Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Tests de diagnostic rapide'
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Ritouret, Isabelle. "Actualités sur les tests de diagnostic rapides en biologie clinique." Bordeaux 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BOR25082.
Full textAndries, Anne-Claire. "Diagnostic de la dengue : trois solutions pour améliorer la prise en charge des patients et faciliter les études épidémiologiques." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTS146/document.
Full textDengue is a viral disease transmitted by Aedes species mosquitoes, in tropical and subtropical regions. Dengue virus (DENV) belongs to the family Flaviviridae, genus Flavivirus. Although most DENV infections are asymptomatic or result in a self-limited febrile illness, severe diseases characterized by plasma leakage, with or without hemorrhage, can also occur. Patients with a severe dengue can rapidly progress into a life-threatening shock syndrome if no efficient clinical management is provided. There is no specific treatment available for dengue but an accurate and early fluid therapy substantially reduces the occurrence of severe forms of the disease. Dengue symptoms are typically non-specific until or unless complications develop. Only a biologic diagnosis based on DENV genome, NS1 antigen or anti-DENV antibodies detection enables to confirm dengue cases. Dengue is now a major public health problem due to both its geographical spread and the increase in the number of severe cases. New diagnostic tools are necessary to ensure epidemiological surveillance and control of the disease. These tools need to be effective and easy to use in every medical settings, from the smallest primary health centers to the biggest reference centers, and also usable for epidemiologic studies, e.g. for epidemic investigations. The work presented in this thesis was dedicated to this problematic.In a first part of the work, a rapid diagnostic test (RDT), designed to detect NS1 antigen, anti-DENV IgG and IgM, was evaluated, both in a specialized laboratory and in the field, in order to compare the test performances in two different settings, with the same samples. Interestingly, sensitivity was lower when the test was used in the field compared to the sensitivity of the test when performed in the specialized laboratory. Discordances were mainly observed for IgM and IgG detection. Impact of the use of the RDT on clinical management was also assessed during the field study and it revealed that Cambodian pediatricians ignored the results of the RDT and followed their clinical instinct.A second part of the work was dedicated to the assessment of the usefulness of urine and saliva for dengue diagnostic. Dengue diagnostic normally requires a venous blood sample that can be difficult to obtain in certain conditions such as in children or during epidemiological studies. Urine and saliva are easier to collect as the procedure is non-invasive. We showed that, although the performances of the different diagnostic methods were not as good in saliva and urine as in plasma specimens, the results obtained by qRT-PCR and by anti-DENV antibody ELISA could well justify the use of these two body fluids to detect dengue infection in situations when the collection of blood samples is difficult. Performances of commercial RDTs developed for NS1 and anti-DENV antibodies (IgM, IgG and IgA) detection in urine and saliva specimens were not satisfactory.In the last part of the thesis, the potential use of proteinuria as a prognostic marker of severity was assessed but it didn’t prove to be a useful marker for risk prediction
Bauffe, Frédérique. "Etude de protéines parasitaires pour l'amélioration des tests de diagnostic rapide du paludisme." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM5068.
Full textMalaria is a public health problem in many countries. Five species infect humans: P. falciparum, responsible for the vast majority of deaths, and P. vivax, P. ovale, P. malariae and P. knowlesi causing mild forms of the disease. The diagnostic is a means of control and a medical emergency. The rapid diagnostic tests (RDT) whose are recommended by WHO, are increasingly used. However, the detection and identification of not P. falciparum species is insufficient. New "antigen-antibody" couples are a need to improve the RDTs performance. In this work, new anti LDH antibodies from P. malariae were produced. A search for new antigens was also undertaken. For this purpose, some enzyme of glycolysis pathway were studied. For the first time the sequences of the enzymes from this pathway were obtained for P. ovale and P. malariae. We identified many potential target epitopes specific and common to all those species. In a second step, a proteomics approches has been conducted to identify parasites biomarkers. The study of red blood cells and plasma of infected patients has led to the selection of 8 original target proteins. This work prepares the manufacturing and marketing of a new generation of RDTs for malaria by the company Whidiag
Haddar, Cyrille Hedi. "Développement et évaluation de tests antigéniques rapides pour le diagnostic d’infections méningococciques et pneumococciques." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSES065.
Full textNowadays, Rapid Diagnostic Tests (RDTs) are essential tools for an urgent response in infectious diseases. Many tests are available to search for different pathogens (HIV, group A streptococcus, plasmodium ...) in various biological samples (urine, cerebrospinal fluid or CSF, blood ...). The main advantages of this mode of diagnosis are speed, simplicity of implementation, including by non-specialists or outside a laboratory structure, and reasonable cost. In this “CIFRE” (industrial) thesis, we present three RDTs based on lateral flow immunochromatography (LFIA) that we contributed to develop and evaluate.The first TDR targets Neisseria meningitidis, a bacterium responsible for severe outbreaks of meningitis in resource-limited countries, in CSF samples. This RDT is the only LFIA-type commercial test that can detect 5 of the 6 major serogroups involved in the disease (A/C/W/X/Y). A study published under the authority of the meningococci reference centre at the Institut Pasteur of Paris showed the excellent performances of this test on nearly 560 CSF samples collected from 6 countries including 5 in Africa.The second TDR targets Streptococcus pneumoniae in urine and CSF; it is also intended to the diagnosis of bacterial meningitis. This test, coupled with the previous one, is the object of a multicentric study presently conducted in West Africa under cover of WHO.The third TDR is an avatar of the previous one but was dedicated to respiratory secretions. Called PneumoResp, it introduces the concept of semi-quantitative RDT. It proposes to perform the test on undiluted secretions and, in the case of positive result, on 1:100-diluted secretions. We present an algorithm (which is the object of a patent pending appraisal) that aims to differentiate S. pneumoniae carriage from invasive infection by this germ in children. Compared to conventional techniques (semi-quantitative culture and qPCR assays), the test performed on 196 respiratory specimens showed an excellent sensitivity and a very good negative predictive value, allowing to exclude or suspect an active S. pneumoniae infection as soon as the first day
Delshadi, Sarah. "Tests de diagnostic immunologique rapides combinant des nanoparticules magnétiques et des micro-aimants structurés." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAV070.
Full textThis thesis reports the development of innovative, sensitive and fast immunoassays combining functionalized superparamagnetic nanoparticles (SPN) and micro-magnets. Our magnetic immunoassays exploit high gradients generated by micro-magnets to capture immune-complexes captured on SPN. Magnetic attraction is widely used in biotechnology, because it provides long-range forces able to capture molecules of interest. Bead-based immunoassays use common centimetre-scale magnets to attract micro-particles. Those magnets generate low magnetic gradients and struggle to capture superparamagnetic nano-particles, which are too small and mobile to be efficiently trapped. Down-scaling the size of magnetic particles is very interesting since it allows diffusion-based transport to perform faster reactions, while avoiding particle sedimentation and aggregation. Furthermore, it increases the reaction surface, which improves the sensitivity of immunoassays. Thanks to the scaling law effects micro-magnets from Institut Néel generate high local gradients and therefore large magnetic volume forces: we use this innovative technology to develop fast immuno-assays that take advantage of a radical size reduction, compared to commercial technology.We first developed a colorimetric magnetic immunoassay (MagIA) as a new approach to standard ELISA. A proof-of-concept based on colorimetric quantification of anti-ovalbumin antibody in buffer was performed and compared with conventional ELISAs. After optimization, MagIA exhibits a limit of detection and dynamic range similar to ELISAs developed using the same biochemical tools. Micromagnets made by the micro-magnetic imprinting method can be fully integrated in multi-well plates at low cost, allowing the efficient capture of immuno-complexes carried by SPNs. The method is generic and performs magnetic ELISA in 30 min.We then developed a magnetically localized fluorescent immunoassay (MLFIA) exploiting the local capture of SPN on micro-magnets. The differential measurement of fluorescence localized on and besides micro-magnet arrays allows the detection and quantification of a molecule in only 15 minutes without fluid handling. We present a proof of concept based on the detection of monoclonal antibody anti-ovalbumin. Functionalized nanoparticles are incubated with fluorescent detection antibody and the sample containing the molecule to be detected. After a single incubation step, the nanoparticles are captured on micro-magnets made by thermo-magnetic patterning. Fluorescence is then read under a microscope. Differential measurement between the signal from the immunological complex localised on the micro-magnets and the non-specific signal localised besides micro-magnets allows the quantification of mAb anti-OVA. The performance of MLFIA was compared with conventional ELISA and exhibits a limit of detection up to 100 times better for anti-OVA mAb in PBS. For further validation, MLFIA was used to measure clinical parameters: we developed a sandwich assay to detect C-reactive protein, and a serology for Toxoplasma gondii immunoglobulin G and M or osteopontin in human samples. Comparisons with data obtained with routine clinical automatized methods show excellent correlation. Our MLFIA technology presents several key advantages: it is compatible with biological media (serum, plasma), uses small volumes and requires little energy. It also is versatile and thus can be used to detect any antigen or antibody in complex media. We are currently developing a portable prototype for point-of-care diagnostics. The results will open the way to a new generation of sensitive immunological lab-on-chip
Touitou, Robert Cohen Robert. "Intérêt des tests de diagnostic rapide de la grippe chez l'enfant dans la prise en charge des syndromes grippaux ou de la fièvre isolée en période de circulation des virus de la grippe." Créteil : Université de Paris-Val-de-Marne, 2006. http://doxa.scd.univ-paris12.fr:80/theses/th0236140.pdf.
Full textDjeutchouang, Sayang Collins. "Intérêt de l’utilisation des tests de diagnostic rapide du paludisme sur le coût et l’efficacité de la prise en charge des patients fébriles à Yaoundé, Cameroun." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX20663/document.
Full textThis study was conducted in a health center in Yaoundé with the aim to develop a rational management of febrile patients with the use of a rapid diagnostic test for malaria (RDT). Patients suspected to be suffering from uncomplicated malaria and satisfying the inclusion criteria were enrolled and treated with antimalarial drugs based on a presumptive diagnosis (presumptive arm) or the test result (RDT arm). The first phase of the study (November 2007-January 2008), performed in 313 children and adults using the RDT DiaSpot® showed the impact of RDT on the improvement of cure rate in children less than five years of age despite the sensitivity of 71.4%. On the contrary, RDT was not useful in patients > 5 years. During the second phase of the study (October 2008-January 2009), 382 patients < 5 years were enrolled. Malaria was the fourth cause of morbidity (14.7%); 42.9% of them had fever of unknown origin, probably of viral origin, requiring only antipyretics. Children suffered essentially from acute respiratory infections (31.4%) and diarrhea (16.2%). The RDT Paracheck-Pf® was used and showed a sensitivity of 96.2% and a specificity of 97.6%. The use of RDT resulted in 13.7% of unjustified antimalarial treatment due to false-positives, as compared to 84% of unjustified antimalarial treatment in the presumptive strategy. After 3 days of follow-up, the recovery rates in the presumptive and RDT arms were 68.4% and 80.5%, respectively. Treatment of a malaria case cost, in average, 20.00 euros in the presumptive arm, as compared with 8.40 euros in the RDT arm, i.e. an incremental cost of 2.30 euros per false positive averted due to the use of the novel diagnostic tool. An interactive model based on these economic parameters in relation with malaria prevalence was developed with Excel spreadsheet. Theoretically, of the two methods, the RDT-based management is less expensive if the proportion of malaria-related fever is < 80% and the price of RDT is < 2.65 euros. Based on these results, the use of malaria RDT is recommended to improve management of febrile patients at a lower cost and reduce the unjustified use of antimalarial drugs in Yaoundé
Tanos, Rita. "Développement de tests diagnostiques par détection d'ADN extracellulaire." Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTT054.
Full textAfter its discovery in 1948, circulating DNA (cirDNA) was studied in various fields. It has become an emerging biomarker, particularly in oncology, and several studies have recently sought to investigate its interest in cancer screening and early detection. The first part of my thesis was devoted to the study of the quantitative and structural characteristics of cirDNA, taking into account its origin (nuclear and mitochondrial cirDNA) and its structure (fragmentation and size profile), for the screening and early detection of cancer. Two cirDNA parameters, the Ref A 67 (total nuclear cirDNA concentration) and the MNR (Mitochondrial to Nuclear Ratio), were quantified by q-PCR in a mouse model and further validated in cell culture media to assess their potential to discriminate between a healthy and a cancerous state. These two variables were evaluated by taking into account other quantitative and structural parameters of cirDNA, after age adjustment, in the plasma of 289 healthy individuals, 99 individuals at risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) and 983 patients with CRC (n = 791), breast cancer (n = 169) and other cancers (hepatocellular, pancreatic, ovarian and lymphoma) (n = 23). Through a machine learning approach, we combined these different parameters into a prediction model using decision trees for the classification of healthy and cancer patients. We have obtained very encouraging results, especially for early-stage cancers. This method seems promising for early and non-invasive cancer detection. The addition of other biomarkers such as the size profile of the cirDNA or the detection of methylation markers could further increase its potential.The second part of my thesis was devoted to the study of the relationship between the quantity of extracellular DNA of nuclear and mitochondrial origin in the embryo culture medium, and the quality of these embryos during in vitro fertilization (IVF). It has been shown that an embryo releases extracellular DNA into the culture medium during IVF, and that this DNA could be a predictive biomarker of embryo quality and thus be used as a non-invasive preimplantation genetic test (PGT). We detected, as well, the SRY gene in the culture medium to determine the sex of the embryo, which is an important information in the case of gender-related genetic disorders. We also tried to detect the presence of the Delta F508 mutation of the CFTR gene responsible for cystic fibrosis, by analyzing extracellular DNA from high-risk embryos to assess its potential as a non-invasive PGT
Cohen, Jérémie. "Stratégies diagnostiques des pharyngites de l'enfant : du test de diagnostic rapide aux règles de décision clinique." Thesis, Paris 5, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA05S011/document.
Full textBackground – The roles of rapid antigen detection tests (RADT) and clinical prediction rules (CPR) for the diagnosis of group A streptococcus (GAS) in children with pharyngitis vary across international clinical guidelines. This might be related to unstable diagnostic accuracy of RADTs and insufficient validation of CPRs. Methods – In a prospective multicenter (n=17) office-Based study that took place in France within the ACTIV network between 2009 and 2011, 1776 children with pharyngitis or healthy controls underwent throat swabs to perform a RADT and a throat culture (reference standard). We assessed the independent effect of patient- and physician-Level characteristics on the accuracy of a RADT, systematically re-Analyzed RADT false-Positive results, and externally validated and compared existing CPRs. Results – RADT sensitivity (overall 87%) varied according to clinical signs and symptoms, bacterial inoculum size and GAS throat carriage (factors also related to each other), and according to physician-Level characteristics (including type of clinical practice). RADT negative predictive value was high (about 90%) and stable. RADT false-Positives were positive for GAS when using a new PCR technique. No CPR had sufficient performances regarding calibration and discrimination. Conclusions – RADTs are sufficient for diagnosing GAS pharyngitis if clinicians accept diagnostic accuracy monitoring and adequate training when needed. No CPR can be recommended for use in pediatrics
Chartrand, Caroline. "Rapid influenza diagnostic tests: a meta-analysis of 127 studies." Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=104871.
Full textINTRODUCTION: Poser rapidement le diagnostic d'influenza permet d'administrer une thérapie antivirale appropriée, de débuter en temps opportun des mesures de prévention des infections et de diminuer le recours à d'autres tests diagnostiques. Bien que la culture virale et le RT-PCR demeurent les outils diagnostiques les plus fiables, il existe une vaste gamme de tests de diagnostic rapide de l'influenza (TDRI) pouvant potentiellement avoir un impact sur la prise en charge des patients. OBJECTIFS: Résumer, par le biais d'une méta-analyse, l'ensemble des données disponibles sur la sensibilité et la spécificité des TDRIs comparés à un test de référence, chez les adultes et les enfants souffrant d'un syndrome d'allure grippal, ainsi qu'évaluer les facteurs liés au test ou au patient qui sont associés à une plus grande fiabilité. MÉTHODES: Nous avons cherché à travers quatre bases de données (PubMed, EMBASE, Biosis, Web of Science), jusqu'en septembre 2010, pour des études sur la fiabilité des TDRIs comparés au RT-PCR (1er choix) ou à la culture virale. Nous avons méta-analysé la sensibilité et spécificité des TDRIs au moyen d'un bivariate random effect regression model et tenté d'expliquer l'hétérogénéité des résultats au moyen d'analyses de sous-groupes et d'une méta-régression, via une extension du modèle SROC (summary receiver operating characteristic curve).RÉSULTATS: Nous avons identifiés 100 articles, comprenant 127 études. La sensibilité globale des TDRIs était de 64.5% (95% CI: 60.6, 68.6), alors que leur spécificité globale était de 98.1% (95% CI: 97.3, 98.6). Par contre, on a retrouvé une grande hétérogénéité au niveau de la sensibilité. Une partie de cette hétérogénéité pourrait être expliquée par une sensibilité significativement plus élevée lorsque le test est utilisé chez les enfants (71.1%, 95% CI: 65.6, 76.1) plutôt que chez les adultes (51.6%, 95% CI: 43.9, 59.1). La sensibilité des TDRIs variait également en fonction du type de virus (68.0%, 95% CI: 62.3, 73.1, pour l'influenza A versus 51.8%, 95% CI: 42.8, 60.6, pour l'influenza B) ainsi que de la souche d'influenza A en circulation (56.9%, 95% CI: 50.9, 62.6, pour l'influenza A/H1N1/2009 versus 72.8%, 95% CI: 65.9-78.8, pour les autres souches saisonnières d'influenza A). Finalement, les TDRIs affichaient une meilleure performance lorsque comparés à la culture virale (sensibilité: 71.0%, 95% CI: 65.9, 75.6) plutôt qu'au RT-PCR (sensibilité: 56.0%, 95% CI: 49.7, 62.1). Peu d'études ont évalué l'effet de la durée des symptômes sur la fiabilité des TDRIs, mais les quelques études qui se sont penchées sur le sujet tendaient à démontrer une meilleure sensibilité 24-48h après le début des symptômes suivi d'un déclin rapide. Lorsque plusieurs de ces variables furent analysées en même temps, au moyen d'une méta-régression, seulement l'âge est demeuré significativement associé à la fiabilité des TDRIs, avec un rapport de cotes diagnostiques de 2.67 (95% CI: 1.17, 6.11) pour les enfants versus les adultes.CONCLUSION: Les TDRIs ont une sensibilité modeste et une bonne spécificité, mais une grande hétérogénéité au niveau de la sensibilité demeure une préoccupation. Bien que les TDRIs soient plus fiables chez les enfants que chez les adultes et pour détecter l'influenza A versus l'influenza B, ces facteurs ne suffisent pas à expliquer l'hétérogénéité notée au niveau de la sensibilité. Puisqu'ils sont très spécifiques, les TDRIs sont utiles pour confirmer le diagnostic d'influenza. Cependant, un TDRI négatif n'est pas suffisant pour infirmer le diagnostic d'influenza et devrait être confirmé au moyen d'un des tests de référence. D'autres études sont nécessaires pour résumer l'impact clinique des TDRIs sur la prise en charge des patients.
Agnememel, Alain. "Développement de tests rapides pour le diagnostic des méningites bactériennes aiguës : étude de l’émergence du sérogroupe X." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCC099.
Full textThe emergence of meningitis X due to Neisseria meningitidis (NmX) occurred in sub-Saharan Africa in 2006. However, NmX isolates were detected since the 1990s. Our objective was to undertake genomic studies to understand the emergence and also develop tools for improving epidemiological surveillance of meningitis X. We sequenced the whole genomes of NmX isolates from countries in sub-Saharan Africa and showed that emergence is due to the expansion of a particular genotype in clonal complex (CC) 181. These Africans isolates are more virulent in a transgenic mouse model compared to NmX isolates from France. Then we have developed and evaluated a new rapid diagnostic test (RDT) to detect the capsular polysaccharide (cps) of NmX (cpsX). Whole bacteria NmX inactivated and conjugated cpsX were used to produce antibodies that were used to develop a rapid test (RDT) in immunochromatography strip to detect serogroup X. This TDR was been evaluated on a collection of 369 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) obtained from several sites (Cameroon, Ivory Coast, Niger and France). A PCR assay was used as reference. TDR was specific for NmX strains with a detection limit of 105 CFU / ml and 1 ng / ml for purified cpsX. The sensitivity and specificity were 100% and 94% for the 369 tested CSF; and positive and negative predictive values were 100 and 98% respectively with a high agreement between the reference test (PCR) and TDR (kappa 0. 98)
Grobost, Béatrice. "Identification de 32 souches de bacilles à gram positif asporulés anaérobies stricts : comparaison des tests conventionnels et des galeries d'identification rapide." Bordeaux 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR2P066.
Full textManirakiza, Alexandre. "Utilisation du test de diagnostic rapide(paracheck-pf®) en consultation prénatale dans le cadre du traitement antipaludique à Bangui, République Centrafricaine." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM5040/document.
Full textFrom June to September 2009, we designed a cross-sectional study aiming to assess malaria management during pregnancy in antenatal health care in Bangui. Our findings showed that antimalarials are prescribed to 28.8% of pregnant women attending antenatal clinics (ANCs) in Bangui. Quinine and artemisinin combined therapies are widely used (56.7% and 26.8% respectively). However, laboratory diagnosis of malaria infection is performed for solely 18.9% of consultants. The recommended two doses of intermittent preventive treatment with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (IPTsp) are given to 30.5% of pregnant women, while 42.4% of them use the insecticides treated nets (ITNs). Nonetheless, the prevalence of placental malaria at delivery is relatively low (4%). From those preliminary data of our study we assessed the impact of a systematic rapid diagnosis test (RDT) of malaria during pregnancy on antimalarials prescription, during the period from October 2009 and October 2011. The proportions of antimalarial treatment episodes were compared in two groups of women: a cohort of 76 pregnant women presenting at their ANCs visits, in which a systematic screening of malaria with the RDT Paracheck-Pf® was performed and a control group of women who delivered in the same period. Our findings showed that in the cohort, there was a proportion of 13.8 % of positive RDT, hence requiring antimalarial treatment, while the proportion of antimalarials prescriptions in the control group was 26.3% (P = 0.0001). The avoidable rate of unnecessary antimalarials prescriptions was estimated at 47%
Tegha, Gerald Loiswayo. "Detection and identification of plasmodium species causing malaria in Malawi using rapid diagnostic tests." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1021240.
Full textBouzid, Donia. "Stratégies de diagnostic des infections respiratoires virales aux urgences." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris Cité, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UNIP5235.
Full textUpper and lower respiratory infections are a frequent reason for seeking treatment. Among the suspicions of lower respiratory infections in emergency rooms, respiratory viruses are found in 30 to 50% of cases. Their precise and rapid diagnosis is necessary for the proper use of anti-infectives, for hospitalization, for the management of the flow of patients, and the establishment of the necessary precautionary measures. We evaluated the impact of the implementation of a multiplex PCR allowing a rapid and delocalized syndromic diagnosis in an emergency department of the viruses responsible for respiratory infections. First, we carried out a narrative review of the available microbiological tests, then we:- Studied the impact of the response time of the centralized virology laboratory (median 18h) on room-only placement strategies for patients with influenza virus infection,- Conducted a feasibility study on the implementation of a rapid syndromic PCR technique relocated to the emergency room, -Prospectively evaluated the impact of the rapid virological response on the management of patients with suspected lower respiratory infections using a controlled clinical trial, - Studied, at the start of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, the clinical and biological characteristics which made it possible to distinguish patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 or another respiratory virus such as influenza viruses, RSV, or rhinovirus.We have thus shown:- that the long turnaround time from the centralized laboratory did not allow effective consideration of the PCR result for the single room assignment of influenza-positive patients - that delocalized viral diagnosis in the emergency room is possible and allows more room-only hospitalization for influenza-positive patients during the randomized study (74% vs 50%), but no benefit was found from delocalized diagnosis throughout antibiotic therapy or hospitalization. - that fever, age, male sex, and absence of sputum were more frequently associated with the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 than with any other respiratory virus, and co-infection with SARS- CoV-2 with another respiratory virus was not associated with a more severe prognosis. It now seems necessary to integrate mPCR into a broader strategy, including CT scan and inflammation markers, for optimal management in emergencies and impact the consumption of antibiotics and the length of stays
Jansson, Line. "Evaluation of different rapid diagnostic tests to see what kind is the optimal choice for malaria diagnosis in Mozambique;a literature review." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för hälsovetenskap och medicin, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-35691.
Full textBelaïd, Baya. "Production d'anticorps monoclonaux spécifiques de Mycoplasma capricolum : application potentielle à un test de diagnostic rapide sur des laits suspects." Université de Paris-Sud. Faculté de pharmacie (Châtenay-Malabry, Hauts-de-Seine), 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA114823.
Full textOdaga, John. "Rapid diagnostic tests for malaria : effect on quality of care under experimental conditions and in routine practice." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2011. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/7393/.
Full textPiola, Patrice A. "Essais cliniques thérapeutiques et diagnostiques en Afrique sur les populations les plus vulnérables au paludisme." Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066229.
Full textLeygues, Nathalie. "Test de diagnostic rapide en une étape par immunochromatographie : détection de la progestérone au moyen de deux types de marqueurs, la phosphatase alcaline et les microparticules colorées." Compiègne, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991COMPD388.
Full textBertrand-Cervi, Claire. "Evaluation d'un test rapide de détection des IgM anti Puumala virus et son intérêt dans la prise en charge du patient dans un service du centre hospitalier de Charleville-Mézières." Reims, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009REIMP075.
Full textWerngren, Jim. "Rapid assessment of drug susceptibility and mutation to resistance in mycobacterium tuberculosis Beijing type /." Stockholm, 2006. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2006/91-7357-024-9/.
Full textDegerman, Gunnarsson Malin. "Biomarkers as Monitors of Drug Effect, Diagnostic Tools and Predictors of Deterioration Rate in Alzheimer’s Disease." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för folkhälso- och vårdvetenskap, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-196965.
Full textNougairede, Antoine. "Pandémie grippale A/H1N1 2009/2010 : Diagnostic et épidémiologie au laboratoire hospitalier de microbiologie clinique à Marseille." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM5000/document.
Full textIn late April 2009, a new swine-origin A/H1N1 Influenza virus emerged and spread rapidly worldwide causing the first influenza pandemic of the 21st century. This work describes how we coped with this emergency situation in the virology laboratory of Marseille public hospitals. From April 2009 to April 2010, we analyzed more than 13,000 samples from suspected cases. We needed to adapt continuously the organization to maintain diagnostic capacity and the implementation of a point of care strategy revealed very useful to achieve this goal. Our results support the use of rapid Influenza detection tests in combination with real-time RT-PCR because it reduces significantly the delay from sample to result for positive cases, thus giving the opportunity to improve patient management. Epidemiological data from all suspected cases tested allowed us to obtain timely precious information about the epidemiology of this pandemic as the estimation of (i) the incidence by age group, (ii) the rate of hospitalization and (iii) the mortality rate among tested patients. Finally, we set up a serological study and showed that around 12% of the French population had been infected by this new virus in 2009-2010 with higher attack rates observed in children and young adults
Zikusooka, Charlotte Muheki. "Evaluating the cost-effectiveness of artemisinin-based combination antimalarial drugs and malaria rapid diagnostic tests within the context of effective vector control : case study of Southern Africa." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/7439.
Full textThis study seeks to use the techniques of cost-effectiveness analysis to evaluate, within the context of effective vector control, the change to artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) as first line malaria treatment and to evaluate the relevance of using definitive diagnosis (as opposed to clinical diagnosis) as the basis for initiating malaria treatment, especially when using ACTs for treatment. The cost-effectiveness of ACTs was evaluated in two study sites (i.e. In Kwazulu Natal which switched from SP monotherapy to AL in 2001 and in Mpumalanga which changed from SP monotherapy to AS+SP in 2003) in South Africa. The economic evaluation of use of routine definitive diagnosis as part of malaria case management, using rapid diagnostic tests (ROTs), was undertaken at two districts (Namaacha and Matutuine), in southern Mozambique, where routine use of ROTs and treating malaria patients with an ACT (using artesunate + SP) were implemented at pilot level in 2003.
BETTINGER, STEPHANE. "Diagnostic serologique des infections a v. I. H. : developpement et optimisation d'un test rapide de detection des anticorps diriges contre les virus de l'immunodeficience humaine v.i.h.1 et v.i.h.2." Paris 6, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA066813.
Full textSeck, Ibrahima. "The Effectiveness of Home Based Management of Uncomplicated Malaria Using Artemisinin Combination Treatments (ACTs) and Rapid Diagnostic Tests (RDTs) in Rural Senegal (West Africa)| Pilot Study in Three Districts." Thesis, Tulane University, Payson Center for International Development, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10257455.
Full textIntroduction: The Home-based Management of Malaria (HMM) is a cornerstone of malaria control in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and is recommended by WHO to provide prompt access to antimalarial treatment for children in under-served areas. Although HMM has been shown to reduce malaria morbidity and mortality with chloroquine, it has not been examined previously in the era of artemisinin-based combination therapies. The objectives of this study were to determine whether HMM reduced: 1] the time from when a mother or guardian realized her child was ill to the time when the child was brought for treatment and 2] malaria morbidity in children less than 5 years of age.
Methodology: This cross-sectional retrospective study (2008-2014) was performed in intervention villages (receiving HMM) and control villages (not receiving HMM) to examine the effectiveness of HMM.
Key Results: More mothers and guardians were informed about the malaria control activities performed (98% vs. 24%) in intervention than control villages (p < 0.001). Consistent with that result, mothers and guardians in intervention villages sought care for their sick children earlier than mothers in control villages (p < 0.001) and were more likely to obtain treatment from community health workers (CHWs) in their home villages. In contrast, more children were referred for malaria treatment to health posts and health centers from control than intervention villages (p < 0.001). Likewise, more children with complicated malaria were referred for treatment from control villages (p < 0.001), although those conclusions were limited by the small numbers of complicated (severe) malaria cases.
Conclusions: These results indicate HMM shortens the time mothers wait before taking their children to receive treatment. Because more children with uncomplicated or complicated malaria are referred for treatment from control than intervention villages, these results indicate that the availability of HMM treatment in the child’s home village reduces morbidity (the risk of severe malarial disease). However, additional studies with larger numbers of subjects will be necessary to determine if HMM reduces mortality.
Maartens, Gary. "Tuberculous pleural effusions : a prospective study of rapid diagnostic tests (adenosine deaminase, antigen capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the polymerase chain reaction) and evaluation of a radiometric mycobacterial culture system." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/26240.
Full textLansac, Nicolas. "Développement de tests de diagnostic rapides basés sur l'ADN permettant la détection et l'identification de Neisseria spp., Neisseria meningitidis, Listeria monocytogenes ainsi que d'autres pathogènes associés à la méningite bactérienne." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0023/MQ51149.pdf.
Full textBourgoin, Pénélope. "Recherche de nouveaux tests rapides en cytométrie en flux pour l’établissement de diagnostics « aux lits des patients » : application à la discrimination des infections bactériennes et/ou virales en vue de réduire l’usage inutile des antibiotiques." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2020. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/200213_BOURGOIN_959uvzsse391uijk154knph339nyhkrq_TH.pdf.
Full textInfectious diseases are pathologies whose etiological diagnosis is often complex. The clinician must base his diagnosis on his clinical observations and link them to the patient's biological measurements. Several groups are actively seeking new biomarkers to clarify this diagnosis. It is for this purpose that flow cytometry has been used and optimized to compare the expression of new biomarkers on blood cells of infected patients or healthy subjects. Characterization of the expression mechanisms of the markers shows that the expression of CD64 on neutrophils is amplified in patients infected by a bacterium via interferon γ, whereas the expression of CD169 on monocytes is amplified in patients infected with a virus via the type I interferon family (α, β, ω). In addition, the expression of HLA-DR on monocytes seems to help the etiological identification of the infection. The work suggests that the assay of these three biomarkers combined into an optimized flow cytometry technique could be an interesting candidate in studies on the diagnosis of bacterial and viral infections
Ben, Aissa Soler Alejandra. "Rapid diagnostic test for the detection of communicable diseases." Doctoral thesis, TDX (Tesis Doctorals en Xarxa), 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/670392.
Full textLa prevención y el control de las enfermedades transmisibles dependen, en gran medida, de la detección rápida y eficaz. Los métodos convencionales para la detección de un patógeno, como el cultivo microbiológico, generalmente requieren mucho tiempo, son laboriosos, necesitan personal cualificado y no son aptos como herramientas de diagnóstico en el punto de atención. El desarrollo de métodos de diagnóstico rápido en el marco de los criterios ASSURED, del inglés (A) Affordable, (SS) Sensitive and Specific, (U) User-friendly, (R) Rapid and Robust, (E) Equipment free, and (D) Deliverable to those who need it, Affordable, descritos por la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS), se encuentran en la actualidad bajo intenso estudio. Por lo tanto, la presente tesis aborda el diseño y desarrollo de estrategias, métodos y materiales para mejorar las prestaciones analíticas y simplificar el procedimiento en pruebas de diagnóstico rápido, incluidas nuevas estrategias de preconcentración en fase sólida, métodos de amplificación y materiales avanzados, así como su integración en diferentes plataformas (principalmente biosensores basados en detección electroquímica y pruebas en papel con lectura óptica). En todos los casos, las aplicaciones seleccionadas se centran en enfermedades transmisibles, incluidos los patógenos transmitidas por los alimentos y las micobacterias. Con este fin, se comparan dos plataformas basadas en papel en diferentes configuraciones (flujo lateral y vertical) en términos del rendimiento analítico para la detección de Mycobacterium. Para lograr una mejora adicional en el límite de detección, se estudia la preconcentración previa de las bacterias por separación inmunomagnética. En segundo lugar, se evalúan y se comparan en términos de su rendimiento analítico la detección simultánea de Salmonella y E. coli mediante flujo lateral de ácido nucleico con lectura visual y genosensores electroquímicos. Si bien estos métodos requieren PCR de doble etiquetado para la amplificación, se pueden adaptar fácilmente a termocicladores portátiles que funcionan con baterías para poder ser realizados en entornos con recursos limitados para satisfacer las demandas de diagnóstico ASSURED. Además, también se presenta en esta disertación la síntesis de polímeros magnéticos impresos molecularmente, con el objeto de reemplazar las partículas magnéticas biológicamente modificadas, y tomando como modelo la detección de biotina y moléculas biotiniladas. Además, se realiza la caracterización del material mediante diferentes técnicas analíticas y se compara, en todos los casos, con el polímero no impreso. Este material biomimético muestra un gran potencial para la preconcentración y detección de una amplia gama de analitos. A pesar de todo este progreso, las técnicas de amplificación de ácido nucleico siguen siendo necesarias para alcanzar los límites de detección requeridos en algunas enfermedades transmisibles. Las técnicas de amplificación isotérmica son buenos candidatos para llevar pruebas de diagnóstico en entornos donde la PCR puede ser una barrera. En concreto, se describe en esta disertación la detección de E. coli mediante un genosensor electroquímico basada en la amplificación isotérmica. En este caso, se optimiza la lectura electroquímica por voltamperometría de onda cuadrada en electrodos desechables comparando dos estrategias de marcaje del producto amplificado. Es importante resaltar que todas estas estrategias apuntan a ser utilizadas como herramientas para mejorar las pruebas de diagnóstico rápido en entornos de bajos recursos, para interrumpir la cadena de infección de enfermedades transmisibles y permitir, por tanto, un tratamiento precoz.
The prevention and control of communicable disease rely, to a large extent, on effective and early detection approaches. Conventional methods for the detection of a pathogen, such as microbiological culture, are usually time-consuming, laborious, need skilled personnel and are non-amenable to point-of-care diagnostic tools. The development of rapid diagnostic methods in the framework of the ASSURED criteria as (A) Affordable, (SS) Sensitive and Specific, (U) User-friendly, (R) Rapid and Robust, (E) Equipment free, and (D) Deliverable to those who need it, outlined by the World Health Organization (WHO), are under intensive study. Therefore, the present dissertation addresses the design and development of strategies, methods and materials to improve the analytical performance and to simplify the analytical procedure in rapid diagnostic tests, including novel solid-phase preconcentration strategies, amplification methods and advanced materials, as well as their integration in different platforms (mainly biosensors based on electrochemical detection and paper-based strips for optical readout). In all instances, the applications selected are focused on communicable diseases, including foodborne pathogens and mycobacteria. Therefore, two paper-based platforms in different configurations (nucleic acid lateral and vertical flow) are compared in terms of the analytical performance for the detection of Mycobacterium. In order to achieve a further improvement in the limit of detection, the preconcentration of the bacteria is performed by immunomagnetic separation. Secondly, the simultaneous detection of Salmonella and E. coli by nucleic acid lateral flow with visual readout and electrochemical genosensing are evaluated and compared in terms of their analytical performance. Although these methods required double-tagging PCR for amplification, portable, battery-powered thermocyclers can easily be adapted for resource-constrained settings to meet the demands for ASSURED diagnosis. Furthermore, the synthesis of Magnetic Molecularly Imprinted Polymers, in order to replace biological-modified magnetic particles is also presented in this dissertation, taking as a model the detection of biotin and biotinylated molecules with outstanding performance. Moreover, the characterization of the material is performed by different analytical techniques and compared, in all instances, with the non-imprinted polymer. This biomimetic material shows a great potential for the preconcentration and detection of a huge range of analytes. Despite all these progress, nucleic acid amplification techniques are still necessary to reach the challenging limits of detection required in some communicable disease. Isothermal amplification techniques are good candidates to bring sensitive diagnostic tests in places where the PCR can be a barrier. In detail, the electrochemical genosensing of E. coli based on isothermal amplification is also described in this dissertation. In this approach, the electrochemical readout by square-wave voltammetry on disposable electrodes is optimized comparing two different labelling approaches. It is important to highlight that all these strategies aim to be used as tools for the improvement of rapid diagnostic test in low resource settings, to interrupt the chain of infection of communicable diseases and enabling the rapid treatment.
Asmar, Shady. "Diagnostic rapide de la tuberculose par culture." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM5024.
Full textIsolation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by culture is the gold standard for the diagnosis of tuberculosis. The aim of my thesis work was to simplify and improve the culture diagnosis of tuberculosis. At first we started with a bibliographic study, comparing step by step the different techniques and protocols that have been used for the diagnosis of tuberculosis. This work has allowed us to update our tuberculosis diagnosis protocol, starting with the implementation of a "Tuberculosis-kit" consisting of chlorhexidine containing containers for the recovery and decontamination of non-invasive specimens, followed by culture on an egg-based medium, a micro- colonies detection using an inverted microscope or an automated real-time imaging incubator system and finally an identification using mass spectrometry. We established a new chlorhexidine- based decontamination method that we showed to be more efficient for the recovery and isolation of M. tuberculosis than the standard NALC-NaOH method. Than we developed a new serum-based culture medium, the MOD9 that we showed in a comparative study to be superior to the reference LJ medium for the recovery of M. tuberculosis. In a second study we proved that our chlorhexidine/MOD9 protocol was superior to the standard NALC-NaOH/Bactec 960 MGIT protocol for the isolation of M. tuberculosis. And finally the implementation of a real time imaging system for the detection of M. tuberculosis micro-colonies on MOD9 permits us to dramatically reduce the detection time from 15 days with the standard NALC-NaOH/Bactec 960 MGIT protocol to 3.2 days with our 0.7%-chlorhexidine/MOD9/Advencis-Biosystem protocol with a world record detection time of 25h
Neumark, Thomas. "Treatment of Respiratory Tract Infections in Primary Care with special emphasis on Acute Otitis Media." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Allmänmedicin, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-54832.
Full textLovergne, Lila. "Diagnostic pré-symptomatique rapide du sepsis par spectroscopie vibrationnelle." Thesis, Reims, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REIMS026.
Full textSepsis is a dysregulated host response to an infection that causes life-threatening organ dysfunction. Each year, over 30 million cases and 5 million deaths are estimated worldwide. Diagnosis of sepsis is based on non-specific clinical signs and time consuming positive identification of the causative pathogen. The objective of this study is to develop and evaluate the potential of vibrational spectroscopy applied to human serum to improve diagnosis of sepsis. Challenges of serum spectroscopy inherent to the sample nature and preparation as well as to the technique have been assessed to determine the most suitable methodological approach. Then, some aspects of the pre-analytical phase have been addressed in order to standardise protocols in sample handling and preparation for spectral acquisitions to ensure quality and reproducibility of spectral data collected. Different methods have been tested to correct water content variations in dried serum, which can impact on data discrimination. Finally, based upon the developed methodology, patient serum samples (n=380) collected before surgery, up to 3 days before sepsis diagnosis, and on the day of sepsis diagnosis have been analysed. Control serum samples (n=353) from age/ sex/ procedure-matched patients who did not go on to develop sepsis have been also analysed over similar timeframes post-surgery as well as samples (n=180) from patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome. Spectral data acquired have been interrogated by chemometric methods to identify spectral zones reflecting differences in molecular composition allowing discrimination with over 70% of sensitivities and specificities despite water interferences
Chan, Ealine Y. L. "Diagnostic accuracy of tests for asthma." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.511810.
Full textOlivier, Brigitte. "Herpès et grossesse : critique des nouvelles méthodes de diagnostic rapide." Caen, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991CAEN3053.
Full textAllaouchiche, Bernard. "Méthodes de diagnostic rapide des pneumopathies acquises sous ventilation mécanique." Lyon 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LYO1T067.
Full textGuimarães, João Pedro Tôrres. "Desenvolvimento de teste rápido para diagnóstico de Hantavirose humana." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2017. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/7200.
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Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq
Human Hantavirosis is a serious lung disease caused by Hantavírus, pathogen that is related mainly with wild rodents, insectivorous animals and small mammals (shrews, moles and bats). In humans, the disease is called Hantavírus Cardiopulmonary Syndrome (HCPS), which has high mortality rates (~ 50%). In Brazil, 1,871 cases of HCPS have been confirmed, with 789 deaths between the years 1993 to 2016. The symptoms in humans are not very characteristic in the initial stage, and very similar to diseases such as Dengue and Yellow Fever, making it difficult to diagnose, with a need of fast and accurate diagnostic methods for Hantaviruses. To assist in the diagnosis of Hantavírus, we aim to develop a quick and simple test based on immunochromatography. This paper presents results obtained with 3 prototypes of tests compoused by a nitrocellulose membrane (NC) impregnated in the form of a line with the recombinant nucleocapsid protein (rN) Hantavírus-specific, as the capture agent and another parallel line impregnated with protein A, as reaction control. In the NC edges we have a sample zone composed of cellulose fiber and a glass microfiber tape containing the anti-IgM antibodies and / or anti-human IgG conjugated to colloidal gold and at the other end an absorption zone composed of cellulose fiber. We evaluated 163 samples, among them, positive serum for Hantavírus, Dengue, Mayaro, Oropouche, Yellow fever, Malaria (P. falciparum) Malaria (P. vivax), Parvovirus B19, Rubella, HIV, Chikungunya and samples from health donors. After several evaluations, the prototype for the detection of IgM and IgG simultaneously, using the C concentration of protein rN, cutoff point 1 and reading time of the results of 10 minutes was chosen, presenting 100% sensitivity, 99, 3% specificity, 90.9% VPP and 100% VPN. It is expected that the product of this study helps in the diagnosis of severe cases of Hantavírus improving the prognosis of patients and reducing the high rates of HCPS fatality, moreover, helping to promote health by conducting epidemiological studies thereby promoting the construction of strategies to prevent Hantavírus infection.
A Hantavirose humana é uma doença pulmonar grave causada pelo Hantavírus, patógeno que está relacionado, principalmente, com roedores selvagens, animais insetívoros e pequenos mamíferos (musaranhos, toupeiras e morcegos). Em humanos, a doença é denominada Síndrome Cardiopulmonar pelo Hantavírus (HCPS), a qual possui altos índices de mortalidade (~50%). No Brasil, foram confirmados 1.871 casos de HCPS, com 789 óbitos entre os anos de 1993 a 2016. Os sintomas em humanos são pouco característicos na fase inicial, semelhantes aos de doenças como a Dengue e Febre Amarela, o que dificulta o diagnóstico. Portanto, existe a necessidade de métodos de diagnóstico rápidos e precisos para Hantavirose. Para auxiliar no diagnóstico da Hantavirose, objetivamos desenvolver um teste rápido e simples, baseado em imunocromatografia. Neste trabalho são apresentados resultados obtidos com 3 protótipos de testes compostos por uma membrana de nitrocelulose (NC) com a proteína do nucleocapsídeo recombinante (rN) específica de Hantavírus impregnada na forma de uma linha, atuando como agente de captura dos anticorpos na amostra, e outra linha paralela posterior à do antígeno com proteína A como controle da reação. Numa das extremidades da NC temos a zona receptora de amostra composta por fibra de celulose e uma fita de microfibra de vidro contendo os anticorpos anti-IgM e/ou anti-IgG humanas conjugados com ouro coloidal e, na outra extremidade por uma zona de absorção composta por fibra de celulose. Foram avaliadas 163 amostras, dentre elas, soros positivos para Hantavírus, Dengue, Mayaro, Oropouche, Febre Amarela, Malária (P. falciparum), Malária (P. vivax), Parvovírus B19, Rubéola, HIV, Chikungunya e soros de doadores de sangue sadios. Após diversas avaliações, o protótipo para detecção de IgM e IgG simultaneamente, com concentração C de proteína rN na linha teste, ponto de corte 1 e tempo de leitura dos resultados de 10 minutos foi escolhido, apresentando 100% de sensibilidade, 99,3% de especificidade, 90,9% de VPP e 100% de VPN. Espera-se que o produto deste estudo auxilie no diagnóstico dos casos graves de Hantavirose melhorando o prognóstico dos pacientes e diminuindo os altos índices de fatalidade de HCPS, além disso, auxiliando na promoção à saúde, através da realização de estudos epidemiológicos promovendo assim a construção de estratégias de prevenção da infecção pelo Hantavírus.
Emery, Isabelle. "Méthode immunoenzymatique rapide pour la détection d'antigènes solubles bactériens." Lyon 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LYO1T140.
Full textGallegos, Karen M. "Characterization of Pathogens for Potential Diagnostic Tests." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1367942509.
Full textDesailly-Chanson, Marie-Ange. "Evaluation d'une méthode rapide d'identification des anaérobies : an-ident." Bordeaux 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BOR23063.
Full textNerson, Daniel Alain Jacques. "Méthode ELISA "sandwich" pour la détection rapide d'antigènes solubles bactériens." Lyon 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985LYO1W032.
Full textFang, Raymond Rui. "Simultaneous and sequential ROC analyses for diagnostic tests." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/29835.
Full textScience, Faculty of
Statistics, Department of
Graduate
Mabruk, Ben Othmen. "Diagnostic value of Ruffier and breath-holding tests." Thesis, БДМУ, 2020. http://dspace.bsmu.edu.ua:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/17655.
Full textTo, Duc Khanh. "Statistical evaluation of diagnostic tests under verification bias." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3425717.
Full textL’uso corrente di test diagnostici per discriminare tra diverse malattie o classi di malattia pone l’accento sulla necessità di una valutazione attenta e fondata della loro accuratezza. Gli strumenti più comunemente impiegati a tal scopo sono basati sulla cosidetta receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Si utilizzano, in particolare, la curva ROC e l’area sotto la curva ROC (AUC) quando la diagnosi prevede due possibili esiti (tipicamente, non malato e malato), e la superficie ROC e il volume sotteso (VUS) quando la diagnosi si articola su tre classi (ad esempio, sano, stadio iniziale di malattia, stadio avanzato di malattia). Tali strumenti assumono che la vera diagnosi possa essere stabilita per ciascun paziente con certezza utilizzando un test gold standard. Nella pratica, purtroppo, la vera diagnosi potrebbe non essere acquisibile tramite un gold standard per tutti i soggetti coinvolti in uno studio, a causa per esempio del costo o della invasività del gold standard. Cosı̀, spesso, la verifica della diagnosi tramite gold standard viene condotta solo per un sottogruppo di pazienti. La valutazione statistica dell’accuratezza diagnostica di un test costruita solo utilizzando i dati dei soggetti con stato di malattia verificato è in genere distorta. Tale effetto è noto come distorsione di verifica. Esistono vari metodi per correggere tale distorsione nella stima della curva ROC e della area sottesa, sia per test diagnostici binari, che ordinali, che continui. Per quanto riguarda la superficie ROC ed il volume sotteso, esistono metodi di correzione della distorsione solo per test diagnostici ordinali. In questa tesi, si propongono diversi metodi per la correzione della distorsione di verfica per la stima della superficie ROC e del VUS per test diagnostici continui. Tali metodi sono costruiti su strategie di imputazione e riponderazione, e sono sviluppati per meccanismi di mancanza del vero stato di malattia sia casuali che non ignorabili. Viene fornito il comportamento asintotico degli stimatori. A titolo illustrativo, l’applicazione dei metodi è mostrata su due insiemi di dati relativi al cancro ovarico epiteliale. Per garantire applicabilità dei metodi, viene fornito un pacchetto R e l’applicazione web Shiny corrispondente.
Dawson, Emily Mae. "Development and evaluation of a rapid diagnostic test (RDT) for detection of anti-schistosome antibodies." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.659220.
Full textOlanié, Florian Amador del Valle Gilles. "Les tests biologiques en parodontologie." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2008. http://castore.univ-nantes.fr/castore/GetOAIRef?idDoc=50576.
Full textBoutal, Hervé. "Développement et validation de tests de détection rapide de la résistance aux antibiotiques." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS499/document.
Full textBeta-lactams are antibiotics preferentially used against gram-negative bacilli infections. The worldwide spread of extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) or carbapenemase-producing organisms is a global concern and also an economic threat.Within those organisms, Enterobacteriaceae have a major role as causes of nosocomial infections (and, for E. coli, also of community-acquired infections). The emergence and dissemination of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-E), mainly expressing beta-lactamases from the CTX-M family, and in a worrier aspect of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE), mainly NDM, KPC, IMP, VIM and OXA-48 like enzymes, are undoubtedly a matter of great public health concern.CTX-Ms hydrolyze broad-spectrum cephalosporins and are the most encountered BLSE in Enterobacteriaceae, and CTX-Ms producers have been reported as the most prevalent ESBL producers in community-onset urinary tract infections (UTIs). Moreover, CTX-M-producing E.coli are a major cause of bloodstream infections that are often secondary to UTIs. These severe infections are treated with carbapenems, considered as last resort antibiotics. Unfortunately, their increasing use put a selective pressure on Enterobacteriaceae, leading to more and more strains showing decreased susceptibility to carbapenems and potentially leading to therapeutic failure.Considering the limited treatment options for ESBL-E and that CPE are often resistant to several if not all classes of antibiotics, and for which very few (or no) antibiotic options remain available, their rapid detection and identification are essential. Reliable tests are needed to help physicians, to quickly provide appropriate infection control measures, to adapt rapidly antibiotic treatment and optimize care strategies and outcomes.While detecting ESBL-Es or EPCs, it is also crucial to identify the implicated beta-lactamase for accurate therapy implementation. To do so, the antibody-specificity based methods are undoubtedly appropriate. To respond to the current needs, antimicrobial drug resistance detection methods must be cheap (reduced costs of consumables and equipment) and easy to use (reduced technical complexity) for the end user, and LFIAs respond to this requirements. Our objective was to develop such tests, and this led us to produce monoclonal antibodies against CTX-Ms, NDM, KPC, IMP, VIM and OXA-48 carbapenemase families and to develop and validate the corresponding LFIAs. Our tests are robust assays, easily transferable in a commercialized version, stable for more than 24 months without refrigeration, user-friendly (no requirement of trained staff), high performance (sensitive and specific), low cost, from 7€ (monotest) to less than 15€ (multiplex). Moreover, the detection results are obtained in short delay without the need for highly technical equipment for the readout.Here, we validated a LFIA for the detection of CTX-Ms (from group 1) and to a wider extent evaluated the direct detection of CTX-Ms from groups 1, 2, 8 and 9 in clinical samples such as blood culture and urine. Mono-tests to detect NDMs and OXA-48-like, and a multiplex for the simultaneous detection of the five main carbapenemases were also validated. These validations were conducted using 180 well characterized isolates in terms of their -lactamase content from the French National Reference Centre for carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae
Debarre, Étienne. "Application du prototypage rapide à l'aide au diagnostic en chirurgie traumatologique et orthopédique." Thesis, Artois, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ARTO0210/document.
Full textThe medical imaging technologies allow the visualization of diseases and injuries. However, even if dynamic perspective ones, these views remain a virtual 3D visualization because on a 2D screen. Real replicas have therefore a definite advantage: they can make palpable the notion of scale and volume and apparent hidden or ambiguous details and thus enhance or facilitate the diagnosis and the surgical solution.The rapid prototyping allows to achieve a replica from a CAD file issued from imaging data but this process is now only applied to specific cases. Our work shows that it can be applied with profit for complex but usual orthopaedic and trauma surgery cases. It can be so transfered from the research laboratory to the hospital.A methodology is defined to manufacture an ABS replica through rapid prototyping by fused deposition modelling from DICOM3 data and digital 3D reconstructions using dedicated software. The study of the capability, transferable to any process, quantifies the response and the accuracy of the machine and the optimal parameters. Three applications (from CT-scan) are presented through three clinical cases (osteotomy, arthroplasty and trochleoplasty) . The examples show that the method is appropriate (and economically reasonable) when it comes to complex geometry or assessment of bone volume. The objective representation of the volumes is the strength of the method and the interest is undeniable in many areas of orthopaedic surgery and traumatology
Ghodbane, Ramzi. "Diagnostic rapide de la tuberculose pulmonaire par isolement et culture de Mycobacterium tuberculosis." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM5057.
Full textMycobacterium tuberculosis is the cause of one of the most common infectious diseases in the world killing more than 1.2 million people each year according to the World Health Organization (WHO). Currently, M. tuberculosis tuberculosis emerges in other species like non-human primates, Asian elephants, farm animals and some wild animals. We have shown that three species of M. tuberculosis complex survive in the soil for at least 12 months and are pathogenic in a mouse model and M. tuberculosis-infected soil is a potential source of infection for animals. We then developed a protocol for rapid culture of M. tuberculosis, including a new solid culture medium, optimized conditions of incubation, and detection of microcolonies by autofluorescence. Our thesis has helped develop techniques and protocols that are revolutionizing the culture and isolation of M. tuberculosis by reducing delays culture and susceptibility testing, a crucial point for the fight against tuberculosis, especially in countries limited resources and countries with strong emergence of M. tuberculosis strains more resistant. These protocols are being transferred to the routine laboratory