Academic literature on the topic 'Testlet response theory'
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Journal articles on the topic "Testlet response theory"
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Jiao, Hong, and Manqian Liao. "Digital Module 25: Testlet Response Theory." Educational Measurement: Issues and Practice 40, no. 2 (2021): 110–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/emip.12438.
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Fukuhara, Hirotaka, and Akihito Kamata. "A Bifactor Multidimensional Item Response Theory Model for Differential Item Functioning Analysis on Testlet-Based Items." Applied Psychological Measurement 35, no. 8 (2011): 604–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146621611428447.
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A differential item functioning (DIF) detection method for testlet-based data was proposed and evaluated in this study. The proposed DIF model is an extension of a bifactor multidimensional item response theory (MIRT) model for testlets. Unlike traditional item response theory (IRT) DIF models, the proposed model takes testlet effects into account, thus estimating DIF magnitude appropriately when a test is composed of testlets. A fully Bayesian estimation method was adopted for parameter estimation. The recovery of parameters was evaluated for the proposed DIF model. Simulation results revealed that the proposed bifactor MIRT DIF model produced better estimates of DIF magnitude and higher DIF detection rates than the traditional IRT DIF model for all simulation conditions. A real data analysis was also conducted by applying the proposed DIF model to a statewide reading assessment data set.
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ZHAN, Peida, Wen-Chung WANG, and Lijun WANG. "Testlet Response Theory: An Introduction and New Developments." Advances in Psychological Science 21, no. 12 (2013): 2265–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1042.2013.02265.
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Lee, Yong-Won. "Book Review: Testlet Response Theory and Its Applications." Language Testing 32, no. 2 (2015): 287–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265532214555834.
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Eckes, Thomas. "Examining testlet effects in the TestDaF listening section: A testlet response theory modeling approach." Language Testing 31, no. 1 (2013): 39–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265532213492969.
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Baldwin, Su G. "A Review of Testlet Response Theory and Its Applications." Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics 32, no. 3 (2007): 333–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/1076998607305834.
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Kogar, Esin Yilmaz, and Hülya Kelecioglu. "Examination of Different Item Response Theory Models on Tests Composed of Testlets." Journal of Education and Learning 6, no. 4 (2017): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jel.v6n4p113.
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The purpose of this research is to first estimate the item and ability parameters and the standard error values related to those parameters obtained from Unidimensional Item Response Theory (UIRT), bifactor (BIF) and Testlet Response Theory models (TRT) in the tests including testlets, when the number of testlets, number of independent items, and sample size change, and then to compare the obtained results. Mathematic test in PISA 2012 was employed as the data collection tool, and 36 items were used to constitute six different data sets containing different numbers of testlets and independent items. Subsequently, from these constituted data sets, three different sample sizes of 250, 500 and 1000 persons were selected randomly. When the findings of the research were examined, it was determined that, generally the lowest mean error values were those obtained from UIRT, and TRT yielded a mean of error estimation lower than that of BIF. It was found that, under all conditions, models which take into consideration the local dependency have provided a better model-data compatibility than UIRT, generally there is no meaningful difference between BIF and TRT, and both models can be used for those data sets. It can be said that when there is a meaningful difference between those two models, generally BIF yields a better result. In addition, it has been determined that, in each sample size and data set, item and ability parameters and correlations of errors of the parameters are generally high.
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Eckes, Thomas, and Purya Baghaei. "Using Testlet Response Theory to Examine Local Dependence in C-Tests." Applied Measurement in Education 28, no. 2 (2015): 85–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08957347.2014.1002919.
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Weisseno, Simon, and Georg Weisseno. "Political judgement competency among upper secondary-school pupils." Citizenship Teaching & Learning 16, no. 1 (2021): 7–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/ctl_00044_1.
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Within the discipline of political didactics, differing views exist on political judgement as the goal or content of classroom teaching. In this study, political judgement is understood as a competency. It requires situational deliberation and decision-making, but must also take into account political values. For this study, 401 upper secondary pupils in years 11–12 were presented with a 45-minute judgement test. The pupils were asked to adopt a personal position on a specific matter in an essay, using argumentative deliberation. As in the lens model of judgement, they were required to adduce and evaluate different aspects under conditions of uncertainty, since no definitive information was available. In the test, five levels were used to assess the ‘complexity’ of a judgement. All previous tasks had to be solved before a higher level of complexity could be reached. On the basis of the assumed interdependencies of levels (tasks) in a testlet, the test was scaled using a testlet model from item response theory. All the testlets show significantly higher variances than the test as a whole. The test was able to produce a good total variance. The analyses of construct validity by means of fluid intelligence and subject knowledge conform to expectations. The test evaluated with the testlet model indicates that this can be assumed to be a multilevel process.
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Min, Shangchao, and Lianzhen He. "Applying unidimensional and multidimensional item response theory models in testlet-based reading assessment." Language Testing 31, no. 4 (2014): 453–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265532214527277.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Testlet response theory"
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Combs, Adam. "Bayesian Model Checking Methods for Dichotomous Item Response Theory and Testlet Models." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1394808820.
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LaFond, Lee James. "Decision consistency and accuracy indices for the bifactor and testlet response theory models." Diss., University of Iowa, 2014. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/1346.
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The primary goal of this study was to develop a new procedure for estimating decision consistency and accuracy indices using the bifactor and testlet response theory (TRT) models. This study is the first to investigate decision consistency and accuracy from a multidimensional perspective, and the results have shown that the bifactor model at least behaved in way that met the author's expectations and represents a potential useful procedure. The TRT model, on the other hand, did not meet the author's expectations and generally showed poor model performance.
The multidimensional decision consistency and accuracy indices proposed in this study appear to provide good performance, at least for the bifactor model, in the case of a substantial testlet effect. For practitioners examining a test containing testlets for decision consistency and accuracy, a recommended first step is to check for dimensionality. If the testlets show a significant degree of multidimensionality, then the usage of the multidimensional indices proposed can be recommended as the simulation study showed an improved level of performance over unidimensional IRT models. However, if there is a not a significant degree of multidimensionality then the unidimensional IRT models and indices would perform as well, or even better, than the multidimensional models.
Another goal of this study was to compare methods for numerical integration used in the calculation of decision consistency and accuracy indices. This study investigated a new method (M method) that sampled ability estimates through a Monte-Carlo approach. In summary, the M method seems to be just as accurate as the other commonly used methods for numerical integration. However, it has some practical advantages over the D and P methods. As previously mentioned, it is not as nearly as computationally intensive as the D method. Also, the P method requires large sample sizes. In addition, the P method has conceptual disadvantage in that the conditioning variable, in theory, should be the true theta, not an estimated theta. The M method avoids both of these issues and seems to provide equally accurate estimates of decision consistency and accuracy indices, which makes it a strong option particularly in multidimensional cases.
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Pak, Seohong. "Ability parameter recovery of a computerized adaptive test based on rasch testlet models." Diss., University of Iowa, 2017. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/5977.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of various testlet characteristics in terms of an ability parameter recovery under the modality of computerized adaptive test (CAT). Given the popularity of using CATs and the high frequency of emerging testlets into exams as either mixed format or not, it was important to evaluate the various conditions in a testlet-based CAT fitted testlet response theory models. The manipulated factors of this study were testlet size, testlet effect size, testlet composition, and exam format. The performance of each condition was compared with the true thetas which were 81 equally spaced points from -3.0 to +3.0. For each condition, 1,000 times of replication process were conducted with respect to overall bias, overall standard error, overall RMSE, conditional bias, conditional standard error, conditional RMSE, as well as conditional passing rate. The conditional results were presented in the pre-specified intervals.
Several significant conclusions were made. Overall, the mean theta estimates over 1,000 replications were close to the true thetas regardless of manipulated conditions. In terms of aggregated overall RMSE, predictable relationships were found in four study factors: A larger amount of error was associated with a longer testlet, a bigger effect size, a random composition, and a testlet only exam format. However, when the aggregated overall bias was considered, only two effects were observed: a large difference among three testlet length conditions, and almost no difference between two testlet composition conditions. As expected, conditional SEMs for all conditions showed a U-shape across the theta scale. The noticeable discrepancy occurred only within the testlet length condition: more error was associated with the condition of the longest testlet length compared to the short and medium length conditions. Conditional passing rate showed little discrepancy among conditions within each facto, so no particular association was found.
In general, a short testlet length is better, a small testlet effect size is better, a homogeneous difficulty composition is better, and a mixed format is better in terms of the smaller amount of error found in this study. Other than these obvious findings, some interaction effects were also observed. When the medium or large (i.e., greater than .50) testlet effect was suspicious, it was better to have a short length testlet. It was also found that using a mixed-format exam increased the accuracy of the random difficulty composition. However, this study was limited by several other factors which were controlled to be the same across the conditions: a fixed length exam, no content balancing, and the uniform testlet effects. Consequently, plans for improvements in terms of generalization were also discussed.
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Ricarte, Thales Akira Matsumoto. "Teste adaptativo computadorizado nas avaliações educacionais e psicológicas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/55/55134/tde-16052013-143315/.
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Testes Adaptativos Computadorizados (TAC) são aqueles que selecionam gradativamente as questões (itens) a serem apresentadas ao indivíduo de acordo com o seu nível de conhecimento (traco latente). Um TAC pode se basear em um modelo da Teoria da Resposta ao Item (TRI) para a estimação do traco latente e escolha do item a ser apresentado em cada passo do teste. Este trabalho apresenta modelos da TRI utilizados em TAC encontrados na literatura e descreve alguns métodos de calibração de itens para a formação e manutenção do banco de questões do teste sob o modelo de Samejima (1969), estimação do traço latente, seleção de itens com restrições utilizando a abordagem Shadow test e critérios de parada normalmente utilizados. Foram realizadas simulações com um banco grande (500 itens) e com um banco pequeno (21 itens) e avaliada a qualidade das estimativas dos traços latente (através do cálculos dos vícios e erros quadráticos médios) de TACs com diferentes números de itens. Foi aplicado o modelo de Samejima às respostas de estudantes do Exame ao proficiência em inglês (EPI) do ICMC - USP, que é aplicado semestralmente no formato lápis e papel, para a formação de um banco de itens e posterior construção de um TAC. Também foi aplicado o modelo às respostas de pacientes clínicos do Hospital das Clínicas da Medicina da USP, cedido pelo doutor Yuang-Pang Wang, ao Inventário de Depressão de Beck (BDI) para os mesmos propósitos. Comparações com a atual metodologia para avaliação da proficiência em língua inglesa do EPI (Medida de Probabilidade Admissível, MPA) e para o diagnóstico de depressão do BDI (critério sugerido por Kendall et al., 1987) foram realizadas demonstrando as vantagens e maior riqueza dos resultados obtidos com a TRI e com os TACs implementados. Adcionalmente foi desenvolvido um programa Same-CAT que armazena bancos de itens e possibilita a criação e aplicação de TACs com restrições, através da abordagem Shadow test<br>Computerized Adaptive Tests (CAT) are those that select questions (items) gradually to be presented to an individual according to their proficiency (latent trait level). A CAT can be based on an Item Response Theory (IRT) model for estimation of the latent trait and selection of the next item to be presented in each step of the test. This paper presents IRT models used in CATs found in literature and describes some methods of item calibration for creation and maintenance of a test items bank under the Samejima\'s model (Samejima; 1969), estimation of latent trait, item selection with constraints using the Shadow test approach and usuals stopping criteria. Simulations were conducted with a large bank (500 items) and a small bank (21 items) and the quality of the estimatives of latent traits were evaluated (through calculations of mean squared errors and bias) TACs with different item numbers. Samejima\'s model were applied for the responses of students to the English Proficiency Exam (EPE) of ICMC - USP, a test applied twice a year in paper and pencil format, to create an item bank and subsequent construction of a CAT. The model was also applied to the responses of clinical patients from the Hospital das Clnicas - USP, given by Dr. Yuang-Pang Wang, to the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) for the same purposes. Comparisons using the current methodology to evaluate the English Language Proficiency of EPE (Measure of Probability Allowable, MPA) and the BDI (criterion suggested by Kendall et al., 1987) were performed, and the CATs provided better and richer results. Furthermore a program, Same-CAT, that stores item banks and allows CAT\'s applications with constraints was created
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Becker, Janine. "Computergestütztes adaptives Testen (CAT) von Angst entwickelt auf der Grundlage der Item-response-Theorie (IRT)." [S.l. : s.n.], 2004. http://www.diss.fu-berlin.de/2004/209/index.html.
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Silva, Vanessa Rufino da. "Avaliação da proficiência em inglês acadêmico através de um teste adaptativo informatizado." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/7575.
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Previous issue date: 2015-04-09<br>Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)<br>This work describes the steps for converting a linear paper-and-pencil English proficiency test
for academic purposes, composed with multiple choice items that are administered following the
admissible probability measurement procedure (Shuford Jr et al., 1966), adopted by the graduate
program of Institute of Mathematical Sciences and Computing of University of São Paulo (ICMCUSP),
Brazil, to a computerized adaptive test (CAT) based on an item response theory model
(IRT). Despite the Institute recognizes reliable international English-language exams for academic
purposes and non-native speakers, as TOEFL (Test of English as a Foreign Language), IELTS
(International English Language Testing System) and CPE (Cambridge English: Proficiency), for
instance, it is inconsistent that public universities in Brazil require them as certification because of
the cost of approximately US$ 200.00 to US$ 300.00 per exam. The software TAI-PI (computerized
adaptive test for English proficiency) was implemented in Java language, used SQLite as database
engine, and it shall be offered free of charge for English proficiency assessment of the graduate
students from October 2013. The statistical methodology employed for TAI-PI construction was
defined considering the history and the aims of the evaluation and adopted the Samejima's graded
response model (Samejima, 1969), the Kullback-Leibler information criterion for item selection, the
expected a posteriori Bayesian estimation for latent trait (Baker, 2001) and shadow test approach
(Van der Linden & Pashley, 2010) for test constraints (content and size of the test, for example). A
description of the test design, the employed statistical methods, study results of a real application
of TAI-PI to graduate students are presented in this work and the validation studies of the new
methodology for pass/fail classi cation, highlighting the good quality of the new evaluation system
and examination of improvement with the use of the methods of IRT and CAT.<br>Este trabalho descreve as etapas de transformação de um exame de proficiência em inglês acadêmico, aplicado via lápis-e-papel, com itens de múltipla escolha administrados segundo o método de Medida de Probabilidade
Admissível (Shuford Jr et al., 1966), utilizado no programa de pósgraduação do Instituto de Ciências Matemáticas e de Computação da Universidade de São Paulo (ICMC-USP), em um teste adaptativo informatizado (TAI-PI) baseado em um modelo da Teoria de Resposta ao Item (TRI). Apesar do programa aceitar diversos exames que atestam a proficiência em inglês para indivíduos não-nativos de abrangência e reconhecimento internacionais, como
o TOEFL (Test of English as a Foreign Language), IELTS (International English Language Testing
System) e CPE (Certificate of Proficiency in English), por exemplo, a sua obrigatoriedade é
incoerente em universidades públicas do Brasil devido ao custo que varia de 200 a 300 dólares por
exame. O software TAI-PI (Teste Adaptativo Informatizado para Proficiência em Inglês), que foi
desenvolvido em Java e SQLite, será utilizado para a avaliação da pro ciência em inglês dos alunos
do programa a partir do segundo semestre de 2013, de forma gratuita. A metodologia estatística
implementada foi definida considerando a história e objetivos do exame e adotou o modelo de resposta
gradual unidimensional de Samejima (Samejima, 1969), o critério de Kullback-Leibler para
seleção de itens, o método de estimação da esperança a posteriori para os traços latentes (Baker
, 2001) e a abordagem Shadow test (Van der Linden & Pashley, 2010) para imposição de restrições
(de conteúdo e tamanho da prova) na composição do teste de cada indivíduo. Uma descrição da
estrutura do exame, dos métodos empregados, dos resultados das aplicações do TAI-PI a alunos de
pós-graduação do ICMC e estudos de classificação dos alunos em aprovados e reprovados, são apresentados
neste trabalho, evidenciando a boa qualidade da nova proposta adotada e aprimoramento
do exame com a utilização dos métodos de TRI e TAI.
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Maia, Josà Leudo. "Uso da Teoria ClÃssica dos Testes â TCT e da Teoria de Resposta ao Item â TRI na avaliaÃÃo da qualidade mÃtrica de testes de seleÃÃo." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2009. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=4951.
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FundaÃÃo de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do CearÃ<br>Esse trabalho doutoral tem como proposta fazer uso da Teoria ClÃssica dos Testes â TCT e da Teoria de Resposta ao Item â TRI como instrumentos na avaliaÃÃo da qualidade mÃtrica de testes de seleÃÃo, sob quatro aspectos de investigaÃÃo: AnÃlise da Validez do Construto; AnÃlise PsicomÃtrica dos Itens; Funcionamento Diferencial dos Itens â DIF; e FunÃÃo de InformaÃÃo. Para tanto, foram utilizados dados dos resultados das provas de PortuguÃs e MatemÃtica do concurso vestibular da Universidade Estadual do Estado do Cearà â UECE, de 2007, em que participaram 20.016 candidatos a 38 Cursos de GraduaÃÃo, somente na Capital do Estado. Para o tratamento desses dados, foram utilizados os seguintes softwares: SPSS, v15; BILOG-MG, v3.0; MULTILOG FOR WINDOWS, v1.0; e o TESTFACT v4.0. A primeira providÃncia foi verificar a dimensionaidade dessas provas. Para tanto se utilizou o MÃtodo de Kaiser-Guttman, Scree-plot, e o MÃtodo das Cargas Fatoriais e das Comunalidades da Matriz de Fatores. A constataÃÃo foi de que a prova de PortuguÃs apresentava caracterÃsticas multidimensionais, sendo, portanto, descartada, por nÃo atender aos pressupostos bÃsicos da Unidimensionalidade e IndependÃncia Local dos Itens. A prova de MatemÃtica, no entanto, por apresentar comportamento unidimensional, se tornou o foco deste trabalho. A anÃlise da Validez do Construto foi realizada por meio dos coeficientes Alpha de Cronbach e Kuder-Richardson, tendo gerado valores iguais a 0,685, alÃm da utilizaÃÃo, tambÃm, do mÃtodo das Cargas Fatoriais, com cargas entre 0,837 e 0,960, indicando intensa consistÃncia interna. A anÃlise psicomÃtrica dos itens foi realizada por meio dos Ãndices de dificuldade, discriminaÃÃo e acerto ao acaso, para ambas as teorias, indicando ser essa uma prova de dificuldade mediana, com bom comportamento discriminativo e baixo Ãndice de acerto ao acaso. A anÃlise do DIF foi realizada, segundo o gÃnero dos candidatos, pelos mÃtodos Delta-plot, Maentel-Haenszel, RegressÃo LogÃstica e ComparaÃÃo dos Betas, indicando resultados estatÃsticamente nÃo significativos, no que se concluiu nÃo apresentar, a prova, comportamento diferenciado, segundo o gÃnero. A anÃlise da FunÃÃo de InformaÃÃo da prova permitiu se observar que esta à particularmente vÃlida para candidatos com aptidÃo em torno de 0,8750 e que, a um nÃvel de confianÃa de 95%, 49,3% dos candidatos atenderiam a essa indicaÃÃo. Observou-se tambÃm que 90,6% dos candidatos, em ambos os processos, apresentaram o mesmo nÃvel de aptidÃo, indicando uma convergÃncia bastante razoÃvel entre os resultados gerados pela TCT e TRI, no entanto, no estudo amostral, a TRI identificou que 9,4% dos candidatos apresentaram maior aptidÃo para a realizaÃÃo de um curso superior que os selecionados pela TCT.
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MAIA, José Leudo. "Uso da Teoria Clássica dos Testes – TCT e da Teoria de Resposta ao Item – TRI na avaliação da qualidade métrica de testes de seleção." http://www.teses.ufc.br, 2009. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/3235.
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MAIA, José Leudo. Uso da Teoria Clássica dos Testes – TCT e da Teoria de Resposta ao Item – TRI na avaliação da qualidade métrica de testes de seleção. 2009. 325f. Tese (Doutorado em Educação) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Faculdade de Educação, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Brasileira, Fortaleza-CE, 2009.<br>Submitted by Maria Josineide Góis (josineide@ufc.br) on 2012-07-10T11:42:58Z
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Previous issue date: 2009<br>sse trabalho doutoral tem como proposta fazer uso da Teoria Clássica dos Testes – TCT e da Teoria de Resposta ao Item – TRI como instrumentos na avaliação da qualidade métrica de testes de seleção, sob quatro aspectos de investigação: Análise da Validez do Construto; Análise Psicométrica dos Itens; Funcionamento Diferencial dos Itens – DIF; e Função de Informação. Para tanto, foram utilizados dados dos resultados das provas de Português e Matemática do concurso vestibular da Universidade Estadual do Estado do Ceará – UECE, de 2007, em que participaram 20.016 candidatos a 38 Cursos de Graduação, somente na Capital do Estado. Para o tratamento desses dados, foram utilizados os seguintes softwares: SPSS, v15; BILOG-MG, v3.0; MULTILOG FOR WINDOWS, v1.0; e o TESTFACT v4.0. A primeira providência foi verificar a dimensionaidade dessas provas. Para tanto se utilizou o Método de Kaiser-Guttman, Scree-plot, e o Método das Cargas Fatoriais e das Comunalidades da Matriz de Fatores. A constatação foi de que a prova de Português apresentava características multidimensionais, sendo, portanto, descartada, por não atender aos pressupostos básicos da Unidimensionalidade e Independência Local dos Itens. A prova de Matemática, no entanto, por apresentar comportamento unidimensional, se tornou o foco deste trabalho. A análise da Validez do Construto foi realizada por meio dos coeficientes Alpha de Cronbach e Kuder-Richardson, tendo gerado valores iguais a 0,685, além da utilização, também, do método das Cargas Fatoriais, com cargas entre 0,837 e 0,960, indicando intensa consistência interna. A análise psicométrica dos itens foi realizada por meio dos índices de dificuldade, discriminação e acerto ao acaso, para ambas as teorias, indicando ser essa uma prova de dificuldade mediana, com bom comportamento discriminativo e baixo índice de acerto ao acaso. A análise do DIF foi realizada, segundo o gênero dos candidatos, pelos métodos Delta-plot, Maentel-Haenszel, Regressão Logística e Comparação dos Betas, indicando resultados estatísticamente não significativos, no que se concluiu não apresentar, a prova, comportamento diferenciado, segundo o gênero. A análise da Função de Informação da prova permitiu se observar que esta é particularmente válida para candidatos com aptidão em torno de 0,8750 e que, a um nível de confiança de 95%, 49,3% dos candidatos atenderiam a essa indicação. Observou-se também que 90,6% dos candidatos, em ambos os processos, apresentaram o mesmo nível de aptidão, indicando uma convergência bastante razoável entre os resultados gerados pela TCT e TRI, no entanto, no estudo amostral, a TRI identificou que 9,4% dos candidatos apresentaram maior aptidão para a realização de um curso superior que os selecionados pela TCT.
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Sassi, Gilberto Pereira. "Teoria e a prática de um teste adaptativo informatizado." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/55/55134/tde-28062012-093302/.
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O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar os conceitos relacionados a Teste Adaptativo Informatizado, ou abreviadamente TAI, para o modelo logístico unidimensional da Teoria de Resposta ao Item. Utilizamos a abordagem bayesiana para a estimação do parâmetro de interesse, chamado de traço latente ou habilidade. Apresentamos os principais algoritmos de seleção de itens em TAI e realizamos estudos de simulação para comparar o desempenho deles. Para comparação, usamos aproximações numéricas para o Erro Quadrático Médio e para o Vício e também calculamos o tempo médio para o TAI selecionar um item. Além disso, apresentamos como instalar e usar a implementação de TAI desenvolvida neste projeto chamada de TAI2U, que foi desenvolvido no VBA-Excel usando uma interface com o R<br>The main of this work is to introduce the subjects related to Computerized Adaptive Testing, or breafly CAT, for the unidimensional three-parameter logistic model of Item Response Theory. We use bayesian approach to estimate the parameter of interest. We present several item selection algorithms and we perform simulations comparing them. The comparisons are made in terms of the mean square error, bias of the trait estimates, the average time for item selection and the average length of test. Furthermore, we show how to install e use the CAT implementation of this work called built in MIcrosoft Excel - VBA using interface with the statistical package R
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Melo, Denise Mendonça de. "Mini Exame do Estado Mental e escolarização: propriedades psicométricas para amostras de idosos." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), 2016. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/4014.
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Previous issue date: 2016-12-07<br>O Mini Exame do Estado Mental (MEEM) é o instrumento de rastreio do status cognitivo mais utilizado no mundo. Apesar de sua relevância, suas propriedades psicométricas não têm sido suficientemente analisadas no Brasil. O objetivo principal desta tese foi analisar as propriedades psicométricas da versão brasileira dessa medida proposta por Brucki et al (2003) com Teoria Clássica dos Testes e com Teoria de Resposta ao Item (TRI), enfatizando a escolaridade. Para tanto, foram desenvolvidos dois estudos. Antes, porém, realizou-se uma revisão sistemática das pesquisas empíricas indexadas na base de dados SciELO que utilizaram o MEEM com idosos no Brasil (N=74), que identificou 11 versões do MEEM. Mais da metade desses estudos adotou a escolaridade para estabelecer pontos de corte. Constatou-se que as propriedades psicométricas dessa medida têm sido pouco investigadas no país e, consequentemente, faltam padronização e evidências de validade. O segundo estudo teve como objetivo obter evidências de validade baseadas na estrutura interna para essa medida por meio de análise de componentes principais (ACP) e de análise fatorial confirmatória (AFC). Uma amostra de 2734 idosos participantes do estudo FIBRA Unicamp foi pesquisada. Na ACP, uma solução com cinco componentes foi a mais adequada. Quatro modelos de estrutura interna foram testados com AFC. Dois modelos com estrutura multidimensional de cinco fatores e um fator de segunda ordem apresentaram índices de ajuste satisfatórios, o que não ocorreu com o modelo unidimensional. Assim, há evidências de que se trata de uma medida multidimensional. O terceiro estudo apresentou uma análise com TRI para avaliar o funcionamento diferencial dos itens (DIF), a dificuldade e a discriminação dos itens. Constatou-se que quatro itens do sete seriado foram os mais difíceis e os itens nove, 13, 22 e 23, os mais fáceis. O nível de habilidade das pessoas foi maior do que o nível de dificuldade dos itens. Observou-se DIF para escolaridade (27 itens), sexo (18 itens) e idade (16 itens). Conclui-se que o uso do MEEM com idosos da comunidade deve ser cauteloso devido ao grande número de itens enviesados, principalmente pela escolaridade. Em suma, a versão do MEEM analisada apresentou evidências de validade baseadas na estrutura interna, e é fortemente influenciada pela escolaridade.<br>The Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) is the screening tool of cognitive status most used in the world. Despite its relevance, its psychometric properties have not been sufficiently analyzed in Brazil. The main purpose of this thesis was to analyze the psychometric properties of a Brazilian version of this measure suggested by Brucki et al (2003) with Classical Theory of Tests and Item Response Theory (IRT), emphasizing education. For this, two studies were developed. First, however, there was a systematic review of empirical research indexed in SciELO database that used the MMSE with elderly (N = 74), which identified 11 versions of the MMSE. More than half of these studies adopted the school to establish cutoffs. It was found that the psychometric properties of this measure have been little investigated in the country and, consequently, lack standardization and evidence of validity. The second study aimed to obtain evidence of validity based on the internal structure for this measure by principal component analysis (PCA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). A sample of 2734 elderly participants of the FIBRA Unicamp study was researched. In the PCA, a solution with five components was the most appropriate. Four internal structure models were tested with CFA. Two models with multidimensional structure of five factors and a factor of second order showed satisfactory fit indices, which did not happen with the unidimensional model. Therefore, there is evidence that it is a multidimensional measurement. The third study presents an analysis with IRT to evaluate the differential item functioning (DIF), difficulty and discrimination of the items. It was found that four items of serial seven were the most difficult and the items 9, 13, 22 and 23 were the easiest ones. The skill level of the people was higher than the level of difficulty of the items. There was DIF for education (27 items), sex (18 items) and age (16 items). We conclude that the use of MMSE with community dwelling elderly should be cautious due to the large number of biased items, especially for education. In conclusion, the version of the MMSE analyzed the version of MMSE analyzed obtained validity evidences regarding the internal structure, and is strongly influenced by education.
Books on the topic "Testlet response theory"
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Reese, Lynda M. An evaluation of a two-stage testlet design for computerized testing. Law School Admission Council, 1999.
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Wainer, Howard, Eric T. Bradlow, and Xiaohui Wang. Testlet Response Theory and Its Applications. Cambridge University Press, 2007.
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Wainer, Howard, Eric T. Bradlow, and Xiaohui Wang. Testlet Response Theory and Its Applications. Cambridge University Press, 2007.
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Hooghe, Liesbet, Tobias Lenz, and Gary Marks. A Theory of International Organization. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198766988.001.0001.
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This book explains the design and development of international organization in the postwar period. It theorizes that the basic set up of an IO responds to two forces: the functional impetus to tackle problems that spill beyond national borders and a desire for self-rule that can dampen cooperation where transnational community is thin. The book reveals both the causal power of functionalist pressures and the extent to which nationalism constrains the willingness of member states to engage in incomplete contracting. The implications of postfunctionalist theory for an IO’s membership, policy portfolio, contractual specificity, and authoritative competences are tested using annual data for seventy-six IOs for 1950–2010.
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Kenny, Paul D. A Theory of Populist Success in Patronage Democracies. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198807872.003.0003.
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This chapter details the theory and sets up the predictions to be tested. Drawing on principal–agent theory and social network theory, it argues that in patronage democracies an increase in broker autonomy weakens the ties between parties and voters as it exacerbates conflicts of interest between central leaders and subnational brokers. The main hypothesis is that in patronage democracies where subnational brokers have greater autonomy from central leadership, fragmentation of the party-system between national and subnational levels is likely, resulting in populists successfully appealing directly to a disorganized populace. Programmatic responses are unlikely because of the cross-class organization of patronage networks, which tends to inhibit the consolidation of programmatic parties. It then presents both a strong version of the theory, in which broker autonomy or decentralization is exogenously determined, and a weak version, in which it is potentially endogenous. Finally, it sets out how the following chapters test the arguments.
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Palmeri, Thomas J., Jeffrey D. Schall, and Gordon D. Logan. Neurocognitive Modeling of Perceptual Decision Making. Edited by Jerome R. Busemeyer, Zheng Wang, James T. Townsend, and Ami Eidels. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199957996.013.15.
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Mathematical psychology and systems neuroscience have converged on stochastic accumulator models to explain decision making. We examined saccade decisions in monkeys while neurophysiological recordings were made within their frontal eye field. Accumulator models were tested on how well they fit response probabilities and distributions of response times to make saccades. We connected these models with neurophysiology. To test the hypothesis that visually responsive neurons represented perceptual evidence driving accumulation, we replaced perceptual processing time and drift rate parameters with recorded neurophysiology from those neurons. To test the hypothesis that movement related neurons instantiated the accumulator, we compared measures of neural dynamics with predicted measures of accumulator dynamics. Thus, neurophysiology both provides a constraint on model assumptions and data for model selection. We highlight a gated accumulator model that accounts for saccade behavior during visual search, predicts neurophysiology during search, and provides insights into the locus of cognitive control over decisions.
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Beninger, Richard J. Dopamine and reward-related learning. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198824091.003.0002.
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Dopamine and reward-related learning describes how the intellectual influence of behaviorism declined in the middle of the twentieth century as descriptions of behavioral phenomena that violated the putative laws of learning accumulated. Incentive theory along with an ethological perspective that emphasized animals’ specific behavioral adaptations for survival in their natural environment provided an alternative. Thus, rewarding stimuli produce incentive learning, the acquisition of neutral stimuli of an increased ability to elicit approach and other responses. The reward-related learning effects of food were shown to depend on dopamine and dopamine was implicated in avoidance learning. Results suggest that in untrained animals, tested while in a dopamine-depleted state, conditioned incentive stimuli fail to acquire the ability to elicit approach and other responses; in trained animals tested while in a dopamine-depleted state, conditioned incentive stimuli gradually lose their ability to elicit approach and other responses.
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Bașoğlu, Metin. A Theory- and Evidence-Based Approach to the Definition of Torture. Edited by Metin Başoğlu. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199374625.003.0001.
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Any attempt to define torture requires a sound theory-based understanding of the psychological mechanisms by which it induces “severe mental pain or suffering.” Among the different theories advanced for this purpose, learning theory of trauma is the one that has been most extensively tested and empirically validated. Substantial research with both animals and humans has shown that the unpredictability and uncontrollability of stressor events lead to helplessness and hopelessness responses, including anxiety and depression. This chapter presents a learning theory model of trauma, provides a definition of “pain or suffering,” demonstrates a contextual/cumulative approach to captivity stressors, and describes a methodology for assessment of captivity-induced pain or suffering. It also proposes a learning theory formulation of torture as “helplessness under the control of others” and reviews its implications for the distinction between torture and cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment and emerging trends in international law in interpretation of torture.
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Vassilakopoulos, Theodoros, and Charis Roussos. Respiratory muscle function in the critically ill. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0077.
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The inspiratory muscles are the diaphragm, external intercostals and parasternal internal intercostal muscles. The internal intercostals and abdominal muscles are expiratory. The ability of a subject to take one breath depends on the balance between the load faced by the inspiratory muscles and their neuromuscular competence. The ability of a subject to sustain the respiratory load over time (endurance) depends on the balance between energy supplied to the inspiratory muscles and their energy demands. Hyperinflation puts the diaphragm at a great mechanical disadvantage, decreasing its force-generating capacity. In response to acute increases in load the inspiratory muscles become fatigued and inflammed. In response to reduction in load by the use of mechanical ventilation they develop atrophy and dysfunction. Global respiratory muscle function can be tested using maximum static inspiratory and expiratory mouth pressures, and sniff pressure. Diaphragm function can be tested by measuring the transdiaphragmatic and twitch pressures developed upon electrical or magnetic stimulation of the phrenic nerve.
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Venet, Fabienne, and Alain Lepape. Immunoparesis in the critically ill. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0313.
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In parallel with an exaggerated pro-inflammatory response, critically-ill patients develop an immunosuppressive phase, termed immunoparesis/immunoparalysis or immune reprogramming. Innate and adaptive immune responses are affected. In particular, impaired neutrophil recruitment to injury sites and abnormal accumulation in remote sites; monocyte deactivation with preferential anti-inflammatory cytokine production and altered antigen presentation capacity; and a dramatic lymphopenia associated with major induction of apoptosis, functional, and phenotypic alterations have been described. The intensity and duration of this injury-induced immune dysfunction have been associated with an increased risk of death and secondary nosocomial infections. Innovative therapeutic strategies aiming at restoring immunological functions are currently being tested. GM-CSF appears to be an interesting candidate while IFN-γ and IL-7 represent novel future therapeutic approaches. There is thus an urgent need for further clinical trials of such immunoadjuvant therapies that should include large cohorts of critically-ill patients stratified by relevant markers of immune dysfunction.
Book chapters on the topic "Testlet response theory"
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Wainer, Howard, Eric T. Bradlow, and Zuru Du. "Testlet Response Theory: An Analog for the 3PL Model Useful in Testlet-Based Adaptive Testing." In Computerized Adaptive Testing: Theory and Practice. Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-306-47531-6_13.
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Thissen, David. "Using the Testlet Response Model as a Shortcut to Multidimensional Item Response Theory Subscore Computation." In Springer Proceedings in Mathematics & Statistics. Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-9348-8_3.
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Su, Lijuan, and Svetlana Stepchenkova. "The Impact of Crisis Characteristics and Media Coverage on the Public’s Attitude Toward Tourism Organization Expressed on Sina Weibo." In Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism 2021. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65785-7_28.
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AbstractTourism and hospitality crises that are extensively discussed online are damaging to organizational image and reputation; therefore, choosing effective response strategies is of paramount importance for service providers. The online discussions data from six hospitality and tourism related crises were used to test which crisis and media coverage characteristics significantly affected the public’s emotional and behavioral reactions to crises. With reference to the attribution theory and the situational crisis communication theory, this study identified the potentially influential crisis characteristics, hypothesized their relationship with variables describing consumer reactions to crises, and then tested those relationships in a series of ANOVA and hierarchical regression analyses. Results indicated that the locus of control, crisis stability, attribution of organizational responsibility, and organizational response strategy affected the public’s cognitive and emotional responses to crises most strongly. The attractiveness and goodwill of media sources also had an effect, as well as the quality and fairness of messages. This study makes a methodological contribution to tourism research by training machine-learning classifiers prior to conducting hypothesis testing. Identifying the most influential factors affecting the public’s response to crises can serve as guidelines for tourism and hospitality organizations in monitoring the spread of online crisis discussions and developing the most appropriate response in order to minimize consumers’ negative emotions that affect online and off-line behavior toward the organization and its brand.
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Ariya, George. "Towards a symbiotic wildlife tourism destination attractiveness and sustainability framework for national parks in Kenya." In Managing visitor experiences in nature-based tourism. CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789245714.0164.
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Abstract This chapter presents a wildlife tourism destination attractiveness and sustainability framework based on relevant destination attractiveness attributes and sustainability indicators. The framework was tested at Lake Nakuru National Park (LNNP) in Kenya. Attractiveness was categorized into four dimensions that included wildlife resources, park accessibility, cost of attractions and park image. As the findings indicated, there was direct positive effect of all four dimensions. A relatively low effect was recorded with regard to park image, which is likely to have contributed to low satisfaction experience, future behavioural intentions and park ecological value. In addition, among the repeat visitors' responses, the majority agreed there was increased wildlife disappearance, increased difficulty in sightseeing key wildlife attractions at LNNP, invasive new species within the park, changes in wildlife grazing grounds, infrastructure damage and increased visibility of litter inside the park.
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Ariya, George. "Towards a symbiotic wildlife tourism destination attractiveness and sustainability framework for national parks in Kenya." In Managing visitor experiences in nature-based tourism. CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789245714.0013.
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Abstract This chapter presents a wildlife tourism destination attractiveness and sustainability framework based on relevant destination attractiveness attributes and sustainability indicators. The framework was tested at Lake Nakuru National Park (LNNP) in Kenya. Attractiveness was categorized into four dimensions that included wildlife resources, park accessibility, cost of attractions and park image. As the findings indicated, there was direct positive effect of all four dimensions. A relatively low effect was recorded with regard to park image, which is likely to have contributed to low satisfaction experience, future behavioural intentions and park ecological value. In addition, among the repeat visitors' responses, the majority agreed there was increased wildlife disappearance, increased difficulty in sightseeing key wildlife attractions at LNNP, invasive new species within the park, changes in wildlife grazing grounds, infrastructure damage and increased visibility of litter inside the park.
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Gerostathopoulos, Ilias, and Alexander auf der Straße. "Online Experiment-Driven Learning and Adaptation." In Model-Based Engineering of Collaborative Embedded Systems. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-62136-0_15.
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AbstractThis chapter presents an approach for the online optimization of collaborative embedded systems (CESs) and collaborative system groups (CSGs). Such systems have to adapt and optimize their behavior at runtime to increase their utilities and respond to runtime situations. We propose to model such systems as black boxes of their essential input parameters and outputs, and search efficiently in the space of input parameters for values that optimize (maximize or minimize) the system’s outputs. Our optimization approach consists of three phases and combines online (Bayesian) optimization with statistical guarantees stemming from the use of statistical methods such as factorial ANOVA, binomial testing, and t-tests in different phases. We have applied our approach in a smart cars testbed with the goal of optimizing the routing of cars by tuning the configuration of their parametric router at runtime.
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"An Application of Testlet Response Theory in the Scoring of a Complex Certification Exam." In Automated Scoring of Complex Tasks in Computer-Based Testing. Routledge, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780415963572-9.
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Bowers, Mellisa, and Gwen Cherne. "A Lessons Framework for Civil-Military-Police Conflict and Disaster Management." In Police Science. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7672-3.ch010.
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International conflict and disaster response operations incorporate a diverse, multi-layered series of activities and actors working in the same space, and in contested environments. Differences in organizational culture, language, processes, and behavior can either inhibit or enhance understanding and cooperation. This chapter looks at how the Australian Civil-Military Centre (ACMC) has developed, facilitated, and tested education and training programs, preparedness exercises, and targeted research to enhance understanding and cooperation. These activities provide the foundation for a holistic civil-military-police lessons framework that is being developed. They provide Australian government agencies, military, police, and the aid community with a guide to successfully maintain and contribute their technical expertise and perspectives to respond to conflict and disaster management. Through the continued refinement of training programs, preparedness exercises, and targeted research, this framework looks not only at lessons collection but also at implementation of these lessons in future practice.
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Vragov, Roumen. "The Human Behavioral Response to Automated Trading." In Advances in Business Information Systems and Analytics. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-1680-4.ch009.
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The use of computer algorithms by human traders in markets has been steadily increasing. These electronic agents or proxies vary in terms of purpose and complexity, however, most of them first require some input on the part of the human trader and then perform the rest of the trading task autonomously. This paper proposes a theoretical model of human behavior that can be used to detect behavioral biases in commodity markets populated by humans and electronic proxies. The model's predictions are tested with the help of laboratory experiments with economically-motivated human subjects. Results suggests that the usefulness of automated trading is initially diminished by behavioral biases arising from attitudes towards technology. In some cases, the biases disappear with experience and in others they do not.
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Esen, Selin Kucukkancabas. "Understanding University Choice Decisions of Turkish Students." In Advances in Logistics, Operations, and Management Science. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-6301-3.ch024.
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This chapter is designed to provide insights as to how different elements of university characteristics, campus visit, information sources, and students' personal characteristics influence their university behaviors directly and indirectly through their effects on university-related attitudes. Proposed relationships are tested with data collected from 421 respondents through structured questionnaires. This study enriches the university choice literature by investigating the effects of various university choice factors on both attitudinal and behavioral responses. As expected, it is found that while controlling other factors there is a positive relationship between students' attitudes toward university and preference for a university. Results provide evidence that some factors have a significant effect only on students' attitudinal responses, while some have a significant effect on behavioral responses. Unexpectedly, campus visit does not act as a moderator in the relationship between university perceptions and attitude toward university.
Conference papers on the topic "Testlet response theory"
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Xue, Cheng, and R. D. (Shawn) Blanton. "Delay Fault Model Evaluation Using Tester Response Data." In ISTFA 2012. ASM International, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2012p0532.
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Abstract Most chip producers perform delay testing to detect chips that are affected by defects that adversely affect timing. Several delay fault models have been introduced to guide delay test generation. But similar to static (i.e., slow speed) testing, there is always the question of which fault models are best for ensuring quality. MEasuring Test Effectiveness Regionally (METER) is an approach for evaluating fault model effectiveness. Compared to the conventional test experiment, METER is extremely inexpensive and provides a more thorough evaluation of the quality achievable by a particular fault model. In this work, we describe an extension to METER (called DELAY-METER) that allows the effectiveness of delay fault models to be precisely evaluated. Application of DELAY-METER to the production fail data from an IBM ASIC demonstrates that new and existing delay fault models can be evaluated using conventional tester response data, i.e., data logs collected from production fails through the application of tests generated using conventional fault models.
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Gelman, Vitaly. "Thyristor Controlled Rectifier Testing Using Scaling Theory." In 2018 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2018-6133.
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Thyristor Controlled Rectifiers offer numerous advantages for the traction applications: capital cost savings, increased system throughput, reduced maintenance and additional energy and cost savings for reversible controlled rectifiers. Yet the controlled rectifier usage has been limited, partially because of testing difficulties. The multi-megawatt power level makes testing at the test laboratory at full power impractical. Further exasperating the issue is a presence of control systems that can’t be tested completely while running with a shorted output. The paper proposes a way out of this conundrum through the testing at reduced voltage and current (scaling). The scaling allows reducing power requirements 50 to 400 times, making it practical to test both regulating system and power circuit performance with simulated train load current. The scaled voltage/current test verifies a dynamic response under realistic train behavior, voltage regulation curve, AC and DC harmonics. The paper proposes the scaling tests to verify both forward and reverse operation of controlled rectifier.
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Ravinthrakumar, Senthuran, Trygve Kristiansen, and Babak Ommani. "On the Hydrodynamic Interaction Between Ship and Free-Surface Motions on Vessels With Moonpools." In ASME 2019 38th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2019-95932.
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Abstract Coupling between moonpool resonance and vessel motion is investigated in two-dimensional and quasi three-dimensional settings, where the models are studied in forced heave and in freely floating conditions. The two-dimensional setups are with a recess, while the quasi three-dimensional setups are without recess. One configuration with recess is presented for the two-dimensional case, while three different moonpool sizes (without recess) are tested for the quasi three-dimensional setup. A large number of forcing periods, and three wave steepnesses are tested. Boundary Element Method (BEM) and Viscous BEM (VBEM) time-domain codes based on linear potential flow theory, and a Navier–Stokes solver with linear free-surface and body-boundary conditions, are implemented to investigate resonant motion of the free-surface and the model. Damping due to flow separation from the sharp corners of the moonpool inlets is shown to matter for both vessel motions and moonpool response around the piston mode. In general, the CFD simulations compare well with the experimental results. BEM over-predicts the response significantly at resonance. VBEM provides improved results compared to the BEM, but still over-predicts the response. In the two-dimensional study there are significant coupling effects between heave, pitch and moonpool responses. In the quasi three-dimensional tests, the coupling effect is reduced significantly as the moonpool dimensions relative to the displaced volume of the ship is reduced. The first sloshing mode is investigated in the two-dimensional case. The studies show that damping due to flow separation is dominant. The vessel motions are unaffected by the moonpool response around the first sloshing mode.
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Che, Demeng, and Kornel F. Ehmann. "Polycrystalline Diamond Turning of Rock." In ASME 2013 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference collocated with the 41st North American Manufacturing Research Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2013-1127.
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Polycrystalline Diamond Compact (PDC) cutters, as the most commonly used inserts for rock cutting/drilling processes, are drawing increased attentions in manufacturing and petroleum engineering driven by the necessity to elevate cutter and process performance. The knowledge of the force response of single PDC cutters under various cutting conditions is an essential prerequisite for achieving this goal. In this paper, an analytical model is derived by extending Nishimatsu’s two-dimensional orthogonal cutting theory for rock cutting to the three-dimensional quasi-orthogonal case. A rock turning testbed that uses single PDC cutters is developed on a CNC turning center for measuring both thermal and mechanical responses at the rock-cutter interface in real-time. The developed testbed is used to perform the experimental validation of a newly proposed force prediction model.
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Saghir, Shahid, Mohammed L. Bellaredj, and Mohammad I. Younis. "Initially Imperfect MEMS Microplates Under Electrostatic Actuation: Theory and Experiment." In ASME 2016 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2016-59838.
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Microplates are building blocks of many Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS). It is common for them to undergo imperfections due to residual stresses caused by the micro fabrication process. Such plates are essentially different from perfectly flat plates and cannot be modeled using the governing equations of flat plates. In this article, we adopt the governing equations of imperfect plates employing the modified von-Karman strains. These equations then are used to develop a Reduced Order Model based on the Galerkin procedure to simulate the static and dynamic behavior of an electrostatically actuated microplate. Also, microplates made of silicon nitride are fabricated and tested. First, the static behaviour of the microplate is investigated when applying a static voltage Vdc. To study the dynamic behaviour we apply a harmonic voltage, Vac, superimposed to Vdc. Simulation results show good agreement with the experimentally measured responses.
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Solook, M., and S. O. Oyadiji. "Modal Observability of a Cantilevered Beam Using an Array of Point Sensors." In ASME 1999 Design Engineering Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc99/vib-8322.
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Abstract This paper presents a class of modal sensors built with an array of point sensors. A modal sensor that is able to respond to only a particular vibrating mode of a structure has been designed and tested in this study. The theory of the design is based on orthogonality principle of the modal vectors with respect to the mass matrix. Seven the small piezoelectric sensors (PZT) are bonded on the surface of a cantilevered beam at arbitrary locations. The signals of the sensors are weighted and added together in such a way as to cancel the effect of all the vibrating modes but the mode of interest. The weighting coefficients play the main roll of minimising the response of unwanted modes and maximising the response of the mode of interest. The response of the modal sensors have been fed back separately into a PZT actuator to damp and control just that particular mode. Modal observability of modes 2 and 3 of a cantilevered beam have been investigated and tested experimentally. The experimental results indicate that a specific vibrating mode can be extracted and controlled without any spill over effects on the other modes.
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Kaifuku, Kazuhide, Soe Minn Khine, Tomoya Houra, and Masato Tagawa. "Response Compensation Scheme for Constant-Current Hot-Wire Anemometry Based on Frequency Response Analysis." In ASME/JSME 2011 8th Thermal Engineering Joint Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ajtec2011-44437.
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Hot-wire anemometry (HWA) is used for measuring velocity fluctuations such as turbulent flows. It is generally operated in three modes; constant-temperature (CT), constant-current (CC) and constant-voltage (CV) types. The constant-temperature anemometer (CTA) is the mainstream anemometer, while others are rarely used in measuring normal turbulent flows because of their insufficient response speed. However, since the constant-current anemometer (CCA) can be composed of simple circuits, the HWA can be realized at quite a low cost. In this study, the response characteristics of the CCA are theoretically analyzed, and a compensation scheme is proposed. The scheme is experimentally tested in a turbulent wake flow formed behind a cylinder. As a result, it has been confirmed that the root-mean-square (rms) velocities and the power-spectrum distributions compensated by the present scheme agree well with those measured with CTA. Hence, the CCA provides reliable measurement of turbulent velocity fluctuations.
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Wong, C. Channy, Olga B. Spahn, and Leslie M. Phinney. "Analyzing Mechanical Responses of Microstructures From Optical Heating." In ASME 2006 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2006-13407.
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Optical microswitches are being developed for use in communication and security systems because of their small size and fast response time. However, as the intensity of the light incident on the microswitches increases, the thermal and mechanical responses of the reflective surfaces are becoming a concern. It is important to dissipate heat adequately and to minimize any deformation on the reflective surfaces. To understand the mechanical responses of these microswitches, a set of microstructures have been fabricated and tested to evaluate how the surfaces deform when irradiated with a high-intensity laser beam. To evaluate and further investigate the experimental findings, the coupled physical analysis tool, Calagio, has been applied to simulate the mechanical behavior of these test structures when they are optically heated. Code prediction of the surface displacement will be compared against measurement. Our main objective is to assess the existing material models and our code predictive capability so that it will be used to qualify the performance of micro-switches being developed.
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Yu, Zhe, Woo Hyeun Kang, and Barclay Morrison. "Toward a Functional Tolerance Criterion for the Hippocampus Developed From Organotypic Slice Cultures." In ASME 2010 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2010-19622.
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Approximately 1.5 million traumatic brain injuries (TBI) occur each year which result in 50,000 deaths, and about 80,000 people are left with a permanent disability. The annual cost associated with these injures is estimated to be $60 billion. Because there is no pharmacological treatment for TBI, engineering strategies to prevent these injuries enabled through an improved understanding of injury biomechanics is crucial. To this end, finite element models play a central role for predicting brain deformation induced by various loading scenarios such as falls or motor vehicle accidents. Novel protection strategies can then be tested in silico before the start of physical testing. However, in their current form, finite element models predict only mechanical responses and cannot predict the biological response of the brain tissue to the imposed deformation.
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Haslinger, Karl. "Flow Induced Vibration Testing of Replacement Thermowell Designs." In ASME 2002 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2002-32171.
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Replacement RTDs/Thermowells/Nozzles were subjected to flow testing over a velocity range from 9.14 to 33.53 m/sec (30 to 110 ft/sec), and temperatures ranging from 121 to 316 °C (250 to 600 °F). The replacement nozzles are welded on the pipe OD, rather than on the pipe ID. A split, tapered ferrule is used to support the nozzle tip inside the pipe bore. This maintains high thermowell tip resonance frequencies with the objective of avoiding von Karman Vortex Shedding excitation that is believed to have caused failures in an earlier design during initial, pre-critical plant startup testing. The flow testing was complicated by the small size of the thermowell tips (5.08 mm or 0.2-in ID), which necessitated use of a complement of low temperature and high temperature instrumentation. Since the high temperature device had an internal resonance (750 Hz) within the frequency range of interest (0–2,500 Hz), adequate sensor correlations had to be derived from low temperature tests. The current nozzle/thermowell design was tested concurrently with two slight variations of the replacement design. The acceleration signals were acquired during incremental and continuous flow sweeps, nominally at 5 kHz sampling rates and for time domain processing as high as 25 kHz. Whereas vortex-shedding frequencies were predicted to prevail between 400 and 1,500 Hz, no such response was observed at these frequencies. Rather, the thermowell tips responded due to turbulent buffeting with a peak response that was related directly to flow velocity. Lift direction response was always larger than drag direction response. The thermowell tips also responded at their natural tip frequencies in a narrow band random fashion. At the higher flow rates, one replacement design experienced an instability mode leading to high tip stresses. Although this instability did not repeat, this particular design was eliminated from consideration. The second replacement design performed almost identically to the current in-plant design. The experimental data were used to extract forcing functions and thermowell responses that were used as input into the design calculations.
Reports on the topic "Testlet response theory"
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Rahmani, Mehran, and Manan Naik. Structural Identification and Damage Detection in Bridges using Wave Method and Uniform Shear Beam Models: A Feasibility Study. Mineta Transportation Institute, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2021.1934.
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This report presents a wave method to be used for the structural identification and damage detection of structural components in bridges, e.g., bridge piers. This method has proven to be promising when applied to real structures and large amplitude responses in buildings (e.g., mid-rise and high-rise buildings). This study is the first application of the method to damaged bridge structures. The bridge identification was performed using wave propagation in a simple uniform shear beam model. The method identifies a wave velocity for the structure by fitting an equivalent uniform shear beam model to the impulse response functions of the recorded earthquake response. The structural damage is detected by measuring changes in the identified velocities from one damaging event to another. The method uses the acceleration response recorded in the structure to detect damage. In this study, the acceleration response from a shake-table four-span bridge tested to failure was used. Pairs of sensors were identified to represent a specific wave passage in the bridge. Wave velocities were identified for several sensor pairs and various shaking intensities are reported; further, actual observed damage in the bridge was compared with the detected reductions in the identified velocities. The results show that the identified shear wave velocities presented a decreasing trend as the shaking intensity was increased, and the average percentage reduction in the velocities was consistent with the overall observed damage in the bridge. However, there was no clear correlation between a specific wave passage and the observed reduction in the velocities. This indicates that the uniform shear beam model was too simple to localize the damage in the bridge. Instead, it provides a proxy for the overall extent of change in the response due to damage.
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Stromer, Bobbi, Anthony Bednar, Milo Janjic, et al. Trace explosives detection by cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS). Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41520.
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We built three successive versions of a thermal decomposition cavity ring-down spectrometer and tested their response to explosives. These explosive compound analyzers successfully detected nitroglycerine, 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), pentaerythryl tetranitrate, hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-s-triazine and triacetone triperoxide (TATP). We determined the pathlength and limits of detection for each, with the best limit of detection being 13 parts per trillion (ppt) of TNT. For most of the explosive tests, the peak height was higher than the expected value, meaning that peroxy radical chain propagation was occurring with each of the explosives and not just the peroxide TATP.
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DiGrande, Laura, Sue Pedrazzani, Elizabeth Kinyara, et al. Field Interviewer– Administered Dietary Recalls in Participants’ Homes: A Feasibility Study Using the US Department of Agriculture’s Automated Multiple-Pass Method. RTI Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2021.mr.0045.2105.
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Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility of administering the Automated Multiple-Pass Method (AMPM), a widely used tool for collecting 24-hour dietary recalls, in participants’ homes by field interviewers. Design: The design included computer-assisted personal interviews led by either a nutritionist (standard) or field interviewer. Portion estimators tested were a set of three-dimensional food models (standard), a two-dimensional food model booklet, or a tablet with digital images rendered via augmented reality. Setting: Residences in central North Carolina. Participants: English-speaking adults. Pregnant women and individuals who were fasting were excluded. Results: Among 133 interviews, most took place in living rooms (52%) or kitchens (22%). Mean interview time was 40 minutes (range 13–90), with no difference by interviewer type or portion estimator, although timing for nutritionist-led interviews declined significantly over the study period. Forty-five percent of participants referenced items from their homes to facilitate recall and portion estimation. Data entry and post-interview coding was evaluated and determined to be consistent with requirements for the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Values for the number of food items consumed, food groups, energy intake (average of 3,011 kcal for men and 2,105 kcal for women), and key nutrients were determined to be plausible and within reasonably expected ranges regardless of interviewer type or portion estimator used. Conclusions: AMPM dietary recall interviews conducted in the home are feasible and may be preferable to clinical administration because of comfort and the opportunity for participants to access home items for recall. AMPMs administered by field interviewers using the food model booklet produced credible nutrition data that was comparable to AMPMs administered by nutritionists. Training field interviewers in dietary recall and conducting home interviews may be sensible choices for nutrition studies when response rates and cost are concerns.
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India: Enhancing girls' life skills requires long-term commitment. Population Council, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh16.1003.
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While adolescents in India face a rapidly changing economic environment, the choices available to unmarried girls are very different from those available to boys. Girls are much less likely than boys to remain unmarried into their twenties, complete middle school, or generate income. Due to social norms, they have limited control over their life choices, and are less likely than boys to be allowed mobility within or beyond their immediate community. In 2001, the Population Council teamed with CARE India to test a pilot intervention to enhance skills and expand life choices for adolescent girls living in the slums of Allahabad. The 10-month intervention tested the effect of the skills intervention on the girls’ reproductive health knowledge, social contacts and mobility, self-esteem, and perception of gender roles. The impacts were assessed using survey responses from girls who were interviewed in both baseline and endline surveys. As noted in this brief, girls and their parents found the life skills training acceptable, but the intervention had little overall impact.