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Journal articles on the topic 'Textile Electrode'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 31 August 2024

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Guo, Li, Leif Sandsjö, Max Ortiz-Catalan, and Mikael Skrifvars. "Systematic review of textile-based electrodes for long-term and continuous surface electromyography recording." Textile Research Journal 90, no. 2 (2019): 227–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517519858768.

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This systematic review concerns the use of smart textiles enabled applications based on myoelectric activity. Electromyography (EMG) is the technique for recording and evaluating electric signals related to muscle activity (myoelectric). EMG is a well-established technique that provides a wealth of information for clinical diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment. Introducing sensor systems that allow for ubiquitous monitoring of health conditions using textile integrated solutions not only opens possibilities for ambulatory, long-term, and continuous health monitoring outside the hospital, but al

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2

An, Xiang, and George Stylios. "A Hybrid Textile Electrode for Electrocardiogram (ECG) Measurement and Motion Tracking." Materials 11, no. 10 (2018): 1887. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11101887.

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Wearable sensors have great potential uses in personal health monitoring systems, in which textile-based electrodes are particularly useful because they are comfortable to wear and are skin and environmentally friendly. In this paper, a hybrid textile electrode for electrocardiogram (ECG) measurement and motion tracking was introduced. The hybrid textile electrode consists of two parts: A textile electrode for ECG monitoring, and a motion sensor for patient activity tracking. In designing the textile electrodes, their performance in ECG measurement was investigated. Two main influencing factor

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Su, Po-Cheng, Ya-Hsin Hsueh, Ming-Ta Ke, Jyun-Jhe Chen, and Ping-Chen Lai. "Noncontact ECG Monitoring by Capacitive Coupling of Textiles in a Chair." Journal of Healthcare Engineering 2021 (June 16, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6698567.

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Some patients are uncomfortable with being wired to a device to have their heart activity measured. Accordingly, this study adopts a noncontact electrocardiogram (ECG) measurement system using coupled capacitance in a conductive textile. The textiles can be placed on a chair and are able to record some of the patient’s heart data. Height and distance between the conductive textile electrodes were influential when trying to obtain an optimal ECG signal. A soft and highly conductive textile was used as the electrode, and clothing was regarded as capacitance insulation. The conductive textile and

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Lee, Won Jae, Jin Yeong Park, Hyun Jin Nam, and Sung-Hoon Choa. "The development of a highly stretchable, durable, and printable textile electrode." Textile Research Journal 89, no. 19-20 (2019): 4104–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517519828992.

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In textile and wearable electronics, the demand for a stretchable, durable, and easily manufacturable electrode is ever increasing. This paper describes the development of a highly stretchable and durable textile electrode fabricated by simple stencil and screen printing methods. It specifically investigated the effects of an interface layer as a planarization layer between the conductive electrode and the textile on the durability of the textile electrode. A stretchable conductive paste was synthesized by mixing Ag flake powder in polyester. The conductive electrode was encapsulated with Ecof

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Dölker, Eva-Maria, Yasemin Cabuk, Tino Kühn, and Jens Haueisen. "Comparison of TENS electrodes and textile electrodes for electrocutaneous warning." PLOS One 20, no. 6 (2025): e0318289. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0318289.

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Electrocutaneous stimulation can be employed to alert workers in potentially hazardous situations. Previous parameter studies used TENS electrodes during the developmental process of the electrical warning system. As a step towards more practicability, we now focus on electrocutaneous stimulation through wearable textile electrodes. In order to determine the feasibility of a novel textile electrode cuff in comparison to previously used TENS electrodes, two studies were conducted. In a study on n = 30 participants, perception, attention, muscle twitch, and intolerance thresholds as well as qual

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Tseghai, Granch Berhe, Benny Malengier, Kinde Anlay Fante, and Lieva Van Langenhove. "Validating Poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene) Polystyrene Sulfonate-Based Textile Electroencephalography Electrodes by a Textile-Based Head Phantom." Polymers 13, no. 21 (2021): 3629. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13213629.

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It is important to go through a validation process when developing new electroencephalography (EEG) electrodes, but it is impossible to keep the human mind constant, making the process difficult. It is also very difficult to identify noise and signals as the input signal is unknown. In this work, we have validated textile-based EEG electrodes constructed from a poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate:/polydimethylsiloxane coated cotton fabric using a textile-based head phantom. The performance of the textile-based electrode has also been compared against a commercial dry electr

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Kakiage, Kenji, Emi Fujimura, Masayuki Abe, Hajime Shinoda, Toru Kyomen, and Minoru Hanaya. "Application of Micro-Metal Textile for Flexible Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell." Key Engineering Materials 459 (December 2010): 92–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.459.92.

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As a means to make a flexible dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC), we prepared a TiO2 electrode by using a micro-metal textile made from Sn-plated Cu wires, and examined applicability of the micro-metal textile as a substrate for the electrode. The TiO2 electrodes were prepared successfully by painting a TiO2 paste to the textile using a squeegee method followed by sintering at 500 °C, and the electrodes showed no exfoliation of the TiO2 layer from the textile even when the electrode was bent to a cylindrical shape with 10-mm diameter. The solar cells constructed with these electrodes, on which N

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Song, Jinzhong, Tianshu Zhou, Zhonggang Liang, et al. "Electrochemical Characteristics Based on Skin-Electrode Contact Pressure for Dry Biomedical Electrodes and the Application to Wearable ECG Signal Acquisition." Journal of Sensors 2021 (September 15, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/7741881.

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Based on one simulated skin-electrode electrochemical interface, some electrochemical characteristics based on skin-electrode contact pressure (SECP) for dry biomedical electrodes were analysed and applied in this research. First, 14 electrochemical characteristics including 2 static impedance (SI) characteristics, 11 alternating current impedance (ACI) characteristics and one polarization voltage (PV), and 4 SECP characteristics were extracted in one electrochemical evaluation platform, and their correlation trends were statistically analysed. Second, dry biomedical electrode samples develope

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Etana, Bulcha Belay, Benny Malengier, Timothy Kwa, Janarthanan Krishnamoorthy, and Lieva Van Langenhove. "Evaluation of Novel Embroidered Textile-Electrodes Made from Hybrid Polyamide Conductive Threads for Surface EMG Sensing." Sensors 23, no. 9 (2023): 4397. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23094397.

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Recently, there has been an increase in the number of reports on textile-based dry electrodes that can detect biopotentials without the need for electrolytic gels. However, these textile electrodes have a higher electrode skin interface impedance due to the improper contact between the skin and the electrode, diminishing the reliability and repeatability of the sensor. To facilitate improved skin–electrode contact, the effects of load and holding contact pressure were monitored for an embroidered textile electrode composed of multifilament hybrid thread for its application as a surface electro

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Dölker, Eva-Maria, Stephan Lau, Daniel Gröllich, et al. "Techniken zur Bestimmung von Parametern für die elektrische Personenwarnung." ASU Arbeitsmedizin Sozialmedizin Umweltmedizin 2020, no. 10 (2020): 645–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.17147/asu-2010-9157.

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Methods for the determination of parameters for the electrical warning of persons Objectives: The aims of this publication are to present the main findings of research into the development of a wearable system for electrical warning, identify the current challenges and introduce the next research objectives. Methods: A basic study (n = 81) with self-adhesive electrodes on the right upper arm was used to investigate the influence of pulse width, electrode size and electrode position on perceived thresholds as well as qualitative and spatial perception. Varying textile cuff types were developed

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Asl, Sara Nazari, Frank Ludwig, and Meinhard Schilling. "Noise properties of textile, capacitive EEG electrodes." Current Directions in Biomedical Engineering 1, no. 1 (2015): 34–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cdbme-2015-0009.

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AbstractThe rigid surface of the conventional PCB-based capacitive electrode produces an undefined distance between the skin and the electrode surface. Therefore, the capacitance introduced by them is uncertain and can vary from electrode to electrode due to their different positions on the scalp. However, textile electrodes which use conductive fabric as electrode surfaces, are bendable over the scalp. Therefore, it provides a certain value of the capacitance which is predictable and calculable accurately if the effective distance to the scalp surface can be determined. In this paper noise ch

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Saleh, Syaidah Md, Nurul Ashikin Abdul-Kadir, Fauzan Khairi Che Harun, and Dedy H. B. Wicaksono. "Textile-based electrode for electrocardiography monitoring." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 9, no. 6 (2020): 2311–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v9i6.2198.

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The increasing demand of smart garment for monitoring people’s health is due to comfortability, lightweight and flexibility properties of the textile could offer to the user. The textile-based electrocardiography (ECG) electrode is an alternative of commercially available silver/silver chloride (Ag/AgCl) electrode which could cause skin allergies to certain users and is not suitable for long-term monitoring electrode. In this paper, we report the performance of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) coated cotton fabric electrode to the effect of longevity and temperature. The ECG waveform and signal-to

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Syaidah, Md Saleh, Ashikin Abdul-Kadir Nurul, Khairi Che Harun Fauzan, and H. B. Wicaksono Dedy. "Textile-based electrode for electrocardiography monitoring." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 9, no. 6 (2020): 2311–18. https://doi.org/10.11591/eei.v9i6.2198.

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The increasing demand of smart garment for monitoring people"s health is due to comfortability, lightweight and flexibility properties of the textile could offer to the user. The textile-based electrocardiography (ECG) electrode is an alternative of commercially available silver/silver chloride (Ag/AgCl) electrode which could cause skin allergies to certain users and is not suitable for long-term monitoring electrode. In this paper, we report the performance of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) coated cotton fabric electrode to the effect of longevity and temperature. The ECG waveform and signal-to

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14

Nigusse, Abreha Bayrau, Desalegn Alemu Mengistie, Benny Malengier, Granch Berhe Tseghai, and Lieva Van Langenhove. "Wearable Smart Textiles for Long-Term Electrocardiography Monitoring—A Review." Sensors 21, no. 12 (2021): 4174. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21124174.

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The continuous and long-term measurement and monitoring of physiological signals such as electrocardiography (ECG) are very important for the early detection and treatment of heart disorders at an early stage prior to a serious condition occurring. The increasing demand for the continuous monitoring of the ECG signal needs the rapid development of wearable electronic technology. During wearable ECG monitoring, the electrodes are the main components that affect the signal quality and comfort of the user. This review assesses the application of textile electrodes for ECG monitoring from the fund

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15

Choi, Hak-Jong, Hyungjun Lim, Junhyoung Ahn, et al. "Fabrication of Laser-Induced 3D Porous Graphene Electrodes for High-Performance Textile Microsupercapacitors." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 9 (2022): 2535. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-0292535mtgabs.

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In recent decades, form factor of electronic devices is continuously evolving from flat device to curved and foldable devices to rollable devices. Electronic textile (E-textile) or electronic skin (E-skin) is attracting a lot of attention as one of the ultimate form factor devices. Many researchers have tried to change the form factor as E-textiles or E-skin for lots of electronics such as sensors, actuators, energy harvesting applications, displays, and even energy storage devices. Unlike devices such as displays and sensors that have practical applications, reliable energy storage devices in

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16

Lam, Emily, Milad Alizadeh-Meghrazi, Alessandra Schlums, et al. "Exploring textile-based electrode materials for electromyography smart garments." Journal of Rehabilitation and Assistive Technologies Engineering 9 (January 2022): 205566832110619. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20556683211061995.

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Introduction In recent years, electromyography (EMG) has been increasingly studied for wearable applications. Conventional gel electrodes for electrophysiological recordings have limited use in everyday applications such as prosthetic control or muscular therapy at home. This study investigates the efficacy and feasibility of dry-contact electrode materials employed in smart textiles for EMG recordings. Methods Dry-contact electrode materials were selected and implemented on textile substrates. Using these electrodes, EMG was recorded from the forearm of able-bodied subjects. 25% and 50% isome

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Tuvshinbayar, Khorolsuren, Guido Ehrmann, and Andrea Ehrmann. "50/60 Hz Power Grid Noise as a Skin Contact Measure of Textile ECG Electrodes." Textiles 2, no. 2 (2022): 265–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/textiles2020014.

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The electrocardiogram (ECG) is one of the most commonly measured biosignals. In particular, textile electrodes allow for the measuring of long-term ECG without skin irritation or other discomforts for the patient. Such textile electrodes, however, usually suffer from insufficient or unreliable skin contact. Thus, developing textile electrodes is impeded by the often-complicated differentiation between signal artifacts due to moving and breathing and artifacts related to unreliable skin contact. Here, we suggest a simple method of using 50/60 Hz power grid noise to evaluate the skin contact of

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18

Euler, Luisa, Li Guo, and Nils-Krister Persson. "Textile Electrodes: Influence of Knitting Construction and Pressure on the Contact Impedance." Sensors 21, no. 5 (2021): 1578. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21051578.

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Textile electrodes, also called textrodes, for biosignal monitoring as well as electrostimulation are central for the emerging research field of smart textiles. However, so far, only the general suitability of textrodes for those areas was investigated, while the influencing parameters on the contact impedance related to the electrode construction and external factors remain rather unknown. Therefore, in this work, six different knitted electrodes, applied both wet and dry, were compared regarding the influence of specific knitting construction parameters on the three-electrode contact impedan

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Goncu-Berk, Gozde, and Bilge Guvenc Tuna. "The Effect of Sleeve Pattern and Fit on E-Textile Electromyography (EMG) Electrode Performance in Smart Clothing Design." Sensors 21, no. 16 (2021): 5621. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21165621.

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When e-textile EMG electrodes are integrated into clothing, the fit of the clothing on the body, and therefore its pattern and cut become important factors affecting the EMG signal quality in relation to the seamless contact between the skin and the e-textile electrode. The research so far on these effects was conducted on commercially available clothing or in tubular sleeve forms for arms. There is no study that investigated different clothing pattern and fit conditions and their effect on e-textile EMG electrode performance. This study investigates the effect of clothing pattern and fit in E

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Erdem, Duygu, Sevil Yesilpinar, Yavuz Senol, Didem Karadibak, and Taner Akkan. "Design of TENS electrodes using conductive yarn." International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology 28, no. 3 (2016): 311–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijcst-03-2016-0030.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to develop textile-based transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) electrodes using conductive yarn to bring a solution to uncomfortable feelings and hygiene problems of conventional conductive hydrogel electrodes. It proposes washing process, resistance measurements and subjective tests to evaluate the performance of the developed textile-based electrode. Design/methodology/approach – In this study, six different textile electrode pairs were designed and produced with different patterns. Designed electrodes were washed for ten times. In order to

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Vidhya, C. M., Yogita Maithani, and Jitendra P. Singh. "Recent Advances and Challenges in Textile Electrodes for Wearable Biopotential Signal Monitoring: A Comprehensive Review." Biosensors 13, no. 7 (2023): 679. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios13070679.

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The technology of wearable medical equipment has advanced to the point where it is now possible to monitor the electrocardiogram and electromyogram comfortably at home. The transition from wet Ag/AgCl electrodes to various types of gel-free dry electrodes has made it possible to continuously and accurately monitor the biopotential signals. Fabrics or textiles, which were once meant to protect the human body, have undergone significant development and are now employed as intelligent textile materials for healthcare monitoring. The conductive textile electrodes provide the benefit of being breat

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22

Zhou, Yun, Xin Ding, Ji Yong Hu, and Ya Ru Duan. "PPy/Cotton Fabric Composite Electrode for Electrocardiogram Monitoring." Advanced Materials Research 881-883 (January 2014): 1122–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.881-883.1122.

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Textile-based electrodes are a potential choice for wearable and continuous monitoring of electrocardiogram measurements. In this paper, we present a novel composite textile electrode for ECG measurement. We chosen cotton jersey knit fabric as the substrate. Based on the substrate, polypyrrole (PPy) was coated chemically only and plated chemically electrochemically successively, respectively, to form PPy/cotton fabric composite electrode. The obtained results suggest that, first, both the composite electrodes can measure the ECG signals including P-waves, QRS complex and T-waves clearly, secon

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Li, Hongqiang, Xuelong Chen, Lu Cao, et al. "Textile-based ECG acquisition system with capacitively coupled electrodes." Transactions of the Institute of Measurement and Control 39, no. 2 (2016): 141–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0142331215600254.

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In most traditional electrocardiogram (ECG) detection procedures, wet electrodes must be glued to the skin during the procedure and may cause problems such as inconvenience and skin irritation. Furthermore, the quality of the acquired signals decreases because the glue dehydrates over time. In this study, a non-contact ECG acquisition system based on capacitive coupling textile electrodes with low-power consumption and high input impedance is presented. We designed electrodes that have a composite and textile structure. A kind of conductive textile with stainless steel wire creates these elect

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Kim, Siyeon, Sojung Lee, and Wonyoung Jeong. "EMG Measurement with Textile-Based Electrodes in Different Electrode Sizes and Clothing Pressures for Smart Clothing Design Optimization." Polymers 12, no. 10 (2020): 2406. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12102406.

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The surface electromyography (SEMG) is one of the most popular bio-signals that can be applied in health monitoring systems, fitness training, and rehabilitation devices. Commercial clothing embedded with textile electrodes has already been released onto the market, but there is insufficient information on the performance of textile SEMG electrodes because the required configuration may differ according to the electrode material. The current study analyzed the influence of electrode size and pattern reduction rate (PRR), and hence the clothing pressure (Pc) based on in vivo SEMG signal acquisi

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Sriraam, N., Uma Arun, and V. S. Prakash. "Performance Evaluation of Cardiac Signal Recording Framework (CARDIF)-A Quantitative Assessment for Long Term Monitoring Applications." Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal 17, no. 1 (2024): 31–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/bpj/2832.

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Background: Personal health monitoring with wearable electronics has gained momentum in the recent years due to its usage in flexible textile-based sensors/electrodes for recording of physiological vital parameters. Such system provides scope for long term ambulatory ECG measurement and motion tracking applications. The selection /design of textile sensors play a vital role as it has to overcome skin irritations, improve the skin-electrode impedance required for conductivity. The composition of textile materials, shape and size of the textile electrodes contributes significantly towards the co

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Brehm, Peter J., and Allison P. Anderson. "Modeling the Design Characteristics of Woven Textile Electrodes for Long-Term ECG Monitoring." Sensors 23, no. 2 (2023): 598. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23020598.

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An electrocardiograph records the periodic voltage generated by the heart over time. There is growing demand to continuously monitor the ECG for proactive health care and human performance optimization. To meet this demand, new conductive textile electrodes are being developed which offer an attractive alternative to adhesive gel electrodes but they come with their own challenges. The key challenge with textile electrodes is that the relationship between the manufacturing parameters and the ECG measurement is not well understood, making design an iterative process without the ability to prospe

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Tu, Huating, Xiaoou Li, Xiangde Lin, Chenhong Lang, and Yang Gao. "Washable and Flexible Screen-Printed Ag/AgCl Electrode on Textiles for ECG Monitoring." Polymers 15, no. 18 (2023): 3665. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15183665.

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Electrocardiogram (ECG) electrodes are important sensors for detecting heart disease whose performance determines the validity and accuracy of the collected original ECG signals. Due to the large drawbacks (e.g., allergy, shelf life) of traditional commercial gel electrodes, textile electrodes receive widespread attention for their excellent comfortability and breathability. This work demonstrated a dry electrode for ECG monitoring fabricated by screen printing silver/silver chloride (Ag/AgCl) conductive ink on ordinary polyester fabric. The results show that the screen-printed textile electro

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DiNunzio, Stephanie M., Hani E. Naguib, and Milos R. Popovic. "(Invited) scalable Design of Dry, Textile Stimulation Electrodes in User-Friendly Adjustable Garment." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2025-01, no. 37 (2025): 1797. https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2025-01371797mtgabs.

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Introduction: Functional electrical stimulation (FES) is a common neurorehabilitation technique that uses electrodes to apply electrical current to muscles to generate a functional movement often used as a therapy for those with limited motor control. Complex neuroprosthetic systems have been developed to regulate balance in individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) through closed-loop systems that apply FES to the lower limbs and trunk in response to the user moving towards an unstable state. Since these systems are designed to perform FES on various muscle groups simultaneously, many electro

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Germanova-Krasteva, Diana, and Elena Nikolova. "Deformation behavior of textile electrodes during compression." E3S Web of Conferences 207 (2020): 03002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202020703002.

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Textile electrodes are increasingly used to measure biomedical signals (ECG, EMG, EEG) needed for diagnostic activities in medical practice. Tight contact between the electrode and the human body is required to obtain a quality biopotential signal. Pressure is applied to the electrode to secure it. The aim of the work is to study the deformations caused by the applied efforts. The deformation curves of two models of textile electrodes were determined, which have been examined before and after a certain number of washing cycles (10 and 50), in a wide range of pressure changes on the electrodes

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Kaappa, Emma Sofia, Atte Joutsen, Alper Cömert, and Jukka Vanhala. "The electrical impedance measurements of dry electrode materials for the ECG measuring after repeated washing." Research Journal of Textile and Apparel 21, no. 1 (2017): 59–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rjta-04-2016-0007.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper was to offer more reliable dry electrode materials for long-term measuring and determine how repeated machine washing affects the measured impedance and surface resistance of the sample electrodes. The aim was to manufacture electrodes that could be used for the measurement of ECG. Skin friendly, metal sheet type, electrodes could be a solution. Design/methodology/approach In addition to two conventional electrodes already used in heart rate belts, the authors prepared and tested three different sheet metal electrodes. Three 20-mm-diameter electrodes were manu

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Tseghai, G. B., B. Malengier, K. A. Fante, and L. Van Langenhove. "Loop Fabric EEG Textrode for Brain Activity Monitoring." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1266, no. 1 (2023): 012019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1266/1/012019.

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Abstract Recently, metallic dry EEG electrodes have been introduced to overcome the limitation of wet electrodes, as the conductive gel used causes skin irritation and dries out over time. However, the metal dry EEG electrodes have a high weight and a stiff structure that limits them from wearable application. In this work, we have developed a textile-based EEG electrode (textrode) from silver-plated polyamide loop fabric washable up to 100 cycles. The new EEG textrode collects quality signals comparable to commercial dry Ag/AgCl EEG electrodes. The signals were detected at all major EEG bandw

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Zopf, Stephanie Flores, and Michael Manser. "Screen-printed Military Textiles for Wearable Energy Storage." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 11, no. 3 (2016): 155892501601100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/155892501601100303.

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Textile-based supercapacitors incorporated into military uniforms enable the autonomy of wearable, physiological sensors that can be safer and more comfortable for the Warfighter. Previously, researchers have incorporated supercapacitor electrode components into common textiles such as cotton and polyester, but not in military-relevant textiles that have different fabric characteristics. In order to understand how current uniforms could be transformed into energy storage, a baseline for incorporating aforesaid components onto military textiles is needed. This paper describes how screen printin

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M. Shahidi, Arash, Kalana Marasinghe, Parvin Ebrahimi, et al. "Quantification of Fundamental Textile Properties of Electronic Textiles Fabricated Using Different Techniques." Textiles 4, no. 2 (2024): 218–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/textiles4020013.

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Electronic textiles (E-textiles) have experienced an increase in interest in recent years leading to a variety of new concepts emerging in the field. Despite these technical innovations, there is limited literature relating to the testing of E-textiles for some of the fundamental properties linked to wearer comfort. As such, this research investigates four fundamental properties of E-textiles: air permeability, drape, heat transfer, and moisture transfer. Three different types of E-textiles were explored: an embroidered electrode, a knitted electrode, and a knitted structure with an embedded e

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Li, Yishu. "Wearable Electronic Devices for Electrocardiograph Measurement." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 45 (April 18, 2023): 44–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hset.v45i.7307.

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The early diagnosis of developing cardiac disease requires the steady and ongoing monitoring of electrocardiograph (ECG) signals. Wearable technology will need to advance quickly to support the daily collecting of ECG data for continuous monitoring of ECG signals in daily life. This study evaluates wearable technology's most recent advancements and potential uses for textile electrodes in ECG monitoring. In accordance with the various electrode types, several wearable device applications for monitoring ECG signals will also be shown. Wearable electrodes can be categorized as contact or non-con

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Tang, Yue, Ronghui Chang, Limin Zhang, Feng Yan, Haowen Ma, and Xiaofeng Bu. "Electrode Humidification Design for Artifact Reduction in Capacitive ECG Measurements." Sensors 20, no. 12 (2020): 3449. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20123449.

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For wearable capacitive electrocardiogram (ECG) acquisition, capacitive electrodes may cause severe motion artifacts due to the relatively large friction between the electrodes and the dielectrics. In some studies, water can effectively suppress motion artifacts, but these studies lack a complete analysis of how water can suppress motion artifacts. In this paper, the effect of water on charge decay of textile electrode is studied systematically, and an electrode controllable humidification design using ultrasonic atomization is proposed to suppress motion artifacts. Compared with the existing

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Kim, Hyelim, Soohyeon Rho, Sora Han, Daeyoung Lim, and Wonyoung Jeong. "Fabrication of Textile-Based Dry Electrode and Analysis of Its Surface EMG Signal for Applying Smart Wear." Polymers 14, no. 17 (2022): 3641. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14173641.

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Ag/AgCl hydrogel electrodes, which are wet electrodes, are generally used to acquire bio-signals non-invasively. Research concerning dry electrodes is ongoing due to the following limitations of wet electrodes: (1) skin irritation and disease when attached for a long time; (2) poor adhesion due to sweat; and (3) considerable cost due to disposable use. Accordingly, electrodes in film, embroidery, and knit forms were manufactured from conductive sheets and conductive yarns, which are typical textile-type dry electrode materials, using different manufacturing methods and conditions. The prepared

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Euler, Luisa, Li Guo, and Nils-Krister Persson. "A review of textile-based electrodes developed for electrostimulation." Textile Research Journal 92, no. 7-8 (2021): 1300–1320. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00405175211051949.

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Electrical stimulation can be used for the treatment of various nerve and muscle injuries as well as acute and chronic pain conditions. An electrical pulse is applied to a muscle or nerve to activate excitable tissue using internal or external electrodes with the aim of building muscle strength, artificially creating or supporting limb movement or reducing pain. Textile electrodes offer several advantages over conventionally used disposable surface electrodes: they are flexible and re-usable and they do not require hydrogels, thereby avoiding skin irritation and allergic reactions and enhancin

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Kim, Hyelim, Siyeon Kim, Daeyoung Lim, and Wonyoung Jeong. "Development and Characterization of Embroidery-Based Textile Electrodes for Surface EMG Detection." Sensors 22, no. 13 (2022): 4746. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22134746.

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The interest in wearable devices has expanded to measurement devices for building IoT-based mobile healthcare systems and sensing bio-signal data through clothing. Surface electromyography, called sEMG, is one of the most popular bio-signals that can be applied to health monitoring systems. In general, gel-based (Ag/AgCl) electrodes are mainly used, but there are problems, such as skin irritation due to long-time wearing, deterioration of adhesion to the skin due to moisture or sweat, and low applicability to clothes. Hence, research on dry electrodes as a replacement is increasing. Accordingl

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Nigusse, Abreha Bayrau, Benny Malengier, Desalegn Alemu Mengistie, and Lieva Van Langenhove. "A Washable Silver-Printed Textile Electrode for ECG Monitoring." Engineering Proceedings 6, no. 1 (2021): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/i3s2021dresden-10139.

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Electrocardiography (ECG) is one of the most widely used diagnostic methods to examine heart situations. This paper focuses on the development of a textile-based electrode and the study its ECG-detecting performance. We developed silver-printed textile electrodes via a the flat-screen printing of silver ink on knitted polyester fabric. The silver-printed PET fabric stayed reasonably conductive after washing and stretching, which makes it suitable for wearable applications. Moreover, the ECG measurements in static condition showed that the signal quality collected before and after washing was c

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Arquilla, Katya, Andrea Webb, and Allison Anderson. "Textile Electrocardiogram (ECG) Electrodes for Wearable Health Monitoring." Sensors 20, no. 4 (2020): 1013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20041013.

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Wearable health-monitoring systems should be comfortable, non-stigmatizing, and able to achieve high data quality. Smart textiles with electronic elements integrated directly into fabrics offer a way to embed sensors into clothing seamlessly to serve these purposes. In this work, we demonstrate the feasibility of electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring with sewn textile electrodes instead of traditional gel electrodes in a 3-lead, chest-mounted configuration. The textile electrodes are sewn with silver-coated thread in an overlapping zig zag pattern into an inextensible fabric. Sensor validation in

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Gaubert, Valentin, Hayriye Gidik, Nicolas Bodart, and Vladan Koncar. "Investigating the Impact of Washing Cycles on Silver-Plated Textile Electrodes: A Complete Study." Sensors 20, no. 6 (2020): 1739. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20061739.

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Although market prediction for smart textiles in the coming years is high, their washability will be among the main criteria for their mass adoption. Hence, the need to understand precisely how the washing process can damage them. Therefore, the best care instructions can be determined and serve as guidelines for smart textile manufacturers to control the quality of their smart garments as well as their customers to wash them cautiously. In this study, only the sensing part, silver-plated-nylon electrode sensors, is taken into account. To determine the chemical and the mechanical impacts of th

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Meding, Judith Tabea, Khorolsuren Tuvshinbayar, Christoph Döpke, and Ferdinand Tamoue. "Textile electrodes for bioimpedance measuring." Communications in Development and Assembling of Textile Products 2, no. 1 (2021): 49–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.25367/cdatp.2021.2.p49-60.

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This article deals with the development and comparison of eight different electrodes made out of a cotton fabric substrate, a silver coated yarn and partly conductive finishes, i.e. a PEDOT:PSS Orgacon ICP 1050 dip-coating and a Powersil coating. The purpose is the application especially in the medical field of angiopathy like for bioimpedance measurements during compression therapies. To be able to compare the suitability of the electrodes, various tests have been performed of the coating abrasion resistance, the stability of electrical resistance values, as well as resistance and bioimpedanc

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Doci, Dajana, Melisa Ademi, Khorolsuren Tuvshinbayar, et al. "Washing and Abrasion Resistance of Textile Electrodes for ECG Measurements." Coatings 13, no. 9 (2023): 1624. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings13091624.

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Electrocardiogram (ECG) signals are often measured for medical purposes and in sports. While common Ag/AgCl glued gel electrodes enable good electrode skin contact, even during movements, they are not comfortable and can irritate the skin during long-term measurements. A possible alternative is textile electrodes, which have been investigated extensively during the last years. These electrodes, however, are usually not able to provide reliable, constant skin contact, resulting in reduced signal quality. Another important problem is the modification of the electrode surface due to washing or ab

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Liu, Meijing, Monika Glanc-Gostkiewicz, Steve Beeby, and Kai Yang. "Fully Printed Wearable Electrode Textile for Electrotherapy Application." Proceedings 68, no. 1 (2021): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2021068012.

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Electrotherapy is a common therapeutic treatment used in pain relief. This paper presents the materials and fabrication methods used to manufacture an electrode textile for electrotherapy application. The Young’s modulus of the electrode is 0.22 MPa. The electrode textile consists of conductive tracks sandwiched between an interface layer and an encapsulation layer, and an electrode layer printed directly on top of the conductive grid patterns. The interface, conductive silver, and encapsulation layers were directly printed on fabric using screen printing. The electrode layer was printed using

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Ravichandran, Vignesh, Izabela Ciesielska-Wrobel, Md Abdullah al Rumon, Dhaval Solanki, and Kunal Mankodiya. "Characterizing the Impedance Properties of Dry E-Textile Electrodes Based on Contact Force and Perspiration." Biosensors 13, no. 7 (2023): 728. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios13070728.

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Biopotential electrodes play an integral role within smart wearables and clothing in capturing vital signals like electrocardiogram (ECG), electromyogram (EMG), and electroencephalogram (EEG). This study focuses on dry e-textile electrodes (E1–E6) and a laser-cut knit electrode (E7), to assess their impedance characteristics under varying contact forces and moisture conditions. Synthetic perspiration was applied using a moisture management tester and impedance was measured before and after exposure, followed by a 24 h controlled drying period. Concurrently, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of t

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Soroudi, Azadeh, Mikael Skrifvars, and Vincent Nierstrasz. "Novel Skin-Electrode Conductive Adhesives to Improve the Quality of Recorded Body Signals in Smart Medical Garments." Proceedings 32, no. 1 (2019): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019032009.

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A main barrier to widespread use of electrocardiography garments for long term heart monitoring of elderly and patients is a poor skin-electrode signal transfer because of a high contact impedance and sensitivity to movement. This leads to unwanted disturbances and errors in recorded signals when the patient moves or even breathe, affecting the reliability and quality of the signals especially for patients with dry/old skin. In two different projects at the University of Borås, we have developed two novel products to solve the above problem; (1) an ongoing project that has fabricated a reusabl

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Kalivel, Parameswari, Jegathambal Palanichamy, and Mano Magdalene Rubella. "Potential of Ti2O3/Zn Electrodes versus Zn by Electrocoagulation Process for Disperse Dye Removal." Asian Journal of Chemistry 31, no. 8 (2019): 1835–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2019.22097.

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Electrocoagulation methods are being used for the alternative treatment process for the remediation of textile waste water. This work primarily deals with the treatment of textile dyeing waste water followed by the utilization of waste material. The purpose of the proposed study is to evaluate the potential of electrocoagulatison process using Ti2O3/Zn electrode prepared by spray pyrolysis using TiCl3 and compared the performance with Zn electrodes. The surface morphology, structural analysis and percentage composition of the elements of the Ti2O3/Zn electrode was studied by SEM, XRD and EDS a

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Hu, Bin, and Paul Calvert. "Printed Electroluminescent Fabrics." Advances in Science and Technology 100 (October 2016): 27–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.100.27.

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Electroluminescence offers a versatile and simple route to printed light sources. A layer of poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly (styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) was inkjet printed onto polyethylene terephthalate (PET) mesh fabrics. The conductivity–transparency relationship is determined for textile-based conductors with different thicknesses of the printed PEDOT:PSS film. Alternating current powder electroluminescent devices were made by extrusion printing a layer of phosphor onto aluminum foil and then covering this with a fabric electrode. These devices are compared with indium tin oxide

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Aileni, Raluca Maria, and Laura Chiriac. "Conductive Membranes Based on Cotton Fabric Coated with Polymers for Electrode Applications." Materials 15, no. 20 (2022): 7286. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15207286.

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This paper presents the evaluation of some electrodes based on polymeric conductive membranes (polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and polyethylene glycol (PEG)) for sensor applications. The electrodes were developed using textile support (weave structure-based 100% cotton yarns) and applying conductive membrane layers deposited on the textile surface. Coating the fabrics with thin layers of conductive membranes could generate new surfaces with the electrical resistance specific to conductive samples. Laboratory tests evaluated the physicomechanical and electrical propertie

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Mahmud, Md Faisal, Md Raju Ahmed, Prasad Potluri, and Anura Fernando. "Understanding the Design and Sensory Behaviour of Graphene-Impregnated Textile-Based Piezoresistive Pressure Sensors." Sensors 25, no. 7 (2025): 2000. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25072000.

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Graphene-based textile pressure sensors are emerging as promising candidates for wearable sensing applications due to their high sensitivity, mechanical flexibility, and low energy consumption. This study investigates the design, fabrication, and electromechanical behaviour of graphene-coated nonwoven textile-based piezoresistive pressure sensors, focusing on the impact of different electrode materials and fabrication techniques. Three distinct sensor fabrication methods—drop casting, electrospinning, and electro-spraying—were employed to impregnate graphene onto nonwoven textile substrates, w

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