Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Textile CAD'

The research involves the testing of Overall and Experimental Hypotheses concerning the nature of design activity and the relationship between designers' cognition and their use of CAD systems. In particular, a lack of understanding of the design process was perceived together with a need to utilize aspects of designers internal problem solving capabilities in the specification of electronio design aids. A multidisciplinary approach is used in review and experimental methods in order to associate theoretical aspects of design behaviour with the measurement of practice. The social, economic and industrial implications of new technology are reviewed in the light of their e~~ects upon intellectual industrial tasks, such as designing within the textile and other industries. Also considered are the theoretical aspects o~ designing and in particular the designers' cognitive activity is described in behavioural terms. Such theories are tested in experimental situations where the problem solving aspects are elicited from designers in relation to their internal schematic representation o~ design problems. Speci~ic conclusions in the area o~ person-system interaction concern both Hypotheses. Adaptation was ~ound to be best considered as another aspect of the holistio representation that a designer has of his task. This resulted ~rom a recognition o~ the individuals own methods o~ problem solving within the con~ines of the task. The use o~ repertory grid techniques ~or the investigation of designing did not prove however that a designer's internal spaoe is completely measurable. Indeed, it resulted that some phenomena associated with design appear ~undamentally subjective although it was £ound that identi~iable and individual oriteria are used by designers. The particular contribution that this work makes is in the assooiation o~ psychological, sociologioal and industrial aspects o~ designing in an approach to the adaptive behaviour of designers in their use of CAD "systems

Printed textile and garment design are generally taught and practised as separate disciplines. Integrated CAD software enables textile and clothing designers to envisage printed garments by assimilating graphic imagery with 2D garment shapes, and 3D visualisations. Digital printing can be enlisted to transpose print-filled garment shapes directly onto cloth. This research challenges existing 2D practice by synthesising manual and CAD technologies, to explore the integration of print design and garment shape from a simultaneous, 3D perspective. This research has identified three fundamental archetypes of printed garment styles from Twentieth Century fashion: 'sculptural', 'architectural' and 'crossover'. The contrasting spatial characteristics and surface patterning inherent in these models provided the theoretical and practical framework for the research. Design approaches such as'textile-led', 'garment-led'and 'the garment as canvas' highlighted the originality of the simultaneous design method, which embraces all of these concepts. This research recognises the body form as a positive influence within the printed textile and printed garment designing process, whereby modelled fabric shapes can be enlisted to determine mark making. The aim of the practice, to create printed garment designs from a 3D perspective, was facilitated by an original method of image capture, resulting in blueprinted toiles, or cyanoforms, that formed the basis of engineer-printed garments and textiles. Integrated CAD software provided the interface between manual modelling, design development and realisation, where draping software was employed to digitally craft 3D textiles. The practical and aesthetic characteristics of digital printing were tested through the printing of photographic-style, integrated garment prototypes. The design outcomes demonstrate that a simultaneous approach to the body, cloth and print can result in innovative textile vocabulary, that'plays a proactive role within the design equation, through its aesthetic integration with garment and form. The integration of print directly with the garment contour can result in a 3D orientated approach to printed garment design that is empathetic with the natural body shape.

Dans ce travail, nous avons décrit mathématiquement les tissus double et triple couches en s’appuyant sur un ensemble des matrices binaires et des équations mathématiques et développé des modules mathématiques programmables, pour générer : 1- Un double tissu lié par chaînes de liage supplémentaire ; 2- Un triple tissu lié par les chaînes de la couche intermédiaires. Ces deux modules mathématiques ont a été vérifiés par un logiciel développé spécifiquement à l’aide de « Visual Basic ». Les deux tissus sont générés automatiquement avec tous les points de liage éventuels. Puis nous avons développé un troisième module mathématique programmé par « Visual Basic » pour classer les points de liage générés. Ce classement se fonde sur la définition de deux termes : l’armure de liage et le taux de liage. Ce module a été vérifié sur un tissu triple couches lié par les chaînes de la couche intermédiaire, dont tous les armures de liage ont été générésautomatiquement par le logiciel développé. Par ailleurs, nous avons développé une procédure pour regrouper les armures de liage suivant la répartition des points de liage dans l’armure du tissu. Pour ce but, nous avons appliqué deux méthodes : la méthode du moment d’inertie des points de liage autour du centre du tissu, tandis que la deuxième méthode est la méthode du plus proche voisin où nous avons calculé l’indice de dispersion des points de liage dans l’armure. L’un des objectifs de ce travail est de comprendre l’action des paramètres de l’étoffe (distribution des points de liage ou armure de liage, armures de différentes couches et le duitage) sur les propriétés mécaniques et physiques d’un tissu triple couche à double liage. Pour cela, nous avons choisi trois tissus, dont l’armure de la couche intermédiaire est variée entre toile, sergé, et cannelé. À l’aide du logiciel créé, nous avons généré les différentes possibilités de liage (armures de liage). Nous avons fixé la densité de liage à (25%), puis nous avons choisi 3 armures de liage ayant une répartition différente. Trois duitages (16, 20, et 24 duites/cm) ont été choisi pour réaliser les tissus. À l’aide de la méthode des plans d’expériences, nous avons limité le nombre de tissus à 9 tissus différents. 15 propriétés ont été évaluées à savoir : l'embuvage, le retrait, la masse surfacique, la perméabilité, la rigidité de cisaillement, la compression: (l'énergie de compression, la résilience, la compressibilité, l’épaisseur), la flexion: (la rigidité de flexion, le module d'Yong), la traction: (laforce de rupture, l'allongement maximal, l'énergie de rupture, le module d'Young). Les résultats des tests ont été analysés par analyse de variance et analyse en composantes principales (ACP) à l'aide du logiciel JMP, afin de calculer l’influence de chaque paramètre sur les propriétés physiques et mécaniques, et d'estimer les coefficients du modèle statistique qui nouspermet d’obtenir les propriétés théoriques des tissus que nous n’avons pas testé. Nous avons constaté que le liage est le paramètre qui a le moins d’influence sur les propriétés des tissus<br>Ln this work, we described mathematically the double and triple layers fabrics based on a set of binary matrices and mathematical equations. Mathematical modules developed and programmed by Visual Basic to generate: 1- A double layers fabric stitched by additional warps ; 2- A triple layer fabric stitched by the intermediate layer warps. Both fabrics are automatically generated with all the stitches possible. Then we developed a third mathematical module, programmed by "Visual Basic" to classify all stitches generated. ln addition, we developed a procedure to regroup the stitching weaves according to the distribution of stitches in the weave. For this purpose, we applied two methods : the moment of inertia of stitches around the center of the fabric, and the method of the nearest neighbor. Then, using the developed softwares and the method of design of experiments, we studied the effect of the following parameters (distribution of stitches, the stitching weaves and the weft density) on the mechanical and physical properties of triple layers fabric. Finally, the test results were analyzed by using the JMP software to calculate the influence of each parameter on the physical and mechanical properties, and estimate the coefficients of the statistical model which allows us to obtain the theoretical properties of fabrics we have not tested, We found that the stitches distribution is the parameter that has the least influence on the properties of fabrics

Von der Professur Montage- und Handhabungstechnik der Fakultät für Maschinenbau der Technischen Universität Chemnitz wird seit 2009 das jährliche Simulationsanwendertreffen SAXSIM organisiert. Ausgewählte Beiträge werden in Form eines Tagungsbandes veröffentlicht. Das 9. Anwendertreffen SAXSIM fand am 28.03.2017 an der TU Chemnitz statt.:- Multiphysikalische Systemsimulation mit SimulationX / Adam Burkhard - Modellierung & Simulation des Plasmaschweißens zur Entwicklung innovativer Schweißbrenner / Dr.-Ing. habil. Khaled Alaluss - Dynamischer Partikelbruch: Modelldefinition, Kalibrierung und Anwendung / Dr.-Ing. Luca Benvenuti - Konstruktionsbegleitende Toleranzsimulation mit CETOL 6 σ unter Verwendung der GPS-Strategie DIN EN ISO 14638 und DIN EN ISO 8015 / Dipl.-Ing. (FH) Christoph Bruns - PTC CREO SIMULATE ENGINE UPDATES / Dr. Arun Chavan - CREO SIMULATE : ROADMAP / Jose Coronado - Simulationsbasierte Entwicklung und Optimierung von Werkzeugmaschinen / Dipl.-Ing. Uwe Eiselt - Validierung des Kontaktmoduls der Freeware Z88Aurora anhand analytischer Beispiele und kommerzieller FE-Systeme / Christian Glenk M.Sc. - Mehrkörpersimulation eines ebenen Koppelgetriebes mittels Matlab/ADAMS-Co-Simulation / Dipl.-Ing. Christian Gollee - Numerische Auslegung des Mehrlagenschweißens als additives Fertigungsverfahren / Dr.-Ing. Marcel Graf - Berechnung und Simulation von Kurvenschrittgetrieben / Dr.-Ing. Andreas Heine - Parameterstudien und Co-Simulation ebener Koppelgetriebe / Stefan Heinrich M.Sc. - Erfassung, Simulation und Weiterverarbeitung menschlicher Bewegungen mit DYNAMICUS / Dipl. -Math. Heike Hermsdorf - Linear Dynamic System Analyses with Creo Simulate / Dr.-Ing. Roland Jakel - Strömungssimulation zur Optimierung von Flussfeldern in PEM-Brennstoffzellen / Philipp Jendras M.Sc. - Konvergenz eines plastischen Multiphysics-Kontaktes in der Pressschweißsimulation - Herausforderungen und Lösungsansätze / Jonny Kaars M.Eng. - Kurvenabgleich zur Bestimmung eines Systemverhalten und von Materialparametern / Dipl.-Ing. Rene Kallmeyer - Die kinematische und statische Analyse eines Biglide-Getriebes mit Hilfe der Programme Mathcad und GeoGebra / Dr.-Ing. Hanfried Kerle - Möglichkeiten der TexMind Software für Generierung von textilen Strukturen für FEM Simulationen und CAD Anwendungen / Prof. Dr. Yordan Kyosev - Prozesssimulation einer Rotorflechtmaschine nach „Horn“ zur Ermittlung der Flechtfadenspannung / Robert Laue M.Sc. ; Dr.-Ing. Daniel Denninger - Bruch einer Königswelle einer 6300 t Presse / Prof. Dr-Ing. Uwe Mahn - Strukturzuverlässigkeit durch Frequenzganganalyse mit Finite-Elemente-Methode im Rahmen des Projektes DRESDYN / Dipl.-Ing. M.Eng. Anton Melnikov - Systemübergreifender Simulationsansatz zur Auslegung, Fertigung und Qualitätssicherung am Beispiel einer Bogenverzahnung / Dipl.-Ing. Jürgen Merz - Integrative Prozess- und Bauteilsimulation für kurzfaserverstärkte Spritzgießbauteile / Dr.-Ing. Sascha Müller - Computergestützte Simulationsschnittstelle - Optimierte Systementwicklung / Dipl.-Ing. Sam Nezhat - Formatabhängige hochdynamische Bewegungen mit Servoantrieben / Dipl.-Ing. Dipl.-Inform. Rainer Nolte - Integration der Diskrete Elemente Methode in die domänen-übergreifende Systemsimulation / Dipl.-Ing. Christian Richter - Mehrkörpermodellierung und Validierung einer 3 MW Windturbine / Andreas Schulze M. Sc. - Vergleich von Stützstrukturen für die additive Fertigung: Creo Parametric/Simulate 4.0 & ProTOpCI / Dipl.-Ing. (FH) Urs Simmler - MFBD-Simulation des Nadeleindringens in ein Gewebephantom am Beispiel der Stanzbiopsie / Thorsten Speicher M.Eng. ; Katharina Hauschild M.Sc. - ANSYS AIM: Der Konzeptsimulator für alle / Dipl.-Ing. Marc Vidal - Neue Schweißfunktionalität in Creo 4 mit den daraus entstehenden Vorteilen zur Simulation / Axel Waidmann - Entwicklung eines zwangläufigen Schneid- und Fixiersystems für den Einsatz in einem Tapelegekopf / Dipl.-Ing. Rainer Wallasch<br>The Chair of Assembly and Handling Technology, which belongs to the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, has organized the annual simulation user meeting SAXSIM since 2009.  Select contributions will be published in conference proceedings.  The 9th SAXSIM user meeting took place at Technische Universität Chemnitz on March 28, 2017.:- Multiphysikalische Systemsimulation mit SimulationX / Adam Burkhard - Modellierung & Simulation des Plasmaschweißens zur Entwicklung innovativer Schweißbrenner / Dr.-Ing. habil. Khaled Alaluss - Dynamischer Partikelbruch: Modelldefinition, Kalibrierung und Anwendung / Dr.-Ing. Luca Benvenuti - Konstruktionsbegleitende Toleranzsimulation mit CETOL 6 σ unter Verwendung der GPS-Strategie DIN EN ISO 14638 und DIN EN ISO 8015 / Dipl.-Ing. (FH) Christoph Bruns - PTC CREO SIMULATE ENGINE UPDATES / Dr. Arun Chavan - CREO SIMULATE : ROADMAP / Jose Coronado - Simulationsbasierte Entwicklung und Optimierung von Werkzeugmaschinen / Dipl.-Ing. Uwe Eiselt - Validierung des Kontaktmoduls der Freeware Z88Aurora anhand analytischer Beispiele und kommerzieller FE-Systeme / Christian Glenk M.Sc. - Mehrkörpersimulation eines ebenen Koppelgetriebes mittels Matlab/ADAMS-Co-Simulation / Dipl.-Ing. Christian Gollee - Numerische Auslegung des Mehrlagenschweißens als additives Fertigungsverfahren / Dr.-Ing. Marcel Graf - Berechnung und Simulation von Kurvenschrittgetrieben / Dr.-Ing. Andreas Heine - Parameterstudien und Co-Simulation ebener Koppelgetriebe / Stefan Heinrich M.Sc. - Erfassung, Simulation und Weiterverarbeitung menschlicher Bewegungen mit DYNAMICUS / Dipl. -Math. Heike Hermsdorf - Linear Dynamic System Analyses with Creo Simulate / Dr.-Ing. Roland Jakel - Strömungssimulation zur Optimierung von Flussfeldern in PEM-Brennstoffzellen / Philipp Jendras M.Sc. - Konvergenz eines plastischen Multiphysics-Kontaktes in der Pressschweißsimulation - Herausforderungen und Lösungsansätze / Jonny Kaars M.Eng. - Kurvenabgleich zur Bestimmung eines Systemverhalten und von Materialparametern / Dipl.-Ing. Rene Kallmeyer - Die kinematische und statische Analyse eines Biglide-Getriebes mit Hilfe der Programme Mathcad und GeoGebra / Dr.-Ing. Hanfried Kerle - Möglichkeiten der TexMind Software für Generierung von textilen Strukturen für FEM Simulationen und CAD Anwendungen / Prof. Dr. Yordan Kyosev - Prozesssimulation einer Rotorflechtmaschine nach „Horn“ zur Ermittlung der Flechtfadenspannung / Robert Laue M.Sc. ; Dr.-Ing. Daniel Denninger - Bruch einer Königswelle einer 6300 t Presse / Prof. Dr-Ing. Uwe Mahn - Strukturzuverlässigkeit durch Frequenzganganalyse mit Finite-Elemente-Methode im Rahmen des Projektes DRESDYN / Dipl.-Ing. M.Eng. Anton Melnikov - Systemübergreifender Simulationsansatz zur Auslegung, Fertigung und Qualitätssicherung am Beispiel einer Bogenverzahnung / Dipl.-Ing. Jürgen Merz - Integrative Prozess- und Bauteilsimulation für kurzfaserverstärkte Spritzgießbauteile / Dr.-Ing. Sascha Müller - Computergestützte Simulationsschnittstelle - Optimierte Systementwicklung / Dipl.-Ing. Sam Nezhat - Formatabhängige hochdynamische Bewegungen mit Servoantrieben / Dipl.-Ing. Dipl.-Inform. Rainer Nolte - Integration der Diskrete Elemente Methode in die domänen-übergreifende Systemsimulation / Dipl.-Ing. Christian Richter - Mehrkörpermodellierung und Validierung einer 3 MW Windturbine / Andreas Schulze M. Sc. - Vergleich von Stützstrukturen für die additive Fertigung: Creo Parametric/Simulate 4.0 & ProTOpCI / Dipl.-Ing. (FH) Urs Simmler - MFBD-Simulation des Nadeleindringens in ein Gewebephantom am Beispiel der Stanzbiopsie / Thorsten Speicher M.Eng. ; Katharina Hauschild M.Sc. - ANSYS AIM: Der Konzeptsimulator für alle / Dipl.-Ing. Marc Vidal - Neue Schweißfunktionalität in Creo 4 mit den daraus entstehenden Vorteilen zur Simulation / Axel Waidmann - Entwicklung eines zwangläufigen Schneid- und Fixiersystems für den Einsatz in einem Tapelegekopf / Dipl.-Ing. Rainer Wallasch

Im Rahmen der Arbeit wurden die Zusammenhänge zwischen den Materialeigenschaften und der Schnittkonstruktion für körpernahe Bekleidung untersucht, um eine konstante und reproduzierbare Passform zu sichern. Es wurden Materialkenngrößen ermittelt, die einen entscheidenden Einfluss auf die Passform haben, und geeignete Prüfverfahren zur Bestimmung dieser Materialparameter analysiert. Dazu zählen bei Maschenwaren, die für diese Produktgruppe hauptsächlich eingesetzt werden, vor allem die Zugelastizität und das Dimensionsverhalten. Es wurden Konstruktionsprinzipien entwickelt, mit denen die Materialparameter systematisch in der Schnittgestaltung berücksichtigt werden können. Die Konstruktionsmethoden wurden auf CAD-Systeme umgesetzt. Die erarbeiteten Konstruktionsgrundlagen geben den Bekleidungsherstellern die Möglichkeit, die Produktionsentwicklungszeiten zu reduzieren und so die Flexibilität zu steigern.

Im Rahmen der Arbeit wurden die Zusammenhänge zwischen den Materialeigenschaften und der Schnittkonstruktion für körpernahe Bekleidung untersucht, um eine konstante und reproduzierbare Passform zu sichern. Es wurden Materialkenngrößen ermittelt, die einen entscheidenden Einfluss auf die Passform haben, und geeignete Prüfverfahren zur Bestimmung dieser Materialparameter analysiert. Dazu zählen bei Maschenwaren, die für diese Produktgruppe hauptsächlich eingesetzt werden, vor allem die Zugelastizität und das Dimensionsverhalten. Es wurden Konstruktionsprinzipien entwickelt, mit denen die Materialparameter systematisch in der Schnittgestaltung berücksichtigt werden können. Die Konstruktionsmethoden wurden auf CAD-Systeme umgesetzt. Die erarbeiteten Konstruktionsgrundlagen geben den Bekleidungsherstellern die Möglichkeit, die Produktionsentwicklungszeiten zu reduzieren und so die Flexibilität zu steigern.

El càncer de pit és una de les malalties més perilloses que ataquen les dones. Els sistemes de diagnòstic assistit per ordinador poden ajudar a detectar el càncer de pit de forma precoç i reduir-ne la mortalitat. Aquesta tesi proposa diversos mètodes per a l'anàlisi d'imatges de càncer de mama. Analitzem el càncer de mama a mamografies, ecografies i termografies. La nostra anàlisi inclou la classificació de massa / teixit normal de pit, la classificació de tumors benignes / maligne en les mamografies i les imatges d'ultrasò, detecció de mugró en termogrames, registre de mamografies i l'anàlisi de l'evolució dels tumors de pit. Es van considerar mètodes coneguts d'anàlisis de textures i s'han proposat dos nous descriptors de textura. També es va estudiar l'efecte de la resolució de píxels, l'escala d'integració, el pre-processament i la normalització en el rendiment d'aquests mètodes d'anàlisi de textures per a la classificació dels tumors. Finalment, hem utilitzat la tècnica de super-resolució per millorar el funcionament dels mètodes d'anàlisi de textures a l'hora de classificar els tumors de pit en les imatges d'ultrasò. Per a l'anàlisi del càncer de pit a termogrames, proposem un mètode automàtic per a la detecció dels mugrons que és precís i senzill. Per analitzar l'evolució del càncer de pit, es proposa un mètode de registre temporal de mamografies basat en coordenades curvilínies. També proposem un mètode per quantificar i visualitzar l'evolució dels tumors de pit en pacients sotmesos a tractament mèdic. En general, els mètodes proposats en aquesta tesi milloren el rendiment dels mètodes de l'estat de l'art i poden ajudar a millorar el diagnòstic del càncer de pit.<br>El cáncer de mama es una de las enfermedades más peligrosas que afecta a las mujeres. Los sistemas de diagnóstico asistido por ordenador pueden ayudar a detectar el cáncer de mama de una manera temprana y reducir la mortalidad. Esta tesis propone varios métodos para el análisis de imágenes de cáncer de mama. Analizamos el cáncer de mama en mamografías, ecografías y termografías. Nuestro análisis incluye la clasificación de masa / tejido normal de mama, la clasificación de tumores benignos / malignos en mamografías e imágenes de ultrasonido, la detección del pezón en termogramas, el registro de mamografías y el análisis de la evolución de los tumores de mama. Consideramos métodos bien conocidos de análisis de texturas y propusimos dos nuevos descriptores de texturas. También estudiamos el efecto de la resolución de los píxeles, la escala de integración, el pre-procesamiento y la normalización de las características en el rendimiento de estos métodos de análisis de texturas para la clasificación de los tumores. Finalmente, hemos utilizado la técnica de super-resolución para mejorar el rendimiento de estos métodos de análisis de texturas a la hora de clasificar los tumores de mama en imágenes de ultrasonido. Para el análisis del cáncer de mama en termogramas, proponemos un método automático para la detección precisa y sencilla de los pezones. Para analizar la evolución del cáncer de mama, proponemos un método de registro de mamografía temporal basado en coordenadas curvilíneas. También proponemos un método para cuantificar y visualizar la evolución de los tumores de mama en pacientes sometidos a tratamiento médico. En general, los métodos propuestos en esta tesis mejoran el rendimiento de las aproximaciones que se encuentran en el estado del arte y pueden ayudar a mejorar el diagnóstico del cáncer de mama.<br>Breast cancer is one of the most dangerous diseases that attacks women. Computer-aided diagnosis systems may help to detect breast cancer early and reduce mortality. This thesis proposes several methods for analyzing breast cancer images. We analyze breast cancer in mammographies, ultrasonographies and thermographies. Our analysis includes mass/normal breast tissue classification, benign/malignant tumor classification in mammograms and ultrasound images, nipple detection in thermograms, mammogram registration and analysis of the evolution of breast tumors. We considered well-known texture analysis methods and proposed two new texture descriptors. We also studied the effect of pixel resolution, integration scale, preprocessing and feature normalization on the performance of these texture analysis methods for tumor classification. Finally, we used super-resolution approaches to improve the performance of texture analysis methods when classifying breast tumors in ultrasound images. For the analysis of breast cancer in thermograms, we propose an automatic method for detecting nipples that is accurate and simple. To analyze the evolution of breast cancer, we propose a temporal mammogram registration method based on curvilinear coordinates. We also propose a method for quantifying and visualizing the evolution of breast tumors in patients undergoing medical treatment. Overall, the methods proposed in this thesis improve the performance of the state-of-the-art approaches and may help to improve the diagnosis of breast cancer.

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a chronic and progressive, irreversible syndrome that deteriorates the cognitive functions. Official death certificates of 2013 reported 84,767 deaths from Alzheimer’s disease, making it the 6th leading cause of death in the United States. The rate of AD is estimated to double by 2050. The neurodegeneration of AD occurs decades before symptoms of dementia are evident. Therefore, having an efficient methodology for the early and proper diagnosis can lead to more effective treatments. Neuroimaging techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can detect changes in the brain of living subjects. Moreover, medical imaging techniques are the best diagnostic tools to determine brain atrophies; however, a significant limitation is the level of training, methodology, and experience of the diagnostician. Thus, Computer aided diagnosis (CAD) systems are part of a promising tool to help improve the diagnostic outcomes. No publications addressing the use of Feedforward Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), and MRI image attributes for the classification of AD were found. Consequently, the focus of this study is to investigate if the use of MRI images, specifically texture and frequency attributes along with a feedforward ANN model, can lead to the classification of individuals with AD. Moreover, this study compared the use of a single view versus a multi-view of MRI images and their performance. The frequency, texture, and MRI views in combination with the feedforward artificial neural network were tested to determine if they were comparable to the clinician’s performance. The clinician’s performances used were 78 percent accuracy, 87 percent sensitivity, 71 percent specificity, and 78 percent precision from a study with 1,073 individuals. The study found that the use of the Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) and Fourier Transform (FT) low frequency give comparable results to the clinicians; however, the FT outperformed the clinicians with an accuracy of 85 percent, precision of 87 percent, sensitivity of 90 percent and specificity of 75 percent. In the case of texture, a single texture feature, and the combination of two or more features gave results comparable to the clinicians. However, the Gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCOM), which is the combination of texture features, was the highest performing texture method with 82 percent accuracy, 86 percent sensitivity, 76 percent specificity, and 86 percent precision. Combination CII (energy and entropy) outperformed all other combinations with 78 percent accuracy, 88 percent sensitivity, 72 percent specificity, and 78 percent precision. Additionally, a combination of views can increase performance for certain texture attributes; however, the axial view outperformed the sagittal and coronal views in the case of frequency attributes. In conclusion, this study found that both texture and frequency characteristics in combinations with a feedforward backpropagation neural network can perform at the level of the clinician and even higher depending on the attribute and the view or combination of views used.

INTRODUZIONE. In campo oncologico la Risonanza Magnetica multiparametrica (RMmp) sta diventando sempre più importante in quanto sequenze multiple, quali T2 e DWI, permettono di rilevare la presenza di tumore, ovvero di zone ipo-iper-intense rispetto al tessuto circostante. L’analisi delle immagini mediante tecniche di texture analysis può essere utilizzata per cercare dei potenziali biomarker che aiutino il radiologo nella diagnosi svolgendo un ruolo di second opinion per detection e diagnosis di una lesione ancor prima di aver eseguito la biopsia. MATERIALI E METODI. In questa Tesi sono state analizzate le sequenze T2 e DWI di RMmp-3T per identificare le neoplasie prostatiche mediante tecniche di texture analysis con estrazione di feature su patch locali centrate sui pixel d’interesse, la cui distribuzione spaziale è stata visualizzata ed analizzata mediante colormap su cui è stato applicato un algoritmo di segmentazione automatica. Sono state calcolate sette feature e per ciascuna nove descrittori statistici. RISULTATI. Dalla feature più significativa (entropia) nel caratterizzare l’eterogeneità del tessuto, sono state rilevate automaticamente le lesioni e confrontate con quelle segmentate manualmente dal medico, valutando mutualmente le performance ottenute (lesioni rilevate nel 96.55% dei casi con una media del 72.42% di lesioni con il radiologo come ground-truth e con una media del 53.33% di lesioni viceversa). Le feature locali risultano inoltre ben correlate con i biomarker clinici per la stratificazione delle lesioni (ρ=0.695 tra Skewness della Media e PSALT e ρ=0.790 tra la Kurtosi della Mediana e PSALT). CONCLUSIONI. I risultati ottenuti incoraggiano futuri approfondimenti nello studio della texture analysis che deve comprendere un’analisi multiparametrica di tutte le feature ed essere estesa a tutte le sequenze disponibili dalla RMmp. La metodologia sviluppata ha le caratteristiche per embrionali di un sistema di Computer Aided Detection/Diagnosis (CAD).

A liga de alumínio AA3104 é utilizada na manufatura de componentes obtidos via estampagem profunda e estiramento, como corpo de latas de bebidas. O presente trabalho visa relatar as principais alterações microestruturais e texturais da liga AA3104 em diferentes condições de deformação a frio. As amostras investigadas foram obtidas por meio de laminação a quente nas espessuras de 1,80 e 2,25 mm. O material A com espessura de 1,80 mm foi laminado duas vezes a frio com reduções de 64% e 59%. Já o material B com espessura de 2,25 mm foi laminado três vezes a frio com reduções de 55%, 52% e 51%. Após cada redução a frio foram retiradas amostras para as caracterizações. A espessura final nos dois materiais foi de 260 ?m. A caracterização microestrutural foi realizada por meio de microscopia ótica convencional e microscopia eletrônica de varredura. A textura de recristalização foi obtida por meio de difração de raios X. Foram realizados ensaios mecânicos para determinar a microdureza e limites de resistência e escoamento das amostras analisadas, além do ensaio de embutimento das amostras para a caracterização do orelhamento. Os melhores resultados de orelhamento foram obtidos no material A e os maiores valores de tensão de escoamento, resistência a tração e microdureza foram observadas no material B. Também foram retiradas amostras de latas de bebidas após a estampagem e após a estampagem e recozimento para a caracterização microestrutural. A ênfase desta Dissertação visa avaliar a influência da quantidade de deformação a frio aplicada em chapas recristalizadas provenientes da laminação a quente na textura cristalográfica e no comportamento das chapas durante o ensaio de orelhamento.<br>The aluminum alloy AA3104 is widely used in the manufacture of components obtained by deep drawing and ironing, as the body of beverage cans. The present work describes the main microstructural and textural changes of AA3104 alloy following different cold rolling schedules. The samples were obtained after hot rolling, with thicknesses of 1.80 and 2.25 mm. Material A (1.80 mm) was cold rolled in two steps with reductions of 64% and 59%, respectively. Material B (2.25 mm) was cold rolled in three steps with reductions of 55%, 52% and 51% respectively. After each cold reduction samples were removed for microstructural characterization. The final thickness of the two materials was 260 ?m. The microstructural characterization was performed using conventional light optical and scanning electron microscopy. The recrystallization texture was determined by X-ray diffraction measurements. Mechanical tests were carried out to determine the Vickers microhardness as well as yield and tensile strengths. Deep drawing tests were performed for earing characterization. The best results of earing were obtained in material B. The highest yield and tensile strengths were observed in material A. Samples of commercial beverage cans were taken after deep drawing and annealing (drying) for microstructural characterization. The emphasis of this study is to evaluate the influence of the cold deformation in hot-rolled sheets regarding crystallographic texture evolution and corresponding behavior during earing tests.

Un tissu classique est réalisé par l’entrecroisement de 2 réseaux de fils (appelé armure), un longitudinal, la chaîne et un transversal, la trame. L’introduction des tissus dans les applications techniques a nécessité le développement de réseaux de fils beaucoup plus complexes permettant la réalisation d’entrecroisement en 3D. Toutefois, ces tissus complexes ne sont constitués que de fils textiles de même nature. Dans un futur proche, il sera nécessaire d’entrecroiser d’une part des fils textiles, mais aussi d’autres éléments tels que des capteurs, des tubes d’alimentation liquide, des fils électriques ou tout autre objet. Le but de notre travail est de développer un nouveau concept de machine pouvant répondre à ces nouvelles exigences. Dans le cadre du développement d’un nouveau concept de tissage, nous souhaitons mettre en mouvement les divers mécanismes de la machine à tisser de manière indépendante et remplacer la synchronisation mécanique de ces mécanismes, par une synchronisation électronique. Ce nouveau type de synchronisation permettra de « déstructurer » l’horloge de tissage et ainsi apporter de nouvelles fonctions. La réalisation de cette nouvelle machine a conduit à la conception d’une partie mécanique et d’une partie électronique.L'automatisation développée lors de la réalisation de cette machine est fondée sur la mise en place d'une structure avancée d'automatisation, constituée d’un contrôleur de mouvement, d’un IHM, d’une automate déporté, connectés sur un bus de terrain CANmotion, essayant de répondre au mieux aux besoins des utilisateurs. La flexibilité et la synchronisation électronique présente dans cette machine architecturée autour de cames électroniques, sont les points forts, et laisse la porte ouverte à l'utilisation de cette machine pour de nouvelles applications. En particulier la réalisation de tissus multicouches hybrides complexes<br>Woven fabric is basically produced by interlacing two set of threads, warp yarns, or ends, which run lengthwise in the fabric and the filling yarns (weft), or picks, which run from side to side. The traditional system of ends and picks interlacing is identified as a two dimensional weave or pattern. Involving woven fabrics into technical applications require the evolution of advanced patterns in which ends and picks can be interlaced to build a 3D woven fabric. Moreover, these advanced patterns can allow the integration of new elements other than textile yarns such as sensors, liquid-feeding tubes, electric wires, etc. The goal of this study is to develop a new concept of weaving machine that fill these requirements by moving the various mechanisms of weaving machine independently and replacing the mechanical synchronization by an electronic one. Such a new synchronization will take the timing diagram apart and thus to bring new functions. The new concept of the weaving machine lies on two parts; a mechanical part and an electronic part. The developed automation for this new concept is based on an advanced automation structure. This structure is composed of motion controller, IHM, a distance PLC connected to a CANmotion bus to meet the user's needs, this new concept of weaving machine based on electronic cams which is one of the strongest point. This new machine electronically synchronized allows a great flexibility and gives a great opportunity to develop a wide range of new woven fabric structures

Submitted by isabela.moljf@hotmail.com (isabela.moljf@hotmail.com) on 2017-02-13T14:23:53Z No. of bitstreams: 1 evelynaparecidadeoliveira.pdf: 4026204 bytes, checksum: c1b720f3501ffcd12b38f9d4c877dfa9 (MD5)<br>Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-02-13T16:49:50Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 evelynaparecidadeoliveira.pdf: 4026204 bytes, checksum: c1b720f3501ffcd12b38f9d4c877dfa9 (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-13T16:49:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 evelynaparecidadeoliveira.pdf: 4026204 bytes, checksum: c1b720f3501ffcd12b38f9d4c877dfa9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-04-01<br>O desgaste do dente, que se manifesta com uma grande variedade de graus ou níveis, é uma das anomalias dentárias comumente encontradas em diversas populações. A modelagem computacional do problema de contato oclusal pode ajudar na compreensão das interações entre os dentes, que gera concentrações de tensões. A abordagem utilizada para simular o contato entre as superfícies ásperas, dadas as funções de densidade de probabilidade das alturas das asperezas, consiste em discretizá-las em vários intervalos, de modo que cada um deles represente uma aspereza principal. As deformações das asperezas principais são analisadas e, utilizando técnicas de homogeneização, é possível estabelecer a relação entre as respostas que ocorrem em microescala e as respostas esperadas na macroescala. Neste trabalho, foi criada uma rotina para geração numérica de superfícies, um script acoplado ao programa de elementos finitos, Abaqus, para análise dos microcontatos, e, finalmente, um código para o procedimento de homogeneização e análise paramétrica das medidas de rugosidade. Na estimativa da dureza superficial, verificou-se que a curvatura média das asperezas exerce maior influência. Os parâmetros que mais influenciam nas forças e áreas de contato são o coeficiente de achatamento (kurtosis), cujo aumento leva ao decaimento dessas grandezas, seguido da rugosidade média quadrática, que, por sua vez, tem uma relação diretamente proporcional com a carga e consequentemente com a área de contato.<br>Tooth wear, which manifests with a great variety of degrees or levels, is one of the dental abnormalities commonly found in different populations. The computational modelling of the occlusal contact problem can help the comprehension of any interaction between teeth generating stress concentration. The approach used in this work to simulate contact between rough surfaces, given the probability density functions of asperities, consists in discretizing them in several intervals, so that each one represents a main asperity. The deformations of the main asperities are analyzed and, using homogenization techniques, it is possible to developed the relationship among the responses occurred in micro-scale and the predicted responses in macro-scale. In this work a routine has been established for numerical generation of surfaces, a script as well as has been coupled to the finite element program Abaqus, for analysis of the micro-contacts, and, finally, a code for homogenization and parametric analysis of the roughness measure. In the estimate of the surface hardness it was found that the mean curvature of the asperities exerts the largest influence. The parameters that influence the forces and contact areas are the flattening coefficient (kurtosis), which when increases leads to decay of these greatness, followed by the mean square roughness, which, in turn, has a direct proportional relationship with the strength and consequently with the contact area.

Von der Professur Montage- und Handhabungstechnik der Fakultät für Maschinenbau der Technischen Universität Chemnitz wird seit 2009 das jährliche Simulationsanwendertreffen SAXSIM organisiert. Ausgewählte Beiträge werden in Form eines Tagungsbandes veröffentlicht. Das 9. Anwendertreffen SAXSIM fand am 28.03.2017 an der TU Chemnitz statt<br>The Chair of Assembly and Handling Technology, which belongs to the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, has organized the annual simulation user meeting SAXSIM since 2009. Select contributions will be published in conference proceedings. The 9th SAXSIM user meeting took place at Technische Universität Chemnitz on March 28, 2017

碩士<br>國立中正大學<br>電機工程所<br>98<br>The mortality rate of breast cancer has surpassed that of carcinoma of cervix in recent years. Now a days, mammogram is the most effective tumor detection method. Detection of tumor by using mammogram is effective and is capable of discovering tumors 1.7 years earlier then self-examination method. Therefore periodical inspection can facilitate, the discovery and treatment of the tumors in their early stage and thus, may prevent the cancer cell to proliferate and decrease the mortality rate. The purpose of this study is to develop a computer-aided design (CAD) system helping the doctors to find masses efficiency and quickly. In this research, we used the Mini-Mammographic Database provided by the Mammographic Image Analysis Society (MIAS). The database contains totally 322 digital images of left and right breasts from 161 patients. Among them, 115 images are tumors or microcalcifications that are identified by radiologist and the other 207 images are normal. For tumor classification and detection, representative features must first be extracted. This research employed totally 308 features, including 4 from Gray Level Histogram, 176 from Spatial Gray Level Dependence, 9 from Texture Spectrum, 48 from Texture Feature Coding Method, 5 from Neighboring Gray Level Dependence Textural Feature, 44 from Gray Level Run-Length Textural Features, 20 from Wavelet Analysis, and 2 from Geometric Weight Center Features. To select the most representative feature,we used the Sequential Forward Selection(SFS) analysis and Genetic Algorithm(GA) to rank the features and select the most discriminative 8~60 features. Support Vector Machine with linear and radial basis function (RBF) kernels were employed as the classifier. By using the proposed methods, an average accuracy of about 80% was achieved, A higher accuracy of 90% was achieved by using GA collocating with SVM(Linear). By using GA for feature selection, we can further enhance the efficiency of the classifiers in both the traning and test phases. Most of the tumors can be detected by using the proposed method. The proposed method demonstrated its capability to assist doctors in enhancing the diagnosis accuracy, and, thus, it can reduce the motality rate of the patients.