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1
Kim, Yong K., and Armand F. Lewis. "Concepts for Energy-Interactive Textiles." MRS Bulletin 28, no. 8 (August 2003): 592–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/mrs2003.171.
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AbstractThis review examines textile fibers and fabrics in the context of their interaction with various forms of energy, such as electromagnetic (photolytic), electrical, magnetic, thermal, chemical, and mechanical. This interaction can involve conversion, storage, or management of energy. Examples are described suggesting some new material configurations that could be incorporated into textiles to create special energy-interactive textile (EITX) structures. Areas discussed are the management of electron flow (electrical resistivity) and the absorption of mechanical energy in textile fibers and fabrics. Surface resistance studies on carbon nanotubes and conductive carbon-black-filled films of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and paraffin wax show that the electrical conductivity of these materials depends upon the matrix material type and the amount of charge-carrying particles in the matrix. PMMA films filled with carbon nanotubes are found to be more electrically conductive than matrices filled with conductive carbon black. Mechanical-energy interactions of flocked textile surfaces show that in compression, they exhibit unique, gradual load-deflection behavior. This effect should be useful in applications requiring impact-energy absorption. Finally, the functional steps in an integrated energy-interactive textile system are discussed.
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Budeanu, Ramona, Antonela Curteza, and Cezar Doru Radu. "Experimental Researches Regarding the Ecological Dyeing with Natural Extracts." Autex Research Journal 14, no. 4 (December 1, 2014): 290–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aut-2014-0029.
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Abstract The concept of ‘environmental awareness’ has recently had a major impact on the textile industry and on the fashion world as well. In this context, the use of natural fibres and the development of natural dyeing processes gradually became important goals of the textile industry. Of all natural textile fibres, hemp is considered to be one of the strongest and most durable. A wide range of natural extracts have been used for natural textile coloration and dyeing. Dyes deriving from natural sources have emerged as an important alternative to synthetic dyes. Ecofriendly, nontoxic, sustainable and renewable natural dyes and pigments have been used for colouring the food substrate, leather, wood, natural fibres and fabrics from the dawn of human history. The purpose of the research is to obtain ecologically coloured fabrics for textiles by using a method of dyeing that relies on natural ingredients extracted from red beet, onion leaves and black tea. The experiments are conducted on three different types of hemp fabrics. This paper presents the results of the studies regarding the dyeing process of hemp fabrics with natural extracts, the colours of the dyed samples inspected with reflectance spectra and the CIE L*a*b* colour space measurements.
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Satharasinghe, Hughes-Riley, and Dias. "Solar Energy-Harvesting E-Textiles to Power Wearable Devices." Proceedings 32, no. 1 (December 4, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019032001.
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This work presents an innovative solar energy harvesting fabric and demonstrates its suitability for powering wearable and mobile devices. A large solar energy harvesting fabric containing 200 miniature solar cells has been shown to charge a 110 mF textile supercapacitor bank within 37 s. A series of solar energy harvesting fabrics with different design features, such as using red or black fibres, were tested and compared to a commercially available flexible solar panel outside under direct sunlight. The results showed that the solar energy harvesting fabrics had power densities that were favorable when compared to the commercially available solar cell.
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Kopponen, Päivi, Mirkka Asikainen, Riitta Törrönen, Kaisa Klemola, Jyrki Liesivuori, and Sirpa Kärenlampi. "In Vitro Cytotoxicity of Textile Dyes and Extracts of Dyed/Finished Fabrics." Alternatives to Laboratory Animals 25, no. 5 (September 1997): 539–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026119299702500510.
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The aim of this study was to investigate whether an in vitro test can give an indication of the overall toxicity of fabric extracts, and whether this toxicity correlates with the toxicity of the dyes and finishes used. Thirteen textile dyes and dyed/finished cotton fabrics were tested by using the Hepa-1 cytotoxicity test. Black sulphur and two blue reactive dyes were the most toxic, with IC50 (the concentration at which the total protein content was 50% of the protein content of non-exposed cells) values of 40–65μg/ml. The least toxic dyes, the black and yellow mix reactive dyes, had IC50 values of 825μg/ml and 703μg/ml, respectively. There was no correlation between the toxicities of the dyes and the fabric extracts; the extract from naphtholdyed fabric was the most cytotoxic. These results strongly support the hypothesis that the toxicity of a fabric extract cannot be predicted directly from the toxicity of the dye itself. The results also showed that flame-retardant and water/soil-repellent finishes can alter the cytotoxicity. In vitro tests, as exemplified by the Hepa-1 cytotoxicity test, could provide useful information for developing new ecotextiles.
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Hajipour, Abbas, Ali Shams Nateri, and Alireza Sadr Momtaz. "Estimation of fabric opacity by scanner." Sensor Review 34, no. 4 (August 26, 2014): 404–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sr-01-2013-607.
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Purpose – This study aimed to use a scanner as a low-cost method for measuring the opacity of textile fabric. Textile fabrics must have specific ranges of opacity according to their uses for shirting, curtaining, etc. In this way, opacity is an important property in the textile industry. Conventionally, textile opacity is estimated using a spectrophotometer, which is an expensive method. Design/methodology/approach – In this study a scanner was used as a low-cost method for measuring the opacity of textile fabric. The opacity was estimated by using red, green and blue (RGB) parameters of images of fabric against white and black background. Findings – The accuracy of opacity estimation was improved by converting RGB into several color spaces. The best opacity estimation was obtained by using the XYZ color space. In addition, using a regression method, the best estimation was obtained by using a fourth-order polynomial regression with the LSLM color space. Originality/value – The opacity of fabric has been measured by spectrophotometer, but in this study, the opacity of fabric was measured by scanner as a low cost device and also with novel and simple method. This method achieved acceptable accuracy for opacity estimation. The obtained result is comparable with spectrophotometer results.
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Ullrich, Julia, Martin Eisenreich, Yvonne Zimmermann, Dominik Mayer, Nina Koehne, Jacqueline F. Tschannett, Amalid Mahmud-Ali, and Thomas Bechtold. "Piezo-Sensitive Fabrics from Carbon Black Containing Conductive Cellulose Fibres for Flexible Pressure Sensors." Materials 13, no. 22 (November 16, 2020): 5150. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13225150.
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The design of flexible sensors which can be incorporated in textile structures is of decisive importance for the future development of wearables. In addition to their technical functionality, the materials chosen to construct the sensor should be nontoxic, affordable, and compatible with future recycling. Conductive fibres were produced by incorporation of carbon black into regenerated cellulose fibres. By incorporation of 23 wt.% and 27 wt.% carbon black, the surface resistance of the fibres reduced from 1.3 × 1010 Ω·cm for standard viscose fibres to 2.7 × 103 and 475 Ω·cm, respectively. Fibre tenacity reduced to 30–50% of a standard viscose; however, it was sufficient to allow processing of the material in standard textile operations. A fibre blend of the conductive viscose fibres with polyester fibres was used to produce a needle-punched nonwoven material with piezo-electric properties, which was used as a pressure sensor in the very low pressure range of 400–1000 Pa. The durability of the sensor was demonstrated in repetitive load/relaxation cycles. As a regenerated cellulose fibre, the carbon-black-incorporated cellulose fibre is compatible with standard textile processing operations and, thus, will be of high interest as a functional element in future wearables.
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LILIANA, BUHU, NEGRU DANIELA, LOGHIN EMIL CONSTANTIN, and BUHU ADRIAN. "Analysis of tensile properties for conductive textile yarn." Industria Textila 70, no. 02 (2019): 116–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.35530/it.070.02.1517.
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In this paper conductive yarns were made by coating the yarns with a solution having carbon black nanoparticles (CB) with an average diameter of 18 nm, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and water. For a continuous coating deposition it is necessary to obtain a solution of a certain consistency; for this reason, carbon black nanoparticles are mixed with the ingredients so that the resulting film deposited as a thin layer on the yarn to be conductive, and at the same time flexible. The carbon black nanoparticles tend to form aggregates; this is why the solution should be stirred continuously. The yarns used as support are different from the nature, fineness and structure point of view. Several variants of yarns were chosen in order to decide which ones are appropriate for obtaining conductive yarns that keep their specific initial properties. The variants of conductive yarns obtained were tested in terms of physical and mechanical properties (tensile strength, elongation), and from the viewpoint of electrical properties, electrical resistivity was measured. After coating the conductive layer, yarns shows greater rigidity, but can be used to obtain textile materials such as woven fabrics. After performing the measurements, it can be concluded that the yarns coated with a conductive solution based on CB shows electrical conductivity and can be used for obtaining conductive textile fabrics.
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BENLI, HÜSEYIN. "ULTRASOUND ASSISTED BIO-DYEING OF SOME TEXTILE MATERIALS WITH BLACK CARROT (DAUCUS CAROTA L.) EXTRACT." Cellulose Chemistry and Technology 55, no. 3-4 (April 20, 2021): 325–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.35812/cellulosechemtechnol.2021.55.32.
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"This study has been conducted to find out whether black carrot extract can be used as a dyestuff to dye textile materials. For this purpose, the two most widely used textiles (namely, cotton and wool) have been selected. The extractions from the black carrot were performed directly in the dyebath. An ultrasonic bath at 80 °C for 60 minutes was used to increase extraction efficiency. All the dyeing processes were carried out at 100 °C for 60 minutes, both with and without some metal salts, using two different dye concentrations in 1:1 and 1:10 ratios (material weight:dye extraction volume). Six different metal salts, i.e. K2Cr2O7, CuSO45H2O, FeSO47H2O, SnCl22H2O, ZnSO47H2O, KAl(SO4)2.12H2O, were used in the dyeing processes, according to pre- and simultaneous mordanting methods. After the dyeing processes, the dyed samples’ CIE L*a*b* and color efficiency K/S values were determined by spectrophotometry. The SEM and FTIR data of the fabrics were collected and evaluated at the end of the trials as well. At the same time, perspiration, rubbing, washing and light fastness values of the dyed materials were also assessed. Acceptable fastness test results were obtained for the dyed samples. The findings of the study indicated that the dyeability performance of wool and cotton fabrics with black carrot (Daucus carota L.) extract could be greatly influenced by the mordant used and its application method."
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Liu, Zhi Mei, Ming Su Song, and Yan Hua Lu. "Properties of Sorghum Red Pigment and its Application to Rayon Fabric Dyeing." Advanced Materials Research 821-822 (September 2013): 638–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.821-822.638.
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Natural dye sorghum red pigment is a kind of natural product from sorghum shell. In this paper, the sorghum red pigment was extracted from a black sorghum shell produced. The spectrum property of and photostability were analysized. The results showed that the maximum absorption wavelength of the sorghum red pigment changed with pH values. The light stability changed with pH values under light and no light conditions. Then rayon fabrics were dyed with direct dyeing method by orthogonal experiments. The result indicated that the sorghum red pigment has good property for rayon fabric dyeing, the rubbing and washing color fastness of rayon fabric samples are reach to the requirement of textile dyeing.
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Wielewski, Leonardo Pellizzari, Tatiana Zuccolotto, Marlene Soares, Liziê Daniela Tentler Prola, and Marcus Vinicius de Liz. "Degradation of the Textile Dye Reactive Black 5 by Basidiomycetes." Ambiente e Agua - An Interdisciplinary Journal of Applied Science 15, no. 1 (February 3, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.4136/ambi-agua.2464.
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Reactive Black 5 (RB5) is one of the synthetic reactive dyes most used in the textile industry, due to its solubility in water and reactive groups which form covalent bonds within the fiber. In the process of dyeing fabrics, however, it is estimated that 12-14% of dyes are released into the effluent. This work evaluated the biodegradation of RB5 dye, adsorbed in polyurethane foam, by basidiomycetes (Phanerochaete chrysosporium ATCC 24725, Pleurotus ostreatus and Pleurotus floridae). Results were evaluated considering the partial- or total medium discoloration, the adsorption capacity of the dye in the polyurethane foam (PUF) and the respirometric measurements. The results showed that Phanerochaete chrysosporium was able to partially degrade 50 mg L-1 of RB5 in pH 6.0, when cultivated in Petri dishes. When this microorganism was cultivated in PUF cubes saturated with RB5 solution (50 mg L-1, pH 6.0), CO2 production reached an accumulated value of 2.16 mg on the fifteenth day, revealing the growth of the microorganism and consequently the contaminant degradation, which was used as the source of nutrients.
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AJAYI, Noah Oluwasanjo, and Elizabeth Ọlanikẹ ADÉKỌ̀YÀ. "EXAMINING THE UTILISATION OF LOCAL AND SYNTHETIC INDIGO DYES AND QUALITTY OF DYED FABRICS IN ÌTÒKÚ MARKET, ABẸ́ÒKÚTA , ÒGÙN STATE, NIGERIA." ShodhKosh: Journal of Visual and Performing Arts 2, no. 1 (March 11, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/shodhkosh.v2.i1.2021.22.
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Africans had been producing fabrics locally before the advent of Western fabrics. Àdìrẹ fabrics are purely African textile concepts; dyed with local/indigenous materials and readymade synthetic materials in Abẹ́òkúta, Òṣogbo, Ìbàdàn, Kánò, Ṣókótó, and other parts of Nigeria, and Africa at large. The study focuses on how leaves, bark of plants, and trees are utilised in producing colours of dyes. For example, shade of red can be obtained from leaves of guinea corn (sorghum village), leave of teak wood (tectona grands), leaves of henna law (Sonia intermis), bark and roots of African rose wood (ptrocerpus erinaceus), and wood of the came wood “osùn” (baphia nitida). The sap of old physic nut tree (fatopha curca) produces a black dye. Likewise, many other colours are produced when the need arises. When yellow is desired, afromosia taxifora or a root wood (Morinda lucida) or group grand are used. The mango tree bark, when dried and boiled with water gives a brown dye. Two other fruits Kigelia African and vitex grandifolia are also used for dye. There is an argument on which of the colour registered fast, is it the natural dye or the imported synthetic dye? The answer probably lies in the method of preparing and implementing the dye and the skill/creativity of the dyer. The study examines the utilisation of local and synthetic indigo dyes and quality of dyed cotton fabric in Ìtòkú market, Abẹ́òkúta , Ògùn State. Some participants were interviewed, and questionnaires were administered to respondents for data collection. The result of hypothesis tested justify that there is no significant difference between utilisation of local and imported dye in the quality of textile in relation to colours. Results and findings were discussed, comparism between the local and synthetic dyes was concluded and recommendations were made.
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Yao, Gui Fen. "Development of Bamboo Charcoal Fiber Blended Anti-Ultraviolet Fabric." Advanced Materials Research 750-752 (August 2013): 2323–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.750-752.2323.
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In order to protect the human body, developing ultraviolet protection fabric to avoid excessive ultraviolet radiation. The main factors influencing the solar ultraviolet radiation protective properties of anti-ultraviolet fabric are: the type of fiber, yarn properties, fabric structure parameters and fabric color, etc. In order to development anti-ultraviolet protective fabric, we change three parameters of fabric that is the color of textile fabrics, warp density and fabric structure. The yarn selected in the experiment is blended yarn of bamboo charcoal fiber/silk/tencel 30/30/40, and the color of the yarn is gray or black. The sodium copper chlorophyll of bamboo fiber is safety, excellent ultraviolet absorbent; the fabric warp density is designed for 240/10cm, 260/10cm, 280/10cm; fabric structure is designed for three kinds of weave, which is plain weave, compound twill and reinforced satin. Using YG(B)912E tester test the ultraviolet protection performance of the designed fabric specimen, recording its T(UVA) , T(UVB) and UPF. By the repeated orthogonal experiment method, determine which factor is significant to the performance of fabric with ultraviolet protection, and determine the optimal design scheme.
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Hu, Che-Chia, Sheng-Shan Chang, and Nai-Yun Liang. "Fabrication of antistatic fibers with core/sheath and segmented-pie configurations." Journal of Industrial Textiles 47, no. 5 (August 24, 2016): 569–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1528083716665629.
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Artificial antistatic fibers due to their low cost as well as providing desirable properties based on their constitutive components, have attracted considerable interests. In the present study, bicomponent antistatic fibers with various cross-sectional configurations (i.e. core/sheath and segmented-pie structures) were produced using the mixture of carbon black/dispersing agent/PBT and polyethylene terephthalate. To investigate their practical application, woven fabrics were produced and then examined upon their antistatic characteristics as well their thermal properties, wash durability and breaking strength and elongation. Moreover, the effect of dispersing agent during fiber spinning was examined. Among the produced fibers with different structural configuration, it was concluded that the core/sheath antistatic fibers exhibited higher breaking strength and elongation, as well as lower electrical resistivity. Rheological investigations based on the pressure tests indicated that the homogeneous distribution of the fillers (e.g. carbon black) within the polyester pellets is required for manufacturing the uniform fibers. Moreover, it was determined that surface resistivity of the fabrics could be kept unchangeable even after 20 times of washing, revealing their reliable wash durability. Finally, it was found out that the mixture of carbon black/dispersing agent/PBT provides such desirable conductivity; also, the fabrics comprised of fibers with core/sheath configuration could be a good candidate for antistatic applications within the textile industry.
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Li, Xinlin, Rixuan Wang, Leilei Wang, Aizhen Li, Xiaowu Tang, Jungwook Choi, Pengfei Zhang, Ming Liang Jin, and Sang Woo Joo. "Scalable fabrication of carbon materials based silicon rubber for highly stretchable e-textile sensor." Nanotechnology Reviews 9, no. 1 (December 7, 2020): 1183–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ntrev-2020-0088.
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AbstractDevelopment of stretchable wearable devices requires essential materials with high level of mechanical and electrical properties as well as scalability. Recently, silicone rubber-based elastic polymers with incorporated conductive fillers (metal particles, carbon nanomaterials, etc.) have been shown to the most promising materials for enabling both high electrical performance and stretchability, but the technology to make materials in scalable fabrication is still lacking. Here, we propose a facile method for fabricating a wearable device by directly coating essential electrical material on fabrics. The optimized material is implemented by the noncovalent association of multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT), carbon black (CB), and silicon rubber (SR). The e-textile sensor has the highest gauge factor (GF) up to 34.38 when subjected to 40% strain for 5,000 cycles, without any degradation. In particular, the fabric sensor is fully operational even after being immersed in water for 10 days or stirred at room temperature for 8 hours. Our study provides a general platform for incorporating other stretchable elastic materials, enabling the future development of the smart clothing manufacturing.
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Powar, Ajinkya Sudhir, Anne Perwuelz, Nemeshwaree Behary, Levinh Hoang, and Thierry Aussenac. "Application of Ozone Treatment for the Decolorization of the Reactive-Dyed Fabrics in a Pilot-Scale Process—Optimization through Response Surface Methodology." Sustainability 12, no. 2 (January 8, 2020): 471. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12020471.
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The decolorization of a cotton fabric dyed with a reactive dye (C.I. Reactive Black 5) was studied using an optimized ozone-assisted process at pilot scale. Box–Behnken design was used to evaluate the effects of three parameters on the decolorization of the dyed textile, namely, pH of the treatment (3–7), ozone concentration (5–85 g/m3 of ozone), and treatment time (10–50 min). The fitted mathematical model allowed us to plot response surfaces as well as isoresponse curves and to determine optimal decolorization conditions. In this study, we have proposed a pilot-scale machine which utilizes ozone for the color stripping of the dyed cotton. This pilot-scale application opens up the route for application of ozone at an industrial scale for achieving sustainability in the textile industry.
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Nayak, Lopamudra. "A Study on Coloring Properties of Rheum emodi on Jute Union Fabrics." Journal of Textiles 2014 (February 11, 2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/593782.
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Jute-cotton and jute-wool union fabrics have been printed with colorant extracted from Rheum emodi with guar gum and albumin as thickening agents and aluminium sulphate, copper sulphate, and ferrous sulphate as mordants. Printing with Rheum emodi colorant with different mordants resulted in different shades ranging from yellowish brown, deep brown, reddish brown, and gray shades to olive black. The K/S value showed that mordants, namely, CuSO4 and FeSO4, exhibited high colour absorption regardless of the nature of material used. All the printed samples have good to excellent wash, rubbing and light fastness properties regardless of the nature of materials, mordants, and thickeners used. Guar gum is closely at par with albumin as a thickening agent and considering the cost and availability of raw material, guar gum is the better choice for the textile industry.
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Ding, Xiaojun, Ming Yu, Ziqiang Wang, Bowu Zhang, Linfan Li, and Jingye Li. "A promising clean way to textile colouration: cotton fabric covalently-bonded with carbon black, cobalt blue, cobalt green, and iron oxide red nanoparticles." Green Chemistry 21, no. 24 (2019): 6611–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9gc02084e.
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Nanoparticles with different color were covalently-bonded onto cotton fabrics, which provides a promising clean coloration method resulting lower COD, TSS, chroma and hazardous ions concentration in the wastewater than the limits of the standards.
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Canbakal Ataoglu, Nihan. "Education of basic arts by touching Seljukian inheritance." Global Journal of Arts Education 7, no. 4 (December 29, 2017): 99–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/gjae.v7i3.972.
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In this study, the transformation process of workshop with a theme of “Touching Seljukian Inheritance” from theory to application, organized in cooperation with the Department of Interior Architecture and Environmental Design in Selcuk University within the scope of Education of Basic Arts, instructed in Black Sea Technical University, Trabzon Vocational School, Department of Textile. During the workshop period that lasted two days, such characteristics as architecture, shapes, patterns and textures are analyzed in Konya Mevlana Museum, Alaaddin Mosque, Karatay Sircalı Medrese and Slender MinaretMedrese, these characteristic elements are used for application after theyare designed in accordance with principles of basic design. Following the workshop, the designs applied on a paper are transformed into lacework, various fabrics, sack clothes, ribbons, threads, flakes and paillettes, beads, mats, buttons and such other materials as aprons, bags, covers, hats, all of which made from leather and tulle, designed for daily use. The study is also involved the basic principles of design and the characteristic elements of buildings that created the urban identity, the process of manufacture from theory to application and the educational outcomes of this class for students.
Keywords:Basic design, design, theory, application, textile, identity
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Attia, Nour, Harby Ahmed, Dina Yehia, Mohamed Hassan, and Yassin Zaddin. "Novel synthesis of nanoparticles-based back coating flame-retardant materials for historic textile fabrics conservation." Journal of Industrial Textiles 46, no. 6 (July 28, 2016): 1379–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1528083715619957.
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Novel flame-retardant back coating layer for historic textile fabrics was developed. Silica nanoparticles originated from agriculture waste rice husk were prepared through one pot thermal method. The morphological and structure properties of nanoparticles were studied. The silica nanoparticles were further impregnated with organic borate producing flame-retardant composite. The obtained composite incorporated with the binder by mechanical mixing providing flame-retardant coating paste. The coating paste spread on the back surface of textile fabrics. Varied compositions of nanoparticles, binder and organic borate were studied in the back coating layer. The flammability, thermal stability and mechanical properties of the blank and treated samples of linen fabrics as an inner support to the historical textiles were investigated. Flame retardancy of the back-coated linen samples has improved achieved high class of flame-retardant textile fabrics of zero rate of burning compared to 80.3 mm/min for blank. The synergistic effect of flame retardancy between nanoparticles and organic borate was investigated. The tensile strength of the flame retardant fabrics was enhanced by 27% and elongation was improved. The effect of industrial aging on the flame retardancy and mechanical properties of flame-retardant back coating textiles was studied.
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Ali, Muhammad, Long Lin, Saira Faisal, Syed Rizwan Ali, and Syed Imran Ali. "Let-down stability and screen printability of inks prepared using non-printing ink grades of carbon black pigment." Pigment & Resin Technology 48, no. 6 (November 4, 2019): 523–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/prt-06-2019-0050.
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Purpose This paper aims to analyse the let-down stability of the binder-free dispersion of non-printing ink grades of carbon black and to assess the screen-printability of the finished inks formulated thereof from these pigment dispersions. Design/methodology/approach Binder-free pigment dispersions that were prepared and optimised following a ladder series of experiments (reported in a separate study by the authors) were let-down with three different binders such that inks containing various amounts of a binder were prepared followed by a rheological characterisation immediately after formulation and after four weeks of storage. The screen printability of the inks that displayed considerable stability was assessed, so was the ink film integrity. Findings The pigment dispersions that were considered in the present study were generally found to be stable after let-down with different binders. This was indicated by the fact that the finished inks possessed a shear thinning viscosity profiles, after formulation and after storage, in most of the cases. Furthermore, the screen printability of the inks was also found to be good in terms of registration quality of a selected design. The structure of the ink film deposits on uncoated and binder-coated textile fabrics was also highly integrated and free from discontinuities. Originality/value Carbon blacks with very low volatile matter content and/or high surface area are generally not considered suitable for use in the formulation of printing inks. This is because of their generally poor dispersability and inability to form dispersions that remain stable over extended periods. This work, which is a part of a larger study by the authors, concerns with the stability of inks formulated from binder-free dispersions of such non-printing ink grades of carbon black. The major advantage of using such pigments in inks is that the required functionality is achieved at considerably low pigment loadings.
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Zhao, Xueqing, Xin Shi, Kaixuan Liu, and Yongmei Deng. "An intelligent detection and assessment method based on textile fabric image feature." International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology 31, no. 3 (June 3, 2019): 390–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijcst-01-2018-0005.
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PurposeThe quality of produced textile fibers plays a very important role in the textile industry, and detection and assessment schemes are the key problems. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to propose a relatively simple and effective technique to detect and assess the quality of produced textile fibers.Design/methodology/approachIn order to achieve automatic visual inspection of fabric defects, first, images of the textile fabric are pre-processed by using Block-Matching and 3-D (BM3D) filtering. And then, features of textile fibers image are respectively extracted, including color, texture and frequency spectrum features. The color features are extracted by using hue–saturation–intensity model, which is more consistent with the human vision perception model; texture features are extracted by using scale-invariant feature transform scheme, which is a quite good method to detect and describe the local image features, and the obtained features are robust to local geometric distortion; frequency spectrum features of textiles are less sensitive to noise and intensity variations than spatial features. Finally, for evaluating the quality of the fabric in real time, two quantitatively metric parameters, peak signal-to-noise ratio and structural similarity, are used to objectively assess the quality of textile fabric image.FindingsCompared to the quality between production and pre-processing of textile fiber images, the BM3D filtering method is a very efficient technology to improve the quality of textile fiber images. Compared to the different features of textile fibers, like color, texture and frequency spectrum, the proposed detection and assessment method based on textile fabric image feature can easily detect and assess the quality of textiles. Moreover, the objective metrics can further improve the intelligence and performance of detection and assessment schemes, and it is very simple to detect and assess the quality of textiles in the textile industry.Originality/valueAn intelligent detection and assessment method based on textile fabric image feature is proposed, which can efficiently detect and assess the quality of textiles, thereby improving the efficiency of textile production lines.
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He, Xiu Ling, Min Feng Tang, and Wei Min Lu. "The Test Method for Anti-Pollen Performance of Mask Textiles." Advanced Materials Research 332-334 (September 2011): 1511–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.332-334.1511.
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Pollen can go into human body with breathing. According to this fact, we use air-attracting to fabric for simulating breathing as test method. A black paper with same size is put behind the fabric. Pollen can go through fabric onto the paper by air-attracting. According to the change of paper quality before and after air-attracting, we can calculate the percentage of pollen quality change through fabric. And this value can represent the anti-pollen performance of fabrics.
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Rovira, Joaquim, Martí Nadal, Marta Schuhmacher, and José L. Domingo. "Trace elements in skin-contact clothes and migration to artificial sweat: Risk assessment of human dermal exposure." Textile Research Journal 87, no. 6 (July 21, 2016): 726–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517516639816.
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The concentrations of a considerable number of trace elements (Ag, Al, As, B, Ba, Be, Bi, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Sc, Se, Sm, Sn, Sr, Ti, Tl, V and Zn) were determined in various skin-contact clothes (T-shirts, blouses, socks, baby pajamas and bodies) from the Catalan (Spain) market. In addition, migration experiments with artificial acidic sweat were conducted in order to establish the migration rates of these elements. High levels of Zn (186–5749 mg/kg) were found in zinc pyrithione labeled T-shirts, while high concentrations of Sb and Cr were found in polyester and black polyamide fabrics, respectively. An environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) confirmed the presence of Ag and Ti particles and aggregates in several clothing items. The use of the ESEM complemented the results of the elemental analysis and migration experiments. Dermal exposure to trace elements was subsequently calculated, and the human health risks were assessed. Antimony showed the highest mean hazard quotient (HQ = 0.4) for male and female adults wearing polyester clothes; for one of the examined items (polyester T-shirt) the HQ was even above the safety limit (HQ > 1). Exposure to Sb from polyester textile could mean potential health risks in subpopulation groups who frequently wear these clothes, and for long time periods. The migration experiments with artificial sweat showed to be essential for establishing the exposure to trace elements through cloth with direct contact with skin.
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Attia, Nour F., Mohamed H. Soliman, and Sahar S. El-Sakka. "Facile Route for Synthesis of Novel Flame Retardant, Reinforcement and Antibacterial Textile Fabrics Coatings." Coatings 10, no. 6 (June 19, 2020): 576. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings10060576.
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New and innovative textile fabrics coatings were facilely developed. The coating was developed based on synthesis of novel charring and antibacterial organic agent in conjunction with chitosan. N-[2,3-dibromo-4-(4-methoxy-3-methylphenyl)-4-oxobutanoyl]anthranilic acid was synthesized as organic antibacterial, reinforcement, and charring agent (OA) and then, dispersed in chitosan solution followed by coating on textile fabrics using immersion route forming new flame retardant coating layer. The developed organic molecule structure was elucidated using spectroscopic techniques. The mass loadings of developed organic agent dispersed in chitosan solution were varied between 20–60 wt.%. The coated textile fabrics have special surface morphology of fiber shape aligned on textile fibers surface. The thermal stability and charring residues of the coated textile fabrics were enhanced when compared to blank and organic agent free coated samples. Furthermore, the flammability properties were evaluated using LOI (limiting oxygen index) and UL94 tests. Therefore, the coated textile fabrics record significant enhancement in flame retardancy achieving first class flame retardant textile of zero mm/min rate of burning and 23.8% of LOI value compared to 118 mm/min. rate of burning and 18.2% for blank textile, respectively. The tensile strength of the coated textile fabrics was enhanced, achieving 51% improvement as compared to blank sample. Additionally, the developed coating layer significantly inhibited the bacterial growth, recording 18 mm of clear inhibition zone for coated sample when compared to zero for blank and chitosan coated ones.
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Kaynak, Akif, Ali Zolfagharian, Toby Featherby, Mahdi Bodaghi, M. A. Parvez Mahmud, and Abbas Z. Kouzani. "Electrothermal Modeling and Analysis of Polypyrrole-Coated Wearable E-Textiles." Materials 14, no. 3 (January 24, 2021): 550. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14030550.
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The inhomogeneity of the resistance of conducting polypyrrole-coated nylon–Lycra and polyester (PET) fabrics and its effects on surface temperature were investigated through a systematic experimental and numerical work including the optimization of coating conditions to determine the lowest resistivity conductive fabrics and establish a correlation between the fabrication conditions and the efficiency and uniformity of Joule heating in conductive textiles. For this purpose, the effects of plasma pre-treatment and molar concentration analysis of the dopant anthraquinone sulfonic acid (AQSA), oxidant ferric chloride, and monomer pyrrole was carried out to establish the conditions to determine the sample with the lowest electrical resistance for generating heat and model the experiments using the finite element modeling (FEM). Both PET and nylon-Lycra underwent atmospheric plasma treatment to functionalize the fabric surface to improve the binding of the polymer and obtain coatings with reduced resistance. Both fabrics were compared in terms of average electrical resistance for both plasma treated and untreated samples. The plasma treatment induced deep black coatings with lower resistance. Then, heat-generating experiments were conducted on the polypyrrole (PPy) coated fabrics with the lowest resistance using a variable power supply to study the distribution and maximum value of the temperature. The joule heating model was developed to predict the heating of the conductive fabrics via finite element analysis. The model was based on the measured electrical resistance at different zones of the coated fabrics. It was shown that, when the fabric was backed with neoprene insulation, it would heat up quicker and more evenly. The average electrical resistance of the PPy-PET sample used was 190 Ω, and a maximum temperature reading of 43 °C was recorded. The model results exhibited good agreement with thermal camera data.
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Rivers, David B., Brendan Dunphy, Claire Hammerschmidt, and Alexandra Carrigan. "Characterization of Insect Stains Deposited by Calliphora vicina (Diptera: Calliphoridae) on Shirt Fabrics." Journal of Medical Entomology 57, no. 5 (March 12, 2020): 1399–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjaa052.
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Abstract Despite the fact that necrophagous flies are known to alter bloodstains and create unique artifacts, no research has occurred to date that has examined the characteristics of insect stains on textiles or fabrics. This study represents the first effort to characterize artifacts produced by adult Calliphora vicina Robineau-Desvoidy deposited on a range of shirt fabrics that varied in type, color, orientation, and yarn tension. In general, artifact morphology on any type of fabric was distorted in comparison to those observed on smooth and/or nonporous surfaces in previous studies. Consequently, distinction of artifact type could only be made broadly as digestive artifacts and transfer patterns, in which the latter was predominantly detected as tarsal tracks. None of the artifacts displayed satellite stains typical of human bloodstains found on textiles. Wicking was evident on all fabrics but was most pronounced with dri wick and jersey knit polyester in comparison to cotton knit. Digestive artifacts on any colored fabric, but especially with green and yellow shirt samples, resembled the reported color, size, and morphology of bloodstains generated in laboratory studies on a range of fabrics. Unique digestive artifacts were also detected as small, black, and nearly spherical. These defecatory stains did not appear to wet or wick into any of the fabrics. Digestive artifacts and tarsal tracks differentially interacted with front face stitch loops of clothing fabrics to yield distinct stain patterns. The implications of these observations in reference to bloodstain pattern analysis at crime scenes are discussed.
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Koncar, V., C. Cochrane, M. Lewandowski, F. Boussu, and C. Dufour. "Electro‐conductive sensors and heating elements based on conductive polymer composites." International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology 21, no. 2/3 (February 27, 2009): 82–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09556220910933808.
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PurposeThe need for sensors and actuators is an important issue in the field of smart textiles and garments. Important developments in sensing and heating textile elements consist in using non‐metallic yarns, for instance carbon containing fibres, directly in the textile fabric. Another solution is to use electro‐conductive materials based on conductive polymer composites (CPCs) containing carbon or metallic particles. The purpose of this paper is to describe research based on the use of a carbon black polymer composite to design two electro‐conductive elements: a strain sensor and a textile heating element.Design/methodology/approachThe composite is applied as a coating consisting of a solvent, a thermoplastic elastomer, and conductive carbon black nanoparticles. In both applications, the integration of the electrical wires for the voltage supply or signal recording is as discreet as possible.FindingsThe CPC materials constitute a well‐adapted solution for textile structures: they are very flexible, and thus do not modify the mechanical characteristics and general properties of the textile structure.Research limitations/implicationsIn the case of the heating element, the use of metallic yarns as electrodes makes the final structure a more rigid. This can be improved by choosing other conducting yarns that are more flexible, or by developing knitted structures instead of woven fabrics.Practical implicationsThe CPC provide a low cost solution, and the elements are usually designed so as to work with a low voltage supply.Originality/valueThe CPC has been prepared with a solvent process which is especially adapted to flexible materials like textiles. This is original in comparison to the conventional melt‐mixing process usually found in literature.
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Samin, Mohd Azhar, Nor Azrin Ramli, and Rafeah Legino. "Block Batik from Natural Material of Soil on Fabric Dyes." Environment-Behaviour Proceedings Journal 6, SI5 (August 30, 2021): 107–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v6isi5.2934.
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Natural elements of soil are a potential medium for block batik. The local batik producers usually use synthetic dyes, which contributed pollute the environment. There is a need for more natural dye options in block batik fabric dyeing. The practices effectively reduce waste emissions. This option will support an alternative to the batik industries, which is the current issues dealing with environmental challenges that sparked this project. This study employs an experimental textile approach. This study aims to identify soil types that can be used as colourants on fabrics suitable for batik block printing. This study will introduce eco-friendly dyes to the local batik industry. Keywords: Batik; Block; Dyes; Fabric; Natural material; Soil eISSN: 2398-4287© 2021. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians/Africans/Arabians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v6iSI5.2934
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Surikova, Olga V., Victor E. Kuzmichev, and Galina I. Surikova. "Improvment of Clothes Fit for Different Female Bodies." Autex Research Journal 17, no. 2 (June 27, 2017): 111–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aut-2016-0003.
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Abstract The factors influencing for fit and suit of women’s clothing have been studied. The main reason of misfit is the nonconformity between the front and back width of pattern block, the corresponding body sizes taken across the hipline, and the textile materials properties. To predict the behavior of textile fabrics in real clothes including the shear deformation and wrinkles appearing, the special test and device have been designed. The developed method of pattern block making includes the test of clothes proportionality based on the female bodies sizes, pattern block indexes, and textile fabrics properties. Features of “figure-clothes” systems in-cluding the vertical designing lines, styles, volume of clothes, ease allowance and its distribution between the back, armhole, and front of the pattern blocks were taken into consideration. Recommendations in terms of selecting the proper design of style for different sizes of female bodies have been made.
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Pahalagedara, Lakshitha R., Induni W. Siriwardane, Nadeeka D. Tissera, Ruchira N. Wijesena, and K. M. Nalin de Silva. "Carbon black functionalized stretchable conductive fabrics for wearable heating applications." RSC Advances 7, no. 31 (2017): 19174–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ra02184d.
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Turlyun, L. N., and N. V. Frantseva. "TEXTILE ORNAMENT. EVOLUTION FROM BLOCK PRINTING TO COMPUTER TECHNOLOGIES." Arts education and science 1, no. 1 (2021): 157–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.36871/hon.202101018.
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The article is devoted to technologies of pattern printing on fabric. It provides a historical overview of the development of printing techniques, examines the main stages of this process in terms of technology innovation and evolution of technical means. It also systematizes the information available in the literature about traditional methods and new technologies for pattern printing on textile, technical means for implementing these technologies. Such concepts as block printing, manner, machine printing, flat and roll printing, direct printing, transfer printing, digital printing, photo printing are revealed. The authors also touch upon the history of the art of handicraft printing in Russia, emphasizing that the first Russian masters to apply images on fabric were icon painters, who decorated church interiors with ornamental patterns and created drawings for handwritten books. It is noted that mechanization became an important stage in the development of Russian textile industry, which significantly increased the speed of fabric production and its artistic design. The article reviews the main types of modern fabric printing techniques, as well as graphic editors for creating patterns and drawings. Advantages and disadvantages of modern digital technologies on textile are discovered.
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Sh., Fayed, Allam M., and Mostafa F. "TEXTILE FABRIC TREATMENT AGAINST RADAR DETECTION USING CARBON BLACK." International Conference on Chemical and Environmental Engineering 3, no. 3 (May 1, 2006): 338–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/iccee.2006.41090.
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Sąsiadek, Elżbieta, Malwina Jaszczak, Joanna Skwarek, and Marek Kozicki. "NBT-Pluronic F-127 Hydrogels Printed on Flat Textiles as UV Radiation Sensors." Materials 14, no. 12 (June 21, 2021): 3435. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14123435.
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This work reports on the surface-modified woven fabrics for use as UV radiation sensors. The cotton and polyamide fabrics were printed with radiochromic hydrogels using a screen-printing method. The hydrogels used as a printing paste were composed of water, poly(ethylene oxide)-block-poly(propylene oxide)-block-poly(ethylene oxide) (Pluronic F-127) as a gel matrix and nitro blue tetrazolium chloride as a radiation-sensitive compound. The development of the hydrogels’ colour occurs after exposure to UV radiation and its intensity increases with increasing absorbed dose. The features of the NBT-Pluronic F-127 radiochromic hydrogels and the fabrics printed with the hydrogels were examined using UV-Vis and reflectance spectrophotometry as well as scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The effects of NBT concentration and UV radiation type (UVA, UVB, UVC) on dose responses of the hydrogels and printed fabrics were also examined. The results obtained reveal that the fabrics printed with NBT-Pluronic F-127 hydrogels can be potentially useful as UV radiation sensors.
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Korger, Michael, Alexandra Glogowsky, Silke Sanduloff, Christine Steinem, Sofie Huysman, Bettina Horn, Michael Ernst, and Maike Rabe. "Testing thermoplastic elastomers selected as flexible three-dimensional printing materials for functional garment and technical textile applications." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 15 (January 2020): 155892502092459. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1558925020924599.
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Three-dimensional printing has already been shown to be beneficial to the fabrication of custom-fit and functional products in different industry sectors such as orthopaedics, implantology and dental technology. Especially in personal protective equipment and sportswear, three-dimensional printing offers opportunities to produce functional garments fitted to body contours by directly printing protective and (posture) supporting elements on textiles. In this article, different flexible thermoplastic elastomers, namely, thermoplastic polyurethanes and thermoplastic styrene block copolymers with a Shore hardness range of 67A–86A are tested as suitable printing materials by means of extrusion-based fused deposition modelling. For this, adhesion force, abrasion and wash resistance tests are conducted using various knitted and woven workwear and sportswear fabrics primarily made of cotton, polyester or aramid as textile substrates. Due to polar interactions between thermoplastic polyurethane and textile substrates, excellent adhesion and high fastness to washing is observed. While fused-deposition-modelling-printed polyether-based thermoplastic polyurethane polymers keep their abrasion–resistant properties, polyester-based thermoplastic polyurethanes are more prone to hydrolysis and can be partially degraded if presence of moisture cannot be excluded during polymer processing and printing. Thermoplastic styrene compounds generally exhibit lower adhesion and abrasion resistance, but these properties can be sufficient depending on the requirements of a particular application. Soft thermoplastic styrene filaments can be processed down to a Shore hardness of 70A resulting in three-dimensional printed parts with good quality and comfortable soft-touch surface. Finally, three demonstrator case studies are presented covering the entire process to realize the customized and three-dimensional printed textile. This encompasses product development and fabrication of a textile integrated custom-fit back protector and knee protector as well as customized functionalization of a technical interior textile for improved acoustic comfort. In the future, printing material modifications by compounding processes have to be taken into account for optimized functional performance.
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Taskin, Mesut, and Serkan Erdal. "Reactive dye bioaccumulation by fungus Aspergillus niger isolated from the effluent of sugar fabric-contaminated soil." Toxicology and Industrial Health 26, no. 4 (March 17, 2010): 239–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0748233710364967.
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The present study dealt with the decolorization of textile dye Reactive Black-5 by actively growing mycelium of Aspergillus niger MT-1 in molasses medium. It was found that the fungus, which was isolated from the effluent of sugar fabric-contaminated soil, was capable of decolorizing the Reactive Black-5 dye in a wide range of temperature, shaking speed and pH values. The experiments also revealed that highest dye decolorization efficiency was achieved with cheap carbon (molasses sucrose) and nitrogen (ammonium chloride) sources. Under the optimized culture conditions, the complete decolorization (100%) of 0.1 g/L dye was achieved in 60 hours. The dominant mechanism of dye removal by the fungus was found to be probably bioaccumulation. Fungal growth in small uniform pellet form was found to be better for dye bioacumulation. Molass as carbon source increased dye bioaccumulation by stimulating the mycelial growth in small uniform pellet form. The maximum bioaccumulation efficiency of fungus for dye was 91% (0.273 g bioaccumulated dye) at an initial dye concentration of 0.3 g/L in 100 hours. It was shown for the first time in the present study that the effluent of sugar fabric-contaminated soil was a good source of microorganisms, being capable of decolorizing snythetic textile dyes.
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Lu, Liu, Zhuang Qinliang, Li Yawei, Zhou Qingqing, and Liu Gaohui. "Fabrication of capsule-like inflatable woven fabric used for tunnel plugs." Journal of Industrial Textiles 48, no. 5 (December 27, 2017): 941–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1528083717750884.
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Considering safe and continuous operation of the subway tunnel, apart from the conventional drainage system, the entrances or exits of tunnels generally are designed to install special devices to block the influx of either floods due to sudden storms or harmful gases caused by terrorist attack. Traditional devices include metal plates or sandbags. In recent years, researchers have invented textile-based capsule-like inflatable device to replace the traditional devices because the new one can be flexibly located in the tunnel, capable of blocking fluids completely, light-weight and low cost. However, the fabrication of capsule-like textile structure has been seldom discussed in the literature. The capsule-like textile structure is either created by fabric weaving followed by sewing for the capsule form, which may result in unevenness of stress distribution due to existence of seams in the structure, or produced by expensive and specially designed weaving equipment. This paper is to explore two different fabrications of capsule-like textile structure for the purpose that the device is evenly structured and can be produced in one step with conventional weaving loom. The techniques of fabrication with trapezoid-formed reed as well as the application of double-layered structure have been investigated. The contour of spherical crown of capsule-like structure is well in line with calculated values.
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MARU, Hiroki, Shoji SAITO, Hiroyuki KANAI, and Toyonori NISHIMATSU. "Assessment model of Fabric Appearance for Black Fabric in Experts on Textiles and Non-experts." Journal of Textile Engineering 62, no. 6 (2016): 143–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4188/jte.62.143.
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Labanieh, Ahmad Rashed, Christian Garnier, Pierre Ouagne, Olivier Dalverny, and Damien Soulat. "Analysis of the multilayer woven fabric behaviour during the forming process: focus on the loss of cohesion within the woven fibre network." Mechanics & Industry 20, no. 4 (2019): 407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/meca/2019016.
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The first step in the composite manufacturing process consists of forming a flat textile reinforcing structure into a 3D shape. The quality of the final composite part is affected by the presence of defects induced during the forming process. Loss of cohesion in the woven fibre network (intra-ply yarn sliding) is a frequent defect in the forming process. It is expected when the cohesion between the yarns is weak or when the blank holder pressure is high. However, the mechanism of formation of this defect is not fully understood. In the present study, forming experiments with friction-based holder have been conducted for a monolayer twill woven carbon fabric in two orientations and for two plies of this fabric with different relative orientations. The occurrence of the intra-ply yarns sliding has been observed as a function of the blank holder pressure. A correlation between the occurrence of this defect and the fabric orientation has been noticed. Furthermore, the effect of the fabric orientation, number of plies, relative plies orientation and blank holder pressure on the recorded forming force and on the fabric in-plane shear is also reported and analysed.
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Kuo, Chung-Feng Jeffrey, Jiong-Bo Chen, Po-Yen Chen, and Garuda Raka Satria Dewangga. "Synthesis of acrylic hot-melt adhesive based on poly(methyl methacrylate)-b-poly(2-ethylhexyl acrylate) copolymer using atom transfer radical polymerization for a nylon fabric bonding system." Textile Research Journal 89, no. 23-24 (May 24, 2019): 5177–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517519850836.
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Adhesives, such as hot-melt adhesives (HMAs), are widely used in the textile industry for bonding layers of materials and have replaced traditional sewing methods. The block copolymer is a common type of HMA that provides excellent physical features and mechanical properties compared with others. Acrylate-based monomers, methyl methacrylate (MMA), and 2-ethylhexyl acrylate (2-EHA) were used as ingredients to form a linear block copolymer using atom transfer radical polymerization. MMA provides excellent cohesive strength, while 2-EHA provides good adhesion properties. An end-brominated poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA-Br) macroinitiator was synthesized from a MMA monomer and initiator, with the best composition obtained by the addition of a 0.6 mol initiator. The macroinitiator had the lowest molecular weight with highest conversion (97%). The addition of a 0.3 mol macroinitiator showed the lowest molecular weight with the highest conversion of acrylic copolymer PMMA- b-poly(2-ethylhexyl acrylate) (PEHA). The glass transition temperature increased with the addition of the macroinitiator concentration, from −43.7℃ to −37.6℃. The thermal stability was reduced with the addition of macroinitiator content, from 332.37℃ to 286.81℃. The shear strength and peel strength of the PMMA- b-PEHA HMAs on nylon fabrics were enhanced from 11.24 to 16.92 kg cm−2 and from 0.29 to 0.61 kg cm−1, respectively, and did not change significantly after being washed 50 times and then kept in low-temperature storage, with the addition of the macroinitiator concentration. The block copolymer PMMA- b-PEHA prepared in this study could be used as a HMA for nylon fabric bonding systems.
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Li, Chunlei, Ruimin Yang, Zhoufeng Liu, Guangshuai Gao, and Qiuli Liu. "Fabric defect detection via learned dictionary-based visual saliency." International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology 28, no. 4 (August 1, 2016): 530–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijcst-12-2015-0134.
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Purpose – Fabric defect detection plays an important role in textile quality control. The purpose of this paper is to propose a fabric defect detection algorithm using learned dictionary-based visual saliency. Design/methodology/approach – First, the test fabric image is splitted into image blocks, and the learned dictionary with normal samples and defective sample is constructed by selecting the image block local binary pattern features with highest or lowest similarity comparing with the average feature vector; second, the first L largest correlation coefficients between each test image block and the dictionary are calculated, and other correlation coefficients are set to zeros; third, the sum of the non-zeros coefficients corresponding to defective samples is used to generate saliency map; finally, an improve valley-emphasis method can efficiently segment the defect region. Findings – Experimental results demonstrate that the generated saliency map by the proposed method can efficiently outstand defect region comparing with the state-of-the-art, and segment results can precisely localize defect region. Originality/value – In this paper, a novel fabric defect detection scheme is proposed via learned dictionary-based visual saliency.
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Liu, Zhoufeng, Chunlei Li, Quanjun Zhao, Liang Liao, and Yan Dong. "A fabric defect detection algorithm via context-based local texture saliency analysis." International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology 27, no. 5 (September 7, 2015): 738–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijcst-02-2014-0028.
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Purpose – Fabric defect detection plays an important role in textile quality control. The purpose of this paper is to propose a fabric defect detection algorithm via context-based local texture saliency analysis. Design/methodology/approach – In the proposed algorithm, a target image is first divided into blocks, then the Local Binary Pattern (LBP) technique is used to extract the texture features of blocks. Second, for a given image block, several other blocks are randomly chosen for calculating the LBP contrast between a given block and the randomly chosen blocks. Based on the obtained contrast information, a saliency map is produced. Finally, saliency map is segmented by using an optimal threshold, which is obtained by an iterative approach. Findings – The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm, integrating local texture features and global image texture information, can detect texture defects effectively. Originality/value – In this paper, a novel fabric defect detection algorithm via context-based local texture saliency analysis is proposed.
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Gotoh, Keiko, Eriko Shohbuke, and Gyohni Ryu. "Application of atmospheric pressure plasma polymerization for soil guard finishing of textiles." Textile Research Journal 88, no. 11 (March 16, 2017): 1278–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517517698988.
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Surface coating by atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ) polymerization was employed to achieve soil guard protection of textiles. Hexamethyldisiloxane was chosen as a precursor for depositing silicon oxide layers on the fiber surface. Plain-woven polyester and rayon filament fabrics and a geometrically simple poly (ethylene terephthalate) film were used as substrates, which were treated by the APPJ polymerization and by the commonly used two fluorochemical resins for comparison. The samples subjected to the APPJ polymerization showed superior water repellency as compared to the resin-treated samples. Interestingly, the APPJ polymerization provided oleophobicity to diiodomethane and oleophilicity to hexadecane. The deposition of model particulate soils, carbon black and red clay, on the fabrics and the film was evaluated by the surface reflectance method and by microscope image analysis, respectively. It was found that the APPJ polymerization remarkably prevented soil deposition as compared to the treatment with two fluorochemical resins. Contrary to our expectations, the APPJ polymerization did not significantly affect the removal of the particulate soils from the substrates by aqueous cleaning.
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Cherunova, Irina, Elena Yakovleva, and Ekaterina Stefanova. "Study of the industrial contaminations containing hydrocarbon components and their effect on correlation of protective properties of textiles for clothes." MATEC Web of Conferences 226 (2018): 02027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201822602027.
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The article represents trends and results of world investigations for safety of textile materials for humans and environment. The algorithm for identification of potential influence vector of chemical emissions from textile and the environmentally aimed methods based on the alternative chemical substances for textile wet processing were presented. Using the procedure for oleophobic effect determination, the oil resistance levels of a number of modern fabrics for clothes were established. The experimental research results of the oil products concentration in the textile materials after chemical treatment based on the method of the capillary gas chromatography were presented. It was found out that hydrocarbons from C14H30 Tetradecane to С36Н74 Hexatriacontane are the main components with high level of contaminants concentration. The average values of hydrocarbon concentration on the cleaned up samples for the main areas of the clothe surface were determined. Accumulation of residual contaminations, based on saturated hydrocarbons (С17Н36 – С25Н52 block) and related special-purpose clothes areas, was identified. Recommendations for target-oriented correlation of the clothes protective properties were proposed. UWO (unified work order). The research was made in Don State Technical University within the framework of State Assignment of the Ministry of education and science of Russia under the project 11.9194.2017/BCh.
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Najjar, Walid, Xavier Legrand, Philippe Dal Santo, Damien Soulat, and Serge Boude. "Analysis of the Blank Holder Force Effect on the Preforming Process Using a Simple Discrete Approach." Key Engineering Materials 554-557 (June 2013): 441–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.554-557.441.
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Simulation of the dry reinforcement preforming, first step of the Resin Transfer Moulding process, become necessary to determine the feasibility of the forming process, compute the fiber directions in the final composite component, and optimize process parameters during this step. Contrary to geometrical approaches, based on fishnet algorithms, finite element methods can take into account the actual physical parameters, the real boundary conditions and the mechanical behavior of the textile reinforcement. The fabric can be modeled either as continuum media with specific material behavior [5, 6], or using discrete structural elements to describe the textile structure at the mesoscopic scale. A semi-discrete approach, which is a compromise between the above continuous and discrete approaches, is also used for simulation. A discrete approach for the simulation of the preforming of dry woven reinforcement has been proposed and presented in a previous paper. This modelling is based on a “unit cell” formulated with elastic isotropic shells coupled to axial connectors. The connectors, which replace bars or beams largely studied in other discrete approaches, reinforce the structure in the yarn directions and naturally capture the specific anisotropic behavior of fabric. Shell elements are used to take into account the in-plane shear stiffness and to manage contact phenomena with the punch and die. The linear characteristic of the connectors, has been extended to a non linear behaviour in the present paper to better account for fabric undulation. Using this numerical model, we propose, in this work to study the effect of process parameters on the woven fabric deformation during the performing step. The emphasis will be placed on the analysis of the influence of the blank holder pressure on the shear angle distribution.
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Belay, Abebe, Melaku Mekuria, and Getachew Adam. "Incorporation of zinc oxide nanoparticles in cotton textiles for ultraviolet light protection and antibacterial activities." Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology 10 (January 1, 2020): 184798042097005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1847980420970052.
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The textile materials functionalized with nanostructures have proven to be useful for many applications, such as antimicrobial, ultraviolet (UV) light protection, and self-cleaning substrates. The objective of this research is to synthesize and characterize zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) for the applications of UV absorbers and antibacterial activities. ZnO NPs were synthesized at different temperatures and reaction media of water (S-1) and 1,2-ethanediol (S-2) using precipitation and in situ methods on the surface of cotton fabric. The average crystalline size of the ZnO NPs estimated from the Debye Scherrer formula was found to be 32 and 26 nm for S-1 and S-2, respectively. The morphology of ZnO NPs characterized by scanning electron microscope revealed that agglomerated nanostructures were homogeneously formed on the fabric surface for S-1 and S-2; on the other hand, bundle-/flower-like particles having different sizes were observed for synthesis using an in situ method. The UV protection ability of ZnO NPs coated on textiles was investigated using UV-Vis spectroscopy by measuring the UV protection factor (UPF) in the range of 280–400 nm. Higher values of UPF were obtained for ZnO NPs prepared using an in situ method. The UPF value obtained by this method was found to be 320, which demonstrates its excellent ability to block UV radiation. The antibacterial activities of ZnO NPs synthesized by the two methods possess very good bacteriostatic activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria demonstrated by the zone of inhibition.
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Rebhi, Ali, Issam Benmhammed, Sabeur Abid, and Farhat Fnaiech. "Fabric Defect Detection Using Local Homogeneity Analysis and Neural Network." Journal of Photonics 2015 (March 17, 2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/376163.
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In the textile manufacturing industry, fabric defect detection becomes a necessary and essential step in quality control. The investment in this field is more than economical when reduction in labor cost and associated benefits are considered. Moreover, the development of a wholly automated inspection system requires efficient and robust algorithms. To overcome this problem, in this paper, we present a new fabric defect detection scheme which uses the local homogeneity and neural network. Its first step consists in computing a new homogeneity image denoted as H-image. The second step is devoted to the application of the discrete cosine transform (DCT) to the H-image and the extraction of different representative energy features of each DCT block. These energy features are used by the back-propagation neural network to judge the existence of fabric defect. Simulations on different fabric images and different defect aspects show that the proposed method achieves an average accuracy of 97.35%.
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Bry, Roy E., and M. A. Mullen. "EVALUATION OF GORE-TEX® LAMINATE ENVELOPES1,2 TO PROTECT WOOLENS AGAINST INSECTS." Journal of Entomological Science 23, no. 3 (July 1, 1988): 276–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-23.3.276.
Full textAbstract:
Gore-Tex® membrane, made of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene, laminated to a non-woven polyester fabric and made into envelopes with a zip lock closure, has been used for shipment and storage of archeological finds, feathers, furs, leather, textiles and museum specimens. Laboratory and simulated warehouse studies showed that these envelopes also have the potential for protecting woolens against larvae of the black carpet beetle, Attagenus unicolor (Brahm), the furniture carpet beetle, Anthrenus flauipes LeConte, and the webbing clothes moth, Tineola bisselliella (Hummel).
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Abtew, Mulat A., Mulat A. Abtew, Mulat A. Abtew, Mulat A. Abtew, Carment Loghin, Irina Cristian, François Boussu, et al. "Mouldability and its Recovery Properties of 2D Plain Woven P-aramid Fabric for Soft Body Armour Applications." Fibres and Textiles in Eastern Europe 27, no. 6(138) (December 31, 2019): 54–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.4468.
Full textAbstract:
Mouldability, along with other mechanical properties, is a very crucial material parameter in various technical textile applications, from composites to soft body armour products. Moreover, the mouldability and recovery behaviours of the material will be affected by various internal and external paramters before, during and after the forming process. The current research particularly tried to study the effects of blank-holder pressure (BHP) and the number of layers not only on the moulding characterstics but also on the recovery behaviour of plain woven p-aramid fabrics made from a high-performance yarn with a linear density of 930 dTex. Samples with various numbers of layers were arranged in the same orientation for the moulding process. The moulding approach utilised a specific moulding device in a low-speed forming process and a predefined semi-hemispherically shaped punch for all specimens.Various important dry textile material moulding characteristics and, most importantly, the moulding recovery properties, such as warp and weft direction drawing-in recovery, center high-point recovery, shear angle recovery etc. were investigated.
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Hu, Junsong, Junsheng Yu, Ying Li, Xiaoqing Liao, Xingwu Yan, and Lu Li. "Nano Carbon Black-Based High Performance Wearable Pressure Sensors." Nanomaterials 10, no. 4 (April 2, 2020): 664. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10040664.
Full textAbstract:
The reasonable design pattern of flexible pressure sensors with excellent performance and prominent features including high sensitivity and a relatively wide workable linear range has attracted significant attention owing to their potential application in the advanced wearable electronics and artificial intelligence fields. Herein, nano carbon black from kerosene soot, an atmospheric pollutant generated during the insufficient burning of hydrocarbon fuels, was utilized as the conductive material with a bottom interdigitated textile electrode screen printed using silver paste to construct a piezoresistive pressure sensor with prominent performance. Owing to the distinct loose porous structure, the lumpy surface roughness of the fabric electrodes, and the softness of polydimethylsiloxane, the piezoresistive pressure sensor exhibited superior detection performance, including high sensitivity (31.63 kPa−1 within the range of 0–2 kPa), a relatively large feasible range (0–15 kPa), a low detection limit (2.26 pa), and a rapid response time (15 ms). Thus, these sensors act as outstanding candidates for detecting the human physiological signal and large-scale limb movement, showing their broad range of application prospects in the advanced wearable electronics field.
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Nainggolan, Devi Julietta, Judi Alhilman, and Nurdinintya Athari Supratman. "Performance Assessment Based on Reliability of Weaving M251 Machine Using Reliability, Availability & Maintainability (RAM) and Cost of Unreliability (COUR) Methods (Case Study at PT Buana Intan Gemilang)." International Journal of Innovation in Enterprise System 1, no. 01 (July 31, 2017): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.25124/ijies.v1i01.13.
Full textAbstract:
The textile industry is one of industries that has an important role in the national economy. PT Buana Intan Gemilang (BIG) is one of textile industry in Indonesia which uses Weaving machine to produce motif and sajadah fabrics. The purpose of this research is to analyze the reliability of Weaving M251 machine that has the most damage in 2014. To avoid losses due to machine damage, the reliability, availability and maintainability of the machine need to be improved by using Reliability, Availability & Maintainability (RAM) Analysis method. In addition, the total cost caused by RAM problems can be calculated by using Cost of Unreliability (COUR) method. Based on the evaluation using Reliability Block Diagram (RBD) modeling, it is found that the critical subsystem reliability = 44.36% for 144 working hours and the total repair time that the critical subsystem needs to perform in acceptable operational condition , at least in 1 to 70 hours. There are two different forms of availability that have been calculated, therefore inherent availability = 95,546% which is used as leading indicator, and operational availability = 85,572% which used as lagging indicator. as it is compared, lagging indicator does not meet the performance of leading indicator. The total of unreliability cost when the machine is in active repair time = 39,580,689.02 IDR and within downtime = 135,588,452.13 IDR.