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Journal articles on the topic 'Tetrapodomorpha'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 4 February 2022

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1

LEBEDEV, Oleg A., and Gaël CLÉMENT. "New tetrapodomorph vertebrates from the Yam-Tesovo locality (Amata Regional Stage, Middle–Upper Devonian) of Leningrad Region, northwestern Russia." Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 109, no. 1-2 (2018): 61–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1755691018000907.

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ABSTRACTEach piece of data is valuable for unearthing the earliest history of tetrapod origin. Despite frequently incomplete preservation, each skeletal element provides important information on the morphology, phylogeny and faunistic diversity of early tetrapodomorphs. We describe here new and earlier collected material from the fossil vertebrate site Yam-Tesovo on the Oredezh River (Leningrad Region, northwestern Russia) in the deposits of the Yam-Tesovo Formation within the Amata Regional Stage (?lowermost Frasnian, Upper Devonian). Upon similarity of their dermal ornamentation, two mandibular fragments are suggested to belong to the new tetrapodomorph taxon Rubrognathuskuleshovi n. gen. et sp. This species demonstrates a general ‘elpistostegalian' morphological pattern with some early tetrapod characters. The new taxon is characterised by an almost closed intercoronoid fossa, a prearticular that is strongly convex in section and bearing small teeth along its dorsal margin, low vertical coronoid laminae and coronoid fangs that enter the coronoid tooth row. The mandibular canal runs partly in open groove or opens to the surface by a row of large pores. The dermal ornament consists of a network of small ridges forming tubercles in the nodes. The postfrontal assigned to Tetrapodomorpha shows a ‘tetrapod-like' pits-and-ridges sculpturing and a supraorbital ridge characteristic of early tetrapods as well as ‘elpistostegalians'. Its long posterolateral bone margin demonstrates a lateral projection similar to that in Tiktaalik and unknown in other ‘elpistostegalians' and early tetrapods. An unusually flattened vomer is doubtfully related to the tetrapodomorph genus Livoniana Ahlberg, Lukševičs & Mark-Kurik, 2000, based upon characteristic multiple tooth rows. Teeth in rows decrease labially and show no clearly enlarged fang pairs. New finds of the last two decades present the earliest records of some tetrapod characters in non-limbed tetrapodomorphs. This challenges previous hypotheses on the origin of tetrapods.
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2

Johanson, Z., and A. Ritchie. "Rhipidistians (Sarcopterygii) from the Hunter Siltstone (Late Famennian) near Grenfell, NSW, Australia." Fossil Record 3, no. 1 (2000): 111–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/fr-3-111-2000.

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Rhipidistian sarcopterygian fishes (Dipnomorpha + Tetrapodomorpha) are well represented in the upper levels of the Hunter Siltstone (latest Famennian) near Grenfell. New South Wales (NSW), Australia. Taxa comprise two porolepiforms (known primarily from scales, including the widely distributed <i>Holoptychius</i>), the basal rhipidistian taxon <i>Grenfellia meemannae</i> n. gen. and n. sp. and two tetrapodomorphs (<i>Eusthenodon gavini</i> n. sp. and <i>Yambira thomsoni</i> n. gen. and n. sp., both known from skull bones and scales). Biogeographic relationships of the Hunter Siltstone fauna are based on the presence of the placoderm group Sinolepidoidei, shared with Late Devonian faunas from the North and South China terranes. Rhipidistian scales have been described from the latter in association with Late Devonian sinolepids (<i>Sinolepis</i>), but these do not display close taxonomic affinity to scales described from Grenfell. Other Upper Devonian NSW localities show strong faunal similarity to Euramerican localities; <i>Holoptychius</i> occurs in certain of these and at Grenfell, but has not been recorded from <i>Sinolepis</i>-bearing units on the North and South China terranes. These considerations further contradict suggestions that Asian terranes acted as a dispersal route between Gondwana and Euramerica in the Late Devonian. <br><br> Rhipidistiide Sarcopterygier (Dipnomorpha + Tetrapodomorpha) sind in den obersten Schichten des Hunter Siltstone (oberstes Famennium) bei Grenfell, New South Wales (NSW), Australien, stark vertreten. Es handelt sich um zwei Porolepiforme (vertreten hauptsächlich als Schuppen, darunter die weit verbreitete Gattung <i>Holoptychius</i>), der primitive Rhipidistier <i>Grenfellia meemannae</i> n. gen. et n. sp. und zwei Tetrapodomorphe (<i>Eusthenodon gavini</i> n. sp. und <i>Yambira thomsoni</i> n. gen. et n. sp., beide vertreten durch Schädelknochen und Schuppen). Biogeographische Beziehungen der Hunter Siltstone-Fauna sind auf der Anwesenheit von sinolepidoiden Placodermen, die in oberdevonischen Faunen der nord- und südchinesischen Terranes auftreten, begründet. Rhipidistier-Schuppen sind zusammen mit oberdevonischen Sinolepiden (<i>Sinolepis</i>) von den chinesischen Terranes beschrieben worden, aber diese zeigen keine nahe taxonomische Übereinstimmung mit den Schuppen von Grenfell. Andere oberdevonische Lokalitäten von NSW zeigen deutliche Ähnlichkeiten in der faunistischen Zusammensetzung mit euramerikanischen Lokalitäten: <i>Holotychius</i> tritt dort und in Grenfell auf, aber ist nicht von Schichten in nord-und südchinesischen Terranes, die <i>Sinolepis</i> enthalten, beschrieben worden. Auch diese Vergleiche widersprechen Vorstellungen, dass die asiatischen Terranes im Oberdevon als Verbreitungsweg zwischen Gondwana und Euramerika dienten. <br><br> doi:<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mmng.20000030107" target="_blank">10.1002/mmng.20000030107</a>
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3

Johanson, Zerina, and Per E. Ahlberg. "Devonian rhizodontids and tristichopterids (Sarcopterygii; Tetrapodomorpha) from East Gondwana." Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth Sciences 92, no. 1 (2001): 43–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263593300000043.

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ABSTRACTDevonian rhizodontid fishes from East Gondwana include Gooloogongia loomesi Johanson & Ahlberg 1998 from near Canowindra, New South Wales (NSW), Australia and Aztecia mahalae gen. nov., sp. nov. from southern Victoria Land, Antarctica. Gooloogongia loomesi is known from well-preserved cranial and postcranial material, and as such represents the most complete rhizodont known. Newly discovered elements (braincase, pelvic girdle) are described for the first time. Aztecia mahalae gen. nov., sp. nov. is based on shoulder girdle material formerly assigned to Notorhizodon Young et al. 1992, which, based on skull and lower jaw morphology, is a member of the Tristichopteridae. The presence of several plesiomorphic characters suggests that Gooloogongia occupies a basal phylogenetic position within the Rhizodontida, while Aztecia n. gen. possesses a more derived shoulder girdle. We argue that the Rhizodontida evolved on the Gondwanan landmass. Notorhizodon occupies a relatively derived position within the Tristichopteridae, but is contemporary with the earliest and phylogenetically most basal Laurussian members of the group. This shows that the tristichopterids achieved a worldwide distribution considerably earlier than previously thought.
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4

Johanson, Zerina, Jonathan Jeffery, Tom Challands, Stephanie E. Pierce, and Jennifer A. Clack. "A New Look at Carboniferous Rhizodontid Humeri (Sarcopterygii; Tetrapodomorpha)." Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 40, no. 3 (2020): e1813150. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2020.1813150.

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5

Holland, Timothy, and John A. Long. "On the phylogenetic position ofGogonasus andrewsae Long 1985, within the Tetrapodomorpha." Acta Zoologica 90 (May 2009): 285–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-6395.2008.00377.x.

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6

Clement, Gael. "Large Tristichopteridae (Sarcopterygii, Tetrapodomorpha) from the Late Famennian Evieux Formation of Belgium." Palaeontology 45, no. 3 (2002): 577–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1475-4983.00250.

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7

CLEMENT, GAËL, DANIEL SNITTING, and PER ERIK AHLBERG. "A NEW TRISTICHOPTERID (SARCOPTERYGII, TETRAPODOMORPHA) FROM THE UPPER FAMENNIAN EVIEUX FORMATION (UPPER DEVONIAN) OF BELGIUM." Palaeontology 52, no. 4 (2009): 823–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4983.2009.00876.x.

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8

Snitting, Daniel. "A redescription of the anatomy of the Late DevonianSpodichthys buetleriJarvik, 1985 (Sarcopterygii, Tetrapodomorpha) from East Greenland." Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 28, no. 3 (2008): 637–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1671/0272-4634(2008)28[637:arotao]2.0.co;2.

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9

Parfitt, Matthew, Zerina Johanson, Sam Giles, and Matt Friedman. "A large, anatomically primitive tristichopterid (Sarcopterygii: Tetrapodomorpha) from the Late Devonian (Frasnian) Alves Beds, Upper Old Red Sandstone, Moray, Scotland." Scottish Journal of Geology 50, no. 1 (2014): 79–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/sjg2013-013.

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10

Olive, Sébastien, Yann Leroy, Edward B. Daeschler, Jason P. Downs, Sandrine Ladevèze, and Gaël Clément. "Tristichopterids (Sarcopterygii, Tetrapodomorpha) from the Upper Devonian tetrapod-bearing locality of Strud (Belgium, upper Famennian), with phylogenetic and paleobiogeographic considerations." Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 40, no. 1 (2020): e1768105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2020.1768105.

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11

Chahud, Artur, and Setembrino Petri. "Geology and taphonomy of the base of the Taquaral Member, Irati Formation (Permian, Paraná Basin), Brazil." Acta Geologica Polonica 65, no. 3 (2015): 379–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/agp-2015-0017.

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AbstractThe taphonomy of Early Permian vertebrates from a sandy facies at the base of the Taquaral Member, Irati Formation, was surveyed in order to acquire data for the interpretation of the sedimentary processes and paleoenvironment of deposition. Six outcrops from the Rio Claro municipality and surrounding areas, from the Brazilian State of São Paulo, were investigated. The vertebrate groups are Chondrichthyes (Xenacanthiformes, Ctenacanthiformes and Petalodontiformes), Osteichthyes (Actinopterygii and Sarcopterygii) and Tetrapodomorpha. They occur as loose teeth, scales, spines and bone remains. The sandy facies is characterized by fining upward deposition. The coarser sandstone immediately above the underlying Tatuí Formation is rich in Chondrichthyes. However, the fine sandstone above, immediately beneath the silty shale facies, is devoid of Chondrichthyes, though Osteichthyes scales, teeth and bones were present. The taphonomy is important for inferring sedimentary processes and then the paleoenvironments. The poor sorting of the sandstone and the presence of fossils that are mostly abraded or worn are indicative of a high energy environment. In contrast, the presence of fossils in a good state of preservation, some without abrasion and breakages are indicative of only limited transport. Differences of fossil spatial density, numbers of specimens and taxa may be explained by the dynamics of deposition, from details of the palaeoenvironment can be obtained.
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12

Brazeau, Martin D. "A new genus of rhizodontid (Sarcopterygii, Tetrapodomorpha) from the Lower Carboniferous Horton Bluff Formation of Nova Scotia, and the evolution of the lower jaws in this group." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 42, no. 8 (2005): 1481–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e05-041.

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Letognathus gen. nov. is described from the Lower Carboniferous (Tournaisian) Horton Bluff Formation. Included in this genus is the species Letognathus hardingi (Dawson 1868), which was originally assigned toRhizodus and later toStrepsodus, but it is distinct from these genera in tooth morphology and the presence of several more primitive rhizodontid characters. By contrast with these latter more derived genera, the parasymphysial plate contacts the first coronoid; the first coronoid bears a row of lingually deflected teeth, the tooth striations occur around the entire circumference of the crown and are much finer and less regular than those ofStrepsodus, and marginal tooth row reaches anteriorly to the dentary symphysis. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that rhizodontid jaws primitively bear symphysial tusks; slender recumbent teeth; an anterior projection of the dentary over the anteromesial depression for the median symphysial plate and shows the highly derived jaws ofStrepsodus andRhizodus evolved within the Rhizodontida, rather than as primitive characters for the group. This new jaw material supports earlier models of mandibular kinesis and shows that the coronoid fangs were oriented such as to facilitate kinesis. Rhizodontid jaw evolution seems to be marked by parallelisms with tristichopterids and early tetrapods.
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13

Garner, Paul, and Jonathan Asher. "Baraminological analysis of Devonian and Carboniferous tetrapodomorphs." Proceedings of the International Conference on Creationism 8, no. 1 (2018): 458–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.15385/jpicc.2018.8.1.36.

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14

Neenan, James M., Marcello Ruta, Jennifer A. Clack, and Emily J. Rayfield. "Feeding biomechanics in Acanthostega and across the fish–tetrapod transition." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 281, no. 1781 (2014): 20132689. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2013.2689.

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Acanthostega is one of the earliest and most primitive limbed vertebrates. Its numerous fish-like features indicate a primarily aquatic lifestyle, yet cranial suture morphology suggests that its skull is more similar to those of terrestrial taxa. Here, we apply geometric morphometrics and two-dimensional finite-element analysis to the lower jaws of Acanthostega and 22 other tetrapodomorph taxa in order to quantify morphological and functional changes across the fish–tetrapod transition. The jaw of Acanthostega is similar to that of certain tetrapodomorph fish and transitional Devonian taxa both morphologically (as indicated by its proximity to those taxa in morphospace) and functionally (as indicated by the distribution of stress values and relative magnitude of bite force). Our results suggest a slow tempo of morphological and biomechanical changes in the transition from Devonian tetrapod jaws to aquatic/semi-aquatic Carboniferous tetrapod jaws. We conclude that Acanthostega retained a primitively aquatic lifestyle and did not possess cranial adaptations for terrestrial feeding.
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15

Pierce, S. E., J. R. Hutchinson, and J. A. Clack. "Historical Perspectives on the Evolution of Tetrapodomorph Movement." Integrative and Comparative Biology 53, no. 2 (2013): 209–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icb/ict022.

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16

Holland, Timothy, John Long, and Daniel Snitting. "New information on the enigmatic tetrapodomorph fishMarsdenichthys longioccipitus(Long, 1985)." Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 30, no. 1 (2010): 68–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02724630903409105.

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17

Gardner, Jacob D., Kevin Surya, and Chris L. Organ. "Early tetrapodomorph biogeography: Controlling for fossil record bias in macroevolutionary analyses." Comptes Rendus Palevol 18, no. 7 (2019): 699–709. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.crpv.2019.10.008.

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18

Davesne, Donald, Jorge Mondéjar-Fernández, Vachik Hairapetian, Martin Rücklin, Jobst Wendt, and Gaël Clément. "A new large tetrapodomorph sarcopterygian from the Late Devonian of Iran." Paläontologische Zeitschrift 89, no. 3 (2015): 661–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12542-015-0255-7.

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19

Holland, Timothy. "Pectoral girdle and fin anatomy ofGogonasus andrewsaelong, 1985: Implications for tetrapodomorph limb evolution." Journal of Morphology 274, no. 2 (2012): 147–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.20078.

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20

LONG, John A., Alice M. CLEMENT, and Brian CHOO. "New insights into the origins and radiation of the mid-Palaeozoic Gondwanan stem tetrapods." Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 109, no. 1-2 (2018): 139–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1755691018000750.

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ABSTRACTThe earliest tetrapodomorph fishes appear in Chinese deposits of Early Devonian age, and by the Middle Devonian they were widespread globally. Evidence for the earliest digitated tetrapods comes from largely uncontested Middle Devonian trackways and Late Devonian body fossils. The East Gondwana Provence (Australasia, Antarctica) fills vital gaps in the phylogenetic and biogeographic history of the tetrapods, with the Gondwanan clade Canowindididae exhibiting a high degree of endemism within the early part of the stem tetrapod radiation. New anatomical details of Koharalepis, from the Middle Devonian Aztec Siltstone of Antarctica, are elucidated from synchrotron scan data. These include the position of the orbit, the condition of the hyomandibular, the shape of the palate and arrangement of the vomerine fangs. Biogeographical and phylogenetic models of stem tetrapod origins and radiations are discussed.
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21

Holland, Timothy. "The endocranial anatomy of Gogonasus andrewsae Long, 1985 revealed through micro CT-scanning." Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 105, no. 1 (2014): 9–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1755691014000164.

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ABSTRACTMicro computed tomography has revealed as yet undescribed internal braincase anatomy of the tetrapodomorph fish Gogonasus andrewsae from the Frasnian Gogo Formation, Paddy's Valley, Kimberley Region, Western Australia. The complete material, including the cranial cavities and channels for blood vessels and nerves, reveals several notable features inside the endocranium. The ethmosphenoid unit includes a median capsule, which lies underneath the median postrostral and rostral series. Based on innervation and association with cutaneous vessels, potential electroreceptive function is inferred for this capsule. Several regions of poor ossification, including foramina for the glossopharyngeal and abducens nerves, as well as the apparent suture separating the ethmoid from the sphenoid portions of the braincase, are possibly indicative of early ontogenetic features. Former interpretations of the course for the superficial ophthalmic nerve inside the nasal capsule of Osteolepis and Gyroptychius may be incorrect, with new research supporting a path through the nasal septum, as in Gogonasus.
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22

Smithson, Timothy R., and Jennifer A. Clack. "A new tetrapod from Romer's Gap reveals an early adaptation for walking." Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 108, no. 1 (2017): 89–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1755691018000075.

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ABSTRACTA new early tetrapod, Mesanerpeton woodi gen. et sp. nov., collected by Stan Wood from the Ballagan Formation, Tournaisian CM palynozone, at Willie's Hole, Scottish Borders, is described. It includes vertebrae like those of Crassigyrinus, with poorly developed neural arches, a well ossified ulna with a large olecranon, and a humerus that is structurally intermediate between the pleisiomorphic condition of Devonian taxa and that of all later forms. A comparative analysis of this new material and other tetrapodomorph humeri revealed how an increase in humeral torsion transformed the course of the brachial artery and median nerve through the bone, from an entirely ventral path to one in which the blood vessel and nerve passed through the entepicondyle from the dorsal to the ventral surface. Increasing humeral torsion is suggested to improve walking in early tetrapods by potentially contributing to an increase in stride length, and is one of a number of changes to limb morphology during the Early Carboniferous that led to the development of terrestrial locomotion.
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23

Johanson, Zerina, Per Ahlberg, and Alex Ritchie. "The braincase and palate of the tetrapodomorph sarcopterygian mandageria fairfaxi: morphological variability near the fish-tetrapod transition." Palaeontology 46, no. 2 (2003): 271–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1475-4983.00298.

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24

Holland, Timothy. "Owensia chooi: a new tetrapodomorph fish from the Middle Devonian of the South Blue Range, Victoria, Australia." Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology 33, no. 4 (2009): 339–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03115510903270977.

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25

Young, Ben, Robert L. Dunstone, Timothy J. Senden, and Gavin C. Young. "A Gigantic Sarcopterygian (Tetrapodomorph Lobe-Finned Fish) from the Upper Devonian of Gondwana (Eden, New South Wales, Australia)." PLoS ONE 8, no. 3 (2013): e53871. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0053871.

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26

Lebedev, Oleg A., and Ervins Lukševičs. "Glyptopomus bystrowi (Gross, 1941), an “osteolepidid” tetrapodomorph from the Upper Famennian (Upper Devonian) of Latvia and Central Russia." Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments 97, no. 3 (2016): 615–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12549-016-0249-9.

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27

Long, John A., and Kate M. Trinajstic. "A review of recent discoveries of exceptionally preserved fossil fishes from the Gogo sites (Late Devonian, Western Australia)." Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 108, no. 1 (2017): 111–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1755691018000178.

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ABSTRACTSignificant new material of Late Devonian Gogo Formation fish fossils is still surfacing. Collecting in the past decade has uncovered the first Gogo shark fossils (Gogoselachusplus another new undescribed taxon), the first acanthodian (Halmacanthodes ahlbergi), the first coelacanth, as well as the first placoderm embryos. Recent studies have elucidated the nature of placoderm claspers, pelvic girdles, synarcuals and embryos, the structure of their teeth, a description of well-preserved muscles in placoderms, and how muscles attach to bones. Molecular biomarkers have also been identified in Gogo fossils. There are now five basal ray-fin fishes in the fauna, including one undescribed new taxon. The lungfish fauna from Gogo is the most diverse known for any Devonian site, with 10 genera and 12 species. The dermal skeleton and endocast of the dipteridRhinodipterus kimberleyensishave been described in detail from CT scans; and the ontogenetic stages of neurocranium formation inGriphognathus. New specimens of the tetrapodomorph fishGogonasus andrewsaehave shed further light on its endocranium, pectoral girdle and fin. Through their exceptional preservation of both hard and varied kinds of soft tissues, the Gogo fishes remain crucial for resolving key debates on the diversification, physiology, biomechanics and phylogenetic relationships of early gnathostomes.
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Balbus, Steven A. "Dynamical, biological and anthropic consequences of equal lunar and solar angular radii." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 470, no. 2168 (2014): 20140263. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2014.0263.

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The nearly equal lunar and solar angular sizes as subtended at the Earth is generally regarded as a coincidence. This is, however, an incidental consequence of the tidal forces from these bodies being comparable. Comparable magnitudes implies strong temporal modulation, as the forcing frequencies are nearly but not precisely equal. We suggest that on the basis of palaeogeographic reconstructions, in the Devonian period, when the first tetrapods appeared on land, a large tidal range would accompany these modulated tides. This would have been conducive to the formation of a network of isolated tidal pools, lending support to A. S. Romer's classic idea that the evaporation of shallow pools was an evolutionary impetus for the development of chiridian limbs in aquatic tetrapodomorphs. Romer saw this as the reason for the existence of limbs, but strong selection pressure for terrestrial navigation would have been present even if the limbs were aquatic in origin. Since even a modest difference in the Moon's angular size relative to the Sun's would lead to a qualitatively different tidal modulation, the fact that we live on a planet with a Sun and Moon of close apparent size is not entirely coincidental: it may have an anthropic basis.
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Clement, Alice M., and John A. Long. "Air-breathing adaptation in a marine Devonian lungfish." Biology Letters 6, no. 4 (2010): 509–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2009.1033.

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Recent discoveries of tetrapod trackways in 395 Myr old tidal zone deposits of Poland (Niedźwiedzki et al . 2010 Nature 463 , 43–48 ( doi:10.1038/nature.08623 )) indicate that vertebrates had already ventured out of the water and might already have developed some air-breathing capacity by the Middle Devonian. Air-breathing in lungfishes is not considered to be a shared specialization with tetrapods, but evolved independently. Air-breathing in lungfishes has been postulated as starting in Middle Devonian times ( ca 385 Ma) in freshwater habitats, based on a set of skeletal characters involved in air-breathing in extant lungfishes. New discoveries described herein of the lungfish Rhinodipterus from marine limestones of Australia identifies the node in dipnoan phylogeny where air-breathing begins, and confirms that lungfishes living in marine habitats had also developed specializations to breathe air by the start of the Late Devonian ( ca 375 Ma). While invasion of freshwater habitats from the marine realm was previously suggested to be the prime cause of aerial respiration developing in lungfishes, we believe that global decline in oxygen levels during the Middle Devonian combined with higher metabolic costs is a more likely driver of air-breathing ability, which developed in both marine and freshwater lungfishes and tetrapodomorph fishes such as Gogonasus .
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30

Hu, Yu-Zhi, Gavin C. Young, and Jing Lu. "The Upper Devonian tetrapodomorph Gogonasus andrewsae from Western Australia: Reconstruction of the shoulder girdle and opercular series using X-ray Micro-Computed Tomography." Palaeoworld 28, no. 4 (2019): 535–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.palwor.2019.07.008.

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31

BROUSSARD, DAVID R., CAYLA J. TREASTER, JEFFREY M. TROP, et al. "VERTEBRATE TAPHONOMY, PALEONTOLOGY, SEDIMENTOLOGY, AND PALYNOLOGY OF A FOSSILIFEROUS LATE DEVONIAN FLUVIAL SUCCESSION, CATSKILL FORMATION, NORTH-CENTRAL PENNSYLVANIA, USA." PALAIOS 35, no. 11 (2020): 470–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2110/palo.2020.005.

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ABSTRACT The fluvial facies of the Catskill Formation record important ecological events that occurred during Late Devonian time. A well-exposed section between the towns of Blossburg and Covington, in north-central Pennsylvania, contains abundant macrofossils and sedimentary features, making it well-suited for linking Upper Devonian fossil occurrences with depositional environments and sedimentary processes. Strata consist of two distinct fluvial facies: floodplain lithofacies consist of mudrocks, with evidence of pedogenic overprinting and sharp-based sandstones interpreted as crevasse splays; channel-bar lithofacies consist of single- and multi-storied cross-stratified lenticular sandstone bodies interpreted as fluvial channel-bar complexes. Macrofossils occur in 22 discrete horizons spanning > 240 m of stratigraphic succession that include Archanodon bivalve shell impressions, two genera of “placoderms” (Bothriolepis, Phyllolepis), an unidentified acanthodian, and several taxa of sarcopterygian fishes, including lungfish (Dipnoi indet.), Holoptychius, Langlieria, and Sauripterus. Most vertebrate macrofossils are preserved as disarticulated, abraded plates, scales, and bone fragments in sandstone channel-bar deposits. Articulated, unabraded remains are preserved in proximal floodplain deposits. Miospores recovered from Catskill Formation fossil sites in the Blossburg-Covington section belong to the COR subzone of the VCo (Diducites versabilis-Grandispora cornuta) palynological zone, indicating deposition ca. 362 to 361.8 Ma during the late Famennian stage of the Late Devonian. Catskill Formation fluvial strata exposed tens of kilometers to the south and west yield latest Famennian palynomorphs. These broadly contemporaneous continental depositional environments supported Late Devonian vertebrate evolution, including the fin-to-limb transition in tetrapodomorphs, and the possible euryhalinity of vertebrates occupying marine-to-nonmarine transitional habitats.
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32

Stewart, Thomas A., Justin B. Lemberg, Natalia K. Taft, Ihna Yoo, Edward B. Daeschler, and Neil H. Shubin. "Fin ray patterns at the fin-to-limb transition." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 3 (2019): 1612–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1915983117.

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The fin-to-limb transition was marked by the origin of digits and the loss of dermal fin rays. Paleontological research into this transformation has focused on the evolution of the endoskeleton, with little attention paid to fin ray structure and function. To address this knowledge gap, we study the dermal rays of the pectoral fins of 3 key tetrapodomorph taxa—Sauripterus taylori (Rhizodontida), Eusthenopteron foordi (Tristichopteridae), and Tiktaalik roseae (Elpistostegalia)—using computed tomography. These data show several trends in the lineage leading to digited forms, including the consolidation of fin rays (e.g., reduced segmentation and branching), reduction of the fin web, and unexpectedly, the evolution of asymmetry between dorsal and ventral hemitrichia. In Eusthenopteron, dorsal rays cover the preaxial endoskeleton slightly more than ventral rays. In Tiktaalik, dorsal rays fully cover the third and fourth mesomeres, while ventral rays are restricted distal to these elements, suggesting the presence of ventralized musculature at the fin tip analogous to a fleshy “palm.” Asymmetry is also observed in cross-sectional areas of dorsal and ventral rays. Eusthenopteron dorsal rays are slightly larger than ventral rays; by contrast, Tiktaalik dorsal rays can be several times larger than ventral rays, and degree of asymmetry appears to be greater at larger sizes. Analysis of extant osteichthyans suggests that cross-sectional asymmetry in the dermal rays of paired fins is plesiomorphic to crown group osteichthyans. The evolution of dermal rays in crownward stem tetrapods reflects adaptation for a fin-supported elevated posture and resistance to substrate-based loading prior to the origin of digits.
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33

"Devonian rhizodontids and tristichopterids (Sarcopterygii; Tetrapodomorpha) from East Gondwana." Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 92, no. 01 (2001): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263593301000049.

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POUKAROVÁ, Hedvika, and Tomáš WEINER. "The first “osteolepiform” tetrapodomorph (Sarcopterygii) from the Paleozoic sequences of the Moravian Karst (Czech Republic)." Geological Quarterly 60, no. 3 (2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.7306/gq.1301.

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35

Kundrát, Martin. "Earliest migratory cephalic NC cells are potent to differentiate into dental ectomesenchyme of the two lungfish dentitions: tetrapodomorph ancestral condition of unconstrained capability of mesencephalic NC cells to form oral teeth." Science of Nature 108, no. 5 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00114-021-01750-0.

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36

Clement, Alice M., Corinne L. Mensforth, T. J. Challands, Shaun P. Collin, and John A. Long. "Brain Reconstruction Across the Fish-Tetrapod Transition; Insights From Modern Amphibians." Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution 9 (March 19, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2021.640345.

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The fish-tetrapod transition (which incorporates the related fin-limb and water-land transitions) is celebrated as one of the most important junctions in vertebrate evolution. Sarcopterygian fishes (the “lobe-fins”) are today represented by lungfishes and coelacanths, but during the Paleozoic they were much more diverse. It was some of these sarcopterygians, a lineage of the tetrapodomorph fishes, that gave rise to tetrapods (terrestrial vertebrates with limbs bearing digits). This spectacular leap took place during the Devonian Period. Due to the nature of preservation, it is the hard parts of an animal’s body that are most likely to fossilize, while soft tissues such as muscular and brain tissues, typically fail to do so. Thus, our understanding of the adaptations of the hard skeletal structures of vertebrates is considerably greater than that of the soft tissue systems. Fortunately, the braincases of early vertebrates are often ossified and thereby have the potential to provide detailed morphological information. However, the correspondence between brain and endocast (an internal mold of the cavity) has historically been considered poor in most “lower” vertebrates and consequently neglected in such studies of brain evolution. Despite this, recent work documenting the spatial relationship in extant basal sarcopterygians (coelacanth, lungfish, axolotl, and salamander) has highlighted that this is not uniformly the case. Herein, we quantify and illustrate the brain-endocast relationship in four additional extant basal tetrapod exemplars: neobatrachian anurans (frogs) Breviceps poweri and Ceratophrys ornata; and gymnophionans (caecilians) Gegeneophis ramaswamii and Rhinatrema bivittatum. We show that anurans and caecilians appear to have brains that fill their endocasts to a similar degree to that of lungfishes and salamanders, but not coelacanth. Ceratophrys has considerably lower correspondence between the brain and endocast in the olfactory tract and mesencephalic regions, while Breviceps has low correspondence along its ventral endocranial margin. The brains of caecilians reflect their endocasts most closely (vol. ∼70%). The telencephalon is tightly fitted within the endocast in all four taxa. Our findings highlight the need to adequately assess the brain-endocast relationship in a broad range of vertebrates, in order to inform neural reconstructions of fossil taxa using the Extant Phylogenetic Bracket approach and future studies of brain evolution.
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