Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Tetela (peuple d'Afrique) – Congo (République démocratique)'
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Okita-Onya, Lokaso. "Contes tetela : moyens de transmission de la sagesse, mode de gestion de la société ancestrale, racines profondes et sources intarissables pour les générations futures." Paris 5, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA05H070.
Full textThe tetela people in the heart of the democratic republic of Congo have a long history of verbal culture in which the narration of tales predominates. Like the ramified roots of a baobab, before it grews out of the ground to live upon the earth, these narratives are the real currents which pass on ancestral wisdom - this wisdom having guided society since its origins. As the sap rising in the baobab trunk nowishing and keeping the great tree green, these wisdoms which animate and give life to the tetela community must reach the present generations and those to come. Unfortunately, one can see nowadays the destiny of this verbal and cultural heritage which comes from an obscure ethnic group. It is being torn between : death giving no more delay to ancient survivors and the rising power of modernism which tends to overcome even the most remote cabins in far-away lends. This ancestral culture is dying. . . The main objectives of this work are two fold : to write-out and analyze the tales of this ethnic group and allow thereby, other cultures to discover ours, to know us better, to understand us better and to add a little more to their cultural knowledge. That is, bringing to universal culture these wisdoms that have been locked-up for so long in their tribal shells
Mulamba, Tshamala. "Identité ethnique & développement endogène dans l'univers Tshokwe : recherche d'une voie originale pour la promotion rurale." Paris 5, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA05H031.
Full textNkay, Malu Flavien. "La croix et la chèvre : les missionnaires de Scheut et les Jésuites chez les Ding orientaux de la République Démocratique du Congo (1885-1933)." Lyon 2, 2006. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2006/nkaymalu_f.
Full textThe action of the Scheut missionaries (1908-1919) and the Jesuits (1921-1933) undoubtedly brought about deep changes amongst the Eastern Ding population; but analysing theses changes shows that the encounter between christianity and the native culture took place in a context of misunderstanding. It also brought about diverse and often unforeseen reactions. In order to face the new challenge initiated by the missionaries, the natives observed, appraised and invented new ways to become part of this new order originating in the Western world without jeopardizing their own traditions which they felt were essential to their historic destiny. For them, it meant ensuring the survival of their identity, through strategic choices in the face of threatening "modern ways" imposed on them by the outside world and within a political and economic context that was both restrictive and oppressive. Above all, they tried to avoid a head-on collision which would have been fatal to them. Therefore they used the tool of trickery and the art of simulation in order to protect those cultural and religious areas that appeared essential to their survival
Kabasele, Mputu Wa Mbumba. "Pourquoi et comment préserver les traditions dans la formation scolaire et extra-scolaire dans un milieu rural de la société zaïroise : les cas chez les Luba du Kasaï, l'enfant de 6 à 12 ans, 1961-1981." Paris 5, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA05H047.
Full textThe thesis written on tradition an modernity showed there was a contradiction that people could not explain. Among the authors who studied this problem on tradition and modernity, we could draw 3 opinions: !) One which translates the traditions, is the major source of identity 2) one another is the problem which hinders the development of modernity. 3) One more mixed attempts to assure the future by necessary technical means, by using example on tradition. I have chosen this mixed opinion as i have studied the tradition as the way to maintain traditional society against some exaggerations and risks unexpected. 87,5 % of people interviewed had followed traditional education. 80 % of them had transmitted traditions to members of their community. 60 % distinguished that members of the community had a positive attitude face to tradition (see tables no 1,2,3). Yes to modernity, to change, to development of rural society and so to regard for cultural personal identity. If the traditional society would to leave underdevelopment, it is obliged to produce more and get into working order. In my discourse, school is the best way to reach the objectives above-mentioned. In fine, school transmits values, customs, morale and knowledges which are characters of global society and authorize itself to function well
Makambila, Pascal. "L'imaginaire dans la vie sociale des Kongo-lari de la République du Congo des origines à nos jours." Bordeaux 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR30031.
Full textOur study deals with the imaginary way of thinking in the social life of the kongo-lari people of the republic of congo from the ancient times up to the present time. The magic and religious believes constitute the fundamental base of the collective "imaginaire" of the kongo-lari,. From the pre-colonial period to the colonial time and from the colonial period to the period of the national constrcution, ancestors worship, witchcraft and sorcery remain th emost important beleives. In spite of the assimilation policy undertaken by thez french colonizers during the colonial time (1875-1960) and the work of evangelization done by the european christian missionaries in order to change kongo-lari's way of thinking, many traditional believes coming from the past are still alive nowadays. We have noticed in our study that the kongo-lari have adopted some european cultural values, but they have not accepted to loose the whole soul of their own culture. For example, when they are ill, they go to modern hospitals and at the same time they believe in the power of witch doctors. This is the way they live because of the deep influence of the imagination in their social life
Nsatounkazi, Armand-Guy. "La survivance des valeurs traditionnelles et familiales Kongo en milieu pétrolier à Pointe-Noire : le cas des agents et ouvriers d'Elf-Congo et Agip-Recherches Congo." Paris 8, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1927PA081231.
Full textThrough the conflict between tradition and modernity, the oil phenomenon of the pointe-noire of congo has partially contributed in the bursting of some cultural and social kongo values. Workmen and employees, kongo belonging to elf-congo and agip-recherches congo and partly separated from their traditional environment, are now facing problems such as : -remaining thoroughly faithful to the logic of a world sticking to traditional structures which some sides less and less appeal to reality ; - or including more and more modernity, so as to improve the structures ; - or furthermore combining modernism as a complementary element with the traditional society. Today the lineage relations are mainly struck by this problem
Malung'Mper, Akpanabi Placide. "L’éducation aux valeurs : le cas des Ding orientaux en République Démocratique du Congo : De 1885 à à nos jours." Lyon 2, 2007. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2007/malung__mperakpanabi_p.
Full textHow to educate to human values, nowadays, in an environment where these systems meet together and are in the same time in opposition with each other ? The crisis in RDC is not based only on this principle, but on education to these principles. It is this particular point that we want to examine specially in a component of the population the eastern “Dings”. The field of analysis is that of human values, analysed from documents, interviews and “twin’s songs”. The collision between their frames of reference leads to conflict between some of them. To understand the different levels that worth these various frames and their yieldings, a modus operandi with three exits is proposed. The first hypothesis tries to look for a settlement between the il-assorted systems where the “actors” of education in our country live. The second hypothesis consists in african culture's valorization. The third hypothesis consists in establishing a suitable method to learn values by giving to each person the means necessary for the “discernment” of this learning goals, and try to understand values and interiorize them for a better individuel and collective life. Raising people to human values needs : - The lessons of the attitude that one must adopt to learn these principles, - As from these lessons one will build his identity, - His personality will result as from these lessons, provided that this movement is nourrished by personnal meditation. To live in that spirit is the fundamentally education to human values
Loubaki, Gilbert. "Valeurs et conflits de valeur chez des enfants Kongo de la République Populaire du Congo : aspects de la construction de la personne." Toulouse 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988TOU20038.
Full textThe values exist but are they expressed in the same way everywhere ? should there be any distinctive characteristic among kongo people ? the specificity of the context in which the study is carried out requieres before hand view of culture, that includes observations, daily practices, interviews. . . To understand the forming of the person also means and mostly grasping the complexity of the cultural environment. Therefore, the values signify the person and the person has his meanings through essential values. This is carried out by connecting basic ties that never break. They express a contant balance work of two poles : filiation links and union ties. The inflation or the breaking of one of the poles give rise to conflicts. In short, thanks to our environment we will try a theorization of the child's appropriateness in his cultural context and to himself
Tegera, Busey Aloys. "Les Banyarwanda du nord-Kivu (RDC) au XXème siècle : analyse historique et socio-politique d'un groupe transfrontalier (1885-2006)." Paris 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA010556.
Full textLokonda, Nkoto Albertine. "L'éducation des jeunes dans la société mongo au Zaïre : les Nkundo de Mbandaka et les Ntomb'e Maloko de Bikoro." Paris 5, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA05H107.
Full textThis study starts with a general survey of the mongos'origins and their migrations. The mongos, descended from their ancestor mbombiyanda, emigrated from the north to the south, along the valley of the Nile, and came out into Zaïre across the region known as high-Zaïre. After bloody battles, they occupied the lands where they now live and which cover about one-fifth of Zaïre. As for the lands of the nkundos of mbandaka and of the ntomb'e malokos, they can be estimated at about one-thirtieth of the mongo domain. In the second part, the social and political structures of the mongos are explained. Both structures are based on kin. The political aspect is based more particularly on the authority of the nsomi family. After the upbringing has been defined, its various agents are set out. Besides the important role played by the mother and her relatives, these agents are above all the relatives on the paternal side. As for the means of this upbringing, the stress is laid especially on their rites. In the elements of their upbringing, the following points are studied : society (as seen before), language, jobs, time, counting, habits and customs, manners, morals standards, ancestral wisdom and spiritual inheritance. The third part shows how this educational system is nowadays experiencing a cultural and social crisis, through the loss of the authority of the clan, and a parental crisis through the introduction of new cultural elements such as : schools, new religions. . . The fourth part, once the survival of the traditional upbringing has been demonstrated, leads naturally to the general conclusion of this study
Baambea, Mboyo Joseph. "Un mode d'inculturation de l'état au Zaïre : la réinstrumentalisation contemporaine de l'organisation socio-politique des classes d'âge dans le cadre du système l'Inongo chez les Mongo." Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA010528.
Full textThe hierarchical system of the Inongo age-groups, among the mongo people of Zaïre, was in a tacit conflict with the Belgian colonial administrators who distabilised the ligneage position, especially by limiting the control over the younger ones. Paradoxically, the traditional hierarchy adopted for themselves the adminitrative titles. For example, the title "engambi" (elder) became the "eloi" which is the deformed vesion of the French word "roi" for a king (with reference to the Belgian king). Why identify oneself with one's oppressor? Is it not a case of resignation and alienation? We hold that this hierarchy had two arms before its opponents : on the one hand, the magico-spiritual arm which consists in using the titles of his adversary to assume his powers ; on the other hand, the cultural arm which "played the resignation and alienation game" in order to appear docile before his powerful oppressor. Thus, by a pseudo-collaboration, the traditionnel hierarchy infiltrated into the rural administration to mark his socio-political organisation. In other words, the Inongo age-group systems, through this infiltration which is one of the principal sources of inspiration for public action in the rural administration, inculturates the state and moderated its violence. Alienation and resignation become, therefore, less a collaboration than a subtle political action that we define as "a contemporary reinstrumentalisation of socio-political organisation of age-group to inculturate the state"
Louaka, Dieudonné. "La représentation de la terre dans le milieu paysan Kongo (R. Du Congo)." Paris 5, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA05H045.
Full textLolema, Ngangeli Désiré. "Les forces religieuses au Zaïre : les Ekonda de Bikoro de 1960 à 1990." Paris 10, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA100098.
Full textOur study has essentially been about two EKONDAS' independent churches. While referring to Christianity those Churches deliberately stand outside the universe of recognized missionary churches. They constitute what people called "prophetism". In that work, we've tried to find what could be similar or different from one prophetism to another. We've also found that in spite of a deep need to found a Black Church, colonization hasn't permitted that European and African meet and grow rich one another in a harmonious and peaceful way. There's then been a brutal schock which has destroyed one part of the local tradition. Syncretic religious movements whose study has been about in that study are a living evidence of that clash. In that study we didn't simply to repeat what has already been acquired, but to try by a clarified approach to illustrate the old given information with new facts by raising unknown aspects. That has allowed us to revisit our past, to think again about it, to renew it and mainly to assimilate it
Khonde, Ngoma Di Mbumba Côme. "Boma capitale de l'état indépendant du Congo (1885-1908) : peuplement et aménagement : émergence d'une nouvelle société Yombe." Paris 7, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA070059.
Full textThis thesis which lies within the framework of the history of African towns aims at relating the history of the foundation and the populating of the city of Boma during the period of the Independant State of Congo (ISC). This study emphasizes two dominating "indigenous" societies in the city of Boma : on the one hand, the Mbomas, first occupants of the site, who play the role of the merchants and on the other hand, the Yombes, people of the forest, whose agriculture is bountiful and who live in the north of Boma. After making Boma the capital city of the ISC, the Belgians developed it in conformity with colonial town-planning, thus dividing the town in two separate districts following the segregationist model : with an area for the Whites and an area for the Blacks. This resulted in the alienation of the natives' lands and obviously led to tensions between the different communities existing in the town. Besides, the discovery of the Mayombe, followed by its exploitation, created another power struggle between the Mbomas and the Yombes. .
Kibelolo-N'Gabala, Jacqueline. "L'Enfant handicapé par déficience physique chez les Kongo : essai d'intégration en milieu scolaire ordinaire." Paris, EHESS, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990EHES0035.
Full textHandicap sets a problem and frightens. This fear persists as silence and avoidance are the best safety devices. Ignorance feeds the fear. Unexpected handicap in a family gives rise to violent emotional reactions leading to paradoxical situations. Whereas the tendency is to consider the disabled person and his family as "the other", the thing itself induces an emotional reaction which has an impact on one's behaviour. This behaviour is inflected by each one's own personality and by the social group one belongs to. Our study is an essay which attempts to give a better knowledge of the disabled child and teenager, to analyse the process of integration, their evolution in a pre-scholastic structure and in primary school, as well as the discriminations and evictions they are subject to, and to bring some answers to the following questions : how can the progress of a function help the child if that child cannot experience that function ? how to help that child to be autonomous notwithstanding the environment in which he lives ? the kongo consider the handicap as fate as well as the notion is related to the way of life the person or a member of his her family has led. It seemed important to us to ascertain this problem through school integration
Mengi, Kapita Grégoire. "La colonisation belge et son impact sur l'organisation socio-politique traditionnelle yaka-luwa de 1890 à 1960." Bordeaux 4, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR40001.
Full text"The belgian colonization and its impact on the social and political organization of the yaka-luwa people" is the subject of our doctoral dissertation. As they acknowledge geed their military defeat, their country economic underdevelopment, their social strate unbalance, the weakening of their political power and of their traditional autority, the loss of their various religious and magic believes caused by christianism, the european school, the modern trade, the european medical or sanitary services, the yaka-luwa (yanga-luwa, yaka-lunda) community became submissive, here and there, between 1930 and 1940, to the belgian autority and finally built a multiracial society. Due to the social and political mixture which caused it to lose its authenticity, the yaka-luwa society became both mi-traditional and mi-modern, and was therefore bound to denitely turn to the future in the same society
Adzou, Emmanuel. "Le traitement social du corps humain chez les Küküa (teke) du Congo : essai de reconstitution de l'histoire des techniques corporelles de la fin du XIXe siècle à nos jours." Paris 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA010556.
Full textThe human body can form the subject of historical discussion. In this present study we attempt to prove it by illustrating the kukua case of the north-western congo. By a grouping several sources (oral, linguistic, material, iconographical and written), it is possible to bring out a gradual modification of those "procedures" which consolidate the balance of the human body : - growth and modelling techniques (from birth to old age); - presentation and protection techniques (bodily care and clothing); - maintenance techniques (feeding and health); - at last collective attitudes towards death. Contacts with other ethnic groups have had some effects on bodily behaviour among the kukua tribe. Two particular eras are to be mentioned here : - from 1880 to 1937 : this era saws the socialization of the human body; - from 1937 onwards. This era marks the provisional evaluation of changes. This way of dealing eith the social treatment of the body in the kukua tribe before and after 1937 (when their cultural contacts started) is absolutely necessary. We have based our study on the kukua tribe so that we can compare them with other groups
Mavinga, Lake Lukau. "De l'enfant sorcier à l'enfant martyr : anthropologie psychanalytique des figures du n'doki et du nganga dans la société bakongo." Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA070098.
Full textThrough our research and clinical work we observed two phenomena concerning of pain treatment, among the Central African bakongo populations. The first one is the symptom insistance (and its "truth"), that causes the bakongos no longer to believe in the traditional power of the nganga (healer magician) but to prefer now to turn to prayer, the priest or the pastor, in a kind of "call to the father" made as part of the movement Christianization of this society. The second observable phenomenon is the child being cast in the role of ndoki (evil power wizard). What should be notced in these African societies is an invented guilt structure where it is the child who bears the family guilt. This African child "cause" of the family misfortune thus becomes the origin of its redemption. In these studies, our work consisted of an attempt to show how the ndoki child (evil power wizard) is transformed into the child martyr, in these African societies
Mweze, Baguma. "Le mariage chez les Bashi et ses transformations récentes : étude d'anthropologie sociale et culturelle." Paris 5, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA05H121.
Full textThe bashi marriage is the culmination of the progressive human and social education of young people, preparing them for their future task. The full rites can be performed only once in the lifetime of each individual, for the first marriage. It is a global initiation to married life, held in an atmosphere of happiness and rejoicing, with meetings, dances, exchanges of gifts and meals, and elaborate rites under the control of experienced men and women. The ritual consecrates the plenitude of definitive and indissoluble matrimonial union, in the face of the problems of polygamy, divorce and death. Animals, plants, human beings, spirits, various realities of the cosmic and cultural worlds, all have their role in this ritual. Stressing the importance of harmony in the community, the tradition makes sure of the agreement of the couple as well as of the mutual understanding of the families forming the alliance. The ceremony emphasizes the support of the ancestors, the continuity of the vital link transmitted to the couple through the parents who, having accomplished their task, accede to the status of elders who have married a child. The whole community is invited to recognize the social changes brought about by this important event. The originality of these traditions has often struck foreigners, especially the missionaries, who were not always able to interpret the richness of shi rites and symbols, whose internal logic escaped them. Through the Christian wedding, religion and education, they introduced the system of western thought and culture which they prejudged to be superior to the shi system. However, this system organizes the sharing of responsibilities and tasks in a spirit of respect for the difference and complementarity of the men and women, thus insuring their mutual physical, psychical and social growth and self-realization
Bakombo, Mulopo Nzam. "Le dialogue interreligieux : pour une théologie de la reconstruction appliquée au mariage mbala du Kwango-Kwilu (Congo-Zaire)." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/40689.
Full textMuzinga, Lola Nicaises. "La palabre chez les Kongo : la résolution traditionnelle des conflits." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25662/25662.pdf.
Full textMban, Loumpele Rigobert. "Esquisse d'une psychologie compréhensive du système mantique traditionnel dans ses relations avec l'articulation des symboles fondamentaux au sein de l'univers de sens Ngangulu (Congo) : caractéristiques et conséquences de la régulation du système." Rennes 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995REN20003.
Full textThe research on divination or mantica, considered here as a study (V. UA), a query, a way to the group memory or to the system of laws disclosed by the elder, is attempted for the first time in the Congo. As far as the Ngangulu conception of existence is concerned, this work is an attempt to explain the Ngangulu universe as to the evolution of the life of man in his environment. If for researchers such as we are, we are trying to shed light on the interpretative theory of the Ngangulu universe, for Ngangulu scientists this is an explanatory theory of life. For them, man and nature are completely indissociable. For them, every concrete detail must be considered in a spiral structure in such a manner that everything linking it to the other concrete details is in keeping with what they consider to be the law of the universe. The latter has for material support the ash of sacred wood (lifura). Lifura, a cyclic causal link, expresses then the condition or the property of all the beings of nature to have a threshold and remain within the possible limits. Consequently lifura is the regulator of the energy Mpyin (Mpini)- or potential necessary to the manifestation of the being. The myths on which the theoretical frame is based will have contributed to the methodological elaboration of our work on the thesis. All these elements for a system, that of the "tradipraticians" which regroups the characteristics and the consequences of social regulation. These are based in the structure of the cultural mormory, i. E. The apex of the pyramid of intelligibility. This is the ancestral memory. We had several methodological options to reach our mains. One would have consisted in matching the observed facts and data gathered in the field to one of the theories of anthropological knowledge (phenomenology, structuralism). Another would have consisted in examining those facts seem from the theoretical frame typical of the Nngangulu culture. Nothing that the Ngangulu people are quite capable of reflection about their own universe, the meaning of life in the word and what forms the human being or (person-personality), we thought it would be justified to choose the latter approach without for all that ignoring the worth and the contribution of the main anthropological or psychological theories
Volper, Julien. "Un art entrevu d'Afrique Centrale : analyse stylistique et iconographique des masques dits luba du Katanga et du Kasaï (République Démocratique du Congo)." Paris 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA010709.
Full textRoger, Alain. "L'art Téké, analyse ethno-morphologique de la statuaire." Paris 7, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA070126.
Full textBunkheti, Kifindi. "Recherches en grammaire du suku : langue bantu (H. 32) de la vallée du Kwango (Angola-Kongo (Zaïre))." Paris 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA030140.
Full textThis work puts forivard the syntactic categories of suku, a kongo language of central africa. It sets the relationships between the phonetics, phonology, morphology and triology before treating the agreement principles. The work deals with the expressions and reflexives constructions, the expressions of quality, and the relatives constructions. The grammatical categories are not structured in the same way writh those the indo-european languages imaley, a detailed appendisc digs profoundly the different points regarding the culture, the people and the language it self. The whole knowledge is put at the cross road for everyone. .
Bodineau, Sylvie. "Droits de l'enfant en praxis : la protection des enfants kadogos en République démocratique du Congo." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/37669.
Full textThis thesis intends to provide an anthropological view of the humanitarian intervention aiming at protecting child soldiers known as kadogos (small in Swahili) in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). It examines the way in which the child rights regime has been implemented, put into practice and articulated in the DRC, through the intervention; in particular, how the global ideal figures of childhood conveyed by the rights of the child have circulated, been put into action and negotiated within a local mechanism to support the reintegration of children and young people leaving armed forces and armed groups. Through a critical analysis of practices, between the elaboration of intervention guidelines and policies and their implementation, it focuses on discourses and practices of the protagonists of the programme implemented (interveners and beneficiaries), considering that they are at the centre of humanitarian transactions, where, in a way, the "monolithic block" that the intervention represents, confronting its field of application, crumbles, dilutes, diversifies, and/or deviates; in the interstices and "entre-lieux de l’humanitaire" (Saillant 2007c) where children's rights are negotiated and "vernacularized" (Merry 2007). By not focusing on an "exotic" population (Congolese "child soldiers"), but on the way in which the "child rights regime" (Pupavac 2001), which originated in the Western world, is confronted with Congolese realities through humanitarian child protection practices, this research is part of an anthropology of the "close". From a typically anthropological perspective, by looking at the practice of children's rights outside their place of creation, it provides a better understanding of how altruisms are constructed in the very contemporary transnational context of humanitarian intervention and human rights. Tracking children's rights from their global conception to their local praxis, it opens the door for their renewal in its different spaces.
Kande, Badibanga Dieudonné. "Les Luluwa et l'occidentalisation (cas de transformations sociales à partir de l'impact colonial)." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211361.
Full textBiloso, Moyene Apollinaire. "Valorisation des produits forestiers non ligneux des plateaux de Batéké en périphérie de Kinshasa (RD Congo)." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210454.
Full textL’étude de la valorisation des PFNL des Plateaux de Batéké a montré que 169 espèces de PFNL appartenant à 65 familles des plantes sont valorisées. Cinq espèces de PFNL sont les plus exploitées dans la zone d’étude. Il s’agit de Pteridium sp, du vin indigène (de palmier à huile et de raphia), de Dioscorea praehensilis, de Talinum triangulare et du rotin. La détermination des facteurs explicatifs du choix de l’exploitation des PFNL les plus exploités dans la zone a été estimé par la régression multiple modèle Probit. Ce modèle a l’avantage d’inclure dans sa structure mathématique, la dépendance mutuelle et des informations sur la pertinence des variables explicatives présentes dans le modèle final. La consommation du Pteridium sp. par le ménage, son prix de vente, sa disponibilité dans les écosystèmes, la distance à parcourir par rapport aux lieux de prélèvement, le statut matrimonial du chef de ménage, la distance par rapport au marché et l’appartenance à une structure locale sont des facteurs explicatifs déterminant dans le choix de l’exploitation du Pteridium sp. Pour l’exploitation du vin indigène, la distance par rapport aux lieux de prélèvement, la taille de ménage, les connaissances endogènes sur le vin indigène, la distance par rapport au marché et le revenu en sont des facteurs explicatifs. Le revenu issu de la vente, les connaissances endogènes, le prix de vente et la consommation sont des facteurs explicatifs déterminants pour l’exploitation de Dioscorea praehensilis. Pour Talinum triangulare, le revenu issu de la vente, la consommation, la distance par rapport au lieu de prélèvement, le prix de vente et les connaissances endogènes en sont les facteurs déterminants. Pour le rotin, la consommation, le prix de vente, les connaissances endogènes et la disponibilité en rotins dans les écosystèmes en sont les déterminants. Les PFNL vendus sur les marchés et points de ventes des Plateaux de Batéké proviennent des jachères forestières, des forêt-galeries et des savanes. Le coût total moyen d’exploitation d’un kg du PFNL est estimé à 0,08 $ US pour le Pteridium sp. 0,05 $ US pour le vin indigène, 0,05 $ US pour le Dioscorea praehensilis, 0,05 $ US pour le Talinum triangulare et à 0,20 $ US pour le rotin. Un exploitant villageois réalise par journée de travail, un revenu moyen de près de 2 $ US pour le Pteridium sp, 9 $ US pour le vin indigène, 1 $ US pour le Dioscorea praehensilis, 0,26 $ US pour le Talinum triangulare et près de 4 $ US pour le rotin. Hormis la valeur socio-économique que la valorisation des PFNL apporte à l’écosystème, certains méfaits sur la durabilité des écosystèmes sont occasionnés. Enfin, cette étude démontre qu’il y a des interactions entre les paysans enquêtés et leurs milieux. La définition d’une politique raisonnée de valorisation des PFNL intégrée à l’approche interdisciplinaire du développement durable reste incontournable pour la zone d’étude.
The present study aims to improve the understanding of the valorisation of the NTFP of the Batéké Highlands situated in the periphery of Kinshasa in order to develop an exploitation mode that guarantees the conservation and a sustainable use and to provide the necessary elements to the management of the NTFP. The investigations by polls on a basis of 280 households have been reinforced by 22 interviews by means of focus groups. Direct observations in situ, socio-economic and ethno-ecological analyses of the exploitation of the NTFP, an analysis of the NTFP processing pathway and an impact study of the exploitation of the NTFP have been carried out between June 2005 and November 2006 in 7 villages of the Batéké Highlands: Mbankana, Dumi, Mampu, Muti-mutiene, Kinzono, Inzolo and 4th City CADIM situated at more than 140 km to the East of Kinshasa. The study of the valorisation of the NTFP of the Batéké Highlands showed that 169 species of NTFP belonging to 65 plant families are valorised. Five species of NTFP are the most exploited in the study area: Pteridium sp, indigenous wine (of palm oil and raffia), Dioscorea praehensilis, Talinum triangulare and rattan. The determination of the factors of the choice of the most exploited NTFP have been estimated by multiple regression and the Probit model. This model has the advantage to include mutual dependence in its mathematical structure as well as information on the relevance of the explanatory variables in the final model. The consumption of Pteridium sp. by household, its selling price, its availability in the ecosystems, the distance to the places of collection, the matrimonial status of the household chief, the distance to the market and the adherence to a local structure are the explanatory factors determining the choice of Pteridium sp. For the exploitation of the indigenous wine, the distance to the places of collection, the size of household, endogenous knowledge on the indigenous wine, the distance to the market and the income are the explanatory factors. The income generated by the sale, endogenous knowledge, the selling price and the consumption rate are the explanatory factors for Dioscorea praehensilis. For Talinum triangulare, the income generated by the sale, the consumption, the distance to the place of collection, the selling price and endogenous knowledge are the determining factors. For rattan, the consumption, the selling price, endogenous knowledge and the availability of rattan in the ecosystems are the determinants of the choice. The NTFP sold on the markets and points of sales of the Batéké Highlands are collected in forest fallow lands, forest-galleries and savannas. The overall average cost of exploitation of one kg of NTFP is estimated at 0.08 $ US for Pteridium sp. at 0.05 $ US for indigenous wine, at 0.05 $ US for Dioscorea praehensilis, at 0.05 $ US for Talinum triangulare and at 0.20 $ US for rattan. A local collector obtains per working day an average income of about 2 $ US for Pteridium sp, 9 $US for the indigenous wine, 1 $ US for Dioscorea praehensilis, 0.26 $ US for Talinum triangulare and about 4 $ US for rattan. Besides the socioeconomic value that the valorisation of the NTFP brings to the ecosystem, some bad practices for the durability of the ecosystems are observed. Finally, this study demonstrates that there are close interactions between the peasants questioned and their environment. The development of a reasonable policy of valorisation of the NTFP integrated with an interdisciplinary approach of sustainable development remains crucial for our study site.
Doctorat en Sciences agronomiques et ingénierie biologique
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Indeka, Nkoso Joseph. "Les chefferies ndengese en conflit: dans les interstices de la tradition et de l'Etat, R.D.Congo." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209364.
Full textC’est essentiellement un mode de lecture du fait politique, les chefferies à travers les âges: conditions d’émergence et d’institutionnalisation, sources de légitimité, supports territoriaux et symboliques, fonctionnement réel, enjeux et conflits. L’analyse de tels processus a nécessité la prise en compte de la dispersion des idées politiques dans les institutions sociales et familiales, la religion, la littérature, l’art et l’économie. On n’a pas négligé pourtant, leurs liens à l’ordre social et les rapports avec les structures politico-administratives étatiques dans lesquelles les chefferies sont enchâssées. Cette dissertation a combiné deux grandes perspectives du pouvoir politique :symbolique et sociologique. Dans la perspective symbolique renouvelée, une des entrées principales a été celle de la « mise en scène » du pouvoir, dans des contextes variés, pour assurer sa légitimité. A été ainsi mis en exergue le concept de « traditions », renvoyant aux analyses de Hobsbawm et Ranger (1983). Cette perspective de l’ethnologie classique du pouvoir politique a été complétée par celle de la sociologie politique davantage tournée vers la « domination » au sens wébérien, les enjeux et relation de pouvoir, ainsi que l’étude des comportements des acteurs :stratégies et tactiques individuelles et collectives. On s’est intéressé aux dynamiques politiques locales produites à travers l’interaction entre les facteurs internes et externes, et aux modalités de réception, d’interprétation et d’appropriation afin d’y lire un peu de « sens ». En cela, cette thèse est « une anthropologie des mondes contemporains » (Augé 1994) avec un arrière-fond historique important. Elle a privilégié l’analyse des interactions aussi bien rituelles qu’administratives. Ces regards croisés du pouvoir politique local ont ainsi permis d’articuler ce qu’Olivier de Sardan (2005) appelle « ethnographie classique et socio-anthropologie des espaces publics en Afrique ».
Doctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales
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Matangila, Musalida Léon. "La catégorie de la faute : approche comparative entre la théorie mbala de la République démocratique du Congo et la conception de Paul Ricoeur dans Finitude et culpabilité : Philosophie de la volonté 2." Paris 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA010640.
Full textZobel, Thierry. "Les retombées du génocide rwandais : analyse géopolitique de l'instabilité perpétuelle du Nord-Kivu." Thesis, Paris 8, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA080029.
Full textTwenty years after the Rwanda genocide, the fallout from this tragedy is still leaving a profound mark on North Kivu. Since 1994, this province has continued to suffer from the repercussions in a region where community rivalry was already close to flashpoint. In fact, the region has become a condensed representation of regional geopolitics where all the players in the crisis are the heirs of the Rwanda genocide. A geopolitical study of the region, with in-depth research focussing on the northern province running mainly from 1990 to 2007, offers an analysis of the period during which local conflict worsened and took on a national bias before expanding onto a regional level with the involvement of foreign national players. The causes of perpetual instability in North Kivu are multifaceted – the riches in its subsoil combined with world demand for mineral raw materials explains the causal relationship between the unlawful exploitation of mining resources and continued warfare, namely that war is a continuation of the economy by other means. It has also been marked by the non-existence or even inconsistency of the Congo State, the extremely high density of population in this region, porous colonial frontiers, the exacerbation of ethnic tension and the pressure of land scarcity and the profusion of armed militia opposing a powerless United Nations. But the regional aims of Rwanda remain central to the instability in North Kivu. Kigali has been able to fully take advantage of and exploit the guilt of the international community for not reacting at the time of the genocide. This feeling of impunity due to “credit for the genocide” is notably made possible by the goodwill of the international community and support from the “friends of the New Rwanda”, starting with the United States. Rwanda has always claimed a threat from ex-FAR troops and Interahamwe militia to justify its direct or indirect presence in the field. Nonetheless, the FDLR (Forces for the Democratic Liberation of Rwanda) nowadays seem far from representing an actual threat to Rwanda but still remain an easy pretext to justify the interference of their troops in North Kivu. The direct consequence of permanent destabilisation of the province is ultimately the establishment of a form of “shared sovereignty” that has given Rwanda the possibility – directly up to 2002 and then indirectly up to the present time – to take full advantage of the “slice of the pie” represented by this territory