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Journal articles on the topic 'Tetrels'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 2 February 2022

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1

Hoffmann, Jonas, Thomas Kuczmera, Enno Lork, and Anne Staubitz. "Synthesis, Structure, Thermal Behavior and cis/trans Isomerization of 2,2′-(EMe3)2 (E = C, Si, Ge, Sn) Substituted Azobenzenes." Molecules 24, no. 2 (January 15, 2019): 303. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24020303.

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The synthesis of a series of 2,2′-bis(trimethyltetrel) azobenzenes is reported, evaluating the different synthetic approaches that different group 14 element substituents individually require. The synthetic access to the carbon substituted congener is very different from the heavier tetrels, in that the key step is the formation of the N=N bond in azobenzene, rather than the azobenzene-C bond. Sn could be introduced with a cross-coupling route, whereas the Si and Ge congeners were prepared by a stannylation-lithiation-electrophilic quenching sequence. Iodo-lithium exchange was also a possible route to obtain the dilithiated species, which can be attributed to the chelating effect of the nitrogen atoms. However, the organo-lead species could not be obtained via these routes. The resulting structures were fully characterized (NMR, FTIR, HRMS and XRD). Furthermore, their thermal properties (TGA and DSC) and their photoswitching behavior in solution (UV-VIS & NMR experiments) were investigated and compared for the different tetrels (C, Si, Ge, Sn).

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2

Corley, Johannes, and Roert J. Hurtubise. "Effects of Heavy-Atom Salts on the Luminescence Properties of Tetrol I-1 on α-Cyclodextrin/Salt Matrices." Applied Spectroscopy 48, no. 6 (June 1994): 747–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/000370294774368884.

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Benzo( a)pyrene [B(a)P] is one of the most widely studied polyaromatic hydrocarbons. In the human body and in lower animals, B(a)P can become chemically bonded to DNA. Tetrols are the products obtained from the hydrolysis of B(a)P-DNA adducts. It has been proposed that the amount of tetrols detected in human body fluids can be used as a measure of the amount of B(a)P-DNA adducts present in the body. The effects of several heavy-atom salts on the solid-matrix fluorescence and phosphorescence properties of the tetrols were investigated. TINO3 and TIF were very useful in enhancing the room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) of the tetrols. For tetrol I-1 on 1:1:8 α-cyclodextrin:TlNO3: NaNO3, the limit of detection was 0.38 femtomole/mg. The RTP approach with the 1:1:8 α-cycIodextrin:TlNO3:NaNO3 matrix would be useful for detecting subfemtomole quantities of the tetrols of B(a)P-DNA adducts from biological samples.

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3

Shu, Luchuan, and Robert J. Hurtubise. "Temperature and Gatewidth Dependence of the Solid-Matrix Fluorescence Spectra of Stereoisomeric Tetrols." Applied Spectroscopy 49, no. 3 (March 1995): 367–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702953963472.

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A unique laser-based method was developed for the solid-matrix fluorescence characterization and identification of tetrols, which are the hydrolysis products from benzo[ a]pyrene-DNA adducts. By employing different gatewidths with a boxcar integrator, we obtained the fluorescence spectra of the four tetrol isomers adsorbed on 10% α-cyclodextrin/NaCl at several temperatures. The data showed that the fluorescence spectral characteristics of the tetrols were both gatewidth- and temperature-dependent. The experimental conditions were optimized to identify the tetrols which had only minor structural differences. Applications of the gatewidth-dependence method both at room temperature and low temperature were considered. The low-temperature approach has the potential for the application to several species over a range of fluorescence lifetimes. The differences in the fluorescence spectral properties were partially explained by the rotation of functional groups in the tetrols and the solid matrix during the time frame of obtaining the spectra. Comparisons were made among the solid-matrix fluorescence spectra and the solution fluorescence spectra of the tetrols, and the solution fluorescence spectra of pyrene and the solid-matrix fluorescence spectra of pyrene.

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4

Steinbach, Paul B., and Robert J. Hurtubise. "Fluorescence of Tetrols, Tetrols Complexed with DNA, and Benzo[a]Pyrene-DNA Adducts in Methanol/Water Solutions." Applied Spectroscopy 54, no. 2 (February 2000): 287–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702001949249.

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Several solution fluorescence parameters were acquired for the four tetrol hydrolysis products of benzo[ a]pyrene-trans-7,8-dihydrodiol-9,10-epoxide (BPDE)-DNA adducts, tetrols complexed with DNA, and BPDE-DNA adducts in several methanol/water solvents. The relative polarity of the environment for the tetrols and BPDE-DNA adducts was determined by using a modified definition of the R value that is commonly employed for pyrene. The R values for the tetrols and BPDE-DNA adducts were calculated by obtaining the ratios of the intensities of the two major fluorescence emission bands at 380 and 400 nm ( I380/ I400). The positions of the hydroxyl groups on the hydroaromatic ring of the tetrols were compared in reference to the R values and the changes in the R values as a function of methanol/water composition. This approach resulted in a method for determining whether the hydroxyl groups in the 9 and 10 positions were on the same side or opposite sides of a hydroaromatic ring. The tetrols intercalated between the DNA bases showed quite different fluorescence spectra compared to tetrols not complexed with DNA. Also, the quasi-intercalated BPDE-DNA adducts gave significant changes in the R values with an increase in methanol in the solvent, and excitation spectra showed large shifts and changes in shape with an increase in methanol. The approaches developed provide unique structural and polarity information on tetrols and BPDE-DNA adducts.

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5

Pavanello, Sofia, Nicola Zanesi, and Angelo Gino Levis. "BaP Metabolism and DNA-adduct Formation in Cultured Human Lymphocytes Treated In Vitro with BaP and (-)-BaP-7,8-dihydrodiol." Alternatives to Laboratory Animals 20, no. 1 (January 1992): 126–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026119299202000118.

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Nine samples of human lymphocytes from six healthy subjects were treated in vitro for 24 hours with [3H]-benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) and unlabelled (-)-BaP-7,8-dihydrodiol; 1μg/ml and 0.5μg/ml, respectively. The separation by HPLC of BaP-DNA adducts showed a significant formation of syn-BaPDE-dGuo adducts in five out of the nine human lymphocyte samples treated in vitro with [3H]-BaP. BaP-(7,10/8,9) tetrol and BaP-(7/8,9,10) tetrol derived from (+)-anti-BaPDE were the predominant isomers extracted from the culture medium of all the lymphocyte samples treated with (-)-BaP-7,8-dihydrodiol (mean ratio of anti-BaPDE/syn-BaPDE tetrols 5.6 + 1.2), suggesting that the metabolic activation of (-)-BaP-7,8-dihydrodiol occurred by its epoxidation to (+)-anti-BaPDE much more frequently (4–8 times) than by epoxidation to the (-)-syn-BaPDE form. In contrast to the predominant formation of anti-BaPDE tetrols, the analysis by HPLC of DNA adducts in the five subjects examined also revealed the significant formation of syn-BaPDE-DNA adducts (mean adduct ratio of (+)-anti-/(-)-syn-BaPDE-DNA = 2.6 ± 0.7). In six human lymphocyte samples treated in vitro with anti-BaPDE and syn-BaPDE, the anti-BaPDE bound to DNA 2–5 times more efficiently than did the syn-BaPDE. However, after 24 hours, the level of anti-BaPDE-DNA adducts significantly decreased almost to the level of the syn-BaPDE-DNA adducts, suggesting that a stereoselective repair mechanism could have preferentially removed the anti-BaPDE-DNA adducts.

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6

Kolopajlo, Lawrence Hugh, Nekuma Korey Hollis, and Ian Pendelton. "Kinetics of the Reaction between Ni(tetren)2+and Bipyridine." Journal of Student Research 1, no. 2 (July 14, 2012): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.47611/jsr.v1i2.47.

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We report a rate law, rate constants and a mechanism for the ligand substitution reaction between Ni(tetren)2+ and 2, 2'-bipyridine in aqueous solution at 25.0 0C. The rate law is: R = k [Ni(tetren2+)] [bipy]. The data supports a mechanism involving a hydrogen ion assisted pathway in which a ternary complex is not formed.

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7

Dolmatov, V. Yu, G. K. Burkat, I. V. Safronova, A. Vehanen, V. Myllymäki, V. A. Marchukov, N. S. Almazova, Yu V. Litovka, and I. A. Dyakov. "The Study of Obtaining Composite Nickel Electroplatings with Detonation Nanodiamonds and Diamond Charge." Advanced Materials & Technologies, no. 4(20) (2020): 003–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.17277/amt.2020.04.pp.003-011.

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The paper presents the results of studying the nickel electroplating process in the presence of nanodiamond additives. It shows that the use of detonation nanodiamonds (DND) and diamond explosive charge (DC) obtained by explosion of tetryl (N-methyl-2,4,6-trinitrophenylnitramine) can significantly improve the physicochemical properties of nickel platings: increase the microhardness up to 60 % (up to 448 kgf/mm2 – 4393 MPa), obtain a non-porous nickel plaiting and reduce wear up to 28 times. The most effective was the use of non-expensive nanodiamonds, but cheap diamond charge obtained by the explosion of tetrile.

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8

Dąbrowska-Balcerzak, Karolina, Jadwiga Nartowska, Iwona Wawer, Paweł Siudem, and Katarzyna Paradowska. "Spirostanol Sapogenins and Saponins from Convallaria majalis L. Structural Characterization by 2D NMR, Theoretical GIAO DFT Calculations and Molecular Modeling." Molecules 26, no. 10 (May 18, 2021): 2999. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26102999.

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Two new spirostanol sapogenins (5β-spirost-25(27)-en-1β,2β,3β,5β-tetrol 3 and its 25,27-dihydro derivative, (25S)-spirostan-1β,2β,3β,5β-tetrol 4) and four new saponins were isolated from the roots and rhizomes of Convallaria majalis L. together with known sapogenins (isolated from Liliaceae): 5β-spirost-25(27)-en-1β,3β-diol 1, (25S)-spirostan-1β,3β-diol 2, 5β-spirost-25(27)-en-1β,3β,4β,5β-tetrol 5, (25S)-spirostan-1β,3β,4β,5β-tetrol 6, 5β-spirost-25(27)-en-1β,2β,3β,4β,5β-pentol 7 and (25S)-spirostan-1β,2β,3β,4β,5β-pentol 8. New steroidal saponins were found to be pentahydroxy 5-O-glycosides; 5β-spirost-25(27)-en-1β,2β,3β,4β,5β-pentol 5-O-β-galactopyranoside 9, 5β-spirost-25(27)-en-1β,2β,3β,4β,5β-pentol 5-O-β-arabinonoside 11, 5β-(25S)-spirostan-1β,2β,3β,4β,5β-pentol 5-O-galactoside 10 and 5β-(25S)-spirostan-1β,2β,3β,4β,5β-pentol 5-O-arabinoside 12 were isolated for the first time. The structures of those compounds were determined by NMR spectroscopy, including 2D COSY, HMBC, HSQC, NOESY, ROESY experiments, theoretical calculations of shielding constants by GIAO DFT, and mass spectrometry (FAB/LSI HR MS). An attempt was made to test biological activity, particularly as potential chemotherapeutic agents, using in silico methods. A set of 12 compounds was docked to the PDB structures of HER2 receptor and tubulin. The results indicated that diols have a higher affinity to the analyzed targets than tetrols and pentols. Two compounds (25S)-spirosten-1β,3β-diol 1 and 5β-spirost-25(27)-en-1β,2β,3β,4β,5β-pentol 5-O-galactoside 9 were selected for further evaluation of biological activity.

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9

Sun, Yuan-Wan, Wieslawa Kosinska, and Joseph B. Guttenplan. "E-cigarette Aerosol Condensate Enhances Metabolism of Benzo(a)pyrene to Genotoxic Products, and Induces CYP1A1 and CYP1B1, Likely by Activation of the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 14 (July 11, 2019): 2468. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16142468.

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E-cigarette aerosol contains lower levels of most known carcinogens than tobacco smoke, but many users of e-cigarettes are also smokers, and these individuals may be vulnerable to possible promoting and/or cocarcinogenic effects of e-cigarettes. We investigated the possibility that a condensate of e-cigarette aerosol (EAC) enhances the metabolism of the tobacco carcinogen, benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), to genotoxic products in a human oral keratinocyte cell line. Cells were pretreated with EAC from two popular e-cigs and then with BaP. Metabolism to its ultimate carcinogenic metabolite, anti-7,8-dihydroxy-9,10-epoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro B[a]P (BPDE), was assayed by measuring isomers of its spontaneous hydrolysis products, BaP tetrols. The pretreatment of cells with EAC enhanced the rate of BaP tetrol formation several fold. Pretreatment with the e-liquid resulted in a smaller enhancement. The treatment of cells with EAC induced CYP1A1/1B1 mRNA and protein. The enhancement of BaP tetrol formation was inhibited by the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) inhibitor, α-napthoflavone, indicating EAC likely induces CYP1A1/1B1 and enhances BaP metabolism by activating the AhR. To our knowledge, this is first report demonstrating that e-cigarettes can potentiate the genotoxic effects of a tobacco smoke carcinogen.

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10

Auer, Henry, Robert Schlegel, Oliver Oeckler, and Holger Kohlmann. "Structural and Electronic Flexibility in Hydrides of Zintl Phases with Tetrel-Hydrogen and Tetrel-Tetrel Bonds." Angewandte Chemie International Edition 56, no. 40 (August 25, 2017): 12344–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.201706523.

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11

Auer, Henry, Robert Schlegel, Oliver Oeckler, and Holger Kohlmann. "Strukturelle und elektronische Flexibilität in Hydriden von Zintl-Phasen mit Tetrel-Wasserstoff- und Tetrel-Tetrel-Bindung." Angewandte Chemie 129, no. 40 (August 25, 2017): 12515–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.201706523.

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12

Bauzá, Antonio, Tiddo J. Mooibroek, and Antonio Frontera. "Tetrel Bonding Interactions." Chemical Record 16, no. 1 (January 27, 2016): 473–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/tcr.201500256.

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13

Sethio, Daniel, Vytor Oliveira, and Elfi Kraka. "Quantitative Assessment of Tetrel Bonding Utilizing Vibrational Spectroscopy." Molecules 23, no. 11 (October 25, 2018): 2763. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules23112763.

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A set of 35 representative neutral and charged tetrel complexes was investigated with the objective of finding the factors that influence the strength of tetrel bonding involving single bonded C, Si, and Ge donors and double bonded C or Si donors. For the first time, we introduced an intrinsic bond strength measure for tetrel bonding, derived from calculated vibrational spectroscopy data obtained at the CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVTZ level of theory and used this measure to rationalize and order the tetrel bonds. Our study revealed that the strength of tetrel bonds is affected by several factors, such as the magnitude of the σ-hole in the tetrel atom, the negative electrostatic potential at the lone pair of the tetrel-acceptor, the positive charge at the peripheral hydrogen of the tetrel-donor, the exchange-repulsion between the lone pair orbitals of the peripheral atoms of the tetrel-donor and the heteroatom of the tetrel-acceptor, and the stabilization brought about by electron delocalization. Thus, focusing on just one or two of these factors, in particular, the σ-hole description can only lead to an incomplete picture. Tetrel bonding covers a range of −1.4 to −26 kcal/mol, which can be strengthened by substituting the peripheral ligands with electron-withdrawing substituents and by positively charged tetrel-donors or negatively charged tetrel-acceptors.

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14

Marín-Luna, Marta, Ibon Alkorta, and José Elguero. "Cooperativity in Tetrel Bonds." Journal of Physical Chemistry A 120, no. 4 (January 20, 2016): 648–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpca.5b11876.

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15

Zhang, Yu, Weizhou Wang, and Yi-Bo Wang. "Tetrel bonding on graphene." Computational and Theoretical Chemistry 1147 (January 2019): 8–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.comptc.2018.11.011.

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16

Liu, Mingxiu, Qingzhong Li, Wenzuo Li, and Jianbo Cheng. "Carbene tetrel-bonded complexes." Structural Chemistry 28, no. 3 (December 2, 2016): 823–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11224-016-0890-y.

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17

Esrafili, Mehdi, and Parisasadat Mousavian. "Strong Tetrel Bonds: Theoretical Aspects and Experimental Evidence." Molecules 23, no. 10 (October 15, 2018): 2642. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules23102642.

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In recent years, noncovalent interactions involving group-14 elements of the periodic table acting as a Lewis acid center (or tetrel-bonding interactions) have attracted considerable attention due to their potential applications in supramolecular chemistry, material science and so on. The aim of the present study is to characterize the geometry, strength and bonding properties of strong tetrel-bond interactions in some charge-assisted tetrel-bonded complexes. Ab initio calculations are performed, and the results are supported by the quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) and natural bond orbital (NBO) approaches. The interaction energies of the anionic tetrel-bonded complexes formed between XF3M molecule (X=F, CN; M=Si, Ge and Sn) and A− anions (A−=F−, Cl−, Br−, CN−, NC− and N3−) vary between −16.35 and −96.30 kcal/mol. The M atom in these complexes is generally characterized by pentavalency, i.e., is hypervalent. Moreover, the QTAIM analysis confirms that the anionic tetrel-bonding interaction in these systems could be classified as a strong interaction with some covalent character. On the other hand, it is found that the tetrel-bond interactions in cationic tetrel-bonded [p-NH3(C6H4)MH3]+···Z and [p-NH3(C6F4)MH3]+···Z complexes (M=Si, Ge, Sn and Z=NH3, NH2CH3, NH2OH and NH2NH2) are characterized by a strong orbital interaction between the filled lone-pair orbital of the Lewis base and empty BD*M-C orbital of the Lewis base. The substitution of the F atoms in the benzene ring provides a strong orbital interaction, and hence improved tetrel-bond interaction. For all charge-assisted tetrel-bonded complexes, it is seen that the formation of tetrel-bond interaction is accompanied bysignificant electron density redistribution over the interacting subunits. Finally, we provide some experimental evidence for the existence of such charge-assisted tetrel-bond interactions in crystalline phase.

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18

Solel, Ephrath, and Sebastian Kozuch. "On the Power of Geometry over Tetrel Bonds." Molecules 23, no. 11 (October 24, 2018): 2742. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules23112742.

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Tetrel bonds are noncovalent interactions formed by tetrel atoms (as σ-hole carriers) with a Lewis base. Here, we present a computational and molecular orbital study on the effect of the geometry of the substituents around the tetrel atom on the σ-hole and on the binding strengths. We show that changing the angles between substituents can dramatically increase bond strength. In addition, our findings suggest that the established Sn > Ge > Si order of binding strength can be changed in sufficiently distorted molecules due to the enhancement of the charge transfer component, making silicon the strongest tetrel donor.

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19

Scheiner, Steve. "Steric Crowding in Tetrel Bonds." Journal of Physical Chemistry A 122, no. 9 (February 21, 2018): 2550–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpca.7b12357.

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20

Manzano, Richard A., Anthony F. Hill, and Rosemary L. Georgelin. "Tetrel and pnictogen functionalised propargylidynes." Chemical Communications 56, no. 93 (2020): 14597–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0cc06196d.

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21

Grabarz, Anna, Mariusz Michalczyk, Wiktor Zierkiewicz, and Steve Scheiner. "Noncovalent Bonds between Tetrel Atoms." ChemPhysChem 21, no. 17 (August 12, 2020): 1934–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cphc.202000444.

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22

Wang, Jian, Oleg I. Lebedev, Kathleen Lee, Juli-Anna Dolyniuk, Peter Klavins, Sabah Bux, and Kirill Kovnir. "High-efficiency thermoelectric Ba8Cu14Ge6P26: bridging the gap between tetrel-based and tetrel-free clathrates." Chemical Science 8, no. 12 (2017): 8030–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7sc03482b.

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23

ANDERSEN, A. HARRESTRUP, J. B. FUNDER, F. HALSTRØM, and A. ROTHE MEYER. "Untersuchungen über die Giftigkeit des Tetryls." Acta Medica Scandinavica 110, no. 6 (April 24, 2009): 548–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0954-6820.1942.tb06839.x.

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24

Gao, Mingyu, Jing Pu, Xuan Yang, Mark Horowitz, and Christos Kozyrakis. "TETRIS." ACM SIGOPS Operating Systems Review 51, no. 2 (April 4, 2017): 751–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3093315.3037702.

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25

Gao, Mingyu, Jing Pu, Xuan Yang, Mark Horowitz, and Christos Kozyrakis. "TETRIS." ACM SIGPLAN Notices 52, no. 4 (May 12, 2017): 751–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3093336.3037702.

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26

Gao, Mingyu, Jing Pu, Xuan Yang, Mark Horowitz, and Christos Kozyrakis. "TETRIS." ACM SIGARCH Computer Architecture News 45, no. 1 (May 11, 2017): 751–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3093337.3037702.

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27

Xu, Weifeng, and Russell Tessier. "Tetris." ACM SIGPLAN Notices 42, no. 7 (July 13, 2007): 113–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1273444.1254783.

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28

Bartashevich, Ekaterina, Yury Matveychuk, and Vladimir Tsirelson. "Identification of the Tetrel Bonds between Halide Anions and Carbon Atom of Methyl Groups Using Electronic Criterion." Molecules 24, no. 6 (March 19, 2019): 1083. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24061083.

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The consideration of the disposition of minima of electron density and electrostatic potential along the line between non-covalently bound atoms in systems with Hal−···CH3–Y (Hal− = Cl, Br; Y = N, O) fragments allowed to prove that the carbon atom in methyl group serves as an electrophilic site provider. These interactions between halide anion and carbon in methyl group can be categorized as the typical tetrel bonds. Statistics of geometrical parameters for such tetrel bonds in CSD is analyzed. It is established that the binding energy in molecular complexes with tetrel bonds correlate with the potential acting on an electron in molecule (PAEM). The PAEM barriers for tetrel bonds show a similar behavior for both sets of complexes with Br− and Cl− electron donors.

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29

Trievel, Raymond C., and Steve Scheiner. "Crystallographic and Computational Characterization of Methyl Tetrel Bonding in S-Adenosylmethionine-Dependent Methyltransferases." Molecules 23, no. 11 (November 13, 2018): 2965. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules23112965.

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Tetrel bonds represent a category of non-bonding interaction wherein an electronegative atom donates a lone pair of electrons into the sigma antibonding orbital of an atom in the carbon group of the periodic table. Prior computational studies have implicated tetrel bonding in the stabilization of a preliminary state that precedes the transition state in SN2 reactions, including methyl transfer. Notably, the angles between the tetrel bond donor and acceptor atoms coincide with the prerequisite geometry for the SN2 reaction. Prompted by these findings, we surveyed crystal structures of methyltransferases in the Protein Data Bank and discovered multiple instances of carbon tetrel bonding between the methyl group of the substrate S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet) and electronegative atoms of small molecule inhibitors, ions, and solvent molecules. The majority of these interactions involve oxygen atoms as the Lewis base, with the exception of one structure in which a chlorine atom of an inhibitor functions as the electron donor. Quantum mechanical analyses of a representative subset of the methyltransferase structures from the survey revealed that the calculated interaction energies and spectral properties are consistent with the values for bona fide carbon tetrel bonds. The discovery of methyl tetrel bonding offers new insights into the mechanism underlying the SN2 reaction catalyzed by AdoMet-dependent methyltransferases. These findings highlight the potential of exploiting these interactions in developing new methyltransferase inhibitors.

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30

Mahmoudi, Ghodrat, Antonio Bauzá, and Antonio Frontera. "Concurrent agostic and tetrel bonding interactions in lead(ii) complexes with an isonicotinohydrazide based ligand and several anions." Dalton Transactions 45, no. 12 (2016): 4965–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6dt00131a.

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We report for the first time the concurrent agostic and tetrel bonding interactions involving the heaviest tetrel atom (Pb) in N′-(phenyl(pyridin-2-yl)methylene)isonicotinohydrazide–PbX complexes (X = Cl, I, NCS, NO₂).

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31

Bauzá, Antonio, Tiddo J. Mooibroek, and Antonio Frontera. "Tetrel-Bonding Interaction: Rediscovered Supramolecular Force?" Angewandte Chemie International Edition 52, no. 47 (October 2, 2013): 12317–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.201306501.

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32

Bauzá, Antonio, Tiddo J. Mooibroek, and Antonio Frontera. "Tetrel-Bonding Interaction: Rediscovered Supramolecular Force?" Angewandte Chemie 125, no. 47 (October 2, 2013): 12543–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.201306501.

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33

Czarnecki, Andrzej, Bo Leng, and M. B. Voloshin. "Stability of tetrons." Physics Letters B 778 (March 2018): 233–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2018.01.034.

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34

Garat, Alcides. "Tetrads in geometrodynamics." Journal of Mathematical Physics 46, no. 10 (October 2005): 102502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2049167.

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35

Patel, Dinshaw J. "Tetrads through interdigitation." Nature 363, no. 6429 (June 1993): 499–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/363499a0.

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36

Jarić, Jovo P., and Dimitrije Stamenović. "On Unsheared Tetrads." Journal of Elasticity 81, no. 2 (August 25, 2005): 153–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10659-005-9011-7.

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37

Belley, Michel L., Bryan Hill, Hugh Mitenko, John Scheigetz, and Robert Zamboni. "Asymmetric Dihydroxylation of Dienes: Synthesis of Tetrols." Synlett 1996, no. 01 (January 1996): 92–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-1996-5323.

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Xu, Weifeng, and Russell Tessier. "Tetris-XL." ACM Transactions on Architecture and Code Optimization 6, no. 3 (September 2009): 1–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1582710.1582713.

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Wang, Meng, and Haipeng Mi. "Tangible Tetris." Leonardo 52, no. 2 (April 2019): 182–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/leon_a_01693.

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Tangible Tetris is a mixed-reality interactive game allowing play with a physical transformable tetromino in a virtual playfield. The extension from game world to the physical brings plenty of new characteristics, strategies and fun to the classic game, as well as more possibilities in interactive art.

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Philip Riley and Laura Taalman. "Tetris Sudoku." College Mathematics Journal 44, no. 4 (2013): 292. http://dx.doi.org/10.4169/college.math.j.44.4.292.

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Demaine, Erik D., Martin L. Demaine, Sarah Eisenstat, Adam Hesterberg, Andrea Lincoln, Jayson Lynch, and Y. William Yu. "Total Tetris: Tetris with Monominoes, Dominoes, Trominoes, Pentominoes,..." Journal of Information Processing 25 (2017): 515–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2197/ipsjjip.25.515.

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Réant, Benjamin L. L., Stephen T. Liddle, and David P. Mills. "f-Element silicon and heavy tetrel chemistry." Chemical Science 11, no. 40 (2020): 10871–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0sc04655h.

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Esrafili, Mehdi D., Soheila Asadollahi, and Parisasadat Mousavian. "Anionic tetrel bonds: An ab initio study." Chemical Physics Letters 691 (January 2018): 394–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cplett.2017.11.051.

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Scheiner, Steve. "Origins and properties of the tetrel bond." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 23, no. 10 (2021): 5702–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1cp00242b.

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Tomkiewicz, A., R. Boča, M. Nahorska, and J. Mrozinski. "Ferrimagnetic, bimetallic chain systems: [Ni(tetren)]ReCl6 and [Ni(tetren)]ReCl6·CH3OH where tetren=tetraethylenepentamine." Journal of Molecular Structure 734, no. 1-3 (January 2005): 143–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molstruc.2004.07.042.

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Trujillo, Cristina, Ibon Alkorta, José Elguero, and Goar Sánchez-Sanz. "Cooperative Effects in Weak Interactions: Enhancement of Tetrel Bonds by Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonds." Molecules 24, no. 2 (January 16, 2019): 308. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24020308.

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A series of silyl and germanium complexes containing halogen atoms (fluorine and chlorine atoms) and exhibiting tetrel bonds with Lewis bases were analyzed by means of Møller-Plesset computational theory. Binding energies of germanium derivatives were more negative than silicon ones. Amongst the different Lewis bases utilized, ammonia produced the strongest tetrel bonded complexes in both Ge and Si cases, and substitution of the F atom by Cl led to stronger complexes with an ethylene backbone. However, with phenyl backbones, the fluorosilyl complexes were shown to be less stable than the chlorosilyl ones, but the opposite occurred for halogermanium complexes. In all the cases studied, the presence of a hydroxyl group enhanced the tetrel bond. That effect becomes more remarkable when an intramolecular hydrogen bond between the halogen and the hydrogen atom of the hydroxyl group takes places.

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Shu, L., and R. J. Hurtubise. "Laser-Based Solid-Matrix Fluorescence of Stereoisomeric Tetrols." Applied Spectroscopy 47, no. 11 (November 1993): 1892–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702934065984.

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A laser-based fluorescence measurement system was constructed and used to obtain solid-matrix fluorescence spectra from four stereoisomers. The four isomers were tetrols which are products from benzo(a)pyrene-DNA adducts. The laser-based system showed unique advantages in obtaining the fluorescence fine structure from the tetrols in comparison to non-laser-based commercial spectrofluorometers. A new gatewidth dependence method was developed with the laser system that can be used to characterize and identify the stereoisomers adsorbed on α-cyclodextrin/NaCl at room temperature. The basis of the new gatewidth method depends on different interactions of the analyte molecules with the solid matrix. The method developed has the potential for general analytical application for the identification and characterization of fluorescent stereoisomers and other fluorescent compounds.

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Gray, Paul A., Katherine D. Krause, Neil Burford, and Brian O. Patrick. "Cationic 2,2′-bipyridine complexes of germanium(ii) and tin(ii)." Dalton Transactions 46, no. 26 (2017): 8363–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7dt02148h.

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Shishanin, A. O. "Tetrads and BF-gravity." Physical Interpretation of Relativity Theory: Proceedings of International Meeting., no. 1 (December 2015): 468–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.18698/2309-7604-2015-1-468-472.

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Klinkhamer, F. R., and G. E. Volovik. "Tetrads and q-Theory." JETP Letters 109, no. 6 (March 2019): 364–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0021364019060031.

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