Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Tests cognitius'
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Quiñones, Úbeda Sonia. "Desenvolupament, normalització i validació de la versió estàndard de la segona versió del Test Barcelona." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Ramon Llull, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/9271.
Full textLa necesidad de un replanteamiento del Programa Integrado de Exploración Neuropsicológica-Test Barcelona (PIEN-TB) justifica la creación de una segunda versión que se enmarque en una aproximación de exploración neuropsicológica modular en etapas. La presente Tesis Doctoral tiene como objetivos principales desarrollar, normalizar y validar la versión estándar de la segunda versión del Test Barcelona (PIEN-TB II) y por lo tanto aportar un instrumento de exploración neuropsicológica fiable, válido y con una adecuada capacidad para diferenciar entre envejecimiento normal y diversos grados de deterioro cognitivo. La Tesi se divide en tres partes: el proceso de desarrollo de la prueba, el estudio normativo y el estudio de validación. El proceso de desarrollo se llevó a cabo mediante una revisión de las técnicas de exploración actuales y una crítica rigurosa de la versión vigente del test, para finalmente obtener una versión formada por cuarenta y siete subtests para evaluar orientación, lenguaje, lectura y escritura, memoria, atención-concentración, funciones ejecutivas, praxis y gnosis. En el estudio normativo, se administró la prueba a 249 sujetos sanos de entre 20 y 86 años, estratificados en siete grupos de edad y escolaridad. Presentamos las medias, desviaciones estándar y tablas de percentiles de las cincuenta y cinco variables de la prueba, así como el proceso de construcción de la puntuación normalizada (PN).En el estudio de validación, comparamos el rendimento de un grupo de pacientes con deterioro cognitivo leve, demencia tipo Alzheimer en fase inicial y enfermedad de Parkinson sin demencia con un grupo de sujetos sanos. Presentamos el perfil cognitivo obtenido de cada uno de los grupos de pacientes, así como las diferencias más importantes respecto al rendimiento en los subtests. Presentamos un punto de corte de 84 en la PN para discriminar con un alto valor predictivo entre sujetos control y demencia tipo Alzheimer. En referencia a fiabilitdad test-retest, obtuvimos un coeficiente de correlación intraclase (CCI) de 0.79 de la PN. Respecto a la fiabilidad interevaluadores, obtuvimos un CCI global de la PN de 0.99 entre doce evaluadores y presentamos además, el grado de acuerdo entre los diferentes evaluadores y los diferentes subtests. Finalmente, para aportar datos sobre la validez convergente, discriminante y concurrente de la prueba, realizamos estudios correlacionales de las variables del test con pruebas de cribaje cognitivo, la versión abreviada del PIEN-TB y diversas pruebas neuropsicológicas de uso habitual. A modo de conclusión, consideramos que la versión estándar del PIEN-TB II constituye un instrumento de exploración neuropsicológica que incluye pruebas para evaluar diferentes funciones cognitivas de una forma fiable, válida y con una capacidad para discriminar entre el estado cognitivo de sujetos sanos y el de pacientes con enfermedad de Alzheimer.
The main objective of this work is to develop, normalize and validate the standar version of the second version of Test Barcelona (PIEN-TB II) and thus provide a reliable, valid and highly diagnostic accurate neuropsychological instrument that could describe the cognitive differeances between healthy aging and cognitive impairment. Our project is constituted by three specific parts. First of all, the test development process, secondly the normative study and finally the validation study. Critical analysis of the previous versions of the Test Barcelona and a literature search to analyze the current neuropsychological techniques were conducted to carry out the development of this instrument. At the end of the development process, a forty-seven subtest instrument was created to assess orientation, language, reading and writing, memory, attention, executive function, praxis and gnosis. Secondly, 249 healthy controls (from 20 to 86 years old) were tested to obtain normative data of the PIEN-TB II. Means, standar deviations and percentils tables of seven age and education groups of the sample are provided. Moreover, process of the standar score development is included the normative study section. The validation of the PIEN-TB II included the performance of three groups of patients (mild cognitive impairment, Alzheimer disease, and Parkinson disease without dementia) compared to a healthy control group. Cognitive profile of each patients group and the most important differeances between them are provided. A cutt-off of 84 on the standar score is presented as a high sensitive and specific score to distinguish Alzheimer disease from healthy controls. The test-retest and inter-rater reliability of the standar score were 0.79 and 0.99 (intraclass correlation coefficient). Twelve raters agreement in all the PIEN-TB II items is also provided. Construct, discriminant and convergent validity of the test was supported by the expected correlations with screening tests, the abbreviated version of Barcelona Test and some neuropsychological tests often utilized in clinical practice. In summary, PIEN-TB II is a complete neuropsichological battery that includes a wide number of cognitve domains, and a reliable, valid and highly accurate test to discriminate between cognitive status of healthy controls and patients with Alzheimer disease.
Miranda, Diane da Costa. "Mini-addenbrookes cognitive examination (M-ACE) como instrumento de avaliação cognitiva breve no comprometimento cognitivo leve e doença de Alzheimer leve." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5138/tde-28092018-082520/.
Full textINTRODUCTION: The Mini-Addenbrooke\'s Cognitive Examination (M-ACE) consists of a brief cognitive assessment test composed of five items that aim to evaluate four main cognitive domains (orientation, memory, language and visuospatial function) with a maximum score of 30 points and a time of administration of five minutes. OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the performance of cognitively healthy elderly, MCI and mild AD in the Brazilian version of M-ACE. METHODS: The test was applied to a group of 23 patients with mild probable AD, 36 MCI and 25 cognitively healthy elderly. All included participants were aged >= 60 years. Patients with moderate or severe dementia, dementia of another etiology, severe comorbidities with potential to compromise cognition and use of psychotropic medication were excluded. The accuracy of the test was evaluated by analyzing the ROC curves. Spearman\'s correlation coefficients were used to analyze the relationship between the M-ACE scores and the other cognitive tests applied. In order to analyze the internal consistency of the M-ACE, the Cronbach\'s alpha coefficient was used. RESULTS: There was a predominance of females, mean age was 73 years, with a predominant age range of 60-69 years. The average level of schooling was 11 years. MACE presented high internal consistency (Cronbach\'s alpha > 0.8, 95% CI 0.776 to 0.869) and showed to be extremely capable of differentiating the AD group from the other participants, with a higher accuracy than the MMSE. The cutoff point of 20 was the one with the highest sensitivity and specificity (95.6% and 90.16%, respectively), with an AUC considered to be high (AUC = 0.805, 95% CI 0.705-0.904). The M-ACE presented better accuracy in differentiating the three groups when compared to the MMSE (71.43 versus 60.71). It was also observed a more robust precision in differentiating DA of MCI with M-ACE (63.89 versus 30.56 in MMSE). The total M-ACE score was not very influenced by age and schooling. M-ACE showed a strong correlation with MMSE (spearman = 0.78), as well as all items (except perception) of BBRC and QAF (spearman = -0.76). CONCLUSIONS: M-ACE can be considered a brief screening tool with high accuracy in the diagnosis of AD. The cutoff point suggested in this study is 20 for AD and 27 for MCI
Dilax, Albert. "Informatisation d'une situation de travail : l'exemple d'un test cognitif, la batterie factorielle d'aptitudes de Manzione." Rouen, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1995ROUEL202.
Full textAlthough in dramatic growth, computer-based testing is the target of many interrogations concerning the rules of the ethic and the identity itself of the psychologists. The central element of its paradigm is the equivalence between the traditionnal and the informatic forms of a same test. When working myself the computerization of different subtests of a factorial battery of aptitudes, i should prove that the respect of the principles of the conception of an interactive application and the knowledge of the user interface enable to reduce the risk of the invalidity of the informatic presentation. This hypothesis is not verified for many subtests. Only the subtests of vocabular and spatial representation are constant. The new form lose the psychometrics properties of the initial test. The computerization modify the attitude of the user in the task; she forces him into changing his strategies or his operationnal modes. However, the assumption is made that even if only cognitive process or style can be performed with this software, computerization is justified
Nishikawa, Mikako. "Test-takers' cognitive processes while synthesizing multiple texts and graphs." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/88d8c093-f612-4aec-b960-f66be0e0c821.
Full textCezar, Natália Oiring de Castro. "A identificação da síndrome da fragilidade no comprometimento cognitivo leve em idosos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5142/tde-16052017-171439/.
Full textIntroduction: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a possibly prodromal phase of dementia and therefore is an important target in the early diagnosis and future treatment strategy. At the same time, the fragility syndrome (FS) is a common disease among the elderly and is associated with low cognitive performance and higher incidence of MCI. Thus, it is expected that the elderly with MCI show a greater number of criteria for frailty when compared to controls. Objective: To identify and characterize the FS through validated instruments in elderly patients with MCI and evaluate cognitive performance according to the frailty phenotype. Methods: cross-sectional, observational and descriptive design. In the study, 40 subjects with amnestic MCI and 26 controls without neuropsychiatric disorders, follow-up in a cohort of cognitive disorders with clinical, neurological, psychiatric, neuropsychological and functional evaluation. The FS was assessed by the Fried criteria (CHS), the Edmonton Frail Scale (EFS), and the FRAIL scale. Data were analyzed using the software R. Results: the prevalence of SF varied on the criteria used (EFS 7.5%, CHS 30%) and was significantly higher in the MCI group when assessed by EFS (p = 0.047), but not with the CHS (p = 0.255) or FRAIL (p = 0.155). The variable fatigue of CHS (p = 0.036) and variables mood (p = 0.019) and functional independence (p = 0.042) from EFS were significantly different among groups. The visuospatial function (OR = 2.405, p = 0.042) was associated with CHS criteria. There was a significant correlation between the CHS weight parameter with functional independence (p = 0.034), nutrition (p = 0.002) and continence (p = 0.035) of EFS; between gait in CHS with functional independence (p = 0.001), medicine (p = 0,015) and functional performance (p < 0.001) of EFS; and between fatigue from CHS with general health (p = 0.032), medication (p = 0.038) and functional performance (p = 0.016) of EFS. Conclusion: The identification of frailty features in MCI depends on the protocol used for evaluation. The visuospatial function was related to higher risk of frailty according to CHS
Serrao, Valeria Trunkl. "Desempenho de uma amostra de indivíduos com comprometimento cognitivo leve, doença de Alzheimer e idosos saudáveis em tarefa de decisão lexical." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5138/tde-11012016-151041/.
Full textIntroduction: Lexical decision tasks make it possible to estimate previous cognitive functioning or pre morbid IQ. Through this estimate we can establish whether there was a cognitive decline or maintenance in comparison to the previous functioning. If we take into account the rapid aging of the elderly population and the associated neurodegenerative diseases, early diagnosis of these these desease is crucial. Although the assessment of pre morbid IQ is fundamental for mapping the previous global cognitive functioning, there are no studies involving Brazilian population that used lexical decision task to obtain this measurement. Objective: To evaluate the performance of healthy elderly, Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer\'s disease (AD) participants using a lexical decision test (LDT). Methods: One hundred and twenty-five individuals, 38 healthy elderly subjects, 61 MCI and 26 AD, with diagnosis previously established by medical staff, were recruited from the Cognitive and Behaviour Neurology Group (GNCC) of the Hospital das Clinicas and from the Reference Center for Cognitive Disorders of the Hospital das Clinicas (CEREDIC. The performance of patients in the LDT was compared to that of other tests already validated for the Brazilian population. Results: Group means in the LDT did not differ significantly (p = 0.091). Education and LDT together accounted for 66.3% of the variability in the control group estimated IQ. It was found a moderate correlation between vocabulary subtest of the Wechsler Scale for Adults and LDT scores (both are measures of crystallized intelligence), with r = 0.56 and p < 0.001. Future studies with different samples of the Brazilian population might support or expand the obtained results. Conclusion: Preliminary results of the LDT showed that lexical decision may be a measure of pre morbid IQ in individuals from a sample from the Brazilian population
DULAY, MARIO FARIN JR. "ASSESSMENT OF THE INFLUENCE OF COGNITION AND COGNITIVE PROCESSING SPEED ON THREE TESTS OF OLFACTION." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1116274924.
Full textCruz, Sylvio Benedicto. "A teoria da modificabilidade cognitiva estrutural de Feuerstein. Aplicação do Programa de Enriquecimento Instrumental (PEI) em estudantes da 3ª série de escolas do ensino médio." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/48/48134/tde-10122007-160413/.
Full textIn the recent past, both society and labour market are demanding from citizens a performance far different from those accept until then. The major lacks of workers may concern, among others, to the development of specific personal competences and to the improve of the cognitive process. Schools, responsible for the preparation for life in society - including the life in the labour market - don\'t usually take intentional educational actions aiming the improve of the cognitive development of their students. The focus of the present study is mainly on analyzing the possibility of Schools to make an intentional effort to develop student\'s cognitive habilities, future workers, using a preexisting program created and structured for this meaning by Reuven Feuerstein. In the late 40\'s, Feurstein took the task of teaching hundreds of children and teenagers, war orphan children, to become autonomous and productive citizens. Facing the real need of improving their cognitive habilities and rescuing their citizenship, Feuerstein came up - using his own wide world perception, personal beliefs and experience - with two theories: Structural Cognitive Modifiability (SCM) and Mediated Learning Experience (MLE) and three interrelated systems, or an evaluation system: Learning Potential Assesment Device (LPAD), an interventional system: Feuerstein Instrumental Enrichment (FIE) and a maintenance system: Shaping Modifying Environments (ME). The aim of this paper is to evaluate the effect of the first level of the Feuerstein Instrumental Enrichment (FIE I) on 3rd grade public or private High School student\'s cognitive development. Summing up, there were 96 students involved in this project (54 boys and 42 girls) from two different High Schools: one private and one public. Sixty seven of these students were placed on experimental groups that were submitted to FIE I and the other 29 kids took part on control groups, staying away from the program application. All the students participated on an initial evaluation, facing six instruments, some of then allowing a dynamic evaluation. From the instrument result analysys, needs were raised and intervention procedures were established. The students\'s experimental group was submitted to the first level of the Feuerstein Instrumental Enrichment (FIE I). During its application, the students had an intermediary evaluation, made by the application of the evaluation instrument and by a questionnaire to measure the student\'s level of perception about the (FIE I). Finally, all the participants were submitted to a final evaluation. The results were analyzed in a descriptive statistical way. The U or Mann-Whitney tests and the t for Student test were used to indicate probable similarities and differences among the student\'s groups performances. From its discussion were put together propositions to justify the following conclusions: The student\'s experimental group structural cognitive modifiability was raised. The cognitive development shown by the student\'s experimental group was higher than the cognitive performance shown by the student\'s control group.
Gurian, Maria Beatriz Ferreira. "Rastreamento cognitivo por instrumento baseado no MEEM em idosos não institucionalizados residentes em Batatais-SP." Universidade de São Paulo, 2003. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17139/tde-24112006-151338/.
Full textThe cognitive impairment in the old has its effects on their lives, families and relationships with society. A widely used instrument of cognitive assessment is the MMSE- Mini Mental State - that is a screening test whose aim is to select people with probable cognitive deficiency. A significant sample of the population of 394 old people from Batatais - SP, was evaluated through a home survey considering the socioeconomic and health conditions and a screening of depressive symptoms and cognitive performance was done through an instrument based on MMSE. The great majority of people who were interviewed were female (66%) and 75.4% of the old belonged to an age group from 60 to 74 years old, being considered \"younger old\". Regarding scholarship, most of them had attended primary school (62.2%). Considering the illiterate 77.1% were women and 22.9% were men. Concerning marital status a huge difference between the proportion of widows (80.2%) and widowers (19.8%) was found. With reference to familiar income 43.7% of the population earned less than 2.5 minimum wages. To evaluate the cognitive performance a cut off ? 23 for MMSE was used. It was observed that 81.7% of the old were above and 18.3% were under this point. The old who achieved the highest scores had factors such as age (60-69 years old), better scholarship level, reading habits, a good social relationship (mainly with relatives), no high blood pressure, no diabetes, no urinary incontinence, no cataract and absence of depressive symptoms.
Cobo, Sandra. "Mise au point de tests comportementaux (cognitifs et moteurs) chez le microcèbe pour l’évaluation des déficits dans les maladies neurodégénératives." Thesis, Paris, EPHE, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EPHE3001.
Full textAnimal behavior has become a fundamental tool in translational neuroscience area and is useful for studying physiological mechanisms underlying neurological diseases and also for understanding the functional modifications induced by genetic manipulation or chemical treatment. The experiment of new treatments requires animal models miming the human pathology. In Humans batteries of cognitive and motor tests are used to qualify and quantify the impairment due to neurodegenerative disease as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson’s disease. The aim of this work is to promote Microcebus murinus as a model of age related neurodegenerative pathologies. The grey mouse lemur, a small prosimian primate, phylogenetically close to Human, presents specific characteristics susceptible to provide important information on the validity and efficacy of new. The validation of a model requires the use of behavioral tests to discriminate neurodegenerative impairment. A set of behavioral tests were worked out to evaluate learning memory and motor functions. Healthy animals were evaluated and allowed to define protocols species specific. These protocols were then applied on animals treated to induce pathology such as Parkinson or Alzheimer in order to detect cognitive or motor impairments
Spindola, Livia. "Memória prospectiva em pacientes com comprometimento cognitivo leve." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5138/tde-26082015-153348/.
Full textIntroduction: Prospective memory is the ability to formulate intentions and realize them at a future time. Despite the relevance of prospective memory to everyday functioning and the potential for prospective memory task in to detect the earliest signs of cognitive decline, these tasks rarely are utilized as part of the clinical evaluations of older adults. Objectives: The objectives of the present study were to: (1) Characterize the prospective memory performance of patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and compare their performance with normal controls; (2) Investigate the relationship between prospective memory measures, neuropsychological tests and demographic variables; (3) Evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of subjective and objective prospective memory measures for detecting MCI. Methods: The study included 30 patients with amnestic MCI (aMCI), 20 with nonamnestic MCI (naMCI) and 30 healthy controls. All participants underwent neuropsychological assessment completed the Prospective and Retrospective Memory Questionnaire. Participants were also asked to perform a prospective memory task in their everyday lives. Results: Individuals with aMCI and naMCI performed significantly worse than controls on time-based and event-based objective prospective memory measures. Participants with aMCI demonstrated poorer performance in prospective memory measure carried out in everyday life than naMCI. Significant correlations were found between objective prospective memory measures, neuropsychological tests of retrospective memory, attention and executive functioning and age. Participants with aMCI reported more prospective and retrospective memory complaints than the healthy adults. The objective prospective memory measure was able to discriminate with good accuracy the groups of patients from controls in both amnestic and nonaminestic subtypes. The subjective prospective memory measure showed good accuracy to differentiate the groups, but not correlated with objective measures of prospective memory. Conclusion: The results suggest that individuals with MCI display prospective memory impairment when compared to healthy adults. These results have important implications for clinical practice and to develop of more appropriate programs of cognitive rehabilitation.
Wu-Puigbo, Ya-Huei. "Validation d'un test de barrage informatisé sur tablette évaluant les fonctions exécutives auprès d'une population gériatrique." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCB210/document.
Full textIn the context of early detection of cognitive impairment associated with dementia, an area of research focus concerns development and validation of computerized tests. We have developed a tablet-based cancellation test (e-CT), based on an existing paper-and-pencil cancellation test (K-T test). We studied the variables influencing performance on the e-CT and its psychometric properties. Among healthy older adults, only age was found to be an influencing variable. The performance on the e-CT was not influenced by experience with a computer-based device. However, for patients suffering from cognitive impairment, those using a computer-based device daily outperformed those who were not daily users. Further analyses showed that daily users conserved better cognitive capacities than non-daily users. The e-CT showed significant correlations with several measures of executive functions (convergent validity), but there was no relationship between the e-CT and the episodic memory test (divergent validity). It showed good test-retest reliability. The e-CT had good diagnostic accuracy in differentiating between healthy elderly subjects and patients with cognitive impairment. In conclusion, the e-CT test shows satisfying psychometric properties and is a promising tool for neuropsychological assessment in older adults
Ribeiro, Rui Bártolo. "Os tempos de latência nas respostas aos itens de testes informatizados: Contributos para a compreensão do precessamento cognitivo." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Psicologia Aplicada, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.12/853.
Full textA velocidade de processamento de informação está fortemente relacionada com o constructo inteligência geral (Jensen, 1982; Vernon, Nador, & Kantor, 1985b), assim como, a velocidade mental, tal como a capacidade da memória de trabalho poderão ser considerados medidas indirectas da inteligência geral. Se bem que a capacidade da memória de trabalho possa ser operacionalizada pela velocidade mental, a verdade é de que não existe racional teórico que sustente a redução da capacidade da memória de trabalho à velocidade mental (Stankov & Roberts, 1997). Por outro lado, o rendimento numa tarefa cognitiva, irá ser, não só uma função da capacidade de armazenamento/processamento da memória de trabalho como também da complexidade da mesma percepcionada pelo sujeito (Marshalek, Lohman, & Snow, 1983; Stankov, 2000). A percepção da estrutura da tarefa e sua complexidade permite a emergência de factores não-cognitivos limitadores da expressão plena da capacidade cognitiva do sujeito (Stankov, 2000; Wilhelm & Schulze, 2002). Nos testes informatizados, a velocidade mental no processamento de informação relativa a provas cognitivas pode ser operacionalizada pelos tempos de latência, que corresponde ao tempo gasto pelo sujeito, desde que o item lhe é apresentado até expressar a resposta. Foram realizados dois estudos centrados nos tempos de latência a itens de testes de realização cognitiva fortemente saturados de factor g (um do tipo das figuras embebidas e outro de inteligência geral) aplicados a sujeitos em situação real de selecção: 731 candidatos ao curso de pilotagem da Força Aérea Portuguesa no primeiro estudo e a 300 candidatos a condutores de veículos pesados de transporte de passageiros. Os tempos de latência médios são diferentes quando os sujeitos acertam ou erram os itens. Aos itens respondidos correctamente corresponderam tempos de latência mais rápidos e mais homogéneos do que aos incorrectos. Verificou-se a emergência de factores não-cognitivos que limitaram a eficiência dos sujeitos em termos de velocidade mental, tendo-se verificado diferenças significativas na comparação entre as diferenças alternativas de respostas. Os candidatos foram significativamente mais rápidos quando a figura-alvo se encontrava nas duas figuras complexas, do que quando não se encontrava em nenhuma. Numa prova de escolha múltipla a incerteza da resposta pode potenciar a complexidade do item proporcionando a emergência de factores não cognitivos que limitam a eficiência da memória de trabalho, baixando a velocidade de resposta. O número de respostas correctas decresce, aumentando o tempo de latência, à medida que aumenta o grau de complexidade Schweizer (1996). Este aspecto é agravado pelo conhecimento do tempo restante para terminar. No segundo estudo, foram utilizadas as Matrizes Progressivas de Raven na sua forma Standard, mas de aplicação em suporte informático. Os resultados, à semelhança do estudo anterior, apontam para a confirmação da hipótese de que à medida que os itens vão apresentando maior índice de complexidade, maior é o tempo gasto na sua resolução. Quando se dividiu a amostra em dois grupos com diferentes níveis de rendimento intelectual global, verificou-se que os sujeitos com maior capacidade mental geral tendem a responder mais rapidamente que os sujeitos com menor índice de capacidade mental geral. Apesar de as diferenças dos tempos de latência entre estes dois grupos tenderem a aumentar à medida que aumenta o grau de dificuldade dos itens, este padrão é significativamente influenciado pela limitação temporal da aplicação do teste. O sujeito mais inteligente tem vantagens em realizar um teste de aptidão mental com complexidade crescente e tempo limite de aplicação. Nos itens iniciais (teoricamente menos complexos) acede mais rapidamente à informação necessária e responde mais rapidamente às perguntas com a excepção dos itens demasiadamente simples. Nas questões mais complexas, os mais inteligentes, ao serem mais rápidos a processarem informação, têm a possibilidade de executá-las sem que a capacidade (limitada) da memória de trabalho entre em sobrecarga. No segundo estudo, também se verificou a influência de factores de ordem não-cognitiva na resolução de tarefas cognitivas. Se considerarmos as cinco séries de doze itens que compõem a prova, os tempos de latência gastos pelos sujeitos nos itens iniciais, intermédios e finais de cada série são diferentes entre si. Quando comparamos os sujeitos em termos do seu nível de capacidade mental geral, verifica-se que as diferenças entre os grupos são apenas estatisticamente significativas para os itens intermédios de cada série. Os resultados convergem com os do estudo de Stankov (2000), em que o aumento de complexidade cognitiva está associado à maior probabilidade de emergência de factores não cognitivos na realização de tarefas intelectuais reduzindo a eficiência da memória de trabalho e baixando consequentemente a velocidade mental. O rendimento do sujeito é, assim, afectado não só pelas suas limitações em termos de processamento de informação, como também por aspectos de ordem não-cognitiva. As características não-cognitivas, nomeadamente as de personalidade poderão interferir na estratégia cognitiva individual de controlo do esforço e tempo. Dos dois estudos realizados, parece ser claro que o acesso ao tempo de latência das respostas, conseguido através da informatização dos testes, permite-nos conhecer melhor, não só as diferenças individuais ao nível do atributo cognitivo que se está a avaliar, como também das implicações da própria estrutura da prova na estratégia de resolução dos itens.
Oliveira, Maira Okada de. "Uso do S-TOFHLA em pacientes com doença de Alzheimer leve e comprometimento cognitivo leve como medida da avaliação ao analfabetismo funcional." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5138/tde-16012013-174358/.
Full textINTRODUCTION: The greatest challenge in the diagnosis of cognitive loss in our population is its educational heterogeneity, with a spectrum ranging from illiteracy, functional illiteracy and various degrees of literacy even with the same level of schooling. OBJECTIVES: To compare the results obtained in the S-TOFHLA among control subjects, patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and patients with Alzheimer\'s disease (AD) and correlate those scores with years of formal schooling, Neuropsychological Assessment, and the scores achieved on Raven\'s Colored Progressive Matrices and Vocabulary and Block Design subtests of the WAIS-III as a measure of estimated intellectual level. METHODS: The sample consisted of 148 subjects, of which 61 were healthy controls, 42 had MCI and 45 had AD. All participants underwent neuropsychological assessment, S-TOFHLA and functional evaluation. RESULTS: In the neuropsychological evaluation it was observed that in the tests Block Design, Raven and IQ Estimate statistical differences were found between MCI and control groups, control and AD, but not between the MCI and AD groups. In the S-TOFHLA, there was a statistically significant difference in reading comprehension and in the total score in all three groups (control, MCI and AD). In the Numeric item, the only statistical difference occurred between control and AD. The S-TOFHLA strongly correlated with the estimated IQ. CONCLUSIONS: The S-TOFHLA is influenced by disease progression showing significant difference between groups. The changes in fluid intelligence occur since the onset of disease. The Vocabulary subtest remained with similar results in different degrees of cognitive impairment, showing that semantic memory and crystallized intelligence are preserved.
Stewart, Maureen. "The effects of age and education on selected cognitive tests: the trail making test, the digit symbol sub-test, and the finger tapping test." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004601.
Full textRodrigues, Cleonisio Leite. "Espectro do comprometimento cognitivo na neurocisticercose: diferenças de acordo com a fase da doença." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5138/tde-19092011-153401/.
Full textIntroduction: Cognitive decline related to neurocysticercosis (NC) remains poorly characterized and underdiagnosed. We have previously shown that a significant proportion of active NC patients (A-NC) present cognitive and functional impairment. Until now, there is no control study that have evaluated cognitive abnormalities in patients in the calcified phase of NC. Objective: To evaluate the cognitive performance of the largest subgroup of NC, the strict calcified patients (C-NC). Check the presence of dementia and cognitive impairment no-dementia (CIND) and correlate the results with neuroimaging findings. To investigate whether there is a spectrum of cognitive abnormalities in the disease according to disease phase. Methods and participants: Forty treatment-naive patients with C-NC aged 37.6 ± 11.3 years and fulfilling absolute criteria for definitive C-NC were submitted to a comprehensive cognitive and functional evaluation and were compared with 40 active NC patients (A-NC) and 40 healthy controls (HC) matched for age and education. All patients of C-NC group underwent brain MRI study in order to exclude other causes of epilepsy and signs of inflammatory activity. Results: Patients with C-NC presented 9.4 ± 3.1 altered test scores out of the 30 from the cognitive battery when compared to HC. No C-NC patient had dementia and 10 patients (25%) presented CIND. The A-NCYST group had five patients (12.5%) with dementia and 11 patients (27.5%) with CIND. More than 50% of C-NC patients had low performance in verbal memory, attention and executive functions in comparison to CS. No significant correlation was found between cognitive performance and the number of lesions and seizure frequency. On follow-up, three out of five previously demented A-NCYST patients still presented cystic lesions with scolex on MRI and were still demented. One patient died and the remaining patient no longer fulfilled criteria for neither dementia nor CIND, presenting exclusively calcified lesions on neuroimaging. Conclusion: The results of our controlled study shows that NC, independently of its phase, leads to a spectrum of cognitive abnormalities, ranging from impairment in a single domain, to CIND and, occasionally, to dementia. These findings are more conspicuous during active vesicular phase and less prominent in calcified stages
Torres, Enma Mariángel Ortiz. "RECONHECIMENTO DE FALA, HABILIDADES AUDITIVAS E COGNITIVAS EM ADULTOS BILÍNGUES." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2013. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/6545.
Full textOBJECTIVE: to verify and to compare the performance of monolingual and bilingual individuals in the recognition of situations of favorable listening (silence) and in situations of not favorable listening (noise), with their cognitive and listening abilities. MATERIAL AND METHOD: The present study is about an observational research, transversal, and descriptive, which compares the findings of monolingual and bilingual individuals. This group study was formed by 87 individuals between 18 and 55 years old, distributed in control groups, 30 monolingual Brazilian portuguese speaking and group study, 31 bilingual brazilian s portuguese and german speakers, and 26 bilinguals brazilian s portuguese and Italian speakers. The individuals were summoned to two different moments of surveying, initially the basic surveys for basic audio of recognition of speaking was made by the test lista de sentenças in portuguese (LSP). Furthermore, the survey about the audio assessment was analyzed and performed by using two tests, which are dissilabos alternados and sobrepostos (SSW) and teste dicotico de digitos (TDD). Afterwards, a survey about the cognitive abilities was performed, using the bateria de provas de reciocinio (BPR-5) test. RESULTS: The completed surveys made using the LSP test have had shown that bilingual individuals and monolingual individuals develop similar speaking performances, when summoned to silence, in the speaking recognition of speech in noise, there was a better verified performance of the bilingual groups in comparison to the monolinguals. Additionally, for the cognitive abilities there was a better performance of general cognition, with a slight statistic perceptual error, which favored bilinguals. In term of each one of the surveyed cognitive abilities, the verbal reasoning, spatial and mechanic showed a big statistic difference, which favored bilinguals. However, in logic and math, bilinguals and monolinguals did not show any divergence. In audio abilities, which were verified by SSW s test, there was a statistic significant difference, favoring bilinguals. CONCLUSION: After this research, one must acknowledge that bilingual and monolingual individuals present similar performances when it comes to hearing and understanding once the speech is presented in silence. When the speech is presented through noise, there were illustrating facts that bilinguals present better performance compared to monolinguals. In the cognitive field, we shall suggest that life experience in bilinguals might have influence over the cognitive performance and verbal judgment, spatial and mechanic, as well as in hearing abilities of attention and background figure.
OBJETIVOS: verificar e comparar o desempenho de indivíduos monolíngues e bilíngues no reconhecimento de fala em situações de escuta favoráveis (silêncio) e em situações de escuta não favoráveis (ruído), assim como suas habilidades auditivas e cognitivas. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: o presente estudo trata-se de uma pesquisa observacional, transversal, descritiva e quantitativa que compara os achados auditivos de indivíduos monolíngues e bilíngues. O grupo estudado foi composto por 87 indivíduos entre a faixa etária de 18 e 55 anos de idade, distribuídos em grupo controle, 30 monolíngues falantes do português brasileiro e grupo estudo, 31 bilíngues falantes do português brasileiro e do alemão e 26 bilíngues, falantes do português brasileiro e do italiano. Os indivíduos foram submetidos a dois momentos distintos de avaliação. Inicialmente, foram realizadas as avaliações auditivas básicas, de reconhecimento de fala através do teste Lista de sentenças em Português (LSP) e do processamento auditivo através do teste de Dissílabos Alternados e Sobrepostos (SSW) e posteriormente, efetuou-se a avaliação das habilidades cognitivas, através do teste Bateria de Provas de Raciocínio (BPR-5). RESULTADOS: as avaliações realizadas, através do LSP, demonstraram que indivíduos bilíngues e monolíngues apresentam desempenhos semelhantes na tarefa de reconhecimento de fala, quando avaliados no silêncio, já no reconhecimento de fala no ruído, foi verificado melhor desempenho dos grupos bilíngues, em relação aos monolíngues. Para a avaliação das habilidades cognitivas, verificou-se melhor desempenho da função cognitiva geral, com diferença estatisticamente significante, a favor dos bilíngues. Em relação a cada uma das habilidades cognitivas avaliadas, os raciocínios verbal, espacial e mecânico mostraram diferença estatisticamente significante a favor do grupo bilíngue, mas nos raciocínios matemático e abstrato os bilíngues e monolíngues não se diferenciaram. Nas habilidades auditivas, verificadas através do teste SSW, houve diferença estatisticamente significante a favor dos bilíngues. CONCLUSÕES: os achados da presente pesquisa verificaram que indivíduos bilíngues e monolíngues apresentavam desempenhos semelhantes no que concerne ao reconhecimento da mensagem ouvida, quando a fala é apresentada no silêncio. Quanto à fala no ruído, foram mostrados indícios positivos de que os bilíngues apresentavam melhor desempenho em relação aos monolíngues. No campo cognitivo, podemos sugerir que a vivência bilíngue parece ter influência no desempenho da função cognitiva geral e nos raciocínios verbal, espacial e mecânico, assim como nas habilidades auditivas de atenção, memória e figura- fundo.
Carreras, Ubach Ricard. "The cognitive bias test as a measure of emotional state in pigs." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/392711.
Full textThe assessment of animal emotions is a crucial goal in the study of animal welfare science. The cognitive bias (CB) test has been proposed as a measure to assess the valence (positive vs. negative) and the intensity of animal emotions and is based on the premise that subjects in negative emotional state will judge an ambiguous stimulus more negatively than subjects in positive emotional state. The aims of our first study were to assess the applicability and the consistency of the CB test (CBT) in pigs. Our results showed that pigs were able to learn the spatial discrimination task necessary to subsequently perform the CBT. However, there was lack of consistency between the responses of the CBT performed twice, leaving 5 weeks between them. This result suggests that pigs changed the perception of the ambiguous stimulus due to its ability to remember the outcome of the ambiguous stimulus during the second CBT or due to uncontrolled factors such as their age or hunger state over time. The aims of our second study were 1) to assess the effect of the gender and the halothane genotype on CB (using the CBT) and on the level of fear (using a novel object test, NOT), 2) to assess the relationship between the CB and the level of fear and 3) contrast the results of the CBT and the NOT with the concentrations of several brain neurotransmitters. No differences were found between genders and genotypes regarding the CB and regarding the level of fear but a positive correlation was found between the CBT and the NOT results, suggesting that fear plays an important role in the decision taken by the pig dealing with ambiguous stimuli. Moreover, more fearful pigs had lower concentration of dopamine on the prefrontal cortex, supporting the relationship between this neurotransmitter and the fear response. The aims of the third study were 1) to assess the effect of handling on the CB (assessed by a CBT), on the fear (assessed by NOT) and on the defence cascade response (assessed by the defence cascade test; DCT), 2) to assess the effect of handling on serum, saliva and hair cortisol concentration and 3) to assess the relationship between behavioural tests (CBT, NOT and DCT) and between these tests and cortisol concentrations. No differences between positive and negative handling were found regarding the behavioural tests and cortisol concentrations, suggesting that the handling treatment carried out was not powerful enough to induce such differences or that the measures used were not valid or not sensitive enough to assess such differences. Nevertheless, positive correlations were found between behavioural tests supporting that individual factors such as the fear level, the motivation or the coping style had an effect on pigs’ affective state. The fourth study carried out was aimed to assess the effect of housing conditions on the CBT, on the qualitative behaviour assessment (QBA), on the serum cortisol concentration and on the number of wounds on pigs’ carcass. The results showed that pigs raised in enriched housing conditions had better QBA scores, lower serum cortisol concentration and lower number of carcass lesions than pigs raised in barren housing conditions. However, the results of the CBT did not showed those differences suggesting that the test is not valid or not sufficiently sensitive to detect emotional variation in those pigs. In conclusion, is feasible to apply the CBT in pigs, as they performed correctly the required learning process, however, the test showed no consistency and no validity questioning its utility to assess the emotional state in pigs.
Moreno, Maria del Pilar Quintero. "Perfil neuropsicológico de sujeitos com comprometimento cognitivo leve de uma amostra comunitária da cidade de São Paulo (Brasil)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5142/tde-17102014-122252/.
Full textBACKGROUND: The impact on public health of neuropsychiatry disorders as dementia and mild cognitive impairment is growing as the population grows older in developing countries as Brazil. The diagnosis of these entities requires confirmation of cognitive impairment assessed by neuropsychological tests. OBJECTIVE: Compare the neuropsychological profile of Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) individuals and Normal subjects from a community sample identified in a Prevalence Study of Dementia and MCI in São Paulo. METHOD: The total sample (1.563 subjects over 60 years old) was randomly selected from three different social class areas of São Paulo. The subjects were classified as amnestic MCI following criteria adapted from Petersen et al. (1999) using the following instruments: 10-point questionnaire on memory complaints, Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), Fuld Object Memory Evaluation, and Activities of Daily Living - International Scale (ADL-IS). In a second phase, patients were submitted to the MMSE, ADL- IS, Self Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ 20) to identify psychiatric symptom, and Neuropsychological test battery to evaluate: Attention (Digit Symbol from WMS-R, Trail Making Test), Memory (Logic Memory and Visual Reproduction from WMS-R, Selective Reminding Test - Buschke 1973), Praxis (Clock drawing, Block Design - WAIS-R), Language (Boston Naming Test and Verbal Fluency - animal) and Intelligence (Estimated Intellectual Quotient - Vocabulary and Block Design from WAISR). RESULTS: 37 subjects classified as amnestic MCI and 31 Normal controls completed the evaluation. We did not found significant differences between the two groups in age, gender, years of education, civil status, social class, MMSE and SRQ-20 scores. There were significant differences between MCI and controls in the following tests: Trail Making A, Logical Memory (Immediate and Delayed recall), Selective Reminding Test (total learning), Visual Reproduction (Immediate and delayed Recall), Boston Naming Test (Naming and Paragnosias), Block Design, and Estimated IQ in which MCI subjects had a worse performance than the elderly Controls. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that the two groups evaluated through an extensive neuropsychological battery present differences in memory performance but also in other cognitive functions as attention, language and praxis. Perhaps the MCI multiple-domain concept would be more useful than the amnestic MCI considering individuals coming from community samples
Franco, Joana Bortolini. "Significado corporeado e significado como uso: uma investigação das relações entre a linguística cognitiva e a filosofia de Wittgenstein." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8139/tde-22052015-103908/.
Full textThis thesis presents the main results of a research dedicated to comparing and confronting Cognitive Linguistics conceptions of language and meaning with the formulations of the second phase of Ludwig Wittgensteins philosophy. Based on the reading and interpretation of fundamental texts in Cognitive Linguistics and of important publications of Wittgenstein, this thesis aims at highlighting the similarities and differences between these two lines of thought, in order to suggest promising lines of dialogue between them. It also intends to include in the debate other trends of Cognitive Sciences, respecting the interdisciplinary view of the language conceptions which have oriented this research. Although the discussions especially concern the notions of meaning and language, they also involve conceptions of rationality and cognition that touch several contemporary themes of relevance in western thought. In the early chapters, these notions appear in a wider context of thought, side by side in a debate between two paradigms: the objectivist and the experientialist paradigms. Cognitive Linguistics and late Wittgensteins philosophy likewise assume that human language cannot be considered as something isolated from its concrete use. The conflict between them begins when we have, on the one hand, a conception of meaning grounded in the experience with the body as a biological organism, and, on the other hand, an approach to language that excludes the concern with any causal fundament of language use. This difference has been partially presented in terms of a difference between Science and Philosophy, but mainly taking into account the internalist aspect of Cognitive Linguistics and the externalist aspect of Wittgensteins conceptions. After discussing the models of Cognitive Linguistics to explain certain particularities of language use, which Wittgenstein has likewise noted, the notions of language-game and form of life are investigated; an interpretation focused on the idea of language as human action has been proposed. This interpretation suggests that the notion of form of life should be seen from an interactionist point of view, which has consequences to the conception of meaning brought from Wittgenstein and to its approximation with Cognitive Linguistics. Finally, the original research questions are reset with a new focus: the problems suggested by the difference between Science and Philosophy are left aside and the opposition between embodied meaning and public meaning is reformulated to the one that gives title of this thesis: embodied meaning and meaning as use. This reformulation points to the necessity of not opposing an embodied conception of meaning and an interactional and action oriented view, as found in the second philosophy of Wittgenstein.
Lakin, Joni Marie. "Comparison of test directions for ability tests: impact on young English-language learner and non-ELL students." Diss., University of Iowa, 2010. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/536.
Full textHoelzle, James B. "Neuropsychological Assessment and the Cattell-Horn-Carroll (CHC)Cognitive Abilities Model." Connect to full text in OhioLINK ETD Center, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1216405861.
Full textSilva, Ana Clara Araújo Gomes da. "Exame do raciocínio científico (ERC): revisão bibliográfica, aplicação no sudoeste goiano e proposta de novo método de análise dos resultados." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2017. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/7687.
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The deficiency in some reasoning patterns of students has been measured and revealed by several studies. This deficiency is often reflected in low rates of academic performance, high dropout rates, and negatively influencing students’ interest in computer courses. In recent work, Pessoni [96] has shown that among more than thirty cognitive development assessment methods studied, Lawson’s Classroom Test of Scientific Reasoning (LCTSR) would be a candidate for application in university students according to the criteria defined. The LCTSR was translated and applied in a series of student groups of the undergraduate courses of the Institute of Informatics of the Federal University of Goiás. Starting from the results obtained by Pessoni, the objectives of this research work are: 1. Systematic Review of Literature - RSL; 2. Application of the Scientific Reasoning Examination - ERC in students of Computing in Southwest Goiania; 3. Phylogenetic systematics to evaluate ERC. Analyze the patterns of reasoning of interest groups, then develope and conduct efficient and effective activities that promote the cognitive development of individuals is one of the objectives of the research group. It is believed that this work contributes to a further step in this direction.
A deficiência em alguns padrões de raciocínio dos estudantes tem sido medida e revelada por diversos estudos. Essa deficiência muitas vezes se reflete em baixas taxas de rendimento, altas taxas de evasão e influenciam negativamente no interesse dos discentes pelos cursos da Computação. Em trabalho recente, Pessoni [96] mostrou que, entre mais de trinta métodos de avaliação do desenvolvimento cognitivo estudados, o Lawson’s Classroom Test of Scientific Reasoning (LCTSR) seria um candidato para aplicação em estudantes universitários segundo os critérios definidos. O LCTSR foi traduzido e aplicado em uma série de grupos de estudantes dos cursos de graduação do Instituto de Informática da Universidade Federal de Goiás. Partindo dos resultados obtidos por Pessoni, este trabalho de pesquisa teve como objetivos: 1. Revisão Sistemática da Literatura - RSL; 2. aplicação do Exame do Raciocínio Científico - ERC em estudantes de Computação do Sudoeste Goiano; 3. Sistemática Filogenética para avaliar o ERC. Analisar os padrões de raciocínio dos grupos de interesse, para então, elaborar e conduzir atividades eficientes e eficazes que promovam o desenvolvimento cognitivo dos indivíduos é um dos objetivos do grupo de pesquisa. Acredita-se que este trabalho contribui para mais um passo nessa direção.
Wasielewski, Sean. "Discrimination of brain-damaged, depressed, and normal subjects using the Woodcock-Johnson tests of cognitive ability-revised." Virtual Press, 1998. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1117101.
Full textDepartment of Educational Psychology
Horie, Nidia Celeste. "Mudança cognitiva em obesos com comprometimento cognitivo leve submetidos à perda intencional de peso." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5135/tde-11052015-114427/.
Full textObesity in adulthood is a risk factor for developing dementia. The populational rise in obesity and life expectancy increase the importance of search for strategies for prevention and treatment to reduce the risk of cognitive decline. In this study we evaluated if in elderly obese with Mild Cognitive Impairment, weight loss induced by diet could improve aspects of cognition, and if the apolipoprotein E genotype, metabolic profile and inflammatory markers also influence these tests. A prospective, randomized clinical trial was conducted at Ambulatório de Endocrinologia do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da USP, between 2011 and 2013, including patients 60 years or older, with a body mass index greater than or equal to 30 kg/m2, with mild cognitive impairment. They were randomized into two groups and followed by 12 months, one with conventional medical care (conventional group), another with also group meetings with nutricionists (26-28 sessions over 12 months), in order to achieve greater weight loss (intensive group). Of the 1605 volunteers were selected 80 subjects, mean age 68.1 ± 4.9 years, education 8.8 ± 4.6 years, BMI 35.5 ± 4.4kg/m2; 13 were male (16.3%), 67 (83.6%) had metabolic syndrome; 50 were physically active. The groups had similar baseline characteristics. After 12 months there was a decrease in BMI of 1.7 ± 1.8 kg/m2 (4.9% of weight), and 85% weight loss was in fat; similar between groups. There was improvement for most of the cognitive tests, without difference between groups. In the analysis of the whole group, the weight loss induced by diet was associated with improvements in memory, executive function, attention and subjective complaints, though this association was strongest under 70 years of age and in carriers of the ?4 allele of apolipoprotein E. Changes in insulin, HOMA-IR, triglycerides, C-reactive protein and leptin were associated with improvement in some cognitive tests; increased risk of worsening was associated with higher blood pressure levels (memory and global cognition), HbA1c (executive / visuospatial) and IL6 (attention and processing speed); higher adiponectin decreased risk of worsening (visual memory/verbal). There was improvement in verbal, visual and working memory associated with diet, with respect to decreased caloric intake, carbohydrates and fats, and unrelated to decreased protein intake memory. There was improvement in functional assessment in relation to gait speed and lower limb strength and improvement in quality of life associated with functional capacity, showing that the intervention did not bring damage to these areas. Intervention with caloric restriction in obese elderly, in order to promote weight loss was safe and had beneficial effects in cognition
Bonini, Milena Vaz. "Relação entre alterações de linguagem e déficits cognitivos não linguísticos em indivíduos afásicos após acidente vascular encefálico." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5138/tde-02062010-163239/.
Full textThe interface between language and other cognitive functions has been studied and the broad and extensive distribution of neural circuits has made the theme become very complex. The difficulty in assessing cognitive performance in aphasic patients excludes these patients from studies describing post-stroke cognitive deficits. Language assessment itself does not allow predicting the performance in other cognitive skills. Furthermore, language processing is supported by other cognitve abilities such as attention, memory, and executive functions. The literature about this theme in Brazil is scarce. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of aphasic patients in non-linguistic cognitive tasks (attention, verbal memory, non-verbal memory, executive functions and visuospatial skills), to compare the performance of aphasic and non-aphasic patients in non-linguistic cognitive tasks, and to correlate the performance of aphasic patients in nonlinguistic cognitive tasks and the aphasia severity. Forty seven individuals over 18 years old were enrolled in this research, both male and female, with minimum schooling level of two years, and diagnosis of first episode of stroke confirmed by CT brain scan. The following battery of tests was applied: Gesture Praxis Protocol (BDAE), Semantic (animals) and Phonemic (FAS) verbal fluency, Trail Making Test A and B, Cancellation Test, Word List Memory (CERAD), Figure Learning (BCB-Edu), Constructional Praxis (CERAD), Digit Span (DS) and Clock Drawing Test (CDT). The sample was divided in three groups: aphasic (AP,n=21), non-aphasic with left hemisphere lesion (NAP E, n = 17), and non-aphasic with right hemisphere lesion (NAP D, n = 9). The group of aphasic patients was also subdivided in severe (APs) and mild (APm). There was no significant statistical difference between the groups in the Cancellation Test, in the Trail Making test, and in the Constructional Praxis. The aphasic presented worse performance in comparison to groups NAP E and NAP D in Semantic fluency task, gesture praxis, DS (forward and backward), Word List Memory, Constructional Praxis recall (total score), Figure Learning, and CDT. In the Digit Span test, forward order, it was observed worse performance of group APs, in comparison to APm. It was verified a correlation between the aphasia severity and the performance in the DS test, forward order (rho=0,860, p=0,0001) and backward order (rho=0,543, p=0,0152), and in the Gesture Praxis test mainly in bucco-facial and respiratory praxis (rho=0,708, p=0,016). It was observed worse performance of groups AP and NAP E, in comparison to group NAP D, in the Word Recognition task, Figure Learning and CDT. The impairment of oral expression and hemiparesis interfered in the performance of aphasic patients. Literature points, and the study confirms, that aphasic patients show great variability in the performance. More adequate instruments for the assessment of non-linguistic skills in aphasic patients are necessary, besides studies that may be replicated in different populations. The assessment oof aphasic patients considering not only linguistic skills, but also other cognitive functions may help in the elaboration of more appropriate therapeutic planning and increase the efficacy of language therapy
Memória, Cláudia Maia. "Propriedades psicométricas de CANS-MCI: um teste computadorizado para avaliação do comprometimento cognitivo leve em idosos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5142/tde-11052012-140244/.
Full textBackground: Computer-Administered Neuropsychological Screen for Mild CognitiveImpairment (CANS-MCI) is a computerized test screening battery for mild cognitive impairment (MCI). MCI is transitional state between normal aging and dementia. Therefore, its detection becomes important for the implementation of preventive and therapeutic interventions. Objectives: To evaluate the psychometric properties of the CANS-MCI and analyze its diagnostic accuracy for MCI in a clinical sample of elderly Brazilians. Methods: Ninety-seven subjects were evaluated and classified as: normal controls (NC, n = 41), mild cognitive impairment (MCI, n = 35) and Alzheimer\'s disease (AD, n = 21). The diagnosis was previously established by a multidisciplinary team, based on clinical, neuropsychological and neuroimaging data. The performance of patients in the CANS-MCI was compared to other tests which have been validated for the Brazilian population. Results: The results indicated that the CANS-MCI showed high internal consistency (Cronbach\'s alpha = 0.77) and that the test-retest reliability was high (r = 0.875, p <0.001). There was a moderate correlation between the CANS-MCI total score and the RAVLT (for learning ability) (r=0.51, p <0.001). The CANS-MCI was able to discriminate NC from MCI (81% of sensitivity and 73% of specificity) and MCI from AD (100% of sensitivity and 97% of specificity), with high accuracy. Conclusion: The CANS-MCI in its Brazilian version maintained its original psychometric properties, it was stable at retest and it was able to differentiate between unimpaired seniors from those diagnosed with MCI and AD. Results suggest this computerized battery can be used to screen for MCI among elderly Brazilian
Baccaro, Alessandra Fernandes. "Depressão e prejuízo cognitivo pós-acidente vascular cerebral: avaliação expandida no Estudo de Mortalidade e Morbidade do AVC (EMMA), São Paulo, Brasil." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5169/tde-07022019-095255/.
Full textINTRODUCTION: Stroke, depression and cognitive impaiment are comorbidities associated with the high burden of disability worldwide. Depression and cognitive impairment are responsible for increased post-stroke morbidity and mortality. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the cerebrovascular risk factors associated with the development of post-stroke depression (PSD) and post-stroke cognitive impairment (PCI) based on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and biomarkers (serotonin, BDNF, IL-6, IL-18) in the subacute phase (1-3 months) and in the chronic phase (up to 2 years of follow-up) after stroke in survivors of the Stroke Mortality and Morbidity Study (EMMA), São Paulo, Brazil. METHODS: Stroke participants prospectively admitted at HU-USP Emergency Department from April 2006 to November 2014 underwent clinical and neurological evaluations. The main instruments for evaluation of depression were: Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-4 axis 1 (SCID-I) and Patient Health Questionnaire version 9 items (PHQ-9); and cognitive impairment: Modified Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status (TICS-M), applied in 1-3 months, 6 months and annually up to 2 years. In addition of the quantification of PSD and PCI and associated factors in 1-3 months (subacute phase), survival analyzes were performed on Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox logistic regression models (Hazard Ratio-HR, confidence interval-95% CI) to investigate the progression of PSD or PCI at 6 months and 2 years, according to laterality of the stroke. RESULTS: Of the 103 eligible patients, 85.4% had ischemic stroke and 73.7% had a stroke for the first time. In the subacute phase, 27.2% had PCI and 13.6% had current PSD (5.8% with \"first episode\" and 7.8% with \"recurrent\" depression). PSD and / or PCI were associated with low educational level, female gender and 55-74 years old. In 1-3 months, left-sided stroke was more frequently associated with an increase in PCI than right lesion (71.4% vs. 28.4%, p = 0.005). PSD was not associated with laterality of the stroke. Overall, biomarkers levels did not show changes in patients with PSD and PCI. Up to 2 years follow-up, it was found a frequency of 19% of DPA and 38% of PCI. Most participants (53%) presented right-sided stroke, however, it was not associated with PSD or PCI. Confirming the observed data at 1-3 months post-event, left-sided stroke XXI I was an independent predictor of long-term PCI but not PSD. Left-sided stroke was associated with a high probability of PCI (42.6% and 53.2%, respectively at 6 months and 2 years, p-log rank: 0.002). The risk ratio (RR) of PCI due to left-sided stroke was 3.38 (95% CI, 1.35-8.50) at 6 months and maintained at 2 years (RR 3.38, 95% CI, 1, 50-7.59). CONCLUSIONS: PCI was associated with lower educational level, female gender and age group between 55 and 74 years. Stroke in the left hemisphere was associated with a higher frequency of PCI and the risk of developing cognitive impairment over 2 years after stroke was 3
Brum, Paula Schimidt. "Treino de memória operacional para idosos saudáveis: impacto do número de sessões e grau de escolaridade dos participantes na eficácia da intervenção." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5138/tde-12012018-084240/.
Full textWorking memory (WM) training studies for older adults have shown specific benefit for WM and, often, generalization effect for other untrained cognitive abilities. Questions regarding the impact of schooling, number of sessions and intervention modality (individual versus group) on the training effect have not been answered in previous studies. This research aimed to: 1. translate and adapt the verbal WM training and evaluation protocol developed by Borella et al. (2010); 2. to examine the influence of schooling (four versus eight years and more), 3. dose of training (three vs. six sessions); and 4. modality (individual vs. group) on the effects of verbal WM training offered to healthy older adults. To answer these questions, 129 older adults participated of different experiments. Experiment 1 (replication) included 11 older adults randomized in the training condition and 15 in the active control condition, all with more than eight years of schooling. Experiment 2 (effect of schooling) included the participants in the replication study who were compared to the older adults with four years of schooling, composed of 7 older adults randomized in the training condition and 13 in the active control condition. The interventions in Experiment 1 and Experiment 2 had three individual sessions. In Experiment 3, 23 older adults were randomized in the training condition with six sessions and 27 in the active control condition with six sessions, all with eight or more years of schooling, and this new sample was compared to the respective conditions of Experiments 1 and 2 united in a single sample. Finally, the sample of Experiment 1 was compared to a new sample of older adults with eight or more years of schooling, 16 older adults in the training condition and 17 in the active control condition, who underwent three group sessions. The results of the replication study showed effects similar to those reported by Borella et al. (2010), that is, only the training condition increased performance in WM, executive function and processing speed tests, maintained after six months. Participants with four years of schooling showed similar gains to the training group with eight or more years of schooling, in the post-test and after six months. The results indicated that training with three or six sessions generates equivalent cognitive gains, but there is a greater possibility of generalization of the effect in the six-session training. The results on the training modality (individual vs group) indicated that there is no difference between the modalities in the outcome variables in post-test and follow-up evaluation. In conclusion, the experiments suggested that the WM training developed by Borella et al. (2010) is effective in different socio-cultural contexts, among participants with schooling equal to or greater than eight years. The three and six sessions showed similar effects for the outcome variables, as well as individual and group training, suggested that this WM training promove a cognitive plasticity on participants
Raap, Eric R. "The Influence of Spatial Distance Priming on Test Anxiety and Judgments." TopSCHOLAR®, 2013. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1238.
Full textRomero, Vivian Urbanejo. "Desempenho de sujeitos com comprometimento cognitivo leve em tarefas de compressão textual." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5162/tde-05022014-105314/.
Full textINTRODUCTION: The mild cognitive impairment has been studied in language tasks with high cognitive demand. Analyses based on comprehension of texts that require carrying out inferences are recent. This study aimed to verify the performance of subjects with mild cognitive impairment in textual comprehension tasks that require carrying out inferences and compares it to the performance of normal subjects. METHODS: We evaluated 60 subjects aged between 60 and 89 years, of both sexes. The subjects were divided into two groups, 30 normal subjects and 30 subjects with mild cognitive impairment, matched for education (up to 4 years, 4-8 years and over 9 years). The instrument used was the Portuguese version of the test of \"Managing the implied\" that uses five distinct types of inferences (explicit, logical, pragmatic, distracting and other). We evaluated the inferential reasoning to provide the answer 60 questions about reading 20 small texts and compared the performance between groups. RESULTS: The mild cognitive impairment group showed significantly lower performance in the type inferences pragmatic than the group of normal subjects. For other types of inferences there was statistical difference. CONCLUSION: The group with mild cognitive impairment showed worse performance in carrying out pragmatic type inferences. The similarity in performance between the groups to perform the other inferences demonstrates the preservation of linguistic-cognitive aspects in mild cognitive impairment. The results confirm the possibility of differentiating subjects with mild cognitive impairment and normal through language tests
Oksa, Annishka Education Faculty of Arts & Social Sciences UNSW. "Expertise reversal effect in explanatory notes for readers of Shakespearean text." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. Education, 2009. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/43747.
Full textCampbell, JaNae Elise. "Consistency of Cognitions in Remarriage: A Test of the Consistency Tenet of the Multidimensional Cognitive-Developmental Model." DigitalCommons@USU, 2009. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/303.
Full textHinton, Carla Ellen. "Cognitive performance pattern underlying WJ-R test performance of Hispanic children." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/187027.
Full textOzer, Seline Nezihe. "An evaluation of brief cognitive tests for the identification of mild cognitive impairment." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2016. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/15687/.
Full textCarvalho, Anna Paula de. "Prevalência de comprometimento cognitivo em adultos e idosos indígenas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/7/7139/tde-17052017-112020/.
Full textIntroduction: Population ageing has been accompanied by a worldwide increase in the pervasiveness of dementia. However, a systematic review of the literature shows that little is known about the prevalence of dementia and cognitive impairment among ethnically different, such as indigenous, populations. This is particularly relevant given the increase in life expectancy of this population and, consequently the number of elderly individuals, as well as the modification in their morbimortality profile. Objective: To identify the prevalence of cognitive impairment in the indigenous Brazilian population through an assessment of its cognitive performance profile, subjective cognitive decline and mood and associating it with sociodemographic factors, habits, health history and mood. Method: 217 individuals were included of equal to or greater than 50 years of age, of both sexes, of the Mura ethnic group, and residents of the Pantaleão village, in the municipality of Autazes, Amazonas. The participants were submitted to evaluation testing of attentiveness, operating memory, short-term and long-term declarative memory, verbal fluency, visual-constructional ability, as well as evaluation of mood, symptoms of depression, subjective cognitive decline and functional performance. Results: The prevalence of cognitive impairment varied according to age group. While in the total population sample, which included individuals 50 years of age and older, the prevalence of cognitive impairment was 43.3%, among participants 60 years or older, this prevalence increased to 43.7% and to 51.1% for those 65 years or older. In relationship to associated factors, age and schooling influenced the chances of cognitive impairment among all of the age groups. In participants of 50 years or older, for each year of age, there is a 3% increase in the chance of cognitive impairment (OR = 1,03) and for each year of schooling this chance diminishes by 26% (OR = 0,74). On the other hand, in participants of 60 years of age or more, for each year of age, there is a 9% increase in the chance of cognitive impairment (OR = 1,09) and for each year of schooling, this chance diminishes by 29% (OR = 0,71). Beyond age and schooling, the body mass index negatively influenced the chance of cognitive impairment in participants aged 50 years and 60 years. Beyond this, for each household income unit, there is a 48% decrease in the chance of cognitive impairment in the elderly participants aged 60 years. Compared with indigenous individuals without cognitive impairment, those with cognitive impairment performed worse on all cognitive tests, except those of verbal fluency and visual-constructional ability, besides a greater intensity of subjective cognitive decline and symptoms of depression (p 0.05). Conclusion: The prevalence of cognitive impairment in adults and indigenous individuals increases among older age groups and the chance of acquiring some kind of impairment increases among older participants with less schooling and lower household incomes. These findings can contribute to the implementation of public policies related to indigenous health care and the training of health professionals, including nursing teams, for the early identification of individuals vulnerable to the development of cognitive impairment.
Balardin, Joana Bisol. "Análise dos correlatos neurais associados ao uso de estratégias de memória no comprometimento cognitivo leve: avaliação por ressonância magnética funcional." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5138/tde-18122013-152336/.
Full textThe present studyinvestigated the effects of different applicationsof verbal learning strategies duringepisodicmemory encoding in patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) (n=18) and normal controls (n=17) using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).The main goal of this study was to verify whether externally guided increases in verbal learning strategy application during episodic memory encoding modulate brain activity in memory-related networks in the same level in MCI as in controls. Participantswerescanned twice, using a word-list encoding fMRI paradigm.In the first session, self-initiated encoding strategies were used to intentionally memorize words during encoding. In the second session, participants received an explicit instruction to apply a semantic organization strategy (i.e. semantic clustering)to perform the task. The fMRI word list learning paradigm consisted of alternating blocks of encoding and resting baseline conditions. To perform the spontaneous fMRI session, participants were not instructed about the semantic organization of the words in the lists beforehand or given any practice with related lists. Therefore, any grouping by category observed in the subsequent free recall at the end of this fMRI acquisition was presumed to be self-initiated by the subject. At the end of the spontaneous session, each subject received a brief period of guidance or instructions to apply semantic strategies and organize words in terms of semantic categories during encoding, using a new set of word lists. Immediately after practicing the application of the strategy, participants were scanned again using the same type of paradigm as in the first session, except for the use of new set of word lists and the explicit instruction to apply semantic clustering.Free recall and strategic index scores were assessedafter each session. fMRI brain activation and deactivation during encoding of word lists in memory-related networks were examined across sessions. Results from the fMRI analysis revealed that after the explicit orientation to apply the verbal learning strategy, greater recruitment of frontoparietal network regions were observed in both MCI and control groups in relation to the unconstrained encoding condition. Group-differences in functional deactivations, however, were observed in the medial prefrontal (mPFC) cortex and in the right superior frontal gyrus, two critical nodes of the default mode network, related to the absence of modulation in the activity of the mPFC, along with a lack of suppression of the right superior frontal gyrus in MCI, in response to the increased use of the encoding strategy. A different association between improvement in strategy use and session-related changes in activation of the medial orbitalfrontal cortex between groups was also confirmed. That is, improvements in strategy use in controls contribute to a great extent in the amount of deactivation in OFC, whereas in patients, only a small portion of the increase in activation in this region was predicted by increases in strategy application
Wagner, Marcel Stefan. "Sistema cognitivo com tomada de decisão baseada em Lógica Fuzzy para aplicação em ambientes de redes de sensores sem fio com múltiplos saltos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3142/tde-07022017-111104/.
Full textThis Dissertation examines the implementation of a mechanism to analyze and act on multi-hop Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) with the use of cognitive features applied to the network nodes. For this purpose, a variation detection algorithm was proposed for monitoring sensor nodes, involving the node\'s mobility features, signal range of the sensor antenna, the number of nodes in the network and the number of possible connections to neighboring nodes. In addition to the detection algorithm, a multi-layer system is proposed, named Adaptive Cognitive System (ACS). It is based on Cognitive Networks (CN) architecture, including data gathering, information treatment and decision making. The main part of the system is the Cognitive Processor Module (CPMod), which extracts the information about the WSN. In turn the Fuzzy Logic block works in tandem with the semantic engine to feed the codes to CPMod in the decision making process. The codes are the result of analysis performed on rounds using fuzzification and defuzzification membership functions, fuzzy rules and inference over information collected from the network. It was observed in tests performed in the WSN, using the detection algorithm, that the variability in sensor nodes directly affects the network performance due to the effort spent in rerounting links and paths. Through WSN testing performed via software, it was found that using the ACS implies in significant improvement in performance over the end-to-end delay, network latency, dropped packets and amount of energy consumed by nodes on the network. The ACS potential is proven for solving problems related to the previously mentioned metrics, performing adjustments on multiple network layers standardized by IEEE 802.15.4 up to 200 nodes in the network.
Stewart, Michelle Elizabeth. "Development of high-throughput, non-invasive behavioural and cognitive tests in mice to uncover new mechanisms of abnormal cognition and behaviour." Thesis, Open University, 2018. http://oro.open.ac.uk/58323/.
Full textSubirana, Mirete Judit. "Valoració del deteriorament cognitiu a través de la velocitat de processament. Adaptació de la prova 'Quick Test of Cognitive Speed' (QTCS)." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Ramon Llull, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/350811.
Full textEl progresivo envejecimiento de la población justifica un estudio más profundo del proceso de envejecimiento y de las patologías relacionadas con el aumento de la esperanza de vida. La diferenciación entre las características de las diferentes tipologías de deterioro cognitivo que podrían indicar el inicio de un proceso neurodegenerativo y los cambios propios del proceso de envejecimiento se ha convertido, en lo últimos años, en uno de los retos de las neurociencias, especialmente de la neuropsicología. Los objetivos que dirigen la evaluación neuropsicológica toman especial relevancia en este punto ya que la evaluación neuropsicológica y el screening cognitivo son las principales herramientas que permiten conocer y obtener información sobre los aspectos cognitivos, conductuales y emocionales de una persona. Un punto clave en la valoración neuropsicológica es la existencia de pruebas e instrumentos suficientemente sensibles y validados para la población a la cual se aplican. Una de las principales causas de infradiagnóstico de la demencia y del deterioro cognitivo leve es, precisamente, la falta de instrumentos validados que permitan realizar un buen screening cognitivo. Las pruebas más adecuadas para realizar un screening inicial son tests breves, de fácil administración y rápida cumplimentación, con buenos índices estadísticos de especificidad, sensibilidad, valor predictivo y universalidad. El Quick Test of Cognitive Speed (QTCS) cumple estos requisitos ya que es una prueba objetiva y de fácil administración en contextos clínicos y de investigación, capaz de detectar pequeños cambios en la función cognitiva desde los primeros estadios del deterioro a partir de la evaluación de la velocidad de procesamiento de la información. El objetivo de este trabajo es adaptar y normalizar el uso de la prueba QTCS para la población española, determinando su especificidad y sensibilidad con la finalidad de facilitar el proceso de screening cognitivo. Los resultados de este trabajo nos indican que el uso de esta prueba en nuestro contexto nos permite obtener una medida estandarizada del constructo cognitivo de velocidad de procesamiento independiente del género y del nivel educativo para la población española tanto catalanohablante como castellanohablante. El QTCS presenta una buena sensibilidad y especificidad para detectar la presencia de deterioro cognitivo, incluso en los estadios más leves, de manera que podemos afirmar que los resultados que se obtengan de la aplicación de esta prueba serán válidos para ser utilizados como screening cognitivo de la velocidad de procesamiento de la información. En conclusión, esta prueba facilita, a partir de la medida de la velocidad de procesamiento, la detección del deterioro cognitivo en estadios muy iniciales, hecho que puede favorecer el diagnóstico precoz de procesos neurodegenerativos en el proceso de envejecimiento.
The progressive aging of the population justifies a deeper understanding of the aging process and the diseases related to an increased life expectancy. The differentiation between the characteristics of the different types of cognitive impairment that might indicate the onset of a neurodegenerative process and the changes associated to the aging process has become, in recent years, one of the challenges for neurosciences, particularly for the neuropsychologists. The objectives that direct neuropsychological assessment takes on great importance at this point since the neuropsychological assessment and the cognitive screening are the main tools that provide insight and information about the cognitive, behavioural and emotional aspects of a person. A key point in the neuropsychological assessment is the existence of sufficiently sensitive and validated instruments for the population to which are going to be applied. One of the main causes of under-diagnosis of dementia and mild cognitive impairment is precisely the lack of validated instruments to make good cognitive screenings. The most appropriate tests to screen are brief tests, easy to administer and fast to fill, with good statistical indices of specificity, sensitivity, predictive value and universality. The Quick Test of Cognitive Speed (QTCS) meets these requirements as it is an objective and easy-to-administer test for its use in clinical settings and research which can detect small changes in cognitive function even in early stages of deterioration, as it assesses speed of information processing. The aim of this study is to adapt and standardise the use of QTCS test for the Spanish population, determining its specificity and sensitivity in order to facilitate the process of cognitive screening. The results of this study indicate that the use of this test in our context allows us to obtain a standardised measure of cognitive processing speed independent of gender and educational level for both Spanish and Catalan-speaking populations. The QTCS has good sensitivity and specificity to indicate the presence of cognitive impairment, even in the milder stages so we can say that the results obtained from the application of this test will be valid for their use as cognitive screening tool of speed of information processing. In conclusion, this test allows, due to the measurement of cognitive processing speed, the detection of cognitive impairment at its very early stages, promoting an early diagnosis of neurodegenerative processes in the aging process.
Adler, Abby Danielle. "Change in Automatic and Strategic Cognition: An Examination of Cognitive Therapy for Depression." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1333579543.
Full textMazza, Cláudia Regina Zocal. "Análise do processamento cognitivo de leitura do surdo com o Teste de Nomeação de Sinais por Escolha de Palavras nas versões 1.3 e 2.3 com 5.365 estudantes surdos de 1ª a 13ª série de 14 estados brasileiros." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/47/47132/tde-29052008-124305/.
Full textThe Word Matching Sign Naming Test (WMSNT) assesses the skill of matching alternative Portuguese printed words to sample Brazilian Sign Language (Libras) signs. WMSNT is part of a battery of 11 language development tests for assessing reading, spelling and Libras sign comprehension. Capovilla and coworkers at the University of Sao Paulo developed, standardized and validated the battery with a sample of 5,365 Brazilian deaf students. WMSNT assesses the joint development of sign comprehension and Portuguese reading. It analyzes the participation of cheremic, orthographic and semantic processes involved in matching print alternatives to Libras signs. On each trial there are four printed word alternatives, one being the target word, and the remaining three being cheremic, orthographic, and semantic distracter words. WMSNT is elaborated so as to have distracter-printed words as choice alternatives induce cheremic, orthographic, and semantic paralexias. By analyzing the relative prevalence of cheremic, orthographic, and semantic paralexias that occur when the deaf is to match print to pictures and signs, WMSNT allows characterizing cognitive processes underlying Portuguese reading by Brazilian deaf students. The prevalence of cheremic paralexias suggests that reading comprehension (i.e., the access to semantic lexicon while reading) involves the mediation of some internal signing processes. That is usually the case with the congenitally deaf who are fluent signers. The prevalence of orthographic paralexias suggests that reading is based on the strategy of attempting to make some visual recognition of the global crude form of a word, with difficulty of using the alphabetical serial graphemic decoding (i.e., the serial parsing of the orthographic sequence). That is usually the case with the congenitally deaf who are not capable of fluent signing and linguistic parsing, tend to rely on a primarily ideographic reading style. The prevalence of semantic paralexias suggests that reading comprehension is hindered by the insufficient development of concepts, vocabulary, and/or reading skill. This dissertation presents two reordered versions of WMSNT: WMSNT 1.3 and WMSNT 2.3 as well as standardization data with a sample of 5,365 5-59 year old deaf students with 1-12 years of schooling coming from 14 Brazilian states (AC, AM, BA, CE, DF, ES, MA, MG, MS, PA, PR, RJ, RS, SP). The preliminary analysis of such a large data basis was limited to the following grades: 1st, 5th, 8th, 10th and 13th. Results from both WMSNT 1.3 and WMSNT 2.3 indicated that the percentage of correct naming increased systematically, whereas the percentage of total paralexias decreased systematically. Considering the distribution of all three types of paralexia, it was found that, over the course of the five school series, the percentages of orthographic and semantic paralexias diminished systematically, whereas the percentage of cheremic paralexias increased systematically. Thus, over the course of schooling, when having to name signs by matching their corresponding printed words counterparts, deaf students tended to commit progressively less errors, and that those errors tended to concentrate progressively more on cheremic processes. According to Capovilla, such a finding suggests that, over the course of schooling, in order to be able to retrieve lexical items from an increasingly large reading lexicon, the deaf reader tends to rely more and more on indexing sublexical word components (at both levels of word graphemes and word morphemes) to their corresponding sublexical sign components (at both levels of sign cheremes and sign morphemes). This dissertation is part of a broader study (Capovilla et al, in print). Out of the sample, 5,072 students were assessed using WMSNT 1.3 and 4,854 were assessed using WMSNT 2.3. Out of the sample of 5,072 students tested with WMSNT 1.3, in order to assess test reliability and to arrange test items in increasing order of difficulty, the data of 4,930 students were subjected to item analysis. Two reliability analyses were conducted, which generated two coefficients: Cronbach Alpha coefficient and Spearman-Brown coefficient from split-half analysis. Item analysis revealed Cronbach Alpha coefficient = 0,9004, which may be considered quite good. Therefore, WMSNT 1.3 was found to be a quite reliable test. In addition this study generated WMSNT 1.4, in which WMSNT 1.3 items are arranged in increasing difficulty order. Out of the sample of 4,854 students tested with WMSNT 2.3, in order to assess test reliability and to arrange test items in increasing order of difficulty, the data of 4,840 students were subjected to item analysis. Two reliability analyses were conducted, which generated two coefficients: Cronbach Alpha coefficient and Spearman-Brown coefficient from split-half analysis. Item analysis revealed Cronbach Alpha coefficient = 0,8728, which may be considered good. Therefore, WMSNT 2.3 was found to be a quite reliable test. In addition this study generated WMSNT 2.4, in which WMSNT 2.3 items are arranged in increasing difficulty order.
Fegyveres, Renata Areza. "Perfil de alterações cognitivas em pacientes com fibrose pulmonar idiopática." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5138/tde-22022010-162759/.
Full textBackground: Lung disease with hypoxaemia as chronic pulmonary obstructive disease may be associated with cognitive impairment caused by continuous fall in oxygen saturation. Objective: 1) to identity if there is cognitive impairment in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis; 2) if present, to evaluate the neuropsychological profile of these alterations and 3) to verify if there is correlation of disease severity and cognitive performance. Methods: Twenty-one patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis were selected from the Interstitial Lung disease Out-patient Clinic and were submitted throughout conventional neurological exam, blood lab, neuroimaging, broad neuropsychological and lung function evaluation. The control group consisted of twenty non-demented healthy subjects paired by gender, age, schooling and socio-economic level. Results: The Mini-mental state examination, Semantic verbal fluency (fruit category), learning item of the Brief Cognitive Battery, Digit symbol test and Trail making part B results were different between both groups (p < 0.05). Conclusions: This study showed that patients with IPF performed worse in tests of executive functions and mental speed, which is congruent with the hypotheses of encephalopathy of subcortical type similar to the one found in patients with other lung hypoxaemic disease. These results should be confirmed with more accurate reaction time tests
Merriman, Carolyn S. "Cognitive Code and Test-Writing." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/8409.
Full textKalinoski, Zachary T. "Error Management Training: Further Tests Of Mediation And Moderation." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1251777346.
Full textPhilippe, Matthieu. "Apport des synchronies électro-encéphalographiques (EEG) dans la détection de la fatigue mentale." Compiègne, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007COMP1719.
Full textThe impact of mental fatigue on cortical activity is still unknown. Laboratory experiments, and a real conditions study, allow us to observe how neurons networks interact (synchrony) during a cognitive task under mental fatigue. Event related potentials (ERPs) and synchronies were studied for the tests which showed a performance decrement. Afternoon results showed a local post-stimulation desynchronization more important than in the morning in the α frequency band (8-14 Hz) on the whole scalp and for all the stimulation. Moreover we found in γ2 (60-80 Hz) frequency band a local post stimulation synchronization less important in the afternoon, for eaysest stimuli on frontal, fronto-central, central and centro-parietal cortical areas. Afternoon cognitive tasks would implied a more important mobilisation of neuronal necessity, and that a deficit of attentional control
Tamashiro, Leiliane Aparecida Diniz. "Funções mnésticas e atencionais em mulheres na pós-menopausa com ou sem sintomas depressivos e a eficácia da terapia cognitiva comportamental na pós-menopausa." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5139/tde-24102016-153310/.
Full textFor this study, we observed and evaluated 112 postmenopausal women without hormonal reposition, with or without depression. Personal quantitative characteristics are described using summary statistics (average, standard deviation, median, minimum, maximum) and the personal qualitative characteristics described using absolute and relative frequencies. The main goal of this study was to verify if women diagnosed with depression show different results in mnestics and attentional tests when compared to women without depression. The work also verified if symptoms of hot flashes, night sweats, mnestics and attentional functions were associated with tests results of women with and without depression. The tests were applied four times: (T0) initial evaluation, (T1) second evaluation, (T2) third evaluation, and (T3) last evaluation, performed six months after the end of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy. Passing score was correlated with the Greene Climacteric Scale initial time to obtain the Pearson correlation coefficient and validation of Cronbach\'s criteria, with 0.91 as general index of sensitivity and 0.82 of specificity, significance level of 5%, with a confidence level power of 95%.This research showed the efficacy of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for symptoms of anxiety, depression, hot flashes, night sweats, memory and attention functions in postmenopausal women with and without depression, without hormonal reposition
Brum, Paula Schimidt. "Treino de memória para idosos saudáveis e com comprometimento cognitivo leve: benefícios sobre parâmetros cognitivos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5142/tde-27072012-152403/.
Full textThe cognitive interventions aimed at elderly healthy are little studied in the national literature, despite having been investigated in other countries. The memory training offered to seniors with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) has received increasing attention from researchers and also seems to benefit this population. It is not known whether the training has long-term effect, nor whether the benefits are the same for healthy elderly and MCI. This study was aimed to evaluate the impact of eight memory training sessions offered to elderly normal controls (NC) and seniors with MCI in cognitive parameters. For this, we had the participation of 61 older people accompanied by a multidisciplinary team of the Laboratory of Neurosciences LIM 27, Institute of Psychiatry, FMUSP randomly divided into experimental group - EG (including 17 NC and 18 with MCI) and control group - CG (being 12 NC and 14 with MCI). These groups were evaluated at four different times, namely before the intervention (T0), one week after the intervention (T1), one month after the last assessment (T2) and six months after T1 (T3). EG received memory training with emphasis on categorization and underline words between T0 and T1. The CG performed all the assessments at the same time EG, but the training was offered to them after T3. Improvement was observed in both groups EG from T0 to T1 when compared to the CG on tests of attention, processing speed, mnemonic strategies, and memory tests. These effects seem to keep the short and long term, showing, in different ways, the benefits of training and the existence of cognitive plasticity in both populations studied
Boutin, Josée. "Qualités psychométriques des Tests de rendement cognitif pour enfants." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0020/MQ47177.pdf.
Full textPirini, Priscila Lima. "Construções marginais em georgiano: uma análise sob a perspectiva da linguística cognitiva." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8139/tde-09052016-101942/.
Full textDifferent groups of verbs, that we call here marginal constructions, represent in Georgian a limited number of verbs that have structural peculiarities that deviate in one way or another, from the dominant pattern represented by major verb classes in which they are traditionally classified, since they are at the threshold between major morphosyntactic constructions, diachronically and synchronically. It is argued that, compared to the largest and most productive verb classes, these smaller groups of verbs also reveal quite specific tendencies within the language, particularly by showing different meaning processes. Therefore, based on the theoretical framework known by the broad term Cognitive Linguistics, we sought to understand and explain by providing the necessary relations between those constructions that point to less and more productive and prototypical tendencies - how formal changes seen in these verb groups in particular, e.g. changes in argument structure, increase or deletion of arguments, shifting in case marking of arguments etc., reflect and code distinct ways and processes of conceptualization, being able, therefore, to caracterize the nature of these different meanings.