Relevant bibliographies by topics / Tetrahedral structure

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Academic literature on the topic 'Tetrahedral structure'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 5 June 2025
Last updated: 24 June 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Tetrahedral structure"

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Talis, Alexander, Ayal Everstov, and Valentin Kraposhin. "Crystal structures of alpha and beta modifications of Mn as packing of tetrahedral helices extracted from a four-dimensional {3, 3, 5} polytope." Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science, Crystal Engineering and Materials 76, no. 5 (2020): 948–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2052520620011154.

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The crystal structures of both α- and β-Mn modifications have been presented as packing of tetrahedral helices extracted from four-dimensional {3, 3, 5} polytope construction. Presentation of the β-Mn structure as a primitive cubic arrangement formed by double tetrahedral helices around a central tetrahedral Coxeter–Boerdijk helix (tetrahelix) enables the inclusion in the structure description not only all atoms but also all tetrahedra; these tetrahedra are not accounted for in the preceding models for the β-Mn structure. The tetrahelix periodicity arising by minimal deformations of tetrahedra edges is equal to eight tetrahedra and coinciding with the lattice periods of both modifications. The linear substructure of α-Mn crystal consists of four tetrahelices which join to each other by edges around the common twofold axis. The α-Mn structure has been presented as primitive cubic arrangement constructed from such rods.
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Chakoumakos, B. C. "Crystal structure systematics from oxide phase diagrams by contouring them with Zoltai's tetrahedral sharing coefficient." Journal of Materials Research 10, no. 7 (1995): 1772–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1995.1772.

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For crystal structures of oxides with tetrahedral coordination polyhedra, the average number of tetrahedra participating in the sharing of a corner, i.e., Zoltai's tetrahedral sharing coefficient, provides a measure of the degree of polymerization of the tetrahedra. By contouring oxide phase diagrams with Zoltai's tetrahedral sharing coefficient, crystal structure systematics can be conveniently displayed and correlated with other physical and thermochemical properties. The advantages of this analysis are (i) a structural map guides exploration for new compounds, (ii) possible structures for existing compounds that are not known are suggested, (iii) the internal consistency of the chemistry of specific compounds is tested by structural constraints, (iv) the physical behavior and properties of a family of compounds in a chemical system can be correlated with the degree of polymerization of the tetrahedra, and (v) the analysis lends itself to computer programming, in that contour templates of tetrahedral sharing coefficients for different types of oxide systems can be easily determined and overlaid on traditional phase diagrams. Shortcomings to this approach are that the tetrahedral sharing coefficient does not define a unique tetrahedral anion topology, ambiguities arise if some of the oxygen atoms are not part of the tetrahedral anion, and many chemical systems contain oxides where one or more of the tetrahedral cations adopt other coordination geometries.
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Krüger, Hannes, and Volker Kahlenberg. "Incommensurately modulated ordering of tetrahedral chains in Ca2Fe2O5 at elevated temperatures." Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science 61, no. 6 (2005): 656–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108768105026480.

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The basic building units of brownmillerite-type A 2 B 2O5 structures are perovskite-like layers of corner-sharing BO6 octahedra and zweier single chains of BO4 tetrahedra. A three-dimensional framework is formed by alternate stacking of octahedral layers and sheets of tetrahedral chains. The compound Ca2Fe2O5 is known to have Pnma symmetry at ambient conditions. The space group Imma was reported to be evident above 963 K. New high-temperature single-crystal X-ray diffraction experiments at 1100 K revealed that Ca2Fe2O5 forms an incommensurately modulated structure adopting the superspace group Imma(00γ)s00, with γ = 0.588 (2). The modulation affects the sequence of the enantiomorphic (right- and left-handed) oriented tetrahedral chains within the layer, breaking the lattice periodicity along c. This ordering can be modelled with crenel occupation modulation functions for the tetrahedrally coordinated Fe, as well as for the O atom interconnecting the tetrahedra.
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Merlino, Stefano. "The structure of reyerite, (Na,K)2Ca14Si22Al2O58(OH)8.6H2O." Mineralogical Magazine 52, no. 365 (1988): 247–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1988.052.365.12.

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AbstractThe crystal structure of reyerite, (Na,K)2Ca14Si22Al2O58(OH)8.6H2O, Z = 1, was refined in the space group P, a = 9.765, c = 19.067Å, to R = 0.064 for 1540 reflections. The structure is composed of the following structural units: (a) tetrahedral sheets S1, with composition (Si8O20)8−, characterized by six-membered rings of tetrahedra; (b) tetrahedral sheets S2, characterized by six-membered rings of tetrahedra, with six tetrahedra pointing in one direction and two pointing in the other direction—the apical oxygens of these two tetrahedra connect two inversion-related S2 sheets to build double sheets, with composition (Si14Al2O38)14− and ordered distribution of aluminum cations; (c) sheets O of edge-sharing calcium octahedra. The various structural units are connected through corner sharing according to the schematic sequence ……; the corresponding composition is [Ca14Si22Al2O58(OH)8]2−. The charge balance is restored by alkali cations which are placed, together with water molecules, in the cavities of the structure at the level of the double tetrahedral sheet.
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Nagashima, M., and T. Armbruster. "Ardennite, tiragalloite and medaite: structural control of (As5+,V5+,Si4+)O4 tetrahedra in silicates." Mineralogical Magazine 74, no. 1 (2010): 55–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.2010.074.1.55.

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AbstractSeveral silicate-minerals, such as ardennite – Mn2+4MgAl5[Si5(As5+,V5+)O22](OH)6, Z = 2, tiragalloite – Mn2+4[Si3As5+O12(OH)], Z = 4 and medaite – Mn2+6[Si5(V5+,As5+)O18(OH)], Z = 4 possess (V5+,As5+,P5+)O4 tetrahedra. Using electron-microprobe analysis (EMPA) and single-crystal X-ray diffraction methods, the crystal chemistry of ardennite from Salam-Château, Belgium and the Vernetto mine, Italy, tiragalloite from the Gambatesa mine, Italy, and medaite from the Molinello mine, Italy and the Fianel mine, Switzerland, were studied. Structure refinements converged to R1 values of 2.10–5.67%. According to chemical analysis, the Σ(As+V+P) content increases with decreasing Si content. Thus, Si replaces pentavalent cations in tetrahedral coordination. The (As5+,V5+,P5+,Si4+)O4 tetrahedra are categorized by their connections to SiO4 tetrahedra. The (As5+,V5+,P5+,Si4+)O4 tetrahedron of ardennite is isolated, and those of tiragalloite and medaite terminate a tetrahedral chain. The <T–O> of the isolated (As5+,V5+,P5+,Si4+)O4 tetrahedron shows a positive correlation with the mean ionic radius. For (As5+,V5+,P5+,Si4+)O4 tetrahedra with one T–O–T link, <T–O> and mean ionic radius are also correlated. In addition, the longest bridging T–O bond occurs between (As,V,P,Si)O4 and the adjacent SiO4 tetrahedron. The bridging O atom is over-bonded to satisfy the charge requirement of Σ(As+V+Si).
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Hammond, R., and J. Barbier. "Structural chemistry of NaCoPO4." Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science 52, no. 3 (1996): 440–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108768195016259.

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Sodium cobalt phosphate, NaCoPO4, occurs as two different polymorphs which transform reversibly at 998 K. The crystal structures of both polymorphs have been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The low-temperature form α-NaCoPO4 crystallizes in the space group Pnma with cell parameters: a = 8.871 (3), b = 6.780 (3), c = 5.023 (1) Å, and Z = 4 [wR(F 2) = 0.0653 for all 945 independent reflections]. The α-phase contains octahedrally coordinated Co and Na atoms and tetrahedrally coordinated P atoms, and is isostructural with maracite, NaMnPO4. The structure of high-temperature β-NaCoPO4 is hexagonal with space group P65 and cell parameters: a = 10.166 (1), c = 23.881 (5) Å, and Z = 24 [wR(F 2) = 0.0867 for 4343 unique reflections]. The β-phase belongs to the large family of stuffed tridymites, with the P and Co atoms occupying tetrahedral sites and the Na atoms located in the cavities of the tetrahedral framework. The long c axis corresponds to a 3 × superstructure of the basic tridymite framework (c ≃ 8 Å) and is caused by the displacement of the Na atoms, tetrahedral tilts and strong distortions of the CoO4 tetrahedra. A bond-valence analysis of these phases reveals that the polymorphism in NaCoPO4 is due in part to over-/underbonding of the Na atom in the low-/high-temperature structures, respectively.
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Redhammer, Günther J., and Gerold Tippelt. "The tetragermanatesA2Ge4O9(A= Na, K and Rb)." Acta Crystallographica Section C Crystal Structure Communications 69, no. 9 (2013): 995–1001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108270113020921.

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The crystal structures of three alkali tetragermanatesA2Ge4O9(A= Na, K and Rb) [namely disodium tetragermanate, Na2Ge4O9, dipotassium tetragermanate, K2Ge4O9, and dirubidium tetragermanate, Rb2Ge4O9] are trigonal (space groupP\overline{3}c1). The main building units are a three-membered ring of tetrahedra, oriented within the (001) plane and forming tetrahedral sheets. These sheets are connected to each other by two different regular isolated GeO6octahedraviacorner-sharing to build up a tetrahedral–octahedral framework. The alkali cations are located in cavities within this framework and are sevenfold coordinated. The increasing size of theA-site cation is accommodated by twist deformations of the tetrahedral rings and alterations in the Ge—O—Ge angles. With increasing size of theA-site cation, both the tetrahedral and octahedral sites become more regular, with slightly decreasing 〈Ge—O〉 distances from Na2Ge4O9to Rb2Ge4O9. This goes hand-in-hand with a more uniform distribution of bonds around theA-site cation. All these observations make Rb2Ge4O9the most regular member of thisA2Ge4O9octahedral–tetrahedral framework structure series.
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Burns, Peter C. "The crystal structure of szenicsite, Cu3MoO4(OH)4." Mineralogical Magazine 62, no. 04 (1998): 461–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/002646198547837.

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Abstract The crystal structure of szenicsite, Cu3MoO4(OH)4, orthorhombic, a = 8.5201(8), b = 12.545(1), c = 6.0794(6) Å, V = 649.8(2) Å3, space group Pnnm, Z = 4, has been solved by direct methods and refined by least-squares techniques to an agreement index (R) of 3.34% and a goodness-of-fit (S) of 1.11 for 686 unique observed [|F| ⩾ 4σF] reflections collected using graphite-monochromated Mo-Kα X-radiation and a CCD area detector. The structure contains three unique Cu2+ positions that are each coordinated by six anions in distorted octahedral arrangements; the distortions of the octahedra are due to the Jahn-Teller effect associated with a d 9 metal in an octahedral ligand-field. The single unique Mo6+ position is tetrahedrally coordinated by four O2− anions. The Cu2+ϕ6 (ϕ: unspecified ligand) octahedra share trans edges to form rutile-like chains, three of which join by the sharing of octahedral edges to form triple chains that are parallel to [001]. The MoO4 tetrahedra are linked to either side of the triple chain of Cu2+ϕ6 octahedra by the sharing of two vertices per tetrahedron, and the resulting chains are cross-linked through tetrahedral-octahedral vertex sharing to form a framework structure. The structure of szenicsite is closely related to that of antlerite, Cu3SO4(OH)4, which contains similar triple chains of edge-sharing Cu2+ϕ6 octahedra.
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Klenk, Simon, Wolfgang Frey, Martina Bubrin та Sabine Laschat. "Tetra-μ3-iodido-tetrakis[(tri-n-butylphosphane-κP)copper(I)]". Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 70, № 4 (2014): m117—m118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600536814003390.

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The title complex, [Cu4I4(C12H27P)4], crystallizes with six molecules in the unit cell and with three independent one-third molecule fragments, completed by application of the relevant symmetry operators, in the asymmetric unit. The tetranuclear copper core shows a tetrahedral geometry (site symmetry 3..). The I atoms also form a tetrahedron, with I...I distances of 4.471 (1) Å. Both tetrahedra show an orientation similar to that of a pair of self-dual platonic bodies. The edges of the I-tetrahedral structure are capped to the face centers of the Cu-tetrahedron andvice versa. The Cuface...I distances are 2.18 Å (averaged) and the Iface...Cu distances are 0.78 Å (averaged). As a geometric consequence of these properties there are eight distorted trigonal–bipyramidal polyhedra evident, wherein each trigonal face builds up the equatorial site and the opposite Cu...I positions form the axial site. As expected, then-butyl moieties are highly flexible, resulting in large elongations of their anisotropic displacement parameters. Some C atoms of then-butyl groups were needed to fix alternative discrete disordered positions.
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Hennings, Erik, Horst Schmidt, and Wolfgang Voigt. "Crystal structures of ZnCl2·2.5H2O, ZnCl2·3H2O and ZnCl2·4.5H2O." Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 70, no. 12 (2014): 515–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600536814024738.

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The formation of different complexes in aqueous solutions is an important step in understanding the behavior of zinc chloride in water. The structure of concentrated ZnCl2solutions is governed by coordination competition of Cl−and H2O around Zn2+. According to the solid–liquid phase diagram, the title compounds were crystallized below room temperature. The structure of ZnCl2·2.5H2O contains Zn2+both in a tetrahedral coordination with Cl−and in an octahedral environment defined by five water molecules and one Cl−shared with the [ZnCl4]2−unit. Thus, these two different types of Zn2+cations form isolated units with composition [Zn2Cl4(H2O)5] (pentaaqua-μ-chlorido-trichloridodizinc). The trihydrate {hexaaquazinc tetrachloridozinc, [Zn(H2O)6][ZnCl4]}, consists of three different Zn2+cations, one of which is tetrahedrally coordinated by four Cl−anions. The two other Zn2+cations are each located on an inversion centre and are octahedrally surrounded by water molecules. The [ZnCl4] tetrahedra and [Zn(H2O)6] octahedra are arranged in alternating rows parallel to [001]. The structure of the 4.5-hydrate {hexaaquazinc tetrachloridozinc trihydrate, [Zn(H2O)6][ZnCl4]·3H2O}, consists of isolated octahedral [Zn(H2O)6] and tetrahedral [ZnCl4] units, as well as additional lattice water molecules. O—H...O hydrogen bonds between the water molecules as donor and ZnCl4tetrahedra and water molecules as acceptor groups leads to the formation of a three-dimensional network in each of the three structures.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Tetrahedral structure"

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Rad, M. Goshtasbi. "Electronic structure and reactions at some tetrahedral semiconductor surfaces /." Stockholm : Tekniska högsk, 2000. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-3069.

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Zimmermann, Iwan. "The Role of Tetrahedral Building Blocks in Low-Dimensional Oxohalide Materials." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för material- och miljökemi (MMK), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-108160.

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The structural architecture found in low-dimensional materials can lead to a number of interesting physical properties including anisotropic conductivity, magnetic frustration and non-linear optical properties. There is no standard synthesis concept described thus far to apply when searching for new low-dimensional compounds, and therefore control on the design of the new materials is of great importance.This thesis describes the synthesis, crystal structure and characterization of some new transition metal oxohalide compounds containing p-elements having a stereochemically active lone-pair. First row transition metal cations have been used in combination with SeIV, SbIII and TeIV ions as lone-pair elements and Cl- and Br- as halide ions. The lone-pairs do not participate in covalent bonding and are responsible for an asymmetric one-sided coordination. Lone-pair elements in combination with halide ions have shown to be powerful structural spacers that can confine transition metal building blocks into low-dimensional arrangements. The halide ions and lone-pairs reside in non-bonded crystal volumes where they interact through weak van der Waals forces. The transition metal atoms are most often arranged to form sheets, chains or small clusters; most commonly layered compounds are formed.To further explore the chemical system and to separate the transition metal entities even more the possibility to include tetrahedral building blocks such as phosphate-, silicate-, sulphate- and vanadate building blocks into this class of compounds has been investigated. Tetrahedral building blocks are well known for their ability of segmenting structural arrangements by corner sharing, which often leads to the formation of open framework structures. The inclusion of tetrahedral building blocks led to the discovery of interesting structural features such as complex hydrogen bonding, formation of unusual solid solutions or faulted stacking of layers.Compounds for which phase pure material could be synthesized have been characterized in terms of their magnetic properties. Most compounds were found to have antiferromagnetic spin interactions and indications of magnetic frustration could be observed in some of them.<br><p>At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 6: Manuscript. Paper 9: Manuscript. Paper 10: Manuscript.</p>
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Alshahrani, Sahar. "A Theoretical Study of the Electronic Structures of Tetrahedral Boron-Halogen Complexes." DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 2019. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/cauetds/180.

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This study addresses the structure and the bonding in the family of tetrahedral boranes. The specific molecules studied are the series B4X4 (X=H, F, Br, Cl, I), the series B4BrCl3, B4Br2Cl2, and B4Br3Cl and tetra-tert-butyl-tetraborane, t-Bu4B4. The research presented herein employs the Hartree-Fock Self Consistent Field (HFSCF), the Moller-Plesset second-order perturbation theory (MP2), and the Density Function Theory (DFT). A variety of basis sets was employed. Our calculations are the first theoretical studies of B4Br4, B4I4, B4BrCl3, B4Br2Cl2, and B4Br3Cl, and are also the first calculations for the D4h structures of any of these molecules, except for B4H4. These results were compared with experimental results, where such comparisons can be made. The most energetically stable structure for all the B4X4 and B4BrnClm molecules has symmetry Td.
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Liu, Ping. "Structural, Kinetic and Mutational Analysis of Two Bacterial Carboxylesterases." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2007. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/biology_diss/26.

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The crystal structures of two thermostable carboxylesterase Est30 and Est55 from Geobacillus stearothermophilus were determined to help understand their functions and applications in industry or medicine. The crystal structure of Est30 was determined at 1.63 Å resolution by the multiple anomalous dispersion method. The two-domain Est30 structure showed a large domain with a modified alpha/beta hydrolase core including a seven, rather than an eight-stranded beta sheet, and a smaller cap domain comprising three alpha helices. A 100 Da tetrahedral ligand, propyl acetate, was observed to be covalently bound to the side chain of Ser94 in the catalytic triad. This ligand complex represents the first tetrahedral intermediate in the reaction mechanism. Therefore, this Est30 crystal structure will help understand the mode of action of all enzymes in the serine hydrolase superfamily. Est55 is a bacterial homologue of the mammalian carboxylesterases involved in hydrolysis and detoxification of numerous peptides and drugs and in prodrug activation. Est55 crystals were grown at pH 6.2 and pH 6.8 and the structures were determined at resolutions of 2.0 and 1.58 Å respectively. Est55 folds into three domains, a catalytic domain, an α/β domain and a regulatory domain. This structure is in an inactive form; the side chain of His409, one of the catalytic triad residues, is pointing away from the active site. Moreover, the adjacent Cys408 is triply oxidized and lies in the oxyanion hole, which would block the entry of substrate to its binding site. This structure suggested a self-inactivation mechanism, however, Cys408 is not essential for enzyme activity. Mutation of Cys408 showed that hydrophobic side chains at this position were favorable, while polar serine was unfavorable for enzyme activity. Both Est30 and Est55 were shown to hydrolyze the prodrug CPT-11 into the active form SN-38. Therefore, Est30 and Est55 are potential candidates for use with irinotecan in cancer therapy. The catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) of Est30 is about 10-fold lower than that of Est55. The effects of the Cys408 substitutions on Est55 activity differed for the two substrates, p-NP butyrate and CPT-11. Mutant C408V may provide a more stable form of Est55.
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Basbous, Hind. "Etudes structurales et propriétés enzymatiques de deux nouvelles aminopeptidases TETs auto-compartimentées chez les archées." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAV016/document.

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Les aminopeptidases représentent un groupe d’enzymes qui possèdent une fonction cellulaire clef dans les mécanismes physiologiques et pathologiques. Elles interviennent dans la cascade enzymatique après l’action des endoprotéases, dans l’homéostasie au travers le renouvellement du pool d’acides aminés, dans le métabolisme énergétique, la régulation de l’activité des peptides bioactifs, la présentation antigénique ainsi dans une diversité de mécanismes pathologiques tels que les maladies neurologiques et les infections virales et parasitaires. Les aminopeptidases TETs sont capables de former des macro-assemblages tétraédriques comprenant douze sous-unités. En vue de mieux comprendre leur fonction biologique et leur mode d'action, nous avons étudié les propriétés fonctionnelles et structurales de deux nouveaux complexes TETs issus d'archées hyperthermophiles. L'archée hyperthermophile Methanocaldococcus jannaschii ne possède qu'une version de TET (MjTET) qui a été produite dans Escherichia coli et purifiée sous forme de dodécamère. La recherche de son activité enzymatique et de ses substrats peptidiques par des tests chromogéniques et fluorogéniques, ainsi que des études par HPLC en phase inverse, montre que cette enzyme est une leucine aminopeptidase activée par le cobalt se distinguant des autres aminopeptidases M42 par son très large spectre d'action qui s'étend aux résidus aromatiques. Une structure complète de cette aminopeptidase a été résolue en combinant la cristallographie (2.4 Å) et la cryo-EM (4,1 Å). L'analyse de la poche de spécificité de MjTET permet de mieux comprendre les bases structurales de la discrimination de substrat chez les TETs. De plus, l'analyse de la structure interne de la particule permet de proposer un nouveau mécanisme de navigation des peptides à l’intérieur des particules tétraédriques de la famille TET.L'archée hyperthermophile Pyrococcus horikoshii comporte trois types de complexes TETs. L'étude d'une protéine présentant ~20 % d'identité avec ces systèmes, nous a permis d'identifier une quatrième version du système TET dans cet organisme : PhTET4. La protéine recombinante a été purifiée. Elle forme un complexe dodécamérique tétraédrique. Les études biochimiques révèlent que l'enzyme possède une spécificité très étroite dirigée exclusivement vers l'hydrolyse des résidus glycines de l'extrémité N-terminale des peptides. De plus, elle estactivée par le nickel. Ces caractéristiques permettent de proposer que, chez les archées, la multiplication et la spécialisation des enzymes TETs seraient associées au caractère hétérotrophes alors que le système des archées autotrophes se réduirait à une TET unique apte à assurer une fonction de « ménage »<br>Aminopeptidases represent a group of enzymes displaying key cellular function inphysiological and pathological mechanisms. They are involved in the enzymatic cascade beyond the action of endoproteases, in homeostasis through the renewal of the amino acid pool, in the energy metabolism, in the regulation of bioactive peptide activities, in the antigen presentation and in a diversity of pathological mechanisms such as neurological diseases as well as viral and parasitic infections. Aminopeptidases TET are able of forming tetrahedral macro-assemblies built by twelve subunits. In order to better understand their biological function and their mode of action, we studied the functional and structural properties of two novel TET complexes derived from hyperthermophilic archaea. The hyperthermophilic archaeon Methanocaldococcus jannaschii has only one version of TET (MjTET) that was produced in Escherichia coli and purified as dodecameric macromolecule. The search for its enzymatic activity and peptide substrates by using chromogenic/fluorogenic assays and reverse phase HPLC studies, demonstrated that this enzyme is a cobalt-activated leucine aminopeptidase, discriminated from other M42 aminopeptidases by its very broad activity spectrum, that extends to aromatic residues. Complete structure of this aminopeptidase was determined by combining X-ray crystallography (2.4 Å) and cryo-electron microscopy (4.1 Å). Analysis of MjTET specificity pocket indicated possible molecular bases for substrate discrimination in TET peptidases. In depth investigation of the particle internal structure allowed to propose a novel peptide trafficking mechanism for the TET family tetrahedral particles. Three types of TET complexes are present in the hyperthermophilic archaea, Pyrococcus horikoshii. The study of an unassigned protein displaying ~20% identity with the PhTETs systems allowed us to identify a fourth version of TET complex in this organism: PhTET4. The recombinant protein was purified. It formed tetrahedral dodecameric complex. Biochemical studies indicated that the enzyme has a very narrow hydrolytic specificity directed exclusively toward the peptide N-terminal glycine residues. In addition, this enzyme is activated by nickel ions. These features allowed proposing that, in archaea, the multiplicity of specialized TET systems could be associated with heterotrophy while unique TET system displaying “housekeeping” function is present in autotrophic organisms
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Vancraeyenest, Aurélie. "Résultats et simulation en spectroscopie γ des noyaux déformés : cas des noyaux isomériques et tétraédriques". Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00639798.

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Le travail présenté dans ce manuscrit regroupe deux études de spectroscopie γ. La première concerne les isomères des noyaux de néodyme autour de N=82. Ces noyaux, lorsqu'ils sont étudiés par des modèles de type Cranked-Nilsson-Strutinsky, présentent des états énergétiquement favorisés. Ils sont autant de candidats pour la recherche d'isomères de spin. Expérimentalement, un certain nombre d'états isomériques ont déjà été observés dans les noyaux de 138,139,140Nd sur lesquels porte cette étude. Afin de mieux caractériser ces états, une expérience a été menée en août 2009 à Jyväskylä auprès de l'ensemble de détection JUROGAM-RITU-GREAT. La réaction de fusion-évaporation 48Ca + 76Zr 144Nd* réalisée avec une cible mince a permis de produire majoritairement les noyaux 139,140Nd. Les noyaux produits, transportés au plan focal par le spectromètre RITU, sont implantés et le rayonnement émis par la décroissance des isomères est ensuite recueilli par l'ensemble de détection GREAT. Nous développerons l'analyse complète de cette expérience et nous montrerons les résultats émergents. Nous avons, par exemple, pu montrer l'alimentation du niveau 20+ de 140Nd ainsi que le placement énergétique du niveau isomérique du noyau 139Nd. La deuxième partie de ce travail s'articule autour de la recherche de la symétrie tétraédrique dans le noyau 156Gd. Cela a consisté à la fois en un travail de spectroscopie γ des bandes de parité positive de ce noyau, laquelle a fait émerger un certain nombre de nouvelles transitions. Le deuxième volet de cette étude consistait à simuler dans l'environnement ROOT - GEANT4 le seuil d'observation des signaux faibles avec le détecteur de rayonnements γ de nouvelle génération AGATA
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Clark, Stewart. "Complex structures in tetrahedrally bonded semiconductors." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/13420.

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Complex tetrahedral structures form good models for amorphous Group IV and III-V semiconductors. With a view of working towards examining non-crystalline materials, the structural, electronic and vibrational properties of complex tetrahedrally bonded semiconductors are investigated by various molecular dynamics techniques. First principles quantum mechanical molecular dynamics calculations are performed on two such structures and the effects of pressure on their behaviour is reported. A full free energy calculation using this method remains unfeasible and therefore an empirical bond charge model is used to calculate the full pressure-temperature phase diagram of the structures. Several surface reconstructions of a complex phase of silicon are then examined and the lowest energy surface of any silicon structure so far is found. Point defects in the diamond phase of silicon and carbon also give insight into various unusual bonding topologies that could be found in their amorphous phase. Structural and vibrational properties of several defects are considered. Finally, calculations on amorphous carbon and silicon at several densities are done and a comparison between the structural and electronic properties made. New bonding topologies are found in the structures including three centre bonding orbitals in the amorphous carbon models.
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Wilson, Janet Kirsten. "Procedures for sequential and parallel automatic adaptive tetrahedral mesh generation." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/1171.

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Jesurum, Caroline Esther 1969. "Local-rules based topological modeling of tetrahedral ceramic network structures." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/49622.

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Touileb, Yazid. "Four-dimensional dose calculation using deformable tetrahedral geometries for hadron therapy." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE1179.

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L’estimation de la distribution de dose et d’énergie en présence du mouvement des tissus induit par la respiration, constitue un défi technologique important dans la planification du traitement en hadronthérapie. Notamment pour le cancer pulmonaire, dans lequel de nombreuses difficultés apparaissent comme la variation de densité des tissues, le changement de la forme des organes ainsi que le décalage de la position de la tumeur pendant la respiration. Tous ces paramètres affectent la portée du faisceau d’ions utilisés pendant le traitement, et, par conséquent entraînent une distribution de dose inattendue. L’objectif principal de cette thèse est de proposer une méthode de calcul de dose basée sur les structures tétraédriques, qui permet d’estimer les distributions de dose des organes en mouvement en utilisant les simulations Monte Carlo. Ces distributions de dose sont calculées en utilisant une carte de densité tétraédrique dépendante du temps, décrivant l’anatomie interne du corps humain. De plus, le mouvement interne peut être représenté à l'aide d'une modélisation biomécanique résolue par la méthode des éléments finis (MEF) ou d'une carte de déplacement issue d’un recalage d’images déformable. Contrairement aux méthodes basées sur les structures classiques à base de voxels, la dose déposée s’accumule à l’intérieur de chaque tétraèdre au cours de la déformation, surmontant ainsi le problème du suivi tissulaire puisque le tétraèdre est défini comme une partie d’un tissu dont la composition chimique et la topologie ne changent pas. Dans la première partie de la thèse, nous avons développé une méthode de calcul de dose qui génère une carte de dose 4D en utilisant un modèle tétraédrique spécifique au patient. En outre, nous étudions l’effet du niveau de détail des maillages tétraédriques sur la précision de la distribution de la dose obtenue. Dans la deuxième partie, nous nous concentrons sur l’optimisation de la géométrie tétraédrique pour réduire le temps de simulation, sachant que l’obtention d’une distribution de dose précise peut être coûteux en termes de temps. Pour surmonter ce problème, nous avons proposé une nouvelle approche qui prend en compte la direction du faisceau afin de minimiser l'erreur de l’épaisseur équivalent eau des tétraèdres avant le volume de la tumeur. Cette méthode permet d'obtenir un maillage tétraédrique grossier et, par conséquent, d'améliorer les performances de calcul dans les simulations de Monte Carlo, tout en conservant une distribution de dose précise dans le volume cible<br>The estimation of energy and dose distribution patterns in respiratory-induced organ motion constitutes a significant challenge in hadron therapy treatment planning and dosimetry. Notably for lung cancer in which many difficulties arise, like tissue densities variation and the tumor position shifting during respiration. All these parameters affect the ranges of protons or ions used in treatment when passing through different tissues and can easily result in unexpected dose distribution. The present work consists of calculating the dose distributions of moving organs by means of Monte Carlo simulations and patient-specific modeling tools. The dose distributions are calculated using a time-dependent tetrahedral density map, describing the internal anatomy of the human body. Additionally, the internal motion can be described using either a biomechanical modeling based on Finite Element Analysis (FEA) or deformable image registration displacement map. Unlike methods based on the conventional voxel-based structures, the deposited energy is accumulated inside each tetrahedron during deformation, thus overcoming the problem of tissue tracking since that the tetrahedron is defined as a part of a tissue whose chemical composition and topology do not change. The first part of the Ph.D. project proposes a dose calculation method that generates a 4D dose map using a patient-specific tetrahedral model. Besides, we study the effect of the level of detail of tetrahedral meshes on the accuracy of the resulted dose distribution. In the second part, we focus on the optimization of the tetrahedral geometry to address the problem of time simulation, since obtaining a precise dose distribution can be very time-consuming. To overcome this issue, we've defined a new approach that takes into account the direction of the beam to minimize the error of the water equivalent thickness of the tetrahedrons before the tumor volume. This method allows for a coarsened tetrahedral mesh and as a result, improved computational performance in Monte Carlo simulations while guaranteeing a precise dose distribution in the target volume
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Books on the topic "Tetrahedral structure"

1

Center, Langley Research, ed. A guidance scheme for automated tetrahedral truss structure assembly based on machine vision. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1996.

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Wells, A. F. Survey of tetrahedal structures. Royal Society, 1986.

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United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. Multi-criterion preliminary design of a tetrahedral truss platform. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1995.

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United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. Multi-criterion preliminary design of a tetrahedral truss platform. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1995.

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United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. Multi-criterion preliminary design of a tetrahedral truss platform. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1995.

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Lalvani, Haresh. Transformational part-count in layered octahedral-tetrahedral truss configurations. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1990.

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Lalvani, Haresh. Transformational part-count in layered octahedral-tetrahedral truss configurations. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1990.

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Center, Langley Research, ed. Transformational part-count in layered octahedral-tetrahedral truss configurations. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1990.

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S, Lake Mark, and Langley Research Center, eds. Natural frequency of uniform and optimized tetrahedral truss platforms. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1994.

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Lalvani, Haresh. Comparative morphology of configurations with reduced part count derived from the octahedral-tetrahedral truss. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1991.

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Book chapters on the topic "Tetrahedral structure"

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Wold, Aaron, and Kirby Dwight. "Chalcogenides With the Tetrahedral Structure." In Solid State Chemistry. Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1476-9_11.

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Chisholm, J. S. R., and R. S. Farwell. "Tetrahedral structure of idempotents of the Clifford algebra C3,1." In Clifford Algebras and their Applications in Mathematical Physics. Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8090-8_3.

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Liebau, Friedrich. "Influence of Non-Tetrahedral Cation Properties on the Structure of Silicate Anions." In Structural Chemistry of Silicates. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-50076-3_10.

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Kim, Ik-Dong, Yeunghak Lee, and Jae-Chang Shim. "An Automated Facial Pose Estimation Using Surface Curvature and Tetrahedral Structure of a Nose." In Advanced Concepts for Intelligent Vision Systems. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11558484_35.

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Zhang, Jing Yao, and Makoto Ohsaki. "Regular Truncated Tetrahedral Structures." In Tensegrity Structures. Springer Japan, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-54813-3_8.

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Hall, Michael B. "Perspective on “The spectra and electronic structure of the tetrahedral ions MnO 4 − , CrO 4 − , and ClO 4 − ”." In Theoretical Chemistry Accounts. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-10421-7_17.

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Parthé, Erwin. "Valence Electron Rules for Compounds with Tetrahedral Structures and Anionic Tetrahedron Complexes." In Modern Perspectives in Inorganic Crystal Chemistry. Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2726-4_10.

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Chu, Y. C., and G. E. Walrafen. "Low-Frequency Raman Spectra from Anhydrous Sulfuric and Chlorosulfonic Acids, and Liquid Water—Disruption of Tetrahedral Hydrogen Bonding—Relation to Water Structure." In Hydrogen Bond Networks. Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8332-9_17.

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Maassarani, Bilal, Jeremy Epps, Kévin Garanger, Mohamad T. Shahab, Obadah Wali, and Eric Feron. "Tetrahedral and Dodecahedral UASs, Structured Designs." In Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Applications: Challenges and Trends. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-32037-8_1.

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Sebens, Charles, and Walt Truszkowski. "Agent Modeling of Tetrahedron-Based Structures." In Innovative Concepts for Autonomic and Agent-Based Systems. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11964995_31.

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Conference papers on the topic "Tetrahedral structure"

1

Yang, Wei, Qiang-Ming Cai, Feng Guo, et al. "A VIE-PEEC Method with Prism and Tetrahedron Mesh for Circuit Parameters Extraction from Complex Packaging Structures." In 2024 Photonics & Electromagnetics Research Symposium (PIERS). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/piers62282.2024.10618761.

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Lage, M., T. Lewiner, H. Lopes, and L. Velho. "CHF: A Scalable Topological Data Structure for Tetrahedral Meshes." In XVIII Brazilian Symposium on Computer Graphics and Image Processing (SIBGRAPI'05). IEEE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sibgrapi.2005.18.

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Cai, Jinhu, and Chunjie Wang. "Optimization of Tetrahedral Lattice Structure under Multiple Loading Conditions." In 2018 10th International Conference on Measuring Technology and Mechatronics Automation (ICMTMA). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmtma.2018.00134.

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Doggett, William R. "Automated assembly of a tetrahedral truss structure using machine vision." In Applications in Optical Science and Engineering, edited by Jon D. Erickson. SPIE, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.131698.

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Lemus, R. "Algebraic Methods in molecular structure II: D3h-triatomic and tetrahedral molecules." In The XXX Latin American school of physics ELAF: Group theory and its applications. AIP, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.50222.

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CHAGNON-LESSARD, S., P. E. GARRETT, J. C. BANGAY, et al. "STRUCTURE OF 152Sm VIA DEUTERON INELASTIC SCATTERING TO PROBE THE TETRAHEDRAL SYMMETRY." In Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Symposium. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814383646_0087.

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Shimkevich, Alexander L. "Tetrahedral-Chain-Cluster Model for Thermodynamic Description of Fluids." In 16th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone16-48566.

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The topological structure of density fluctuations of the condensed matter in different aggregative states (liquid, crystal, and amorphous body) is represented as instant densely packed fours of atoms as tetrahedrons connected in pairs by faces in Bernal’s n-chains. Tetrahedral clusters of the dense part of the matter are investigated within the framework of matrix algebra: the “genetic” structure of Bernal’s n-chains is decoded; for calculating the partition function and configuration entropy of the isotropic matter, the number of distinguishable tetrahedral chains is determined as a function of the number of tetrahedrons in them.
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Gao, Y.-M., P. Wu, R. Kershaw, K. Dwight, and A. Wold. "Preparation Of Compounds With The Tetrahedral Structure Which Transmit In The Far Infrared." In SPIE 1989 Technical Symposium on Aerospace Sensing, edited by Paul Klocek. SPIE, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.960769.

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Lu, Xinchun, Hui Wang, Chenhui Zhang, and Jianbin Luo. "Structure and Tribological Properties of Ultra-Thin Tetrahedral Amorphous Carbon (ta-C) Films." In ASME 2006 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2006-14412.

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Ultra-thin tetrahedral amorphous carbon (ta-C) films were deposited by the filtered cathodic vacuum arc (FCVA) technique. The thickness, structure, and topography of the films were studied by various analysis methods, such as auger electron spectroscopy (AES) depth profile, high resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM), Raman spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy (AFM). A tribometer was used to investigate the tribological properties of the ta-C films. The results indicate that ta-C film with thickness less than 2 nm can be obtained by the FCVA technique. As the film thickness increases the relative intensity ratio ID/IG decreases, which means that sp3 bond in the films increases. The oxide layer cleaning procedure of silicon substrate before deposition influences the growth mode and surface roughness of the films. The ultra-thin ta-C film has the lowest friction coefficient of 0.19 and excellent anti-wear properties.
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Jahandari, Hormoz, and Colin Farquharson. "3D minimum-structure inversion of magnetotelluric data using the finite-element method and tetrahedral grids." In SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2016. Society of Exploration Geophysicists, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/segam2016-13866304.1.

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Reports on the topic "Tetrahedral structure"

1

Hart, M. Boson Fermion Nucleus And Previous Research On Alpha Clustering And Tetrahedral Structure In The Nucleus: Monograph #9. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1773250.

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Ansari, S. M., E. M. Schetselaar, and J. A. Craven. Three-dimensional magnetotelluric modelling of the Lalor volcanogenic massive-sulfide deposit, Manitoba. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/328003.

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Unconstrained magnetotelluric inversion commonly produces insufficient inherent resolution to image ore-system fluid pathways that were structurally thinned during post-emplacement tectonic activity. To improve the resolution in these complex environments, we synthesized the 3-D magnetotelluric (MT) response for geologically realistic models using a finite-element-based forward-modelling tool with unstructured meshes and applied it to the Lalor volcanogenic massive-sulfide deposit in the Snow Lake mining camp, Manitoba. This new tool is based on mapping interpolated or simulated resistivity values from wireline logs onto unstructured tetrahedral meshes to reflect, with the help of 3-D models obtained from lithostratigraphic and lithofacies drillhole logs, the complexity of the host-rock geological structure. The resulting stochastic model provides a more realistic representation of the heterogeneous spatial distribution of the electric resistivity values around the massive, stringer, and disseminated sulfide ore zones. Both models were combined into one seamless tetrahedral mesh of the resistivity field. To capture the complex resistivity distribution in the geophysical forward model, a finite-element code was developed. Comparative analyses of the forward models with MT data acquired at the Earth's surface show a reasonable agreement that explains the regional variations associated with the host rock geological structure and detects the local anomalies associated with the MT response of the ore zones.
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Leland, Robert W. Comparative Study of Hexahedral and Tetrahedral Elements for Non-linear Structural Analysis. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1331497.

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Trahan, Corey, Jing-Ru Cheng, and Amanda Hines. ERDC-PT : a multidimensional particle tracking model. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/48057.

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This report describes the technical engine details of the particle- and species-tracking software ERDC-PT. The development of ERDC-PT leveraged a legacy ERDC tracking model, “PT123,” developed by a civil works basic research project titled “Efficient Resolution of Complex Transport Phenomena Using Eulerian-Lagrangian Techniques” and in part by the System-Wide Water Resources Program. Given hydrodynamic velocities, ERDC-PT can track thousands of massless particles on 2D and 3D unstructured or converted structured meshes through distributed processing. At the time of this report, ERDC-PT supports triangular elements in 2D and tetrahedral elements in 3D. First-, second-, and fourth-order Runge-Kutta time integration methods are included in ERDC-PT to solve the ordinary differential equations describing the motion of particles. An element-by-element tracking algorithm is used for efficient particle tracking over the mesh. ERDC-PT tracks particles along the closed and free surface boundaries by velocity projection and stops tracking when a particle encounters the open boundary. In addition to passive particles, ERDC-PT can transport behavioral species, such as oyster larvae. This report is the first report of the series describing the technical details of the tracking engine. It details the governing equation and numerical approaching associated with ERDC-PT Version 1.0 contents.
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