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Fitzgerald, Emily. "‘Hoi, hoi!’ : An analysis of the portrayal of the female divers of Chejudo in the book Mom is a Haenyeo by Koh Hee Young." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Avdelningen för koreanska, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-159448.
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Under senare år har the kvinnliga dykarna från Chejudo, Haenyŏ, presenterats i diverse media. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur Haenyŏ framställs i en barnbok som i synnerhet har dem i fokus genom att analysera boken Mom is a Haenyeo. Metoden som tillämpades för denna studie var en kvalitativ metod där analysfrågor användes för att underlätta analysprocessen. Resultatet visar att Haenyŏ framställs på ett verklighetstroget och positivt sätt, men även att det fanns aspekter som var något romantiserade.In recent years the female divers of Chejudo, Haenyŏ, have been featured in various media. The purpose of this study is to examine how Haenyŏ are portrayed in a children’s book particularly focusing on them by analysing the book Mom is a Haenyeo. The method used for this study was a qualitative method using analysis questions to facilitate the process of analysis. The findings show that Haenyŏ are portrayed accurately and in a positive light, but also that there were aspects that were slightly romanticised.
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Johansson, Fredrik. "Evaluating the performance of TEWA systems." Doctoral thesis, Örebro universitet, Akademin för naturvetenskap och teknik, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-11996.
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It is in military engagements the task of the air defense to protect valuable assets such as air bases from being destroyed by hostile aircrafts and missiles. In order to fulfill this mission, the defenders are equipped with sensors and firing units. To infer whether a target is hostile and threatening or not is far from a trivial task. This is dealt with in a threat evaluation process, in which the targets are ranked based upon their estimated level of threat posed to the defended assets. Once the degree of threat has been estimated, the problem of weapon allocation comes into the picture. Given that a number of threatening targets have been identified, the defenders need to decide on whether any firing units shall be allocated to the targets, and if so, which firing unit to engage which target. To complicate matters, the outcomes of such engagements are usually stochastic. Moreover, there are often tight time constraints on how fast the threat evaluation and weapon allocation processes need to be executed. There are already today a large number of threat evaluation and weapon allocation (TEWA) systems in use, i.e. decision support systems aiding military decision makers with the threat evaluation and weapon allocation processes. However, despite the critical role of such systems, it is not clear how to evaluate the performance of the systems and their algorithms. Hence, the work in thesis is focused on the development and evaluation of TEWA systems, and the algorithms for threat evaluation and weapon allocation being part of such systems. A number of algorithms for threat evaluation and static weapon allocation are suggested and implemented, and testbeds for facilitating the evaluation of these are developed. Experimental results show that the use of particle swarm optimization is suitable for real-time target-based weapon allocation in situations involving up to approximately ten targets and ten firing units, while it for larger problem sizes gives better results to make use of an enhanced greedy maximum marginal return algorithm, or a genetic algorithm seeded with the solution returned by the greedy algorithm.Fredrik Johansson forskar också vid Skövde Högskola, Informatics Research Centre / Fredrik Johansson also does research at the University of Skövde, Informatics Research Centre
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Mekkamol, Sureewan. "Endophytic fungi of Tectona grandis L. (Teak)." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 1998. http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/5030/.
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Taxonomic diversity, biology and ecological aspects of fungal endophytes of Tectona grandis (teak) from Chiang Mai Province, Thailand were investigated. It was found that the endophyte assemblages of mature leaves sampled from natural forest and plantation teak were not significantly different. Members of the Xylariaceae, especially Daldinia eschscholzii, Nemania subannulata, Hypoxylon haematostroma and Xylaria cubensis were frequent isolates. Widely reported endophytic fungi such as Phomopsis, Colletotrichum, Cladosporium and Fusarium were also isolated. There is little evidence to support host specificity for the majority of the isolates. Differences in endophyte assemblages between young and mature leaves were shown to occur with a much lower infection percentage in the young leaves. Species of Phomopsis and Colletotrichum were dominant in the young leaves but members of the Xylariaceae dominated in mature leaves. This pattern was the same for both natural forest and plantation samples. However comparison of taxa isolated from leaf lamina, midrib and veins gave conflicting results. Samples from mature leaves from natural forest trees exhibited little variation with greater variation in taxa recovered being found to occur between sampling years than between position of isolation from the leaf. In plantation leaves, although the results were similar to those from natural forest tree leaves for two of the years sampled, in 1997 the overall recovery rate was highest for the lamina, followed by veins and then the midrib. There was no evidence obtained to link individual taxa with specific regions of the leaf. It is now possible to devise a sampling strategy to obtain suitable diversity of endophytic isolates from teak leaves for industrial screening of these fungi. Techniques were developed to overcome current problems of identification of xylariaceous endophytes in the absence of their teleomorph. Inoculation of suitable woody substrata combined with selective incubation was used to induce teleomorph formation in many of the isolates and this together with chemical profiling enabled identification to species of many of these isolates. Rates of development of specific species were obtained and differences in environmental conditions necessary for development of teleomorphs to maturity were noted for members of different genera. Thus species of Daldinia and Hypoxylon required drier conditions than species of Xylaria and Nemania which only developed under wet shaded conditions. Xylariaceae from the natural forest, plantation, and forest surrounding the plantation were surveyed and a number of the Xylariaceae recovered as endophytes were found to be new to science, new records for Thailand or were recorded as endophytes for the first time.
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Kraenzel, Margaret. "Carbon storage of Panamanian harvest-age teak (Tectona grandis) plantations." Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=31249.
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Reforestation is being considered as a mitigation option to help combat the climate change predicted to result from atmospheric carbon dioxide pollution. Forestry-based carbon storage projects are being introduced in many tropical countries, and assessment of species-specific carbon storage potentials is made difficult by a lack of species-level information. This study focuses on teak (Tectona grandis), to measure many of the characteristics affecting the carbon storage potential both of the trees themselves and of the plantations they are in. Root-to-shoot ratio, above- and belowground biomass, as well as tissue carbon content were measured in 20-year-old teak trees in Panamanian plantations. A regression relating diameter at breast height (DBH) to total tree carbon storage for trees of various sizes was developed. To scale up to the plantation level, this regression was used to estimate the carbon storage of the trees of four plantations. Litter, undergrowth, and soil were studied to estimate carbon storage in these compartments. These estimates were collated to form a global estimate of carbon storage in Panamanian harvest age teak plantations. Various methods of calculation of carbon storage in short-rotation plantations are discussed. This work will allow greater precision in the assessment of carbon storage in individual plantations.
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Van, Zyl Louis. "Stem form, height and volume models for teak in Tanzania." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/1282.
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Humphrey, Francis. "Sensory language and the divine-human relationship in the TENAK [i.e. Tanakh]." Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=28782.
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The five exteroceptive senses are used extensively as metaphors for describing the divine-human relationship in the Old Testament. The thesis seeks to explore the significance of sensory language for understanding the TENAK's perspectives on the relationship between God and mortals. A phenomenology of the senses is sketched in the first chapter drawing upon the works of Merleau-Ponty, Straus, Leder, Howes and Classen. This leads the author to delineate the "rubrics" (salient features) of the Senses.The rubrics are applied to individual texts which use sensory language to see whether they serve as a useful tool for exegesis. Tables are presented which contain lexical data on sensory language used to describe God's knowledge of humans (chapter two) and humanity's knowledge of God (chapter three). Differences in the sensory language describing the two directions of knowledge are noted and commented upon.
The thesis thus looks at the sensory language in the TENAK at both a micro-level (individual texts) and a macro-level (over-all patterns of sensory language). It is argued that the rubrics serve as a positive tool of exegesis and that the patterns detected are of significance in understanding certain basic perspectives of the TENAK'S view of the relationship between the deity and mortals.
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Duwe, Samuel Gregg. "The Prehispanic Tewa World: Space, Time, and Becoming in the Pueblo Southwest." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/202729.
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Cosmology -- the theory, origin, and structure of the universe -- underlies and informs thought and human action and manifests in people's material culture. However, the theoretical and methodological tools needed to understand cosmological change over archaeological time scales remains underdeveloped. This dissertation addresses the history of the Pueblo people of the American Southwest, specifically the Tewa of the northern Rio Grande region in modern New Mexico, to identify and explain cosmological change in the context of dramatic social and residential transformation.The Great Drought and resulting abandonment of much of the northern Southwest in the late-1200s acted as a catalyst for a complex reorganization of the Pueblo world as displaced migrant groups interacted with existing communities, including people of the Rio Grande region. I argue that this period of immigration, reorganization, and subsequent population coalescence of disparate people, with different world views and histories, resulted in a unique construction of the cosmos and, eventually, the Tewa identity and history that the Spanish encountered in the late 1500s. The resulting Tewa cosmology recorded in twentieth century ethnography, while heavily influenced by histories of conquest and colonization, is therefore a palimpsest of the memories, identities, and histories of disparate peoples brought together by the events of migration and coalescence.Using data collected from architectural mapping, pottery analysis, ceramic compositional analysis, and dendrochronology, I infer a history of settlement and interaction between and within possibly disparate ancestral Tewa groups in the northern Rio Grande region. I then interpret ritual landscape data with respect to cosmological change, focusing on natural and cultural (shrines and rock art) features immediately adjacent to the village.I argue that new cosmologies were developed through negotiation of worldview between disparate peoples displaced by the mass-depopulation of the northern Southwest. The ethnographic Tewa cosmology has roots in multiple traditions but is innovative and unique in the context of the larger Pueblo world. However, because the majority of the Pueblo world underwent similar residential, social, ritual, and cosmological transformation from A.D. 1275-1600, a Tewa case study has broad implications for the remainder of the Pueblo Southwest.
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Mekvichai, Banasopit. "The teak industry in North Thailand the role of a natural-resource-based export economy in regional development /." Google Book Search Library Project, 1988. http://books.google.com/books?id=zGk1AAAAMAAJ.
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Nunifu, Thompson K. Fq(Thompson Kwaku). "The growth and yield of teak (Tectona grandis Linn F.) plantations in northern Ghana." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ33423.pdf.
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Ombina, Christian Ahmed. "Soil characterisation for teak (Tectona grandis) plantations in the Nzara district of Southern Sudan." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2260.
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Thesis (MScFor (Forest and Wood Science))--Stellenbosch University, 2008.The characterization of soils in Nzara District of Southern Sudan in comparison to other tropical teak growing countries (Tectona grandis) – in respect of extensions to existing and/or the establishment of new teak plantations – were done by firstly considering the soils of three existing plantations: Yoboa, Mabarizinga and Nagondi, and secondly by considering soils outside and inside the existing teak plantations in respect of land uses. From these soil characterizations, it emerged that considerable positive returns can be expected from teak plantings in the area as an investment, provided that appropriate site management is implemented. Climatic data of the Nzara area compared favorably with the climatic range of areas where teak grows naturally and the world’s dominant producers: mean annual rainfall 1350-1600 mm with a distribution over 6-8 months compares well with that of Myanmar (1250-3750 mm) and Indonesia (1511-2108 mm) both with at least 3 months of dry season. The mean annual temperature of 28-350C compares well with 15-410C and 30-320C of Myanmar and Indonesia respectively. The Yoboa and Mabarizinga sites should be prioritized as they appear slightly more suitable than the Nagondi site. All three sites have a dominant soil texture of Sandy Clay Loam similar to Sandy Loam of most areas of other tropical countries where teak is growing well (such as India, Indonesia and Nigeria). Yoboa and Mabarizinga however distinguish themselves by having the highest soil pHwater values range from 6.4±0.56 and 6.04±0.7 in top soils; 5.91±0.5 and 5.46±0.61 in subsoils at Yoboa and Mabarizinga respectively; the highest soil organic matter content 1.8±0.34% and 1.92±0.43% in topsoil 0.89±0.16% and 1.13±0.19% in subsoils; as well as the highest P content in both available (0.09±0.04% and 0.03±0.04% for topsoils) and total forms (1.19±0.26% and 0.9±0.3% also on topsoils). These values though very low in absolute terms, are not much different from those of other tropical teak-growing countries. Management strategies intended to preserve and improve the present status, particularly the protection of top soil horizons against mainly water erosion, would be able to boost the site productivity.
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Suzuki, Reiji. "Ecological studies on the sustainability of taungya teak reforestation in the Bago mountains, Myanmar." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/145498.
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Kyoto University (京都大学)0048
新制・課程博士
博士(地域研究)
甲第11246号
地博第13号
新制||地||5(附属図書館)
22855
UT51-2004-U451
京都大学大学院アジア・アフリカ地域研究研究科東南アジア地域研究専攻
(主査)助教授 竹田 晋也, 教授 小林 繁男, 教授 田中 耕司
学位規則第4条第1項該当
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Thitibordin, Amnuayvit [Verfasser], and Volker [Akademischer Betreuer] Grabowsky. "Control and Prosperity : the Teak Business in Siam 1880s–1932 / Amnuayvit Thitibordin. Betreuer: Volker Grabowsky." Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1113184280/34.
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Thitibordin, Amnuayvit Verfasser], and Volker [Akademischer Betreuer] [Grabowsky. "Control and Prosperity : the Teak Business in Siam 1880s–1932 / Amnuayvit Thitibordin. Betreuer: Volker Grabowsky." Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:18-80471.
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Baptista, Isabel Alexandra Marques. "Caracterização da casca da teca (Tectona grandis L.f) como potencial fonte de produtos de valor acrescentado." Master's thesis, ISA/UL, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/9228.
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Mestrado em Engenharia Florestal e dos Recursos Naturais - Instituto Superior de AgronomiaThe anatomical and chemical characterization of the bark of mature trees of Tectona grandis from East Timor was made as well as its fractionation and fraction characterization. Teak bark is composed of secondary phloem, a thin layer of periderm cells and a narrow rhytidome. The phloem showed an orderly stratification with tangential bands of fibres in concentric rings alternating with thin bands of axial parenchyma and sieve tube elements. The bark fractured easily into clean particles, yielding low fines with 64.4% of the particles over 2 mm. The mean chemical composition of teak bark was: ash 18.5% (mainly calcium representing 93% of the total), total extractives 12.4% (2.2% non-polar and 10.2% polar compounds), lignin 19.8% and suberin 2.0%. The polysaccharides, corresponding to approximately 47%, are predominantly glucose (60.3% of total neutral monosaccharides) and xylose (20.3%). The content of rhamnose was also comparatively high (5.1%). Extractives were higher in the fines, about 30% more than in the coarse fraction. Lignin content and monosaccharide composition were similar in the different bark fractions. A difference between fractions was found for suberin content which was lower in the fines: 0.6% and 3.5% in the fine and medium fractions, respectively
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Sarsito, Agus. "An analysis of the Indonesian teak industry and its market prospects in the UK for further processed products." Thesis, Bangor University, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.262521.
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Amponsah, Isaac G. "Forest soil characteristics and variability under teak, Tectona grandis Linn. F, plantations and natural forests in Ashanti Region, Ghana." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0023/MQ52036.pdf.
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Purwanto, Ris Hadi. "Teak (Tectona grandis Linn.f.) and food crop production under agroforestry management in moist deciduous forests of eastern Java in Indonesia." Kyoto University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/145043.
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Kyoto University (京都大学)0048
新制・課程博士
博士(農学)
甲第11643号
農博第1499号
新制||農||909(附属図書館)
学位論文||H17||N4036(農学部図書室)
23286
UT51-2005-D392
京都大学大学院農学研究科森林科学専攻
(主査)教授 中坪 文明, 教授 武田 博清, 教授 太田 誠一
学位規則第4条第1項該当
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Kwashirai, Vimbai Chaumba. "Forest exploitation versus conservation in colonial Zimbabwe with particular reference to the Zambezi teak woodland of north west Matabeleland : 1890-1960." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.395696.
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DeLoach, Dana Engstrom. "Image and Identity at El Santuario de Chimayo in Chimayo, New Mexico." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1999. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278102/.
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El Santuario de Chimayo is a small community shrine that combines both native Tewa Indian and Christian traditions. This study focuses on the interaction between traditions through analysis of the shrine's two major artworks: a crucifix devoted to El Senor de Esquipulas (Christ of Esquipulas) and a statue of the Santo Nino (Holy Child). The shrine and its two primary artworks are expressions of the dynamic interaction between native and European cultures in New Mexico at the beginning of the nineteenth century. They frame the discussion of native and Christian cultural exchange about the
relationships between religious images, how they function, and how they are interpreted.
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Musgrave, Michael K. "Carbon and the commons in the Zambezi teak (Baikiaea plurijuga, Harms) forests of western Zambia : sustainable forest management for commodity and community." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/6317.
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This study attempted a holistic synthesis of the problems of Sustainable Development (SD) and Sustainable Forest Management (SFM) in the dry deciduous forests of south western Zambia. There are scale-based implications across the entire range of actions required for SFM and REDD+ implementation in tropical forests. Addressing scale mismatches in ecological, social and socio-ecological systems is essential and may help resolve epistemological differences in interdisciplinary research. The importance of local context to SD and SFM supported a case study approach to the social-ecological system. Leaf phenology shows regional variation in deciduousness and varies spatially on a local scale. This highlights the need for researching the eco-physiological source of this variation to assess the effects of climate change on forest phenology. Livelihood analysis in forest communities showed that high levels of social and natural capital confer community resilience to climate change. Land use change was mapped between 1975 and 2005. Zambezi Teak forests decreased in area by 54% between 1975 and 2005. However, changes in area weighted Above Ground Biomass (AGB) are negligible because Zambezi Teak forests are replaced by other woody vegetation. The differences in AGB between plot-based field measurements of AGB and published global biomass maps mean that these maps are not useful for REDD+ projects at the project scale (~10,000 ha). Governance arrangements for Zambezi Teak forests differ between Zambia and Zimbabwe. Although the forests in Zimbabwe have an age structure skewed towards smaller age classes than forests in Zambia, possibly indicating a recovery from logging, this study has not accounted for other covariates which determine forest condition. This research emphasises the importance of case studies for building a global database for inclusion in a meta-analysis, and for the contextual focus which a holistic approach brings to the action-based agenda at the heart of SD and SFM.
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Gilio, Caroline Graminha. "Avaliação de painéis de partículas homogêneas empregando-se madeira de hevea brasiliensis e tectona grandis, aglutinadas com adesivo poliuretano derivado de óleo de mamona /." Ilha Solteira, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/192279.
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Orientador: Sergio Augusto Mello da SilvaResumo: Estudos sobre florestas plantadas para aproveitamento de madeiras em vários setores industriais tem se intensificado no mundo. A utilização dessas madeiras no Brasil, além de garantir a sustentabilidade de espécies nativas, possibilita a produção de derivados de madeiras e o amplo emprego na construção civil. A Seringueira (Hevea brasilienses) e Teca (Tectona grandis) representam duas espécies de reflorestamento cultivadas no Brasil e que serão utilizadas neste trabalho para produção de painéis de partículas homogêneas. A Seringueira é utilizada para produção de borracha natural, entretanto, precisam ser substituídas ao final do ciclo de produção (25 a 30 anos) e, as árvores improdutivas são utilizadas para geração de energia. Com relação à Teca, espécie de origem asiática, sua madeira apresenta excelentes características de resistência e durabilidade e vem sendo empregada na construção civil de modo geral e para a produção de móveis. Vale ressaltar, que tanto a Seringueira quanto a Teca, adaptadas às condições edafológicas das regiões em que são reflorestadas, apresentam rápido crescimento e poderiam ser utilizadas para produção de painéis de partículas. Entretanto, para este trabalho, será considerada a utilização dessas espécies com mais de 20 anos, buscando-se avaliar a possibilidade de aproveitamento dessas para a produção de painéis de partículas aglutinadas com adesivo poliuretano derivado de mamona (PU-Mamona). Os painéis produzidos foram avaliados de acordo com NBR 1... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Studies on planted forests to use wood in various industrial sectors has intensified in the world. The use of these woods in Brazil, in addition to ensuring the sustainability of native species, enables the production of wood derivatives and wide employment in civil construction. The rubber tree (Hevea brasilienses) and Teca (Tectona grandis) represent two species of reforestation cultivated in Brazil and which are used in this work for the production of particleboards. The rubber tree is used for the production of natural rubber, however, it needs to be replaced at the end of the production cycle (25 to 30 years) and, the unproductive trees are used for power generation. Regarding Teca, a species of Asian origin, its wood has excellent resources of resistance and durability and has been used in civil construction in general and for furniture production. It is worth mentioning that both Seringueira and Teca, adapted to the edaphological conditions of the regions where they are reforested, show quick growth and are used for the production of particleboards. However, for this work, the use of these species with more than 20 years will be considered, looking for the possibility of using them for the production of agglutination panels with castor oil-based polyurethane adhesive (PU-Castor). The panels produced were evaluated according to NBR 14810 - 1 and 2: 2013 and international documents to verify their physical and mechanical properties, as well as, using scanning electron mi... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
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Salifu, Francis K. "Physico-chemical properties of soil in the High Forest zone of Ghana associated with logged forest and with areas converted to teak (Tectona grandis Linn. F)." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ33448.pdf.
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Win, Rosy Ne. "A Study on Sustainable Management of Teak Bearing Forests under Selection System in the Bago Mountains of Myanmar with Special Reference to Logging Damage and Regeneration." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/142473.
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Crémézi, Sylvie. "Au coeur de la danse : le corps résonant à la clef de la résilience culturelle et sociale des Indiens Pueblo Tewa, Navajo et Apache Mescalero du Nouveau-Mexique." Montpellier 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MON30015.
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Les cultures pueblo tewa, navajo et apache mescalero du Nouveau-Mexique appliquent une conscience participatoire à leur conception de la vie et de la société avec pour but d'établir une sorte de résonnance avec ce qu'ils percoivent. Ces cultures sont fondées sur une phénoménologie perceptuelle. Au coeur de leur expérience, leurs fondement reposent sur la perception acquise en utilisant le corps tout entier en participation directe avec le monde naturel. La danse y est présente afin de maintenir le flux dynamique et harmonieux de l'univers. La proposition est ici de voir en ces corps éveillés à la présence au monde et en résonance avec la nature et le cosmos qui sont autant de manifestations de champs de significations et de la flexibilité de ces sociétés, un facteur de résilience sociale et culturelleThe Pueblo Tewa, Navajo and Mescalero Apache Indians of New Mexico apply a participatory consciousnes to their conception of life and society to establish a kind of resonance with what they perceive. These cultures are based on perceptual phenomenology. At the core of their experience, they are based on the perception gained from using the entire body of their denses in direct participation with the natural world. Dance is present in order to maintain the harmonious dynamics and flux of the universe. We propose to see in these dancing bodies awakened to the presence of the world, resonating with nature and the cosmos, manifesting meanings and the flexibility of these societies, a factor of social and cultural endurance
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Nery, Felipe Uassurê. "Otimização do crescimento e desenvolvimento de teca (Tectona grandis Linn f.) in vitro." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11150/tde-14022012-111053/.
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O crescente aumento no uso da micropropagação de teca como forma de produção de clones com qualidades genotípicas e fenotípicas selecionadas a partir de árvores de elite, determinou a importância desse método, pois origina plantações com maior qualidade e uniformidade, agregando maior valor ao preço da madeira no mercado. O uso de sementes para a obtenção de mudas é uma técnica menos onerosa, porém resulta em plantas com tamanhos desiguais e não há um padrão na qualidade da madeira, essa técnica depende também da época de produção de sementes e, portanto é restrita a um período do ano. A micropropagação permite a clonagem em larga escala das árvores de elite em tempo e espaço reduzidos, podendo ser realizada em qualquer época do ano, além disso, permite a formação de mudas totalmente livres de pragas e patógenos. Faz-se necessário, maiores estudos com meio de cultura para Tectona grandis, pois os materiais relacionados a esse assunto são escassos. Para que a técnica do cultivo in vitro da teca seja incrementada, objetivou-se nesse experimento, otimizar o crescimento dos explantes de três clones diferentes, testando a eficiência de 6 meios de cultura com diferentes formulações nutricionais e constatar qual deles apresenta a melhor resposta para cada clone. O estudo contou com 6 tratamentos (MS, Básico, M1, M2, M3 e M4), durante oito épocas de avaliação (0, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42 e 49 dias), para três clones de Tectona grandis (61, 62 e 68), com três repetições por tratamento/clone, utilizando o delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado. A avaliação do crescimento foi feita por meio do peso de matéria fresca (PMF), matéria seca (PMS) e a taxa de crescimento relativo (TCR) proporcionado pelos meios. O PMF foi usado para obtenção do PMS e cálculo da TCR. Baseado nos valores do PMS obtidos, para o clone 61, constatou-se a formulação do meio Básico (PMS = 0,38 g), como a mais eficiente. Para o clone 62, o meio mais responsivo foi M4 (PMS = 0,47 g) e no clone 68, destacou-se o meio M3 (PMS = 0,71 g). Quanto a TCR, não foi encontrada diferença estatística significativa para nenhum dos 6 meios de cultura levando-se em conta os três clones.The increasing use of teak micropropagation as a way of producing clones with genotypic and phenotypic qualities selected from elite trees, established the importance of this method, it leads to higher crop quality and consistency, adding more value to the price of wood business. The use of seeds to obtain seedlings has a less cost, but it results in plants with unequal sizes and wood quality without a pattern. This technique also depends on the time of seed production and therefore is restricted to a year period. Micropropagation allows cloning elite trees in large-scale and reduced time and space. It can be performed at any time of year, in addition, allows the formation of plants totally free of pests and pathogens. It is necessary more studies with culture medium for Tectona grandis, because the materials related to this subject are scarce. To increase the technique of teak in vitro cultivation, this experiment aimed to optimize the growth and development of explants from three different clones, testing the effectiveness of six culture media with different nutritional formulations and find which one offers the best answer to each clone. The study included six treatments (MS, Basic, M1, M2, M3 and M4) for eight periods (0, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42 and 49 days) for three clones of Tectona grandis (61, 62 and 68) with three replicates per treatment/clone, in a randomized experimental design. The growth assessment was performed by the fresh matter weight (FMW), dry matter weight (DMW) and relative growth rate (RGR) provided by the media. The FMW was used to obtain the DMW and to calculate RGR. Based on DMW values obtained for clone 61, was found that the formulation of Basic medium (DMW = 0.38 g) was the most efficient. For clone 62, the most responsive medium was M4 (DMW = 0.47 g) and to clone 68, M3 (DMW = 0.71 g) was the highlighted medium. As the RGR, it was found no statistically significant difference for any of the six culture media taking into account the three clones.
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Guimarães, Mariana Abdalla Prata. "Cultivo de Tectona grandis L.f. no Estado do Espírito Santo." Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2012. http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/5821.
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Previous issue date: 2012-10-03The objective was to create a map of zoning edaphoclimatic for teak in Espírito Santo, characterize six teak stands in southern Espírito Santo, and evaluate the genetic variability in progenies of Tectona grandis Lf in the municipality of Alegre, state of Espírito Santo. The work was divided into three chapters. At first, we used the fuzzy logic, in the desktop ArcGIS 9.2/ArcMap®, from time series of accumulated rainfall annual average, air temperature, water deficit accumulated annual and texture of soils. From the IDW and Reclass tool were generated maps of each factor, considering the indexes for teak. By overlaying these maps, we obtained the map of zoning edaphoclimatic. The southern and south central coastal showed aptitude for the cultivation of the species. The western region was classified as suitable restriction, because of the had rocky outcrops, but were masked by the methodology. The mountainous and north regions were classified as able-restricted, due to water factors. In the second chapter, we evaluated six teak stands in the municipalities of Cachoeiro de Itapemirim, Muqui and Mimoso do Sul. The stands were divided in plots of 9,0 m x 12,0 m, and evaluated 6 plots in each stand, randomly selected, noting the variables: total height, merchantable height, circumference, attack of pests and diseases and the presence of thick branches and twisting on the shaft. The stands of the region are small, and showed low values to characteristics evaluated, despite being located in areas suitable for the cultivation of the species. In the third chapter, it was used as treatment 50 progenies of half-brothers teak, established in a randomized block design, spaced 3,0 m x 2,0 m. The monitoring was conducted at 6 and 12 months after planting, where it was evaluated: i) the diameter of the stem base, ii) total height and iii) survival. The variables were analyzed using the methodology of mixed linear model univariate and multivariate, through of the SELEGEN-REML/BLUP and Genes programs. There was low correlation and low genetic variability for all characters at 6 and 12 months, which can be attributed to genetic basis restricted, to the soil used in the experiment or the age of the plants. The progenies 15, 20, 21 and 41 were higher in Medium-Rank for all traits
O objetivo do trabalho foi gerar um mapa de zoneamento edafoclimático para teca no Estado do Espírito Santo, caracterizar seis povoamentos de teca no sul do Espírito Santo, e avaliar a variabilidade genética em progênies de Tectona grandis L.f. no município de Alegre, Estado do Espírito Santo. O trabalho foi dividido em três capítulos. No primeiro, utilizou-se a lógica Fuzzy, no ambiente de trabalho ArcGis 9.2/ArcMap®, a partir de informações de série história de precipitação acumulada anual, temperatura média do ar, déficit hídrico acumulado anual e textura dos solos. A partir da ferramenta IDW e Reclass geraram-se os mapas de cada fator, considerando os índices para teca. Através da sobreposição desses mapas, obteve-se o mapa de zoneamento edafoclimático. A região sul e o litoral centro-sul apresentaram aptidão ao cultivo da espécie. A região oeste foi classificada como apta com restrição, porém apresentou afloramentos rochosos, que foram mascarados pela metodologia. As regiões norte e serrana foram classificadas como apta com restrição, devido a fatores hídricos. No segundo capítulo, avaliou-se 6 povoamentos de teca nos municípios de Cachoeiro de Itapemirim, Muqui e Mimoso do Sul. Realizou-se a divisão dos povoamentos em parcelas de 9,0 m x 12,0 m, onde se avaliou 6 parcelas em cada povoamento, sorteadas ao acaso, anotando-se as variáveis: altura total, altura comercial, circunferência, ataque de pragas e doenças e presença de tortuosidades e galhos grossos no fuste. Os povoamentos da região são pequenos, e apresentaram médias baixas para as características avaliadas, mesmo estando localizadas em áreas aptas ao cultivo da espécie. Para o terceiro capítulo, utilizou-se como tratamento 50 progênies de meio-irmãos de teca, estabelecidas sob delineamento em blocos casualizados, no espaçamento 3,0 m x 2,0 m. O monitoramento foi realizado aos 6 e 12 meses após o plantio, onde avaliaram-se: i) diâmetro da base do caule; ii) altura total das plantas; e iii) sobrevivência. As variáveis foram analisadas usando-se a metodologia de modelo linear misto uni e multivariado, com os programas SELEGEN-REML/BLUP e Genes. Verificou-se baixa variabilidade genética e correlação para todos os caracteres aos 6 e 12 meses, que pode ser atribuída à restrita base genética, à localização do experimento ou à idade das plantas. As progênies 15, 20, 21 e 41 foram superiores no Rank-Médio para todos os caracteres avaliados
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Moura, Rogério Goularte. "Diversidade de himenópteros parasitoides (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae) e coleobrocas (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) associados à cultura de Tectona grandis Linn. f. (Lamiaceae)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/91/91131/tde-30102012-160901/.
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Com o objetivo de analisar a fauna de himenópteros parasitoides (Hymenoptera:Chalcididae) e de coleobrocas (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) associados à cultura de T. grandis, foram utilizadas 5 armadilhas de Malaise instaladas no interior da floresta plantada. As coletas foram realizadas, semanalmente, de outubro de 2009 a setembro de 2010, em área de reflorestamento situado no município de Cáceres, MT. Foram analisados os índices faunísticos de frequência, constância, abundância e dominância e também diversidade de espécies. Foram coletados 414 parasitoides; pertencentes às famílias Chalcididae e distribuídos em 3 gêneros e 16 espécies e 715 espécies de coleobrocas, pertencentes à família Cerambycidae e distribuídos em 2 subfamílias, 18 tribos, 33 gêneros e 36 espécies. As espécies de parasitoides mais abundantes foram Brachymeria pandora e Ceyxia ventrispinosa. As espécies mais abundantes de coleobrocas foram Neoclytus pusillus, Achryson surinamum, Chlorida festiva, Coleoxestia atrata, Cosmoplatidius abare, Hexoplon uncinatum e Megacyllene acuta.This research deals with the association of parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae) with wood borers (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in a commercial forest of Tectona grandis located in Cáceres, State of Mato Grosso, Brazil. The insects were collected by using five Malaise traps in different sites of the forest, from October 2009 to September 2010. The following indexes were analyzed: frequency, constancy, abundance, dominance and species diversity. A total of 414 Chalcididae parasitoids and 715 Cerambycidae wood borers were collected. The most abundant parasitoid species were Brachymeria pandora and Ceyxia ventrispinosa while the most wood borers ones were Neoclytus pusillus, Achryson surinamum, Chlorida festiva, Coleoxestia atrata, Cosmoplatidius abare, Hexoplon uncinatum and Megacyllene acuta.
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Lindberg, Karin, and Anna Nordlander. "Housing projekt Pattaya Thailand." Thesis, Jönköping University, School of Engineering, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-615.
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This report will examine the problems and possibilities of building a luxurious modern residence in Pattaya, Thailand, incorporating the old traditional building styles of the wooden houses to an ecological house with a low demand for technology.
The client, B. Grimm Group, has recently set up a polo club in the vicinity of Pattaya and has requested a complete set of layouts regarding a planned housing area on the premises. The project includes a structure plan of the village area, perspectives, facades, building layouts and axonometric views of all house types, as well as garden plans. The written report works as a complement to the designs and explains the background to the final proposal.
The report also handles the building technology and construction process of building a traditional Thai house and briefly investigates the ecological aspects of building in Thailand.
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Alcântara, Berenice Kussumoto de. "Caracterização da diversidade genética de Teca (Tectona grandis) de diferentes procedências usando marcadores microssatélites." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11137/tde-19022010-083541/.
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A teca (Tectona grandis) é uma das principais espécies madeireiras do mundo, com alto valor econômico, muito famosa por sua beleza, resistência e durabilidade. A espécie ocorre naturalmente na Índia, Mianmar, Tailândia, Laos e Indonésia, onde estudos de diversidade têm sido realizados no que tange à conservação de recursos genéticos. Entretanto, existe a necessidade de estudos de diversidade genética de teca no Brasil que poderiam ser utilizados, principalmente, para a proteção de cultivares e para o melhoramento genético. Visto isso, o objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar a diversidade genética de genótipos de teca utilizados nos plantios brasileiros. Para tanto foram testados 10 primers de microssatélites, obtidos na literatura, para a avaliação de 60 genótipos, 33 provenientes de sementes de plantios de teca em Cáceres, 14 correspondentes a clones obtidos em Cáceres e 13 genótipos referentes a clones de procedências fora do Brasil, sendo estas, Honduras, Malásia, Índia, Indonésia, Costa do Marfim e Ilhas Salomão. Os genótipos foram divididos em oito grupos, de acordo com sua procedência, para a análise da diversidade genética. Foram realizadas análises multivariadas pelo método bayesiano no programa STRUCTURE, análises de agrupamento e coordenadas principais. Dos 10 primers testados, nove se mostraram polimórficos, sendo então utilizados para as análises estatísticas. Elevada variabilidade genética para os genótipos de teca foi detectada, sendo o número médio de alelos por loco igual a 5,22. Os genótipos de Cáceres apresentaram 100% de polimorfismo, seguido pelos clones da Índia com 90% de polimorfismo. A heterozigosidade média observada ( o= 0,352) foi menor que a heterozigosidade média esperada ( e =0,443). Coerentemente com outros estudos em teca, a maior parte da variabilidade genética concentrou-se dentro dos grupos (Hs = 0,436). Com as análises do programa STRUCTURE foi possível definir a divisão dos genótipos em três grupos, sendo 73,4% dispostos em um único grupo (vermelho) representado pela maioria dos genótipos de Cáceres, 13,3% alocados no grupo verde compostos por alguns clones da Índia, Ilhas Salomão, um clone da Malásia, um de Honduras e os clones da Costa do Marfim e os 13,3% dos genótipos restantes possuíram uma mistura dos dois grupos (vermelho e verde). A análise de agrupamento, utilizando índice de Jaccard, indicou a separação dos genótipos em seis grupos distintos: grupo I pertencente ao clone da Indonésia, grupo II possuindo dois clones da Índia, grupo III com os genótipos de Cáceres e dois clones de fora (um da Índia e outro da Malásia), grupo IV possuindo os genótipos de Honduras e Malásia, grupo V com clones da Índia e grupo VI pertencente aos clones da Costa do Marfim e das Ilhas Salomão, sendo coerente com a análise de coordenadas principais. Através do agrupamento utilizando distância de Nei, foi possível inferir duas possíveis origens da teca implantada no Brasil: Malásia e Índia. Após a avaliação das divergências genéticas, sugestões são feitas no que tange a utilização de genótipos contrastantes para o uso como parentais em programas de melhoramento genético.Teak (Tectona grandis) is one of the main timber species in the world with high economic value, famous for its beauty, strength and durability. The species occurs naturally in India, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos and Indonesia, where diversity studies have been conducted with regard to the conservation of genetic resources. However, there is a need for studies of genetic diversity of teak in Brazil that could be used mainly for the protection of plant varieties and for breeding. Therefore, the objective of this study was to characterize the genetic diversity of teak genotypes used in Brazilian plantations. We tested 10 microsatellite primers, obtained in the literature, to assess 60 teak genotypes, 33 genotypes from seeds of plantations in Caceres, 14 clones obtained in Caceres and 13 clones originated from Honduras, Malaysia, India, Indonesia, Ivory Coast and Solomon Islands. The genotypes were divided in eight groups, in accordance to its origin, for the genetic diversity analysis. Multivariate analysis were conducted using the Bayesian method implemented in the program STRUCTURE, as well as cluster and principal coordinates analysis. Of the 10 primers tested, 9 showed polymorphism, and were then used for statistical analysis. High genetic variability for the teak genotypes was detected, with the average number of alleles per locus equal to 5.22. Caceres genotypes showed 100% polymorphism, followed by the clones from India with 90% polymorphism. The average observed heterozygosity ( o = 0.352) was lower than the average expected heterozygosity ( e = 0.443). Consistent with other studies in teak, most of the genetic variability was concentrated within groups (Hs = 0.436). With the analysis of the STRUCTURE software it was possible to define the division of the genotypes into three groups, 73.4% placed in one group (red) represented the majority of the genotypes of Caceres, and 13.3% allocated in the green group composed of some clones from India, a clone from Solomon Islands, Malaysia and Honduras and the clones of the Ivory Coast. The 13.3% of the remaining genotypes possessed a mixture of the two groups (red and green). Cluster analysis using Jaccard index indicated the separation of the genotypes into six distinct groups: group I belonging to the clone from Indonesia, group II having two clones from India, group III with genotypes from Caceres and two clones from India and Malaysia, group IV having the Honduras and Malaysia genotypes, group V with clones from India and group VI with clones belonging to the Ivory Coast and the Solomon Islands. This result was consistent with the principal coordinate analysis. From the results described above, together with the cluster analysis using Neis distance, it was possible to infer two probable origins of teak implemented in Brazil: India and Malaysia. After assessing the genetic divergences, suggestions were made concerning the use of contrasting genotypes as parents in breeding programs.
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Pontes, Mônica da Silva. "Parametrização do modelo 3-PG para teca (Tectona grandis L.f.) e dos sistemas FERTI-UFV e NUTRI-UFV para subsidiar o seu manejo nutricional." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2011. http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/5480.
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Previous issue date: 2011-07-26Teak (Tectona grandis L.f.) is a tree species original from southwest Asia that have adapted well to the Brazilian climatic conditions, especially in the MatoGrosso state. The area planted with teak in Brazil is rising due to its high quality wood and high price at the international market. The productive potential of teak stands can be obtained through modeling and constitutes an input variable to fertilizer recommendation systems based in the nutritional balance (e.g. FERTI-UFV TECA). Recommendations from these systems can be refined by monitoring the nutritional status of the stands based on the leaf nutrient status through NUTRI-UFV TECA. The objectives of this work were: a) parameterize and calibrate 3-PG model for teak stands in the mid-south region of Mato Grosso state; b) evaluate the universality of 3-PG parameterization as function of the forest sites; c) enable 3-PG to estimate teak stands productivity in sites managed by thinning; d) improve FERTI-UFV TECA (Plant submodel) and NUTRI-UFV TECA systems for fertilizer and lime recommendations and nutritional monitoring of teak stands in the Mato Grosso state. This work was carried out in the Santo Antônio do Leverger region MT, in commercial teak stands owned by the Vale do Araguaia Company. The teak stands were sampled at different stages in their cycles (3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 11 years). Within each sampled stand three trees were cut, measured in terms of DBH and height and separated in its omponents leaves ran hes and trunk . The trees were lassified a ording to their D H as inferior x s mean x s x x s and superior x s and had the on entrations of a g, S, Zn, Fe, Mn, Cu, and B determined for each component. In order to parameterize 3-PG, allometric equations were adjusted to describe biomass production as function of DBH. The diametric distribution model (DDM) employed used the Weibull probability density function adjusted y the maximum likelihood method. β e γ parameters of this function were adjusted for each plot and age, and then correlated with site characteristics. In order to parameterize FERTI-UFV TECA nutrient status of each component was used to estimate the biological utilization coefficient (BUC). For NUTRI-UFV TECA standard nutrient levels (Kenworthy standards) and dual ratios among nutrients (DRIS standards) were estimated based on leaf analysis from 10 locations in Mato Grosso state, comprising teak stands from 1 up to 11 years. Those standards were separated in 2 classes: I) comprising trees up to 5 years old, and II) trees older than 5 years old, with the reference population been constituted by trees growing above than the average. After the parameterization NUTRI-UFV TECA was used to evaluate the nutritional status of the teak stands in Santo Antônio do Leverger. 3-PG returned good estimates for stem (trunk + branches), DBH, height, leaf biomass, and wood volume. With the coupling of DDM it was possible to distribute stem biomass and basal area by 3-PG in diametric classes. The growing and productivity estimates obtained in this present work differed from those by Behling (2009), indicating that 3-PG parameterizations are not universal for teak. Nutrient concentrations varied as a function of the increase in diameter and this variation was different among the compartments. As BUC is the inverse of nutrient concentration, it also varied as a function of DBH. These BUC values and the potential productivity estimated by 3-PG were used to estimate the nutritional demand. In the NUTRI-UFV TECA system general standards differed statistically from age class stratified standards. The coupling of 3-PG and DDM improved the productivity estimates in thinned stands. However, it should be parameterized and calibrated for each region. The models obtained for the BUC values as a function of the age are useful to improve FERTI-UFV TECA system. The foliar nutrient concentration standards and the dual nutrient ratios obtained in this work are useful to improve NUTRI-UFV TECA system, recommending the use of specific standards for each class of age.
A teca (Tectona grandis L.f.) é originária do sudoeste asiático, sendo cultivada no Mato Grosso com sucesso, visando à obtenção de madeira para serraria de ótima qualidade e de elevado valor no mercado internacional. O potencial produtivo de povoamentos de teca pode ser obtido por meio de modelagem baseada em processos e constitui-se em variável de entrada para sistema de recomendação de adubação baseado em balanço nutricional como, por exemplo, o FERTI-UFV TECA. As recomendações assim obtidas podem ser refinadas mediante o monitoramento do estado nutricional com base em análise de tecido foliar pelo uso do NUTRI-UFV TECA. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram: a) parametrizar e calibrar o modelo 3-PG para povoamentos de teca na região Centro-Sul do Mato Grosso; b) Avaliar o grau de universalidade das parametrizações do 3-PG em função do sítio florestal; c) Habilitar o 3-PG para estimar a produtividade, em povoamento de teca, manejados com desbaste; d) Aprimorar os sistemas FERTI-UFV TECA (submodelo Planta) e NUTRI-UFV TECA para a recomendação de fertilização e o monitoramento nutricional dessa cultura no Estado de Mato Grosso. Para tanto, o trabalho foi conduzido na região de Sto. Antônio do Leverger MT, em plantios seminais pertencentes a empresa Companhia do Vale do Araguaia. Para povoamentos de cada idade avaliada (3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 e 11 anos) foram abatidas três árvores, classificadas, de acordo com DAP, em árvore inferior (árvore menor que a média menos uma unidade do desvio padrão), árvore média, e árvore superior (maior que a media mais uma unidade do desvio padrão). Essas árvores foram mensuradas quanto ao dap e altura, e separadas em seus componentes (folhas, galhos e tronco). Foram determinados os teores de N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Zn, Fe, Mn, Cu e B nos componentes das árvores pelos métodos rotineiros e a área foliar específica. Para a parametrização do 3-PG, foram ajustadas equações alométricas para descrever a produção de biomassa em função do dap. O modelo de distribuição diamétrica (MDD) empregado utilizou a função densidade de probabilidade de Weibull ajustada pelo método da máxima verossimilhança. Os parâmetros β e γ desta função foram ajustados para cada parcela em cada idade, e correlacionados com características do povoamento. Para a parametrização do FERTI-UFV TECA os teores dos nutrientes nos componentes da parte aérea foram utilizados para calcular as respectivas eficiências nutricionais (CUB), e para o NUTRI-UFV TECA foram obtidos as normas de teores (normas Kenworthy) e relações duais entre os teores (normas DRIS) com base nos resultados de análises foliares de teca em 10 municípios do Estado do Mato Grosso abrangendo, em conjunto, plantios de 1 a 11 anos. As normas obtidas foram estratificadas em classe I = árvores de até cinco anos e classe II = árvores com mais de cinco anos, sendo a população de referência, para cada classe, constituída das árvores que apresentaram crescimento maior que a média. O sistema NUTRI-UFV TECA após parametrizado foi utilizado para avaliar o estado nutricional de povoamentos em Sto. Antônio do Leverger. O 3-PG proporcionou boas estimativas para biomassa de stem (tronco + galhos), dap, altura, biomassa de folha e volume de lenho. Com o ajuste dos MDD, foi possível distribuir a biomassa de stem e a área basal estimada pelo 3-PG nas diferentes classes diamétricas e a partir daí foi simulado desbaste pela remoção de árvores das menores classes diamétricas. As estimativas de crescimento e produção obtidas neste trabalho diferem das estimativas obtidas pela parametrização desenvolvida por Behling, 2009, indicando a não universalidade das parametrizações do 3-PG para teca. Os teores de nutrientes variaram em função do crescimento em diâmetro, e essa variação foi dependente do compartimento da planta. Logo os valores de CUB, que é o inverso do teor, também variaram em função do dap. A produtividade potencial obtida com o modelo 3-PG, e os valores de CUB foram utilizados para estimar a demanda nutricional. No sistema NUTRI-UFV TECA as normas gerais diferiram estatisticamente das normas estratificadas por classe de idade. O modelo 3-PG adicionado do MDD proporcionou melhores estimativas de produtividade em povoamentos manejos com desbastes, devendo, contudo, ser parametrizado e calibrado para cada região de plantio da cultura. Os modelos obtidos para os valores de CUB em função da idade são úteis para aprimorar o sistema FERTI-UFV TECA. As normas de teores e relações entre teores foliares geradas neste trabalho são úteis ao aprimoramento do sistema NUTRI-UFV TECA, recomendando-se o uso de normas específicas por classe de idade.
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Minn, Yazar Verfasser], Reiner [Akademischer Betreuer] Finkeldey, Holger [Akademischer Betreuer] Kreft, and Dirk [Akademischer Betreuer] [Hölscher. "Investigations of genetic variation of teak (Tectona grandis Linn. f.) in Myanmar for conservation and sustainable utilization of genetic resources / Yazar Minn. Gutachter: Reiner Finkeldey ; Holger Kreft ; Dirk Hölscher. Betreuer: Reiner Finkeldey." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1042261717/34.
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Niamké, Florence Bobolé. "Recherche des déterminants biochimiques de la durabilité naturelle du bois de teck (Tectona grandis)." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON20046.
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La durabilité du bois de teck (Tectona grandis) est une propriété pouvant varier selon le génotype et les facteurs environnementaux. Chez le teck, le degré d'implication des extractibles dans la durabilité naturelle est controversé. A partir d'une approche quantitative incluant les aspects biologiques et technologiques conduites sur des échantillons de bois séchés à l'air ambiant, cette thèse s'est attachée à rechercher les déterminants chimiques de nature phénolique de la durabilité naturelle. Nous avons tout d'abord mis en évidence que les formes osidiques stockées dans l'aubier sont transformées en extractibles de nature quinonique. Nous avons ainsi caractérisé deux composés, l'un dans l'aubier le forsythoside B, un trisaccharide de l'acide caféique et l'autre dans le duramen, le 4',5'-dihydroxy-épiisocatalponol qui ont été identifiés pour la première fois dans le bois de teck. Nous avons mis en évidence que le second composé inhibe la croissance de Trametes versicolor indiquant son rôle directe dans la propriété de durabilité naturelle du bois de teck. Ainsi, les composés du métabolisme des naphthoquinones sont les plus impliqués dans la durabilité naturelle du bois de teck à l'égard de Trametes versicolor et de Poria placenta. Les mécanismes de transformation des sucres pourraient indiquer le niveau de durabilité naturelle des espèces. Ces nouvelles données contribueront aussi à l'amélioration de la qualité du bois qui par ailleurs assure la pérennité des arbresTeak (Tectona grandis) wood natural durability is a property which can vary with genotype and environmental factors. The implication of quinonic extractives in the property of natural durability is controversial. Using a quantitative approach including biological and technological conducted on air-dried wood samples, this thesis aimed to search chemical attributes of natural durability. We first demonstrated that osidic forms stored in the sapwood were transformed into quinone derivative. We have characterized two compounds the forsythoside B, a trisaccharide of cafeic acid in the sapwood and in the heartwood, the 4',5'-dihydroxy(epi)isocatalponol that were identified for the first time in teakwood. The latter compound exhibited strong fungicidal activity against Trametes versicolor indicating that its direct implication in decay resistance of teak wood. We have shown that compounds from naphthoquinones metabolism were involved in decay resistance of teak wood against Trametes versicolor and Poria placenta. The mechanisms of sugars transformation may indicate the natural durability level of sustainable species. There these new data will contribute to improve the wood quality that ensures the perennity of trees
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Alves, Viviann Maciel da Silva. "Alteração estrutural e os produtos obtidos de povoamentos de Tectona grandis L.f. submetidos a desbastes." Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, 2015. http://ri.ufmt.br/handle/1/736.
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O desbaste é prática silvicultural que visa reduzir a competição entre indivíduos e reestabelecer o crescimento das árvores remanescentes. A idade em que o desbaste é aplicado, o tipo utilizado e a sua intensidade promovem alterações estruturais e melhoram a qualidade do povoamento e o seu volume. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar a alteração estrutural e os produtos obtidos de povoamentos de Tectona grandis submetidos ao desbaste seletivo e ao desbaste misto. O trabalho foi desenvolvido em dois povoamentos homogêneos e coetâneos de teca, implantados no espaçamento de 3,0 m x 3,0 m, e desbastados aos cinco anos de idade. Foram estabelecidas parcelas permanentes de 15 m x 60 m, sendo 23 em Nossa Senhora do Livramento e 22 em São José dos Quatro Marcos, onde foram medidas as alturas total e comercial e a circunferência à altura do peito e calculados o DAP, a área transversal média, além dos volumes total e comercial e a área basal. As árvores foram qualificadas quanto à forma de fuste, quanto ao estado fitossanitário e determinadas às respectivas causas e intensidade do dano. Para cada parcela, os indivíduos ainda foram qualificados quanto à classe de dominância e determinados os valores das mesmas variáveis para cada classe. Para comparar os produtos e as alterações estruturais de cada um dos desbastes, os valores médios das parcelas foram submetidos ao teste de Student. Com os valores médios das parcelas para as classes de dominância foram confeccionados os perfis horizontal e vertical para representar esquematicamente a alteração estrutural dos povoamentos desbastados. De forma independente, o desenvolvimento de cada povoamento desbastado ao quinto ano foi avaliado e descrito aos sexto e sétimo anos de idade. O tipo de desbaste aplicado interfere na qualidade da floresta remanescente de Teca e nos produtos obtidos com a operação. O desbaste misto remove toras de qualidade superior ás toras do desbaste seletivo. As árvores remanescentes do desbaste misto apresentam maior frequência de indivíduos de qualidade inferior e presença alternada de linhas com maior ou menor adensamento. O desbaste seletivo proporciona aumento da qualidade das árvores remanescentes, com desenvolvimento superior em relação ao desbaste misto, ainda que, no primeiro ano apresente desenvolvimento superior em relação ao seletivo.
The thinning is a forestry practice to reduce competition between individuals and restore growth of the remaining trees. The age at which trimming is applied, the type used and structural changes its intensity promote and improve the quality of the stand and tree volume. The objective of this study was to compare the structural change and the products obtained from stands of Tectona grandis subjected to selective thinning and mixed thinning. The study was conducted in two homogeneous and aged teak stands, planted with spacing of 3.0 m x 3.0 m, and chopped to five years of age. Permanent plots of 15m x 60m were established, 23 in Nossa Senhora do Livramento and 22 in São José dos Quatro Marcos, in them were measured total and commercial height and circumference at breast height and calculated the diameter at breast height, cross-sectional area, in addition to total and commercial volumes. The trees were still qualified on how to stem, as the healthy and determined the causes and extent of damage. For each installment, the individuals were still qualified as the dominance of certain class and the values of the same variables for each class. To compare products and structural changes of each of the thinning, the mean values of the plots were submitted to the Student test. With average values of parcels for dominance classes were made the horizontal and vertical profiles to schematically represent the structural change of thinned. The development of each of the thinned fifth grade was evaluated, and described independently to the sixth and seventh years. The type of applied thinning interferes with the quality of the remaining forest teak and products obtained from the operation. The mixed thinning removes top quality logs ace logs of selective thinning. The remaining trees mixed thinning an increased frequency of inferior individuals and alternating presence of lines with varying density. Selective thinning provides increased quality of the remaining trees, with a better performance in relation to mixed thinning, even in the first year to present higher development compared to selective.
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Maeght, Jean-Luc. "L'influence de la variabilité climatique sur l’enracinement superficiel et profond d'arbres adultes en plantation : les cas de l’hévéa (hevea brasiliensis) et du teck (tectona grandis) sous contraintes hydriques en Asie du sud est." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON20158/document.
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Le système racinaire, lien essentiel entre la plante et le sol quoi qu'essentiellement invisible, reste encore aujourd'hui peu étudié dans son ensemble. Les plantes étant ancrées au sol via leur système racinaire, leurs facultés d'adaptation et de survie sont donc très dépendantes de leurs capacités à savoir tirer profit de l'espace qui les entoure, notamment par l'intermédiaire de leur système racinaire. Certains arbres font néanmoins partie des plus grands et plus anciens êtres vivants de la planète, preuve s'il en est de leur capacité d'adaptation au milieu dans lequel ils poussent et aux changements environnementaux pouvant survenir dans le temps. Dans le cas des plantations, les contraintes anthropiques imposées se heurtent parfois aux limites de cette formidable capacité d'adaptation. Les travaux développés dans la première partie de cette thèse font l'objet de deux articles publiés et se concentrent sur une revue bibliographique des connaissances sur l'enracinement profond. Le rôle vital du système racinaire pour la plante est ainsi mis en avant ainsi que ses fonctions dans le continuum sol-plante-atmosphère. Son rôle essentiel, souvent sous-estimé dans le stockage du carbone, est également abordé. Les différentes techniques permettant d'accéder aux systèmes racinaires in situ sont passées en revue et nous présentons la technique du puits d'accès que nous avons utilisé pour observer les racines jusqu'à 5 mètres de profondeur. Nous avons également développé nos propres outils de prise de vue par l'intermédiaire de scanner à plat ainsi qu'un outil d'analyse d'images ( IJ_Rizo) aujourd'hui disponible en ligne.Dans la deuxième partie du mémoire, nous nous consacrons à l'étude du système racinaire de l'hévéa adulte (Hevea brasiliensis) dans le nord-est de la Thaïlande. Premier producteur mondial de caoutchouc naturel, la Thaïlande a fortement développé ses plantations d'hévéas allant jusqu'à étendre son exploitation au-delà de sa zone climatique naturelle, dans des zones à fortes contraintes hydriques. Dans ce contexte, nous avons étudié la saisonnalité et la dynamique des racines fines pendant trois ans ainsi que leur contribution au cycle du carbone. Nous avons pu mettre en évidence la continuité de la dynamique racinaire indépendamment des périodes de défoliation mais en lien avec la saisonnalité de la pluviométrie. Nous avons également pu caractériser la faible différenciation de la dynamique racinaire de 0 à 4,5 mètres de profondeur dans un tel contexte. La troisième partie de la thèse concerne l'étude du teck (tectona grandis), espèce endémique d'Asie du Sud-Est, et notamment du Laos dans la région de Luang Prabang. Le développement de sa culture sous forme de plantations mono-spécifiques se poursuit depuis les années 80. En appliquant la technique d'exclusion de pluie pendant 2 ans sur des arbres d'une plantation d'une vingtaine d'années, nous avons observé l'influence du régime de précipitations sur l'enracinement. Un arrêt pratiquement total de croissance des racines en surface et en profondeur a ainsi été mis en évidence. Nous concluons, dans le cas d'espèces à une forte dépendance à la ressource en eau de surface, à un impact direct sur l'état physiologique et une stagnation de la croissance des troncs. Certains individus ont démontré une capacité d'adaptation en modifiant leur cycle de foliation / défoliation accompagné d'une reprise de la croissance des troncs lors de la deuxième année du régime de sécheresse imposé. Nous avons également démontré l'importance de l'enracinement fin pour le stockage du carbone qui, dans ce contexte, représente plus de 45 % du carbone total, soit environ le double des données publiées dans la littérature.Les données obtenues pour les espèces étudiées dans ce mémoire pourront être utilisées pour la modélisation de scenarios simulant le changement climatique et le changement d'usage des terresThe root system is essential but essentially invisible. Plants are anchored to the soil through their root system; their adaptation and survival abilities are highly dependent on their ability to learn to take advantage of the space that surrounds them. Certain trees are nevertheless some of the largest and oldest living species on the planet- evidence of their ability to adapt to changes in their environment. Within managed anthropogenic constraints, particular species are vulnerable. It is clear that a wide range of parameters are likely to influence the root system and its operation, which offers many entry points to improve our understanding of a root's capacity for expansion, its dynamics, its role within the plant itself and within the soil plant atmosphere continuum. Available data on the extent and dynamics of plant roots includes several thousand references. However, the vast majority of these observations were made within the first meter of the soil profile. Data acquisition for the fine and/or deep roots is currently limited by constraints of time and financial resources. To overcome this lack of information, while trying to assess root dynamics under different environmental conditions, many models have been developed. However, it is still difficult to describe the complexity of root development in the community and to integrate its "plasticity".To understand such a complex environment, we must work toward establishing a definition of objectives and the tools necessary to develop and implement them. The work developed in the first part of this thesis is the subject of two articles and focuses on a literature review about deep roots. The vital role of the root system for the plant is well highlighted, as is its impact as a link within the atmosphere. We discuss the role of deep roots in carbon storage, which is critical and often underestimated. The different techniques for accessing the root systems in situ are also considered, and we present our access technique for observing the roots down to depths of five meters. We have also developed tools for shooting through a flatbed scanner and image analysis ( IJ_Rizo ) now available online.In the second part of the thesis, we focus on the study of root systems of adult rubber trees (Hevea brasiliensis L. RRIM 600) in the northeast of Thailand. Thailand has greatly expanded its acreage to extend its operations beyond its natural climate zone, into areas of high water stress. In this context, we studied the seasonality and dynamics of fine roots for three years and their contribution to the carbon cycle. We were able to highlight the continuity of root dynamics during independent periods of defoliation, yet link these to the seasonality of rainfall. We were also able to characterize the low differentiation of root dynamics at 0 to 4.5 m of depth in this context.The third part of the thesis concerns the study of teak particular to the region of Luang Prabang, Laos. By applying the rain exclusion technique for 2 years on a plantation of twenty-year-old trees, we observed the influence of precipitation patterns. During the period of water stress, an almost total cessation of root growth, at the surface and significant depths, has been highlighted. We conclude that in the case of species with a high dependence on water resources there is a direct impact on the physiological state and stagnated trunk growth. Some individuals have demonstrated an ability to adapt by changing their foliation/defoliation cycle, accompanied by a resumption of trunk growth during the second year of imposed drought. We also demonstrated the importance of rooting as a means of carbon storage, which in this context represents more than 45% of total carbon- roughly double the amount published in other literature .The data obtained for the species studied in this paper can be used for modelling scenarios simulating climate change and changing land use
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Sinkey, Leslie-Lynne. "The Pueblitos of Palluche Canyon: An Examination of the Ethnic Affiliation of the Pueblito Inhabitants and Results of Archaeological Survey at LA 9073, LA 10732 and LA 86895, New Mexico." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2004. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/7.
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The small, above-ground masonry structures of northwestern New Mexico called "pueblitos" first came to the attention of anthropologists in over a century ago. In 1920, the noted archaeologist A.V. Kidder hypothesized that these masonry structures might have been built by Puebloan refugees fleeing Spanish reprisals in the wake of the Spanish reconquest of New Mexico after the Pueblo Revolt, and he proposed that this hypothesis be tested. Over the next several decades, however, the hypothesis remained untested, but it became both accepted as established fact and the basis for most anthropological, archaeological, and historical reconstructions of Navajo history and cultural development.
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Nsiah, Bernard. "Contribution of Farm Forest Plantation Management to the Livelihood Strategies of Farm Households in the High Forest Zone of Ghana." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2010. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-39671.
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Ghana has experienced a remarkable degradation and depletion of its forest resources over the last 100 years. This process has undermined the socio-economic and socio-cultural importance of the forests for millions of rural people who depend on the resource to support their livelihood. Many rural households have over the past three decades developed strategies to minimize the effects of forest depletion on their livelihood. The establishment of smallholder forest plantation on agricultural land has emerged as an important form of land-use for households to diversify their sources of income and also improve their socio-economic well-being. The main objective of the study was to identify and analyze the endogenous and exogenous factors inducing farm household’s decision to establish farm forest plantation and to analyze its financial contribution to household’s income and livelihood strategies. The study involved a survey of 280 randomly selected farm households from five communities in the Offinso district in Ghana. The multi-stage stratified random sampling technique was used to select as many as 165 households with farm forest plantation as well as 115 without farm forest plantation. A mixture of tools including semi-structured questionnaire, focus group discussions, wealth ranking, forest inventory and market surveys were used to collect the required data. Results from logistic regression analysis revealed that the age of the household head, the number of years of education of the household head, the amount of household labor, the size of household landholding, the ownership of permanent land, the availability of non-agricultural land and household’s participation in past forest plantation development projects are the most important endogenous factors influencing the farm household’s decision to establish farm forest plantation. On the other hand, exogenous factors such as the availability of market and buyers for farm forest products and farm household’s satisfaction with market prices for farm forest products positively influenced the household’s decision to establish farm forest plantation. Prohibitive rules and regulations relating to the harvesting of trees and transportation of timber from private lands and uncertainty in tree tenure as a result of ambiguous policy framework, however, negatively influenced the decision to establish smallholder forest plantation on their agricultural land. The results from household income portfolio analysis show that cash income from selling farm forest products contributed an average of $273.6 to total household’s income in one agricultural season. This amount accounted for 17.6% of total household’s income and represented the second most important source of income after agriculture. The profitability of different land-uses practiced by the households was analyzed using a conventional economic method (Net Present Value). The results from a comparative financial analysis show that the establishment of teak plantation on agricultural land inter-cropped with food crops is the most profitable form of land use for the households compared to pure teak plantation and maize-plantain cultivation. The results of the study underscore the potential contribution of smallholder farm forest plantation to increase the overall household’s income and thereby improve household’s well-beingGhana hat während der letzten 100 Jahre eine bemerkenswerte Degradation und Verminderung seines Waldvorkommens erlebt. Dieser Prozess hat die sozio-ökonomische und sozial-kulturelle Bedeutung des Waldes als Einkommensquelle zur Unterstützung des Lebensunterhalts für Millionen ländlicher Einwohner geschwächt. Während der letzen 30 Jahre haben viele Kleinbauern Haushalte Strategien entwickelt um den Effekt, den die Verminderung des Waldvorkommens auf ihren Lebensunterhalt hat, zu minimieren. Die Anlage kleinflächiger Forstplantagen auf Ackerland hat sich dabei als wichtige Form der Landnutzung erwiesen, da sie eine Einkommensquelle zusätzlich zu den vorhandenen bedeuten. Sie haben das Potential, die sozio-ökonomiche Situation der Bevölkerung zu verbessern. Ziel der Studie war die Identifizierung von internen und externen Faktoren, die bedeutend zur Entscheidung von Haushalten über die Errichtung kleinflächiger Forstplantagen beitragen. Desweiteren sollten der finanzielle Beitrag der Forstplantagen zum Einkommen und zu Strategien der Kleinbauern analysiert werden. Für die Sudie werden Datensätze von 280 zufällig ausgewählten landwirtschaftlichen Haushalten aus fünf Gemeinden im Offinso Distrikt in Ghana erfasst. Die mehrstufig aufgebaute zufällige Auswahltechnik wurde benutzt, um die 165 Haushalte mit Forstplantagen und 115 Haushalten ohne Forstplantagen für die Studie auszuwählen. Mehrere Instrumente, wurden genutzt um die benötigten Daten zu sammeln darunter vor allem semi-strukturierte Befragungen, fokusierte Gruppendiskussionen, Wohlstandsranking der Haushalte und eine Forstinventur. Ergebnisse einer logistischen Regressionsanalyse ergaben, dass das Alter des Haushaltsvorstands, die Anzahl der Ausbildungsjahre des Haushaltsvorstands, die Anzahl der im Haushalt vorhandenen Arbeitskräfte, die Größe des dem Haushalt zur Verfügung stehenden Ackerlandes, das Eigentum an Ackerland, verfügbare nicht-landwirtschaftlich nutzbare Flächen und die Teilnahme der Haushalte an Projekten zur Forstplantagenentwicklung die wichtigsten internen Faktoren für die Entscheidung der Kleinbauern zur Errichtung von kleinflächiger Forstpantagen darstellen. Andererseits beeinflussten externe Faktoren wie das Vorhandensein von Markt und Käufern für Produkte der Forstplantagen und die Zufriedenheit der Haushalte mit den gebotenen Marktpreisen für diese Produkte die Entscheidung der Kleinbauern zur Errichtung von Forstplantagen positiv. Demgegenüber beeinflussten Verbote und einschränkende Regelungen zur Ernte und zum Transport von Bäumen auf Privatland und die Unsicherheit bezüglich des Eigentums an den Bäumen als Ergebniss unklarer politischer Vorgaben die Entscheidung zur Errichtung von kleinflächiger Forstplantagen auf Ackerland negativ. Das Ergebniss der Analyse verschiedene Haushaltseinkommensquellen zeigt, dass das Jahreseinkommen der Haushalte mit Forstplantagen höher ist als das der Haushalte ohne Forstplantagen. Der Beitrag zum Jahreseinkommen aus dem Verkauf von Produkten der kleinflächiger Forstplantagen betrug im Durchschnitt 273,6 USD in einer landwirtschaftlichen Saison. Dies entsprach 17,6 % des gesamten Haushaltseinkommens und stellte somit die zweitwichtigste Einkommensquelle nach der Landwirtschaft dar. Die Rentabilität der verschiedenen Landnutzungsarten wurde mit der Kapitalwertmethode (Net Present Value) ermittelt. Diese vergleichende Analyse zeigte, dass kleinflächiger Forstplantagen auf Agrarland bei gleichzeitigem Anbau von Nahrungsmittel die profitabelste Art der Landnutzung für die Haushalte im Vergeich zu ausschließlichem Teakanbau und zum Anbau von Mais mit Kochbanane ist. Die Ergebnisse der Studie unterstreichen das Potential kleinflächiger Forstplantagen, einen Beitrag zur Steigerung des gesamten Haushaltseinkommens und zur Verbesserung des Lebensstandards der Haushalte leisten zu können
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Souza, Amós Magalhães de. "Produção e avaliação do desempenho de compósitos à base de madeira a partir de insumos alternativos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18158/tde-27112017-102235/.
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A utilização de produtos provenientes de fontes renováveis e livres de substâncias tóxicas é tendência global, prova disso é o constante aumento da demanda por produtos à base de madeira. Segundo o Forest Products Statistics (2015), a produção mundial de painéis de madeira reconstituída, em 2014, foi de 388 milhões de m³, um aumento de 5,5% em comparação com o ano anterior e um aumento de 34% quando comparado com 2010. No entanto, o setor industrial de painéis de madeira há décadas enfrenta um grande desafio com relação às emissões tóxicas vindas dos adesivos convencionais. Diante destes problemas, a proposta do presente trabalho foi testar a viabilidade da produção de painéis aglomerados e painéis OSB, com significativa redução da emissão de formaldeído, a partir de resíduos de madeira de Pinus sp. e Tectona grandis (Teca). Neste sentido, buscou-se contribuir para o aumento do conhecimento científico sobre a utilização do polímero natural polihidroxibutirato (PHB) e do resíduo de tinta à base de resina epóxi como adesivos alternativos. Os painéis foram fabricados variando-se os parâmetros de produção para obtenção de melhores condições de processo, sendo estes: densidade baixa, média e alta; teor de adesivo de 20, 30 e 40%; adição de partículas de Teca nas proporções de 0, 25, 50, 75, 100%. O desempenho físico-mecânico dos painéis foi avaliado com base nas normas ABNT NBR 14810 (2013) e ANSI A208.1 (2009). Realizou-se análise de variância (ANOVA) para testar a influência dos fatores individuais (densidade, percentual de adesivo e fração de Teca), além das interações entre tais fatores nas propriedades físico-mecânicas dos painéis. Os resultados apontaram para excelentes propriedades físicas e mecânicas dos painéis aglomerados de média e alta densidade, tendo resíduo de tinta, principalmente, nas proporções de 30 e 40%. Na maioria dos casos as propriedades de tais painéis foram superiores aos requisitos estipulados pela norma brasileira e pelas internacionais. Assim, ficou confirmada a viabilidade de produção dos aglomerados com pelo menos um dos insumos estudados bem como seu potencial de emprego para as finalidades compatíveis com produtos desta natureza.The use of products from renewable sources and free of toxic substances is a global trend, the proof is the steady increase in demand for wood-based products. According to the Forest Products Statistics (2015), world production of reconstituted wood panels in 2014 was 388 million cubic meters, an increase of 5.5% compared to the previous year and an increase of 34% compared to 2010. However, the industrial sector of wood panels for decades faces a major challenge with regard to toxic emissions coming from conventional adhesives. Faced with these problems, the purpose of this study was to test the feasibility of production of panels and OSB panels, with significant reduction of formaldehyde emissions from wood waste Pinus sp. and teak (Teak). In this sense, we sought to contribute to the increase of scientific knowledge on the use of natural polymer polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) and residual ink resin-based epoxy as alternative adhesives. The panels were manufactured by varying the production parameters to obtain the best processing conditions, namely: low density, medium and high; resin content of 20, 30 and 40%; adding particles of Teak in proportions of 0, 25, 50, 75, 100%. The physical-mechanical performance of the panels was evaluated based on the standards NBR 14810 (2013) and ANSI A208.1 (2009). Held analysis of variance (ANOVA) to test the influence of individual factors (density, adhesive percentage and fraction Teak), and the interactions among these factors in the physical-mechanical properties of the panels. The results showed excellent physical and mechanical properties of the panels average clusters and high density, and ink residue, mainly in the proportions of 30 and 40%. In most cases the properties of these boards were superior to the requirements set by the Brazilian and international standards. Thus, it was confirmed production of agglomerates with at least one viability of inputs studied as well as their potential for employment for purposes compatible with products of this nature.
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Drescher, Ronaldo. "Crescimento e produção de Tectona Grandis Linn F., em povoamentos jovens de duas regiões do estado de Mato Grosso - Brasil." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2004. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/3722.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorThe Tectona grandis Linn F. was introduced in Mato Grosso in the end of the sixties and new planting is made each year in the State with the aim of replacing native woods of noble use. Beyond the expectation of great future gains the teak plantations are, most of the time, made in the mosaic system. This system is certainly the greatest advantage of this wood species, which is conquering more space each year in the Mato Grosso economical set. For this project, information about teak was acquired from the cities of Santo Antonio do Leverger and Brasnorte. In this places, the plantations are the propriety of Brasteca e Berneck companies, respectively. These plantations were young - less than 11 years old. And the possibility of short crop allows the discussion of the importance of processing wood in small dimensions. Since there was no production planning of Tectona grandis in Mato Grosso, which would allow rapid wood stock determination, the need to study the structuring of production for this species arose. This project also aimed at establishing: the study of hypsometric relationship; the study of the site and the determination of the site index; the study of diameter, height, base area and volume growth by year and by hectare; the development of the artificial form factor; the making of volume tables, form factor tables and yield tables for regional use. The results achieved in this work were the followings: to model the growth, the Chapman-Richard s equation described efficiently the dominate height variable evolution within the time span analyzed. The model h = 1,390 − 0,063 ⋅ d + 0,448 ⋅ ln 2 d , was selected to explain the relationship between height and diameter. The volume was modeled with the equation log(v) = −4,141 + 1,781 ⋅ log(d ) + 0,974 ⋅ log(h). The following equation was that showed the best adjustment for artificial form factor ( ) ⎟⎠ ⎞ ⎜⎝ ⎛ ⋅ ⋅ + ⎟ ⎟⎠ ⎞ ⎜ ⎜⎝ ⎛ ⋅ − ⎟ ⎟⎠⎞⎜⎜⎝ ⎛= + ⋅d h ddddln f 0,774 0,697 ln 0,647 ln 0,199 ln 1 20,120,51,3 Finally, six curves of site index, between 10 and 20, was needed to describe the variation of the dominate height growth over the age in the index-age of 10 years. As a conclusion it was verified a greater growth of teak in the state of Mato Grosso in comparison with other countries. This demonstrates the importance of teak not only for the state of Mato Grosso but for the whole country.
A Tectona grandis Linn F. foi introduzida em Mato Grosso no final da década de sessenta e, a cada ano, novos plantios são realizados no estado com o intuito de substituir as madeiras nativas de uso nobre. Os plantios de teca são realizados, na sua maioria, em sistemas de mosaico, sendo este o maior ganho dessa espécie madeireira que, a cada ano, vem conquistando mais espaço no cenário econômico do estado de Mato Grosso. Para este estudo, foram realizados levantamentos em plantios de teca nos municípios de Santo Antônio do Leverger e Brasnorte, em propriedade das Empresas Brasteca e Berneck, respectivamente. Pode-se considerar os plantios estudados jovens, possuindo não mais que 11 anos de idade, com a possibilidade de rotações curtas que permitem a discussão da importância de se processar madeira com dimensão pequena. Tendo em vista a inexistência de tabelas de produção da Tectona grandis para o Mato Grosso que possibilitasse determinações rápidas do estoque de madeira e o planejamento da produção, originou-se a necessidade de estudar o crescimento e a produção para a espécie. Este estudo também teve por objetivo determinar: relação hipsométrica; estudo do sítio e determinação do índice de sítio; estudo do crescimento em diâmetro, altura, área basal e volume por hectare e idade; confecção de tabelas de volume, fator de forma artificial, produção para uso regional e comparar crescimento e produção com os de outros locais. Como resultados obtidos neste trabalho têm-se que: a equação de Chapman Richard s, testada para modelar o crescimento, descreveu de forma adequada e eficiente a evolução da variável altura dominante dentro do intervalo de idade analisado; para descrever a variação do crescimento da altura dominante sobre a idade, foram necessárias seis curvas de índice de sítio de 10 a 20, na idadeíndice de 10 anos; o modelo h = 1,390 − 0,063 ⋅ d + 0,448 ⋅ ln 2 d , foi o selecionado para explicar a relação entre altura e diâmetro; para estimar o volume, o modelo selecionado foi log(v) = −4,141 + 1,781 ⋅ log(d)+ 0,974 ⋅ log(h); para fator de forma artificial, ( ) ⎟⎠ ⎞⎜⎝⎛⋅⋅ + ⎟⎟⎠⎞⎜ ⎜⎝⎛⋅ − ⎟ ⎟⎠⎞⎜ ⎜⎝⎛= + ⋅d h ddddln f 0,774 0,697 ln 0,647 ln0,199 ln 1 20,120,51,3, foi a equação que apresentou melhor ajuste; Neste estudo foi verificado maior crescimento da teca em Mato Grosso quando comparado a outros países. Isso demonstra a importância dessa espécie não só para o estado, mas também para o país.
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郭奇峰. "The Influence of Brand Image on Purchasing Intention to Teak Furniture." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/89413069300770150859.
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HSIEH, CHIA-CHUN, and 謝家峻. "Customized Furniture Strategy and Competitiveness: The Case Study of Teak Furniture in Taiwan." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/5gw56n.
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碩士亞洲大學
EMBA高階經理碩士在職學位學程
107
The purpose of this study is to explore how to use innovative strategies and new retail model to create the competitiveness in the customized furniture industry. This study uses the five force analysis model to understand the competitive environment of the teak furniture industry, and this study uses case study to seek appropriate strategies to increase the competitiveness of the customized furniture industry. The results of the study show that the use of new wood materials can increase the acceptance of other consumers and reduce the dependence of teak wood species. Second, seeking other foreign famous chemical companies to order the paint and ordering it with the manufacturer can reduce the bargaining problem that arises when purchasing from the agent. Third, green furniture can reduce the bargaining space for buyers on the market.. Fourth, strengthening the company's professional level and production capacity, the competitors who want to join can not enter the market because their professionalism and production capacity cannot be compared. Fifth, the customized teak furniture service can meet the individual needs of customers. Therefore, it should be widely used to promote the characteristics of custom-made teak products, such as: promotion in new retail e-commerce platforms or social networking sites to enhance competitive advantage in order to create sustainable business value.
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Ho, Chang-Ying, and 何昌穎. "Exploring Tourists' Behavior Intentions for Mountaineering Photography--A Case Study of Yushan Main Teak." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/p2d8gz.
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碩士南華大學
旅遊管理學系旅遊管理碩士班
103
The fast development of digital camera and image record science and internet and technology has made photographing become an usual behavior of visitors. By good condition of national parks’ trail’ detailed signs of guidance, and perfect planning, mountain climbing turn into a very common diversion. As a result, mountaineering photography becomes a newly risen leisure travel activity. In this study, Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) proposed by (Ajzen, 2001) has been adopted to explore and resolve the visitors’ intention of mountaineering photography. Taking the most famous line trail of Yushan for example, which is also the case survey place, the visitors who carry the photography equipment are invited to fill out the structured questionnaire. Then using software like SPSS 18.0 for Windows and AMOS 18.0 for Windows to do the follow-up of the statistical data analysis. The results shows that the facet factors like Hikers’ attitude toward mountaineering photography, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control have a significantly positive effect on their intention of mountaineering photography. By this results, given some practical suggestion about the building of wild natural environment and the operation mode of the use of video for public and private managers, hiking or photography-related associations, travel agents of mountain climbing, and r related publishers.
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Chen, Yan-fu, and 陳彥甫. "Yushan Nation Park :the possidility of an air cable car from TATAKA area to Yushan main teak." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/04782603231186019027.
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碩士南華大學
旅遊事業管理學研究所
91
According to promote the governmental bill-『Plan for Double-Increase Tourist』and emphasize to utilize I-san National Park tourist attractions, we concluded the other transportation method after studied carefully several concerned reference books –which is Aerial Cable Car, transporting tourists from Tanaka to I-san’s deep natural environment tour. By using Aerial Cable Car, we could responseagainst tourist’s several desires and their visual experience to understand and realize National Park has been made a continuous efforts to the ecological preservation andit’s importance and furthermore it will be connected with the local tourist attractions and it promote the tourist industry. Our research estimation way is as follows;-1.Collecting Literature, understanding the similar cases to built the system. 2.Market research to the tourist, investigating the transportation market scale of Cable Car. 3-Ecxpert Research against the transportation route and system to select the best proposal. According the analysis of the market research and the scale of the Cable Car market, a large majority of tourist wish strongly to go to I’san and see the ecology of nature by the bird’s eye view repeatedly by Cable Car. Also a majority of tourist hope the management operation of Cable Car will be entrusted to the private in the future under the government’s control such as reasonable fair and offer a perfect tour information. This analysis also indicates us tourist’s age, education level, occupation, marriage situation and income will give a remarkable influence to the Cable Car Transportation market. In the research to the Expert, AHP system is accepted by considering the elements of the technique, the laws, the environment influence, the landscape and the finance etc., which will be transported the tourist and the a mountain climber at the same time using a shuttle system at the starting place-Tanaka tourist center through I’san’s west peak andreach to the North peak as a route. By our closer research, the installation of Cable Car is not only well accepted by themajority tourist expanding the market but Expert commented the operating route will give a satisfaction to the tourist and climber’s needs. Under the circumstances, Government could be considered a present touring policy to response the tourist’s hope considering an idea of what National Park of naturepreservation ought to be.
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Minn, Yazar. "Investigations of genetic variation of teak (Tectona grandis Linn. f.) in Myanmar for conservation and sustainable utilization of genetic resources." Doctoral thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-000D-F05B-0.
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Sandoval, M. Consuelo. "Movement and world view applying Labon movement analysis and Magoroh Maruyama's paradigms to the Comanche dance and lifestyle data in the three Tewa Pueblos /." 1985. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/12032949.html.
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