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Journal articles on the topic 'Textile fabrics Fire testing'
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1
Hering, Marcus, and Manfred Curbach. "A new testing method for textile reinforced concrete under impact load." MATEC Web of Conferences 199 (2018): 11010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819911010.
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Textile reinforced concrete, especially textile reinforced concrete with carbon fibres, was already been used for strengthening steel reinforced concrete structures under static loads up to now. The question is if the composite can also be used for strengthening structures against impact loads. The main goal of a current research project at the Technische Universität Dresden is the development and characterization of a reinforcement fabric with optimized impact resistance. But there is a challenge. There is the need to find the best combination of fibre material (glass, carbon, steel, basalt, …) and reinforcement structure (short fibres, 2D-fabrics, 3D-fabrics, …), but testing the large number of possible combinations is not possible with the established methods. In general, large-scale tests are necessary which are very expensive and time consuming. Therefore, a new testing method has been developed to deal with this large number of possible combinations of material and structural experiments. The following paper describes this new testing method to find the best fabric reinforcement for strengthening reinforced concrete structures against impact loads. The testing devise, which is located in the drop tower facility at the Otto Mohr Laboratory, and the test set-up are illustrated and described. The measurement equipment and the methods to evaluate the experimental results are explained in detail.
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Dammacco, Giada, Dirk Wenzel, and Christian Hennigs. "Prosys-Laser: Smart Laser Protective Textile Systems." Advances in Science and Technology 80 (September 2012): 156–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.80.156.
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“Passive” and “active” laser-protective clothing and curtains are hardly available on the market today for the use with hand-held laser processing devices (HLD) and automated laser machines. However, the fact that serious laser injuries of the skin happen shows that skin protection against laser radiation is necessary. Thus, key developments described in this paper are on the one hand highly innovative functional multi-layer technical textiles, providing a high level of passive laser resistance. On the other hand, active systems, containing functional multi-layer smart fabrics which detect laser exposure and, by means of a safety control, deactivate the laser beam automatically, are depicted. Furthermore, test methods and testing set-ups to qualify such passive and active functional technical textiles and tailored personal protective equipment (PPE) are developed. The passive laser-protective textile system will be realized using the best combination of materials, providing, at the same time, laser, fire, and heat protection together with other properties. Designing active system means the realization of functionalized fabrics and to exploit their physical properties. The electronics which interface the active system, providing signal conditioning, acquisition, on-body pre-processing, local data storage and wireless communication, is a major part of the active approach. The electronics will provide alarms and ultimately enforce laser shutdown upon defined conditions.
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Sousa Fangueiro, Raul Manuel Esteves, João Pedro Nunes, João F. Silva, Mário de Araújo, and Fernando Novais. "Development of GF/PP Towpreg Woven Fabrics for Composite Reinforcements." Materials Science Forum 514-516 (May 2006): 1551–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.514-516.1551.
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In the present work, glass fibre polypropylene (GF/PP) woven fabrics were manufactured from cost-effective flexible thermoplastic towpregs produced by a developed dry coating process. The paper describes the modifications made on the developed coating line to allow producing thermoplastic towpregs able to be woven in textile equipments. The produced fabrics were observed under optical microscopy and submitted to tests in order to evaluate their textile-like properties, glass fibre content and flexibility. Composites processed from those fabrics by compression moulding were also submitted to mechanical testing in order to assess their performance. The obtained experimental results have shown that the woven fabrics produced are cost-effective and present properties good enough to be applied in large-scale commercial markets (e.g. automotive). Future research efforts will be carried to try decreasing the towpreg frictional properties and the amount of polymer lost during the textile processing and improving the feeding technology to warp yarns directly from a creel.
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Pei, Eujin, Jinsong Shen, and Jennifer Watling. "Direct 3D printing of polymers onto textiles: experimental studies and applications." Rapid Prototyping Journal 21, no. 5 (2015): 556–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rpj-09-2014-0126.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the adhesion of polymer materials printed directly onto fabrics using entry-level fused deposition modelling (FDM) machines. A series of functional and decorative parts were designed to explore the limitations and to identify potential applications. Design/methodology/approach – A series of shapes and structures were designed as 3D computer-aided design (CAD) solids to determine whether complex parts could be printed directly onto the surface of fabrics. The structures were fabricated using an entry-level FDM printer with acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, polylactic acid (PLA) and nylon on eight different types of synthetic and man-made woven and knit fabrics. The results were recorded according to four parameters – the warp, bond, print quality and flex – before comparing the data sets. Findings – Among the three polymers, PLA showed the best results when printed on the eight different types of fabrics, having extremely good adhesion with little warp, yet displaying a high quality of print with good flexural strength. For the fabrics, woven cotton, woven polywool and knit soy had excellent adhesion when the three polymers were deposited. Research limitations/implications – Future work should cover a wider range of polymers and textiles and incorporate more functional features for testing. Other aspects include modifying the fibre surface through mechanical or chemical means to achieve a more efficient adhesion with the fibre and examining the deposition process in terms of temperature, pressure and build density. Future work should also investigate the feasibility for large-scale production. Practical implications – This paper supports work on wearable electronics by integrating comfortable textiles with hard wearing parts without compromising on quality and fit and combining additive manufacturing processes with textiles to maintain the drape characteristics of the fabric. Polymer–textile deposition will contribute to new applications and functional products such as orthopaedic braces for medical use or for decorative features such as buttons and trimmings for garments. Originality/value – This paper has contributed to new knowledge by providing a better understanding of polymer materials being printed directly onto fabrics using entry-level FDM machines.
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Bhudolia, Somen K., Kenneth KC Kam, and Sunil C. Joshi. "Mechanical and vibration response of insulated hybrid composites." Journal of Industrial Textiles 47, no. 8 (2017): 1887–907. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1528083717714481.
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Electrically nonconductive composites are required in various engineering applications ranging from radome, antenna and many more. This research aims at investigating the mechanical properties of electrically non-conductive hybrid composites (thin carbon non-crimp fabric, Kevlar and E-glass fabrics) in combination with thermosetting epoxy resin. The composites comprise of multi-axial textile reinforcement carbon fabrics in the middle section with symmetrical quasi-isotropic layup, sandwiched with Kevlar fibre for improved impact performance and E-glass fibre at the outermost parts for electrical insulation. The fabrics are injected with room-temperature-cure epoxy using economical and energy saving resin transfer moulding manufacturing process. Electrical continuity tests and mechanical properties including vibration damping response, flexure and impact were studied to investigate the performances of the manufactured hybrid composites. Three hybrid laminate configurations were manufactured, and experimental results showed that hybrid composite with more number of Kevlar layers performed better for vibration and flexure testing. For impact performance, results showed that the absorbed impact energy improved with the inclusion of more glass layers, whereas configuration with more Kevlar layers experienced greater peak load to failure. The details of the composites fabrication, manufacturing and experiments conducted and the related findings with underlying reasons for the improvement offered by particular group of laminate configuration are discussed in the article.
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Daukantiene, Virginija, and Giedre Vadeike. "Evaluation of the air permeability of elastic knitted fabrics and their assemblies." International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology 30, no. 6 (2018): 839–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijcst-02-2018-0021.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the air permeability of knitted fabrics containing elastane fibre and their seams applying both the new approach based on fabric thickness measurement at different pressures and standard method. Design/methodology/approach Investigations were performed with commercially available eight polyester knitted fabrics containing different elastane yarn proportion. Bonded seams were laminated applying the urethane thermoplastic adhesive film of 0.175 mm thickness. Bonds were laminated by heat at 5.6 kPa pressure applying pressing device GTK DEA 25 R at 140°C temperature for 40 s duration. Sewn seams were assembled with 607 covering chain stitch applying 5.0 stitches per cm density and 512 overedge chain stitch applying 5.0 stitches per cm density. Specimens without and with the seams were conditioned in standard atmosphere conditions according to the standard LST EN ISO 139 before air permeability testing according to the standard LST EN ISO 9237. Standard thickness of the investigated knitted fabric was determined according to the standard EN ISO 5084. It is known from literature that the porosity is dominant factor influencing the air permeability of knitted fabrics. Therefore, the assumption was made that due to fabric porosity knitted fabric thickness being measured at different pressures also may differ. Thus, the permeability property may also be related to the difference between fabric’s thicknesses being measured under different pressures which may be applied with different material thickness gauges. Findings There was shown that fabric assemblies make the significant influence on the textile permeability to air. The results obtained indicate that the air permeability of the investigated knitted fabrics depends not only on their structure parameters but also on the fabric seam type. Air permeability of the specimens with the seams was lower than one of specimens without the seams. The highest decrease in permeability which ranged from 19.9 per cent up to 60.0 per cent was determined for the bonds. Fabric specimens with 607 covering chain stitch seam were in the second place with regard to the previously considered parameter. And, their permeability was decreased from 0.6 per cent up to 52.6 per cent. Changes in the air permeability of the specimens with 512 overedge chain stitch seam were lowest in the range of investigated assemblies. Based on the determined results, it was concluded that the thickness difference of the specimens with and without seams measured at different pressures is related to fabric porosity which makes the significant influence on the air permeability. Practical implications The samples of investigated fabrics were taken from the two companies which manufactures leisure clothing and sportswear such as skiing or swimming costumes, etc. Thus, the obtained investigation results are significant not only for clothing science but also leads the improvement of clothing quality in fashion industry. Originality/value Assuring the comfort of the human body is one of the most important functions of clothing, especially of sportswear and leisure wear. Knitted fabrics should not only be elastic, but also have high air permeability for easily transmit of the perspiration from the skin to the atmosphere, thus making the wearer to feel comfortable. In this research, the air permeability of commercially available polyester knitted fabrics containing different amount of elastane was investigated and the influence of fabric assemblies on the air permeability property was evaluated. A new approach based on the fabric thickness measurement at different pressures and the standard methods for the evaluation of air permeability were used.
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Düreth, Christian, Daniel Weck, Robert Böhm, et al. "Determining the Damage and Failure Behaviour of Textile Reinforced Composites under Combined In-Plane and Out-of-Plane Loading." Materials 13, no. 21 (2020): 4772. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13214772.
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The absence of sufficient knowledge of the heterogeneous damage behaviour of textile reinforced composites, especially under combined in-plane and out-of-plane loadings, requires the development of multi-scale experimental and numerical methods. In the scope of this paper, three different types of plain weave fabrics with increasing areal weight were considered to characterise the influence of ondulation and nesting effects on the damage behaviour. Therefore an advanced new biaxial testing method has been elaborated to experimentally determine the fracture resistance at the combined biaxial loads. Methods in image processing of the acquired in-situ CT data and micrographs have been utilised to obtain profound knowledge of the textile geometry and the distribution of the fibre volume content of each type. Combining the derived data of the idealised geometry with a numerical multi-scale approach was sufficient to determine the fracture resistances of predefined uniaxial and biaxial load paths. Thereby, Cuntze’s three-dimensional failure mode concept was incorporated to predict damage and failure. The embedded element method was used to obtain a structured mesh of the complex textile geometries. The usage of statistical and visualisation methods contributed to a profound comprehension of the ondulation and nesting effects.
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Mikołajczyk, Zbigniew, Katarzyna Pieklak, and Aleksandra Roszak. "Knitted Meshes for Reinforcing Building Composites." Fibres and Textiles in Eastern Europe 27, no. 4(136) (2019): 102–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.1826.
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Modern technical textiles, including knitted fabrics, are widely used in the construction industry. Regarding textiles in concrete reinforcement, methods based on shredded fibres, meshes, reinforcing mats, woven textiles and knitted DOStapes are frequently used as underlays of concrete constructions. Textiles are also used in the reinforcement of fibrous FRP composites. The research presented focused on producing composites made of MapeiMapefill concrete mass with reinforcement in the form of three variants of knitted meshes made of 228 tex polyamide threads, polypropylene threads of 6.3 tex and 203 tex glass threads, as well as identification of their mechanical properties. The mesh variant made of glass fibre is especially noteworthy, as its strength is more than three times higher than that of polyamide meshes. At the same time, a very small relative elongation of 3% is observed for this variant of knitted fabric, which is a desired property regarding the comparatively low stretching extension of concrete. In the process of making the composites, the adhesion of the concrete mass to the surface of the threads was analyzed. For this purpose, a "Sopro HE449" type agent was used. Composite beams were subjected to a three-point bending strength analysis on a testing machine. The results of strength measurements of the composites obtained prove that those with glass fibres demonstrate a threefold increase in strength compared to the original concrete beam.
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IMOTO, YASUO, SATOSHI SEINO, TAKASHI NAKAGAWA, and TAKAO A. YAMAMOTO. "Comparison of Quantitative Antifungal Testing Methods for Textile Fabrics." Biocontrol Science 22, no. 1 (2017): 47–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4265/bio.22.47.
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Yao, Bao Guo, Jian Chao Wang, and Shui Yuan Hong. "Measurement Device and System for Temperature Regulation Properties Evaluation of Textile Fabrics." Applied Mechanics and Materials 475-476 (December 2013): 120–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.475-476.120.
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A new measurement system and the testing device was developed to characterize the temperature regulation properties of textile fabrics based on the mechanical device, microelectronics, sensors and control system. A series of indices were defined based on the typical heat flow-time curve and the raw data to characterize the temperature regulation performance of textile fabrics. The measurement principle, the mechanical device and the evaluation method for the temperature regulation properties of textile fabrics were introduced. Twelve types of fabrics made from different textile materials were tested. The one-way ANOVA analysis was conducted to identify the significance of the differences of the indices among the fabrics. The results show that each index is significantly different (P<0.05) among the different sample fabrics.
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Allaoui, Samir, Gilles Hivet, and Pierre Ouagne. "Analyze of the Contact Behaviour between Two Layers of Dry Glass Plain Weave Fabric." Key Engineering Materials 504-506 (February 2012): 313–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.504-506.313.
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The market demand for thicker complex shaped structural composite parts is increasing. Processes of the Liquid Composite Moulding (LCM) family, such as Resin Transfer Moulding (RTM) are considered to manufacture such parts. The first stage of the RTM process concerns the preforming of the part. During the preforming of multi-layered reinforcements, friction between the plies occurs and needs to be characterize and then to be taken into account for the forming simulation. An experimental device designed to analyze the ply/ply, ply/tool and yarn/yarn frictions has been built. Tests carried out on a glass plain weave highlight specific contact behaviour for dry reinforcement fabric in comparison to non-technical textiles. This behaviour exhibits a substantial variation of the contact tangential loads which is directly related to shocks between the yarns. It demonstrated that period and amplitude of the friction response is directly related to the relative positioning of the samples but also to fabric meso-strucrure. In addition, the sample relative orientation has a significant influence on the friction response. The meso-architecture is responsible for the high variations of the friction coefficient as a function of the ply orientations for different fabrics. In addition, the friction response appears to be very sensitive to tests parameters like the relative positioning, orientation of the samples and the cycling. A honing effect classically observed in dry fabric testing has also been pointed out through cyclic experiments. It can be attributed to both fibre material abrasion and fibre reorganisation inside the yarn.
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Stasheva, M. A., T. N. Novosad, N. V. Yevseyeva, and B. N. Gusev. "TESTING OF KNITTED FABRICS TO CONFIRM COMPLIANCE." Technologies & Quality, no. 1 (2020): 22–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.34216/2587-6147-2020-1-47-22-25.
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One of the reasons for the low demand for domestic textile fabrics is the incomplete satisfaction of consumers' requirements with regard to the quality and price of products, as well as the insufficient use of the Russian certification system as a source of reliable information (advertising) of quality as a set of consumer properties and safety of manufactured products. The paper tests cotton knitted fabrics with various attachments of synthetic fibers and provides recommendations for choosing a rational scheme for their certification in order to use them for the production of various layers of garments.
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Suliyanthini, Dewi, Riza Wiryawan Jonathan, Siti Nursetiawaty, and Aam Amaningsih. "MODIFICATION RECYCLE JUTE FIBRE WASTE FOR BULLET PROOF VESTS." JURNAL GREEN GROWTH dan MANAJEMEN LINGKUNGAN 4, no. 1 (2014): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/jgg.041.01.
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This research uses experimental methods to find a formula modifications pure jute (Corchorus capsularis) and Javajute for textile composition strong and resistant to bullets, with the use of resin carbonanotubes (CNT) and tensile strength testing of physical evaluation and test-fired a fabric that can be accounted for laboratory. With methodology Kuantitatif Research and Develipment (R and D). Experiment by processing waste recycling Jute / Javajute into textile products. Jute / Javajute are plants that are often found on the coast of Indonesia, and has not done a lot of processing, it is generally discarded as useless waste. With experimental textile processing, waste jute / javajute be converted into bullet resistant textile products. Long-term goal of this research is to get the right formula in terms of kompisisi fiber, basket type, and CNT resin composition, thereby answering a concern for domestic products and recycling waste back also unearth medium economic enterprises and SMEs in terms of plantation.The experimental results obtained that the tensile strength of jute fabric with or without CNT> 100 kg, and the tensile strength of the fabric javajute without CNTs> 97 kg, Javajute + CNT> 100kg.with Yarn Number Ne 11. Test results using a pistol bullet caliber Revolfer II Internationa Standard Evaluationl (SII), weighs 9 gram bullet diameter of 9 mm bullets, bullet time speed of 341 m / s, Jute cloth + produced CNTs with 32 layers of clay sculpture penetration depth of 12 mm. Jute cloth non CNT 12mm. Cain jute ResinCNT, 3,9kg + 12 mm. Cain jute non CNT 0,7mm. The experiment its goals if onlu 0,4 mm bullet . For comparison in the Army agency, usually the fabric used for bulletproof Highcon types of PET imported products with a very high price. With a composition of 16-32 layers of PET weight between 21.9 to 30 gr. Where is the time of the shooting bullets lodged in the lining of the 11 for pistol caliber II and for rifle bullets lodged in the lining of 23-27. And than eksperiment for bullet vets ptoof FN25 pistol hurahara with sample same its success cannot mannequien body. Until linning 6 for jute CNT and linning 8 sample Jute. Weigth sample jute CNT 2.9 kg 32 linning CNT resin 1%, Weigth sample jute original 2,2 kg 32 linning. This is a succes for pistol level 5.
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Petrulyte, Salvinija, Deimante Plascinskiene, and Donatas Petrulis. "Testing and predicting of yarn pull-out in aroma-textile." International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology 29, no. 4 (2017): 566–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijcst-10-2016-0113.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to predict the pull-out force of loop pile of ramie/cotton terry woven fabrics treated with aroma-microcapsules as well as to understand and to interpret the pull-out behaviour developing the mathematical model. Design/methodology/approach The displacements and forces associated with pulling a yarn from different structures of fabrics were determined. Regression analysis and factorial designs were performed. Findings The yarn pull-out behaviour of terry fabric is highly dependent on the applied treating and demonstrated various extents of variability under the different pulling distances. The character of yarn pull-out is periodic and depends on fabric construction. The difference between the resistance to pile loop extraction for the grey and modified terry fabrics depends on the changed fabric’s structure. The existence of good relation between binder’s concentration and resistance to pile loop extraction of terry fabric was proved. Practical implications The study enables to forecast important loop feature for terry aroma-textiles: to be securely held in the place preventing loop pulling. Originality/value The assessment of the influence of fabric’s weft density and binder’s concentration for the yarn pull-out of terry aroma-textile was proposed. The research developed analysis and empiric mathematical equations suitable for predicting of displacements and forces related to pulling phenomenon as well as designing new multifunctional terry fabrics with resistance to pile loop extraction required. The received knowledge could enlarge the base of information needful for design of new products for clothing, home textile and healthcare/well-being applications as well.
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Skorodumova, Olga, Olena Tarakhno, Olena Chebotaryova, Dmitriy Saveliev, and Fatih Mehmet Emen. "Investigation of Gas Formation Processes in Cotton Fabrics Impregnated with Binary Compositions of Ethyl Silicate - Flame Retardant System." Materials Science Forum 1038 (July 13, 2021): 460–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1038.460.
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The use of complex fire-retardant coatings based on ethyl silicate gel - diammonium hydrogen phosphate reduces the process of smoke formation during thermal exposure to treated tissue samples, which is promising for improving the fire safety of textile materials. The compositions are easy to obtain, they do not require specific processing conditions, do not contain toxic substances. This allows us to offer developed compositions for fire protection of textile materials used in facilities with a large number of people.
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Basak, Santanu, Kartick K. Samanta, Sajal K. Chattopadhyay, Rajesh Shashikant Narkar, and R. Mahangade. "Flame retardant cellulosic textile using bannana pseudostem sap." International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology 27, no. 2 (2015): 247–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijcst-12-2013-0135.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to use the natural wastage plant product, bannana pseudostem sap (BPS) for using as fire retardant of cellulosic textile substrate. The study aims to use first time any wastage plant product for making fire retardant cellulosic textile. In this regard flame retardant functionality was imparted in cellulosic textile using BPS, an eco-friendly natural wastage product. Design/methodology/approach – The extracted sap was made alkaline and applied in pre-mordanted bleached and mercerized cotton fabrics. Flame retardant properties of the control and treated fabrics were analyzed in terms of limiting oxygen index (LOI), horizontal and vertical flammability and total heat of combustion using bomb calorimeter. The thermal degradation and pyrolysis was studied using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The chemical composition of the control and BPS treated cellulosic fabric were analyzed by FTIR, SEM and EDX. Durability of the flame retardant functionality to soap washing had also been studied. Findings – The study showed that the treated fabrics had good flame retardant property compared to control fabrics. The LOI value was found to increase by 1.6 times after application of BPS. As a result of this, the fabric does not catch flame. In horizontal flammability, the treated fabric showed burning with afterglow (without presence of flame) with a propagation rate of 7.5 mm/min, which is almost ten times lower than the control fabric. After application of BPS cellulosic fabric sample produced natural khaki colour. There was no significant change in other physical properties. Practical implications – The application process is simple and cost-effective as no costly chemicals were used. Further advantage is that the treated fabric could also be considered as natural dyed cotton fabric. The developed khaki colour is quite attractive and stable to sun light exposure. This developed process could used in colouration and flame retardant finishing of home furnishing products such as home-window curtain, railway curtain, hospital curtain, table lamp and as a covering material of non-permanent structure like in book fair, festival, religious purpose, etc., where large quantity of textile is used and has chance of fire hazards. Social implications – BPS abundantly available in Indian as well as other countries and it is normally considered as waste material. It is eco-friendly and produced from renewable source. Therefore, the application of BPS in cotton textile for colouration and functionalization will give the advantages of value addition using natural product. Rural people will be benifited lot by applying this technology whenever it required. Originality/value – This paper helps to clarify first time why and how a wastage plant product like BPS can be used for preparing fire retardant cotton cellulosic fabric.
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Mao, Bing He, Sheng Li Luo, Hai Liang Zhang, Zhi Cheng Zhan, Zhi Jie Jiang, and Yu Rong Yan. "Influence of Wire Grid on the Cone Calorimeter Results of Textile Fabrics." Advanced Materials Research 852 (January 2014): 578–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.852.578.
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In this article, an improved procedure based on ISO 5660-1 and ASTM E1474 was developed to ensure the effectiveness and reliability of cone calorimeter test of textile fabrics. In order to improve the instability for some easy shrinking fabrics exposed under heat in cone calorimeter test, an iron wire grid was applied to cover the top surface of polypropylene nonwovens and polyester fabrics to avoid drastic distortion caused by heating irritation. Results showed that the iron wire grid could avoid the distortion of the easy shrinking samples and stable test process, also success probability and results repeatability were also improved. A guiding effect was found during the test caused by the grid, which leaded to a better uniformity of polymer melt under the thermal or even on fire.
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Siddiqui, Muhammad Owais Raza, and Danmei Sun. "Development of Experimental Setup for Measuring the Thermal Conductivity of Textiles." Clothing and Textiles Research Journal 36, no. 3 (2018): 215–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0887302x18768041.
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The thermophysical properties of textile materials are very important in helping to understand the thermal comfort of fabrics for clothing and technical textiles. An experimental setup for the measurement of the thermal conductivity of fabrics was developed based on the heat flow meter principle. The setup was considered highly accurate and reliable based on the low absolute error, high correlation coefficient, and the coefficient of determination between the results from the setup and commercially available devices. The setup is easy to use for testing any textile-based materials and their composites.
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Sáenz-Pérez, Míriam, Tariq Bashir, José Manuel Laza, et al. "Novel shape-memory polyurethane fibers for textile applications." Textile Research Journal 89, no. 6 (2018): 1027–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517518760756.
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In this work, thermoresponsive shape-memory polyurethane (SMPU) fibers were produced by melt spinning from different SMPU pellets. Afterwards, the knitted fabric samples were prepared by the obtained fibers. Some of the SMPUs used were synthesized previously in our laboratory whereas a commercial one, named DIAPLEX MM4520, was also evaluated in order to carry out comparative studies. All the SMPUs were characterized by different techniques, such as thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, dynamic mechanical analysis and tensile testing. Moreover, the shape-memory capabilities of the fabrics were measured by thermo-mechanical analysis. The obtained results show that the synthesized SMPUs could be attractive candidates for potential applications such as breathable fabrics or moisture-management textiles.
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Chen, Fu Ming, Ge Wang, Ze Hui Jiang, et al. "A Novel 3-D Testing System for the Mechanical Properties of Fiber Fabrics and Textile Composites." Advanced Materials Research 332-334 (September 2011): 1206–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.332-334.1206.
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To evaluate the mechanical properties of natural fiber fabrics with the characteristic of interweaving between warp and weft direction as well as textile structural composites under complex stress state, it is essential to develop experimental techniques to realize multi-axial testing for large deformation. This work proposes a novel testing device for investigating fiber fabrics and textile composites under multidimensional loads. Accuracy of the system is comparable to the testing diagnostics of the Instron 5808 previously. The homogeneity for different types of cruciforms and different biaxial tensile speeds were investigated. The effects of different loading methods, biaxial (X and Y), and 3-D loading (X, Y, and Z) on the breaking strength of the woven ramie fabric were presented. The displacement-field and shear field for composites with hole were characterized by the digital speckle correlation method.
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SALISTEAN, Adrian, Carmen MIHAI, Irina CRISTIAN, Daniela FARIMA, and Cristina PIROI. "FABRIC FOR SINGLE SKIN TEXTILE WING." TEXTEH Proceedings 2019 (November 5, 2019): 220–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.35530/tt.2019.09.
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The fabrics used to make parachutes and paragliders must have the several specific characteristics: the mass of fabric per unit of surface must be low while the other physical- mechanical characteristics (the axial breaking strength load, the relative and absolute elongation, the tear resistance of the fabric and the assemblies, air permeability) must be at a maximum. The paper deals with the analysis of qualitative aspects of several parachute fabrics that are used as a baseline in the development of a novel fabric. The results of experiments have materialized in statistical data, diagrams and graphs and their interpretation leads to the determination of the fabric variant that best meets the requirements of the destination. The destination is a patent pending inflatable wing design that utilizes a single skin construction and solid reinforcements in the sewing for shape stability. It is worth noting that the experimental results were compared with values indicated in specific international testing norms.
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Malinar, Rajna, Sandra Flinčec Grgac, and Drago Katović. "Textile particle generation: test method for nonwovens modified for use on woven materials." Textile Research Journal 90, no. 19-20 (2020): 2284–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517520915840.
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Considering that textile dust can cause many problems in specific environments, there is a need for low particle release textiles. Usually this means using disposable textiles, but in an effort to reduce the amount of waste that such products generate, the aim of our research was to investigate possibilities of using multiple-use fabrics as an alternative. For the purposes of this study, a standard method for testing particle release from nonwovens had to be adapted in order to acquire reliable data on testing woven fabrics. Statistical analysis showed considerably more precise results after prolongation of testing time from 5 min (standardized) to 30 min (modified). Examination of particle release from cotton fabric after multiple washing and drying cycles showed increase in smaller particles count (<1 µm) but also decrease of larger particles (>5 µm) after 10 cycles.
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Easson, Michael W., Jacobs Harris Jordan, SeChin Chang, John M. Bland, and Brian Douglas Condon. "Investigation of bisphenol-substituted spirocyclic phosphazenes as cotton textile–based flame retardants." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 15 (January 2020): 155892502092088. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1558925020920887.
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Bisphenol-substituted spirocyclic phosphazene derivatives were synthesized in 85%–94% yields and analyzed for flame retardant application to cotton fabric using Limiting Oxygen Index, Fourier transform infrared thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, microscale combustion calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. The thermogravimetric analysis methods indicate a decomposition pathway consistent for phosphorus-nitrogen-containing compounds. Levoglucosan phosphorylation and carbonaceous char formation were observed. Limiting Oxygen Index testing of these compounds on cotton-based fabrics showed improved flame resistance compared to untreated fabrics.
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Eryuruk, Selin Hanife. "Effect of Fabric Layers on Thermal Comfort Properties of Multilayered Thermal Protective Fabrics." Autex Research Journal 19, no. 3 (2019): 271–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aut-2018-0051.
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Abstract Thermal protective clothings are produced from multilayered textile materials. Fabric layers need to allow enough evaporation of perspiration, ventilation, and also thermal protection from fire. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different fabric layers and their different combinations on the thermal properties of multilayered fabric samples. Three-layered fabric combinations were created using two types of outer shell fabrics, four types of moisture barrier fabrics with membrane, and two types of thermal barrier fabrics. Sixteen different fabric combinations that simulate three-layered thermal protective clothing were studied. As a result of the study, it was found that thermal and moisture comfort properties were significantly affected by different fabric layers.
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SĂLIȘTEAN, ADRIAN, and CARMEN MIHAI. "Textile wing fabric for emergency response UAS." Industria Textila 71, no. 04 (2020): 321–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.35530/it.071.04.1762.
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The fabrics used to manufacture parachutes and paragliders must have several specific characteristics: the mass of fabric per unit of surface must be low while the other physical-mechanical characteristics (the axial breaking strength load, the relative and absolute elongation, the tear resistance of the fabric and the assemblies, air permeability) must have high values. The paper deals with the analysis of qualitative aspects of several parachute fabrics that are used as a baseline in the development of a novel fabric. The results of experiments have materialized in statistical data, diagrams and graphs and their interpretation leads to the determination of the fabric variant that best meets the requirements of the destination. The destination is a patent pending inflatable wing design that utilizes a single skin construction and solid reinforcements in the sewing for shape stability. It is worth noting that the experimental results were compared with values indicated in specific international testing norms.
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Kumbara, Afthon. "THE ANALYSIS OF PORTER'S FIVE FORCES IN LUCKY TEXTILE GROUP IN FACING THE COMPETITION OF TEXTILE INDUSTRY." Dinasti International Journal of Economics, Finance & Accounting 1, no. 3 (2020): 397–412. http://dx.doi.org/10.38035/dijefa.v1i3.419.
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Lucky Textile Group is one of the textile industries in Indonesia. Lucky Textile Group has 2 subsidiaries, each of which has different processes and production results while maintaining mutual sustainability, namely PT. Benang Citra Indonesia and PT. Eternal Lucky Print. PT. Yarn Citra Indonesia is an industry that produces yarn with the main raw materials, namely cotton, rayon, capital, tencel and cotton blends, while PT. Lucky Print Abadi is an industry that produces woven and finishing fabrics (Printing, Dyeing and White). The raw material for making woven fabric is yarn obtained from PT. Yarn Citra Indonesia or can also be from an outside factory according to the appropriate type of raw material. Then processed into finishing fabrics (Printing, Dyeing and White) according to customer requests including special finishing such as waterproof, anti-fire, anti-bacterial etc. Market competition in Indonesia Even the world is getting stronger with the entry of new competition so this creates challenges that must be resolved. Improving efficiency, innovation and quality in the production process is a way to attract the attention of customers and do not forget to maintain customer confidence by implementing customer responses that encourage and meet customer demand Through the analysis of 5 porter strengths and SWOT analysis, it is expected that Lucky Textile Group can prepare and build strength in the current and future competition in the textile industry
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Hernández, Vicente A., Felipe Galleguillos, Rene Thibaut, and Alejandro Müller. "Fungal dyes for textile applications: testing of industrial conditions for wool fabrics dyeing." Journal of The Textile Institute 110, no. 1 (2018): 61–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00405000.2018.1460037.
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Mandal, Sumit, Nur-Us-Shafa Mazumder, Robert J. Agnew, Guowen Song, and Rui Li. "Characterization and Modeling of Thermal Protective and Thermo-Physiological Comfort Performance of Polymeric Textile Materials—A Review." Materials 14, no. 9 (2021): 2397. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14092397.
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In 2017, more than 60,000 firefighters and oilfield-workers injuries and fatalities occurred while they were working under various thermal hazards such as flame, radiant heat, steam, etc., or due to their significant heat stress related discomfort. The majority of these burn injuries and fatalities results from an inadequate protection and comfort provided by firefighters’ and oilfield-workers’ fire protective polymeric textile materials used in their workwear. Hence, both the thermal protective and thermo-physiological comfort performance of fabrics used in workwear significantly contribute to limit firefighters’ and oilfield-workers’ skin burns and heat stress. Considering this, previous studies have focused on characterizing and developing empirical models to predict the protective and comfort performance based on physical properties of the fabrics. However, there are still some technical knowledge gaps in the existing literature related to this. This paper critically reviewed the literature on characterization and modeling of thermal protective and thermo-physiological comfort performance of fire protective textile fabric materials. The key issues in this field have been indicated in order to provide direction for the future research and advance this scientific field for better protection and comfort of the firefighters and oilfield-workers.
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Wortmann, Martin, Natalie Frese, Lubos Hes, Armin Gölzhäuser, Elmar Moritzer, and Andrea Ehrmann. "Improved abrasion resistance of textile fabrics due to polymer coatings." Journal of Industrial Textiles 49, no. 5 (2018): 572–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1528083718792655.
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Textile fabrics are often subject to abrasion, starting from exposed parts of garments to a variety of technical textiles. Abrasion protection by usual coatings, however, can significantly decrease the water vapor transport through a fabric which is often not desired, especially in the case of garments. In our paper, we report on an approach to combine increased abrasion resistance with sufficient water vapor transport properties. For this, different polymers (poly(methyl methacrylate), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, or amorphous polyamides) were coated on cotton and polyester woven fabrics. The results of abrasion tests against sandpaper show significantly increased abrasion resistance. The absolute evaporation resistance, measured by a Permetest testing device, was only slightly increased up to values still acceptable for typical garments. Images of all coatings by helium ion microscopy deliver an explanation for the measuring results. Polymer coatings on the polyester fabric resulted in a slight reduction of the hydrophobicity, while coating the cotton fabric severely increased the contact angles of the originally superhydrophilic material.
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Venil, Chidambaram Kulandaisamy, Palanivel Velmurugan, Laurent Dufossé, Ponnuswamy Renuka Devi, and Arumugam Veera Ravi. "Fungal Pigments: Potential Coloring Compounds for Wide Ranging Applications in Textile Dyeing." Journal of Fungi 6, no. 2 (2020): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof6020068.
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Synthetic pigments/non-renewable coloring sources used normally in the textile industry release toxic substances into the environment, causing perilous ecological challenges. To be safer from such challenges of synthetic colorants, academia and industries have explored the use of natural colorants such as microbial pigments. Such explorations have created a fervent interest among textile stakeholders to undertake the dyeing of textile fabrics, especially with fungal pigments. The biodegradable and sustainable production of natural colorants from fungal sources stand as being comparatively advantageous to synthetic dyes. The prospective scope of fungal pigments has emerged in the opening of many new avenues in textile colorants for wide ranging applications. Applying the biotechnological processes, fungal pigments like carotenoids, melanins, flavins, phenazines, quinones, monascins, violacein, indigo, etc. could be extracted on an industrial scale. This review appraises the studies and applications of various fungal pigments in dyeing textile fabrics and is furthermore shedding light on the importance of toxicity testing, genetic manipulations of fungal pigments, and their future perspectives under biotechnological approaches.
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Konstantinova, Natalia, Tatyana Eremina, and Irina Kuznetsova. "Study of fireproof properties of textile materials safe when in contact with human skin." E3S Web of Conferences 97 (2019): 03013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20199703013.
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The methods of surface fire retardant treatment of textile materials (TM) and the chemical basis of the fire retardants used are considered. The possibility of developing a fire retardant composition for tissues that would not adversely affect the human skin upon contact has been studied. To determine the degree of danger of contact and of the penetration of chemicals through skin in contact with the fireproof TM, special studies were conducted to study the local irritating effect and resorption of the composition according to special developed laboratory methodological instructions. As the result the evidence was found that the irritating effect of the fire retardant composition developed on the skin and mucous membranes of the eyes of experimental animals was not detected. Comparative thermo analytical studies showing the effectiveness of the fire retardant action of the composition developed on the main stage of thermal decomposition of cellulose-containing TM are presented. Thus, the development of a fire retardant composition based on phosphorus-containing compounds and urea compounds and the selection of the optimum ratio of stabilizers for the processing of decorative and finishing fabrics with safe contact with human skin can be one of the effective ways to solve the problem under consideration.
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Sun, Yu Chai, Zhong Hao Cheng, and Yan Mei Zhang. "Research on the Mechanical Properties of Pure Stainless Fiber and its Effect on Textile Processing." Advanced Materials Research 332-334 (September 2011): 824–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.332-334.824.
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Pure stainless fiber products have many excellent properties such as high temperature resistance, resistance to corrosion, high efficient filter etc.. Pure stainless fabrics are getting wider range of application in the field of industrial textiles. The property differences between stainless fiber and common textile fiber made the textile processing of stainless yarn difficult. Based on the testing of dynamic friction coefficient, static friction coefficient, breaking strength and breaking elongation, this paper analyzes the main performance characteristic of stainless fiber and the reasons that makes textile processing difficult. Countermeasures for fabric manufacturing are suggested accordingly.
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Cilveli, Gülçin, Ayşe Okur, and Vildan Sülar. "Electrostatic Properties of Clothing Fabrics Suitable for Different End-Uses." Fibres and Textiles in Eastern Europe 28, no. 1(139) (2020): 50–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.5858.
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The static electricity properties of textile products are very important, especially when clothing comfort is the main subject. In this study, four sets of clothing fabrics containing 33 systematic and 18 non-systematic woven fabrics in total were used in order to examine the electrostatic charging properties. A testing mechanism which provides static electricity by the triboelectrification method was manufactured, and electrostatic voltage values occurring on the fabric samples were measured by an electrostatic voltmeter simultaneously with the testing mechanism. The repeatability of the results was checked by using polyester and cotton systematic woven fabrics. After this stage, the effects of fabric structural parameters and the rubbing period on electrostatic charging properties were evaluated. Moreover, non-systematic commercial woven fabrics were also tested in the study. In the last section of the experimental part, the best clothing and lining fabric combinations were revealed according to the lowest static electricity results.
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Li, Hui Qin, Ji Xian Gong, Jian Fei Zhang, Chang Lei Wang, and Zhen Tian. "Sensing Textile Fibers by THz Time-Domain Spectroscopy." Advanced Materials Research 298 (July 2011): 153–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.298.153.
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Along with the booming development of multi-component blending fabrics, the accurate detection of component of fabrics has become a major goal in textile testing. Terahertz sensing technology provides a new way for detecting the materials. THz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) is a novel spectroscopic technique which measures the electric field of the radiation through a sample and provides the phase and amplitude changes of the radiation, which can provide information unavailable through conventional methods such as microwave and X-ray techniques. In this investigation, THz-TDS technology was introduced into the textile differentiation. Three kinds of cellulose textile fibers, cotton fiber, bamboo fiber and viscose fiber, were prepared as the sample and detected by THz-TDS at room temperature in the absence of vapor. The temporal and frequency signals of the fibers were obtained. In the THz absorption spectrum, the characteristic absorption peaks of textile fibers in THz wave band were found, which can be used to recognize the fibers. This approach provides a novel non-contact examine method for fiber identification in complicated textiles.
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Öktem, Mehmet, and Bahadir Aydaş. "Flame retardant characteristics of polymerized dopamine hydrochloride coated jute fabric and jute fabric composites." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society, no. 00 (2021): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc210408063o.
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In this paper, fire resistance of natural fabrics and their composites were experimentally investigated. Special interest was given to use bio based materials such as lignin, chlorophosphates, levulinic acid and cardanol in order to exploit their capability to be utilized as flame retardants. Dopamine hydrochloride was polymerized to polydopamine (PDA) and coated to jute fabric surface. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA)/Derivative Thermogravimetric (DTG) analyses were performed to examine surface morphology and effect of PDA to degradation behaviour of jute fabrics. Real fire behaviour of non-coated and coated fabrics was observed with torch burn test. UL-94 horizontal flame propagation test was also utilized for composite samples. Limiting Oxygen Index (LOI) testing that measures the minimum amount of oxygen required for combustion, was carried out for assessing the ability of the composite samples for their ability against flammability. PDA was seamlessly coated on the surface of the jute fabrics with its surface-active feature without damaging the structure of the fabric as observed in the SEM images. With the support of this coating on the fabric surface, the increase of the decomposition temperature of the material can be clearly seen in TGA/DTG analyses and torch burn test showed the increase in the ignition time. UL-94 horizontal testing resulted in decrease in flame propagation rate of PDA coated composite samples. In addition to this, when the mass loss rates after combustion are examined, it is seen that there is a decrease in mass loss in the coated fabrics. Jute fabrics, a type of natural fabric, can be efficiently coated with PDA, and the fire retardant property of the PDA coating on natural fabrics has been clearly demonstrated.
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Wang, Xiao Chun, Ran Wang, and Cai Jun Chen. "Application of Cone Calorimeter on the Flammability Testing of Textiles." Advanced Materials Research 332-334 (September 2011): 1959–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.332-334.1959.
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In the present work, cone calorimetric technique has been widely used to study the flammability of polymer. But there are few reports about the cone calorimetric technique exploited for textile. The flammability of cotton fabrics selected in this study was tested by cone calorimeter. The factors, such as fabric layers, heat flux, whether subjoining grid, were discussed and the repeatability of cone calorimetric data was analyzed. In addition, Attempts had been made to establish the suitable methods for measuring the flammability of textiles by cone calorimeter.
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Jeyaraj, Pandia Rajan, and Edward Rajan Samuel Nadar. "Effective textile quality processing and an accurate inspection system using the advanced deep learning technique." Textile Research Journal 90, no. 9-10 (2019): 971–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517519884124.
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This research paper focuses on the innovative detection of defects in fabric. This approach is based on the design and development of a computer-assisted system using the deep learning technique. The classification network is modeled using the ResNet512-based Convolutional Neural Network to learn the deep features in the presented fabric. Being an accurate method, this enables accurate localization of minute defects too. Our classification is based on three major steps; firstly, an image acquired by the NI Vision model and pre-processed for a standard pattern to Kullback Leibler Divergence calculation. Secondly, standard textile fabrics are presented to train the Convolutional Neural Network to classify the defective region and the defect-free region. Finally, the testing fabrics are examined by the trained deep Convolutional Neural Network algorithm. To verify the performance, multiple fabrics are presented and the classification accuracy is evaluated. For standard defects on defective fabrics, an average accuracy of 96.5% with 98.5% precision is obtained. Experimental results on the standard Textile Texture Database dataset confirmed that our method provides better results compared with similar recent classification methods, such as the Support Vector Machine and Bayesian classifier.
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Krishnappa, Likith, Jan-Hendrik Ohlendorf, Michael Brink, and Klaus-Dieter Thoben. "Investigating the factors influencing the shear behaviour of 0/90∘ non-crimp fabrics to form a reference shear test." Journal of Composite Materials 55, no. 20 (2021): 2739–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998321991625.
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Technical textiles have the ability to deform under load by shearing, which distinguishes them from thin sheet materials such as paper. This particular property helps them to deform and take the shape of the complex part that they were intended to create. Draping, flexibility and handling of technical textiles are greatly affected by their shearing behaviour. In this paper, the influence that factors such as stitch (i.e., presence or absence of it), testing speed and the pre-tension force applied have on the shear behaviour of 0/90∘ technical textile is studied to form a reference test. To achieve this, 0/90∘ technical textile samples in two different forms are prepared and subjected to the Trellis picture frame test. It was observed that the presence of stitch greatly affected the critical shear angle and the maximum shear force experienced by the textile. Increase in testing speeds and pre-tension force also increased the shear force experienced by it. However, the critical shear angle decreased with the increase in testing speed, while the value of pre-tension force applied had no effect on the critical shear angle.
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Troynikov, Olga, Nazia Nawaz, and Chris Watson. "Durability of vapor-permeable waterproof textile materials used in sailing protective apparel." Textile Research Journal 88, no. 24 (2017): 2825–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517517732079.
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Vapor-permeable waterproof textiles (VPWTs) are used in sailing apparel to protect wearers from weather and water exposure. They must also withstand knocks and abrasion. Failure of fabric waterproofing results in water intrusion, reduced thermal protection and potentially hypothermia. There are no standard methods for testing the waterproof durability of fabrics in these conditions. To evaluate waterproofing durability, we simulated high levels of wear on leading commercially available VPWT assemblies through mechanical treatment in wet conditions. To compare fabrics on multiple performance characteristics, we developed a Total Durability Penalty index associated with leaks and ruptures, weighted by failure pressure. The experiment revealed significant differences in VPWT deterioration under mechanical treatment. We determined that the mass per unit area and thickness of VPWT fabrics are positively correlated with pressure at leakage; that rupture is significantly and negatively associated with the mass per unit area and thickness of the inner and outer layers of fabric; and leakage pressure is positively correlated with the same parameters. These results show that it is important to consider wear conditions when assessing the long-term performance attributes of protective clothing assemblies.
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Yang, Cheng, Phuong Tran, Tuan Ngo, Priyan Mendis, and William Humphries. "Effect of Textile Architecture on Energy Absorption of Woven Fabrics Subjected to Ballistic Impact." Applied Mechanics and Materials 553 (May 2014): 757–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.553.757.
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Woven fabrics are widely used in various protective applications. The effects of different woven architectures (such as plain, basket, twill and satin) on impact resistance performance have not been adequately studied. In this work, high-speed impact testing on single layer plain weave structures has been carried out using a gas gun experimental setup. Ballistic resistance performance of the woven fabric is evaluated based on the resultant velocity of the projectile, as well as the post-mortem failure analysis. Finite element computational models are presented in this research, thereby providing predictive capability for the manufacturer and designer in order to minimise field testing, as well as shedding light on to the damage mechanisms of composite fabrics subjected to ballistic impact. The numerical model is validated with the experimental results in terms of dissipated energy and resultant velocity. Numerical investigation is conducted on other woven structures of identical areal density for comparison, revealing the importance of fabric architecture. The influences of yarn-yarn and yarn-projectile friction properties on the ballistic performance of various textile structures are also presented.
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Luan, Kun, Andre J. West, Marian G. McCord, et al. "Mosquito-Textile Physics: A Mathematical Roadmap to Insecticide-Free, Bite-Proof Clothing for Everyday Life." Insects 12, no. 7 (2021): 636. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects12070636.
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Garments treated with chemical insecticides are commonly used to prevent mosquito bites. Resistance to insecticides, however, is threatening the efficacy of this technology, and people are increasingly concerned about the potential health impacts of wearing insecticide-treated clothing. Here, we report a mathematical model for fabric barriers that resist bites from Aedes aegypti mosquitoes based on textile physical structure and no insecticides. The model was derived from mosquito morphometrics and analysis of mosquito biting behavior. Woven filter fabrics, precision polypropylene plates, and knitted fabrics were used for model validation. Then, based on the model predictions, prototype knitted textiles and garments were developed that prevented mosquito biting, and comfort testing showed the garments to possess superior thermophysiological properties. Our fabrics provided a three-times greater bite resistance than the insecticide-treated cloth. Our predictive model can be used to develop additional textiles in the future for garments that are highly bite resistant to mosquitoes.
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Medeiros, Jose Ivan, and Raul Fangueiro. "Analysis and Evaluation of Shape Memory Alloy Wires Behaviour in Weft-Knitted Fabrics." Materials Science Forum 730-732 (November 2012): 709–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.730-732.709.
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It is widely acknowledged within the textile engineering community that Shape Memory Alloys (SMA), exhibit great potential for several applications. This paper presents the research undertaken at the University of Minho aiming to study the behaviour of weft-knitted fabrics produced with SMA nitinol® wires. SMA nitinol® wires of type B (which shows shape memory effect at body temperature) of 50, 127 and 210 µm diameters have been used to produce weft-knitted fabrics with different loop types, e.g. stitch, tuck and miss. The influence of the loop type on the performance of the weft-knitted fabric, in terms of energy absorption, has been analyzed. Tensile tests were carried out according to ISO1462 standard, using a H100KS Hounsfield universal testing instrument. The results aim to help future applications of SMA in the development of new textile materials.
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Ni, Hong, and Rui Fan. "Study on Relationship between Mechanical Properties and Seam Smoothness Worsted Fabric." Advanced Materials Research 175-176 (January 2011): 999–1004. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.175-176.999.
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The instability of seam smoothness for worsted fabric is always a big problem in suit industry. With substantial development and application of new worsted fabric as well as the comprehensive application of various fiber materials，it is difficult to control seam smoothness of suit, creating the quality of suite to descend and adversely affecting the brand development in suit industry. The purpose of this paper is, therefore, intending to study the relationship between worsted fabric mechanical properties and garment seam smoothness grade as well as the effect of environmental air temperature and humidity conditions on smoothness of seam sample, by selecting several pieces of worsted fabrics and testing their mechanical properties through FAST. The goal of this paper is to facilitate textile and garment enterprises to improve their own textile process and finishing as well as the sewability of worsted fabrics.
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Wang, Guo He, Chun Hong Zhu, and Cui Ying Xu. "Development and Performance Study of Microstrip Patch Textile Antenna." Advanced Materials Research 175-176 (January 2011): 450–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.175-176.450.
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Based on analyzing the theory of microstrip patch antenna, the article simulates the specification of the antenna in the frequency of 1.575 GHz. The flexible textile antenna has been designed by structure design of three dimensional woven fabrics and manufactured on the ASL2300 rapier sample loom, with conductive fiber and polyester filament as materials. After testing by the Agilent 80533D Network Analyzer, the characteristic parameters have been discussed, such as the Return Loss, Voltage Standing-Wave Ratio, Band Width and so on. The results show that the antenna has good reflection properties of electromagnetic and can be used in microwave transmission.
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Zhao, Yu, Le Yin, Yuksel Ikiz, et al. "A study on customer’s preference toward summer-shirt fabric." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 15 (January 2020): 155892502090297. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1558925020902975.
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The understanding of preferences toward fabrics is an important step of understanding consumer behavior of apparel. This article presents a work to study the preferences toward summer-shirt fabrics and their characteristics, particularly the gender impact, visual impact, and tactile impact toward the preference of fabrics are separately studied. Furthermore, the stability of the preference from different genders was investigated as well. To achieve these goals, the visual system and the tactile system were employed for testing male and female preferences of fabrics and the characteristics of fabrics. The two contributions of this work are as follows: (1) the factors which impact the preference of a fabric were figured out, and their relationship become a good reference for an apparel designer, and with them, a piece of apparel with preferred fabrics is able to be produced; and (2) the textile development regarding the visual sense and tactile sense will become more targeted and customized in favoring different customers.
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Singh, Gagandeep, James Beddow, Christopher Mee, Lidia Maryniak, Eadaoin M. Joyce, and Timothy J. Mason. "Cytotoxicity Study of Textile Fabrics Impregnated With CuO Nanoparticles in Mammalian Cells." International Journal of Toxicology 36, no. 6 (2017): 478–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1091581817736712.
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Copper and copper compounds have multifunctional properties (antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal) with promising applications. Copper in its nanoparticle (Cu NPs) forms has been widely used in various industrial and commercial applications. In the current research, the cytotoxic effects of textile fabrics impregnated with copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) were studied in mammalian cell lines. CuO NPs were impregnated onto textile substrates using 2 different techniques: the sonochemical generation and impregnation of NPs from metal complexes ( insitu) and a “throwing the stones” technology using commercially prepared CuO NPs. The cytotoxicity of these 2 textile fabric types was assayed on human dermal fibroblast (HDF) cells and human hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2) and was evaluated by indirect contact using an MTT assay. The impregnated fabrics were not exposed to the cells, rather their leachates were used to test cytotoxicity. The fabrics were soaked into the growth media for up to 7 days, and the leachates from day 1 and day 7 were incubated with the cell lines for 24 hours prior to the testing. The discharge or leaching from antimicrobial nanomaterials into the surroundings and surface waters is posing a serious environmental threat, which needs to be addressed. Hence, with regard to product safety, it is a good approach to study the fabric leachates rather than the intact material. The results showed that CuO NPs are not toxic to HDF cells. However, cytotoxicity was seen in HepG2 cells with cell viability decreasing by 20% to 25% for all the fabrics after 24 hours.
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Wang, Xin, Manuel Quintero Romero, Xiu-Qin Zhang, Rui Wang, and De-Yi Wang. "Intumescent multilayer hybrid coating for flame retardant cotton fabrics based on layer-by-layer assembly and sol–gel process." RSC Advances 5, no. 14 (2015): 10647–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra14943b.
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Wakatsuki, Kaoru, Hajime Tsuji, Takehiro Kato, and Yoshio Ogawa. "Evaluation of Functional Underwear for Firefighter Clothing by Total Heat Loss." Advanced Materials Research 796 (September 2013): 617–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.796.617.
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Synthetic textile such as polyester and poly-urethane has been used for underwear in terms of moisture release and function in underwear. However, the synthetic underwear has high risk for skin burns due to melting and shrinking by heat. Thermal protection and comfort in fire fighter protective clothing is always trading off, but fire fighters tend to use the synthetic underwear to feel comfort and function during firefighting operation without understanding of the risk for skin burns by the textile. Objective of this study is to investigate if the synthetic underwear plays a significant role in moisture and metabolic heat transfer within the fire fighter clothing by total heat loss measurement. Measurement of the total heat loss has been conducted by the ASTM F-1868 instrument (Kato-Tech, Co. Ltd., Japan). Three type of fire fighter clothing, one station wear, and five types of underwear have been used for the test. Test has been conducted for each clothing and combination of clothing. The results shows that range of total heat loss is 322.3 W/m2 to 385.3 W/m2, 857.9 W/m2, 782.3 W/m2 to 897.3 W/m2 for three fire fighter clothing, one station wear and five underwear, respectively. However, when the fabrics of fire fighter clothing, station wear and underwear were piled up, the range of total heat loss decreased to 242.1 W/m2 to 304.4 W/m2. The data indicates that the fire fighter's multi-layer fabric controls the heat and moisture transfer within fire fighter clothing and no positive contribution by any types of underwear.
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Mandal, Sumit, Simon Annaheim, Thomas Pitts, Martin Camenzind, and René M. Rossi. "Studies of the thermal protective performance of fabrics under fire exposure: from small-scale to hexagon tests." Textile Research Journal 88, no. 20 (2017): 2339–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517517723020.
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This study aims to investigate the thermal protective performance of fabrics used in firefighters' clothing under high-intensity fire exposure. The performance of thermal protective fabric systems with different physical properties was evaluated under laboratory simulated fire exposure. Additionally, the influence of the configuration of the fire exposure tests and modes of heat transfer through the fabrics was also thoroughly investigated. The protective performance was evaluated using the standard small-scale flame [International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 9151:1995] and radiant heat (ISO 6942:2002) exposure tests. Additionally, the protective performance was evaluated under flash-fire exposure using a newly developed hexagon test. The protective performance values obtained from the small-scale (flame and radiant heat) and hexagon (flash fire) tests were compared and discussed. It has been found that a multi-layered fabric with high weight, thickness, and thermal resistance can significantly and positively affect the protective performance. If the air permeability of this fabric is high, it can show a lower protective performance; however, the impact of air permeability on the protective performance is insignificant especially in the case of the hexagon test. Notably, the protective performance can differ under two types of small-scale tests − flame and radiant heat. Also, this protective performance value is generally higher in the case of hexagon test in comparison with the small-scale tests. These differences in protective performance are mainly due to the unique configurations of these tests and/or different modes of heat transfer through the tested fabrics. The findings from this study will guide textile or materials engineers in the design and selection of materials for high performance thermal protective clothing; in turn, it will improve the occupational health and safety for firefighters.
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Mandal, Sumit, and Guowen Song. "Characterizing thermal protective fabrics of firefighters’ clothing in hot surface contact." Journal of Industrial Textiles 47, no. 5 (2016): 622–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1528083716667258.
Full textAbstract:
This study characterizes the thermal protective fabrics of firefighters’ clothing under the exposure of hot surface contact. For this, thermal protective performance of different fabrics was evaluated using a laboratory-simulated hot surface contact test, and various factors affecting the performance were statistically identified. Additionally, heat transfer mechanisms during testing were analytically and mathematically modeled. It has been found that fabric’s constructional features and properties are the key factors to affect its thermal protective performance. In this study, the presence of a thicker thermal liner in a layered fabric system resulted in higher performance; in contrast, a multi-layered fabric system incorporating a moisture barrier in its outer layer displayed the lowest performance. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that a fabric’s air permeability has a minimal impact on performance, whereas weight, thickness, and thermal resistance have a significant positive impact on performance. Based on the analytical and mathematical models developed, it was apparent that conductive heat transfer mainly occurs through fabric during testing, and this conductive heat transfer depends upon the surface roughness and thermal properties (thermal conductivity, density, and specific heat) of the tested fabric. Here, thermal contact resistance between the hot surface and fabric also plays a crucial role in the heat transfer or thermal protective performance of fabric. Moreover, the heat transfer gradually decreases across fabric thickness, which can substantially affect thermal protective performance. This study can advance the theory of textile/materials science through better understanding of heat transfer in fabrics. This understanding can help in developing an integrated knowledge of fabric properties, heat transfer through fabrics, and thermal protective performance of fabrics. The findings from this study can also assist textile/material engineers with the development of a high performance thermal protective fabric for clothing to provide better occupational safety and health for firefighters.