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Journal articles on the topic 'Tetraploid'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Jan, C. C., J. M. Chandler, and S. A. Wagner. "Induced tetraploidy and trisomic production of Helianthus annuus L." Genome 30, no. 5 (1988): 647–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g88-109.

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Seedlings of the Helianthus annuus inbred lines P21 and HA89 were treated with colchicine to study chromosome doubling. Frequency of tetraploids, meiotic chromosome pairing, pollen stainability, and fertility were examined. Five-hour colchicines treatments at 0.15%, pH 5.4, with 2% dimethyl sulfoxide resulted in tetraploid sectors on 42% of P21 and 11% of HA89 plants. Tetraploids had larger disk florets and larger pollen grains. Otherwise, tetraploid plants were morphologically similar to their diploid progenitors. Tetraploidy in P21 was not stable, with plants having 2n = 4x = 65 to 70 chromo

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2

Othmani, Ahmed, Amel Sellemi, Monia Jemni, Karim Kadri, Leen Leus, and Stefaan P. O. Werbrouck. "In Vitro Initiation, Regeneration, and Characterization of Plants Derived from Mature Tetraploid Floral Explants of Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.)." Horticulturae 10, no. 11 (2024): 1206. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10111206.

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A stable tetraploid date palm mutant with the potential for increased fruit size was recovered from a sectorial di-tetraploid chimera via the in vitro culture of flower explants. Callus was induced using 2,4-D, followed by shoot regeneration on a medium containing NAA and BAP and rooting with IBA. Regenerated plantlets, confirmed as tetraploid via flow cytometry, were acclimatized and grown for six years. The leaves of tetraploids exhibited significantly wider petiole bases, thicker rachis and spines, broader leaflets, and a more intense green leaf color compared to diploids. However, leaf len

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3

Weber, Gregory M., Mark A. Hostuttler, Kenneth J. Semmens, and Brian A. Beers. "Induction and viability of tetraploids in brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis)." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 72, no. 10 (2015): 1443–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2014-0536.

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Brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) populations are threatened by introduction of invasive species, habitat loss, and habitat degradation in their native range and are a problem invasive species in western Unites States and Canada and in Europe. Stocking sterile triploids has been promoted as an approach to reduce negative effects of stocking of brook trout for recreational fishing on native fish populations. Crossing a tetraploid with a diploid is a method of triploid production that may help hatcheries meet demand. We induced tetraploidy in brook trout by application of 633 kg·cm−2 of hydros

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4

Panopoulos, Andreas, Cristina Pacios-Bras, Justin Choi, et al. "Failure of cell cleavage induces senescence in tetraploid primary cells." Molecular Biology of the Cell 25, no. 20 (2014): 3105–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e14-03-0844.

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Tetraploidy can arise from various mitotic or cleavage defects in mammalian cells, and inheritance of multiple centrosomes induces aneuploidy when tetraploid cells continue to cycle. Arrest of the tetraploid cell cycle is therefore potentially a critical cellular control. We report here that primary rat embryo fibroblasts (REF52) and human foreskin fibroblasts become senescent in tetraploid G1 after drug- or small interfering RNA (siRNA)-induced failure of cell cleavage. In contrast, T-antigen–transformed REF52 and p53+/+ HCT116 tumor cells rapidly become aneuploid by continuing to cycle after

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5

Bothmer, Roland von, Jan Flink, and Tomas Landström. "Meiosis in interspecific Hordeum hybrids. IV. Tetraploid (4x × 4x) hybrids." Genome 30, no. 4 (1988): 479–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g88-080.

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The meiotic pairing behaviour of 31 interspecific combinations of tetraploid Hordeum species are reported. The autoploid H. bulbosum with the II genomic constitution has no homology to the other species. The constitution of tetraploid H. murinum is not clear, but it is not homologous to other tetraploids. Hordeum marinum is a probable autoploid (XX) but with a very strong genetic regulation of pairing. The X genome is possibly found in H. secalinum and H. capense, both of which also possess the H genome in several diploids. Hordeum fuegianum, H. tetraploidum, H. jubatum, H. brachyantherum, and

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6

Compton, Michael E., D. J. Gray, and G. W. Elmstrom. "150 THE IDENTIFICATION OF TETRAPLOID REGENERANTS FROM COTYLEDONS OF DIPLOID WATERMELON AND THEIR USE IN BREEDING TRIPLOID HYBRIDS." HortScience 29, no. 5 (1994): 450c—450. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.29.5.450c.

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Tetraploid individuals were identified among plants regenerated from cotyledons of diploid watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai] cultured in vitro. Tetraploid and diploid plants were distinguished by counting the number of chloroplast per guard cell pair. The mean number of chloroplasts was 19 and 11 for tetraploid and diploid plants, respectively. Self-fertile tetraploids were obtained from the diploid cultivars Mickylee, Jubilee II and Royal Sweet. `Dixielee' and `Minilee' tetraploids failed to set fruit. Progeny obtained from self-fertile tetraploids were crossed with

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7

SMITH, K. F., R. J. SIMPSON, R. A. CULVENOR, M. O. HUMPHREYS, M. P. PRUD'HOMME, and R. N. ORAM. "The effects of ploidy and a phenotype conferring a high water-soluble carbohydrate concentration on carbohydrate accumulation, nutritive value and morphology of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.)." Journal of Agricultural Science 136, no. 1 (2001): 65–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600008480.

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Tetraploidy or the use of diploid genotypes with genes conferring high water-soluble carbohydrate concentrations are two mechanisms to increase the nutritive value of perennial ryegrass. This experiment compared the morphology, nutritive value and diurnal variation in water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC) concentrations of 56-day-old plants from six perennial ryegrass cultivars grown under controlled environment conditions. Three of these cultivars were diploid (Melle, Aurora and Cariad) and three were tetraploids (Meltra, Prospero and AberOnyx) which had been derived from the respective diploid cu

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8

Hassan, Jahidul, Ikuo Miyajima, Yukio Ozaki, Yuki Mizunoe, Kaori Sakai, and Wasimullah Zaland. "Tetraploid Induction by Colchicine Treatment and Crossing with a Diploid Reveals Less-Seeded Fruit Production in Pointed Gourd (Trichosanthes dioica Roxb.)." Plants 9, no. 3 (2020): 370. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9030370.

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Pointed gourd (Trichosanthes dioica Roxb.) (2n = 2x = 22) is a dioecious cucurbit vegetable and green fruit that is edible after cooking. Consumers prefer to consume seedless or less-seeded fruit because seeds are unpalatable due to their hard coats. Therefore, the cross compatibility between the diploid and induced tetraploid will be helpful for seedless or less-seeded fruit production. Thus, the present study was conducted using mature seeds that were immersed in 0.05%, 0.1%, and 0.5% colchicine for 24, 48, and 72 h to induce tetraploids. These tetraploids were used as parents (male or femal

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9

Mahony, MJ, SC Donnellan, and JD Roberts. "An Electrophoretic Investigation of Relationships of Diploid and Tetraploid Species of Australian Desert Frogs Neobatrachus (Anura: Myobatrachidae)." Australian Journal of Zoology 44, no. 6 (1996): 639. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo9960639.

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Allozyme electrophoresis of 27 loci was used to characterise genetic variation among 29 populations of six diploid species of the myobatrachid frog genus Neobatrachus. All six species are well differentiated genetically with the percentage of fixed differences between species ranging from 11 to 59%. The genetic data are in agreement with the currently accepted species boundaries. The four tetraploid species were examined for 25 of the 27 loci assayed in the diploid species. In contrast to the diploid species, the tetraploid species shared electromorphs with each other at all the loci examined.

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10

de Sousa, Joana Teixeira, Standish K. Allen, Brittany M. Wolfe, and Jessica Moss Small. "Mitotic instability in triploid and tetraploid one-year-old eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica, assessed by cytogenetic and flow cytometry techniques." Genome 61, no. 2 (2018): 79–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/gen-2017-0173.

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For commercial oyster aquaculture, triploidy has significant advantages. To produce triploids, the principal technology uses diploid × tetraploid crosses. The development of tetraploid brood stock for this purpose has been successful, but as more is understood about tetraploids, it seems clear that chromosome instability is a principal feature in oysters. This paper is a continuation of work to investigate chromosome instability in polyploid Crassostrea virginica. We established families between tetraploids—apparently stable (non-mosaic) and unstable (mosaic)—and normal reference diploids, cre

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11

Muthoni, Jane, Hussein Shimelis, and Rob Melis. "Production of hybrid potatoes: Are heterozygosity and ploidy levels important?" Australian Journal of Crop Science, no. 13(05) 2019 (May 20, 2019): 687–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.19.13.05.p1280.

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It has been proposed that maximizing heterosis for yield in potato may be achieved by maximizing heterozygosity and associated intra and interlocus interactions. Tetraploids offer more opportunities to create such interactions than diploids hence the general observations that tetraploids are higher yielding than diploids. Consequently, efforts have been made to increase heterozygosity in tetraploids by introgressing allelic diversity from other Solanum species into cultivated potato. However, conventional potato breeding is difficult because the cultivated potato is an autotetraploid with tetr

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12

Vittoria, Marc A., Elizabeth M. Shenk, Kevin P. O’Rourke, et al. "A genome-wide microRNA screen identifies regulators of tetraploid cell proliferation." Molecular Biology of the Cell 29, no. 14 (2018): 1682–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e18-02-0141.

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Tetraploid cells, which are most commonly generated by errors in cell division, are genomically unstable and have been shown to promote tumorigenesis. Recent genomic studies have estimated that ∼40% of all solid tumors have undergone a genome-doubling event during their evolution, suggesting a significant role for tetraploidy in driving the development of human cancers. To safeguard against the deleterious effects of tetraploidy, nontransformed cells that fail mitosis and become tetraploid activate both the Hippo and p53 tumor suppressor pathways to restrain further proliferation. Tetraploid c

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13

Rustidja, Rustidja. "ANALISA JUMLAH KROMOSOM IKAN MAS KOKI (Carrasius auratus) TETRAPLOID YANG DIHASILKAN DENGAN METODE KEJUTAN PANAS." Jurnal Perikanan Universitas Gadjah Mada 6, no. 1 (2004): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jfs.9037.

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The objectives of research was to analyses the chromosome numbers of tetraploid goldfish (Carassius auratus) produced by heat shocking method. The tetraploidy was carried out 29 minutes after fertilization of eggs by heat shocking for 1.5 minutes at 400C.The chromosome number was analyzed with the modus of chromosomes.The results indicated that 1) the diploid control of goldfish has 100.28% + 0.0982 chromosom with modus numbers of 100, and the tetraploid goldfish has 199.94 + 0.982 chromosomes with number of modus at 200. 2) The effectiveness of the heat shocking method in goldfish for tetrapl

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14

Kim, Hyung-Eun, Jong-Eun Han, Hyoshin Lee, et al. "Tetraploidization Increases the Contents of Functional Metabolites in Cnidium officinale." Agronomy 11, no. 8 (2021): 1561. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11081561.

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Cnidium officinale is an important medicinal crop grown in Asia for its pharmacological properties. In this study, tetraploid breeding was conducted to increases the content of medicinal compound and tolerance to the environmental conditions using in vitro shoot culture of C. officinale. For this, we generated tetraploid C. officinale plants using oryzalin, a chromosome doubling agent, and compared the morphological traits, cytological characteristics, and heat stress-responsive gene expression levels between tetraploid and diploid genotypes. Chromosome doubling efficiency was the highest in p

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15

Mori, Shiro, Masaki Yahata, Ayano Kuwahara, et al. "Morphological Characterization of Tetraploids of Limonium sinuatum (L.) Mill. Produced by Oryzalin Treatment of Seeds." Horticulturae 7, no. 8 (2021): 248. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae7080248.

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Limonium sinuatum (L.) Mill. (2n = 2x = 16) is a popular ornamental plant with dimorphism of pollen grains (type A and type B) and stigmas (papilla and cob-like). We applied polyploidy breeding to this species in order to introduce desirable traits. Tetraploid and mixoploid L. sinuatum plants were successfully obtained with oryzalin treatment of L. sinuatum ‘Early Blue’ seeds. All three tetraploids had increased leaf width, stomatal size, flower length, and pollen width compared to those of the diploid, and tetraploids had four germinal pores of pollen grains, whereas the diploid had three. Al

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16

Wu, Lixia, Yuxin Ren, Xuefang Wang, Yuntong Zhang, and Jun Wang. "The Slow Growth of Adventitious Roots in Tetraploid Hybrid Poplar (Populus simonii × P. nigra var. italica) May Be Caused by Endogenous Hormone-Mediated Meristem Shortening." Plants 13, no. 11 (2024): 1430. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants13111430.

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Polyploidization produces abundant phenotypic variation. Little is currently known about adventitious root (AR) development variation due to polyploidization. In this study, we analyzed the morphological, cytological, and physiological variations in AR development between tetraploid and diploid Populus plants during in vitro rooting culture. Compared to the diploids, the AR formation times and rooting rates of the tetraploids’ stem explants had non-significant changes. However, the tetraploid ARs exhibited significantly slower elongation growth than the diploid ARs. Cytological observation sho

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17

Sudo, Miki, Kiichi Yasuda, Masaki Yahata, et al. "Morphological Characteristics, Fruit Qualities and Evaluation of Reproductive Functions in Autotetraploid Satsuma Mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marcow.)." Agronomy 11, no. 12 (2021): 2441. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11122441.

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The morphological characteristics and fruit quality of an autotetraploid plant selected from nucellar seedlings of Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marcow.) were investigated. Additionally, in order to evaluate the reproductive potential of male and female gametes of the tetraploid Satsuma mandarin, reciprocal crosses with diploid cultivars were also carried out. The tetraploid had significantly thick and round leaves, as compared to those of the diploid Satsuma mandarin. The sizes of the flowers and pollen grains of the tetraploid were significantly larger than those of the diploid. Pollen fer

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18

Zhang, Xingping, and Billy B. Rhodes. "A TISSUE CULTURE APPROACH FOR DEVELOPING TETRAPLOID WATERMELONS." HortScience 31, no. 5 (1996): 747b—747. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.31.5.747b.

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Tetraploids are needed to synthesize triploid watermelons, which produce “seedless” fruit with improved quality. Traditionally, the tetraploids are induced by applying colchicine to the growing apex of seedlings or soaking the seeds with colchicine solution. This method often produces low frequency of tetraploids and high frequency of chimeras. Breeding tetraploids takes much longer time than breeding diploids because of the low female fertility. We developed a tissue culture approach that allows breeders to develop desirable tetraploids with commercially acceptable volume of seed in 2 years.

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19

Adabiyah, Rifatul, Diah Ratnadewi, Tri Muji Ermayanti, Erwin Al Hafiizh, and Elsa May Susanti. "Morphological and Anatomical Comparison between Tetraploid Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) Bertoni and its Parental Diploid." HAYATI Journal of Biosciences 30, no. 2 (2022): 321–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4308/hjb.30.2.321-335.

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Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) Bertoni is a perennial herbaceous plant that produces natural low glycemic-index sweeteners alternative to sugar cane. The genetic improvement of Stevia needs to be investigated to increase its productivity. Although this plant has a narrow genetic diversity, genetic improvement through polyploidization may succeed. Meanwhile, genotypic characters of tetraploid Stevia were previously reported. This study then observed the phenotypic characters of the tetraploid plants, which aimed to evaluate the morphological and anatomical characteristics of tetraploid Stevia clon

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20

Sakhanokho, Hamidou F., and M. Nurul Islam-Faridi. "Spontaneous Autotetraploidy and Its Impact on Morphological Traits and Pollen Viability in Solanum aethiopicum." HortScience 49, no. 8 (2014): 997–1002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.49.8.997.

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We report for the first time the incidence of spontaneous autotetraploidy in Solanum aethiopicum (PI 636107). Stomatal dimensions and frequency, number of chloroplasts per guard cell, flow cytometry, and chromosome counts were used to differentiate the diploid plants from tetraploids. The impact of increased ploidy on pollen viability as assessed by in vitro germination and on selected morphological traits was evaluated. In vitro pollen germination was reduced in tetraploid plants, but no significant differences were found in fruit production per plant between diploid and tetraploid plants. Co

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21

Benabdelmouna, Abdellah, and Christophe Ledu. "Autotetraploid Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas) obtained using normal diploid eggs: induction and impact on cytogenetic stability." Genome 58, no. 7 (2015): 333–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/gen-2015-0014.

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We describe two methods of producing viable and fertile autotetraploid Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas Thunberg) based on the use of normal-sized oocytes produced by normal diploid females. Our methods showed that the oocyte size is not a limiting factor for the success of the induction to autotetraploidy. These methods offer means of direct introgression of genetic progress from elite diploid lines to tetraploids used as broodstock, avoiding a triploid step with the risk of transferring undesirable traits from highly fecund triploids. High variability in the level of cytogenetic stability w

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Norden, Elliot H., Paul M. Lyrene, and Jose X. Chaparro. "Ploidy, Fertility, and Phenotypes of F1 Hybrids between Tetraploid Highbush Blueberry Cultivars and Diploid Vaccinium elliottii." HortScience 55, no. 3 (2020): 281–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci14597-19.

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A progeny of 55 blueberry seedlings produced by pollinating 4301 flowers of tetraploid highbush blueberry cultivars with pollen from 19 different diploid Vaccinium elliottii plants was studied to determine hybridity and ploidy. Of the 21 seedlings whose phenotypes were intermediate between parental types, indicating hybridity, 18 were triploid and three were tetraploid. Pollen of the triploids, when viewed at ×250, was almost all shrunken and aborted, although some triploid hybrids produced a few large, plump microspores in dyads or monads. Triploids produced no seed when pollinated with polle

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23

Chen, Li-ping, Yan-ju Wang, and Man Zhao. "In vitro Induction and Characterization of Tetraploid Lychnis senno Siebold et Zucc." HortScience 41, no. 3 (2006): 759–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.41.3.759.

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In this study, in vitro induction of tetraploid Lychnis senno Siebold et Zucc. and its cytological and morphological characterization were conducted. For polyploid induction, nodal segments with axillary buds from in vitro grown plants were kept for 3 days in MS (Murashige and Skoog, 1962) liquid or solid media added with a series of concentrations of colchicine. Out of total 588 recovered plants, 15 tetraploids and 6 mixoploids determined by flow cytometry analysis were obtained. The tetraploid contained 48 chromosomes, twice the normal diploid number of 24, as observed under light microscope

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Zhang, Runan, Shupei Rao, Yuchang Wang, Yingzhi Qin, Ken Qin, and Jinhuan Chen. "Chromosome Doubling Enhances Biomass and Carotenoid Content in Lycium chinense." Plants 13, no. 3 (2024): 439. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants13030439.

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Lycium chinense, a type of medicinal and edible plant, is rich in bioactive compounds beneficial to human health. In order to meet the market requirements for the yield and quality of L. chinense, polyploid induction is usually an effective way to increase plant biomass and improve the content of bioactive components. This study established the most effective tetraploid induction protocol by assessing various preculture durations, colchicine concentrations, and exposure times. The peak tetraploid induction efficacy, 18.2%, was achieved with a 12-day preculture and 24-h exposure to 50 mg L–1 co

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25

Charpentier, A., M. Feldman, and Y. Cauderon. "Genetic control of meiotic chromosome pairing in tetraploid Agropyron elongatum. I. Pattern of pairing in natural and induced tetraploids and in F1 triploid hybrids." Canadian Journal of Genetics and Cytology 28, no. 5 (1986): 783–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g86-110.

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Meiotic chromosome pairing was studied in natural and induced tetraploid Agropyron elongatum, as well as in triploid hybrids between natural tetraploid and diploid cytotypes. The natural tetraploids showed a highly regular, diploid-like pairing, while the induced ones showed an average of two to three multivalents per cell. A high level of pairing was exhibited by the triploid hybrids, 4.15 bivalents and 2.82 trivalents per cell, supporting the assumption that the natural tetraploid is of an autoploid origin. Frequencies of meiotic configurations of the induced tetraploid and of the F1 triploi

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Dabkevičienė, Giedrė, Vilma Kemešytė, Gražina Statkevičiūtė, Nijolė Lemežienė, and Gintaras Brazauskas. "Autopolyploids in fodder grass breeding: induction and field performance." Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research 15, no. 4 (2018): e0706. http://dx.doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2017154-11357.

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Doubling of chromosome set directly affects plant performance through increase of organ size, higher feeding value and increased resistance to adverse environmental factors. Therefore efficient methods of polyploid induction are needed in order to develop new varieties of naturally diploid fodder grass species. The efficiency of antimitotic agents as colchicine, amiprophos-methyl, trifluralin and oryzalin was compared in a series of tetraploid induction experiments in Lolium multiflorum, L. perenne and Festuca pratensis, while newly developed tetraploid plants were compared to standard tetrapl

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27

Fetouh, Mohammed I., Abdul Kareem, Gary W. Knox, Sandra B. Wilson, and Zhanao Deng. "Induction, Identification, and Characterization of Tetraploids in Japanese Privet (Ligustrum japonicum)." HortScience 51, no. 11 (2016): 1371–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci11138-16.

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A number of privet species (Ligustrum spp.) that are important to the nursery and landscape industry have escaped cultivation and become invasive or weedy in the United States and other countries. Induced tetraploids in these species may produce new selections or cultivars with reduced or eliminated invasive potential. Applying drops of semisolid agar containing 0.1% to 0.3% colchicine and 0.2% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) to newly emerged seedlings of japanese privet (Ligustrum japonicum Thunb.) resulted in 15.6% to 22.6% tetraploid induction. The nuclear DNA content of tetraploids was 5.31 pg/2

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Correia, Sandra, Ana Braga, João Martins, Barbara Correia, Glória Pinto, and Jorge Canhoto. "Effects of Polyploidy on Physiological Performance of Acclimatized Solanum betaceum Cav. Plants under Water Deficit." Forests 14, no. 2 (2023): 208. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f14020208.

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The urgent need to identify stress-tolerant genotypes and understand their inherent genetic plasticity is one of the major targets of research and breeding programs. Species that are cultivated in areas that are prone to drought need to be able to tolerate water stress (WS) while still displaying features that are economically valuable. Tamarillo (Solanum betaceum) is a solanaceous fruit crop with increasing agronomic interest due to the nutritional properties of its edible fruits and its biotechnological potential. Several protocols have been established for the in vitro culture of this speci

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Hu, Qianni, and Genlou Sun. "Phylogenetic analysis of two single-copy nuclear genes revealed origin and complex relationships of polyploid species of Hordeum in Triticeae (Poaceae)." Genome 60, no. 6 (2017): 518–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/gen-2016-0179.

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Two single-copy nuclear genes, the second largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (RPB2) and thioredoxin-like gene (HTL), were used to explore the phylogeny and origin of polyploid species in Hordeum. Our results were partly in accord with previous studies, but disclosed additional complexity. Both RPB2 and HTL trees confirmed the presence of Xa genome in H. capense and H. secalinum, and that H. depressum originated from H. californicum together with other American diploids, either H. intercedens or H. pusillum. American diploids solely contributed to the origin of H. depressum. The Asian diploid

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Wang, Kang, Linchi He, Honglang Yan, and Xiaoyun Wei. "Induction of tetraploidity with antimicrotubule agents in oriental melon (Cucumis melo var. Makuwa)." Israel Journal of Plant Sciences 62, no. 3 (2015): 198–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07929978.2015.1067411.

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Polyploidy induction is an important method for the innovation of germplasm resources because polyploid plants have superior characteristics to diploid ones. In this paper, oriental melon (Cucumis melovar. makuwa) tetraploids were induced by treating the apical meristem of seedlings with oryzalin, amiprophos-methyl (APM) and colchicine. The results showed that each of these three antimicrotubule agents could induce the formation of tetraploid oriental melon, but oryzalin and APM showed higher efficiencies of tetraploid induction. The efficiencies of tetraploid induction were highest (14.44%) w

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Baldwin, Sarah J., and Brian C. Husband. "Genome duplication and the evolution of conspecific pollen precedence." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 278, no. 1714 (2010): 2011–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2010.2208.

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Conspecific pollen precedence can be a strong reproductive barrier between polyploid and diploid species, but the role of genome multiplication in the evolution of this barrier has not been investigated. Here, we examine the direct effect of genome duplication on the evolution of pollen siring success in tetraploid Chamerion angustifolium . To separate the effects of genome duplication from selection after duplication, we compared pollen siring success of synthesized tetraploids (neotetraploids) with that of naturally occurring tetraploids by applying 2 x , 4 x (neo or established) or 2 x + 4

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32

Galofré, Claudia, Öykü Gönül Geyik, Elena Asensio, et al. "Tetraploidy-Associated Genetic Heterogeneity Confers Chemo-Radiotherapy Resistance to Colorectal Cancer Cells." Cancers 12, no. 5 (2020): 1118. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers12051118.

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Tetraploidy, or whole-genome duplication, is a common phenomenon in cancer and preludes chromosome instability, which strongly correlates with disease progression, metastasis, and treatment failure. Therefore, it is reasonable to hypothesize that tetraploidization confers multidrug resistance. Nevertheless, the contribution of whole-genome duplication to chemo-radiotherapy resistance remains unclear. Here, using isogenic diploid and near-tetraploid clones from three colorectal cancer cell lines and one non-transformed human epithelial cell line, we show a consistent growth impairment but a div

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Wang, Wei, Qiang Tu, Rongrong Chen, et al. "Polyploidization Increases the Lipid Content and Improves the Nutritional Quality of Rice." Plants 11, no. 1 (2022): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11010132.

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Plant polyploidization is frequently associated with changes in nutrient contents. However, the possible contribution of metabolites to this change has not been investigated by characterizing the metabolite contents of diploid and tetraploid forms of rice (Oryza sativa L.). We compared the metabolites of a group of diploid–tetraploid japonica brown rice and a group of diploid–tetraploid indica brown rice based on liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. In total, 401 metabolites were identified; of these, between the two diploid–tetraploid groups, 180 showed opposite expression trends,

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Mohammadi, Mohsen, Behzad Kaviani, and Shahram Sedaghathoor. "In vivo polyploidy induction of Phalaenopsis amabilis in a bubble bioreactor system using colchicine." Ornamental Horticulture 27, no. 2 (2021): 204–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2447-536x.v27i2.2275.

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Abstract Phalaenopsis amabilis Blume var. grandiflora Bateman is economically important as cut and pot flower. Polyploidy is considered as a valuable tool in improvement and evolution of ornamental plants. Protocorm-like bodies (PLBs) of P. amabilis were cultured on Murashige and Skoog medium containing 0.20 mg L-1 IBA together with 2.00 mg L-1 KIN and 1.00 g L-1 activated charcoal and grown for a period of five months. Fully-developed plantlets from in vitro grown PLBs were immersed in a bubble reactor filled with half-strength Hoagland solution containing the antimitotic agent colchicine (0.

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Jenkins, G., J. White, and J. S. Parker. "Elimination of multivalents during meiotic prophase in Scilla autumnalis. II. Tetraploid." Genome 30, no. 6 (1988): 940–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g88-150.

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The pairing behaviour of chromosomes during meiotic prophase in two Scilla autumnalis tetraploids was investigated by observing synaptonemal complexes from serial sections and whole-mount surface spreads. In one of the tetraploids with the genomic constitution AAB7B7 pairing at first metaphase of meiosis is restricted to homologous chromosomes and only bivalents appear. In the second tetraploid, AB7B7B7, some multivalents are found at first metaphase, but most of the configurations are bivalent. The bivalents, however, result from chiasma formation between homoeologous as well as homologous ch

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Montgomery, Sarah M., Brandi Karisch, Jane A. Parish, Jesse Morrison, and Brian Baldwin. "57 Effects of Diploid and Tetraploid Annual Ryegrass Cultivars on Cattle Performance, Herbage Mass, and Nutritive Value." Journal of Animal Science 98, Supplement_2 (2020): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz397.044.

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Abstract Annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) can be divided into two cytotypes: diploid (2n = 2x) and tetraploid (2n = 4x). Polyploid versions of a given plant species result in increased seedling vigor, more robust growth and, potentially, greater yield. While most data suggest no difference in yield between diploid and tetraploid cultivars, there is still potential for weight gain advantages thanks to increased non-structural carbohydrates in tetraploid cells. The objectives of this study were to compare weight gain of cattle grazing either diploid or tetraploid cultivars of annual rye

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Montgomery, Sarah M., Brandi Karisch, Jane A. Parish, Jesse Morrison, and Brian Baldwin. "58 Effects of Diploid and Tetraploid Annual Ryegrass Cultivars on Cattle Performance, Herbage Mass, and Nutritive Value." Journal of Animal Science 98, Supplement_2 (2020): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz397.066.

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Abstract Annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) can be divided into two cytotypes: diploid (2n = 2x) and tetraploid (2n = 4x). Polyploid versions of a given plant species result in increased seedling vigor, more robust growth and, potentially, greater yield. While most data suggest no difference in yield between diploid and tetraploid cultivars, there is still potential for weight gain advantages thanks to increased non-structural carbohydrates in tetraploid cells. The objectives of this study were to compare weight gain of cattle grazing either diploid or tetraploid cultivars of annual rye

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Syvertsen, J. P., J. W. Grosser, and L. S. Lee. "590 Growth and Physiological Characteristics of Diploid and Tetraploid Citrus Rootstock Seedlings Grown at Elevated CO2." HortScience 34, no. 3 (1999): 548D—548. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.34.3.548d.

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We grew three diploid (2X) Citrus rootstock seedlings and their autotetraploids (4X) at elevated CO2 to obtain insights into limitations on growth and net gas exchange that have been associated with tetraploidy. Well-nourished Volkamer lemon (Volk), Troyer citrange (Troy), and Cleopatra mandarin (Cleo) were grown in greenhouses at ambient or twice ambient CO2 for 3 months. We measured plant growth, water relations, mineral nutrition, and net gas exchange characteristics of leaves. Overall, tetraploid roots were thicker as 4X had lower root length: dry weight ratio or specific root length (SRL)

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Compton, Michael E., J. W. Harris, and D. J. Gray. "A Simple Method for Estimating Ploidy of in Vitro Watermelon Plantlets." HortScience 30, no. 4 (1995): 752B—752. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.4.752b.

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Ploidy of in vitro watermelon plantlets was estimated by painting the lower epidermis of leaves with fluorescein diacetate (FDA) and observing fluorescence of guard cell chloroplasts with a microscope and UV light. Leaves from shoot-tip cultures of known diploid and tetraploid cultivars were used to establish the mean number of chloroplasts per guard cell pair for in vitro plantlets. Leaves from diploid and tetraploid plantlets had 9.7 and 17.8 chloroplasts per guard cell pair, respectively. This method was used to estimate ploidy of shoots regenerated from cotyledon explants of the diploid cu

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Li, Meiya, Bin Ding, Weipeng Huang, Jieli Pan, Zhishan Ding, and Fusheng Jiang. "Induction and Characterization of Tetraploids from Seeds of Bletilla striata (Thunb.) Reichb.f." BioMed Research International 2018 (2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/3246398.

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Bletilla striata (Thunb.), an ornamental and medicinal plant, is on the list of endangered plants in China. Its pseudobulb is abundant in polysaccharide and has been used for centuries as a herbal remedy. However, a recent rise in demand has placed it at risk of extinction, and therefore, research on its propagation and genetic improvement is essential. Since polyploids tend to possess advantageous qualities, we incubated B. striata seeds with colchicine with the aim of creating tetraploid plantlets. Aseptic seeds treated with 0.1% colchicine for 7 days showed the highest tetraploid induction

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Moncada, Pilar, and Susan McCouch. "Simple sequence repeat diversity in diploid and tetraploid Coffea species." Genome 47, no. 3 (2004): 501–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g03-129.

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Thirty-four fluorescently labeled microsatellite markers were used to assess genetic diversity in a set of 30 Coffea accessions from the CENICAFE germplasm bank in Colombia. The plant material included one sample per accession of seven East African accessions representing five diploid species and 23 wild and cultivated tetraploid accessions of Coffea arabica from Africa, Indonesia, and South America. More allelic diversity was detected among the five diploid species than among the 23 tetraploid genotypes. The diploid species averaged 3.6 alleles/locus and had an average polymorphism informatio

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Longui, Eduardo Luiz, Guilherme Henrique Custódio, Erick Phelipe Amorim, Francides Gomes da Silva Júnior, Shinitiro Oda, and Izabel Christina Gava Souza. "Differences in wood properties among Eucalyptus grandis and Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla with different degrees of ploidy." Research, Society and Development 10, no. 16 (2021): e395101624035. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i16.24035.

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We compared the anatomy, density, chemical contents, and bioenergy values of Eucalyptus grandis and hybrids of Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla wood originating from diploids, triploids and tetraploids. We hypothesize that Eucalyptus grandis and hybrids of Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla with different degrees of ploidy have variations as a result of different sets of chromosomes producing different phenotypic expressions and chemical constituents, such as variation in cell size and frequency, which would directly influence wood quality. Twenty-year-old trees were cut, eight

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de Sousa, Joana Teixeira, Standish K. Allen, Haley Baker, and Joseph L. Matt. "Aneuploid progeny of the American oyster, Crassostrea virginica, produced by tetraploid × diploid crosses: another example of chromosome instability in polyploid oysters." Genome 59, no. 5 (2016): 327–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/gen-2015-0222.

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The commercial production of triploids, and the creation of tetraploid broodstock to support it, has become an important technique in aquaculture of the eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica. Tetraploids are produced by cytogenetic manipulation of embryos and have been shown to undergo chromosome loss (to become a mosaic) with unknown consequences for breeding. Our objective was to determine the extent of aneuploidy in triploid progeny produced from both mosaic and non-mosaic tetraploids. Six families of triploids were produced using a single diploid female and crossed with three mosaic and no

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Smith, Tyler W., Charlotte Walinga, Song Wang, Paul Kron, Jan Suda, and Juan Zalapa. "Evaluating the relationship between diploid and tetraploid Vaccinium oxycoccos (Ericaceae) in eastern Canada." Botany 93, no. 10 (2015): 623–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjb-2014-0223.

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Vaccinium oxycoccos s.l. is a complex of diploid and polyploid plants. The taxonomic relationship between the cytotypes is uncertain, with conflicting treatments in recent revisions. To clarify this situation, we investigated the relationships among ploidy, morphology, and genetic diversity in this group. We collected samples from a 1000 km transect in eastern Canada. We used flow cytometry to determine DNA ploidy, completed a morphometric analysis of flowering stems, and assessed genetic diversity using AFLPs. Diploids only occurred growing in mixed populations with tetraploids. There were st

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James, Roberta M., Matthew H. Kaufman, Sheila Webb, and John D. West. "Electrofusion of mouse embryos results in uniform tetraploidy and not tetraploid/diploid mosaicism." Genetical Research 60, no. 3 (1992): 185–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016672300030937.

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SummarySome previous attempts to produce tetraploids experimentally have resulted in a proportion of treated embryos becoming 2n/4n mosaics at a frequency which may be as high as 20%, when using cytochalasin B as a fusigenic stimulus and cytogenetic techniques to identify putative tetraploid embryos. To investigate the possible occurrence of 4n/2n mosaicism, tetraploid embryos were produced by electrofusion, a process which allows adjacent blastomeres at the 2-cell stage to fuse following exposure to electric field pulses. Embryos used for electrofusion were hemizygous for a transgene consisti

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Velguth, Peter H., and Harold Pellett. "Use of Flow Cytometric Measurement of Nuclear DNA Content to Assess Ploidy Level in Azalea." HortScience 31, no. 4 (1996): 627b—627. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.31.4.627b.

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We evaluated flow cytometric measurement of nuclear DNA content to determine ploidy level in azalea. If ploidy level correlates with DNA content, ploidy level could be determined more readily than by direct chromosome counts and assist in planning crosses and evaluating progeny. Tested plants included azalea cultivars, materials from the azalea breeding project at the Univ. of Minnesota, and species from the Rhododendron Species Botanic Garden and the North Carolina Arboretum. Data compiled from DNA assays of practically all material analyzed fell into distinct groups consistent with their bei

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Liatukas, Žilvinas, and Jovita Bukauskaitė. "Differences in Yield of Diploid and Tetraploid Red Clover in Lithuania." Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. Section B. Natural, Exact, and Applied Sciences 66, no. 4-5 (2012): 163–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10046-012-0023-y.

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The research was carried out in 2003-2011 at the Institute of Agriculture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry. The fresh forage, dry matter (DM) and seed yields of red clover diploid and tetraploid populations and cultivars were determined. In total 58 diploids and 35 tetraploids were evaluated during four cycles in the study period. The average DM yield of diploids was 16.6 t ha -1 and of tetraploids was 17.8 t ha -1 . The tetraploid average DM yield surpassed that of diploids by only 6.5%. The seed yield was very low over the period. The average seed yield of diploids wa

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48

Fu, Jingjing, Enshuo Zhang, Wensong Yu, et al. "Comparative Analysis of the Biochemical Composition, Amino Acid, and Fatty Acid Contents of Diploid, Triploid, and Tetraploid Crassostrea gigas." Molecules 29, no. 11 (2024): 2671. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules29112671.

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Tetraploid oysters are artificially produced oysters that do not exist in nature. The successful breeding of 100% triploid oysters resolved the difficulties of traditional drug-induced triploids, such as the presence of drug residues and a low triploid induction rate. However, little is known concerning the biochemical composition and nutrient contents of such tetraploids. Therefore, we investigated compositional differences among diploid, triploid, and tetraploid Crassostrea gigas as well as between males and females of diploids and tetraploids. The findings indicated that glycogen, EPA, ∑PUF

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Adelberg, J., and J. Chen. "Environmental and Genetic Factors Affects Frequency of Tetraploid Regenerants from Immature Cotyledons of Melon." HortScience 33, no. 3 (1998): 534a—534. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.33.3.534a.

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Immature cotyledons of three inbred melon genotypes, Cucumis melo L., and all hybrid cross-combinations were placed for a 1-week treatment on liquid/membrane system prior to 5-week regeneration culture on a MS medium containing 10 μM benzyladenine. Moving plants from agar to liquid/membrane culture system altered the frequency of tetraploid regenerants. The frequency of tetraploidy was also effected by sucrose level during the 1-week liquid treatment. The most stressful conditions, those where the least regenerants were found, had the highest number frequency of tetraploidy. Genotypic variatio

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Adelberg, Jeffrey, B. B. Rhodes, and Halina Skorupska. "GENERATING TETRAPLOID MELONS FROM TISSUE CULTURE." HortScience 25, no. 9 (1990): 1073c—1073. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.25.9.1073c.

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Watermelon (Citrullus Lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum and Nakai) and muskmelon (Cucumis melo) were regenerated from immature cotyledons cultured on MS medium containing 10 μM BA. Small population of watermelon and muskmelon regenerants contained tetraploids as variants. The tetraploid individuals were recognized by morphological features including enlarged leaves, tendrils, male flowers, and variable pollen grains. After self-pollination, seed lots reflected differences in size expected from tetraploid parents.. Cytological data from root tips of R1 populations will be presented.

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