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Jose, Dr Bindu K., Dr V. V. Sudheendrakumar Dr. V. V. Sudheendrakumar, and Dr T. V. Sajeev Dr. T. V. Sajeev. "Can Chemical Traps Manage Teak Defoliator Outbreaks? Indications From Teak Leaf Chemistry." International Journal of Scientific Research 3, no. 2 (June 1, 2012): 23–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778179/feb2014/7.
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Misgiani, Misgiani, and Andi Munandar. "PEMBUATAN GAME EDUKASI MARBEL (MARI BELAJAR SAMBIL BERMAIN) HURUF TEGAK BERSAMBUNG." JOURNAL OF INFORMATICS AND COMPUTER SCIENCE 4, no. 2 (December 6, 2019): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.33143/jics.vol4.iss2.539.
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ABSTRAK Pemahama siswa dalam menulis huruf tegak bersambung masih rendah, mereka sulit membedakan huruf antara huruf kapital dengan huruf kecil bahkan saat ini tidak sedikit siswa yang belum bisa menulis huruf tegak bersambung. Salah satu upaya agar siswa dapat mengenal dan menulis huruf tegak bersambung adalah dalah dengan membuat sebuah game edukasi yang dapat memperkenalkan huruf tegak bersambung kepada siswa. metode penelitian lapangan merupakan metode yang dapat digunakan dalam untuk mengumpulkan data yang dilakukan dengan cara observasi dan wawancara. Pembuatan game ini edukasi ini diharapkan dapat memudahkan siswa dalam belajar menulis huruf tegak bersambung dan dapat menjadi alat bantu pendukung sebagai media pembelajaran.KATA KUNCI: Game Edukasi, Animasi, Huruf Tegak Bersambung
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Chaiya, Leardwiriyakool, Paiboolya Gavinlertvatana, Neung Teaumroong, Wasu Pathom-aree, Amornrat Chaiyasen, Rungroch Sungthong, and Saisamorn Lumyong. "Enhancing Teak (Tectona grandis) Seedling Growth by Rhizosphere Microbes: A Sustainable Way to Optimize Agroforestry." Microorganisms 9, no. 9 (September 19, 2021): 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9091990.
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With its premium wood quality and resistance to pests, teak is a valuable tree species remarkably required for timber trading and agroforestry. The nursery stage of teak plantation needs critical care to warrant its long-term productivity. This study aimed to search for beneficial teak rhizosphere microbes and assess their teak-growth-promoting potentials during nursery stock preparation. Three teak rhizosphere/root-associated microbes, including two teak rhizobacteria (a nitrogen-fixing teak root endophyte-Agrobacterium sp. CGC-5 and a teak rhizosphere actinobacterium-Kitasatospora sp. TCM1-050) and an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (Claroideoglomus sp. PBT03), were isolated and used in this study. Both teak rhizobacteria could produce in vitro phytohormones (auxins) and catalase. With the pot-scale assessments, applying these rhizosphere microbes in the form of consortia offered better teak-growth-promoting activities than the individual applications, supported by significantly increased teak seedling biomass. Moreover, teak-growth-promoting roles of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus were highly dependent upon the support by other teak rhizobacteria. Based on our findings, establishing the synergistic interactions between beneficial rhizosphere microbes and teak roots was a promising sustainable strategy to enhance teak growth and development at the nursery stage and reduce chemical inputs in agroforestry.
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Yulina, Henly, Rina Devnita, and Rachmat Harryanto. "RESPON BOBOT ISI, KEMANTAPAN AGREGAT, DAN POROSITAS TANAH PADA TANAMAN CABAI MERAH SETELAH VEGETATIF AKHIR TERHADAP KOMBINASI TERAK BAJA DAN BOKASHI SEKAM PADI PADA ANDISOL, LEMBANG." Agro Wiralodra 2, no. 1 (January 28, 2019): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.31943/agrowiralodra.v2i1.26.
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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui respon bobot isi, porositas, dan kemantapan agregat tanah pada tanaman cabai merah setelah vegetatif akhir terhadap kombinasi terak baja dengan bokashi sekam padi pada Andisol Lembang. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok Pola Faktorial dengan dua faktor. Faktor pertama terak baja dan faktor kedua bokashi sekam padi masing- masing 4 taraf : 0%, 2,5%, 5,0%, dan 7,5%, diulang dua kali. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak terjadi interaksi antara terak baja dengan bokashi sekam padi terhadap bobot isi dan porositas tanah, namun terak baja dan bokashi sekam padi berpengaruh mandiri terhadap kemantapan agregat tanah pada tanaman cabai merah setelah vegetatif akhir. Penurunan bobot isi dan peningkatan porositas tanah terbesar terjadi pada dosis 7,5% (b3), sedangkan penurunan kemantapan agregat tanah terbesar terjadi pada dosis 5,0% (t2) terak baja (4,38) dan dosis 7,5% (b3) bokashi sekam padi (3,25), namun dengan pemberian masing- masing dosis 2,5% pada terak baja (t1) dan bokashi sekam padi (b1) sudah dapat menurunkan nilai kemantapan agregat tanah
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Corriyanti, Corriyanti, and Novinci Muharyani. "The Opportunities and Challenges of Jati Plus Perhutani." Wood Research Journal 9, no. 1 (May 5, 2020): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.51850/wrj.2018.9.1.1-3.
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The teak breeding program has long been conducted by Perum Perhutani and produced superior teak and was named Teak Plus of Perhutani - Jati Plus Perhutani (JPP). With good silviculture practices, JPP-teak of 9 year-old can produce no less than 100 m³/ha, with ± 60 cm of tree circumstance. The high demand for teak wood is an opportunity to develop JPP-teak with fast growing character. Research shows that the quality of JPP wood of 5 and 10 years of age can be classified into Strength Class III. Although the quality of JPP-teak is not equal as the teak gets older, it can be improved through several methods, such as densification, thermal modification, etc. Durability of fast growing JPP-teak can be enhanced by additional treatment with natural or chemical material preservation. Wood color modification can be done through heat treatment method. The color change of JPP-teak of 5 years of age that looked more brownies with variation in value of color change (ΔE*) of 1.04 to 48.53. Modification technology influenced the properties of teak wood and it is an opportunity of JPP to gain added value as a renewable forest resource product. With teak forest area covering 1.7 million hectares, Perum Perhutani has challenges in developing JPP-teak with more added value.
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Sengupta, Indrani. "Optimal Rotation of Teak Plantation." Paripex - Indian Journal Of Research 2, no. 3 (January 15, 2012): 57–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22501991/mar2013/21.
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Dian Diani Tanjung, Heni Purnamawati, and Anas Dinurrohman Susila. "Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Buncis Tegak di Bawah Naungan di Dataran Rendah." Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy) 49, no. 2 (August 30, 2021): 199–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.24831/jai.v49i2.34430.
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Buncis tegak (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) berpotensi ditanam di dataran rendah dan menjadi tanaman sela, akan tetapi terkendala suhu tinggi dan intensitas cahaya rendah di bawah naungan yang mempengaruhi pertumbuhan tanaman. Tujuan penelitian adalah memperoleh informasi pertumbuhan dan hasil buncis tegak terkait adaptasinya terhadap naungan. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Pusat Kajian Hortikultura Tropika (PKHT) IPB, ketinggian tempat 250 m dpl, dari bulan Oktober 2019 hingga Januari 2020. Percobaan menggunakan rancangan petak tersarang dua faktor dengan empat ulangan. Faktor pertama tiga taraf naungan, yaitu 0, 25, dan 50%. Faktor kedua buncis tegak varietas Balitsa 2, Balitsa 3, dan buncis rambat Lebat 3 sebagai pembanding. Hasil menunjukkan ketiga varietas buncis baik tipe pertumbuhan tegak maupun rambat dapat ditanam di bawah naungan dengan naungan terbaik 25%. Tanaman buncis di bawah naungan 25% mampu mempertahankan jumlah daun, jumlah cabang, mempercepat umur berbunga, dan mempertahankan komponen hasil tetap optimal. Naungan pada buncis tegak meningkatkan tinggi tanaman dan diameter batang sehingga resiko rebah menurun. Varietas buncis tegak terbaik yang dapat tumbuh di dataran rendah adalah Balitsa 3 karena tanaman lebih tinggi, diameter batang besar, jumlah daun dan cabang lebih banyak, berbunga lebih cepat, serta komponen hasil besar.
Kata kunci: adaptasi, Balitsa, buncis tipe tegak, intensitas cahaya
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Winara, Aji. "Diversity of Soil Macrofauna on Teak (Tectona grandis) and Kimpul (Xanthosoma sangittifolium) Agroforestry." Jurnal Agroforestri Indonesia 3, no. 1 (July 2020): 9–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.20886/jai.2020.3.1.9-18.
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Soil macrofauna has an important role in the ecosystems and soil fertility. Agroforestry patterns have environmental benefits such as providing living space for biodiversity including soil macrofauna. This study aims to measure the influence of teak and kimpul agroforestry on the diversity of soil macrofauna. The study was conducted on teak and kimpul agroforestry demonstration plots in the KPH Yogyakarta in January 2019. The research method used was monolith and hand sorting techniques and the analysis was carried out descriptively using the species diversity index approach. The results showed that teak and kimpul agroforestry patterns did not affect on the diversity of species and density of soil macrofauna. The level of diversity of soil macrofauna in teak and kimpul agroforestry, teak monoculture and kimpul monoculture are low. The value of soil macrofauna diversity in teak and kimpul agroforests is higher than teak monoculture and kimpul monoculture. A total of five types of soil macrofauna were found in 12-year teak agroforestry, six types in 42-year teak agroforestry, five types in 12-year teak monoculture, eight types in 42-year teak monoculture and five types in kimpul monoculture. The dominant soil macrofauna are Microtermes sp. and Anomala sp.
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Peng, Peng Xiang, Kai Fu Li, Kun Nan Liang, and Kai Meng Xu. "A Comparative Study on Wood Properties of Teaks from Different Geographical Provenances." Advanced Materials Research 430-432 (January 2012): 508–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.430-432.508.
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In order to understand the effects of geographical provenances of teak on wood properties and improve the quality of afforestation in china, research was carried on wood properties of eight provenances of teak at age 27 in Ledong Country, Hainan Island. The slices revealed that the constructional characteristics from different geographical provenances of teak were very similar. But the effect of geographical provenance on teak wood properties was highly significant. The relationship results for properties of teak showed that properties of most wood species had the obvious relation with basic density, which can be used to guide the selection of the teak provenance in the early planting to improve the quality of teak.
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Hariastuti, Rahmaniah Mirza. "Permainan Tebak-tebak Buah Manggis: Sebuah Inovasi Pembelajaran Matematika Berbasis Etnomatematika." JMPM: Jurnal Matematika dan Pendidikan Matematika 2, no. 1 (March 3, 2017): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.26594/jmpm.v2i1.776.
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Saepudin, Asep. "Perkembangan dan Perubahan Tepak Kendang Jaipongan Suwanda dalam Masyarakat Urban." Journal of Urban Society's Arts 2, no. 1 (April 1, 2015): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.24821/jousa.v2i1.1265.
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Tulisan ini membahas perkembangan tepak kendang jaipongan karya Suwanda dilihat dari kontinuitas dan perubahannya terutama yang terjadi dalam masyarakat urban. Metode deskriptif analisis dengan pendekatan sejarah digunakan untuk mengungkap berbagai fenomena tepak kendang jaipongan, yaitu hadirnya notasi yang dibuat oleh para pengendang dan perubahan tepak kendang jaipongan dalam struktur, tempo, dinamika, embat, motif, serta fungsi. Berdasarkan hasil analisis dapat disimpulkan bahwa tepak kendang jaipongan karya Suwanda pada perkembangannya ditanggapi secara kreatif oleh para pengendang melalui kreativitasnya. Oleh karena itu, terdapat perbedaan motif tepak kendang antara hasil rekaman Suwanda di dalam kaset dengan fakta di lapangan ketika digunakan oleh para pengendang. Hal ini menyebabkan terjadinya perubahan dan kepunahan beragam tepak kendang jaipongan karya Suwanda di masyarakat.The Development and Changes of Suwanda’s Tepak Kendang Jaipongan in UrbanSociety. This paper discusses the development of Suwanda’s tepak kendang jaipongan,drumming strokes of jaipongan, seen from its continuity and changes, particularly forwhat has been found in urban society. The descriptive analysis method with historicalapproach is used to explore any various kind of phenomenon of drumming strokes ofjaipongan, among others are the presence of jaipongan notation created by the drummersas well as the changes in the structure of drumming strokes of jaipongan, tempo,dynamics, embat, motifs, and function. Based on the analysis it can be concluded that theSuwanda’s drumming strokes of jaipongan in its progress has been creatively respondedby the drummers through their creativity. Therefore, there is a significant differencebetween the motives of Suwanda’s drumming strokes recorded on tape with the facts oflive performance when they are used by the drummers. This led to the change and the extinction of various Suwanda’s jaipongan drumming strokes in the community.
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Ferianti, Fera, and Amir Hamzah. "Model Pembelajaran Cooperative Learning Tipe Tebak Kata Terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa Mata Pelajaran Bahasa Arab di MIN Kemu OKU Selatan." JIP: Jurnal Ilmiah PGMI 3, no. 2 (January 4, 2018): 134–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.19109/jip.v3i2.1647.
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Model pembelajaran Cooperative Learning tipe tebak kata adalah pembelajaran yang menggunakan media kartu teka-teki berpasangan dengan kartu jawaban teka-teki. Tebak kata dapat dijadikan model alternatif untuk mendorong siswa aktif dan belajar bekerjasama dengan pasangannya. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini bahwasanya hasil belajar siswa sebelum menggunakan metode Cooperative Learning tipe tebak kata masih sangat rendah. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan siswa yang mendapat nilai tinggi (58 keatas) pre-test sebanyak 5 orang (21,74%), nilai sedang (37-57) sebanyak 16 orang (69,56%), dan nilai rendah (36 kebawah) sebanyak 2 orang (8,7 %). Dan hasil belajar siswa sesudah diterapkannya model pembelajaran tebak kata yang memperoleh nilai tinggi (98 keatas) sebanyak 8 orang (34,78%), nilai sedang (88-97) sebanyak 7 orang (30,44%) dan mendapatkan nilai rendah (86 kebawah) sebanyak 8 orang (34,78%). Hasil uji hipotesis dalam penelitian ini menyatakan Ho tidak terdapat pengaruh dan Ha menyatakan terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan pada penerapan model pembelajaran Cooperative Learning tipe tebak kata terhadap hasil belajar siswa diterima. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari 2,07 < 17,42 > 2,82. Jadi dapat disimpulkan penerapan model pembelajaran Cooperative Learning tipe tebak kata dapat diandalkan sebagai metode yang baik untuk mengajarkan bahasa Arab.
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Yulina, Henly, Rina Devnita, and Rachmat Harryanto. "Pengaruh Terak Baja dan Bokashi Sekam Padi terhadap Kemantapan Agregat dan BiomassaTanaman Jagung pada Andisol, Lembang." Agro Wiralodra 1, no. 1 (January 1, 2018): 17–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.31943/agrowiralodra.v1i1.156.
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Andisol mempunyai sifat fisika tanah yang baik, namun bermasalah dengan retensi P. Pemberian amelioran untuk mengurangi retensi P, diharapkan dapat mempertahankan bahkan meningkatkan parameter fisika tanah tersebut. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui interaksi terak baja dengan bokashi sekam padi terhadap kemantapan agregat dan biomassa tanaman jagung manis pada Andisol Lembang. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok Pola Faktorial dengan dua faktor. Faktor pertama terak baja dan faktor kedua bokashi sekam padi masing- masing 4 taraf : 0%, 2,5%, 5,0%, dan 7,5%, diulang dua kali. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat interaksi antara terak baja dengan bokashi sekam padi terhadap kemantapan agregat tanah pada jagung manis setelah panen dan biomassa tanaman jagung manis. Kombinasi dosis 5,0% terak baja dan 7,5% bokashi sekam padi memberikan hasil terbaik terhadap kemantapan agregat tanah pada jagung manis setelah panen dan biomassa tanaman jagung manis, kombinasi 2,5% terak baja dan 7,5% bokashi sekam padi memberikan hasil terbaik.
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Mastap, Sushardi, Tibertius Agus Prayitno, Yustinus Suranto, and Ganis Lukmandaru. "Suitability of Teak Log Quality from Gunung Kidul and Bantul Yogyakarta Community Forest for Export Meubel Purpose." Journal of Sylva Indonesiana 4, no. 02 (August 30, 2021): 78–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/jsi.v4i02.6347.
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Natural defect or poor log quality are common in community teak forests. Furniture manufacturers typically use these log types for export purposes. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of community teak forest location and teak stand age affect on teak wood quality. Three teak forest locations were Bantul and two locations in Gunung Kidul. The teak stand age class namely 6, 8, and 10 years old. The data was analyzed using SPSS 20.0 with Tukey test. The result showed that brittleness defect, sapwood defect, and different wooden knot defects were significant in all locations, while log straightness defect was found only in Dlingo. Similarly, all teak stand age (6, 8, and 10 years old) also produced the same defects such as brittleness defect, sapwood defect, and wood knot defect, while the straightness defect at the age of 10 years old was different from to other two teak stand age (6 and 8-year-old). Average teak log defects were straightness defect 1.87-3.53%, brittleness defect 1.19–6.21%, sapwood defect 1.49-4.82 cm, and wood knot defect 5.10-11.46 cm. However, the teak log quality still met the SNI 7534.2-2010 and 7535.2-2010 as raw material for exporting furniture.
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Warto, Warto. "HUTAN JATI BERKALUNG BESI: PENGANGKUTAN KAYU JATI DI JAWA PADA AKHIR ABAD KE-19 DAN AWAL ABAD KE-20." SASDAYA: Gadjah Mada Journal of Humanities 1, no. 2 (August 28, 2017): 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/sasdayajournal.27781.
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Teak forests became one of the important resources in Java in the past. Teak forests did not only provide economic benefits for residents to fulfill their daily needs but also provided other benefits, especially in stabilizing the forest environment. However, the condition began to change when the teak forests exploited. In the 19th century and early 20th century, the environmental teak forests experienced degradation and deforestation that was difficult to control. The presence of teak logging companies at the end of the 19th century became the starting point of the accelerated deforestation. In running a business, they used modern tools that can simplify the process of harvesting and be transporting of teakwood. Some of the modern tools called trams and trains which were used to carry teak logs from the forests to shelters and ports. By utilizing modern transportation, teak woods can be transported quickly, accurately and massively. This paper shows that the opening of tram and train rail road’s in teak forests in addition to facilitating the transportation of goods and people, also led to the improvement and expansion of teak massive deforestation.
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Triwibowo, Dimas, Prabu Satria Sejati, Mohamad Gopar, Sudarmanto Sudarmanto, Fazhar Akbar, Deni Purnomo, Sukma Surya Kusumah, Yusup Amin, and Wahyu Dwianto. "Karakteristik Cross Laminated Timber (CLT) dari Kayu Jati Platinum Hasil Penjarangan dan Limbah Batang Kelapa Sawit (Characteristic of Cross Laminated Timber (CLT) from Thinned Platinum Teak and Oil Palm Stem Waste)." Jurnal Sylva Lestari 8, no. 3 (September 28, 2020): 340. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jsl38340-350.
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The aim of this study was to determine the physical and mechanical properties of Cross laminated timber (CLT) made from oil palm (Elaeis guineensis. Jacq) stem waste combined with thinned platinum teak (Tectona grandis ) wood. CLT was made into two types, namely CLT type A (teak-palm-teak) and CLT type B (teak-teak-teak). The CLT was 150 cm in length and 20 cm in width, with variation of the thickness of 3,0 cm, 4,5 cm, and 6,0 cm, and the glue spread of 300 g/m². The results showed that CLT type B has better physical and mechanical properties than CLT type A. Generally, CLT made of lamina with a thickness of 4,5 cm showed the best performance of physical and mechanical properties. Platinum teak and palm oil stem waste have the potential to be used as a source of CLT raw materials because of the moisture content, flexural modulus (MOE), and fracture modulus (MOR) that meet the JAS 1152 standard.Keywords: Cross laminated timber, platinum teak, oil palm stem, physical properties, mechanical properties
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Barton, Gregory A., and Brett M. Bennett. "Forestry as Foreign Policy: Anglo-Siamese Relations and the Origins of Britain's Informal Empire in the Teak Forests of Northern Siam, 1883–1925." Itinerario 34, no. 2 (July 30, 2010): 65–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115310000355.
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Nineteenth-century Europeans visiting Southeast and South Asia eulogised teak trees (Tectona grandis) for their value and beauty. Diplomatic diaries, travel memoirs, literary descriptions and geography books for children described the teak as a universal sovereign of the sylvan world, the regal “lord” of the forests. With dwindling supplies of oak in Britain, British elites saw teak as a vital component of the country's global naval supremacy in the nineteenth century. The fear of a dwindling supply of teak during the late eighteenth to the mid nineteenth centuries encouraged the creation of forestry departments and laws in British India that attempted to preserve the finite amount of teak in the sub-continent. Yet the finite ecologies of India and Burma could not supply all the teak required to fuel expanding demand. Britain would have to look beyond its formal empire in Asia to find more teak.
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Eliyani, E., I. Handoko, and Yonny Koesmaryono. "WATER DEFICIT EFFECT ON GROWTH OF YOUNG FAST GROWING TEAK (Tectona Grandis L.F.) (PENGARUH DEFISIT AIR TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN JATI EMAS MUDA)." Agromet 19, no. 1 (June 14, 2005): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/j.agromet.19.1.11-20.
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Teak (Tectona grandis L.f.) has been grown in Indonesia since the beginning of 14th century. Teak forests in Indonesia are found mainly on the island of Java, which cover an area of about 1 million ha (Indonesia Forest State Enterprise, 1992). Outside Java, the natural area of teak is Muna Island, Southeast Sulawesi (Simon, 1997). In some recent years, teak has been planted in some other islands of Indonesia from Sumatra to Papua mainly by private sectors and farmers. Some of these plantations are in areas that would have been considered marginal for teak growing two decades ago.<br />This phenomenon was encouraged by relatively new perception of teak planting as a commercially profitable venture, as well as by policy and legal changes. The rotation cycle of new high-intensity teak plantations is generally between 20 and 25 years which is three to four times shorter than for older low-intensity plantations (Nair & Souvannavong, 2000). Nowadays, the government does not control its harvesting and utilization for teak grown on private land.<br />However, information on growth response of this kind of teak to climate is very limited. The fast growth of this kind of teak needs a specific environment that could be different for the slow growing one. Its resistance to water deficit may not be as high as the slow growing one as its needs much water to cover its fast growth particularly in the early period of growth. This experiment was intended to analyze the effects of water deficit to the growth of young fast growing teak.
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Hadinata, Muhammad Effsal, and Paweł Kozakiewicz. "An investigation of selected properties of teak wood from 9-year-old plantation forest in Indonesia." Annals of WULS, Forestry and Wood Technology 110 (June 30, 2020): 61–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.3929.
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An investigation of selected properties of teak wood from 9-year-old plantation in Indonesia. Teak (Tectona grandis L.f) listed in standard EN 13556:2003 (code TEGR) is known as the most popular species in tropical countries, especially in Indonesia. It has not only good qualities in physical properties and mechanical properties, but it also has an aesthetics pattern. The best teak wood is usually more than 80 years old. It is too long a period of time and cannot fulfil the current wood demand. To fulfil the increasing demand, researchers in Indonesia have developed short rotation teak wood. However, the quality of this wood is rather low. The objectives of this study were to obtain complete information about mechanical, physical and acoustic properties of 9-year-old teak wood, to compare its properties with conventional teak wood and to evaluate the optimal utilization of 9 years-old teak wood based on its properties.
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Desmiwati, Desmiwati, Naning Yuniarti, Muhammad Zanzibar, Yulianti Bramasto, Ratna Uli Damayanti Sianturi, and Megawati Megawati. "Smallholders Perception on Mutation Breeding's Muna Teak Demonstration Plot in Cariu Private Forest." Jurnal Perbenihan Tanaman Hutan 9, no. 1 (December 31, 2021): 75–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.20886/bptpth.2021.9.1.75-86.
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Teak wood is the superior wood for carpentry, and the need for carpentry continues to increase in Indonesia. It has prompted various efforts to increase teak production, both in state forests and non-state forests. One of the efforts to increase teak production is using advanced science and technology, superior teak seedlings from mutation breeding. This study aims to describe smallholder's perception of the demonstration plot of Muna Teak from mutation breeding in the Cariu Private Forest, Bogor Regency. The research used two methods: Focused Group Discussion and semi-structured interviews by questionnaires. For the analysis, the study used the perceptual process framework) to explore the data from the two methods and present it descriptively. The result shows that smallholders had a good perception toward the mutation breeding Muna Teak demonstration plot. Smallholders can carry out intercropping (agroforestry) activities in the demonstration plot and increase their knowledge of forestry plant cultivation, especially teak. The activity provides an opportunity for smallholders to improve their welfare.
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Dewi, Swastika, Supriyadi Supriyadi, and Umar Santoso. "Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Teak (Tectona Grandis) Leaves as Food Packaging Material." Indonesian Food and Nutrition Progress 17, no. 2 (June 2, 2021): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ifnp.46786.
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Teak (Tectona grandis) leaves is commonly used as the packaging material of traditional food in Indonesia. This study aimed to determine the physical and chemical characteristics of teak leaves with various maturation stages to obtain information about the potency of teak leaves as active packaging material. The physical characteristics analysis including leaf color, thickness, and tensile strength, while chemical characteristics were moisture, fat content, fatty acid, and volatile profile. The results showed that the color, thickness, tensile strength, moisture, and fat content, were light green, 0.306±0.024 mm, 0.22±0.114 MPa, 74.93%, and 2.52% respectively for young teak leaves; while the mature has darker green, 0.388±0.001 mm, 0.36±0.163 MPa, 73.05%, and 2.54% respectively. The fatty acid profiles showed that young teak leaves contained 5 types of fatty acids, dominated by lignoceric acid; while mature teak leaves contained 9 types of fatty acids dominated by tricosanoic acid. The volatile components of young teak leaves e.g. acid and ester compounds, while the mature was dominated by acid and ether compounds. From the results, it is suggested that the use of teak leaves as active food packaging material can be scientifically justified.
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Latifah Azmi, Paramitha Retno Ramadhanti, Afreza Tamimi Hasibuan, and Waras Nurcholis. "Mini-Review: Antibacterial Products from Teak Leaf Extract (Tectona grandis L.)." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, SPL4 (December 21, 2020): 2481–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11ispl4.4502.
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Teak (Tectona grandis L.) is a plant that has a high resistance to weather changes and termite attacks. The dominant use of teak in the furniture industry left behind its leaf as agricultural waste (agro-waste). Several pharmacological activities have been identified in the teak leaf part. In this review article, the authors gathered information from previous studies regarding the potential use of teak leaf antibacterial compounds to be made into various antibacterial products, namely hand sanitizers, floor disinfectants, fruit and vegetable disinfectants, and deodorant. Literature searches are carried out through search engines and online journal databases. The results of the literature review show that there are at least eight antibacterial compounds from teak leaf that have been isolated, identified, and tested for their activity, namely anthratectone, naphthotectone, juglone, gallic acid, ellagic acid, rutin, quercetin, and sitosterol. Furthermore, it is known that the solvent that can be used for teak leaf extraction by providing the best antibacterial activity is ethanol. This information is used as a recommendation for optimization of teak leaf extraction as part of the author’s suggestion in making antibacterial products. In addition, previous research related to the use of ethanol extract from the teak leaf as an antibacterial product for liquid soap was also included. The study shows that the teak leaf extract liquid soap has promising activity compared to its comparable commercial soap, thereby strengthening the author's idea to utilize teak leaf extract as a component of the active ingredient of other antibacterial products, namely hand sanitizers, floor disinfectants, fruit and vegetable disinfectants, and deodorant.
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Darmawan, Wayan, Dodi Nandika, Rita Kartika Sari, Annisah Sitompul, Istie Rahayu, and Douglas Gardner. "Juvenile and mature wood characteristics of short and long rotation teak in Java." IAWA Journal 36, no. 4 (December 15, 2015): 428–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22941932-20150112.
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Teak wood (Tectona grandis) as an important forest resource in Indonesia has been processed to wood furniture in large quantities to fulfill an increasing need of both local and international consumers. To satisfy the increasing demand for wood products, teak wood has been supplied from the State forests (Perhutani) and Community teak plantations. Community teak has been harvested at shorter age rotations (7–10 years) than Perhutani teak (40–60 years). This paper discusses the occurrence and characteristics of juvenile wood in Perhutani and Community teak based on density, shrinkage, bending strength (modulus of rupture - MOR, modulus of elasticity - MOE), fiber length, and microfibril angle (MFA). A segmented modeling approach was used to find the juvenile mature transition. Fiber length and MFA appear to be good anatomical indicators of radial increment demarcation between juvenile and mature wood, although maturation radial increment varies slightly between the fiber length and MFA. The use of radial increment density, shrinkage, MOR, and MOE were not appropriate, because of low coefficients of determination and a large range of radial increment for transition from juvenile to mature wood. The maturations were estimated to start at radial increments 10 and 14 cm from the pith by fiber length, and 11 and 15 cm from the pith by MFA for Perhutani and Community teak, respectively. The projected figures for the proportion of juvenile wood at breast height for Perhutani and Community teak were 65% and 100%, respectively. The results also indicate that short-rotation Community teak was not remarkably inferior in shrinkage, MOE and MOR compared to Perhutani teak, although it was less dense, less attractive and less durable due to lower heartwood content. Therefore, careful attention should be given to the use of the Community teak in some wood-processing technologies.
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Yulina, Henly, Rina Devnita, and Rachmat Harryanto. "PENGARUH TERAK BAJA DAN BOKASHI SEKAM PADI TERHADAP KEMANTAPAN AGREGAT, BIOMASSA TANAMAN SERTA KORELASINYA PADA TANAMAN BROKOLI DI TANAH ANDISOL LEMBANG." Jagros : Jurnal Agroteknologi dan Sains (Journal of Agrotechnology Science) 2, no. 2 (June 1, 2018): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.52434/jagros.v2i2.436.
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Andisol mempunyai sifat fisika tanah yang baik, namun bermasalah dengan retensi P. Pemberian amelioran untuk mengurangi retensi P, diharapkan dapat mempertahankan bahkan meningkatkan parameter fisika tanah tersebut. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui interaksi terak baja dengan bokashi sekam padi terhadap kemantapan agregat, biomassa tanaman, serta hubungan kemantapan agregat dan biomassa tanaman brokoli pada Andisol Lembang. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok Pola Faktorial dengan dua faktor. Faktor pertama terak baja dan faktor kedua bokashi sekam padi masing- masing 4 taraf : 0%, 2,5%, 5,0%, dan 7,5%, diulang dua kali. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat interaksi antara terak baja dengan bokashi sekam padi terhadap kemantapan agregat tanah dan biomassa tanaman, namun terdapat hubungan antara kemantapan agregat dan biomassa tanaman brokoli.
Kata kunci : terak baja, bokashi sekam padi, kemantapan agregat, biomassa tanaman brokoli, Andisol
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Kato-Noguchi, Hisashi. "Phytotoxic Substances Involved in Teak Allelopathy and Agroforestry." Applied Sciences 11, no. 8 (April 7, 2021): 3314. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11083314.
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Teak (Tectona grandis L.f.) is one of the most valuable timber species, and is cultivated in agroforestry systems in many countries across the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. The species is also one of the most essential trees in home gardens in South Asia due to its wood quality and medicinal value in folk remedies. It is a deciduous tree species, and the amount of litter that falls from teak trees is huge. The decomposition rate of the litter is relatively fast in tropical humid conditions. The interactions between teak and weeds, or crops, under the teak trees have been evaluated in terms of allelopathy. Evidence of allelopathy is documented in the literature over the decades. The leachate and extracts of teak leaves suppress the germination and growth of several other plant species. Phytotoxic substances, such as phenolics, benzofurans, quinones, terpens, apocarotenoids and phenylpropanoids, in the teak leaves, were isolated and identified. Some phytotoxic substances may be released into the soil under teak trees from leaf leachate and the decomposition of the litters, which accumulate by annual leaf fall and can affect the germination and growth of undergrowth plant species as allelopathic substances. The allelopathy of teak is potentially useful for weed management options in agroforestry and other agriculture systems to reduce commercial herbicide dependency. It was also reported that agroforestry systems with teak enhance income through the production of crops and woods, and provide energy efficiency for crop cultivation.
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Huang, Guihua, Kunnan Liang, Zaizhi Zhou, Guang Yang, and Enarth Muralidharan. "Variation in Photosynthetic Traits and Correlation with Growth in Teak (Tectona grandis Linn.) Clones." Forests 10, no. 1 (January 10, 2019): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10010044.
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In order to interpret the patterns of genetic variation of photosynthesis and the relationships with growth traits within gene resources of teak (Tectona grandis Linn.), gas exchange, and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, growth traits of plants in nursery and field trials were measured for 20 teak clones originated from different countries. The results show that there was abundant genetic variation in gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence, and growth among the teak clones. The measured traits were found to have generally high heritability (h2) except for intercellular concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) (Ci). The net photosynthetic rate (Pn), seedling height, and individual volume of wood were significantly correlated with each other, and seedling height was significantly correlated with plant height in field trials, suggesting that Pn and seedling height can be useful in teak breeding. Teak clones 7029, 71-5, 7219, 7412, and 7122, and provenances 3070, 3074, and 3071 had higher photosynthetic rates, and can be regarded as a key resource in teak improvement programs. This work provides useful information for teak breeding and germplasm resource management.
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Bakrie, Ismail. "Teknik Pengukuran Kayu Gelondongan Untuk Menghasilkan Volume Optimal." AGRIFOR 19, no. 2 (October 1, 2020): 367. http://dx.doi.org/10.31293/af.v19i2.4823.
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Pengukuran dan pengujian kayu bulat merupakan salah satu kunci utama didalam kegiatan pengusahaan hutan yang menjadi penentu penetapan besarnya pungutan dan devisa negara dari sektor kehutanan.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan gambaran serta informasi metode atau cara pengukuran diameter kayu Bulat yang efektif dan efisien didalam penetapan besarnya volume kayu bulat dan dapat mengetahui metode atau cara pengukuran diameter kayu bulat mana yang mendekati ukuran sebenarnya.Pemilihan sampel kayu bulat yang akan dijadikan objek penelitian dilakukan langsung di TPK dengan jumlah sebanyak 50 batang, yang ukuran ditetapkan seragam yaitu panjang 8 meter dengan diameter antara 40-60 Cm. Untuk mengetahui metode pengukuran diameter yang terbaik maka dipilih 3(tiga) metode pengukuran sebagai pendekatan, yaitu pada diameter bontos terpanjang dan terpendek, terpendek dan tegak lurusnya serta terpanjang dan tegak lurusnya, kemudian pengukuran secara manual sebagai kontrol.Sesuai hasil penelitian maka diperoleh kenyataan bahwa hasil pengukuran/ perhitungan luas bontos secara manual (kontrol) diperoleh rata-rata perhitungan volume sebesar 1,71 m3, sedangkan pengukuran/perhitungan dengan menggunakan ketiga metode diperoleh hasilo sebagai berikut: (1) metode terpanjang dan terpendek 1,76 m3, terpendek dan tegak lurus terpendek 1,72 m3 serta terpanjang dan tegak lurus terpanjang sebesar 1,79 m3.Dari hasil uji perbandingan dengan metode uji t, yaitu membandingkan volume yang diperoleh dari hasil pengukuran luas bontos dengan cara manual (kontrol) dengan volume yang diperoleh dari hasil pengukuran luas permukaan bontos yang diperoleh dengan metode terpanjang dan terpendek, serta terpanjang dan tegak lurus terpanjang menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan, sedangkan jika dibandingkan dengan metode pengukuran diameter terpendek dan tegak lurus terpendek hasilnya adalah berbeda tidak signifikan.Dengan demikian maka metode pengukuran diameter untuk menentukan volume kayu bulat yang paling mendekati nilai yang sebenarnya adalah metode pengukuran diameter pada jarak terpendek dan tegak lurus jarak terpendek.
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Flora babang, Veramyta Maria martha, Maria Andriani Barek Ladjar, and Lukas Maria Boleng. "The Influence Of Reciprocal Teaching Style, Exercises And Command On The Learning Outcomes Of Pencak Silat Tepak Paleredan." Kinestetik : Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Jasmani 4, no. 2 (September 4, 2020): 8–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.33369/jk.v4i2.11467.
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This study aims to compare reciprocal teaching styles influence, exercises and command on learning outcomes of pencak silat paleredan. Experimental research method with Pretest-Posttest Group Design research design. Samples that fulfilled the requirements were 38 people. The research found that 1) the influences of Teaching Style Reciprocal toward Learning Results Pencak Silat Tepak Paleredan, 2) There is the influence of Teaching Style Exercise on Learning Outcomes Pencak Silat Tepak Paleredan, 3) influences of Teaching Style Command on Learning Outcomes Pencak Silat Tepak Paleredan, 4) The teaching exercises style have more significant impact on learning outcomes martial test Tepak Paleredan compared Reciprocal teaching style and Command. Then it can be concluded that the three teaching styles have a significant influence on the learning outcomes of the Paleredan Pencak silat in the Universitas Nusa Cendana Penjaskesrek Academic Year 2019/2020
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Mendell, Jay S. "Two Teak Cabinets." Public Voices 1, no. 3 (April 11, 2017): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.22140/pv.471.
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Bureaucracy humiliates a young anthropology professor by forcing her to occupy a laboratory, though she believes her predecessor lies dead in that very laboratory within a locked cabinet. By studying her predecessor's singular resourcefulness and aggressiveness, Dr. Ewing Jones learns to vanquish the academic bureaucrats, gain control of her workspace, win respect from her colleagues, and inflict especially sordid punishment on her opponents.
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Marsoem, Sri Nugroho, Vendy Eko Prasetyo, Joko Sulistyo, Sudaryono, and Ganis Lukmandaru. "Studi Mutu Kayu Jati di Hutan Rakyat Gunungkidul IV. Sifat Mekanika Kayu." Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan 9, no. 2 (March 23, 2016): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jik.10197.
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Sifat mekanika dari kayu gergajian adalah persyaratan terpenting dalam banyak penerapan khususnya untuk keperluan konstruksi. Paper ini merupakan lanjutan dari penelitian sifat fisika kayu di tiga tempat tumbuh (Panggang, Playen, Nglipar) hutan rakyat Kabupaten Gunungkidul. Pengujian sifat mekanika dilakukan mengacu pada British Standards 373:57. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kayu yang diteliti termasuk dalam kelas kuat II-III. Dari perhitungan analisis varian, tempat tumbuh berpengaruh nyata pada modulus patah (MoR) keteguhan lengkung statik, keteguhan tekan tegak lurus serat maksimum, keteguhan geser, dan kekerasan. Secara keseluruhan, kecuali untuk nilai MoR, sampel kayu dari Nglipar memberikan nilai kekuatan yang lebih tinggi. Pengaruh arah aksial dan radial pohon secara umum tidak begitu terlihat pada semua parameter kekuatan kecuali di keteguhan belah. Meskipun berkorelasi secara linier, hanya korelasi moderat yang diamati dari hubungan sifat mekanika (MoR/keteguhan geser) dan kerapatan dasar. Tidak ada korelasi nyata antara kerapatan dasar dan modulus elastisitas keteguhan lengkung statik serta antara kerapatan dasar dan keteguhan tekan sejajar serat maksimum.Kata kunci: Tectona grandis, sifat mekanika, kerapatan dasar, hutan rakyat, Gunungkidul. A study of teak wood quality from community forests in Gunungkidul IV. Mechanical PropertiesAbstractMechanical properties of sawn timber are the most important characteristics in many applications, particularly for structural timber. The previous paper in this series reported on the physical properties of teak trees at different sites (Panggang, Playen, Nglipar) from community forests in Gunungkidul regency. In this study, the mechanical properties were evaluated according to British Standards 373:57. The results showed that the timber were classified in the II-III of strength class. By analysis of variance, site factor affected the values of modulus of rupture (MoR) in statical bending strength, maximum compression perpendicular to grain strength, shear strength and hardness. In general, except for MoR, the wood samples from Nglipar gave higher strength levels. Except for cleavage strength, the effects of the axial and radial position of the tree on mechanical properties were mostly negligible. Although linearly related, only modest correlations were observed between the mechanical parameters (MoR/shear strength) and basic density. No significant correlation was found between the values of basic density and modulus of elasticity of static bending strength as well as between basic density and the strength of maximum compression parallel to grain.
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Matangaran, Juang Rata, and Romadoni Anggoro. "LIMBAH PEMANENAN JATI DI BAYUWANGI JAWA TIMUR." PERENNIAL 8, no. 2 (October 1, 2012): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.24259/perennial.v8i2.221.
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Harvesting teak in Java always causes wood waste in the forest. The objectives of this research were to identify the shape of wood waste generated from teak harvesting activities and to determine their recovery and residual factors. The research was conducted at teak forest of Stated Owned Company (Perum Perhutani) at Banyuwangi East Java with the sampling intensity of 10 % using whole tree method. Measurement of wood waste was performed at thinning and clearcutting compartment of teak stand. The result of the study showed that the shapes of wood waste consisted of broken stem, decay wood, short trimming, branch and twig , stump, and irregular wood shape. The recovery and residual factors of the teak harvesting utilization were 79.61 % and 20.39%, respectively. Most of the wood waste were utilized by the local community for energy sources. Key words: Recovery factor, residual factor, teak, wood waste
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Wattana, Wassachol, Nattaya Montri, Manussavee Wongjanakul, Yingyot Naratta, and Sansanee Duangjinda. "Influence of blending proportions of Teak Sawdust and Cajuput leaves on characteristics of biomass pellets." E3S Web of Conferences 187 (2020): 03001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202018703001.
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Fuel pellets made from biomass is considered as a solid fuel that is also an alternative fuel which can substitute for the current fuels and can be considered as a fuel that has sustainable production. This research is the study of the production of fuel pellets from Teak sawdust blends with Cajuput leaves at five proportions by weight of Teak sawdust 100%, Cajuput leaves 100%, Teak sawdust 75% +Cajuput leaves 25%, Teak sawdust 50% +Cajuput leaves 50%, Teak sawdust 25% +Cajuput leaves 75% . The pellets were produced by a grinding and pelleting machine at three different speeds of 200, 250, and 300 rpm. After that, the quality of fuel pellets was evaluated by the physical properties as pellet dimensions, particles and bulk density, as well as moisture content and durability. The results show that blending proportion of Teak sawdust 75% and Cajuput leaves 25% provided the appropriate fuel pellet properties.
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Kayama, Masazumi, Suchat Nimpila, Sutjaporn Hongthong, Reiji Yoneda, Woraphun Himmapan, and Iwao Noda. "Effect of Bentonite on the Early Growth Characteristics of Teak Seedlings Planted in Sandy Soil in Northeast Thailand—A Pilot Study." Forests 12, no. 1 (December 28, 2020): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12010026.
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The growth of teak (Tectona grandis L. f.) seedlings in sandy soil in northeast Thailand is suppressed by infertility and drought stress. In a preliminary field pot experiment, we confirmed that bentonite was useful for increasing soil water availability. To monitor early growth characteristics of teak seedlings in sandy soil, we curried out an experiment of teak seedlings using bentonite and fertilizer in the field from July 2014 to November 2015. We then compared the growth, biomass, photosynthetic rate, leaf water potential, and concentration of elements in the plant organs among the four treatments. Bentonite increased both soil pH and Ca during the experimental period, and retained P in fertilizer. The dry mass of teak seedlings was markedly increased by concurrent use of bentonite and fertilizer. However, the use of bentonite alone showed little increase of dry mass of teak seedlings. Moreover, application of bentonite was mitigated drought stress in dry season, and photosynthetic rate showed high value by high concentration of chlorophyll. The concentration of K in root of teak seedlings was increased by application of bentonite, and its value showed positive correlation with the relative growth rate of teak seedlings. We concluded that bentonite was useful for the uptake of K and retention of P in fertilizer, as a result, growth of teak seedlings was accelerated.
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Lestari, Puji, Ridla Arifriana, and Handojo Hadi Nurjanto. "Responds of Superior Teak (Tectona grandis) on Different Sulphur Concentrations." Jurnal Sylva Lestari 7, no. 2 (May 28, 2019): 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jsl27128-138.
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The tree improvement program has invented superior teak with an ability to improve its productivity. Yet the information about basic nutrient requirement of superior teak is less known. This study aimed to determine the optimal concentration of sulfur for the best growth of superior teak seedling and to identify the morphological symptoms of teak seedlings affected by several concentration levels of S. This study was conducted at a nursery on six months old teak seedlings. The experimental design was Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four different solution treatments with three replication each. The treatments are K (control, aqua dest does not contain nutrients), S0 (solution contains nutrients except sulfur), S1 (solution contains nutrients with 0,5 full strength of S), and S2 (solution contains nutrients with full strength of S). Each treatment was replicated 3 times. Parameter observed included the height of seedling, the diameter of seedling, the nodal distance of seedling, the number of leaves, size of leaves and morphological symptoms of leaf. The results showed that at a concentration of nitrogen (N), phosphor (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg) in full strength level, superior teak seedling which treated by S1 (S concentration of 421 ppm) resulted in the best growth. However, the morphology of teak leaves in all treatment showed abnormal.Keywords: growth, morphology, sulfur, superior teak
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Damayanti, Ratih, Barbara Ozarska, I. Ketut N. Pandit, Fauzi Febrianto, and Gustan Pari. "Wood Properties of 5-year-old Fast Grown Teak." Wood Research Journal 9, no. 2 (May 13, 2020): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.51850/wrj.2018.9.2.29-34.
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Jati Unggul Nusantara (JUN) is one of fast growing plantation teak that has been widely cultivated in Indonesia. This teak has been developed to be harvested after 5 years when its diameter reaches 25-32 cm (diameter at breast high). The diameter of JUN is usually three times larger than the conventional plantation teak (teak cultivated from seed) at the same age, and the same as 30-40 year-old mature teak. Preliminary research was conducted to determine anatomical and selected physical properties of 5-year-old JUN teak, as well as its suitability for furniture production. The results revealed that wood color, texture, and grain pattern of JUN were slightly different from the mature conventional teak. The length of fiber cells was similar as in the mature teak. There were differences in ultramicroscopic structure of JUN: the mean micro fibril angle was narrower, and the crystallites degree was larger. Shrinkage values from green to 12% moisture content were: 0.70 (radial-R) and 1.62 (tangential-T), and from green to oven dry were 1.59 (R) and 3.29 (T). T/R ratio was 2.34. Specific gravity in air dry condition was 0.52. Based on the research results it appears that 5-year-old JUN may be suitable for the production of medium quality furniture products. More research is required to investigate and enhance the properties of JUN for high quality products.
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Poningsih, Poningsih. "Design of the expert system to analyze disease in Plant Teak using Forward Chaining." International Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research 1, no. 1 (June 2, 2017): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.29099/ijair.v1i1.11.
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Teak is one kind of plant that is already widely known and developed by the wider community in the form of plantations and community forests. This is because until now Teak wood is a commodity of luxury, high quality, the price is expensive, and high economic value. Expert systems are a part of the method sciences artificial intelligence to make an application program disease diagnosis teak computerized seek to replace and mimic the reasoning process of an expert or experts in solving the problem specification that can be said to be a duplicate from an expert because science knowledge is stored inside a database Expert System for the diagnosis of disease teak using forward chaining method aims to explore the characteristics shown in the form of questions in order to diagnose the disease teak with web-based software. Device keel expert system can recognize the disease after consulting identity by answering some of the questions presented by the application of expert systems and can infer some kind of disease in plants teak. Data disease known customize rules (rules) are made to match the characteristics of teak disease and provide treatment solutions.
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Renvillia, Rega, Afif Bintoro, and Melya Riniarti. "Penggunaan Air Kelapa Untuk Setek Batang Jati (Tectona Grandis)." Jurnal Sylva Lestari 4, no. 1 (April 7, 2016): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jsl1461-68.
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Teak plant wasa treewhich timber has durability classI and strong class I. It hasmany benefits, from roots to leaves. Variousbenefits of teak causing to do cultivation, one of propagation activities that often carried out was vegetative. Vegetative propagation of plants can be done bystem cutting, root cutting and shoot cutting. Using of growth regulator with coconut water immersion is expected to spur the growth rootofteak stem cutting. This study aimed to determine the effect of using coconut water to increase the success of teak stem cuttinggrowth, andto determine the best dose of using coconut water forteak stem cutting growth. This treatment used Completely Randomized Design(CRD). This research consisted of five treatments that usedcoconut water treatment 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%. Each treatmentconsisted of five teak stem cuttings with repetition as much as 5 times. Amount ofmaterial plants required 5 x 5 x 5 = 125 teak stem cuttings. The resultshowed by using coconut wateras a growth regulator could increasethe growth of teak (Tectona grandis) stem cuttingin 50%--100% concentration and the best dose of coconut water asa growth regulator was 100%. Keywords : coconut water, cutting, dose, growth regulator, teak
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Pattiwael, Maya. "Analisis Tingkat Kerusakan Tanaman Jati (Tectona grandis L.f) Akibat Serangan Hama di Kelurahan Klamalu Distrik Mariat Kabupaten Sorong." Daun: Jurnal Ilmiah Pertanian dan Kehutanan 5, no. 2 (December 16, 2018): 89–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.33084/daun.v5i2.465.
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Teak (Tectona grandis L.f) is one of the tropical plants that have high economic value. Teak plants are also often attacked by various types of pests, which results in a decrease in the quality and quantity of growth and yield. This research was conducted aimed at identifying the types of pests that damage the leaves of teak plants and determine the intensity of damage and frequency of pest attacks on teak plants located in Klamalu Village, Mariat District, Sorong Regency. Data retrieval is done by dividing five simple random lines, five plots taken as samples. The results showed several types of pests that attacked teak plants namely grasshoppers, aphids, teak leaf caterpillars, and white mites, with an average damage intensity due to the attack of locust pests 28.93% classified as moderate damage, caterpillar pest attack 22.53 % was classified as a criterion of mild impairment, 6.8% white flea pest attacks classified as criteria for minor damage and infestation attacks 5.7% were classified as criteria for minor damage. The frequency of attacks for each type of pest is Grasshopper Pests 35.2%, Teak Leaf Caterpillar Pests 30.4%, White Louse Pests 8.8% and Leaf Louse Pests by 4%
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Kusumawardani, Mila, Zulfa Anggraini Kusumaningtyas, Farida Arinie, and Ridho hendra yoga perdana. "Telemonitoring Perkecambahan Benih Jati Emas Dengan Induksi Medan Magnet Statis." Journal of Applied Smart Electrical Network and Systems 2, no. 01 (June 30, 2021): 8–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.52158/jasens.v2i01.180.
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In the cultivation of teak plants often have problems because teak seeds have a thick and hard skin or impermiabel (difficult to penetrate) to water and gas so as to slow germination. The magnetic field can increase the growth rate in inactive seed seeds because the magnetic field affects the physical and chemical properties of water as a germination medium. Water exposed by the magnetic field can be absorbed easily with tissues in the seeds, thus shortening seed dormancy and increasing the percentage of seed germination. This study aims to understand the growth process of dormancy seed germination, To know the influence of magnetic fields on the growth of teak seed seeds, as a solution to the problem of seed dormancy in teak seed seeds. Therefore, the method used in this study is to provide exposure to teak seeds and make tools for monitoring teak growth in real time with the parameters of planting media moisture (to see the absorption of water) and high seeds (for the growth of teak seeds), so that used YL69 sensor for soil moisture and sharp infrared sensor gp2y0a02yk0f for high plants.
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Djuariah, Diny, Rini Rosliani, Helmi Kurniawan, and Liferdi Lukman. "Seleksi dan Adaptasi Empat Calon Varietas Unggul Buncis Tegak untuk Dataran Medium." Jurnal Hortikultura 26, no. 1 (June 26, 2016): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/jhort.v26n1.2016.49-58.
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Buncis merupakan salah satu sayuran yang mempunyai peranan penting sebagai sumber gizi masyarakat dan sebagai sumber ekonomi. Rerata hasil buncis masih rendah (< 15 t/ha). Salah satu cara untuk meningkatkan produksi buncis baik kuantitas maupun kualitas, yaitu melalui penggunaan benih bermutu tinggi. Benih bermutu tinggi dapat berupa varietas unggul baru buncis tegak, yang sampai saat ini belum ada varietas yang didaftar. Skrining kultivar-kultivar buncis tegak telah dilakukan dan menghasilkan empat kultivar yang menunjukkan hasil yang baik. Hasil dari uji pendahuluan dan uji lanjutan menunjukkan ternyata buncis tegak cocok untuk dikembangkan di dataran medium dan dataran rendah sampai 200 m dpl. Oleh karena itu, sebagai syarat untuk pendaftaran varietas telah dilakukan uji keunggulan di tiga lokasi dataran medium dan dua musim tanam. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendapatkan varietas unggul buncis tegak untuk dataran medium, kualitas baik (seragam, renyah, dan polong hijau terang) dan produksi tinggi (> 20 t/ha). Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan ialah acak kelompok dengan enam perlakuan dan empat ulangan. Perlakuan terdiri atas lima nomor yang diuji, yaitu Le - 02, Le - 44, Balitsa 1, Balitsa 2, dan Balitsa 3 serta BC 02 sebagai pembanding. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Balitsa 1, Balitsa 2, dan Balitsa 3 merupakan varietas unggul buncis tegak untuk dataran medium yang disukai konsumen dan produksi lebih besar, masing-masing 16,25 t/ha, 19,50 t/ha, dan 19,71 t/ha. Dari hasil kegiatan uji keunggulan ini didapat tiga calon varietas unggul buncis tegak berkualitas baik dan produksi tinggi dan beralasan untuk didaftarkan.
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Djuariah, Diny, Rini Rosliani, Helmi Kurniawan, and Liferdi Lukman. "Seleksi dan Adaptasi Empat Calon Varietas Unggul Buncis Tegak untuk Dataran Medium." Jurnal Hortikultura 26, no. 1 (June 26, 2016): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/jhort.v26n1.2016.p49-58.
Full textAbstract:
Buncis merupakan salah satu sayuran yang mempunyai peranan penting sebagai sumber gizi masyarakat dan sebagai sumber ekonomi. Rerata hasil buncis masih rendah (< 15 t/ha). Salah satu cara untuk meningkatkan produksi buncis baik kuantitas maupun kualitas, yaitu melalui penggunaan benih bermutu tinggi. Benih bermutu tinggi dapat berupa varietas unggul baru buncis tegak, yang sampai saat ini belum ada varietas yang didaftar. Skrining kultivar-kultivar buncis tegak telah dilakukan dan menghasilkan empat kultivar yang menunjukkan hasil yang baik. Hasil dari uji pendahuluan dan uji lanjutan menunjukkan ternyata buncis tegak cocok untuk dikembangkan di dataran medium dan dataran rendah sampai 200 m dpl. Oleh karena itu, sebagai syarat untuk pendaftaran varietas telah dilakukan uji keunggulan di tiga lokasi dataran medium dan dua musim tanam. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendapatkan varietas unggul buncis tegak untuk dataran medium, kualitas baik (seragam, renyah, dan polong hijau terang) dan produksi tinggi (> 20 t/ha). Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan ialah acak kelompok dengan enam perlakuan dan empat ulangan. Perlakuan terdiri atas lima nomor yang diuji, yaitu Le - 02, Le - 44, Balitsa 1, Balitsa 2, dan Balitsa 3 serta BC 02 sebagai pembanding. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Balitsa 1, Balitsa 2, dan Balitsa 3 merupakan varietas unggul buncis tegak untuk dataran medium yang disukai konsumen dan produksi lebih besar, masing-masing 16,25 t/ha, 19,50 t/ha, dan 19,71 t/ha. Dari hasil kegiatan uji keunggulan ini didapat tiga calon varietas unggul buncis tegak berkualitas baik dan produksi tinggi dan beralasan untuk didaftarkan.
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Hidayati, Fanny, Isti Tamira Fajrin, Muhammad Rosyid Ridho, Widyanto Dwi Nugroho, Sri Nugroho Marsoem, and Mohammad Na'iem. "Sifat Fisika dan Mekanika Kayu Jati Unggul "Mega" dan Kayu Jati Konvensional yang di Tanam di Hutan Pendidikan, Wanagama, Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta." Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan 10, no. 2 (November 21, 2016): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jik.16510.
Full textAbstract:
Kebutuhan kayu jati semakin meningkat dari tahun ke tahun seiring dengan peningkatan jumlah penduduk dan taraf hidup masyarakat. Di lain pihak, jati merupakan salah satu jenis dengan rotasi umur yang panjang. Selain itu, ketersediaan kayu jati dari Perum Perhutani belum mampu memenuhi kebutuhan kayu jati untuk industri. Oleh sebab itu, berbagai upaya telah dilakukan untuk mengatasi masalah ini. Salah satunya adalah dengan kegiatan pemuliaan pohon, dimana dalam kegiatan ini dihasilkan bibit unggul dengan sifat pertumbuhan superior. Akan tetapi, informasi mengenai sifat-sifat kayunya masih sangat terbatas, sehingga penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan informasi mengenai sifat-sifat kayu terutama sifat fisika (kadar air, berat jenis, dan penyusutan) dan mekanika (kekuatan lengkung statis dan kekuatan tekan) serta variasi aksial kayu jati unggul tersebut pada umur yang masih muda yakni 11 tahun yang ditanam di Hutan Pendidikan Wanagama, Gunungkidul Yogyakarta dan dibandingkan dengan jati konvensional umur 14 tahun yang ditanam di lokasi yang sama. Sebagai hasilnya, sifat fisika kayu tidak berbeda nyata antara kayu jati unggul dan kayu jati konvensional, kecuali kadar air segar. Untuk sifat mekanika kayu, kekuatan lengkung statis (MOR dan MOE) serta kekuatan tekan sejajar serat berbeda nyata antara kayu jati unggul dan jati konvensional, sedangkan untuk kekuatan tekan sejajar serat tidak berbeda nyata.Kata kunci: jati unggul, jati konvensional, sifat fisika, sifat mekanika, umur muda AbstractDemand of teak wood increases every year along the increase of human population and prosperity. On the other hand, teak is one of the long rotation tree species. Furthermore, the avaibility of teak from the Perum Perhutani as the biggest teak plantation company is not enough to fulfill the demand of teak wood from wood industry. Therefore, many efforts have been conducted to solve this problem, such as by tree breeding program. In Indonesia, this program only focused in the growth characteristics. However, information of wood properties of superior teak is still limited in Indonesia. Therefore, the aim of this research was to clarify the physical and mechanical characteristics of superior teak wood (11-year-old) and compared with the conventional teak (14-year-old) planted in Wanagama Forest, Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta and its longitudinal variation. As the results, physical properties were not significantly different between superior teak and conventional teak, except for green moisture content. Bending strength (MOR dan MOE) and compression strength parallel to grain were significantly different between superior and conventional teak. In addition, compressive strength perpendicular to grain was not significantly different between superior and conventional teak.
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Song, Layheang, Laurie Boithias, Oloth Sengtaheuanghoung, Chantha Oeurng, Christian Valentin, Bounthan Souksavath, Phabvilay Sounyafong, et al. "Understory Limits Surface Runoff and Soil Loss in Teak Tree Plantations of Northern Lao PDR." Water 12, no. 9 (August 19, 2020): 2327. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12092327.
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Many mountainous regions of the humid tropics experience serious soil erosion following rapid changes in land use. In northern Lao People’s Democratic Republic (PDR), the replacement of traditional crops by tree plantations, such as teak trees, has led to a dramatic increase in floods and soil loss and to the degradation of basic soil ecosystem services such as water filtration by soil, fertility maintenance, etc. In this study, we hypothesized that conserving understory under teak trees would protect soil, limit surface runoff, and help reduce soil erosion. Using 1 m2 microplots installed in four teak tree plantations in northern Lao PDR over the rainy season of 2017, this study aimed to: (1) assess the effects on surface runoff and soil loss of four understory management practices, namely teak with no understory (TNU; control treatment), teak with low density of understory (TLU), teak with high density of understory (THU), and teak with broom grass, Thysanolaena latifolia (TBG); (2) suggest soil erosion mitigation management practices; and (3) identify a field visual indicator allowing a rapid appraisal of soil erosion intensity. We monitored surface runoff and soil loss, and measured teak tree and understory characteristics (height and percentage of cover) and soil surface features. We estimated the relationships among these variables through statistics and regression analyses. THU and TBG had the smallest runoff coefficient (23% for both) and soil loss (465 and 381 g·m−2, respectively). The runoff coefficient and soil loss in TLU were 35% and 1115 g·m−2, respectively. TNU had the highest runoff coefficient and soil loss (60%, 5455 g·m−2) associated to the highest crusting rate (82%). Hence, the soil loss in TBG was 14-times less than in TNU and teak tree plantation owners could divide soil loss by 14 by keeping understory, such as broom grass, within teak tree plantations. Indeed, a high runoff coefficient and soil loss in TNU was explained by the kinetic energy of rain drops falling from the broad leaves of the tall teak trees down to bare soil, devoid of plant residues, thus leading to severe soil surface crusting and soil detachment. The areal percentage of pedestal features was a reliable indicator of soil erosion intensity. Overall, promoting understory, such as broom grass, in teak tree plantations would: (1) limit surface runoff and improve soil infiltrability, thus increase soil water stock available for both root absorption and groundwater recharge; and (2) mitigate soil loss while favoring soil fertility conservation.
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Ningsi, Nurna, and Salwiah Salwiah. "Meningkatkan Kemampuan Visual-Spasial Melalui Kegiatan Tebak Gambar Menggunakan Media Flip Chart." JURNAL RISET GOLDEN AGE PAUD UHO 1, no. 3 (October 26, 2018): 215. http://dx.doi.org/10.36709/jrga.v1i3.9109.
Full textAbstract:
Tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan kemampuan visual-spasial anak melalui kegiatan tebak gambar menggunakan media flip chart di kelompok B2 TK Adi Permai Kendari. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dalam dua siklus. Tahap-tahap dalam penelitian ini mengikuti prosedur penelitian tindakan kelas, yaitu: (1) perencanaan; (2) pelaksanaan; (3) pengamatan; (4) refleksi. Subjek dalam penelitian ini yaitu anak Kelompok B2 TK Adi Permai Kendari yang berjumlah 10 orang anak. Berdasarkan hasil analisis kemampuan visual-spasial anak melalui kegiatan tebak gambar menggunakan media flip chart menunjukkan bahwa terdapat peningkatan, hal ini dapat dibuktikan pada hasil sebelum tindakan diperoleh persentase sebesar 20% dan mengalami peningkatan pada siklus I yaitu sebesar 40% sehingga menjadi 60%. Pada siklus II mengalami peningkatan sebesar 70% dari siklus I sehingga menjadi 90%. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa kemampuan visual-spasial di Kelompok B2 TK Adi Permai Kendari dapat ditingkatkan melalui kegiatan tebak gambar menggunakan media flip chart. Kata Kunci: Kemampuan Visual-Spasial, Kegiatan Tebak Gambar, Media Flip Chart
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DEWI, SRI ENGGAR KENCANA. "A EFEKTIFITAS PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOLABORASI TALKING STICK DAN TEBAK KATA TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR SISWA PADA MATA PELAJARAN IPA DI MADRASAH IBTIDAIYAH BELITANG MULYA." JEMARI (Jurnal Edukasi Madrasah Ibtidaiyah) 2, no. 1 (February 5, 2020): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.30599/jemari.v2i1.591.
Full textAbstract:
Berdasarkan observasi penelitian awal, proses pembelajaran seperti ini juga terjadi pada mata pelajaran IPA di Madarasah Ibtidaiyah Belitang Mulya. Siswa tidak begitu antusias mengikuti pembelajaran disebabkan guru tidak menggunakan model pembelajaran yang bervariasi. Tujuan penelitian ini mengetahui efektiftas penerapan model kolaborasi talking stick dan tebak kata terhadap hasil belajar siswa pada pelajaran IPA kelas V di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah. penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian eksperimen jenis pre-eksperimental design yang dilakukan hanya pada satu kelas saja tanpa adanya kelas pembanding atau disebut dengan One-Group Pretest-Posttest Design. Hasil penelitian data pretest hasil belajar siswa kelas V diperoleh rata-rata 41,5, dan hasil Posttest sesudah menerapkan model pembelajaran kolaboratif Talking Stick dan Tebak kata mempunyai nilai tertinggi adalah 90 dan nilai terendah yaitu 50, serta rata-ratanya adalah 70,4. penerapan model pembelajaran kolaboratif talking stick dan tebak kata, dan sesudah penerapan model pembelajaran kolaboratif talking stick dan tebak kata terlihat ada perubahan yang lebih baik dan efektif utuk digunakan.
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Prihanggo, Maundri. "EVALUASI KETELITIAN HORIZONTAL DARI CITRA TEGAK SATELIT RESOLUSI SANGAT TINGGI MENGGUNAKAN SRTM DAN TERRASAR-X UNTUK PEMETAAN SKALA BESAR." Seminar Nasional Geomatika 2 (February 9, 2018): 535. http://dx.doi.org/10.24895/sng.2017.2-0.451.
Full textAbstract:
<p>Saat ini, citra satelit resolusi sangat tinggi digunakan dalam berbagai macam aplikasi, terutama pemetaan skala besar. Sebelum dapat digunakan, citra satelit tersebut harus diorthorektifikasi terlebih dahulu. Data <em>Digital Surface Model </em>(DSM) dan <em>Ground Control Point</em> (GCP) adalah dua data utama yang diperlukan saat melakukan orthorektifikasi. Perbedaan data DSM yang digunakan akan menghasilkan perbedaan nilai ketelitian horizontal pada kedua citra tegak hasil orthorektifikasi. Pada penelitian ini digunakan dua jenis DSM yaitu SRTM dan Terrasar-X. Ketelitian vertikal dari SRTM adalah 90 m sedangkan ketelitian vertikal dari Terrasar-X adalah 12,5 m. Penelitian ini berlokasi di Wilayah Buli, Kabupaten Halmahera Timur, Provinsi Maluku. Terdapat tiga sensor citra satelit yang digunakan yaitu Pleiades, Quickbird dan Worldview-2 yang digunakan pada lokasi penelitian. Total GCP yang digunakan adalah 33 titik, tiap titiknya diukur dengan melakukan pengamatan geodetik dan memiliki ketelitian horizontal ≤15 cm dan ketelitian vertikal ≤30 cm. Ketelitian horizontal dari citra tegak satelit resolusi sangat tinggi diperoleh dengan melakukan uji terhadap Independent Check Point (ICP). Total ICP yang digunakan adalah 12 titik, tiap titik ICP diukur dengan metode dan standar yang sama dengan titik GCP. Ketelitian horizontal dengan Circular Error (CE 90) dari citra tegak satelit menggunakan data SRTM adalah 18,856 m sedangkan ketelitian horizontal dengan Circular Error (CE 90) dari citra tegak satelit menggunakan data Terrasar-X adalah 2.168 m . Hasil dari penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa ketelitian vertikal data DSM yang digunakan memberikan pengaruh pada citra tegak satelit hasil orthorektifikasi tersebut. Mengacu pada Peraturan Kepala BIG nomor 15 tahun 2014, citra tegak satelit hasil orthorektifikasi menggunakan data Terrasar-X sebagai DSM memenuhi ketelitian horizontal peta dasar kelas 3 skala 1:5.000 sedangkan citra tegak satelit hasil orthorektifikasi menggunakan data SRTM sebagai DSM tidak dapat memenuhi ketelitian horizontal peta dasar skala besar.</p><p><strong>Kata kunci:</strong> orthorektifikasi, DSM, ketelitian horizontal</p>
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Monteuuis, Olivier, and Doreen Kim Soh Goh. "Field growth performances of teak genotypes of different ages clonally produced by rooted cuttings, in vitro microcuttings, and meristem culture." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 45, no. 1 (January 2015): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2014-0339.
Full textAbstract:
Teak (Tectona grandis L. f.) clonal forestry has lately become a reality thanks to the development of efficient techniques for mass clonally propagating true-to-type teak trees of various ages. Field trials were set up to assess the influence of teak genotypes of different ages and three clonal propagation techniques on field growth performances of teak clones. Significant differences (P < 0.0001) in height (H, from 11.9 to 17.5 m), diameter at breast height (D, from 11.8 to 18.9 cm), and volume (V, from 67.9 to 194.7 dm3) were observed 5 years after planting for clones produced by microcuttings from 6-month-old to 70-year-old teak ortets, regardless of their age. After 6.5 years of testing, H, D, and V performances of clones produced by rooted cuttings and microcuttings from 7-year-old teak trees were similar, notwithstanding clone × propagation method interactions. Five years after planting, clones produced by meristem culture from 7-year-old ortets had larger diameters and volumes than clones produced by microcuttings, whereas H varied according to clone × propagation method interaction. The various propagation methods used had no significant effect on mortality (<10%). The pros and cons of these techniques for mass clonally propagating teak genotypes of different ages were discussed.
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Prayitno, Tibertius Agus, Yustinus Suranto, Rieska Wahyu Indra Pratama, and Dasta Dasta. "The Effect of Site Class, Tree-age and Axial Direction on Adhesion Properties of Teakwood." Wood Research Journal 4, no. 2 (August 31, 2017): 62–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.51850/wrj.2013.4.2.62-67.
Full textAbstract:
Teak wood is a well-known prime wood species in Indonesia. The teak forest had been managed well by PERHUTANI, a state forest company for a long time. In the teak forest the site quality has been classified according to land’s capability to grow the teak plant. This site classification had been set up from the beginning of forest management and it has not been reviewed yet. This research’s objectives are to know the effect of teak forest site quality class and axial direction on the adhesion properties of the teak wood. The research conducted using Completely Randomized Design arranged in factorial experiment. The first experiment used site quality and axial direction factors, while the second experiment used tree’s age and axial direction. The site quality factor consisted of three levels of site index III, III/IV and IV. The three levels of axial direction of the teak stem were butt, center and top. The tree’s age consisted of three age class of 25, 35 and 45 years. Three teak trees employed as replication. The adhesion properties parameter were wood specific gravity, adhesion compression shear test and wood failure in both dry and wet condition using block test. The first research result showed that no interaction factor affected in adhesion properties. The teak growing site-class influenced significantly to the wood specific gravity and adhesion shear strength. The more fertile of teak growing site class, the lower wood specific gravity and adhesion strength. The site class of III, III/IV and IV revealed the average wood’s specific gravity of 0.54; 0.50 and 0.47 consecutively. The adhesion strength produced from the three site classes were 41.71; 32.56 and 23.52 kg/cm2 consecutively. The axial direction (from the butt to the top) showed a decreasing trend of wood specific gravity and adhesion strength. The second research showed that tree age affected significantly the wood specific gravity. The wood specific gravity increased from 0.57 to 0.67 and 0.69 produced from tree age of 25, 35 and 45 year old consecutively.
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Pertiwi, Yus Andhini Bhekti, and Joko Sulistyo. "Ketahanan Gubal Jati Hutan Rakyat Diawetkan dengan Senyawa Boron Menggunakan Metode Tekan Lowry terhadap Serangan Rayap Tanah dan Kayu Kering." Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan 15, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 111–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jik.v15i1.1509.
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Nowadays, most of teak wood that available on the market was mainly from comunity forest. Those teak woods were commonly harvested in the early age. The young teak wood from community forests possesses lower proportion of heartwood than sapwood. Those condition was generally had an affect on the wood durability. Although the wood durability was estimated to be low, but the teak wood from community forest was intensively used for furniture and house construction. Therefore, study on the sapwood durability of young teak wood from community forest is necessary. In the present study, the durability of sapwood treated by boron compound (boric acid and borax) as wood preservatives was investigated. The boron concentrations were 5, 7 and 10%. The vacuum process were used to impreg the preservative into the wood specimens called as Lowry method. The efectivity of preservation method were investigated, namely absorption, retention, penetration, efficacy of subterranean and dry-wood termites. The absorption, retention, and penetration of boron compound were 69.10–96.41 kg/m3, 4.53–5.31 kg/m3, and 3.04–3.16 mm, respectively. Absorption, retention, and penetration of preservatives showed an increasing value by increasing the preservatives concentrations, with the highest values were obtained for 10% boron concentration. Graveyard test was used to evaluate the efficacy of boron in teak sapwood to subterranean termites. During 2 months observation, mass loss and degree of wood damage were 0.42-1.37% and 6.31-18.72%. Furthermore, the efficacy of boron was also conducted for dry-wood termites. The mass loss, degree of wood damage, and dry-wood termites mortality after 28 days observation were 1.46-1.67%, 29.45-32.38%, and 87.33-95.33%, respectively. The durability of boron treatened teak sapwood against subterranean and dry-wood termites was increased. The increasing of teak sapwood durability was characterized by reduction of mass loss and degree of wood damage compared to untreated teak sapwood (control).
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Abdullah, Ahmad Hakim, and Nasirin Abdillah. "Heritage Value of the Malayness Socio-Cultural Symbols in Millennium Artist Series of Arts: A Research Analysis in Semiotics." Journal of Educational and Social Research 11, no. 4 (July 8, 2021): 260. http://dx.doi.org/10.36941/jesr-2021-0093.
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This study explains the analysis of the semiotics in the painting artworks of the Din Omar, who focuses on the forms of heritage values in his creations. This study is also important for the documentation of the Malay culture, which has customary and culturally-related elements, where the human value is given a touch of heritage elements, as portrayed in the production of the serial works Tepak Sirih Series, Tepak Sirih: Menanti Tetamu siri 5, and Ukiran Indah di Puncak Indah by Din Omar. The study looks into more details the description of the meaning of semiotic approach analysis by Ferdinand De Saussure, which is interview with the curator and analysis of three selected artworks. The researchers are also providing exposure to elements behind the cultural materials, such as the Tepak Siri Series, Tepak Sirih: Menanti Tetamu Siri 5, and Ukiran Indah di Puncak Indah. The findings of the study revealed that the Tepak Sirih series artwork possesses the value of non-verbal communication in community engagements and weddings. The legacy and Malay culture in the Tepak Sirih: Menanti Tetamu siri 5 work carries the meaning of customary wealth in official ceremonies, but not suitable for arbitrary activities. In the Ukiran Indah DiPuncak Indah artwork, Hulu Keris Patah Tiga gives the meaning of a Malay traditional weapon used to complement Raja sehari or the Malay wedding dress. Para pandai besi produced a dagger with a Malay identity and spiritual elements which will not be extinct and is always kept as national treasures. Received: 29 March 2021 / Accepted: 23 June 2021 / Published: 8 July 2021