Journal articles: 'Testing oracle'

1

Tiwari, Vijay Kumar. "Oracle Database Backup Testing." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Volume-2, Issue-3 (April 30, 2018): 2043–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd11572.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Zhang, Mingzhe, Yunzhan Gong, Yawen Wang, and Dahai Jin. "Path-Sensitive Oracle Data Selection via Static Analysis." Electronics 10, no. 2 (January 7, 2021): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10020110.

Full text

Abstract:

A test oracle is a procedure that is used during testing to determine whether software behaves correctly or not. One of most important tasks for a test oracle is to choose oracle data (the set of variables monitored during testing) to observe. However, most literature on test oracles has focused either on formal specification generation or on automated test oracle construction, whereas little work exists for supporting oracle data selection. In this paper, we present a path-sensitive approach, PSODS (path-sensitive oracle data selection), to automatically select oracle data for use by expected value oracles. PSODS ranks paths according to the possibility that potential faults may exist in them, and the ranked paths help testers determine which oracle data should be considered first. To select oracle data for each path, we introduce quantity and quality analysis of oracle data, which use static analysis to estimate oracle data for their substitution capability and fault-detection capability. Quantity analysis can reduce the number of oracle data. Quality analysis can rank oracle data based on their fault-detection capability. By using quantity and quality analysis, PSODS reduces the cost of oracle construction and improves fault-detection efficiency and effectiveness. We have implemented our approach and applied it to a real-world project. The experimental results show that PSODS is efficient in helping testers construct test oracles. Moreover, the oracle datasets produced by our approach are more effective and efficient than output-only oracles at detecting faults.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Zhang, Mingzhe, Yunzhan Gong, Yawen Wang, and Dahai Jin. "Path-Sensitive Oracle Data Selection via Static Analysis." Electronics 10, no. 2 (January 7, 2021): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10020110.

Full text

Abstract:

A test oracle is a procedure that is used during testing to determine whether software behaves correctly or not. One of most important tasks for a test oracle is to choose oracle data (the set of variables monitored during testing) to observe. However, most literature on test oracles has focused either on formal specification generation or on automated test oracle construction, whereas little work exists for supporting oracle data selection. In this paper, we present a path-sensitive approach, PSODS (path-sensitive oracle data selection), to automatically select oracle data for use by expected value oracles. PSODS ranks paths according to the possibility that potential faults may exist in them, and the ranked paths help testers determine which oracle data should be considered first. To select oracle data for each path, we introduce quantity and quality analysis of oracle data, which use static analysis to estimate oracle data for their substitution capability and fault-detection capability. Quantity analysis can reduce the number of oracle data. Quality analysis can rank oracle data based on their fault-detection capability. By using quantity and quality analysis, PSODS reduces the cost of oracle construction and improves fault-detection efficiency and effectiveness. We have implemented our approach and applied it to a real-world project. The experimental results show that PSODS is efficient in helping testers construct test oracles. Moreover, the oracle datasets produced by our approach are more effective and efficient than output-only oracles at detecting faults.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Sardharwalla, Imdad S. B., Sergii Strelchuk, and Richard Jozsa. "Quantum conditional query complexity." Quantum Information and Computation 17, no. 7&8 (May 2017): 541–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.26421/qic17.7-8-1.

Full text

Abstract:

We define and study a new type of quantum oracle, the quantum conditional oracle, which provides oracle access to the conditional probabilities associated with an underlying distribution. Amongst other properties, we (a) obtain highly efficient quantum algorithms for identity testing, equivalence testing and uniformity testing of probability distributions; (b) study the power of these oracles for testing properties of boolean functions, and obtain an algorithm for checking whether an n-input m-output boolean function is balanced or e-far from balanced; and (c) give an algorithm, requiring O˜(n/e) queries, for testing whether an n-dimensional quantum state is maximally mixed or not.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Brown, D. B., R. F. Roggio, J. H. Cross, and C. L. McCreary. "An automated oracle for software testing." IEEE Transactions on Reliability 41, no. 2 (June 1992): 272–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/24.257793.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Sun, Chang-ai, Guan Wang, Baohong Mu, Huai Liu, ZhaoShun Wang, and T. Y. Chen. "A Metamorphic Relation-Based Approach to Testing Web Services Without Oracles." International Journal of Web Services Research 9, no. 1 (January 2012): 51–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jwsr.2012010103.

Full text

Abstract:

Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) has become a major application development paradigm. As a basic unit of SOA applications, Web services significantly affect the quality of the applications constructed from them. In the context of SOA, the specification and implementation of Web services are completely separated. The lack of source code and the restricted control of Web services limit the testability of Web services, and make the oracle problem prominent. In this context, can one alleviate the test oracle problem, or effectively and efficiently test such Web services even without oracles? It is an important issue which has not been yet adequately addressed. To address the challenge of testing Web services, the authors propose a metamorphic relation-based approach to testing Web services without oracles. The proposed approach leverages so-called metamorphic relations to generate test cases and evaluate test results. To make the proposed approach practical and effective, the authors proposed a framework taking into account the unique features of SOA, and developed a prototype which partially automates the framework. Three case studies are conducted to validate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed approach. The work presented in the paper not only alleviates the test oracle problem of testing Web services, but also delivers an effective and efficient test technique without oracles.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Li, Nan, and Jeff Offutt. "Test Oracle Strategies for Model-Based Testing." IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering 43, no. 4 (April 1, 2017): 372–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tse.2016.2597136.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Dan, H., and R. M. Hierons. "The Oracle Problem When Testing from MSCs." Computer Journal 57, no. 7 (June 10, 2013): 987–1001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/bxt055.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

SHUKLA, RAKESH, PAUL STROOPER, and DAVID CARRINGTON. "A FRAMEWORK FOR STATISTICAL TESTING OF SOFTWARE COMPONENTS." International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering 17, no. 03 (June 2007): 379–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021819400700329x.

Full text

Abstract:

Statistical testing involves the testing of software by selecting test cases from a probability distribution that is intended to represent the software's operational usage. In this paper, we describe and evaluate a framework for statistical testing of software components that incorporates test case execution and output evaluation. An operational profile and a test oracle are essential for the statistical testing of software components because they are used for test case generation and output evaluation respectively. An operational profile is a set of input events and their associated probabilities of occurrence expected in actual operation. A test oracle is a mechanism that is used to check the results of test cases. We present four types of operational profiles and three types of test oracles, and empirically evaluate them using the framework by applying them to two software components. The results show that while simple operational profiles may be effective for some components, more sophisticated profiles are needed for others. For the components that we tested, the fault-detecting effectiveness of the test oracles was similar.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Barr, Earl T., Mark Harman, Phil McMinn, Muzammil Shahbaz, and Shin Yoo. "The Oracle Problem in Software Testing: A Survey." IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering 41, no. 5 (May 1, 2015): 507–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tse.2014.2372785.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Liu, Huai, Fei-Ching Kuo, Dave Towey, and Tsong Yueh Chen. "How Effectively Does Metamorphic Testing Alleviate the Oracle Problem?" IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering 40, no. 1 (January 2014): 4–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tse.2013.46.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Huang, Song, Meng Yu Ji, Zhan Wei Hui, and Yi Ting Duanmu. "Detecting Integer Bugs without Oracle Based on Metamorphic Testing Technique." Applied Mechanics and Materials 121-126 (October 2011): 1961–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.121-126.1961.

Full text

Abstract:

Integer bugs are considered to be the rising threat to mission-critical software. For the oracle problem, testers always ignore integer bugs unless program throws an exception obviously. In this paper, we propose a general procedure based on metamorphic testing to detect integer bugs without oracle and a strategy of the metamorphic relation selection as the complement to T.Y.Chen’ one. The experiment result shows that our approach can detect some invisible mission-critical software failures caused by integer bugs, which are difficult to be found in conventional formal method.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Yasin, Muhammad, Ozgur Sinanoglu, and Jeyavijayan Rajendran. "Testing the Trustworthiness of IC Testing: An Oracle-Less Attack on IC Camouflaging." IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security 12, no. 11 (November 2017): 2668–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2017.2710954.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Jameel, Tahir, Mengxiang Lin, and Liu Chao. "Metamorphic Relations Based Test Oracles for Image Processing Applications." International Journal of Software Innovation 4, no. 1 (January 2016): 16–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsi.2016010102.

Full text

Abstract:

Evaluation of output images carrying visual semantics is a challenging task which is carried out by domain experts through visual inspection. Automatic test oracle is required to augment the test oracle problem and to eliminate the manual efforts. Metamorphic testing is an effective technique to alleviate these problems. In this paper, the authors have demonstrated that how inherent properties of implementation under test can be used to generate an automatic test oracle for image processing applications. Metamorphic testing is a general technique in which follow-up test cases are generated using a transformation function and the anticipated output is evaluated. They have used some general metamorphic relations and also designed some algorithm specific metamorphic relations for morphological image operations. Selection of metamorphic relations is the most important step and the authors have analyzed relative effectiveness of different metamorphic relations using mutation analysis. The results show metamorphic testing is a very effective technique to automate output images evaluation and to alleviate oracle problem.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

SADI, MD SHAIK, FEI-CHING KUO, JOSHUA W. K. HO, MICHAEL A. CHARLESTON, and T. Y. CHEN. "VERIFICATION OF PHYLOGENETIC INFERENCE PROGRAMS USING METAMORPHIC TESTING." Journal of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology 09, no. 06 (December 2011): 729–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021972001100563x.

Full text

Abstract:

Many phylogenetic inference programs are available to infer evolutionary relationships among taxa using aligned sequences of characters, typically DNA or amino acids. These programs are often used to infer the evolutionary history of species. However, in most cases it is impossible to systematically verify the correctness of the tree returned by these programs, as the correct evolutionary history is generally unknown and unknowable. In addition, it is nearly impossible to verify whether any non-trivial tree is correct in accordance to the specification of the often complicated search and scoring algorithms. This difficulty is known as the oracle problem of software testing: there is no oracle that we can use to verify the correctness of the returned tree. This makes it very challenging to test the correctness of any phylogenetic inference programs. Here, we demonstrate how to apply a simple software testing technique, called Metamorphic Testing, to alleviate the oracle problem in testing phylogenetic inference programs. We have used both real and randomly generated test inputs to evaluate the effectiveness of metamorphic testing, and found that metamorphic testing can detect failures effectively in faulty phylogenetic inference programs with both types of test inputs.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

MERKEL, ROBERT, DAOMING WANG, HUIMIN LIN, and TSONG YUEH CHEN. "AUTOMATIC VERIFICATION OF OPTIMIZATION ALGORITHMS: A CASE STUDY OF A QUADRATIC ASSIGNMENT PROBLEM SOLVER." International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering 21, no. 02 (March 2011): 289–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021819401100527x.

Full text

Abstract:

Metamorphic testing is a technique for the verification of software output without a complete testing oracle. Mathematical optimization, implemented in software, is a problem for which verification can often be challenging. In this paper, we apply metamorphic testing to one such optimization problem, the quadratic assignment problem (QAP). From simple observations of the properties of the QAP, we describe how to derive a number of metamorphic relations useful for verifying the correctness of a QAP solver. We then compare the effectiveness of these metamorphic relations, in "killing" mutant versions of an exact QAP solver, to a simulated oracle. We show that metamorphic testing can be as effective as the simulated oracle for killing mutants. We examine the relative effectiveness of different metamorphic relations, both singly and in combination, and conclude that combining metamorphic relations can be significantly more effective than using a single relation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Yang, Rui, Zhenyu Chen, Zhiyi Zhang, and Baowen Xu. "EFSM-Based Test Case Generation: Sequence, Data, and Oracle." International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering 25, no. 04 (May 2015): 633–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218194015300018.

Full text

Abstract:

Model-based testing has been intensively and extensively studied in the past decades. Extended Finite State Machine (EFSM) is a widely used model of software testing in both academy and industry. This paper provides a survey on EFSM-based test case generation techniques in the last two decades. All techniques in EFSM-based test case generation are mainly classified into three parts: test sequence generation, test data generation, and test oracle construction. The key challenges, such as coverage criterion and feasibility analysis in EFSM-based test case generation are discussed. Finally, we summarize the research work and present several possible research areas in the future.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Ye, Mao, Boqin Feng, and Li Zhu. "Automated Oracle Based on Multi-Weighted Neural Networks for GUI Testing." Information Technology Journal 6, no. 3 (March 15, 2007): 370–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/itj.2007.370.375.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Lu, Ying, and Mao Ye. "Oracle Model Based on RBF Neural Networks for Automated Software Testing." Information Technology Journal 6, no. 3 (March 15, 2007): 469–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/itj.2007.469.474.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Hui, Zhanwei, Song Huang, Zhengping Ren, and Yi Yao. "Metamorphic Testing Integer Overflow Faults of Mission Critical Program: A Case Study." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2013 (2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/381389.

Full text

Abstract:

For mission critical programs, integer overflow is one of the most dangerous faults. Different testing methods provide several effective ways to detect the defect. However, it is hard to validate the testing outputs, because the oracle of testing is not always available or too expensive to get, unless the program throws an exception obviously. In the present study, the authors conduct a case study, where the authors apply a metamorphic testing (MT) method to detect the integer overflow defect and alleviate the oracle problem in testing critical program of Traffic Collision Avoidance System (TCAS). Experimental results show that, in revealing typical integer mutations, compared with traditional safety property testing method, MT with a novel symbolic metamorphic relation is more effective than the traditional method in some cases.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Padgham, L., Zhiyong Zhang, J. Thangarajah, and T. Miller. "Model-Based Test Oracle Generation for Automated Unit Testing of Agent Systems." IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering 39, no. 9 (September 2013): 1230–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tse.2013.10.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Moelans, Cathy B., Robby E. Kibbelaar, Marius C. van den Heuvel, Domenico Castigliego, Roel A. de Weger, and Paul J. van Diest. "Validation of a Fully Automated HER2 Staining Kit in Breast Cancer." Analytical Cellular Pathology 32, no. 1-2 (January 1, 2010): 149–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/754867.

Full text

Abstract:

Background: Testing for HER2 amplification and/or overexpression is currently routine practice to guide Herceptin therapy in invasive breast cancer. At present, HER2 status is most commonly assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Standardization of HER2 IHC assays is of utmost clinical and economical importance. At present, HER2 IHC is most commonly performed with the HercepTest which contains a polyclonal antibody and applies a manual staining procedure. Analytical variability in HER2 IHC testing could be diminished by a fully automatic staining system with a monoclonal antibody.Materials and Methods: 219 invasive breast cancers were fully automatically stained with the monoclonal antibody-based Oracle HER2 Bond IHC kit and manually with the HercepTest. All cases were tested for amplification with chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH).Results: HercepTest yielded an overall sharper membrane staining, with less cytoplasmic and stromal background than Oracle in 17% of cases. Overall concordance between both IHC techniques was 89% (195/219) with a kappa value of 0.776 (95% CI 0.698–0.854), indicating a substantial agreement. Most (22/24) discrepancies between HercepTest and Oracle showed a weaker staining for Oracle. Thirteen of the 24 discrepant cases were high-level HER2 amplified by CISH, and in 12 of these HercepTest IHC better reflected gene amplification status. All the 13 HER2 amplified discrepant cases were at least 2+ by HercepTest, while 10/13 of these were at least 2+ for Oracle. Considering CISH as gold standard, sensitivity of HercepTest and Oracle was 91% and 83%, and specificity was 94% and 98%, respectively. Positive and negative predictive values for HercepTest and Oracle were 90% and 95% for HercepTest and 96% and 91% for Oracle, respectively.Conclusion: Fully-automated HER2 staining with the monoclonal antibody in the Oracle kit shows a high level of agreement with manual staining by the polyclonal antibody in the HercepTest. Although Oracle shows in general some more cytoplasmic staining and may be slightly less sensitive in picking up HER2 amplified cases, it shows a higher specificity and may be considered as an alternative method to evaluate the HER2 expression in breast cancer with potentially less analytical variability.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

GUDERLEI, RALPH, and JOHANNES MAYER. "TOWARDS AUTOMATIC TESTING OF IMAGING SOFTWARE BY MEANS OF RANDOM AND METAMORPHIC TESTING." International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering 17, no. 06 (December 2007): 757–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218194007003471.

Full text

Abstract:

Testing of imaging software is a challenging task, which is usually done manually. For this purpose, well-known test images are generally used whose expected output can be specified in advance or the actual result is visually inspected by the tester. In the present paper, an approach is described that allows to test imaging software fully automatically. Several random models are proposed for test data generation. Metamorphic relations are presented that can be used to generate follow-up test cases and evaluate the result. The models for test data generation and the oracle solutions are compared using mutation analysis. The presented approach is quite generally applicable in the field of imaging software.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

BARKER, ELTON. "PAGING THE ORACLE: INTERPRETATION, IDENTITY AND PERFORMANCE IN HERODOTUS' HISTORY." Greece and Rome 53, no. 1 (April 2006): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0017383506000015.

Full text

Abstract:

In his early Byzantine Chronicle, Johannes Malalas fills out the figure of Cyrus, Croesus' silent antagonist in Herodotus. While Croesus is consulting the Delphic oracle, Cyrus enjoys a quite different divine audience:And the prophet Daniel came to the King of the Persians, Cyrus. And Cyrus says to him: ‘Tell me, am I going to conquer Croesus King of the Lydians?’When the Christian prophet hesitates, Cyrus throws him to the lions – only swiftly to repent. Daniel returns the favour by confirming that Cyrus will defeat Croesus because God breaks the ‘might of kings’. Malalas' version of divine counselling clearly draws on Christian moralizing traditions; but it also flags up the confrontation between the powerful king and the word of god in Herodotus' narrativisation of Croesus' downfall. At the same time, however, it offers a radically different interpretative model. Here we don't just have a Croesus consulting the oracle and failing to comprehend it; Cyrus is told what will happen – and why – by the prophet Daniel! From Croesus (mis)reading the oracle to Cyrus receiving instruction from God, narrative dynamics have undergone a fundamental shift. It's now the gospel…Scholarship on Croesus testing Delphi, and on oracles more generally, has tended to focus on reconstructing the ‘original’ oracular texts and assessing Herodotus' role as a historian (in the modern sense of the word) in the light of how accurate his record is deemed to be. Notwithstanding the fact that such positivist approaches to historical writing have been challenged and that recent studies have been far more nuanced, the oracles themselves remain the focus of investigation. In tracing their ‘changing representations’ I want to look exclusively at how they function within Herodotus' narrative.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Bolotsky, Adam, Ritvik Muralidharan, Derrick Butler, Kayla Root, William Murray, Zhiwen Liu, and Aida Ebrahimi. "Organic redox-active crystalline layers for reagent-free electrochemical antibiotic susceptibility testing (ORACLE-AST)." Biosensors and Bioelectronics 172 (January 2021): 112615. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2020.112615.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Thonemann, Peter. "Croesus and the Oracles." Journal of Hellenic Studies 136 (2016): 152–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0075426916000112.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract:Herodotus’ narrative of the testing of various Greek oracles by King Croesus of Lydia (1.46–54) has long been viewed with justifiable scepticism. A newly published verse dedication from the sanctuary of Apollo Ismenios at Thebes (Papazarkadas 2014: 233–48) sheds welcome light on Herodotus’ sources for this part of his Croesus-narrative. Herodotus’ account of Croesus’ testing of the oracle of Amphiaraus at Thebes appears to have been an imaginative extrapolation from the text of this inscription. But there is good reason to believe that Herodotus significantly misinterpreted the historical context and significance of the epigraphic text he had before him; in particular, the real author of the dedication is unlikely to have been King Croesus of Lydia, and may instead have been an Athenian aristocrat of the Alcmaeonid family. The new inscription from Thebes sheds light both on Herodotus’ use of documentary evidence and on the creative misreading of early epigraphic texts by Theban sanctuary personnel in the mid fifth century BC.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Hooda, Itti, and R. S. Chhillar. "Test Case Optimization and Redundancy Reduction Using GA and Neural Networks." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 8, no. 6 (December 1, 2018): 5449. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v8i6.pp5449-5456.

Full text

Abstract:

More than 50% of software development effort is spent in testing phase in a typical software development project. Test case design as well as execution consume a lot of time. Hence, automated generation of test cases is highly required. Here a novel testing methodology is being presented to test object-oriented software based on UML state chart diagrams. In this approach, function minimization technique is being applied and generate test cases automatically from UML state chart diagrams. Software testing forms an integral part of the software development life cycle. Since the objective of testing is to ensure the conformity of an application to its specification, a test “oracle” is needed to determine whether a given test case exposes a fault or not. An automated oracle to support the activities of human testers can reduce the actual cost of the testing process and the related maintenance costs. In this paper, a new concept is being presented using an UML state chart diagram and tables for the test case generation, artificial neural network as an optimization tool for reducing the redundancy in the test case generated using the genetic algorithm. A neural network is trained by the back-propagation algorithm on a set of test cases applied to the original version of the system.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Lee, Jihyun, and Sungwon Kang. "Case Study Investigation of the Fault Detection and Error Locating Effects of Architecture-based Software Testing." International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering 30, no. 02 (February 2020): 191–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218194020500096.

Full text

Abstract:

For software testing, it is well known that the architecture of a software system can be utilized to enhance testability, fault detection and error locating. However, how much and what effects architecture-based software testing has on software testing have been rarely studied. Thus, this paper undertakes case study investigation of the effects of architecture-based software testing specifically with respect to fault detection and error locating. Through comparing the outcomes with the conventional testing approaches that are not based on test architectures, we confirm the effectiveness of architecture-based software testing with respect to fault detection and error locating. The case studies show that using test architecture can improve fault detection rate by 44.1%–88.5% and reduce error locating time by 3%–65.2%, compared to the conventional testing that does not rely on test architecture. With regard to error locating, the scope of relevant components or statements was narrowed by leveraging test architecture for approximately 77% of the detected faults. We also show that architecture-based testing could provide a means of defining an exact oracle or oracles with range values. This study shows by way of case studies the extent to which architecture-based software testing can facilitate detecting certain types of faults and locating the errors that cause such faults. In addition, we discuss the contributing factors of architecture-based software testing which enable such enhancement in fault detection and error locating.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Jiang, Mingyue, Tsong Yueh Chen, Fei-Ching Kuo, Dave Towey, and Zuohua Ding. "A metamorphic testing approach for supporting program repair without the need for a test oracle." Journal of Systems and Software 126 (April 2017): 127–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2016.04.002.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Solarz, Arkadiusz, and Tomasz Szymczyk. "Oracle 19c, SQL Server 2019, Postgresql 12 and MySQL 8 database systems comparison." Journal of Computer Sciences Institute 17 (December 30, 2020): 373–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.35784/jcsi.2281.

Full text

Abstract:

This article presents a comparative analysis of four popular database technologies. Commercial Oracle Database and SQL Server systems are compared with open source database management systems: PostgreSQL and MySQL. These systems have been available on the market for over a dozen years. Versions released in 2019 were selected for testing and comparasion. For the purposes of the comparative analysis, a database schema was developed and instantiated. Then, test scenarios were developed. They were prepared on the basis of the most popular operations performed with the use of database systems.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Nindito, Hendro, Evaristus Didik Madyatmadja, and Albert Verasius Dian Sano. "Replikasi Unidirectional pada Heterogen Database." ComTech: Computer, Mathematics and Engineering Applications 4, no. 2 (December 31, 2013): 1280. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/comtech.v4i2.2656.

Full text

Abstract:

The use of diverse database technology in enterprise today can not be avoided. Thus, technology is needed to generate information in real time. The purpose of this research is to discuss a database replication technology that can be applied in heterogeneous database environments. In this study we use Windows-basedMS SQL Server database to Linux-based Oracle database as the goal. The research method used is prototyping where development can be done quickly and testing of working models of the interaction process is done through repeated. From this research it is obtained that the database replication technolgy using Oracle Golden Gate can be applied in heterogeneous environments in real time as well.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Riccio, Vincenzo, Gunel Jahangirova, Andrea Stocco, Nargiz Humbatova, Michael Weiss, and Paolo Tonella. "Testing machine learning based systems: a systematic mapping." Empirical Software Engineering 25, no. 6 (September 15, 2020): 5193–254. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10664-020-09881-0.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Context: A Machine Learning based System (MLS) is a software system including one or more components that learn how to perform a task from a given data set. The increasing adoption of MLSs in safety critical domains such as autonomous driving, healthcare, and finance has fostered much attention towards the quality assurance of such systems. Despite the advances in software testing, MLSs bring novel and unprecedented challenges, since their behaviour is defined jointly by the code that implements them and the data used for training them. Objective: To identify the existing solutions for functional testing of MLSs, and classify them from three different perspectives: (1) the context of the problem they address, (2) their features, and (3) their empirical evaluation. To report demographic information about the ongoing research. To identify open challenges for future research. Method: We conducted a systematic mapping study about testing techniques for MLSs driven by 33 research questions. We followed existing guidelines when defining our research protocol so as to increase the repeatability and reliability of our results. Results: We identified 70 relevant primary studies, mostly published in the last years. We identified 11 problems addressed in the literature. We investigated multiple aspects of the testing approaches, such as the used/proposed adequacy criteria, the algorithms for test input generation, and the test oracles. Conclusions: The most active research areas in MLS testing address automated scenario/input generation and test oracle creation. MLS testing is a rapidly growing and developing research area, with many open challenges, such as the generation of realistic inputs and the definition of reliable evaluation metrics and benchmarks.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Leskó, Dániel, and Máté Tejfel. "Testing framework for embedded languages." Computer Science and Information Systems 10, no. 4 (2013): 1647–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/csis130115069l.

Full text

Abstract:

Embedding a new programming language into an existing one is a widely used technique, because it fastens the development process and gives a part of a language infrastructure for free (e.g. lexical, syntactical analyzers). In this paper we are presenting a new advantage of this development approach regarding to adding testing support for these new languages. Tool support for testing is a crucial point for a newly designed programming language. It could be done in the hard way by creating a testing tool from scratch, or we could try to reuse existing testing tools by extending them with an interface to our new language. The second approach requires less work, and also it fits very well for the embedded approach. The problem is that the creation of such interfaces is not straightforward at all, because the existing testing tools are mostly not designed to be extendable and to be able to deal with new languages. This paper presents an extendable and modular model of a testing framework, in which the most basic design decision was to keep the - previously mentioned - interface creation simple and straightforward. Other important aspects of our model are the test data generation, the oracle problem and the customizability of the whole testing phase.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Reid, Victoria Ann, Mark W. Schwartz, Sonia Kumar, Yvonne Alexandra White, and Rosemary Mazanet. "Bond oracle HER2 IHC assay for identifying low to intermediate HER2-expressing breast cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 31, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2013): e11509-e11509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2013.31.15_suppl.e11509.

Full text

Abstract:

e11509 Background: HER2 targeted therapies are effective treatment for breast tumors that overexpress the HER2 protein to a high level (IHC score of 3+) or have amplification of the HER2 gene (HER2/CEP17 >2). However, the majority of breast tumors exhibit low to intermediate expression of HER2 (IHC 1+ and 2+), for which there are limited treatment options. A new cancer vaccine candidate, E75 or nelipepimut-S, offers prevention of reoccurrence in these patients by generating a specific immune response to a HER2 peptide. To date, no companion diagnostic test is validated to differentiate HER2 at these levels of expression. The BOND Oracle HER2 IHC assay (Leica Biosystems) is being validated to reliably identify IHC HER2 1+ and 2+ cases by correlating to independent analytical measures of HER2 expression. Methods: Quantitative PCR was used to determine HER2 DNA copy number and mRNA expression in eight breast cancer cell lines spanning HER2 IHC scores of 0 to 3+ and 45 formalin fixed, paraffin embedded (FFPE) invasive breast tumor samples. HER2 receptor load was determined for the eight cell lines by flow cytometry. Data was correlated to HER2 expression levels as determined by manual interpretation using the BOND Oracle HER2 IHC assay. Results: Previous testing by Leica Biosystems (Table) demonstrates the relationship between HER2 receptor load, HER2 copy number, and HER2 IHC status on four assay control breast cancer cell lines. Preliminary results also show that HER2 mRNA expression correlates with IHC staining with the BOND Oracle HER2 IHC Assay in FFPE breast cancer tissue samples. Conclusions: Improving the discrimination of HER2 protein expression (IHC 1+, 2+) using the Bond Oracle HER2 IHC assay in breast cancer tumors will identify patients for new treatments in development such as E75. [Table: see text]

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Mérai, László. "Values of rational functions in small subgroups of finite fields and the identity testing problem from powers." International Journal of Number Theory 16, no. 02 (September 18, 2019): 219–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793042120500128.

Full text

Abstract:

Motivated by some algorithmic problems, we give lower bounds on the size of the multiplicative groups containing rational function images of low-dimensional affine subspaces of a finite field [Formula: see text] considered as a linear space over a subfield [Formula: see text]. We apply this to the recently introduced algorithmic problem of identity testing of “hidden” polynomials [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] over a high degree extension of a finite field, given oracle access to [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text].

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Wu, Tingting, Yunwei Dong, Yu Zhang, and Aziz Singa. "ExtendAIST: Exploring the Space of AI-in-the-Loop System Testing." Applied Sciences 10, no. 2 (January 10, 2020): 518. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10020518.

Full text

Abstract:

The AI-in-the-loop system (AIS) has been widely used in various autonomous decision and control systems, such as computing vision, autonomous vehicle, and collision avoidance systems. AIS generates and updates control strategies through learning algorithms, which make the control behaviors non-deterministic and bring about the test oracle problem in AIS testing procedure. The traditional system mainly concerns about properties of safety, reliability, and real-time, while AIS concerns more about the correctness, robustness, and stiffness of system. To perform an AIS testing with the existing testing techniques according to the testing requirements, this paper presents an extendable framework of AI-in-the-loop system testing by exploring the key steps involved in the testing procedure, named ExtendAIST, which contributes to define the execution steps of ExtendAIST and design space of testing techniques. Furthermore, the ExtendAIST framework provides three concerns for AIS testing, which include: (a) the extension points; (b) sub-extension points; and (c) existing techniques commonly present in each point. Therefore, testers can obtain the testing strategy using existing techniques directly for corresponding testing requirements or extend more techniques based on these extension points.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Guzzi, Francesco, Luca De Bortoli, Romina Soledad Molina, Stefano Marsi, Sergio Carrato, and Giovanni Ramponi. "Distillation of an End-to-End Oracle for Face Verification and Recognition Sensors." Sensors 20, no. 5 (March 2, 2020): 1369. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20051369.

Full text

Abstract:

Face recognition functions are today exploited through biometric sensors in many applications, from extended security systems to inclusion devices; deep neural network methods are reaching in this field stunning performances. The main limitation of the deep learning approach is an inconvenient relation between the accuracy of the results and the needed computing power. When a personal device is employed, in particular, many algorithms require a cloud computing approach to achieve the expected performances; other algorithms adopt models that are simple by design. A third viable option consists of model (oracle) distillation. This is the most intriguing among the compression techniques since it permits to devise of the minimal structure that will enforce the same I/O relation as the original model. In this paper, a distillation technique is applied to a complex model, enabling the introduction of fast state-of-the-art recognition capabilities on a low-end hardware face recognition sensor module. Two distilled models are presented in this contribution: the former can be directly used in place of the original oracle, while the latter incarnates better the end-to-end approach, removing the need for a separate alignment procedure. The presented biometric systems are examined on the two problems of face verification and face recognition in an open set by using well-agreed training/testing methodologies and datasets.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Abrecht, Stephanie, Lydia Gauerhof, Christoph Gladisch, Konrad Groh, Christian Heinzemann, and Matthias Woehrle. "Testing Deep Learning-based Visual Perception for Automated Driving." ACM Transactions on Cyber-Physical Systems 5, no. 4 (October 31, 2021): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3450356.

Full text

Abstract:

Due to the impressive performance of deep neural networks (DNNs) for visual perception, there is an increased demand for their use in automated systems. However, to use deep neural networks in practice, novel approaches are needed, e.g., for testing. In this work, we focus on the question of how to test deep learning-based visual perception functions for automated driving. Classical approaches for testing are not sufficient: A purely statistical approach based on a dataset split is not enough, as testing needs to address various purposes and not only average case performance. Additionally, a complete specification is elusive due to the complexity of the perception task in the open context of automated driving. In this article, we review and discuss existing work on testing DNNs for visual perception with a special focus on automated driving for test input and test oracle generation as well as test adequacy. We conclude that testing of DNNs in this domain requires several diverse test sets. We show how such tests sets can be constructed based on the presented approaches addressing different purposes based on the presented methods and identify open research questions.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Gu, Jiaying, and Shu Shen. "Oracle and adaptive false discovery rate controlling methods for one‐sided testing: theory and application in treatment effect evaluation." Econometrics Journal 21, no. 1 (August 25, 2017): 11–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ectj.12092.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

De Marco, Gianluca, and Evangelos Kranakis. "Searching for majority with k-tuple queries." Discrete Mathematics, Algorithms and Applications 07, no. 02 (May 25, 2015): 1550009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793830915500093.

Full text

Abstract:

Diagnosing the quality of components in fault-tolerant computer systems often requires numerous tests with limited resources. It is usually the case that repeated tests on a selected, limited number of components are performed and the results are taken into account so as to infer a diagnostic property of the computer system as a whole. In this paper we abstract fault-tolerant testing as the following problem concerning the color of the majority in a set of colored balls. Given a set of balls each colored with one of two colors, the majority problem is to determine whether or not there is a majority in one of the two colors. In case there is such a majority, the aim is to output a ball of the majority color, otherwise to declare that there is no majority. We propose algorithms for solving the majority problem by repeatedly testing only k-tuple queries. Namely, successive answers of an oracle (which accepts as input only k-tuples) to a sequence of k-tuple queries are assembled so as to determine whether or not the majority problem has a solution. An issue is to design an algorithm which minimizes the number of k-tuple queries needed in order to solve the majority problem on any possible input of n balls. In this paper we consider three querying models: Output, Counting, and General, reflecting the amount and type of information provided by the oracle on each test for a k-tuple.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Zhang, Qingyang. "Testing Differential Gene Networks under Nonparanormal Graphical Models with False Discovery Rate Control." Genes 11, no. 2 (February 5, 2020): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes11020167.

Full text

Abstract:

The nonparanormal graphical model has emerged as an important tool for modeling dependency structure between variables because it is flexible to non-Gaussian data while maintaining the good interpretability and computational convenience of Gaussian graphical models. In this paper, we consider the problem of detecting differential substructure between two nonparanormal graphical models with false discovery rate control. We construct a new statistic based on a truncated estimator of the unknown transformation functions, together with a bias-corrected sample covariance. Furthermore, we show that the new test statistic converges to the same distribution as its oracle counterpart does. Both synthetic data and real cancer genomic data are used to illustrate the promise of the new method. Our proposed testing framework is simple and scalable, facilitating its applications to large-scale data. The computational pipeline has been implemented in the R package DNetFinder, which is freely available through the Comprehensive R Archive Network.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

BHATTACHARYYA, ARNAB, ELENA GRIGORESCU, PRASAD RAGHAVENDRA, and ASAF SHAPIRA. "Testing Odd-Cycle-Freeness in Boolean Functions." Combinatorics, Probability and Computing 21, no. 6 (August 10, 2012): 835–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963548312000363.

Full text

Abstract:

A function f: 2n → {0,1} is odd-cycle-free if there are no x1,. . .,xk ∈ 2n with k an odd integer such that f(x1) = ··· = f(xk) = 1 and x1 + ··· + xk = 0. We show that one can distinguish odd-cycle-free functions from those ε-far from being odd-cycle-free by making poly(1/ε) queries to an evaluation oracle. We give two proofs of this result, each shedding light on a different connection between testability of properties of Boolean functions and of dense graphs.The first issue we study is directly reducing testing of linear-invariant properties of Boolean functions to testing associated graph properties. We show a black-box reduction from testing odd-cycle-freeness to testing bipartiteness of graphs. Such reductions have already been shown (Král’, Serra and Vena, and Shapira) for monotone linear-invariant properties defined by forbidding solutions to a finite number of equations. But for odd-cycle-freeness whose description involves an infinite number of forbidden equations, a reduction to graph property testing was not previously known. If one could show such a reduction more generally for any linear-invariant property closed under restrictions to subspaces, then it would likely lead to a characterization of the one-sided testable linear-invariant properties, an open problem raised by Sudan.The second issue we study is whether there is an efficient canonical tester for linear-invariant properties of Boolean functions. A canonical tester for linear-invariant properties operates by picking a random linear subspace and then checking whether the restriction of the input function to the subspace satisfies a fixed property. The question is if, for every linear-invariant property, there is a canonical tester for which there is only a polynomial blow-up from the optimal query complexity. We answer the question affirmatively for odd-cycle-freeness. The general question remains open.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Liu, Li Lan, Xue Wei Liu, Chao Liu, Sen Wang, and Wei Zhou. "The Research and Application on Advanced Hot Rolling Scheduling System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 741 (March 2015): 869–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.741.869.

Full text

Abstract:

Complex constraints, huge energy consumption and many other factors lead to the difficulty in hot rolling scheduling. This paper propose a new system to solve this scheduling problem. In order to meet the demand of an independent hot rolling plant, this system includes almost all functions in a scheduling process. C# and C++ is used to develop UI and intelligent algorithm. Oracle database and ADO.net is used respectively in data storage and connection with UI and algorithm. By integrating with Crystal Report, the change trend of relevant parameters can be seen and analyzed visually, which is convenient for modifying and improving. Through testing with some data selected from one hot rolling plant, usability is validated.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Hartati, Sri, Novi Ayu Kristiana Dewi, Dwi Puastuti, Muhamad Muslihudin, and Nofiko Setio Budi. "Sistem Aplikasi EDUCHAT STMIK PRINGSEWU Berbasis ANDROID Sebagai Media Komunikasi dan Informasi." Jurnal Nasional Teknologi dan Sistem Informasi 3, no. 1 (May 2, 2017): 143–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/teknosi.v3i1.2017.143-152.

Full text

Abstract:

Aplikasi Berbagi Pesan merupakan sebuah media komunikasi pendidikan yang membantu STMIK Pringsewu dalam menjalin laju komunikasi di antara berbagai pihak yang terkait didalam proses perkuliahan di STMIK Pringsewu. Aplikasi Berbagi Pesan ini mempercepat proses komunikasi yang pada awalnya terjadi secara konvensional menjadi lebih modern (berbasis web dan android), sehingga komunikasi yang terjadi lebih mudah tersampaikan kepada mahasiswa dan dosen yang ada dilingkungan stmik pringsewu. Teknologi yang digunakan dalam mengembangkan aplikasi educhat menggunkan bahasa pemrograman PHP, Javascript, HTML, CSS ,MySql(untuk servis database) yang digabungkan dengan pemrograman Android. Dalam Pengembangan aplikasi ini, mengembangkan system menggunakan tahapan waterfall yang memiliki beberapa langkah serta tahapan-tahapan. Diantaranya Perencanaan, Analisis, Desain, Implemantasi, Testing dan Perawatan dengan konsep Reseach and Development. Dari hasil ujicobakan dengan mahasiswa dan dosen dengan menggunakan sample 100 orang mahasiswa dan Dosen system informasi yang terdiri dari 3 kelas yaitu kelas oracle 2 sebanyak 33 mahasiswa, kelas website 1 sebanyak 35 mahasiswa dan kelas you tube 1 sebanyak 31 mahasiswa. Sedangkan dosen menggunakan sampel 4 Dosen. Dari quisioner yang di sebarkan didapat hasil 80,5 % (+ 26) mahasiswa kelas oracle 2 menyukai, 84.5 % (+ 29 )kelas website 1 menyukai, 82.5% (+ 25) kelas you tube 1 menyukai dan 100 % (4) Dosen menyukai aplikasi yang di kembangkan. Dengan persentasi hasil pengujian maka dapat disimpulkan Aplikasi ini dapat digunakan sebagai sarana pendidikan di STMIK Pringsewu karena cepat, efektif dan efisien

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Xiang, Zhenglong, Hongrun Wu, and Fei Yu. "A Genetic Algorithm-Based Approach for Composite Metamorphic Relations Construction." Information 10, no. 12 (December 10, 2019): 392. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info10120392.

Full text

Abstract:

The test oracle problem exists widely in modern complex software testing, and metamorphic testing (MT) has become a promising testing technique to alleviate this problem. The inference of efficient metamorphic relations (MRs) is the core problem of metamorphic testing. Studies have proven that the combination of simple metamorphic relations can construct more efficient metamorphic relations. In most previous studies, metamorphic relations have been mainly manually inferred by experts with professional knowledge, which is an inefficient technique and hinders the application. In this paper, a genetic algorithm-based approach is proposed to construct composite metamorphic relations automatically for the program to be tested. We use a set of relation sequences to represent a particular class of MRs and turn the problem of inferring composite MRs into a problem of searching for suitable sequences. We then dynamically implement multiple executions of the program and use a genetic algorithm to search for the optimal set of relation sequences. We conducted empirical studies to evaluate our approach using scientific functions in the GNU scientific library (abbreviated as GSL). From the empirical results, our approach can automatically infer high-quality composite MRs, on average, five times more than basic MRs. More importantly, the inferred composite MRs can increase the fault detection capabilities by at least 30 % more than the original metamorphic relations.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Sung, Kyungbok, Kyoung-Wook Min, Jeongdan Choi, and Byung-Cheol Kim. "A Formal and Quantifiable Log Analysis Framework for Test Driving of Autonomous Vehicles." Sensors 20, no. 5 (March 2, 2020): 1356. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20051356.

Full text

Abstract:

We propose a log analysis framework for test driving of autonomous vehicles. The log of a vehicle is a fundamental source to detect and analyze events during driving. A set of dumped logs are, however, usually mixed and fragmented since they are generated concurrently by a number of modules such as sensors, actuators and programs. This makes it hard to analyze them to discover latent errors that could occur due to complex chain reactions among those modules. Our framework provides a logging architecture based on formal specifications, which hierarchically organizes them to find out a priori relationships between them. Then, algorithmic or implementation errors can be detected by examining a posteriori relationships. However, a test in a situation of certain parameters, so called an oracle test, does not necessarily trigger latent violations of the relationships. In our framework, this is remedied by adopting metamorphic testing to quantitatively verify the formal specification. As a working proof, we define three metamorphic relations critical for testing autonomous vehicles and verify them in a quantitative manner based on our logging system.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Li, Chen Liang. "Algorithm Implementation and Method of Virtual Meshing Division of Complex Blade." Applied Mechanics and Materials 543-547 (March 2014): 3577–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.543-547.3577.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper uses the ORACLE database system and Ballista testing tools to set up the virtual simulation platform of computer network, and to establish the mathematical model and algorithm of network virtual reality. In order to validate the validity and reliability of the designed model and algorithm in this paper, we carry out the numerical simulated experiment with NI cDAQ chassis, four channels data acquisition card and B-PLC network card and other hardware equipments, which has successfully divided the virtual grid of the complex blade, and from the system test, we can find that the hardware system has improved the performance of network transmission, and the quality of network video transmission. Finally, we apply the computer simulation system to the practice platform of network democracy, and introduces the democratic politics video conference and the network democratic political opinion box system in the platform.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Gold, Heather Taffet, Raj J. Karia, Alissa Link, Rachel Lebwohl, Joseph D. Zuckerman, Thomas J. Errico, James D. Slover, Aaron J. Buckland, Devin M. Mann, and Michael N. Cantor. "Implementation and early adaptation of patient-reported outcome measures into an electronic health record: A technical report." Health Informatics Journal 26, no. 1 (December 5, 2018): 129–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1460458218813710.

Full text

Abstract:

We integrated and optimized patient-reported outcome measures into the electronic health record to provide quantitative, objective data regarding patients’ health status, which is important for patient care, payer contracts, and research. With a multidisciplinary team from information technology, clinical informatics, population health, and physician champions, we used formal human–computer interaction techniques and user-centered design to integrate several technology platforms and computerized adaptive testing for the National Institutes of Health Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System. The patient-reported outcome measure system leverages software frequently used by health systems and provides data for research and clinical care via a mobile-responsive web application using Symfony, with REDCap for configuring assessments and de-identified data storage. The system incorporates Oracle databases and Epic flowsheets. Patients complete patient-reported outcome measures, with data viewable in MyChart and Epic Synopsis Reports. Researchers can access data portals. The highly usable, successful patient-reported outcome measures platform is acceptable to patients and clinicians and achieved 73 percent overall completion rates.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Iacone, Fabrizio, Stephen J. Leybourne, and A. M. Robert Taylor. "TESTING THE ORDER OF FRACTIONAL INTEGRATION OF A TIME SERIES IN THE POSSIBLE PRESENCE OF A TREND BREAK AT AN UNKNOWN POINT." Econometric Theory 35, no. 6 (November 16, 2018): 1201–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266466618000361.

Full text

Abstract:

We develop a test, based on the Lagrange multiplier [LM] testing principle, for the value of the long memory parameter of a univariate time series that is composed of a fractionally integrated shock around a potentially broken deterministic trend. Our proposed test is constructed from data which are de-trended allowing for a trend break whose (unknown) location is estimated by a standard residual sum of squares estimator applied either to the levels or first differences of the data, depending on the value specified for the long memory parameter under the null hypothesis. We demonstrate that the resulting LM-type statistic has a standard limiting null chi-squared distribution with one degree of freedom, and attains the same asymptotic local power function as an infeasible LM test based on the true shocks. Our proposed test therefore attains the same asymptotic local optimality properties as an oracle LM test in both the trend break and no trend break environments. Moreover, this asymptotic local power function does not alter between the break and no break cases and so there is no loss in asymptotic local power from allowing for a trend break at an unknown point in the sample, even in the case where no break is present. We also report the results from a Monte Carlo study into the finite-sample behaviour of our proposed test.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Schultz, Anne-Marie. "Colloquium 5 Socrates on Socrates: Looking Back to Bring Philosophy Forward." Proceedings of the Boston Area Colloquium of Ancient Philosophy 30, no. 1 (May 7, 2015): 123–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134417-00301p14.

Full text

Abstract:

In this paper, I explore three autobiographical narratives that Plato’s Socrates tells: his report of his conversations with Diotima (Symposium 201d–212b), his account of his testing of the Delphic oracle (Apology 21a–23a), and his description of his turn from naturalistic philosophy to his own method of inquiry (Phaedo 96a–100b).1 This Platonic Socrates shows his auditors how to philosophize for the future through a narrative recollection of his own past. In these stories, Plato presents us with an image of a Socrates who prepares others to do philosophy without him. In doing so, Plato’s Socrates exhibits philosophical care for his students. In the first part of the paper, I briefly discuss Socrates’ overall narrative style as Plato depicts it in the five dialogues that Socrates narrates. I then analyze each of these autobiographical accounts with an eye toward uncovering what they reveal about Plato’s presentation of Socrates’ philosophical practice.2 Finally, I offer a brief description of what it might mean to practice philosophy as care for self and care for others in a Socratic fashion.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Journal articles on the topic 'Testing oracle'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles