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1
Hotsalo, Kateryna. "The ideas about Ottomans in Italy during the 15th and 16th centuries: the study through textiles." Text and Image: Essential Problems in Art History, no. 1 (2022): 84–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2519-4801.2022.1.07.
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The article is an attempt to supplement the knowledge of Italians' ideas about Ottomans during the 15th and 16th centuries, using the preserved antique textiles of both cultures, as well as fabrics' mentions in written and visual sources. Modern technological research methods of ancient textiles make it possible to clarify their attributive data, which in turn contributes to more definite conclusions about artistic exchanges in the field of decoration of expensive textiles. Thus, for example, it turned out that two fabrics from the collection of the Khanenko Museum, which were considered Italian, are the work of Ottoman masters. If the structure of the Italian and Ottoman fabrics of the period under the study are quite different, visually – they are often almost identical. Despite the fact that the trade in Ottoman fabrics was not widespread in Italy during the 15th and 16th centuries, Italian painters and weavers still actively imitated the textile products of the Middle East. Written sources, especially epistolary and inventory, are also filled with references to Ottoman fabrics and "turkish-style" textiles. Since there were few authentic silks from West Asia in the secular space of Italian cities at the time, it is likely that citizens could even associate Ottoman culture with certain types of local textiles that looked like "Turkish". The number and peculiarities of their description in written sources suggest the Italians' enormous interest in Ottoman culture, "cautious concern" for the growing Ottoman Empire, and recognition of its dominance over many Asian peoples. All this took place in spite of the permanent wars between the Venetian Republic and the Ottomans. The entry into Italian fashion of fabrics "in the Turkish style" was lightning fast. However, local authors emphasized the antiquity of this fashion tradition, to some extent rooting the idea of kinship between the two cultures.
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Chaudhury, Sushil. "European Companies and the Bengal Textile Industry in the Eighteenth Century: The Pitfalls of Applying Quantitative Techniques." Modern Asian Studies 27, no. 2 (May 1993): 321–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x00011513.
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Bengal textiles enjoyed a unique place and an indisputable supremacy in the world market for centuries before the invasion of the machinmade fabrics in the early nineteenth century following the industrial revolution of the West and Political control of the Indian sub-continent by the English East India Company. It need not be emphasized that the products of the Bengal handloom industry reigned supreme all over the accessible Asian and North African markets in the middle ages, and later became one of the major staples of the export trade of the European Companies. Most travellers from Europe starting with Tomé Pires, Varthema and Barbosa in the sixteenth century to Bernier, Tavernier and others in the seventeenth singled out especially textiles of Bengal for comments on their extraordinary quality and exquisite beauty. But it was not only in the field of high qulity cloth that Bengal had a predominant position; it was also the main Production centre of ordinary and medium quality textiles. Long before the advent of the Europeans, the Asian merchants from different parts of the continent and Indian merchants from various regions of the country derived a lucrative trade in Bengal textiles.
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Yekti, Septian Nur. "Diplomasi Perdagangan Indonesia dalam Rantai Pertambahan Nilai Global Produk Tekstil ke Pasar Timur Tengah." POLITEA 1, no. 2 (December 1, 2018): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.21043/politea.v1i2.4322.
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<p class="06IsiAbstrak"><strong>Indonesia Trade Diplomacy in the Textile Product Global Value Chains to the Middle East Market</strong>. Textile and textile products are important commodities for all developing countries, including Indonesia. Despite of those significance, developing countries have to deal with the challenge of the global context. The crisis in developed countries previousely were major textile export destination add the challege. This paper aims to find out Indonesia’s strategy to maintain its textile industry as its major potential commodity. In doing so, this research focuses on the strategy of trade diplomacy in the context of global value chains. Considering the decline trend of export to the developed countries, this research focus on the market of Middle East as the non-traditional market. This reseach applies descriptive qualitative reseach metodh with the concept of global value chains and trade diplomacy as the research analitical framework. This research finds that, in the context of GVC, Indonesia has the highly competitive barrier to entry suitable to penetrate Middle East market. It has production chains domestically, while marketing chains to the Middle East countries. Furthermore, in trade diplomacy, Indonesia implements the function of representation, negotiation, and advocacy.</p><p class="06IsiAbstrak">Keywords: Textile products export, GVC, trade diplomacy, Middle East market</p>
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Petrulyte, Salvinija, and Donatas Petrulis. "Lithuanian Folk Textile Heritage: Expressive Possibilities of Designs." Fibres and Textiles in Eastern Europe 26, no. 4(130) (August 31, 2018): 130–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.1324.
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Lithuanian folk textile heritage is an important part of world culture heritage, on which various ideas and traditions are imprinted with the emphasis on the education of selfconsciousness of society and preservation of national identity. This paper deals with a complex analysis of Lithuanian national fabrics, the data of which have been collected by the authors’ abundant expeditions into Lithuanian rural territories. The current research presents the peculiarities of designs, colours and ornamentation of authentic woven textile manufactured since the middle of the 19th century up to now. The significance of this study is that it investigates only authentic textiles obtained from weavers or their relatives in Lithuanian villages, and the presence of these articles has been undisclosed up to now. This research presents collected, registered and investigated data concerning colours, ornamentation and patterns as expressive possibilities of designs of Lithuanian folk textile: dimai and pick-up fabrics. The current analysis discovers new features of originality of the national fabrics.
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Merkulov, Aleksandr, and Marina Savenkova. "Spinning and Weaving of the Middle Don Population of the Scythian Time." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 4. Istorija. Regionovedenie. Mezhdunarodnye otnoshenija, no. 3 (July 2019): 37–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2019.3.3.
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Introduction. The article analyzes the level of developing spinning and weaving production of the Middle Don population in the Scythian time. Based on studying textile prints on the bottoms of ceramic vessels, as well as some extant samples of fabrics, the fineness of threads and the direction of their twist, the type of weave and the density of fabrics are reconstructed. Methods. The authors studied 18 samples of fabric imprints on the bottoms of the ceramic vessels of Mostyshche hillfort. The imprints were made with the help of highly plastic clay. The analysis of the extant fragments of fabrics was carried out with the help of microscopic equipment in the laboratory of the State Historical Museum. Analysis. The fabric imprints of different varieties made of fibers of vegetable origin were found on the pottery from Mostishche hillfort. The density of coarser ones did not exceed 10 threads per 1 cm. The majority were fabrics with a density of up to 15 threads per 1 cm. The textile from the barrow burials was made of woolen threads, was of high density and, accordingly, a higher quality. In addition, one of the fabric fragments found in the barrows was painted red, and probably was imported. Results. Almost all analyzed samples had a simple plain weave of 1/1. An exception was only a fragment of fabrics found near Mastyugino village, which had a rep weave of 1/3. The fineness of threads in fabrics varied, but, as a rule, was uniform over the entire length, which indicates a highly developed spinning process. The uniform distribution of weft and warp threads in the fabric structure, as well as using threads of different twist direction in one fabrics, shows developed weaving production. The analysis of other archaeological sources, as well as involving ethnographic data allows the authors of the article to assume parallel use of horizontal and vertical weaving looms in the Scythian time in the Middle Don.
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Sabatini, Serena. "Textile tools from the East Gate at Mycenaean Midea, Argolis, Greece." Opuscula. Annual of the Swedish Institutes at Athens and Rome 9 (November 2016): 217–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.30549/opathrom-09-08.
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This contribution presents in the first place an analysis and interpretation of all implements and tools possibly related to textile production that were recovered in the East Gate area at Midea during the Greek-Swedish excavation campaigns between 2000 and 2009. Secondly, with the help of comparative evidence from other zones on the citadel of Midea and also from other Mycenaean sites, it is argued that at least one multifunctional unit, where textile manufacture was also carried out, might have existed in the East Gate area. It is also suggested that this textile production comprised fine quality products to a significant extent. Finally, referring to signalling theory it is proposed that the fabrics possibly manufactured in the citadel served as means for the local community or élite to partake in the socio-cultural and political competition which seems to characterize Mycenaean society in general.
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Balgale, Ilze, and Ilze Baltina. "Woven Textile Pressure Switch." Key Engineering Materials 850 (June 2020): 297–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.850.297.
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In this paper has shown that the three-dimensional hollow weaving technique enables to produce a textile pressure sensor in one continuous process. Based on the multilayer fabric principle, the hollow woven fabrics can be created by connecting adjacent layers of the fabrics according to certain rules. The appropriate fabric structure has been selected and the three-layer weaving technique was used to make the textile pressure switch. The fabric structure is selected to ensure that the top and bottom layers are kept at a distance from each other. The electrically conductive tracks were embedded in the hollow structure of the fabric in bottom and middle layers. Three conditions must be fulfilled in order to create the textile switch: a) the fabric in normal condition keeps the shape required, i.e. the conductive elements are physically separated from each other; b) when the fabric is pressed, conductive elements are in contact, i.e. the switch is now in an electrically on state; c) after the pressure has been removed the fabric returns to its original position, i.e. switch is in an electrically off state. The behavior of the electrically conductive yarn and conductive tracks were tested in various ways. The stainless steel yarn woven in particular way can be used to create woven conductive tracks. Example of application: the pressure sensitive woven rug, the whole area or part of which acts as the pressure sensor or simple switch. The pressure switch in the floor coverings can turn on alarm systems or indicator lamps in the floor or wall coverings for guidance systems in public buildings.
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Stojanović, Goran M., Maja M. Radetić, Zoran V. Šaponjić, Marija B. Radoičić, Milan R. Radovanović, Željko V. Popović, and Saša N. Vukmirović. "A Textile-Based Microfluidic Platform for the Detection of Cytostatic Drug Concentration in Sweat Samples." Applied Sciences 10, no. 12 (June 26, 2020): 4392. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10124392.
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This work presents a new multilayered microfluidic platform, manufactured using a rapid and cost-effective xurography technique, for the detection of drug concentrations in sweat. Textile fabrics made of cotton and polyester were used as a component of the platform, and they were positioned in the middle of the microfluidic device. In order to obtain a highly conductive textile, the fabrics were in situ coated with different amounts of polyaniline and titanium dioxide nanocomposite. This portable microfluidic platform comprises at least three layers of optically transparent and flexible PVC foils which were stacked one on top of the other. Electrical contacts were provided from the edge of the textile material when a microfluidic variable resistor was actually created. The platform was tested in plain artificial sweat and in artificial sweat with a dissolved cytostatic test drug, cyclophosphamide, of different concentrations. The proposed microfluidic device decreased in resistance when the sweat was applied. In addition, it could successfully detect different concentrations of cytostatic medication in the sweat, which could make it a very useful tool for simple, reliable, and fast diagnostics.
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Biedrońska-Słota, Beata. "Medieval fabrics with eastern proveniencein Polish collections." Folia Historica Cracoviensia 28, no. 2 (December 30, 2022): 165–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.15633/fhc.28202.
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Textiles produced in the leading weavers’ centres of the Orient and used in Poland during the Middle Ages make an interesting and valuable complex. They were imported mainly for liturgical vestments but also for decoration of chapels and secular interiors. Richly and uniquely designed, woven in specialized workshops from silk with large amount of gold, they demonstrated prestige and taste of the ecclesiastical and secular elites. Eastern textiles in Polish collections may be combined in separate groups. The first group, perhaps the most uniform in style and technique, comprises textiles whose origin is attributed to the workshops in Cyprus and Cairo, active under the Mamluc Sultanate (1250–1517), especially in the period 1250–1382. The second group are the textile produced in Constantinople or Brusa before 1449. Another group comprises paraments made of textiles whose pattern includes a rhythmically repeated Arabic inscription stored at National Museum in Gdańsk and coming from the store of the St Mary’s Church in Gdańsk, produced in workshops of northern Persia around the middle of the 14th century.
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Dimova, Bela, and Margarita Gleba. "From tools to production: recent research on textile economies in Greece." Archaeological Reports 67 (November 2021): 109–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0570608421000065.
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The aim of this report is to provide a summary of the latest developments in the textile archaeology of Greece and the broader Aegean from the Neolithic through to the Roman period, focusing in particular on recent research on textile tools. Spindle-whorls and loomweights appeared in the Aegean during the Neolithic and by the Early Bronze Age weaving on the warp-weighted loom was well established across the region. Recent methodological advances allow the use of the physical characteristics of tools to estimate the quality of the yarns and textiles produced, even in the absence of extant fabrics. The shapes of spindle-whorls evolved with the introduction of wool fibre, which by the Middle Bronze Age had become the dominant textile raw material in the region. The spread of discoid loomweights from Crete to the wider Aegean has been linked to the wider Minoanization of the area during the Middle Bronze Age, as well as the mobility of weavers. Broader issues discussed in connection with textile production include urbanization, the spread of different textile cultures and the identification of specific practices (sealing) and previously unrecognized technologies (splicing), as well as the value of textiles enhanced by a variety of decorative techniques and purple dyeing.
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Tnunay, Ite Morina Yostianti, Florian Mayesti Prima R. Makin, and Welsiliana. "Diversity and Potential of Flowering Plants in Timau Mutis Nature Reserve, Tasinifu Village." BIOEDUSCIENCE 6, no. 1 (April 1, 2022): 14–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.22236/j.bes/616923.
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Background: The mountain ecosystem in Mutis Timau Nature Reserve, Oelmuke Village, has a high diversity of flowering plants but has not been recorded. Inventaritation of the flowering plant provides reference information for area conservation. This study aims to inventory the types and uses of flowering plants by the community and other potential benefits in the Mutis Timau Nature Reserve, Oelmuke Hamlet, East Nusa Tenggara. Method: This research was conducted in August 2019 in Oelmuke Village, East Nusa Tenggara. The plant collection was conducted using an experimental method along the Oelmuke Village area. The information on the use of flowering plants by the community using the interview method and information about other potential uses using the literature review method. Result: The flowering plants inventoried from Oelmuke Village is 31 species from 15 families that have been used as food, animal feed, building materials, medicinal materials, ornamental plants, hedge plants, firewood, and cigarette raw materials, and textile materials. Other potential uses are as an accumulator of Pb waste and dye for woven fabrics. Conclusions: The 31 species of plants that have been inventoried have been used by the community as food, animal feed, building materials, medicinal materials, ornamental plants, hedges, firewood, cigarette raw materials, and textile materials and other potential uses are accumulator Pb waste and dyes for woven fabrics
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Sikorski, Andrzej. "Analiza odcisków tkanin na IX-XI-wiecznej ceramice naczyniowej z Góry, gm. Pobiedziska, woj. wielkopolskie, stan. 1." Folia Praehistorica Posnaniensia 10 (November 1, 2018): 243–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/fpp.2003.10.09.
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Results of the analysis of fabrics impressions on pottery brings about a valuable information about materials used in potter’s workshops. It seems that old rags were most commonly used there. Craftsmen employed them for the following purposes: (a) to get a molded vessel unstuck from pad and/or wheel (the rag was put under the bottom - possibly instead of filling); (b) to smooth vessel’s surface (after it has been formed); (c) to carry finished, albeit still soft pot; (d) to put a drying vessel on the fabric. A study of “pottery” fabrics, often completely ignored by scholars, is not of trivial importance for the reconstruction of textile products, not only in the Middle Ages.
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Sooai, Adri Gabriel, and Fransiskus Asisi Aditya Dwiandri. "Pengenalan Citra Kain Tenun Nusa Tenggara Timur Menggunakan SqueezNet dan Decision Tree." KONSTELASI: Konvergensi Teknologi dan Sistem Informasi 4, no. 1 (June 27, 2024): 136–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.24002/konstelasi.v4i1.9220.
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Pengenalan kain tenun melalui pengolahan citra memiliki nilai tinggi dalam melestarikan warisan budaya dan membantu dalam identifikasi dan klasifikasi produk tekstil tradisional. Untuk tujuan ini, penelitian ini mengusulkan pendekatan yang memanfaatkan pohon keputusan atau Decision Tree untuk mengenali gambar kain tenun khas Nusa Tenggara Timur. Efektivitas dalam klasifikasi data dimensi tinggi menjadikannya alat yang ideal untuk memodelkan pola unik yang ada dalam gambar kain tenun. Data set penelitian ini terdiri dari berbagai jenis kain tenun Nusa Tenggara Timur, dan hasil eksperimen menunjukkan keakuratan pendekatan yang kami usulkan dalam mengenali kain-kain ini, mencapai tingkat keberhasilan yang menjanjikan dalam klasifikasi motif dan pola yang kompleks. Temuan ini merupakan kontribusi yang signifikan terhadap pengembangan sistem otomatis untuk mengidentifikasi dan mendokumentasikan kain tenun tradisional, yang pada gilirannya dapat mendukung inisiatif pelestarian budaya dan pertumbuhan industri lokal di Nusa Tenggara Timur. The recognition of woven fabrics through image processing has a high value in preserving cultural heritage and assisting in the identification and classification of traditional textile products. To this end, this study proposes an approach that utilizes a Decision Tree (DT) to recognize images of woven fabrics typical of East Nusa Tenggara. DT's effectiveness in high-dimensional data classification makes it an ideal tool for modeling unique patterns present in woven fabric drawings. The dataset consisted of different types of East Nusa Tenggara woven fabrics, and experimental results showed the accuracy of the approach in recognizing these fabrics, achieving promising success rates in the classification of complex motifs and patterns. These findings represent a significant contribution to the development of automated systems for identifying and documenting traditional woven fabrics, which in turn can support cultural preservation initiatives and local industrial growth in East Nusa Tenggara.
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Thilagavathi, G., K. Rajendrakumar, and T. Kannaian. "Development of Textile Laminates for Improved Cut Resistance." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 5, no. 2 (June 2010): 155892501000500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/155892501000500205.
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Fiber structures, yarn structures, and mechanical properties of fibers namely tensile modulus, tenacity, and elongation, are the key performance indicators of fabric cut resistance. p-aramid and UHDPE (Ultra High Density Polyethylene) based high performance fibers are most commonly used for protection against mechanical risks. Specially engineered composite yarns and fabrics enhance cut resistance. This paper discusses the influence of textile structure configuration on the performance of cut resistant textiles. A three tier laminate composite was made using knitted Kevlar fabric, (p-aramid) as the outer surface, polyurethane foam in the middle and a knitted nylon fabric as the skin contact layer. This specially engineered laminate showed a 20% increase in cut resistance when compared with the Kevlar fabric used for lamination. The combination of breathable PU foam and knitted fabric yielded high stretch with improved breathability and dexterity.
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SHISHLINA, N., O. ORFINSKAYA, D. KISELEVA, P. HOMMEL, N. KUZNETSOVA, N. PETROVA, and E. SHAGALOV. "BRONZE AGE WOOL FABRICS OF SOUTH SIBERIA: RESULTS OF TECHNOLOGICAL, ISOTOPIC AND RADIOCARBON ANALYSES." TRANSACTIONS OF THE INSTITUTE FOR THE HISTORY OF MATERIAL CULTURE Russian Academy of Science 23 (2020): 70–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.31600/2310-6557-2020-23-70-81.
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The paper presents the results of technological, isotopic and radiocarbon analyses of wool fabric samples from the Bronze Age burials of South Siberia. It is suggested that the appearance of wool fibers in this region was connected to the Late Andronovo population of the middle — early second half of the II mil. BC. The location of the textile production centers remains an open question, because the isotopic composition of the studied samples (nitrogen, carbon, variations of 87Sr/86Sr ratios) shows that wools textiles from the Uzhur, Uibat and Ust-Erba cemeteries could not have been produced locally.
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Rasheed, Abher, Mumtaz Hasan Malik, Faheem Ahmad, Farooq Azam, and Sheraz Ahmad. "Effect of Fibers and Weave Designs on the Thermo-Physiological Comfort of Summer Scarf Fabric." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2022 (August 29, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8384193.
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The summer headscarves, which are usually made of polyester, are commonly used by women in the Middle East and South Asia regions. The polyester fibers provide good luster and drape but give poor comfort to the wearer. This work aims to produce summer headscarf fabrics using four different fibers with three different fabric structures to achieve comfortable summer scarf. The micropolyester, TENCEL™, COOLMAX®, and bamboo fibers were selected to construct the fabrics with 1/1 plain, 2/1 twill, and 2/2 matt weave. The ring spinning technique was employed to form yarns, which were later used to construct fabrics from these yarns. The fabrics were tested for drape, surface friction, air permeability, thermal resistance, overall moisture management capability, etc. The study revealed that matt weave is the best choice for summer scarf fabrics due to its structure. Further, it was also concluded that in fibers, micropolyester and TENCEL™ can provide the best results for aesthetic, tactile, and thermal comfort.
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Tefera Zele, Yifokire, Abera Kumie, Wakgari Deressa, Bente E. Moen, and Magne Bråtveit. "Reduced Cross-Shift Lung Function and Respiratory Symptoms among Integrated Textile Factory Workers in Ethiopia." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 8 (April 16, 2020): 2741. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17082741.
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Chronic respiratory symptoms and reduction in lung function has been described as a common health problem among textile workers in low- and middle-income countries. The objective of this study was to measure lung function and respiratory symptoms among workers from an integrated textile factory. A comparative cross-sectional study design with a cross-shift lung function measurement was performed in 306 cotton dust exposed workers from an integrated textile factory and 156 control workers from a water bottling factory. An integrated textile factory typically has four main production departments (spinning, weaving, finishing, and garment) that process raw cotton and manufacture clothes or fabrics. Respiratory symptoms were assessed by adopting the standard American Thoracic Society questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and logistic and linear regression analysis were used. The prevalence of respiratory symptoms was significantly higher among textile workers (54%) than in controls (28%). Chronic cough, chest tightness, and breathlessness were significantly higher among textile workers (23%, 33%, and 37%, respectively) than in the control group (5%, 17% and 6%, respectively). Breathlessness was the most prevalent chronic respiratory symptom with highest adjusted odds ratio 9.4 (95% CI 4.4–20.3). A significantly higher cross-shift lung function reduction was observed among textile workers (123 mL for FEV1 and 129 mL for FVC) compared with the control group (14 mL for FEV1 and 12 mL for FVC). Thus, workers’ respiratory health protection programs should be strengthened in textile factories.
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Bledsoe, Jenny C. "Women’s Work and Men’s Devotions: The Fabrics of the Passion in “O Vernicle”." Medieval Feminist Forum 57, no. 1 (2021): 49–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.32773/hiij3544.
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This article explores how male Cistercians producing an early fifteenth-century miscellaneous manuscript made devotional use of images representing women’s textile labor. An early manuscript copy of “O Vernicle,” a Middle English arma Christi poem, appears in Royal 17 A. xxvii, likely produced at Bordesley Abbey. The Royal version of “O Vernicle” features a unique marginal illumination of two women of Bethlehem and Jerusalem wearing green and red dresses. The woman in green holds a baby swaddled in a green and blue cloth with red stripes, similar to a Scottish tartan. Three other examples demonstrate the illuminator’s careful attention to fabric’s texture and encourage the user to imagine touching Christ’s clothing. These include the Veronica; the translucent white blindfold before Christ’s eyes; and his two tunics, one of which “hade sem none.” The Royal manuscript’s illuminations incorporate multiple textiles and human figures both to customize the poem to the local Cistercian, Worcestershire context and the abbey’s and region’s role in cloth production and also to create scripts for readers’ affective devotions. These female figures and their fabrics fashion a tactile-affective devotional approach to the Passion story. In the Royal manuscript’s text and images, women’s textile work functions as a hermeneutic lens and sensorial-affective prompt within both male monastic and lay devotional culture.
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Elnashar, Amr Elsayed, Hossam Elnashar, and Elsayed A. Elnashar. "The future of development and innovation in Egypt of solar textiles for the needs of the Middle East to increase the economy." Journal of Textile Engineering & Fashion Technology 7, no. 6 (December 22, 2021): 219–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/jteft.2021.07.00291.
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Based on the Solar Textile “SOLTEX” objectives,2 the Egyptian National Strategy for applications for solar Textile.1 The Purpose of the article with a view to being a national guide for moving forward towards the future textile industry in this field, by monitoring the available components of a textile science, technology and innovation system, and introducing operational components and programs. With specific of “SOLTEX” solar textiles, and mechanisms, in cooperation and communication with all “SOLTEX” solar textiles, and relevant international bodies. The Results Obtained : Applications for solar Textile have been identified , that the Technology and innovation should be developed, Resulting to develop a formula for the complete and continuous linkage between the research, technology and innovation sector and the industry, and services sector by utilizing the human and material resources available with the solar textile enterprises” SOLTEX" throughout Egypt, in a way that supports the state's orientation towards a knowledge-based economy, that achieves progress, prosperity and well-being, that the Egyptian society desires and the needs of Africa and the Middle East to increase the economy.
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Tashkandi, Salwa, Li Jing Wang, Sinnappoo Kanesalingam, and Amit Jadhav. "Thermal Comfort Characteristics of Knitted Fabrics for Abaya." Advanced Materials Research 627 (December 2012): 164–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.627.164.
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Fabric material plays an important role in the thermal comfort of Abaya because it is the outer garment of Muslim women. Abaya is black in colour and covers the whole body except the hands, feet and face. It is mandatory to wear Abaya in the Saudi Arabia and certain parts of Middle East countries irrespective of the outside environmental temperature which could be up to 45°C. Therefore, the thermal transmission characteristics of the abaya are extremely important as human body responds to the external thermal environment through clothing. In a hot environment, it is extremely uncomfortable to wear several layers of clothing under the Abaya. Hence it is essential to enhance the thermal comfort of fabrics used for Abaya. This study investigated five selected knitted fabrics that could be used as Abaya fabrics for thermal resistance, air permeability, thermal comfort and vapour resistance. The results indicated that the fabrics with different knit structures, fibre composition and fabric weight have greater influence on thermal comfort performance.
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Dembitskaya, Alexandra S., and Irina V. Rybaulina. "Geometric ornament in domestic textile design: formation and ways of improvement." Vestnik slavianskikh kul’tur [Bulletin of Slavic Cultures] 64 (2022): 316–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.37816/2073-9567-2022-64-316-324.
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The paper identifies and describes the main ways and forms of establishment and development of geometric ornament from the canonical textile ornament to modern textile geometric patterns. The authors trace the most significant historical stages of formation and features of artistic domestic textiles. It is noted that the manufacturing period had a crucial impact on the development of domestic geometric ornament. Industrial technologies made it possible to obtain more complex ornamental compositions on the surface of the fabric compared to the printed pattern of handicraft fabrics. The study also analyzes the impact of constructivism as a new style of the early 20th century, considers geometrized propaganda textiles, which influenced the formation of new views on the creation of artistic techniques for designing geometric ornamental textile patterns and briefly, on separate examples, dwells on the stylistic trends of the middle — the second half of the 20th century, which affected the shaping of artistic and aesthetic concept of designing a modern geometric pattern. The authors pay particular attention to modern methods of designing geometric textile ornaments. It has been determined that a modern geometric ornament combines various design approaches and technologies for its application to fabric, which makes it possible to obtain completely new artistic and figurative solutions and aesthetic features of perception. The paper points out the possibilities of developing the structural organization of geometric ornamental forms in modern domestic textile design.
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Bhudolia, Somen K., Kenneth KC Kam, and Sunil C. Joshi. "Mechanical and vibration response of insulated hybrid composites." Journal of Industrial Textiles 47, no. 8 (June 20, 2017): 1887–907. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1528083717714481.
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Electrically nonconductive composites are required in various engineering applications ranging from radome, antenna and many more. This research aims at investigating the mechanical properties of electrically non-conductive hybrid composites (thin carbon non-crimp fabric, Kevlar and E-glass fabrics) in combination with thermosetting epoxy resin. The composites comprise of multi-axial textile reinforcement carbon fabrics in the middle section with symmetrical quasi-isotropic layup, sandwiched with Kevlar fibre for improved impact performance and E-glass fibre at the outermost parts for electrical insulation. The fabrics are injected with room-temperature-cure epoxy using economical and energy saving resin transfer moulding manufacturing process. Electrical continuity tests and mechanical properties including vibration damping response, flexure and impact were studied to investigate the performances of the manufactured hybrid composites. Three hybrid laminate configurations were manufactured, and experimental results showed that hybrid composite with more number of Kevlar layers performed better for vibration and flexure testing. For impact performance, results showed that the absorbed impact energy improved with the inclusion of more glass layers, whereas configuration with more Kevlar layers experienced greater peak load to failure. The details of the composites fabrication, manufacturing and experiments conducted and the related findings with underlying reasons for the improvement offered by particular group of laminate configuration are discussed in the article.
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Pakucs-Willcocks, Mária. "“Turkish” Textiles in South-Eastern and East-Central Europe in the Early Modern Period: The Evidence of Transylvanian Customs Accounts." Journal of Early Modern History 24, no. 4-5 (September 21, 2020): 363–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700658-12342655.
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Abstract This paper analyzes data from customs accounts in Transylvania from the middle of the sixteenth century to the end of the seventeenth on traffic in textiles and textile products from the Ottoman Empire. Cotton was known and commercialized in Transylvania from the fifteenth century; serial data will show that traffic in Ottoman cotton and silk textiles as well as in textile objects such as carpets grew considerably during the second half of the seventeenth century. Customs registers from that period also indicate that Poland and Hungary were destinations for Ottoman imports, but Transylvania was a consumer’s market for cotton textiles.
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Zdorenko, V. G., V. Yu Kucheruk, S. V. Barilko, and S. N. Lisovets. "Non-contact Ultrasound Method of Thread Tension Determination for Light Industry Machinery." Bulletin of the Karaganda University. "Physics" Series 104, no. 4 (December 30, 2021): 35–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.31489/2021ph4/35-45.
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It has been established that with the help of a pulsed ultrasonic signal of complex shape, it is possible to determine the tension of a filament with a high linear density in a special waveguide with a rectangular crosssection. It has been proved that the amplitude ratios of ultrasonic waves that interact with different textile filaments are influenced by their linear density, the angle between the passage direction of part of the waves enveloping the fibers in the middle and the surface of these fibers, as well as the angle between the direction of wave propagation enveloping the thread itself from the outside, and the surface of the whole material. It should be noted that the corresponding bypass angles of the ultrasonic waves of the textile depend on the material porosity, frequency of the ultrasonic waves, and their power. To enable non-contact control of the change in the tension of the thread branch, it is advisable to use a pulsed ultrasonic signal with two different peaks of the waves, amplitudes, which are adjusted to the linear density of the thread and its conditional radius. Additionally, the use of this method will provide operational technological control in the production of textile fabrics
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Chen, Chaoyu, Zhaoqun Du, Weidong Yu, and Tilak Dias. "Analysis of physical properties and structure design of weft-knitted spacer fabric with high porosity." Textile Research Journal 88, no. 1 (November 13, 2016): 59–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517516676060.
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The main content dealt with in the paper is to present a kind of weft-knitted spacer fabric with high porosity. It is a kind of three-dimensional textile fabric with a sandwich structure that consists of a middle layer of multifilament and two outer layers of plain-knitted fabric. Compared with traditional warp-knitted spacer fabric as cushion mats, weft-knitted spacer fabric is well used as apparel for good softness, thermal/moisture comfort, and air permeability. Therefore, three structures were designed and nine samples were prepared by choosing plain-knitted fabric as the outer layers and selecting soft and thin multifilament as a middle layer. Experimental results show that this kind of weft-knitted spacer fabrics has high porosity, greater than 86%, and also demonstrate that the weft-knitted spacer fabric is suitable for comfortable apparel based on experimental results of air permeability, compression properties, stiffness, and thermal insulation properties.
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Arafat, Hassan A. "Simple physical treatment for the reuse of wastewater from textile industry in the Middle East." Journal of Environmental Engineering and Science 6, no. 1 (January 2007): 115–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/s06-033.
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KAYA, YUSUF, GIZEM GÜNAYDIN KARAKAN, and EMILIA VISILEANU. "The impact of foreign exchange movements on Turkish textile sector." Industria Textila 70, no. 03 (2019): 291–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.35530/it.070.03.1591.
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Due to importance of global supply chain and high-tech exports, importance of new developing markets is gradually increasing. Turkey keeps the strategic importance for textile sector being in the center of Balkans, Asia, Middle East, North Africa, Eastern Europe and Russia. The geographical location allowing trade in the region makes the country much more advantageous than its competitors. However, devaluation and the exchange rate volatility of Turkish Lira in 2018 have been seriously affecting Turkish textile sector. This study aims to determine the impact of exchange rate fluctuation on Turkish textile firms’ performance between the years of 2013 and 2017. Additionally, multiple regression analysis was done in order to investigate the impact of firms’ performance such as firm age and firm size on performance of the textile firms. According to results, it was observed that exchange rate volatility had a negative effect on the firm performance and the firm size had a negative effect on firm performance while the firm age did not have any influence on firms’ performance significantly.
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Нуридинова, Тамара, and Ольга Удовенко. "On Interfaces on the Great Silk Road: Historical Examples of Relations Between Middle Asia and China." Uzbekistan: language and culture 1, no. 4 (December 10, 2019): 101–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.52773/tsuull.uzlc.2019.4/pmtd5210.
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The term “Great Silk Road” was coined in 1877 by the German geologist, geographer and traveler Ferdinand von Richthofen (1833-1905). Through the Great Silk Road from China to Rome from the 3rd century BC not only silk spread, but also religious and cultural ideas. Samarkand, Bukhara, Khiva - ancient cities were the central points of the Silk Road. Trade and diplomatic exchange between China and Central Asia begins in the 1st century. BC. The ruler of the Han dynasty, U-Di (reigned in 141-87 BC), sent in 138 BC his envoy Zhan Tsan to establish an alliance with Yue-chi in the fight against the Huns. Many years later, Zhan Tsan managed to return home with information about the prosperous Fergana, Samarkand, Bukhara and Balkh and gained access to the homeland of the legendary “heaveny horses”, and also gave China the opportunity to open trade routes through Sichuan to Turkestan and Bactria. The relationships between East and West were bilateral - Western fabrics were imported into China, especially Persian and Syrian brocade, Byzantine fabrics, cotton and wool fabrics, embroidery. In addition to the glorious horses, the Chinese valued hunting dogs, falcons, cheetahs, wines, glassware and rock crystal. In the VIII century, music, dancers, actors from Samarkand and Bukhara gained wide popularity in China. Gradually, silk production began to spread outside of China, by the 6th century, silk weaving centers arose in Sogd and the Byzantine Empire. The significance of the Great Silk Road was not only in commodity exchange, but also for centuries there has been a cultural, scientific and technological exchange.
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Koren, Zvi C. "Chromatographic Investigations of Purple Archaeological Bio-Material Pigments Used as Biblical Dyes." MRS Proceedings 1374 (2012): 29–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2012.1376.
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ABSTRACTThis article discusses recent scientific research performed by the author in understanding the composition of archaeological purple pigments and dyes from molluskan sources, which were primarily used for the dyeing of royal and priestly textiles, as also cited in the Bible. Towards this end, the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method has been applied to the qualitative and quantitative multi-component fingerprinting of purple pigments extracted from various Muricidae mollusks inhabiting the Mediterranean waters. The results show that the colorants in these purple pigments belong to three chemical groups: the indigoids (of major importance), the indirubinoids, and the isatinoids. Application of this analytical method to purple pigments and dyes on archaeological artifacts from the ancient Near and Middle East has lead to a number of breakthroughs and discoveries made by this laboratory. These include the following: decipherment of the optimal method by which the ancients practiced purple-dyeing by completely natural means; first HPLC analysis of a raw unprocessed purple archaeological snail pigment and the resulting identification of a dibrominated indirubin in this pigment; discovery of the purple pigment as the sole paint pigment on a 2,500 royal marble jar from the Persian King Darius I; and the discovery that a 2,000 year old miniscule fabric found atop the Judean Desert palatial fortress of Masada belonged to the royal purple mantle of King Herod I and is the first Biblical Argaman dye found in ancient Israel.
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Phillips, Amanda. "Fahmida Suleman: Textiles from the Middle East and Central Asia: Fabric of Life. 232 pp. London: British Museum and Thames & Hudson, 2017. ISBN 978 0 500 519912." Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 81, no. 2 (May 25, 2018): 362–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x18000782.
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Schulte-Pelkum, Vera, Jonathan Saul Caine, James V. Jones, and Thorsten W. Becker. "Imaging the Tectonic Grain of the Northern Cordillera Orogen Using Transportable Array Receiver Functions." Seismological Research Letters 91, no. 6 (September 9, 2020): 3086–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0220200182.
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Abstract Azimuthal variations in receiver function conversions can image lithospheric structural contrasts and anisotropic fabrics that together compose tectonic grain. We apply this method to data from EarthScope Transportable Array in Alaska and additional stations across the northern Cordillera. The best-resolved quantities are the strike and depth of dipping fabric contrasts or interfaces. We find a strong geographic gradient in such anomalies, with large amplitudes extending inboard from the present-day subduction margin, the Aleutian arc, and an influence of flat-slab subduction of the Yakutat microplate north of the Denali fault. An east–west band across interior Alaska shows low-amplitude crustal anomalies. Anomaly amplitudes correlate with structural intensity (density of aligned geological elements), but are the highest in areas of strong Cenozoic deformation, raising the question of an influence of current stress state. Imaged subsurface strikes show alignment with surface structures. We see concentric strikes around arc volcanoes implying dipping magmatic structures and fabric into the middle crust. Regions with present-day weaker deformation show lower anomaly amplitudes but structurally aligned strikes, suggesting pre-Cenozoic fabrics may have been overprinted or otherwise modified. We observe general coherence of the signal across the brittle-plastic transition. Imaged crustal fabrics are aligned with major faults and shear zones, whereas intrafault blocks show imaged strikes both parallel to and at high angles to major block-bounding faults. High-angle strikes are subparallel to neotectonic deformation, seismicity, fault lineaments, and prominent metallogenic belts, possibly due to overprinting and/or co-evolution with fault-parallel fabrics. We suggest that the underlying tectonic grain in the northern Cordillera is broadly distributed rather than strongly localized. Receiver functions thus reveal key information about the nature and continuity of tectonic fabrics at depth and can provide unique insights into the deformation history and distribution of regional strain in complex orogenic belts.
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Salzmann, Ariel. "AN INTRODUCTION TO THE RESEARCH OF FARUK TABAK, SOCIOLOGIST." International Journal of Middle East Studies 40, no. 3 (August 2008): 529–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743808081300.
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Faruk Tabak, who died of complications following a stroke on 15 February 2008 at age fifty-four, passed his youth in central Anatolia. A childhood in industrial Eskişehir—where, he once told me, the Porsuk River's color varied with the day's textile-dye batch—and college winters in smog-enveloped Ankara made him (“a man of the north”) dream of the pristine landscapes and bright tableaus of Turkey's Mediterranean shores. Trained as an architect and later as a planner at the Middle East Technical University, Tabak charted the currents of modern hegemony, capitalism, ecology, and the spatial dispersion of populations through the deep waters of the Mediterranean's past.
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Mentges, Gabriele. "Suleman, Fahmida: Textiles of the Middle East and Central Asia. The Fabric of Life. London: Thames & Hudson, 2017. 232 pp. ISBN 978-0-500-51991-2. Price: £ 29.95." Anthropos 114, no. 1 (2019): 294–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0257-9774-2019-1-294.
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Bel, Sylvain, Nahiene Hamila, and Philippe Boisse. "Analysis of Non-Crimp Fabric Composite Reinforcements Forming." Key Engineering Materials 504-506 (February 2012): 219–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.504-506.219.
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Abstract Two experimental devices are used for the analysis of the deformation mechanisms of biaxial non-crimp fabric composite reinforcements during preforming. The bias extension test, commonly use for the shear behaviour characterisation of woven fabrics, allows to highlight the sliding between the two plies of the reinforcement. This sliding is localized in areas of high gradient of shearing. This questions the use of bias extension test in determining the shear stiffness of the studied reinforcement. Then a hemispherical stamping experiment, representative of a preforming process, allows to quantify this sliding. The slippage is defined as the distance, projected onto the middle surface, of two points initially opposed on both sides of the reinforcement. For both experiments, the characteristic behavior of the non-crimp fabric reinforcement is highlighted by comparison with a woven textile reinforcement. This woven fabric presents only a very little sliding between warp and weft yarns during preforming. This aspect of the deformation kinematics of the non-crimp fabric reinforcement must be considered when simulating the preforming.
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RIPKA, Galyna, and Iryna ZASORNOVA. "METHOD OF ESTIMATING THE EFFECT OF CONTOURS EMBROIDERED ELEMENT ON PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF FABRICS." HERALD OF KHMELNYTSKYI NATIONAL UNIVERSITY 299, no. 4 (October 2021): 187–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.31891/2307-5732-2021-299-4-187-191.
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Computer embroidery is one of the modern types of garment decoration. But in our country this industry is insufficiently studied. Instead, today there are entire associations of embroidery companies abroad, periodicals are published, special schools operate, international conferences are held, and Internet conferences on computer embroidery are organized. The article discusses the issues of improving the quality of applying an embroidered element to a textile material in order to increase the competitiveness of garments in the domestic market of goods and services. It was found that during machine embroidery, the most vulnerable point is the border of the “fabric-embroidery” system. If the embroidered pattern along the contours of the edge is characterized as a “straight line”, then the maximum value of the destruction of the samples at the warp occurs with tatami stitches, and weft with tatami stitches and zigzag. When the pattern is embroidered in the form of a circle, the destruction already occurs not only along the perimeter of the “arc line”, but also in the middle. If the embroidered pattern is a rectangle with wavy edges, in contrast to the straight and arc border lines in the system “fabric-embroidery”, the process of destruction occurs within, starting from the upper and then the lower contours. There is also a decrease in rupture characteristics at (S), (Z), and (T) –stitches. When studying the effect of embroidery needles on the physical and mechanical characteristics of textile materials, it was experimentally established that this process should be attributed to the destructive, the degree of which depends on their number, as well as the step and type of stitches. This is evidenced by the increase in the values of the coefficient of air permeability of the samples of materials and the decrease in the breaking indicators in comparison with the initial values. Thus, the research and their analysis shows that the degree of change in rupture characteristics, as a control indicator, primarily depends on the contour of the edge of the pattern, as well as the type of computer embroidery weave, but the greatest influence of these factors occurs when the geometry of the system boundary ” fabric-embroidery “is a straight line, and the smallest – a wavy line that does not contradict the mathematical model, the conclusions of which were used in the design of the embroidered element for children’s clothing (pants).
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RIPKA, GALYNA, and IRYNA ZASORNOVA. "METHOD OF ESTIMATING THE EFFECT OF CONTOURS EMBROIDERED ELEMENT ON PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF FABRICS." Herald of Khmelnytskyi National University 301, no. 5 (October 2021): 196–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.31891/2307-5732-2021-301-5-196-200.
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Computer embroidery is one of the modern types of garment decoration. But in our country this industry is insufficiently studied. Instead, today there are entire associations of embroidery companies abroad, periodicals are published, special schools operate, international conferences are held, and Internet conferences on computer embroidery are organized. The article discusses the issues of improving the quality of applying an embroidered element to a textile material in order to increase the competitiveness of garments in the domestic market of goods and services. It was found that during machine embroidery, the most vulnerable point is the border of the “fabric-embroidery” system. If the embroidered pattern along the contours of the edge is characterized as a “straight line”, then the maximum value of the destruction of the samples at the warp occurs with tatami stitches, and weft with tatami stitches and zigzag. When the pattern is embroidered in the form of a circle, the destruction already occurs not only along the perimeter of the “arc line”, but also in the middle. If the embroidered pattern is a rectangle with wavy edges, in contrast to the straight and arc border lines in the system “fabric-embroidery”, the process of destruction occurs within, starting from the upper and then the lower contours. There is also a decrease in rupture characteristics at (S), (Z), and (T) –stitches. When studying the effect of embroidery needles on the physical and mechanical characteristics of textile materials, it was experimentally established that this process should be attributed to the destructive, the degree of which depends on their number, as well as the step and type of stitches. This is evidenced by the increase in the values of the coefficient of air permeability of the samples of materials and the decrease in the breaking indicators in comparison with the initial values. Thus, the research and their analysis shows that the degree of change in rupture characteristics, as a control indicator, primarily depends on the contour of the edge of the pattern, as well as the type of computer embroidery weave, but the greatest influence of these factors occurs when the geometry of the system boundary ” fabric-embroidery “is a straight line, and the smallest – a wavy line that does not contradict the mathematical model, the conclusions of which were used in the design of the embroidered element for children’s clothing (pants).
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Gareau, S. A. "The Scotia–Quaal metamorphic belt: a distinct assemblage with pre- early Late Cretaceous deformational and metamorphic history, Coast Plutonic Complex, British Columbia." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 28, no. 6 (June 1, 1991): 870–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e91-079.
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The Scotia–Quaal metamorphic belt extends from Hawkesbury Island to Work Channel between the early Late Cretaceous Ecstall and the Paleogene Quottoon plutons. The belt consists of a Proterozoic?–Paleozoic metasedimentary and metavolcanic sequence, the Middle Devonian Big Falls orthogneiss, Early Jurassic orthogneiss, and Jurassic or Cretaceous mafic and ultramafic intrusive rocks. The assemblage may be correlative with Nisling terrane lithologies and may have shared a common history, at least from Early Jurassic time on, with rocks of Stikine terrane.Strong planar and linear fabrics, abundant folds, and scarcity of kinematic indicators characterize the belt's deformational style. Development of a strong foliation followed by three episodes of folding occurred between emplacement of the Middle Devonian Big Falls orthogneiss and early Late Cretaceous Ecstall intrusion. Paleogene fabrics occur in the Quottoon pluton and in the easternmost 1.5 km of the Scotia-Quaal belt. If a major Paleogene shear zone is postulated to explain the disparity in cooling dates, metamorphic histories, and structural styles between the western and central Coast Plutonic Complex, then it does not traverse the Scotia–Quaal metamorphic belt, but must be located within or at the western edge of the Quottoon pluton.Medium-pressure, epidote–amphibolite to upper amphibolite facies metamorphic conditions are preserved in the central region. Metamorphic grade increases gradually across the belt from west to east and from south to north. Regional metamorphism outlasted regional deformation. Contact metamorphism associated with Quottoon and Ecstall intrusion is apparent only in rocks of the southern region where regional metamorphic grades are lowest.
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Zand-Moghadam, Hamed, Reza Moussavi-Harami, Asadollah Mahboubi, and Hoda Bavi. "Comparison of Tidalites in Siliciclastic, Carbonate, and Mixed Siliciclastic-Carbonate Systems: Examples from Cambrian and Devonian Deposits of East-Central Iran." ISRN Geology 2013 (June 16, 2013): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/534761.
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For the comparison of lithofacies in siliciclastic, carbonate, and mixed siliciclastic-carbonate tidal systems, three successions including Top Quartzite (Lower-Middle Cambrian), Deranjal Formation (Upper Cambrian), and Padeha Formation (Lower-Middle Devonian) in the north of Kerman and Tabas regions (SE and E central Iran) were selected and described, respectively. Lithofacies analysis led to identification of 14 lithofacies (Gcm, Gms, Gt, Sp, St, Sh, Sl, Sr, Sm, Se, Sr(Fl), Sr/Fl, Fl(Sr), and Fl) and 4 architectural elements (CH, LA, SB, and FF) in the Top Quartzite, 7 lithofacies (Dim, Dp, Dr, Ds, Dl, Dr/Dl, and Fcl) and 2 architectural elements (CH, CB) in the Deranjal Formation, and 17 lithofacies (Sp, St, Sh, Sl, Sr, Se, Sr(Fl), Sr/Fl, Fl(Sr), Fl, Dr, Ds, Sr/Dl, El, Efm, Efl, and Edl) and 5 architectural elements (CH, LA, SB, FF, and EF) in the Padeha Formation that have been deposited under the influence of tides. The most diagnostic features for comparison of the three tidalite systems are sedimentary structures, textures, and fabrics as well as architectural elements (lithofacies association). The CH element in siliciclastics has the highest vertical thickness and the least lateral extension, while in the carbonate tidalites, it has the least vertical thickness and the most lateral extension compared to in other systems.
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Ismail, Bahijah Kh, and J. Nicholas Postgate. "A Middle Assyrian flock-master's archive from Tell Ali." Iraq 70 (2008): 147–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021088900000929.
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In 1978 a small archive of about twenty-five cuneiform tablets was discovered at the site of Tell Ali, which stands on the left bank of the Lower Zab more or less where travellers from Aššur to Nuzi and Arrapha would have crossed the river, some 42 km west of Kerkuk (Ismail 1982, 117). These tablets are now in the care of the Iraq Museum. We present here copies of almost all the texts by Dr Ismail, with her transliterations, alongside translations and commentary which are the joint work of the two authors.Documentation of animal husbandry has been rather scarce among the Middle Assyrian archives hitherto recovered. A few texts have been published from Aššur (see Jacob 2003: KAJ 115; 225; 267; 97; WVDOG 94 73; VS 21 26), and some of the best evidence came from Tell Billa, ancient Šibaniba, north-east of Nineveh (Finkelstein 1953, especially Nos. 21 and 36). It is clear that the Durkatlimmu archives will soon provide much fresh evidence (see passages cited in Jakob 2003, 365 ff.). This small archive from Tell Ali is contemporary with the bulk of the Durkatlimmu texts, and resembles them in various respects. Small as it is, it conveys a clear picture of the Assyrian state's interest in animal husbandry as a source of meat for special occasions and of wool and goat-hair to meet the state's requirements for everyday textile production.
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Rohalida, Ananda Putri, Kahfiati Kahdar, and Yan Yan Sunarya. "Pemanfaatan Limbah Kulit Siwalan (Borassus Flabellifer) Sebagai Pewarna Alami untuk Produk Intimates (Bra Mastektomi)." Syntax Idea 4, no. 1 (January 20, 2022): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.36418/syntax-idea.v4i1.1735.
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Siwalan is spread throughout Indonesia, such as Bali, South Sulawesi, and East Java. Siwalan has many benefits from fruit, leaves, to coir fiber. However, the skin of siwalan is still underutilized. Intimate eco-fashion using natural dyes is still underdeveloped, especially in the manufacture of mastectomy bras, even though this opportunity is still very large considering the high number of breast cancers in Indonesia. The number of breast cancer sufferers in Indonesia has reached 42.1 people per 100 thousand population. The utilization of waste siwalan’s skin as a natural dye for mastectomy bra products is a fulfillment of the need for mastectomy bras by providing color variations and innovations that are more environmentally friendly. This study was structured using mixed methods. The method is more directed to the qualitative method supported by experiments which are part of the quantitative method. The objectives of this research include: (a) Produce natural dyes through experiments from siwalan’s skin extract on tencel fabrics that are most in demand by potential customers; (b) Produce a mastectomy bra based on eco fashion through observation of intimates fashion 2023 design and color preference using palm tree extract by prospective customers. The novelties in this research include: (a) Making textile products with natural coloring derived from the palm bark; (b) Functioning the material that has been dyed into a mastectomy bra product. This resulted in conclusions, namely: (a) The production of textile products with natural dyes derived from the skin of the palm tree; (b) The result will be an innovation in the field of fashion that is more environmentally friendly, a mastectomy bra made from dyed tencel fabric will function very well and have beautiful colors that are environmentally friendly.
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Rohalida, Ananda Putri, Kahfiati Kahdar, and Yan Yan Sunarya. "Pemanfaatan Limbah Kulit Siwalan (Borassus Flabellifer) Sebagai Pewarna Alami untuk Produk Intimates (Bra Mastektomi)." Syntax Idea 4, no. 1 (January 20, 2022): 9–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.46799/syntax-idea.v4i1.1735.
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Siwalan is spread throughout Indonesia, such as Bali, South Sulawesi, and East Java. Siwalan has many benefits from fruit, leaves, to coir fiber. However, the skin of siwalan is still underutilized. Intimate eco-fashion using natural dyes is still underdeveloped, especially in the manufacture of mastectomy bras, even though this opportunity is still very large considering the high number of breast cancers in Indonesia. The number of breast cancer sufferers in Indonesia has reached 42.1 people per 100 thousand population. The utilization of waste siwalan’s skin as a natural dye for mastectomy bra products is a fulfillment of the need for mastectomy bras by providing color variations and innovations that are more environmentally friendly. This study was structured using mixed methods. The method is more directed to the qualitative method supported by experiments which are part of the quantitative method. The objectives of this research include: (a) Produce natural dyes through experiments from siwalan’s skin extract on tencel fabrics that are most in demand by potential customers; (b) Produce a mastectomy bra based on eco fashion through observation of intimates fashion 2023 design and color preference using palm tree extract by prospective customers. The novelties in this research include: (a) Making textile products with natural coloring derived from the palm bark; (b) Functioning the material that has been dyed into a mastectomy bra product. This resulted in conclusions, namely: (a) The production of textile products with natural dyes derived from the skin of the palm tree; (b) The result will be an innovation in the field of fashion that is more environmentally friendly, a mastectomy bra made from dyed tencel fabric will function very well and have beautiful colors that are environmentally friendly.
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Naeem, Jawad, Adnan Ahmed Mazari, and Antonin Havelka. "Review: Radiation Heat Transfer Through Fire Fighter Protective Clothing." Fibres and Textiles in Eastern Europe 25 (August 31, 2017): 65–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.2665.
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A fire fighter garment is multilayer protective clothing with an outer shell, moisture barrier and thermal barrier, respectively. Fire fighters encounter different levels of radiant heat flux while performing their duties. This review study acknowledges the importance and performance of fire fighter protective clothing when subjected to a low level of radiation heat flux as well as the influence of air gaps and their respective position on the thermal insulation behaviour of multilayer protective clothing. Thermal insulation plays a vital role in the thermal comfort and protective performance of fire fighter protective clothing (FFPC). The main emphasis of this study was to analyse the performance of FFPC under different levels of radiant heat flux and how the exposure time of fire fighters can be enhanced before acquiring burn injuries. The preliminary portion of this study deals with the modes of heat transportation within textile fabrics, the mechanism of thermal equilibrium of the human body and the thermal protective performance of firefighter protective clothing. The middle portion is concerned with thermal insulation and prediction of the physiological load of FFPC. The last section deals with numerical models of heat transmission through firefighter protective clothing assemblies and possible utility of aerogels and Phase Change Materials (PCMs) for enhancing the thermal protective performance of FFPC.
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Blaszczyk, Regina Lee. "Synthetics for the Shah: DuPont and the Challenges to Multinationals in 1970s Iran." Enterprise & Society 9, no. 4 (December 2008): 670–723. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s146722270000759x.
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In the 1960s and 1970s, the largest U.S. chemical firm, E.I. du Pont de Nemours & Company, established an international presence in synthetic fibers by building plants to make nylon, polyester, and acrylic in Latin America and Europe. DuPont managers also looked to the Middle East, specifically to Iran, which was fast industrializing under Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi. The Shah's pro-Western stance and his country's rich oil fields made Iran appealing to a petrochemical giant like DuPont, which used petroleum feed stocks to make fibers and other products. In the 1970s, DuPont partnered with the Behshahr Industrial Group, a conglomerate run by the Ledjavardi clan, one of Iran's leading families, to build a high-tech fiber facility that would help modernize the Iranian textile industry. The story of this short-lived joint venture, a victim of the Islamic Revolution, demonstrates the challenges to multinationals operating in imperial Iran, and shows how the daily experience of dealing with cultural differences often masked larger political and economic troubles.
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Shehata, Ahmed Mohamed. "Sustainable-Oriented Development for Urban Interface of Historic Centers." Sustainability 15, no. 3 (February 3, 2023): 2792. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15032792.
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The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) cities’ historic centers have a unique urban fabric regarding land use, physical characteristics, and environmental performance. Several cities within this region are subject to significant development projects based on demolition and replacement. These projects aim to improve the quality of life and enhance the city’s socioeconomic and sustainability. This paper investigates the physical characteristics of the urban interface between the historical centers and the rest of the cities’ urban expansions to ensure a smooth transition between the historic urban fabric and the rest of the city’s urban fabric. The research objective was fulfilled by developing a framework to classify urban fabric types based on their physical characteristics. Jeddah city was selected as a case study. Six growth phases of the city were identified. Based on this classification, urban fabric samples representing these phases were selected. These urban samples’ physical characteristics were analyzed. Results identified in urban fabric characteristics between the historic center and the other identified urban fabrics within the city, especially the demolished deteriorated surrounding urban areas. Urban features for under-development urban areas were concluded. Design guidelines were suggested for historical centers to achieve homogeneous integrated, sustainable, livable urban areas.
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Moser, D. E. "The geology and structure of the mid-crustal Wawa gneiss domain: a key to understanding tectonic variation with depth and time in the late Archean Abitibi–Wawa orogen." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 31, no. 7 (July 1, 1994): 1064–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e94-096.
Full textAbstract:
The amphibolite-facies central Wawa gneiss domain (CWGD) preserves structures that developed at the mid-crustal level of the ca. 2.7 Ga Abitibi–Wawa orogen in the southern Superior Province. The relative ages of these domainal structures are documented and brackets on their absolute ages established using existing U–Pb age data. Correlation of tectonic events within the CWGD, and comparison of these events with the evolution of other structural levels of the orogen, has led to subdivision of orogenesis into five stages. During stage 1 (2700–2680 Ma), 2.9 and 2.7 Ga rocks were tightly folded and (or) thrusted at all crustal levels in at least one thick-skinned compression event. During stage 2 (2680–2670 Ma), folding and thrusting of Timiskaming-age sediments at high levels of the orogen was thin-skinned and had no effect on CWGD gneisses. During stage 3 (2670–2660 Ma), while the upper crust was relatively stable, a 1 km thick package of volcanics and sediments, the Borden Lake belt, was underthrust northwards to depths of 30 km and in-folded with orthogneiss of the CWGD. During stage 4 (2660–2637 Ma), coeval east–west extension and granulite metamorphism of the middle crust produced gently dipping shear zones that overprinted earlier fold structures in the CWGD and lower structural levels of the orogen. This took place with minimal effect on the upper crust. Stage 5 (2630–2580 Ma) marks a period of east–west shortening and (or) fault reactivation in the Kapuskasing uplift and upper-crustal greenstone belts that allowed penetration of deep-crustal metamorphic fluids into the latter. In general, analysis of the structural evolution of the CWGD indicates that deformation and metamorphism in the middle crust of the Abitibi–Wawa orogen outlasted that at upper-crustal levels, resulting in the generally shallower dips of planar fabrics in the deeper structural levels of the Kapuskasing uplift crustal cross section.
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Lemieux, Sophie, Gerald M. Ross, and Frederick A. Cook. "Crustal geometry and tectonic evolution of the Archean crystalline basement beneath the southern Alberta Plains, from new seismic reflection and potential-field studies." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37, no. 11 (November 1, 2000): 1473–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e00-065.
Full textAbstract:
Deep seismic reflection profiling of the southern Alberta crystalline basement, namely the Archean Medicine Hat block (MHB), has revealed that the crust is characterized by west- and southwest-dipping reflection fabrics, a layered lower crust, and geometric cutoffs that are interpreted to be remnants of a complex tectonic history. Upper to middle crustal dipping reflections are interpreted to be associated with Archean rocks drilled below the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin and their geometry is consistent with east- and northeast-verging imbrication. Layered lower crustal reflections of the MHB are interpreted as Early Proterozoic delaminated Loverna block crust and injected mafic material, based on geometric relationships, xenolith dating, and gravity modelling. The reflection Moho is diffuse below the MHB at ~15 s two-way time (~47 km). This is similar to estimates based on adjacent seismic refraction data and is up to ~8 km deeper than regions north of the MHB. The MHB crust is interpreted to have undergone two episodes of crustal deformation in the Precambrian: (1) Late Archean formation of the MHB crust by continental collision of two Archean domains along a crustal-scale ramp; and (2) Early Proterozoic crustal shortening associated with the formation of the Vulcan structure, the delamination of the Loverna block crust, and postcollisional injection of mafic melts beneath the MHB crust. Radiometric dating of lower crustal xenoliths suggests a significant Early Proterozoic thermal event in the deep crust beneath the MHB that is coeval with orogenic activity in the Trans-Hudson Orogen and the East Alberta Orogen.
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Liu, Huichuan, Jichun Wang, Chun-Kit Lai, Yinglei Li, Jingfan Wang, Chongyu Song, Jiadong Zhang, Xin Zhao, and Jiangdong Qin. "Anatomy of two Permian greenschist- to blueschist-facies tectonic mélanges in the Solonker Suture Zone (Inner Mongolia, northeastern China): evidence for divergent double subduction and soft collision." Journal of the Geological Society 177, no. 5 (June 11, 2020): 981–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/jgs2020-006.
Full textAbstract:
The timing and processes of the Paleo-Asian Ocean (PAO) closure are still controversial issues due to ambiguous interpretation of the regional geological records. We describe the structural and kinematic features of two Permian greenschist-/blueschist-facies tectonic mélanges at Zhurihe and Erdaojing in Inner Mongolia (northeastern China), separated by the Solonker Suture. The tectonic mélanges have block-in-matrix fabrics. The Zhurihe tectonic mélange in the south is dominated by NE-trending folds, and east–west- to NE-trending reverse/strike-slip faults, indicating a NW–SE compressive direction. Blocks in the Zhurihe mélange include ophiolitic fragments (c. 292 Ma) and ocean island sequences (c. 274 Ma), which show E-MORB and OIB geochemical affinities, respectively. The matrix includes blueschist, greenschist, quartz schist and clastics, of which the blueschist yielded a zircon U–Pb age of c. 255 Ma, and is geochemically E-MORB-like. The Erdaojing mélange north of the Solonker Suture is dominated by east–west-trending folds, and NE- and NW-trending reverse faults, indicating a north–south compressive orientation. The Erdaojing mélange is composed of early Permian (c. 281 Ma) ophiolite blocks, and middle Permian (c. 266 Ma) actinolite schist and clastics as the matrix. The Erdaojing ophiolitic rocks are geochemically N-MORB tholeiitic. Our results define two parallel Permian MORB-type ophiolitic belts separated by the central Solonker Suture. These observations are evidence for the Permian divergent double subduction and Early Triassic soft-collision model for the PAO along the Solonker Suture.Supplementary material: Detailed analytical methods and results are available at: https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.5008910
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Bongomin, Ocident, Eric Oyondi Nganyi, Mfanga Ramadhani Abswaidi, Emmanuel Hitiyise, and Godias Tumusiime. "Sustainable and Dynamic Competitiveness towards Technological Leadership of Industry 4.0: Implications for East African Community." Journal of Engineering 2020 (June 1, 2020): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8545281.
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The war to technology and economic powers has been the driver for industrialization in most developed countries. The first industrial revolution (industry 1.0) earned millions for textile mill owners, while the second industrial revolution (industry 2.0) opened the way for tycoons and captains of industry such as Henry Ford, John D. Rockefeller, and J.P. Morgan. The third industrial revolution (industry 3.0) engendered technology giants such as Apple and Microsoft and made magnates of men such as Bill Gates and Steve Jobs. Now, the race for the fourth industrial revolution (industry 4.0) is on and there is no option, and every country whether developed or developing must participate. Many countries have positively responded to industry 4.0 by developing strategic initiatives to strengthen industry 4.0 implementation. Unlocking the country’s potential to industry 4.0 has been of interest to researchers in the recent past. However, the extent to which industry 4.0 initiatives are being launched globally has never been divulged. Therefore, the present study aimed at exploring industry 4.0 initiatives through a comprehensive electronic survey of the literature to estimate the extent of their launching in different regions. Inferences were drawn from industry 4.0 initiatives in developed nations to be used as the recommendations for the East African Community. Results of the survey revealed that 117 industry 4.0 initiatives have been launched in 56 countries worldwide consisting of five regions: Europe (37%), North America (28%), Asia and Oceania (17%), Latin America and the Caribbean (10%), and Middle East and Africa (8%). The worldwide percentage was estimated as 25%. This revealed that there is a big gap existing between countries in the race for industry 4.0.
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Anurati Chaudhuri, Lina Chakraborty and Sankar Roy Maulik. "Recycling– an Approach towards Sustainability." International Journal for Modern Trends in Science and Technology 06, no. 9S (October 16, 2020): 169–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.46501/ijmtst0609s28.
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Recycling and up-cycling are two popular buzz-words in today’s society and is a large component of the environmental movement to reduce ecological damage. Recycling refers to those products that are used till they are considered waste and then used again to make similar or different kinds of products. Textile recycling is the method of reusing or reprocessing of used fabrics, fibrous materials, natural renewable resources and clothing scraps. Recycled textiles are generally used in low quality end use thereby downgrading the standards of ultimate products. In India, clothing plays an important role in deciding one’s status since historic period. In today’s world, people wear branded clothes to show their fashion sense and financial position in the society. Fashion is considered to be one of the fastest brand industries on the planet and approximately 80 billion new pieces of clothing are being sold every year throughout the world, which is around 400% more than the production of 40 years ago. Fashion employ more than 300 million people worldwide and clothing production has doubled during the last fifteen year. In order to produce 1 kg of fabric 23 kg of green house gases are emitted. Textile industry generates more CO2 and half of the cloth present in the wardrobe may never been worn in a year. Fashion is now considered as the second most polluting industry and increasing middle classes in developing world for making their own fashion statement, the situation is getting worse. A huge amount of water, manpower, electricity is needed to produce raw materials and that same amount or more is used to produce the final products. As estimated, the total clothing sales will reach 175 million tons by 2050, which will turn the planet into biggest fashion victim. Thus this industry is facing challenges on sustainability. In this context, the aim of this paper is to show upcycling of textiles in the era of fast fashion. Most of the people is not familiar to the term up-cycling and have the misconception that up-cycled materials are made from second hand products and are not as good as branded clothes. This may be true to a certain extent but to preserve our mother earth it is very essential to think in this approach of recycling and/or up-cycling in the coming years. The objective is to create innovative designs from the activity of recycling. The products are made from used clothes, whereas dyeing and printing of apparels is done by using the waste materials of nature. Bark and dry flowers of trees is used for dyeing; whereas dry leaves are used for Botanical prints on old fabrics. Old sarees are used for making new apparel. The use of recycle materials will reduce the pressure on virgin resources; develop value added creative textiles, provide job opportunities among the surrounding communities, reduce the ecological damage and make people aware of using recycled textiles.
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Bizgu, Tatiana. "Art of Clothing on the Territory of Historical Moldova during the Time of Alexander cel Bun." Intertext, no. 1(59) (July 2022): 127–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.54481/intertext.2022.1.14.
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Period of the reign of Alexander the Good - the most interesting era of Romanian feudal civilization and art. During this peaceful time, conditions were created for the development of crafts. Intense political and social transformations took place. The economic and cultural relations of the Romanian countries with Europe and the Middle East played an important role in the evolution of the art of clothing. The trade routes were exploited with great benefit for the country. As a result of the research of this period we can see how there have been changes in the clothing of the various social strata of the population of Moldova, the fate of everyday and holiday wear. Shapes, cut, color, length, accessories, complete with furs, combining pieces of high class clothing were analyzed. The paper also briefly reflects the precious sources used for research in the field of clothing, including descriptions of chronicles and stories of foreign travelers. The terminology specific to the studied period, the assortment and artistic value of local and imported fabrics, women's jewelry and the component parts of the royal and boyar ceremonial costumes evocative of the court life of Moldova were briefly reflected, was attracted attention to clothing of the Moldovan soldiers.