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PIETRAS, Dariusz, and Piotr ŚWIĄTEK. "The selection of calibration parameters of a 1.3 Multijet engine management system in the aspect of engine performance and exhaust gas compositon." Combustion Engines 133, no. 2 (May 1, 2008): 36–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.19206/ce-117245.
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The objective of passenger car engine tests performed on engine dynamometers, apart from the aspects of operation and durability, is the development in the range of suitable selection of parameters controlling the engine operation. The final selection of these parameters and their verification take place in the course of the tests accomplished with the use of engine dynamometers. The paper presents and discusses the effects of selected calibrations of 1.3 Multijet engine management system on the parameters of its operation and the composition of the exhaust gases. The accomplishment of that subject-matter resolved itself into testing work on an engine dynamometer to verify selected calibrations of the engine management system, developed on the basis of the experience of the authors acquired during their research performed earlier. Bearing in mind that the engine as the object of the testing serves as a power unit in a passenger car, it was assumed that the selection of the operational points of the engine, for which the tests should be performed on an engine dynamometer, should result from the mapping of the engine operation in the area of selected, characteristic phases of the driving test on a chassis dynamometer. The presented test results, exhaust gas composition and smokiness, as well as the overall efficiency for individual calibrations of the management system were put together in a form of bar graphs.
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Kanojiya, Mahesh, Samir Chunne, Amit Sahani, Paras Ghate, Girish Walki, Vipul Dalvi, Kunal Katkar, Sumit Sonkusle, and Shubham Chaware. "Design of Dynamometer for Engine Testing." International Journal of Innovations in Engineering and Science 6, no. 7 (June 23, 2021): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.46335/ijies.2021.6.7.5.
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ATKINS, Richard. "A century of high performance engine testing." Combustion Engines 123, no. 4 (November 1, 2005): 3–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.19206/ce-117365.
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The past century has seen significant developments in the high performance internal combustion engine. These changes were driven in the first 50 years by accelerated technology due to two World Wars. A study of the engines in the period 1914–1918 and 1939 to 1944 is interesting in so much as many of the current designs of modern engines were in place. The materials and most importantly the computing power were simply not available. In 1960, a four cylinders normally aspirated race engine produced less than 100 BHP (74 kW) per liter capacity; today this is the norm for standard production car engines. A major thrust in the development of high performance engines came with the introduction of Formula 1 racing, as we understand it today in the early 1960’s when the engine capacity was reduced to 1.5 liters and the engines were normally aspirated. This lead to the onset of high revving engines than ran through to 12,000 rev/min, but still retained a flat BMEP (brake mean effective pressure) curve in excess of 1.4 MPa peak and at least 1.1 MPa from 4,500 rev/min through to 12,000 rev/min. In the course of some 45 years power per liter has risen from 100 BHP to 300 BHP (74–220 kW) and dynamometers and specialist instrument design has kept pace with this rise in efficiency. The paper will follow these trends and discuss in some detail the instrumentation that was available to early engineers and follow progress through today, culminating in low inertia dynamometers that are capable of continuous running at 30,000 rev/min and absorbing 2,500 BHP (1,800 kW).
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Alfaiz, M. A. Ammar, M. Tahir Musthafah, Abu Bakar Rosli, M. Shahir Ali, and Abdul Muhaimin. "New Design of a Low Cost Small Engine Dynamometer for Engine Testing." Applied Mechanics and Materials 699 (November 2014): 642–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.699.642.
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This paper discusses the design and development of a low cost small engine dynamometer for engine testing to measure engine performance i.e. power, torque and specific fuel consumption. The data and result were achieved by using a small hydraulic engine dynamometer with specific considerations and standard followed in order to have good engine dynamometer. Small engine was used by coupling it with the hydraulic pump that come with the control valve and pressure gauge. Control valve was set to build back pressure inside the pumping area. When the engine starts, the pressure gauge will give a reading which can be used to calculate the engine torque. By using the engine torque, engine power can be obtained by multiplying the angular speed with engine torque. Specific fuel consumption can be defined, by dividing the brake engine power with the fuel rate. From the experiment data, the brake power of the single cylinder engine showed that it is almost similar to the specification given by the manufacturer. The low cost hydraulic engine dynamometer, which is less than RM 15,000 can be used to measure an engine performance. The engine power, torque, engine speed and air fuel ratio data can be achieved from our developed engine dynamometer.
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Woo, L. Y., R. S. Glass, R. F. Novak, and J. H. Visser. "Diesel engine dynamometer testing of impedancemetric NOx sensors." Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 157, no. 1 (September 2011): 115–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2011.03.034.
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LONGWIC, Rafał, Gracjana WOŹNIAK, and Przemysław SANDER. "Compression-ignition engine fuelled with diesel and hydrogen engine acceleration process." Combustion Engines 180, no. 1 (March 30, 2020): 47–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.19206/ce-2020-108.
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The paper presents the results of research consisting in acceleration of a diesel engine powered by diesel and hydrogen. The test stand included a diesel engine 1.3 Multijet, hydrogen cylinders and measuring equipment. Empirical tests included engine testing at idle and at specified speeds on a chassis dynamometer, vehicle acceleration in selected gears from specified initial values of engine revolutions was also tested.. Selected parameters of the diesel fuel combustion and injection process were calculated and analyzed. The paper is a preliminary attempt to determine the possibility of co-power supply to diesel and hydrogen engines.
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Beshouri, G. M. "On the Development of Modern Analysis Techniques for Single Cylinder Testing of Large-Bore Engines." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 113, no. 3 (July 1, 1991): 390–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2906243.
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The world-wide consolidation of many engine manufacturers, along with the relatively low production rate of new engines, has resulted in a significant reduction in the facilities, engines, and personnel available for conducting full-engine laboratory quality tests against calibrated dynamometers. Concurrently, the continued pressure for further reduction in exhaust emissions, along with improvements in fuel consumption, has created a growing aftermarket for the retrofit/upgrade of new technologies requiring further engine development. Regrettably, the prohibitive cost and capital investment associated with full engine tests, along with the lack of facilities, makes such tests prohibitive. Therefore, a number of new experimental techniques and associated analysis methods have been developed for conducting laboratory quality single-cylinder tests on commercial engines without interfering with their profitable operation. Such tests have been successfully conducted on both spark-ignited and dual fuel engines. Many details of the methods utilized, along with estimations of their accuracy and reliability, are described.
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Lytviak, Oleksandr, Vasyl Loginov, Sergii Komar, and Yevhen Martseniuk. "Self-Oscillations of The Free Turbine Speed in Testing Turboshaft Engine with Hydraulic Dynamometer." Aerospace 8, no. 4 (April 17, 2021): 114. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace8040114.
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Self-oscillations are one of the common problems in the complex automatic system, that can occur due to the features of the workflow and the design of the governor. The development of digital control systems has made it possible to damp self-oscillations by applying complex control laws. However, for hydromechanical systems, such way is unacceptable due to the design complexity and the governor cost. The objective of this work is to determine the parameters of the hydromechanical free turbine speed controller, ensuring the absence of self-oscillations during ground tests of the turboshaft engine with a hydraulic dynamometer. The TV3-117VM engine (Ukraine) with the NR-3VM regulator pump (Ukraine) was selected as the object of the study. However, self-oscillations can also occur in any modifications of the TV3-117 engine with any NR-3 regulator pump. The results of the research may be of interest to engineers and scientists who investigate the dynamics of automatic control systems for similar engines. The paper analyses the nonlinear features of the empirical characteristics of the FTSC leading to self-oscillations of the engine speed. The authors propose the mathematical model of the automatic control system dynamics, which takes into account all the features of the engine and regulator pump. It is shown that the load characteristics of the water brake and the helicopter main rotor can differ significantly. Research of the dynamic characteristics of the TV3-117VM engine was carried out. The analysis showed a good agreement between the calculation results and the field test results, and made it possible to determine the parameters of the controller, which lead to self-oscillations during test. Two cases are considered. The first case includes ground tests of the engine with a water brake; the second case—flight tests of the engine as part of the helicopter’s power plant. The data obtained make it possible to develop recommendations for adjusting the hydromechanical governor without testing it on the engine.
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Nagy, Péter, and Ibolya Zsoldos. "Gasoline Particulate Filter Accelerated Aging Processes - a Literature Review." Acta Technica Jaurinensis 13, no. 4 (August 11, 2020): 281–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.14513/actatechjaur.v13.n4.552.
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This article briefly presents the testing processes of vehicle and engine testing on chassis and engine dynamometers in a laboratory environment and their development trend due to the stricter environmental regulations. It then explains the test cycles that form the basis of the measurements and their effect on emissions and components of the exhaust system. It briefly summarizes the potential processes of soot formation. It researches and describes the possibilities of reducing the duration and costs of testing and inspection processes in the field of particulate emissions of internal combustion engines.
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Ravindra, M. Aruna, and Vardhan Harsha. "Performance Testing of Diesel Engine using Cardanol-Kerosene oil blend." MATEC Web of Conferences 144 (2018): 04005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201814404005.
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Awareness of environmental pollution and fossil fuel depletion has necessitated the use of biofuels in engines which have a relatively cleaner emissions. Cardanol is a biofuel, abundantly available in India, which is a by-product of cashew processing industries. In this study performance of raw Cardanol blended with kerosene has been tested in diesel engine. Volumetric blend BK30 (30% kerosene and 70% Cardanol) has been used for the test. The properties like flash point, viscosity and calorific value of the blend have been determined. The test was carried out in four stroke diesel engine connected with an eddy current dynamometer. Performance of the engine has been analysed by finding the brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) and brake thermal efficiency (BTE). The results showed that the brake thermal efficiency of the blend is 29.87%, with less CO and smoke emission compared to diesel. The results were also compared with the performance of Cardanol diesel blend and Cardanol camphor oil blend, which were already tested in diesel engines by other researchers. Earlier research work reveals that the blend of 30% camphor oil and 70% Cardanol performs very closer to diesel fuel with a thermal efficiency of 29.1%. Similarly, higher brake thermal efficiency was obtained for 20% Cardanol and 80% diesel blend.
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Parker, J. K., S. R. Bell, and D. M. Davis. "An Opposed-Piston Diesel Engine." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 115, no. 4 (October 1, 1993): 734–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2906767.
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Typical conventional diesel engine designs are based on arrangements of single piston and cylinder sets placed sequentially either in-line or offset (“V”) along the crankshaft. The development of other engines, such as the opposed piston type, has been motivated by potential advantages seen in such designs, which may not be viable in conventional in-line or V engine arrangements. Several alternatives to conventional engine design have been investigated in the past and some aspects of these designs have been utilized by engine manufacturers. The design and development of a proof-of-concept opposed piston diesel engine is summarized in this paper. An overview of opposed-piston engines is presented from early developments to current designs. The engine developed in this work is a two stroke and uses four pistons, which move in two parallel cylinders that straddle a single crankshaft. A prechamber equipped with a single fuel injector connects the two cylinders, forming a single combustion chamber. The methodology of the engine development process is discussed along with details of component design. Experimental evaluations of the assembled proof-of-concept engine were used for determining feasibility of the design concept. An electric dynamometer was used to motor the engine and for loading purposes. The dynamometer is instrumented for monitoring both speed and torque. Engine parameters measured include air flow rate, fuel consumption rate, inlet air and exhaust temperatures, and instantaneous cylinder gas pressure as a function of crank position. The results of several testing runs are presented and discussed.
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Samuel J., Jensen, Paul Pramod M., A. Ramesh, Anand Mammen Thomas, V. Ramanujachari, R. Murugesan, and A. Kumarasamy. "Development and Demonstration of Control Strategies for a Common Rail Direct Injection Armoured Fighting Vehicle Engine." Defence Science Journal 67, no. 4 (June 30, 2017): 382. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.67.11450.
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<p class="Abstract">The development of a controller which can be used for engines used in armoured fighting vehicles is discussed. This involved choosing a state of the art reference common rail automotive Diesel engine and setting-up of a transient engine testing facility. The dynamometer through special real-time software was controlled to vary the engine speed and throttle position. The reference engine was first tested with its stock ECU and its bounds of operation were identified. Several software modules were developed in-house in stages and evaluated on special test benches before being integrated and tested on the reference engine. Complete engine control software was thus developed in Simulink and flashed on to an open engine controller which was then interfaced with the engine. The developed control software includes strategies for closed loop control of fuel rail pressure, boost pressure, idle speed, coolant temperature based engine de-rating, control of fuel injection timing, duration and number of injections per cycle based on engine speed and driver input. The developed control algorithms also facilitated online calibration of engine maps and manual over-ride and control of engine parameters whenever required. The software was further tuned under transient conditions on the actual engine for close control of various parameters including rail pressure, idling speed and boost pressure. Finally, the developed control strategies were successfully demonstrated and validated on the reference engine being loaded on customised transient cycles on the transient engine testing facility with inputs based on military driving conditions. The developed controller can be scaled up for armoured fighting vehicle engines.</p>
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Saksono, Puji, and Pandu Prastiyo Utomo. "ANALISIS PENGARUH PEMBEBANAN ENGINE TERHADAP EMISI GAS BUANG DAN FUEL CONSUMPTION MENGGUNAKAN BAHAN BAKAR SOLAR DAN BIODIESEL B10 PADA ENGINE CUMMINS QSK 45 C." POROS 15, no. 2 (January 6, 2018): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.24912/poros.v15i2.1276.
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Abstract: The fuels for Diesel engines derived from petroleum of its existence the longer depleting. Starting from this, the use of biodiesel as a successor is an alternative solution. Conversion of diesel fuel for Diesel engines of heavy equipment to the other types, one of them should pay attention to emissions- related environmental pollution and fuel consumption. This research was conducted with the aim to find out the influence of loading engine against exhaust emissions and fuel consumption using diesel fuel and biodiesel B10 on engine Cummins QSK 45 c. Testing performed in the PT. Saptaindra Sejati workshop (SIS) MIA 3, km. 84, Adaro, Tanjung Tabalong, South Kalimantan, while the primary uses test equipment namely dynamometer (dynotest) Taylor DS4010. The results of testing using biodiesel in diesel fuel compared with B10 imposition engine 0 - 100% decline in average levels of nitrogen oxide (NOx) of 88% (g/kW-hr); carbon monoxide (CO) of 88% (g/kW-hr); and hydrocarbons (HC) by 80% (g/kW-hr), while the fuel consumption experienced a decrease in 0 - 7.14%.
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Li, Chang Zheng, and Yong Lei. "A Computer Aided Testing System for an Aero Turbo-Shaft Engine." Advanced Materials Research 328-330 (September 2011): 542–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.328-330.542.
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Engine running plays very important roles in a turbo-shaft engine production and maintenance. Traditional computer aided testing is just work as a data acquisition system to measure parameters and control some devices. In this paper, a CAT system is realized based on VXI and virtual instrument technology, which also communicate with the PLC, the ECU and the dynamometer, to provide a centralized information system for a turbo-shaft engine running. Multi-functions are realized to assistant users before, during and after experiments.
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Newberger, Norm, and Dennis J. Paige. "Virtual Engine Dynamometers in the Service Life Testing of Transmissions." ATZautotechnology 11, no. 4 (August 2011): 48–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1365/s35595-011-0053-0.
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Zhang, Li Peng, Guang Shun Wu, and Su Xiang Fang. "Dynamometer Development of Motorcycle Engine Applied Kalman Filter." Applied Mechanics and Materials 321-324 (June 2013): 23–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.321-324.23.
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In order to obtain the engine’s performance and related characteristics accurately and completely, engine dynamometer of motorcyclewas developed based on CAN bus in this paper. The system structure was decreased, the system reliability and level of control management were greatly improved. Due to the strong interference and high requirement of control accuracy, a PID control algorithm was proposed for the rotational speed contro1. Moreover, Kalman filter was designed to eliminate the random noise and industrial frequency disturbance. The experimental results demonstrated that the dynamometer’s accuracy and efficiency were improved significantly. Moreover, the testing platform worked stably and reliably.
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Plint, M. A., and A. J. Martyr. "Technical Note: Some limitations of the chassis dynamometer in vehicle simulation." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 215, no. 3 (March 1, 2001): 431–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0954407011525647.
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The chassis dynamometer is the standard tool for legislatively prescribed emission tests. For emission testing and many other vehicle test purposes the dynamic response is an adequate approximation to ‘on road’ conditions. This is not necessarily true if the requirement is to study vehicle driveline dynamics. The present analysis arose from two quite separate requirements to study driveline oscillations and ‘judder’ using chassis dynamometers of the same eVective inertia as the vehicle. During the studies by the authors it became clear that the dynamics of the vehicle-dynamometer combination diVer in important respects from those of a vehicle on the road. As the eVective inertia of the dynamometer falls the natural frequency of the engine-driveline-vehicle system rises while the oscillatory energy imparted to the vehicle falls rapidly. For reasonably accurate simulation of driveline vibration the roll inertia should be some five times that of the vehicle. It is shown that electrical simulation of inertia, as employed in most modern chassis dynamometers, is unsatisfactory where oscillatory phenomena are being studied.
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Alfonso, Alvinsen, Abrar Riza, and I. Made Kartika. "PENGARUH VARIASI MAIN JET NOZZEL PADA SISTEM KARBURATOR TERHADAP UNJUK KERJA MESIN." POROS 13, no. 2 (September 2, 2017): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.24912/poros.v13i2.819.
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Abstract: This study discusses the effect of variations in the diameter of the main jet nozzles on the performance of the motor fuel. Performance analysis covering torque, power and specific fuel consumption (sfc). With the aim to determine the maximum performance that can be generated on any variation of the diameter of the main jet nozzles. At the time of this experiment performed with the engine 4 stroke Honda GX-160, using hydro tool dynamometer and using premium fuel. The data taken is the engine rotation, the force measured on the dynamometer and the time spent fuels. Tests conducted at the Laboratory of Energy Conversion Mechanical Engineering UNTAR Jakarta. Testing is done by providing the machine with a load variation of rotation remains in order to obtain a force on each spin machine with a main jet nozzle diameter variations. Variations rev the engine starts at the minimum rotation until maksimuml with fixed load, variations in the diameter of the main jet nozzles on testing.
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Brace, C. J., R. Burke, and J. Moffa. "Increasing accuracy and repeatability of fuel consumption measurement in chassis dynamometer testing." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 223, no. 9 (September 1, 2009): 1163–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544070jauto1084.
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The aim of this paper is to identify and investigate the effect of small changes in test conditions when quantifying fuel consumption. Twelve test set-up variables were identified and intentionally perturbed from a standard condition, including the effect of removing the power-assisted steering pump. Initially a design-of-experiments (DoE) approach was adopted and the results showed that most of the tested parameters had significant effects on fuel consumption. Most of these effects were greater than the effect of typical technology changes assessed on chassis dynamometer facilities. For example, an increase of 8.7 per cent in fuel consumption was observed following a 90min battery discharge from vehicle headlamps. Similarly an increase of 5.5 per cent was observed when the rig was run 3km/h faster over a drive cycle, and 2.6 per cent when using tyres deflated by 0.5 bar. As a consequence, statistical tolerancing was used to suggest typical tolerances for test rig set-up variables. For example it was recommended that the tyre pressure be controlled to within 0.1 bar and the test rig speed to 0.3km/h. Further investigations were conducted into the effect of battery discharge, coast-down time, and engine cooling. These highlighted the need for rigorous battery charge management as the battery voltage was found not to be an appropriate measure of the variation in the alternator loading. Coast-down time was found to be a good control measure for a number of set-up variables affecting the rolling resistance of the vehicle. Finally the variations in the engine cooling were quantified using a cumulative engine temperature over a drive cycle. This was found to correlate well with fuel consumption. For each of these subsequent investigations, results were compared with the DoE predictions and found to agree well when considering the relatively low number of tests compared with the number of factors.
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Farkas, Ferenc, Valéria Nagy, and Attila Bai. "Tests of differential diesel fuels in engine testing room." Applied Studies in Agribusiness and Commerce 8, no. 1 (August 31, 2014): 59–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.19041/apstract/2014/1/7.
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The portion of oil could be estimated 33 % of global primary energy consumption in 2012 (BP, 2012) and its average price – beside the products produced from it as well - significantly increased, unlike the demand for transport which has been reduced. This tendency is expected to remain unchanged in the long run, therefore, there is a great importance for the variety of diesel fuel distributors, in comparison of the ratio value for each of them, and replacing them with biodiesel can be used in the comparison. We executed 3 dynamometer measurements performed to determine three different dealers purchased diesel oil, some economical examinations of the diesel oil retail price, and the use of biodiesel all based on the expected economic studies in the literature studies of extra fuel consumption values. The results of these tests indicate that the differences of consumption between diesel oils can be up to 5 %, the conclusion is that distinctions of diesel oil consumptions are almost the same when we tested the differences between diesel oil and biodiesel. This means we can reach the same result with a high quality biodiesel as with poor quality diesel oil. This also means that– below 20% of mixing ratio we can easily choose by prices alone. Between these prices and products ( D1, D2, D3), we can save 4.8% diesel oil by using D2, 6.2% diesel oil by using D3 compared to D1. There could be a little revolution variance (D2: 2.9-6%, D3: 4.9- 7.1%), but this variance is under 1% so it is negligible.
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BIELACZYC, Piotr, Bartosz HEJNY, Andrzej SUCHECKI, Rafał SALA, and Krzysztof SOBIESZCZAŃSKI. "Methodology of electric motor testing on the hybrid engine test bench." Combustion Engines 174, no. 3 (August 1, 2018): 26–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.19206/ce-2018-303.
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This paper presents a basic methodology and equipment setup used for an electric motor designed for light-duty vehicles, testing on a hybrid engine test bench equipped with an active AC dynamometer. The methodology used during the test was based on the appropriate regulation (UN-ECE Regulation 85). An example of mechanical performance measurements is presented, as well as an overall layout of the measurement devices used for testing, including a scheme detailing all electrical connections between the equipment employed during the test. The paper takes into consideration the necessity of development and subsequent improvements of the methodology employed during testing of e-motors, which due to the highly changeable and competitive automotive environment, will undoubtedly have a gradually increasing share and significance in the automotive industry.
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Hooper, Peter. "Experimental experience of cold starting a spark ignition UAV engine using low volatility fuel." Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 89, no. 1 (January 3, 2017): 106–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aeat-09-2014-0137.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present results of practical experience of cold starting a gasoline engine on low volatility fuel suitable for unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) deployment. Design/methodology/approach Experimental research and development is carried out via dynamometer testing of systems capable of achieving cold start of a spark ignition UAV engine on kerosene JET A-1 fuel. Findings Repeatable cold starts have been satisfactorily achieved at ambient temperatures of 5°C. The approximate threshold for warm engine restart has also been established. Practical implications For safety and supply logistical reasons, the elimination of the use of gasoline fuel offers major advantages not only for UAVs but also for other internal combustion engine-powered equipment to be operated in military theatres of operation. For gasoline crankcase-scavenged two-stroke cycle engines, this presents development challenges in terms of modification of the lubrication strategy, achieving acceptable performance characteristics and the ability to successfully secure repeatable engine cold start. Originality/value The majority of UAVs still operate on gasoline-based fuels. Successful modification to allow low volatility fuel operation would address single fuel policy objectives.
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Szczotka, Andrzej, Bartosz Puchałka, Piotr Bielaczyc, and Borys Adamiak. "Influence of the dilution factor on the uncertainty of the exhaust gas emission results obtained during testing on the chassis dynamometer." AUTOBUSY – Technika, Eksploatacja, Systemy Transportowe 19, no. 6 (June 30, 2018): 737–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/atest.2018.166.
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Exhaust emission measurements on the chassis dynamometer are one of the most important and most complex tests which are performed on vehicles powered by combustion engines. The sample and dilution system (CVS - Constant Volume Sampling) belongs to the most important parts of the exhaust emission laboratory, and has a large impact on the accuracy of the results obtained. In this paper, the influence of the dilution factor (i.e. parameter changed by means of the CVS system, depending on the emission level and engine displacement of the test vehicle) on the uncertainty of the exhaust gas emission results is analysed.
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Rohrer, Rodney A., Joe D. Luck, Santosh K. Pitla, and Roger Hoy. "Evaluation of the Accuracy of Machine Reported CAN Data for Engine Torque and Speed." Transactions of the ASABE 61, no. 5 (2018): 1547–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.12754.
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Abstract. Most modern off-road machinery use embedded electronic controllers connected to a controller area network (CAN) to broadcast machine information for on-board processes and diagnostics. Commercially available tools can record CAN data for a variety of research and commercial uses. For agricultural tractors, there is an opportunity to create advanced test procedures that are more representative of field operations and that could supplement existing machine performance tests, such as the OECD Code 2 Standard Code for the Official Testing of Agricultural and Forestry Tractor Performance. CAN parameters provide an efficient way to collect tractor performance data during field operations. However, the accuracy of CAN messages is not known, and little information was found in the literature regarding the accuracy of CAN messages or validation of reported signals. The objective of this study was to investigate the accuracy of net engine torque as calculated from several relevant CAN channels by comparing it to torque measured with a calibrated laboratory dynamometer. Results of this study indicate statistically significant differences between calculated and measured net engine torque, although there was a strong correlation. Recommendations for future work include replicating this study on more and different engines that report actual engine percent torque - fractional (SPN 4154) and estimated engine parasitic losses - percent torque (SPN 2978). This would provide higher-resolution torque estimates that may help explain the torque differences observed in this study. Keywords: Accuracy, Agricultural machinery, Calibration, Controller area network, CAN bus, Data acquisition, Diesel engine, Dynamometer, Equipment performance, J1939, Machinery, Off-road vehicles, Power take-off, PTO, Tractors, Torque.
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Farias, Marcelo Silveira de, José Fernando Schlosser, Javier Solis Estrada, Ulisses Giacomini Frantz, and Fabrício Azevedo Rodrigues. "Evaluation of new agricultural tractors engines by using a portable dynamometer." Ciência Rural 46, no. 5 (May 2016): 820–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20150406.
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ABSTRACT: Official agricultural engineering testing aims to determine torque and power, which are important information for decision making when buying an agricultural tractor. In this research the torque and maximum power values provided by manufacturers with the dynamometer tests values, were compared. Forty new agricultural tractors commercialized in the brazilian market were used. Tractors were classified according to the power range in: Class I (less than or equal 22.1kW); Class II (between 22.1 and 51.5kW); Class III (51.5 and 73.5kW); Class IV (73.5 and 117.7kW); and Class V (117.7 and 183.9kW). Variables were analyzed with the statistic t-Student test (P≥0.05). Class IV tractors engines power is bigger in comparison to the values specified by manufacturers. As for Class III tractors engines, torque values observed were bigger when compared to the specified, while for Class V was presented smaller values. As conclusion, with respect to the maximum engine power, it was verified that 67.5% of the evaluated tractors meet the information provided by manufactures.
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Hooper, Peter, and Tarik Al-Shemmeri. "Improved efficiency of an unmanned air vehicle IC engine using computational modelling and experimental verification." Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 89, no. 1 (January 3, 2017): 184–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aeat-09-2015-0200.
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Purpose This paper aims to present experimental results of gasoline-fuelled engine operation of a crankcase-scavenged two-stroke cycle engine used for unmanned air vehicle (UAV)/unmanned air system application and to cross correlate with computational fluid dynamic modelling results. Design/methodology/approach Computational modelling of the engine system was conducted using the WAVE software supported by the experimental research and development via dynamometer testing of a spark ignition UAV engine to construct a validated computational model exploring a range of fuel delivery options. Findings Experimental test data and computational simulation have allowed an assessment of the potential advantages of applying direct in-cylinder fuel injection. Practical implications The ability to increase system efficiency offers significant advantages in terms of maximising limited resources and extending mission duration capabilities. The computational simulation and validation via experimental test experience provides a means of assessment of possibilities that are costly to explore experimentally and offers added confidence to be able to investigate possibilities for the development of similar future engine designs. Originality/value The software code used has not been applied to such crankcase-scavenged two-stroke cycle engines and provides a valuable facility for further simulation of the twin cylinder horizontally opposed design to offer further system optimisation and exploration of future possibilities.
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He, Yongsheng, Jim Liu, David Sun, and Bin Zhu. "Development of an aggressive Miller Cycle engine with extended Late-Intake-Valve-Closing and a two-stage turbocharger." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 233, no. 2 (December 28, 2017): 413–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407017745220.
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This paper describes the development of an aggressive Miller cycle gasoline engine with stoichiometric combustion, a high expansion ratio of 12.5:1, a 65 crank angle degrees (CAD) longer duration Late-Intake-Valve-Closing (LIVC) cam, and a two-stage turbocharger. The full-load performance and part-load fuel consumption of the baseline and Miller cycle engines were assessed through engine dynamometer testing. The aggressive Miller cycle engine achieved the maximum Brake Mean Effective Pressure (BMEP) of 22 bar at 1500 rpm, which was enabled by the 65 CAD longer duration LIVC cam to further reduce the effective compression for controlling knock and by the two-stage turbocharger to provide significantly higher boost for maintaining and increasing trapped mass. It was shown that the more aggressive Millerization was realized while maintaining the specific output and advantages of current downsized boosted engines, such as lower friction and lower pumping losses. The aggressive Miller cycle engine achieved above 6% brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC) reduction over the baseline turbocharged spark-ignition engine on average. The 65 CAD longer duration LIVC cam provided the benefit of pumping loss reduction with delayed intake valve closing and the benefit of hot residual dilution with relatively advanced intake cam phasing simultaneously, which provided the significant fuel economy improvement at non-knocking light-load conditions. Even without the latest technology enhancements and friction reduction methods on its base engine hardware, the aggressive Miller cycle engine achieved a very broad BSFC island of 230 g/kWh or lower, with the lowest BSFC of 223 g/kWh at 2000 rpm and 10 bar BMEP.
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BIELACZYC, Piotr, and Andrzej SZCZOTKA. "The potential of current european light duty CNG-fuelled vehicles to meet Euro 6 requirements." Combustion Engines 151, no. 4 (November 1, 2012): 20–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.19206/ce-117018.
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Natural gas is one of the most promising alternative fuels to meet the new stringent Euro 6 emissions regulations in the European Union, as well as the planned CO2 emissions reductions. For spark-ignition (SI) engines, bi-fuel fuelling equipment is widely available and engine conversion technology for European automobiles is well established, thereby facilitating usage of CNG in this engine type. This study investigates the implications of natural gas fuelling of a passenger car featuring a spark-ignition engine regarding the possibility of meeting Euro 6 emissions limits for gaseous pollutants. This paper presents an analysis of CO, THC, NMHC, NOx and CO2 emissions during testing of a vehicle on a chassis dynamometer, fuelled with CNG, in the context of the new Euro 6 emissions requirements. The analyses were performed on a Euro 5 bi-fuel vehicles with an SI engine equipped with an MPI feeding system operating in closed-loop control, a typical three-way-catalyst, and a heated oxygen sensor. The vehicles had been adapted by their manufacturer for fuelling with CNG by using additional special equipment mounted onto the existing petrol fuelling system. The vehicles tested featured a multipoint gas injection system latest generation. The tests subject to the analyses presented here were performed in the Engine Research Department of BOSMAL Automotive Research and Development Institute Ltd in Bielsko-Biala, Poland, within a research programme investigating the influence of alternative fuels on exhaust emissions from automotive vehicles with spark-ignition and compression-ignition engines.
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Kuppuswamy, Ramesh, and Kerry A. Airey. "Feature extraction on an intelligent polycrystalline diamond insert clock testing method and prediction of product performance." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering 232, no. 6 (October 25, 2017): 723–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954408917738128.
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Increasing applications of polycrystalline diamond inserts in rock drilling is visibly seen as the discovery of new oil wells and tunnelling projects for metro lines are on a continuous rise around the world. As a result, the market consumption of polycrystalline diamond inserts is increasing severely. However, the sudden increased requirement of polycrystalline diamond inserts has also triggered a global competition as new players are increasing each day. The prevailing situation offers a dynamic challenge to the manufacturers to successfully stay in the business, and hence, enhancing product quality has become an essential requirement. In other words, to stay competitive and to remain ahead of the pack, it is critical to build up innovative testing capabilities of the polycrystalline diamond insert so as to pre-empty the undesirable functional characteristics of the polycrystalline diamond insert as well as to proactively engage the production floor for ensuring high product quality. This manuscript unveils a developed intelligent polycrystalline diamond insert testing platform that would link the failure characteristics of the polycrystalline diamond insert to the fracture mechanics through the study of process digitisation of the tool–work interface. An experimental set-up was developed, which incorporates a dynamometer, acoustic emission and accelerometer, for the digitisation of data signals in a feature extraction engine. The feature extraction engine in turn is used to monitor the failure of polycrystalline diamond cutting inserts during machining. The raw data fed through the feature extraction engine were used to identify the progression of failure in terms of flank wear or tool life for the polycrystalline diamond cutting inserts. The system comprises three key elements, which are (a) sensing and conditioning, (b) information extraction and (c) performance and failure analysis. The results of this experiment build the feature extraction engine that tracks the progression of flank wear in the polycrystalline diamond cutting inserts with reasonable accuracy. Furthermore, the break-in testing of a randomly selected insert from the production floor was applied to the feature extraction engine platform to predict the produce performance. This method also alerts the in-process manufacturing stages and enabled to considerably reduce the production scrap of polycrystalline diamond inserts.
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Stelmasiak, Zdzisław, and Janusz Semikow. "The criteria of fuelling the dual-fuel SI engine with gasoline and methanol." Combustion Engines 153, no. 2 (May 1, 2013): 12–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.19206/ce-116997.
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In the paper are discussed test results of dual fuel spark ignition engine with multipoint injection of alcohol and gasoline in area of inlet valve. Engine fuelling was accomplished through a prototype fuel supply system comprising duplex injectors controlled electronically. Implemented system enables fuelling of the engine with pure gasoline, with pure methanol, or simultaneous combustion of the both fuels mixture with any fraction of the alcohol. The tests were performed on four cylinder, spark ignition engine of Fiat 1100 MPI type. In the paper are presented criteria to be fulfilled in dual fuel spark ignition engine run on gasoline and methyl alcohol. The criteria were developed on the base of engine testing performed on engine dynamometer. When developing the criteria, one took assumption of energetic equity of fuel doses in traditional and dual fuel supply system in every operational point of the engine. The second criterion consisted in maintaining a minimal elementary dose of gasoline and alcohol injectors, which would assure stable operation of the engine. In result of the performed analysis one proposed a map of possible ranges of dual fuel feeding of the engine with methyl alcohol and gasoline.
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Casadei, Simone, and Angela Maggioni. "Performance Testing of a Locomotive Engine Aftertreatment Pre-prototype in a Passenger Cars Chassis Dynamometer Laboratory." Transportation Research Procedia 14 (2016): 605–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2016.05.305.
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Kuranc, Andrzej, Tomasz Słowik, Paweł Krzaczek, and Grzegorz Maj. "Emission of Fumes of Ursus MF235 under Conditions of Load with The Use of a Movable Dynamometric Stand." Agricultural Engineering 20, no. 4 (December 1, 2016): 101–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/agriceng-2016-0068.
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Abstract The article presents calculations of unit fumes emission made based on the measurements of the fumes composition during a load test. The test was carried out with the use of a movable dynamometric stand adjusted for testing agricultural tractors by power take-off shaft. Calculations of unit emission were made based on the assumed flow of air sucked by an engine and the measured composition of fumes emitted during the load test. Results of tests and analyses supply information on the mass of particle matter and the selected gas elements emitted by an engine working under the load which was related to simultaneous determination of the exploitation characteristic of an engine. The presented methodology may be helpful at evaluation of impact of farm tractors on the environment within the hazardous fume components emitted by them.
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Dumitru, Ilie, Laurențiu Racilă, Lucian Matei, Alexandru Oprica, and Virgil Valeanu. "Aspects of Functional Optimization and Performance Evaluation Using an Experimental Programmable Engine Control Unit." Applied Mechanics and Materials 822 (January 2016): 365–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.822.365.
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The author’s present concerns about the study opportunities offered by the control unit (which allow experimental programming) related to viewing, adjusting and recording certain engine operating parameters. For a dedicated power supply solution (in which we find an own admission variant of route) functional enhancements the related to the settings type of injection, number of injections, injection time and air mixture – fuel, are proposed. Performance evaluation, approached in a sequence type identification system was done using a testing methodology specific to the chassis dynamometer bench to highlight the targeted optimizations.
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Stępień, Zbigniew, and Michał Wojtasik. "Effect of PIBSI Chemical Structures of Various Molecular Masses on the IDID Formation in Engine-Dynamometer Testing." Journal of Energy Engineering 146, no. 3 (June 2020): 04020015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)ey.1943-7897.0000667.
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Mikhailov, V. E., S. P. Kolpakov, and L. A. Khomenok. "Results of bench tests of hydraulic dynamometer of type CFT-9.0 manufactured by Fuchino Co Ltd." Safety and Reliability of Power Industry 12, no. 3 (November 22, 2019): 200–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.24223/1999-5555-2019-12-3-200-205.
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Topical issues of creating test benches for power drive units are considered. The results of testing a hydraulic dynamometer with the aim of clarifying its characteristics are presented. When creating test benches, it is important to choose the right power damping system with its accurate measurement. For these purposes hydraulic dynamometers (HD) are used. The domestic industry has not yet mass-produced them, experimental development is underway. In this regard, it seems appropriate to use imported diesel engines, for example, Japanese-made, of type CFT-9.0 manufactured by Fuchino Co Ltd. This equipment has a commercial preference over other foreign manufacturers. This article discusses the principle of HD operation, its design features, the identified shortcomings and ways to address them, the results of tests of the gas engine on a special bench of JSC «NPO CKTI».The tests carried out made it possible to verify the operability of the acquired HD, to determine the dependence of the HD power on the rotation frequency, the dependence of the cooling water flow rate on the HD power and the dependence of the HD power on the steam flow rate to the steam turbine drive.The results obtained indicate that the HD of type CFT-9.0 manufactured by «Fuchino Co Ltd» can be recommended as a hydrodynamic power absorber with its high-precision measurement in a wide range of rotation speed, modes and power consumption up to 8.5 MW.
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GIS, Wojciech, Jacek PIELECHA, Jerzy MERKISZ, Stanisław KRUCZYŃSKI, and Maciej GIS. "Determining the route for the purpose light vehicles testing in Real Driving Emissions (RDE) test." Combustion Engines 178, no. 3 (July 1, 2019): 61–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.19206/ce-2019-311.
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In the regulations concerning approval of light vehicles starting from September 2019 it will be necessary to conduct exhaust emis-sions tests both on a chassis dynamometer and for real driving emissions. It is a legislative requirement set forth in EU regulations for the purpose of the RDE (Real Driving Emissions) procedure. To decide on the RDE route for the purpose of the LV exhaust emissions tests many requirements must be fulfilled, regarding for ex-ample external temperature and the topographic height of the tests, driving style (driving dynamic parameters), trip duration, length of respective test sections (urban, rural, motorway, etc.). The works on outlining RDE routes are continued across the country in various research centres. Specifying the RDE route for test purposes, i.e. works in which the authors of this article are actively involved, has become a major challenge for future approval surveys concerning the assessment of hazardous emissions from light vehicles and for development studies focusing on – for example – the consumption of energy in electric and hybrid vehicles. The vehicle load was consistent with the requirements of the standard and included the aforesaid measurement device, the driver and the operator of PEMS. The tests were carried out on working days. The streets and roads used for the tests were hard-surfaced. Meas-urements were performed in accordance with the requirements of RDE packages (Package 1–4), i.e. taking into account – among others the engine cold start. The article discusses the method of outlining the test route fulfilling the specific requirements for RDE testing. Chosen results of ex-haust emissions from a passenger car with a spark-ignition engine along the defined RDE test route have been provided. The tests discussed in the article are introductory in the area of RDE tests and provide an introduction into further studies of exhaust emissions and energy consumption in real driving conditions in conventional vehicles and vehicles with alternative engines, e.g. hybrid and electric vehicles.
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Yoon, Seungju, John F. Collins, Chandan Misra, Jorn D. Herner, Michael W. Carter, and Todd P. Sax. "In-Use Emissions from 2010-Technology Heavy-Duty Trucks: Impact on Air Quality Planning in California." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2627, no. 1 (January 2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2627-01.
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Introduction of a selective catalytic reduction system for heavy-duty diesel trucks (HDDTs) has substantially reduced emissions of oxides of nitrogen (NOx). However, it was found that in-use NOx emissions measured from three 2010-technology HDDTs were higher than the certification standard and higher than the levels measured during engine certification. In-use NOx emissions from three HDDTs tested over chassis dynamometer cycles were 1.7 to 9 times higher than the NOx certification standard of 0.20 grams per brake horsepower-hour, and the emissions measured with a portable emissions measurement system over highway test routes were up to five times higher than the certification standard. Such high in-use NOx emissions occurred primarily during low-speed operations (25 mph or less). This is a concern in California because more than 50% of running-exhaust NOx emissions from HDDTs will occur during low-speed operations that constitute only 11% of total vehicle miles traveled by 2025. This substantial contribution of NOx emissions during low-speed operations should be addressed carefully in the process of developing regulations and strategies to improve air quality in California. For better understanding and control of high in-use NOx emissions, there is a strong need for investigation of NOx control technologies effective at low-speed operation, differences between engine testing and whole vehicle testing procedures, and the roles of both engine certification requirements and in-use compliance requirements in reducing real-world NOx emissions.
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Fernoaga, Vlad, Venetia Sandu, and Titus Balan. "Artificial Intelligence for the Prediction of Exhaust Back Pressure Effect on the Performance of Diesel Engines." Applied Sciences 10, no. 20 (October 21, 2020): 7370. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10207370.
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The actual trade-off among engine emissions and performance requires detailed investigations into exhaust system configurations. Correlations among engine data acquired by sensors are susceptible to artificial intelligence (AI)-driven performance assessment. The influence of exhaust back pressure (EBP) on engine performance, mainly on effective power, was investigated on a turbocharged diesel engine tested on an instrumented dynamometric test-bench. The EBP was externally applied at steady state operation modes defined by speed and load. A complete dataset was collected to supply the statistical analysis and machine learning phases—the training and testing of all the AI solutions developed in order to predict the effective power. By extending the cloud-/edge-computing model with the cloud AI/edge AI paradigm, comprehensive research was conducted on the algorithms and software frameworks most suited to vehicular smart devices. A selection of artificial neural networks (ANNs) and regressors was implemented and evaluated. Two proof-of concept smart devices were built using state-of-the-art technology—one with hardware acceleration for “complete cycle” AI and the other with a compact code and size (“AI in a nut-shell”) with ANN coefficients embedded in the code and occasionally offline “statistical re-calibration”.
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Sudarmanta, Bambang, Sudjud Darsopuspito, and Djoko Sungkono. "Influence of Bioethanol-Gasoline Blended Fuel on Performance and Emissions Characteristics from Port Injection Sinjai Engine 650 cc." Applied Mechanics and Materials 493 (January 2014): 273–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.493.273.
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Performance and emissions characteristics from port injection SINJAI engine 650 cc operating on bioethanol-gasoline blended fuels of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% were investigated on water brake dynamometers with power capacity 120 hp. The properties of bioethanol were measured based on American Society for Testing Materials (ASTM) standards. Fuel consumption was measured by the time fuel consumption per 25 cc of fuel in a measuring glass whereas combustion air consumption was measured using an air flow meter. The emission parameters, exhaust gas temperature and air fuel ratio were measured using STARGAS exhaust gas analyzer. The increase of bioethanol content will increases the engine performance and reduces pollutan emission. The highest engine performance produced by E15 blended fuel with increased torsi, mean effective pressure and power output of 10,27 %, thermal efficiency 1,8% but specific fuel consumption increased approximatelly 12,42%. This condition occurs at engine speed 3000 - 3500 rpm. While the emission CO and HC emissions decreased significantly as a result of the leaning effect caused by the bioethanol addition. In this study, it was found that using bioetanol-gasoline blended fuels , the CO and HC emissions would be reduced appoximatelly by 55 and 32% Respectively.
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Giechaskiel, Barouch, Pierre Bonnel, Adolfo Perujo, and Panagiota Dilara. "Solid Particle Number (SPN) Portable Emissions Measurement Systems (PEMS) in the European Legislation: A Review." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 23 (November 30, 2019): 4819. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16234819.
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Portable emissions measurement systems (PEMS) for gaseous pollutants were firstly introduced in the United States regulation to check the in-use compliance of heavy-duty engines, avoiding the high costs of removing the engine and testing it on a dynamometer in the laboratory. In Europe, the in-service conformity of heavy-duty engines has been checked with PEMS for gaseous pollutants since 2014. To strengthen emissions regulations with a view to minimise the differences between on-road and laboratory emission levels in some cases, PEMS testing, including solid particle number (SPN), was introduced for the type-approval of light-duty vehicles in Europe in 2017 and for in-service conformity in 2019. SPN-PEMS for heavy-duty engines will be introduced in 2021. This paper gives an overview of the studies for SPN-PEMS from early 2013 with the first prototypes until the latest testing and improvements in 2019. The first prototype diffusion charger (DC) based systems had high differences from the reference laboratory systems at the first light-duty vehicles campaign. Tightening of the technical requirements and improvements from the instrument manufacturers resulted in differences of around 50%. Similar differences were found in an inter-laboratory comparison exercise with the best performing DC- and CPC- (condensation particle counter) based system. The heavy-duty evaluation phase at a single lab and later at various European laboratories revealed higher differences due to the small size of the urea generated particles and their high charge at elevated temperatures. This issue, along with robustness at low ambient temperatures, was addressed by the instrument manufacturers bringing the measurement uncertainty to the 50% levels. This measurement uncertainty needs to be considered at the on-road emission results measured with PEMS.
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Kim, Namdoo, Sungwook Choi, Jongryeol Jeong, Ram Vijayagopal, Kevin Stutenberg, and Aymeric Rousseau. "Vehicle Level Control Analysis for Voltec Powertrain." World Electric Vehicle Journal 9, no. 2 (August 2, 2018): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/wevj9020029.
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The next generation of the Volt vehicle with the new “Voltec” extended-range propulsion system was introduced into the market in 2016. The second-generation Volt’s powertrain architecture provides five modes of operation, including two electric vehicle operations and three extended-range operations. Vehicle testing was performed on a chassis dynamometer set within a thermal chamber at the Advanced Powertrain Research Facility at Argonne National Laboratory. The study first focused on assessing the improvement of the new Voltec system by comparing the system efficiency with the previous system. Second, control behavior and performance were analyzed under normal ambient temperature to understand the supervisory control strategy on the Voltec system based on the test data. The analysis focused on the engine on/off strategy, powertrain operation mode, energy management, and engine operating conditions. Third, test data from the control analysis were used to summarize the vehicle control logic.
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Smigins, Ruslans, and Arturs Zakis. "Impact of Diethyl Ether/Rapeseed Oil Blends on Performance and Emissions of a Light-Duty Diesel Vehicle." Energies 13, no. 15 (July 23, 2020): 3788. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13153788.
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This article presents results of experimental study of diesel, rapeseed oil and three different blends of 10%, 20% and 30% diethyl ether addition to rapeseed oil, tested on VW Golf vehicle on chassis dynamometer Mustang MD-1750. Fuel consumption and emission tests were conducted at different testing conditions: idling, 50 km/h, 90 km/h, as also IM-240 cycle. The analysis of obtained results have shown reduction of engine power by 6.2%–17.3% and increase of fuel consumption by 0.6%–15.5% (based on testing conditions) for all blends based on DEE addition compared to RO, demonstrating better perspectives for low level blends. Emission tests have shown decrease of hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides (NOx) for all blends with DEE content in almost all testing conditions and also slight increase of carbon monoxides and carbon dioxides compared to rapeseed oil. Largest decrease of NOx was observed during 90 km/h and cycle IM-240 reaching almost 24% reduction for 20DEE and 30DEE in comparison to neat RO.
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Chilakpu and Kingsley Ogueri. "Evaluation of diesel engine using Jatropha curcas oil base fuel under a constant speed condition." World Journal of Advanced Engineering Technology and Sciences 2, no. 1 (February 28, 2021): 017–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjaets.2021.2.1.0011.
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A two stage esterification process was adopted in producing biodiesel from Jatropha curcas seed oil in a modified batch reactor. The produced fuel was washed and dried before testing it in an unmodified single stroke diesel engine. 10 liters of biodiesel was measured into five containers and blended with fossil diesel at various percentages for optimal performance in the following order; 10% (B10), 20% (B20), 50% (B50) and 70% (B70) while the fifth container was used as control at 100% biodiesel (B100). Constant engine speed test was conducted to investigate the performance of the produced fuel at known operational speeds of most farm machines. Two engine speeds were selected (2000rpm and 1500rpm). Each speed level was selected on the engine when no extra load was on it, then load from the dynamometer was gradually imposed on the system. A drop in speed was noticed and the engine was raised back to the selected speed. It was allowed to stabilize for about 3minutes before recording the spring readings on the tension side of the belt (F₁), and that on the slack side of the belt (F₂), and torque (T) on the belt and other parameters were deduced. The result of the experiment showed the high torque delivering ability of biodiesel and its blends (B10 & B20) and their ability to protect the enginewhile in operationby reducing frictional wear and tear given its high viscosity.
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An, Feng, Matthew Barth, Joseph Norbeck, and Marc Ross. "Development of Comprehensive Modal Emissions Model: Operating Under Hot-Stabilized Conditions." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1587, no. 1 (January 1997): 52–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1587-07.
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A comprehensive modal emission model for light-duty cars and trucks is being developed. More than 300 real-world vehicles are being recruited for in-house dynamometer testing under as-is conditions to provide the foundation for the model. The model is designed to predict second-by-second tailpipe emissions under a variety of driving conditions. The vehicles can be modeled as individual vehicles with properly functioning, deteriorated, or malfunctioning emission control conditions, or as composite vehicles representing different vehicle technology categories. The model is based on a simple parameterized physical approach and consists of six modules that predict engine power, engine speed, air/fuel ratio, fuel use, engine-out emissions, and catalyst pass fraction. When developing the model, four important vehicle operating conditions are considered: cold and warm starts; normal, stoichiometric operation; high-power enrichment; and lean-burn operation. The model concept and the expected input/output requirements of the model are discussed. The general structure of the model also is presented, focusing on emissions for vehicles operating under hot-stabilized conditions. Preliminary results of the model are given, and comparisons are made between the modeled and measurement results for 17 sample vehicles. Preliminary results show good agreement.
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Engelmann, Danilo, Andreas Hüssy, Pierre Comte, Jan Czerwinski, and Peter Bonsack. "Influences of special driving situations on emissions of passenger cars." Combustion Engines 184, no. 1 (March 30, 2021): 41–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.19206/ce-134828.
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Testing of real driving emissions (RDE) offers the opportunity to collect the data about the emissions in special driving, or non-driving situations. These situations are: cold start, warm-up of the engine, stop & go and idling. In the present work, the definitions of the special driving situations were proposed, the emissions of 7 passenger cars (gasoline & Diesel) were extracted from the present RDE data and some special driving situations, particularly the stop & go operation with varying share of idling were reproduced on chassis dynamometer. As expected, the emissions of CO, NOx and PN are in the cold start and in the first part of the warm-up phase (c.a. 25s) considerably higher than in the rest of the investigated urban phase. The singular emitting situations like “stop & go” or idling occur frequently in the warm-up phase, i.e. in the city operation when the engine and the exhaust system are still not warm enough.
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BIELACZYC, Piotr, Andrzej SZCZOTKA, and Joseph WOODBURN. "An overview of cold start emissions from direct injection spark-ignition and compression ignition engines of light duty vehicles at low ambient temperatures." Combustion Engines 154, no. 3 (September 1, 2013): 96–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.19206/ce-116992.
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Spark-ignition (SI) engines are highly susceptible to excess emissions when started at low ambient temperatures, a phenomenon which has been widely discussed in the literature. Direct injection diesel engines feature a markedly different fuelling and combustion strategy, and as such their emissions behaviour is somewhat different from gasoline engines. The excess emissions of diesel engines at low ambient temperatures should also differ. The aim of this study was to compare excess emissions of gaseous and solid pollutants over a legislative driving cycle (the New European Driving Cycle, NEDC) following cold start at a low ambient temperature for both engine types. This paper examines emissions at low ambient temperatures with a special focus on cold start; emissions are also compared to start-up at a higher ambient temperature (24 °C). The causes of excess emissions andfuel consumption are briefly discussed. A series of tests were performed on European Euro 5 passenger cars on a chassis dynamometer within an advanced climate-controlled test laboratory at BOSMAL Automotive Research and Development Institute, Poland. Emissions data obtained over the Urban Driving Cycle by testing at 24 °C and at -7 °C, are presentedfor a selection ofmodern Euro 5 gasoline and diesel vehicles representative of the European passenger carfleet. A full modal emissions analysis was also conducted at 24 °C and at -7 °C over the NEDC. Emissions andfuel consumption were substantially higher at -7 °C than at 24 °C.
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SZYMLET, Natalia, Łukasz RYMANIAK, Piotr LIJEWSKI, Barbara SOKOLNICKA, and Maciej SIEDLECKI. "Research and analysis of harmful road emissions from a two-wheel vehicle engine in laboratory conditions." Combustion Engines 173, no. 2 (May 1, 2018): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.19206/ce-2018-207.
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The subject of this article is the identification of engine exhaust emissions of two-wheel vehicles under laboratory conditions. For this purpose, analysis of road and time emission of gaseous compounds: HC, CO, CO2, NOx from a motorcycle equipped with an engine with a displacement volume of 0.7 dm3 and a maximum power of 55 kW was made. The tests were performed on a dynamometer station designed for testing two-wheel vehicles. The speed characteristic was taken from the European type approval test WMTC, consisting of three parts. Each of these parts lasted 600 seconds and was characterized by a different maximum vehicle speed value. The mobile AXION R/S apparatus part of the PEMS device group was used in the research. What is more, the exhaust emissions results were referred to the values listed by the exhaust emission standard met by the tested vehicle (Euro 4 standard). Laboratory tests presented in the article are only intended as a basis for further research, which includes exhaust emission tests from two-wheel vehicles in real operating conditions.
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Bielaczyc, Piotr, and Joseph Woodburn. "Current directions in LD powertrain technology in response to stringent exhaust emissions and fuel efficiency requirements." Combustion Engines 166, no. 3 (August 1, 2016): 62–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.19206/ce-2016-341.
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The major global automotive markets have all set limits for exhaust emissions from new road vehicles, which have become increasingly stringent over the past few decades. There is also considerable pressure to reduce fuel consumption and CO2 emissions – around 80% of all new passenger cars sold globally are subject to some kind of energy efficiency regulation. Such legal requirements necessitate extensive R&D and testing and the entire field is undergoing a period of rapid change. Despite a recent trend towards harmonisation, at present significant regional differences exist, which vary from the analytical laboratory methods specified, the list of regulated pollutants, the numerical values of the emissions limits and the test cycles employed for engine and chassis dynamometer testing of vehicles and their powertrains. Here the key points are reviewed and strategies and technologies employed to deal with these emissions challenges are discussed. Incoming automotive emissions regulations including the WLTP and Real Driving Emissions are discussed and in conclusion likely directions in powertrain technology are identified.
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Putra, Adi Pratama, and Ikhwanul Qiram. "Energy Analysis Produced In Mixture of Liquid (Pertalite) and Gas (LPG) in Conventional Machine 4 Cylinder." Logic : Jurnal Rancang Bangun dan Teknologi 19, no. 3 (November 30, 2019): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.31940/logic.v19i3.1458.
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Increased mobility of transportation plays a major role in the economic growth of a region. Despite the rapid growth of the automotive industry, there are still quite a lot of people who use old-type vehicles to support their mobility. Conventional 4-cylinder engine is one type of engine that is widely used in public transportation modes. The purpose of this study was to obtain an analysis of the energy produced in a mixture of liquid fuel (pertalite) and gas (LPG) in a conventional engine 4-cylinder. The research method used was an experiment, carried out on a conventional engine 4-cylinder. A dynamometer is used to determine the power and torque produced. As for testing the rate of fuel consumption using a measuring burette, then the fuel consumption is calculated. The research data are arranged in tables and graphs to obtain the analysis of the energy produced at each rotation speed variation (Rpm). The results showed there were differences in power, torque and fuel consumption produced by a mixture of the two types of fuel used. For maximum power generated at a standard injector variation that uses Pertamax plus fuel of 11.61 kW and a maximum torque of 12.98 Nm. While the lowest power is produced by Pertamax using a racing injector of 2.26 kW and the lowest torque of 8.67 Nm. The lowest fuel consumption is obtained from the use of a standard fuel injector Pertamax plus of 0.12 kg / kW while the highest fuel consumption produced by Pertamax Plus uses a standard injector of 1.28 kg / kW.
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Aminudin, Achmad, and Indah Puspitasari. "UJI PERFORMA MOTOR MATIC 110 CC DENGAN KONSEP BI-FUEL (GASOLINE-LPG)." JTT (Jurnal Teknologi Terapan) 6, no. 2 (September 8, 2020): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.31884/jtt.v6i2.192.
Full textAbstract:
Converter kits are equipment used to translate fuel oil (CNG) into gas fuel (CNG) in convertible vehicles. The use of a converter kit with CNG liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) will be used to optimize engine performance while driving, but its use is not yet known among the public because it is not affordable and there is no transition from fuel to consumed gas. Therefore, it is necessary to design a simple converter kit, affordable by the community, and can be supported on two different fuels. This study redesigned the manual converter kit with a research focus on aluminum gas mixer components with variations in the number of intake mixers (1, 2, and 3) and added mixing zones in the mixer area, using 110 cc single cylinder motorized engine with carburetor fuel system with a variation of 1500-9000 rpm. Engine performance testing is done using a chassis dynamometer. The use of LPG fuel in various types of input mixers is able to increase torque and power on the engine. Engine performance test data shows that the best torque value on the use of LPG materials in input mixer 1, 2, and 3 holes respectively are 17.44 Nm, 16.77 Nm and 11.71 Nm, while for gasoline fuel is 16 Meanwhile, the value of power in the use of LPG fuel with the input of mixer 1, 2 and 3 holes is capable of producing maximum power respectively 7.1 Hp, 7.4 Hp and 7.3 Hp, while for gasoline fuel at 7.7 Hp. The use of LPG fuel with the number of 1 hole mixer input is the best variation compared to gasoline fuel and the number of mixer inputs in the other variations.