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Journal articles on the topic 'Textile fabrics Testing'
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1
Petrulyte, Salvinija, Deimante Plascinskiene, and Donatas Petrulis. "Testing and predicting of yarn pull-out in aroma-textile." International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology 29, no. 4 (August 7, 2017): 566–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijcst-10-2016-0113.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to predict the pull-out force of loop pile of ramie/cotton terry woven fabrics treated with aroma-microcapsules as well as to understand and to interpret the pull-out behaviour developing the mathematical model. Design/methodology/approach The displacements and forces associated with pulling a yarn from different structures of fabrics were determined. Regression analysis and factorial designs were performed. Findings The yarn pull-out behaviour of terry fabric is highly dependent on the applied treating and demonstrated various extents of variability under the different pulling distances. The character of yarn pull-out is periodic and depends on fabric construction. The difference between the resistance to pile loop extraction for the grey and modified terry fabrics depends on the changed fabric’s structure. The existence of good relation between binder’s concentration and resistance to pile loop extraction of terry fabric was proved. Practical implications The study enables to forecast important loop feature for terry aroma-textiles: to be securely held in the place preventing loop pulling. Originality/value The assessment of the influence of fabric’s weft density and binder’s concentration for the yarn pull-out of terry aroma-textile was proposed. The research developed analysis and empiric mathematical equations suitable for predicting of displacements and forces related to pulling phenomenon as well as designing new multifunctional terry fabrics with resistance to pile loop extraction required. The received knowledge could enlarge the base of information needful for design of new products for clothing, home textile and healthcare/well-being applications as well.
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Schwager, Carolin, Christoph Peiner, Isa Bettermann, and Thomas Gries. "Development and Standardization of Testing Equipment and Methods for Spacer Fabrics." Applied Composite Materials 29, no. 1 (January 20, 2022): 325–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10443-021-09959-y.
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AbstractSpacer fabrics are three-dimensional textile structures consisting of two textile cover surfaces and a spacer thread. Up to now, spacer fabrics have been tested according to standards for flat textiles or other non-textile materials. However, these standards do not take into account the special requirements for testing spacer fabrics. Some sample holders of the testing devices are not designed for the thickness of the spacer fabrics, so that the tests cannot be carried out. In other tests, the samples can be mounted, but the test results are falsified by the methodology, e.g. strong compression of the sample before testing. Therefore, objective comparisons among spacer fabrics or between spacer fabrics and conventional flat textiles or non-textile materials cannot be made in all areas of application. The focus of this paper is in the developing of testing devices for seven test setups (1. sample preparation, 2. maximum force, 3. thickness, 4. compression, 5. mass per unit area, 6. permeability to air, 7. abrasion resistance). The new testing devices and methods were designed and manufactured using the method of an iterative development process. The following steps were carried out identically for all seven test setups: deficit analysis, development of concepts, construction of test benches, evaluation, transfer into standards. As part of this research work the developed devices where both tested and evaluated by industrial partners as well as later translated into a standard by the German Institute for Standardization (DIN e.V.). As a central result, a first standard for the testing of spacer fabrics was created and published: DIN 60022–1 “Spacer textiles – Terms and definitions, sample preparation” [4]. For testing textiles, it is important that geometrically identical and structurally intact samples are prepared. Therefore, this standard provides measurement tools and methods for the evaluation of sample quality (e.g. roundness of circular samples, maximum offset and shearing of the surfaces). Two further test methods (determination of thickness and air permeability) were developed and are now being transferred to standards. Within the new test standards, the special properties of spacer fabrics are given special consideration. In addition to the test methods developed within this work, further research is necessary. In particular, the tilting stability (linked to the in-plane and out-of-plane shear measurement) as well as the compression behaviour of spacer fabrics are important tests that need to be analysed and further developed. Therefore, further research is planned for six test methods (1. compression hardness, 2. compression set, 3. tilting stability, 4. pressure point distribution, 5. abrasion resistance, 6. maximum force). This work enables standardized testing of spacer fabrics and thus objective comparisons not only between various spacer fabric constructions but also with conventional flat textiles and with non-textile materials.
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Sun, Yu Chai, Zhong Hao Cheng, and Yan Mei Zhang. "Research on the Mechanical Properties of Pure Stainless Fiber and its Effect on Textile Processing." Advanced Materials Research 332-334 (September 2011): 824–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.332-334.824.
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Pure stainless fiber products have many excellent properties such as high temperature resistance, resistance to corrosion, high efficient filter etc.. Pure stainless fabrics are getting wider range of application in the field of industrial textiles. The property differences between stainless fiber and common textile fiber made the textile processing of stainless yarn difficult. Based on the testing of dynamic friction coefficient, static friction coefficient, breaking strength and breaking elongation, this paper analyzes the main performance characteristic of stainless fiber and the reasons that makes textile processing difficult. Countermeasures for fabric manufacturing are suggested accordingly.
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Mandal, Sumit, and Guowen Song. "Characterizing thermal protective fabrics of firefighters’ clothing in hot surface contact." Journal of Industrial Textiles 47, no. 5 (August 31, 2016): 622–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1528083716667258.
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This study characterizes the thermal protective fabrics of firefighters’ clothing under the exposure of hot surface contact. For this, thermal protective performance of different fabrics was evaluated using a laboratory-simulated hot surface contact test, and various factors affecting the performance were statistically identified. Additionally, heat transfer mechanisms during testing were analytically and mathematically modeled. It has been found that fabric’s constructional features and properties are the key factors to affect its thermal protective performance. In this study, the presence of a thicker thermal liner in a layered fabric system resulted in higher performance; in contrast, a multi-layered fabric system incorporating a moisture barrier in its outer layer displayed the lowest performance. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that a fabric’s air permeability has a minimal impact on performance, whereas weight, thickness, and thermal resistance have a significant positive impact on performance. Based on the analytical and mathematical models developed, it was apparent that conductive heat transfer mainly occurs through fabric during testing, and this conductive heat transfer depends upon the surface roughness and thermal properties (thermal conductivity, density, and specific heat) of the tested fabric. Here, thermal contact resistance between the hot surface and fabric also plays a crucial role in the heat transfer or thermal protective performance of fabric. Moreover, the heat transfer gradually decreases across fabric thickness, which can substantially affect thermal protective performance. This study can advance the theory of textile/materials science through better understanding of heat transfer in fabrics. This understanding can help in developing an integrated knowledge of fabric properties, heat transfer through fabrics, and thermal protective performance of fabrics. The findings from this study can also assist textile/material engineers with the development of a high performance thermal protective fabric for clothing to provide better occupational safety and health for firefighters.
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Malinar, Rajna, Sandra Flinčec Grgac, and Drago Katović. "Textile particle generation: test method for nonwovens modified for use on woven materials." Textile Research Journal 90, no. 19-20 (March 31, 2020): 2284–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517520915840.
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Considering that textile dust can cause many problems in specific environments, there is a need for low particle release textiles. Usually this means using disposable textiles, but in an effort to reduce the amount of waste that such products generate, the aim of our research was to investigate possibilities of using multiple-use fabrics as an alternative. For the purposes of this study, a standard method for testing particle release from nonwovens had to be adapted in order to acquire reliable data on testing woven fabrics. Statistical analysis showed considerably more precise results after prolongation of testing time from 5 min (standardized) to 30 min (modified). Examination of particle release from cotton fabric after multiple washing and drying cycles showed increase in smaller particles count (<1 µm) but also decrease of larger particles (>5 µm) after 10 cycles.
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Wang, Xiao Chun, Ran Wang, and Cai Jun Chen. "Application of Cone Calorimeter on the Flammability Testing of Textiles." Advanced Materials Research 332-334 (September 2011): 1959–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.332-334.1959.
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In the present work, cone calorimetric technique has been widely used to study the flammability of polymer. But there are few reports about the cone calorimetric technique exploited for textile. The flammability of cotton fabrics selected in this study was tested by cone calorimeter. The factors, such as fabric layers, heat flux, whether subjoining grid, were discussed and the repeatability of cone calorimetric data was analyzed. In addition, Attempts had been made to establish the suitable methods for measuring the flammability of textiles by cone calorimeter.
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Mominul Alam, Shaikh Md, Md Golam Kibria, and Shariful Islam. "Investigation of the basic properties of car seat fabrics applied in automotive textiles." Journal of Textile Engineering & Fashion Technology 7, no. 3 (May 17, 2021): 92–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/jteft.2021.07.00273.
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The aim of this paper is to investigate the basic properties of car seat fabrics applied in automotive textiles. Three types of textile materials namely velvet, flock and flat woven fabrics were used in this research for investigation. These three types of fabrics are available in private cars and also cost effective in local market. Polyester fabrics were used as base fabric along with all these velvet, flock and flat woven fabrics. Polyester fabrics are stronger those provide strength to the seat fabrics where velvet and flock fabrics provide comfort to the passengers. These textile fibers have also very good comfort properties. Different types of experiments namely fiber identification, strength test, color fastness test, abrasion resistant test and bending test were carried out in accordance with the test method provided by ISO standard. Microscopic views were also taken for assessment. Color fastness properties were also investigated to know the best color values. Grey scale test method for color property testing was used for all types of color fastness tests. This research is practice based and the findings are important for the personnel employed in automotive industries and to controlling of their properties. Further research can be conducted and commercial production may be beneficial by virtue of this research.
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Wortmann, Martin, Natalie Frese, Lubos Hes, Armin Gölzhäuser, Elmar Moritzer, and Andrea Ehrmann. "Improved abrasion resistance of textile fabrics due to polymer coatings." Journal of Industrial Textiles 49, no. 5 (July 30, 2018): 572–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1528083718792655.
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Textile fabrics are often subject to abrasion, starting from exposed parts of garments to a variety of technical textiles. Abrasion protection by usual coatings, however, can significantly decrease the water vapor transport through a fabric which is often not desired, especially in the case of garments. In our paper, we report on an approach to combine increased abrasion resistance with sufficient water vapor transport properties. For this, different polymers (poly(methyl methacrylate), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, or amorphous polyamides) were coated on cotton and polyester woven fabrics. The results of abrasion tests against sandpaper show significantly increased abrasion resistance. The absolute evaporation resistance, measured by a Permetest testing device, was only slightly increased up to values still acceptable for typical garments. Images of all coatings by helium ion microscopy deliver an explanation for the measuring results. Polymer coatings on the polyester fabric resulted in a slight reduction of the hydrophobicity, while coating the cotton fabric severely increased the contact angles of the originally superhydrophilic material.
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Luan, Kun, Andre J. West, Marian G. McCord, Emiel A. DenHartog, Quan Shi, Isa Bettermann, Jiayin Li, et al. "Mosquito-Textile Physics: A Mathematical Roadmap to Insecticide-Free, Bite-Proof Clothing for Everyday Life." Insects 12, no. 7 (July 13, 2021): 636. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects12070636.
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Garments treated with chemical insecticides are commonly used to prevent mosquito bites. Resistance to insecticides, however, is threatening the efficacy of this technology, and people are increasingly concerned about the potential health impacts of wearing insecticide-treated clothing. Here, we report a mathematical model for fabric barriers that resist bites from Aedes aegypti mosquitoes based on textile physical structure and no insecticides. The model was derived from mosquito morphometrics and analysis of mosquito biting behavior. Woven filter fabrics, precision polypropylene plates, and knitted fabrics were used for model validation. Then, based on the model predictions, prototype knitted textiles and garments were developed that prevented mosquito biting, and comfort testing showed the garments to possess superior thermophysiological properties. Our fabrics provided a three-times greater bite resistance than the insecticide-treated cloth. Our predictive model can be used to develop additional textiles in the future for garments that are highly bite resistant to mosquitoes.
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Siddiqui, Muhammad Owais Raza, and Danmei Sun. "Development of Experimental Setup for Measuring the Thermal Conductivity of Textiles." Clothing and Textiles Research Journal 36, no. 3 (April 10, 2018): 215–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0887302x18768041.
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The thermophysical properties of textile materials are very important in helping to understand the thermal comfort of fabrics for clothing and technical textiles. An experimental setup for the measurement of the thermal conductivity of fabrics was developed based on the heat flow meter principle. The setup was considered highly accurate and reliable based on the low absolute error, high correlation coefficient, and the coefficient of determination between the results from the setup and commercially available devices. The setup is easy to use for testing any textile-based materials and their composites.
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SALISTEAN, Adrian, Carmen MIHAI, Irina CRISTIAN, Daniela FARIMA, and Cristina PIROI. "FABRIC FOR SINGLE SKIN TEXTILE WING." TEXTEH Proceedings 2019 (November 5, 2019): 220–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.35530/tt.2019.09.
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The fabrics used to make parachutes and paragliders must have the several specific characteristics: the mass of fabric per unit of surface must be low while the other physical- mechanical characteristics (the axial breaking strength load, the relative and absolute elongation, the tear resistance of the fabric and the assemblies, air permeability) must be at a maximum. The paper deals with the analysis of qualitative aspects of several parachute fabrics that are used as a baseline in the development of a novel fabric. The results of experiments have materialized in statistical data, diagrams and graphs and their interpretation leads to the determination of the fabric variant that best meets the requirements of the destination. The destination is a patent pending inflatable wing design that utilizes a single skin construction and solid reinforcements in the sewing for shape stability. It is worth noting that the experimental results were compared with values indicated in specific international testing norms.
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Gregory, Shawn Alan, Keshav Swarup, Christopher Lo, Ryan Dwyer, Michael Davidson, Timothy Monroe, Colten Spivey, and Mary Lynn Realff. "Understanding thermomechanical failure of athletic textiles via the pendulum skid method." Textile Research Journal 89, no. 10 (June 11, 2018): 1825–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517518779994.
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Fiber textiles worn by some athletes and basketball and volleyball players experience higher than usual thermomechanical stresses compared to everyday garments because these athletes slide and dive on hardwood courts. Common textile testing procedures, such as the Martindale abrasion tester, effectively test textiles under modest loads and thousands of cycles, but this methodology does not suffice for athletic textiles. In addition, there is not a robust model nor a repeatable test that mimics high thermomechanical stress on fabrics and provides insights on fabric abrasion resistance. We present a model to calculate the temperatures and strain rates that are seen by fabrics undergoing thermomechanical deformation. To enable validation of the model, a fabric pendulum abrasion tester, an adaptation of the Cooper pendulum skid tester, was developed. The tester characterizes high-strain fabric abrasion deformation. This adaptation is statistically reliable and induces repeatable and realistic fabric failure within tens to hundreds of cycles, proving to be analogous to the loads athletes place on their textiles. Analog electronics on the pendulum abrasion tester generate real-time temperature and velocity profiles. A series of 11 unique athletic fabrics were abrasion tested, and it was found that fabrics with macroporosity experience the largest abrasion degradation. Significant degradation sites were further explored using scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis, and it was shown that thermomechanical loading’s effect on fiber microstructure is a function of the fabric construction. This novel abrasion tester and quantitative relationships between fabric structure and degradation mechanisms will enable more data-driven decisions when designing textiles for thermomechanical loads.
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SĂLIȘTEAN, ADRIAN, and CARMEN MIHAI. "Textile wing fabric for emergency response UAS." Industria Textila 71, no. 04 (August 31, 2020): 321–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.35530/it.071.04.1762.
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The fabrics used to manufacture parachutes and paragliders must have several specific characteristics: the mass of fabric per unit of surface must be low while the other physical-mechanical characteristics (the axial breaking strength load, the relative and absolute elongation, the tear resistance of the fabric and the assemblies, air permeability) must have high values. The paper deals with the analysis of qualitative aspects of several parachute fabrics that are used as a baseline in the development of a novel fabric. The results of experiments have materialized in statistical data, diagrams and graphs and their interpretation leads to the determination of the fabric variant that best meets the requirements of the destination. The destination is a patent pending inflatable wing design that utilizes a single skin construction and solid reinforcements in the sewing for shape stability. It is worth noting that the experimental results were compared with values indicated in specific international testing norms.
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Mikalauskaite, Gerda, and Virginija Daukantiene. "Influence of the delamination loading velocity on textile bonds and sewn seams strength." International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology 29, no. 6 (November 6, 2017): 768–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijcst-02-2017-0012.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to determine the influence of the loading velocity on textile bonds and sewn seam strength. Design/methodology/approach Commercially produced polyamide and polyester knitted fabric, and polyester woven fabrics as well as three commercially available monolayer urethane thermoplastic films were used in this research. Two layers of each fabric were laminated at 160°C temperature at 5.6 kPa for 20 seconds. Sewn specimens were joined applying (301) and (514) stiches for woven and knitted fabrics, respectively. The bond and sewn seam strength was investigated at different delamination loading velocities (50, 100, 150, 200, 300 mm/min). These values of velocities lies in the velocity interval which covers the different standard requirements for testing of the quality of textiles and their seams or were applied in the research works of previous scientists. As the influence of loading velocity was more significant for bond strength, the bond strength results were analyzed together with the analysis of bond rupture character. Findings The determined influence of the loading velocity on textile bonds strength has proved that the loading velocity in bond strength test is of high importance for the prediction of the behavior of clothing being in exploitation under different conditions. The opposite tendency was determined for the sewn seams, the strength of which was independent on loading velocity. Originality/value The influence of the loading velocity on textile bond and sewn seam strength was not analyzed in the previous research works published by other scientists. It was known that the standard velocity is 50 mm/min for seams and 100 mm/min for textiles strength testing. It was shown there that the real exploitation of a garment as a whole complicated heterogenic dynamic system could be simulated with changing loading velocities during their seam strength testing. It was also determined that the loading velocity makes different influence on bonded and sewn seams of textiles.
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Chen, Fu Ming, Ge Wang, Ze Hui Jiang, Hai Tao Cheng, Xiao Meng Chen, Zi Xuan Yu, and Wen Fu Zhang. "A Novel 3-D Testing System for the Mechanical Properties of Fiber Fabrics and Textile Composites." Advanced Materials Research 332-334 (September 2011): 1206–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.332-334.1206.
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To evaluate the mechanical properties of natural fiber fabrics with the characteristic of interweaving between warp and weft direction as well as textile structural composites under complex stress state, it is essential to develop experimental techniques to realize multi-axial testing for large deformation. This work proposes a novel testing device for investigating fiber fabrics and textile composites under multidimensional loads. Accuracy of the system is comparable to the testing diagnostics of the Instron 5808 previously. The homogeneity for different types of cruciforms and different biaxial tensile speeds were investigated. The effects of different loading methods, biaxial (X and Y), and 3-D loading (X, Y, and Z) on the breaking strength of the woven ramie fabric were presented. The displacement-field and shear field for composites with hole were characterized by the digital speckle correlation method.
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Cilveli, Gülçin, Ayşe Okur, and Vildan Sülar. "Electrostatic Properties of Clothing Fabrics Suitable for Different End-Uses." Fibres and Textiles in Eastern Europe 28, no. 1(139) (February 29, 2020): 50–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.5858.
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The static electricity properties of textile products are very important, especially when clothing comfort is the main subject. In this study, four sets of clothing fabrics containing 33 systematic and 18 non-systematic woven fabrics in total were used in order to examine the electrostatic charging properties. A testing mechanism which provides static electricity by the triboelectrification method was manufactured, and electrostatic voltage values occurring on the fabric samples were measured by an electrostatic voltmeter simultaneously with the testing mechanism. The repeatability of the results was checked by using polyester and cotton systematic woven fabrics. After this stage, the effects of fabric structural parameters and the rubbing period on electrostatic charging properties were evaluated. Moreover, non-systematic commercial woven fabrics were also tested in the study. In the last section of the experimental part, the best clothing and lining fabric combinations were revealed according to the lowest static electricity results.
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Yao, Bao Guo, Jian Chao Wang, and Shui Yuan Hong. "Measurement Device and System for Temperature Regulation Properties Evaluation of Textile Fabrics." Applied Mechanics and Materials 475-476 (December 2013): 120–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.475-476.120.
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A new measurement system and the testing device was developed to characterize the temperature regulation properties of textile fabrics based on the mechanical device, microelectronics, sensors and control system. A series of indices were defined based on the typical heat flow-time curve and the raw data to characterize the temperature regulation performance of textile fabrics. The measurement principle, the mechanical device and the evaluation method for the temperature regulation properties of textile fabrics were introduced. Twelve types of fabrics made from different textile materials were tested. The one-way ANOVA analysis was conducted to identify the significance of the differences of the indices among the fabrics. The results show that each index is significantly different (P<0.05) among the different sample fabrics.
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Hering, Marcus, and Manfred Curbach. "A new testing method for textile reinforced concrete under impact load." MATEC Web of Conferences 199 (2018): 11010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819911010.
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Textile reinforced concrete, especially textile reinforced concrete with carbon fibres, was already been used for strengthening steel reinforced concrete structures under static loads up to now. The question is if the composite can also be used for strengthening structures against impact loads. The main goal of a current research project at the Technische Universität Dresden is the development and characterization of a reinforcement fabric with optimized impact resistance. But there is a challenge. There is the need to find the best combination of fibre material (glass, carbon, steel, basalt, …) and reinforcement structure (short fibres, 2D-fabrics, 3D-fabrics, …), but testing the large number of possible combinations is not possible with the established methods. In general, large-scale tests are necessary which are very expensive and time consuming. Therefore, a new testing method has been developed to deal with this large number of possible combinations of material and structural experiments. The following paper describes this new testing method to find the best fabric reinforcement for strengthening reinforced concrete structures against impact loads. The testing devise, which is located in the drop tower facility at the Otto Mohr Laboratory, and the test set-up are illustrated and described. The measurement equipment and the methods to evaluate the experimental results are explained in detail.
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Sáenz-Pérez, Míriam, Tariq Bashir, José Manuel Laza, Jorge García-Barrasa, José Luis Vilas, Mikael Skrifvars, and Luis Manuel León. "Novel shape-memory polyurethane fibers for textile applications." Textile Research Journal 89, no. 6 (February 28, 2018): 1027–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517518760756.
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In this work, thermoresponsive shape-memory polyurethane (SMPU) fibers were produced by melt spinning from different SMPU pellets. Afterwards, the knitted fabric samples were prepared by the obtained fibers. Some of the SMPUs used were synthesized previously in our laboratory whereas a commercial one, named DIAPLEX MM4520, was also evaluated in order to carry out comparative studies. All the SMPUs were characterized by different techniques, such as thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, dynamic mechanical analysis and tensile testing. Moreover, the shape-memory capabilities of the fabrics were measured by thermo-mechanical analysis. The obtained results show that the synthesized SMPUs could be attractive candidates for potential applications such as breathable fabrics or moisture-management textiles.
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Ni, Hong, and Rui Fan. "Study on Relationship between Mechanical Properties and Seam Smoothness Worsted Fabric." Advanced Materials Research 175-176 (January 2011): 999–1004. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.175-176.999.
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The instability of seam smoothness for worsted fabric is always a big problem in suit industry. With substantial development and application of new worsted fabric as well as the comprehensive application of various fiber materials，it is difficult to control seam smoothness of suit, creating the quality of suite to descend and adversely affecting the brand development in suit industry. The purpose of this paper is, therefore, intending to study the relationship between worsted fabric mechanical properties and garment seam smoothness grade as well as the effect of environmental air temperature and humidity conditions on smoothness of seam sample, by selecting several pieces of worsted fabrics and testing their mechanical properties through FAST. The goal of this paper is to facilitate textile and garment enterprises to improve their own textile process and finishing as well as the sewability of worsted fabrics.
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Sirková, Brigita Kolčavová, and Eva Moučková. "Analysis Possibilities of Controlled Transport of Moisture in Woven Fabrics." Autex Research Journal 18, no. 4 (December 1, 2018): 385–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aut-2018-0008.
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Abstract The article is focused on testing of selected properties of linear and planar textiles from modified cotton yarns. In this article, the influence of woven fabric construction on wettability and possibilities of detection of moisture in the woven fabric is analyzed. Improving the physiological and hygienic properties for woven fabrics can be achieved with a specially designed textile structure in combination with a permanent surface finish of sub-set of yarns. Inserting of hydrophilic and hydrophobic set of threads in the woven structure makes possible controlled water transport. Controlled transport of water ensures good clothing comfort. Using such woven fabric, accumulation of water on the skin does not occur during the process of thermoregulation of the human body. The properties and behavior of the designed fabric will be determined by surface finishing of the warp and weft yarns (sub-set of yarns), which are supporting elements of the fabric.
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Easson, Michael W., Jacobs Harris Jordan, SeChin Chang, John M. Bland, and Brian Douglas Condon. "Investigation of bisphenol-substituted spirocyclic phosphazenes as cotton textile–based flame retardants." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 15 (January 2020): 155892502092088. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1558925020920887.
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Bisphenol-substituted spirocyclic phosphazene derivatives were synthesized in 85%–94% yields and analyzed for flame retardant application to cotton fabric using Limiting Oxygen Index, Fourier transform infrared thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, microscale combustion calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. The thermogravimetric analysis methods indicate a decomposition pathway consistent for phosphorus-nitrogen-containing compounds. Levoglucosan phosphorylation and carbonaceous char formation were observed. Limiting Oxygen Index testing of these compounds on cotton-based fabrics showed improved flame resistance compared to untreated fabrics.
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Wang, Chaolong, Jiashuang Luan, Zhiping Xu, Wenyan Zhao, and Mei Zhang. "Preparation and properties of a novel, high-performance polyether ether ketone fabric." High Performance Polymers 30, no. 7 (September 20, 2017): 794–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954008317731135.
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In this study, polyether ether ketone (PEEK) fibers were produced by melt spinning method and woven to form fabrics. Several characterization tests were conducted with fiber tensile testing machine, scanning electron microscope, and differential scanning calorimeter to investigate the basic properties of PEEK fibers. Electric fabric strength, thermal performance, and corrosion resistance of PEEK fabric were also investigated. The commercial samples of NomexIIIA (imported) and Aramid1313 fabrics (made in China) were selected as control groups to evaluate the performance of developed fabrics. The results indicate that the PEEK fabrics have higher breaking strength, better corrosion resistance, and greater thermal stability than the other two commercial fabrics in the control group. The total friction of the PEEK fabric reached 30,000 times when two separate yarns in fabric were broken completely, and the breaking strength was in the range of 830–1422 N. The surface of PEEK fibers remained smooth, and there was no deformation after handling by 30% sodium hydroxide and 36% hydrochloric acid for 48 h; additionally, there was no weight loss. The melting point of PEEK fabric was 342.89°C, and it lost 5% of its weight at 574°C. The research shows that as a novel high-performance textile, PEEK fabrics with a long service temperature of 260°C have significant advantages in the improvement of corrosion resistance and mechanical properties of textiles, especially enhancing the stability under high-concentration alkaline environment. This work can provide novel avenues for the development of high-performance fibers and products with applications in special harsh environments.
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Jeyaraj, Pandia Rajan, and Edward Rajan Samuel Nadar. "Effective textile quality processing and an accurate inspection system using the advanced deep learning technique." Textile Research Journal 90, no. 9-10 (October 23, 2019): 971–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517519884124.
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This research paper focuses on the innovative detection of defects in fabric. This approach is based on the design and development of a computer-assisted system using the deep learning technique. The classification network is modeled using the ResNet512-based Convolutional Neural Network to learn the deep features in the presented fabric. Being an accurate method, this enables accurate localization of minute defects too. Our classification is based on three major steps; firstly, an image acquired by the NI Vision model and pre-processed for a standard pattern to Kullback Leibler Divergence calculation. Secondly, standard textile fabrics are presented to train the Convolutional Neural Network to classify the defective region and the defect-free region. Finally, the testing fabrics are examined by the trained deep Convolutional Neural Network algorithm. To verify the performance, multiple fabrics are presented and the classification accuracy is evaluated. For standard defects on defective fabrics, an average accuracy of 96.5% with 98.5% precision is obtained. Experimental results on the standard Textile Texture Database dataset confirmed that our method provides better results compared with similar recent classification methods, such as the Support Vector Machine and Bayesian classifier.
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Krishnappa, Likith, Jan-Hendrik Ohlendorf, Michael Brink, and Klaus-Dieter Thoben. "Investigating the factors influencing the shear behaviour of 0/90∘ non-crimp fabrics to form a reference shear test." Journal of Composite Materials 55, no. 20 (February 23, 2021): 2739–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998321991625.
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Technical textiles have the ability to deform under load by shearing, which distinguishes them from thin sheet materials such as paper. This particular property helps them to deform and take the shape of the complex part that they were intended to create. Draping, flexibility and handling of technical textiles are greatly affected by their shearing behaviour. In this paper, the influence that factors such as stitch (i.e., presence or absence of it), testing speed and the pre-tension force applied have on the shear behaviour of 0/90∘ technical textile is studied to form a reference test. To achieve this, 0/90∘ technical textile samples in two different forms are prepared and subjected to the Trellis picture frame test. It was observed that the presence of stitch greatly affected the critical shear angle and the maximum shear force experienced by the textile. Increase in testing speeds and pre-tension force also increased the shear force experienced by it. However, the critical shear angle decreased with the increase in testing speed, while the value of pre-tension force applied had no effect on the critical shear angle.
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Li, Hui Qin, Ji Xian Gong, Jian Fei Zhang, Chang Lei Wang, and Zhen Tian. "Sensing Textile Fibers by THz Time-Domain Spectroscopy." Advanced Materials Research 298 (July 2011): 153–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.298.153.
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Along with the booming development of multi-component blending fabrics, the accurate detection of component of fabrics has become a major goal in textile testing. Terahertz sensing technology provides a new way for detecting the materials. THz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) is a novel spectroscopic technique which measures the electric field of the radiation through a sample and provides the phase and amplitude changes of the radiation, which can provide information unavailable through conventional methods such as microwave and X-ray techniques. In this investigation, THz-TDS technology was introduced into the textile differentiation. Three kinds of cellulose textile fibers, cotton fiber, bamboo fiber and viscose fiber, were prepared as the sample and detected by THz-TDS at room temperature in the absence of vapor. The temporal and frequency signals of the fibers were obtained. In the THz absorption spectrum, the characteristic absorption peaks of textile fibers in THz wave band were found, which can be used to recognize the fibers. This approach provides a novel non-contact examine method for fiber identification in complicated textiles.
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IMOTO, YASUO, SATOSHI SEINO, TAKASHI NAKAGAWA, and TAKAO A. YAMAMOTO. "Comparison of Quantitative Antifungal Testing Methods for Textile Fabrics." Biocontrol Science 22, no. 1 (2017): 47–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4265/bio.22.47.
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Et. al., Dr Suneeta,. "Ecofriendly Antimicrobial Dyeing for Cotton Fabric Using Natural Extract of Marigold." Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) 12, no. 2 (April 10, 2021): 957–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i2.1106.
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The main drawback with microorganism's development on fabrics is associated with the maintenance of hygiene and fabric deterioration. In this present investigation a trial has been made to produce an attractive and vibrant textile with eco-friendly antimicrobial dyeing by marigold, a natural resource. Tagetes erecta universally recognized as Marigold is a remarkable source of carotenoids and lutein, grown as a lawn plant. Now a day, lutein is exploding into an indubitably predominant active fitting, employed as an element of the Drugs, Nutrients and Textile Industry. The prospective application of marigold as a characteristic of antimicrobial activity has not been accustomed fully. It is due to the lack of knowledge about its ability and resemblance in material manner. In this work, we have concentrated on the analysis, which was led to deliberate the use of distillate isolate of marigold as an antimicrobial. The antimicrobial competence of the extract was evaluated by coloring on cotton textiles. Testing of the dye ability, its wash quickness and light fastness was done. Educations have validated that antimicrobial coatings have not affected by laundering and shown enhanced colouring effect comprising of fastness to washing, perspiration and rubbing than conservatively dyed textiles. It revealed that the essence of Marigold flower is habitually employed for cotton fabrics as an antimicrobial finish. The samples show very encouraging ends up in terms of antimicrobial resistivity.
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Mandal, Sumit, and Guowen Song. "Characterizing Steam Penetration through Thermal Protective Fabric Materials." Textiles 2, no. 1 (January 3, 2022): 16–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/textiles2010002.
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This study performs an analysis of steam penetration through thermal protective fabric materials. Different, multilayered thermal protective fabrics were selected and tested in a laboratory-simulated steam exposure, and their steam protective performance (SPP) was measured in terms of the time required to generate second-degree burns on the bodies of wearers. Additionally, the total transmitted thermal energy (TTTE) through the fabrics during testing was measured. Through statistical analysis, it was established that fabric properties, namely air permeability and thickness, are the key factors that affect the SPP and TTTE; the relationship among the fabric properties, SPP, and TTTE is also summarized. Theoretically, it has been found that heat and mass (steam) transfer occur through fabrics in the course of steam exposure, which mainly affect the SPP and TTTE. This study could help textile/materials engineers to develop high performance thermal protective fabrics for the increased occupational health and safety of firefighters and industrial workers.
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Stasheva, M. A., T. N. Novosad, N. V. Yevseyeva, and B. N. Gusev. "TESTING OF KNITTED FABRICS TO CONFIRM COMPLIANCE." Technologies & Quality, no. 1 (2020): 22–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.34216/2587-6147-2020-1-47-22-25.
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One of the reasons for the low demand for domestic textile fabrics is the incomplete satisfaction of consumers' requirements with regard to the quality and price of products, as well as the insufficient use of the Russian certification system as a source of reliable information (advertising) of quality as a set of consumer properties and safety of manufactured products. The paper tests cotton knitted fabrics with various attachments of synthetic fibers and provides recommendations for choosing a rational scheme for their certification in order to use them for the production of various layers of garments.
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Kocic, Ana, Dusan Popovic, Snezana Stankovic, and Goran Poparic. "Influence of yarn folding on UV protection properties of hemp knitted fabrics." Chemical Industry 70, no. 3 (2016): 319–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind141126036k.
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In the last years the media have highlighted the damage of the ozone layer and the resulting increase of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) reaching the earth?s surface. Prolonged and repeated, both occupational and recreational, sun exposure of the population causes some detrimental effects. Clothing is considered to be one of the most important tools for UV protection. It is generally accepted that synthetic fibres provide a high UV protection capability of textiles, while cellulose fibres (cotton, linen, hemp, viscose) have a low UV absorption capacity. However, natural pigments, pectin and waxes in natural cellulose fibers, and lignin in hemp fibers, act as UV absorbers having a favorable effect on UPF of grey-state fabrics. Bearing in mind the trend of reintroduction of hemp fibers as a source of eco-friendly textiles, there is a serious lack of study about the potential of hemp materials in terms of UV protection. Folded yarn is a complex yarn composed of two or more component yarns arranged parallel and twisted together to make a ?new quality? yarn. Folding of yarns is an operation undertaken in order to modify single-yarn properties to an appreciable degree. There are very few investigations concerning the relationship between the yarn properties and UV protection effectiveness of the fabric made there from. In addition, there is no any result in the scientific literature about the influence of yarn folding on UV protection properties of textile materials. Having this in mind, for our research the idea was to evaluate the effect of yarn folding in this regard. The plain knitted fabrics composed of single or two-folded hemp yarn were compared in terms of UV protection properties. The Ultraviolet Protection Factor (UPF), as the quantitative measurement of the material effectiveness to protect the human skin against UVR, was determined for the textile materials by in vitro test method according to the European standard EN 13758. The knitted fabrics construction and physical properties were also determined. Bearing in mind that plain knitted fabrics are particularly susceptible to relaxation, they were subjected to relaxation and shrinkage by wetting process, and testing procedure was repeated on the water-treated samples. The results obtained indicated that the folding operation influences UV protection properties of knitted fabrics through an influence on a loop configuration, i.e. the fabric openness. Relaxation and shrinkage of the knitted fabrics due to wet relaxation caused the reduction of macro-porosity increasing the UPF of the knitted fabrics. Although the knitted fabric produced from single hemp yarn was characterized by higher UPF, the UVR transmittance of the folded hemp yarn knitted fabric after wet relaxation placed it in the ?excellent UV protection category? (according to European Standard EN 13758-2). This fact together with the better thermal comfort manifested itself in higher air permeability, confirmed the potential of folding operation in terms of UV protection properties of textile materials.
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Yang, Cheng, Phuong Tran, Tuan Ngo, Priyan Mendis, and William Humphries. "Effect of Textile Architecture on Energy Absorption of Woven Fabrics Subjected to Ballistic Impact." Applied Mechanics and Materials 553 (May 2014): 757–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.553.757.
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Woven fabrics are widely used in various protective applications. The effects of different woven architectures (such as plain, basket, twill and satin) on impact resistance performance have not been adequately studied. In this work, high-speed impact testing on single layer plain weave structures has been carried out using a gas gun experimental setup. Ballistic resistance performance of the woven fabric is evaluated based on the resultant velocity of the projectile, as well as the post-mortem failure analysis. Finite element computational models are presented in this research, thereby providing predictive capability for the manufacturer and designer in order to minimise field testing, as well as shedding light on to the damage mechanisms of composite fabrics subjected to ballistic impact. The numerical model is validated with the experimental results in terms of dissipated energy and resultant velocity. Numerical investigation is conducted on other woven structures of identical areal density for comparison, revealing the importance of fabric architecture. The influences of yarn-yarn and yarn-projectile friction properties on the ballistic performance of various textile structures are also presented.
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Troynikov, Olga, Nazia Nawaz, and Chris Watson. "Durability of vapor-permeable waterproof textile materials used in sailing protective apparel." Textile Research Journal 88, no. 24 (September 20, 2017): 2825–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517517732079.
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Vapor-permeable waterproof textiles (VPWTs) are used in sailing apparel to protect wearers from weather and water exposure. They must also withstand knocks and abrasion. Failure of fabric waterproofing results in water intrusion, reduced thermal protection and potentially hypothermia. There are no standard methods for testing the waterproof durability of fabrics in these conditions. To evaluate waterproofing durability, we simulated high levels of wear on leading commercially available VPWT assemblies through mechanical treatment in wet conditions. To compare fabrics on multiple performance characteristics, we developed a Total Durability Penalty index associated with leaks and ruptures, weighted by failure pressure. The experiment revealed significant differences in VPWT deterioration under mechanical treatment. We determined that the mass per unit area and thickness of VPWT fabrics are positively correlated with pressure at leakage; that rupture is significantly and negatively associated with the mass per unit area and thickness of the inner and outer layers of fabric; and leakage pressure is positively correlated with the same parameters. These results show that it is important to consider wear conditions when assessing the long-term performance attributes of protective clothing assemblies.
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Messiry, Magdi El, and Abir Mohamed. "New Flex Fatigue Tester for Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composite." Key Engineering Materials 803 (May 2019): 71–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.803.71.
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Textile materials are widely used in the industrial textiles. The yarn and fabric fatigue are not easily prearranged hence, in most cases the apparatuses used for applying cyclic loading under flex fatigue conditions will affect only one section of the yarn and fabric and the results will depend on the level of heterogeneity of the tested material. The common methods of flex fatigue testing are to pull the tested specimen, hold under tension, backward and forward over a fixed roller or grip one end of the specimen while its free end is bent so, the specimen element is alternated between straight and bent form. The new suggested principle is the fixation of the yarns or fabrics in the internal part of rubber tire wheel and pressing it by the pressure of internal rubber tube with the external wheel under predetermined load to give the required bending deformation on the specimen. The theoretical calculation of the design indicates that the testing specimen is subjected to pure bending. In this work, a setup was built up and several types of the technical yarns, fabrics, as well as flexible composites, were tested.it was proves the degradations of the material under the flex fatigue. .
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Singh, Gagandeep, James Beddow, Christopher Mee, Lidia Maryniak, Eadaoin M. Joyce, and Timothy J. Mason. "Cytotoxicity Study of Textile Fabrics Impregnated With CuO Nanoparticles in Mammalian Cells." International Journal of Toxicology 36, no. 6 (November 2017): 478–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1091581817736712.
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Copper and copper compounds have multifunctional properties (antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal) with promising applications. Copper in its nanoparticle (Cu NPs) forms has been widely used in various industrial and commercial applications. In the current research, the cytotoxic effects of textile fabrics impregnated with copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) were studied in mammalian cell lines. CuO NPs were impregnated onto textile substrates using 2 different techniques: the sonochemical generation and impregnation of NPs from metal complexes ( insitu) and a “throwing the stones” technology using commercially prepared CuO NPs. The cytotoxicity of these 2 textile fabric types was assayed on human dermal fibroblast (HDF) cells and human hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2) and was evaluated by indirect contact using an MTT assay. The impregnated fabrics were not exposed to the cells, rather their leachates were used to test cytotoxicity. The fabrics were soaked into the growth media for up to 7 days, and the leachates from day 1 and day 7 were incubated with the cell lines for 24 hours prior to the testing. The discharge or leaching from antimicrobial nanomaterials into the surroundings and surface waters is posing a serious environmental threat, which needs to be addressed. Hence, with regard to product safety, it is a good approach to study the fabric leachates rather than the intact material. The results showed that CuO NPs are not toxic to HDF cells. However, cytotoxicity was seen in HepG2 cells with cell viability decreasing by 20% to 25% for all the fabrics after 24 hours.
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Palomino Agurto, Mardonio E., Sarath M. Vega Gutierrez, R. C. Van Court, Hsiou-Lien Chen, and Seri C. Robinson. "Oil-Based Fungal Pigment from Scytalidium cuboideum as a Textile Dye." Journal of Fungi 6, no. 2 (April 22, 2020): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof6020053.
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Identification of effective natural dyes with the potential for low environmental impact has been a recent focus of the textile industry. Pigments derived from spalting fungi have previously shown promise as textile dyes; however, their use has required numerous organic solvents with human health implications. This research explored the possibility of using linseed oil as a carrier for the pigment from Scytalidium cuboideum as a textile dye. Colored linseed oil effectively dyed a range of fabrics, with natural fibers showing better coloration. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed a pigment film over the fabric surface. While mechanical testing showed no strength loss in treated fabric, colorfastness tests showed significant changes in color in response to laundering and bleach exposure with variable effects across fabric varieties. SEM investigation confirmed differences in pigmented oil layer loss and showed variation in pigment crystal formation between fabric varieties. Heating of the pigmented oil layer was found to result in a bright, shiny fabric surface, which may have potential for naturally weatherproof garments.
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Medeiros, Jose Ivan, and Raul Fangueiro. "Analysis and Evaluation of Shape Memory Alloy Wires Behaviour in Weft-Knitted Fabrics." Materials Science Forum 730-732 (November 2012): 709–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.730-732.709.
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It is widely acknowledged within the textile engineering community that Shape Memory Alloys (SMA), exhibit great potential for several applications. This paper presents the research undertaken at the University of Minho aiming to study the behaviour of weft-knitted fabrics produced with SMA nitinol® wires. SMA nitinol® wires of type B (which shows shape memory effect at body temperature) of 50, 127 and 210 µm diameters have been used to produce weft-knitted fabrics with different loop types, e.g. stitch, tuck and miss. The influence of the loop type on the performance of the weft-knitted fabric, in terms of energy absorption, has been analyzed. Tensile tests were carried out according to ISO1462 standard, using a H100KS Hounsfield universal testing instrument. The results aim to help future applications of SMA in the development of new textile materials.
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Sun, Yi, Mingyue Zhang, Gui Liu, and Zhaoqun Du. "Measurement of fabric handle characteristics based on the Quick-Intelligent Handle Evaluation System for Fabrics (QIHES-F)." Textile Research Journal 89, no. 16 (November 15, 2018): 3374–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517518811947.
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A quick-intelligent handle evaluation system for fabrics (QIHES-F) was developed to evaluate tactile perceptions of fabric by measuring thickness and multiple mechanical properties of fabrics via a single testing process. The main aim dealt with in this study was to establish optimal and suitable regression models by a stepwise regression method based on the QIHES-F and human sensations of fabrics, thereby estimating total handle values effectively. Subjective evaluation by American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists EP5-2007 and objective tests by QIHES-F of a wide range of 50 fabrics were conducted, to predict fabric handle from four primary handle characteristics and total handle values. Five prediction models corresponding to the fullness, stiffness, roughness, tightness and total handle of fabrics were built based on featured indexes to analyze the relationship between the subjective handle and experimental curve parameters. The indexes were featured from the force-displacement curves of QIHES-F. The results show that these featured indexes can be treated as indicators to characterize fabric properties, and that the five corresponding prediction models can predict handle characteristics of fabrics reliably, as the Pearson’s coefficients and adjusted coefficients are high. They indicate that QIHES-F can directly and accurately obtain fabric handle values and can evaluate the grades of fabric quality.
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Gries, Thomas, Isa Bettermann, Carolin Blaurock, Andreas Bündgens, Gözdem Dittel, Caroline Emonts, Valentine Gesché, et al. "Aachen Technology Overview of 3D Textile Materials and Recent Innovation and Applications." Applied Composite Materials 29, no. 1 (February 2022): 43–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10443-022-10011-w.
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AbstractThis paper provides an overview of the recent definition, technologies and current trends regarding 3D fabrics. In this paper a definition of 3D fabrics, including spacer fabrics, is given and the recent technologies regarding weaving, braiding, weft and warp knitting and tailored fiber placement are presented. Furthermore, an overview of the latest developments in 3D fabrics at the Institut für Textiltechnik of RWTH Aachen University is presented including: large circular 3D knitting, braided and woven structures for medical purposes, newest testing methods and equipment for spacer fabrics, multiaxial fabrics for composites, warp knitted spacer fabrics for space and construction applications, ceramic matrix composite 3D braiding and 4D textiles.
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Skrzetuska, Ewa, Adam K. Puszkarz, and Justyna Nosal. "Assessment of the Impact of the Surface Modification Processes of Cotton and Polyester Fabrics with Various Techniques on Their Structural, Biophysical, Sensory, and Mechanical Properties." Polymers 14, no. 4 (February 18, 2022): 796. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14040796.
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This article presents research on the assessment of the impact of surface modification of cotton and polyester fabrics using four techniques (flocking, layer by layer, screen printing and thermal-transfer printing) on their structural, mechanical, biophysical, and sensory properties. Depending on geometry and raw materials of the fabrics, the clothing made of them it is characterized by certain biophysical properties which are intended to protect the human body against external factors, but also against excessive sweating and overheating or cooling down. The aforementioned properties of the modified textiles were determined with: optical microscopy, microcomputed tomography, a tensile testing machine, sweating guarded-hotplate, air permeability tester, and the Kawabata evaluation system. Based on analysis of obtained results, it can be concluded that flocking reduces air permeability the most (−77% for cotton fabric and −99.7% for polyester fabric), and total hand value (−58% and −57%) and increases water vapor resistance the most (+769% and +612%) while the screen printing increases the thermal resistance the most (+119% and +156%) compared to unmodified textiles. It can be concluded that, when modifying textile substrates, the area of modification and their size on clothing products should be carefully selected so as not to adversely affect the feelings of potential wearers.
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Zhao, Yu, Le Yin, Yuksel Ikiz, Tetsuya Sato, Qiuyu Yu, Zufang Zhang, Kairong Zhu, and Qing Li. "A study on customer’s preference toward summer-shirt fabric." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 15 (January 2020): 155892502090297. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1558925020902975.
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The understanding of preferences toward fabrics is an important step of understanding consumer behavior of apparel. This article presents a work to study the preferences toward summer-shirt fabrics and their characteristics, particularly the gender impact, visual impact, and tactile impact toward the preference of fabrics are separately studied. Furthermore, the stability of the preference from different genders was investigated as well. To achieve these goals, the visual system and the tactile system were employed for testing male and female preferences of fabrics and the characteristics of fabrics. The two contributions of this work are as follows: (1) the factors which impact the preference of a fabric were figured out, and their relationship become a good reference for an apparel designer, and with them, a piece of apparel with preferred fabrics is able to be produced; and (2) the textile development regarding the visual sense and tactile sense will become more targeted and customized in favoring different customers.
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Leśnikowski, Jacek. "Effect of Cyclical Bending and Rubbing on the Characteristic Impedance of Textile Signal Lines." Materials 14, no. 20 (October 12, 2021): 6013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14206013.
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This article presents the results of tests on the resistance of new textile signal lines to bending and abrasion. The textile signal lines are one of the most important parts of the electronic system incorporated into modern smart garments. The main application of the lines presented in this article is the transmission of digital signals or high-frequency analogue signals. The tested lines were made of fabrics with sewn paths made of electro-conductive fabric. The construction of a measuring stand for testing the electric properties of textile transmission lines is shown. This article presents the effects of bending and abrasion on the resistance of electro-conductive strips, which are one of the elements of textile signal lines. The article also presents the effects of bending and abrasion on the characteristic impedance of constructed textile signal lines. Statistical analysis of the obtained results is also presented.
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Sousa Fangueiro, Raul Manuel Esteves, João Pedro Nunes, João F. Silva, Mário de Araújo, and Fernando Novais. "Development of GF/PP Towpreg Woven Fabrics for Composite Reinforcements." Materials Science Forum 514-516 (May 2006): 1551–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.514-516.1551.
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In the present work, glass fibre polypropylene (GF/PP) woven fabrics were manufactured from cost-effective flexible thermoplastic towpregs produced by a developed dry coating process. The paper describes the modifications made on the developed coating line to allow producing thermoplastic towpregs able to be woven in textile equipments. The produced fabrics were observed under optical microscopy and submitted to tests in order to evaluate their textile-like properties, glass fibre content and flexibility. Composites processed from those fabrics by compression moulding were also submitted to mechanical testing in order to assess their performance. The obtained experimental results have shown that the woven fabrics produced are cost-effective and present properties good enough to be applied in large-scale commercial markets (e.g. automotive). Future research efforts will be carried to try decreasing the towpreg frictional properties and the amount of polymer lost during the textile processing and improving the feeding technology to warp yarns directly from a creel.
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Radulescu, Ion Razvan, Lilioara Surdu, Razvan Scarlat, Catalin Constantin, Bogdana Mitu, Cristian Morari, and Marian Costea. "Modelling the Woven Structures with Inserted Conductive Yarns Coated with Magnetron Plasma and Testing Their Shielding Effectiveness." Textiles 1, no. 1 (March 24, 2021): 4–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/textiles1010002.
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The paper proposes the analytic modelling of flexible textile shields made of fabrics with inserted conductive yarns and metallic plasma coating in order to calculate their electromagnetic shielding effectiveness (EMSE). This manufacturing process is highly innovative, since copper plasma coating improves EMSE on the fabrics with inserted conductive yarns of stainless steel and silver with 10–15 dB in the frequency range of 0.1–1000 MHz, as shown by the measured EMSE values determined according to the standard ASTM ES-07 via the Transverse Electromagnetic (TEM) cell. On the other hand, modelling of EMSE for such conductive flexible shields gives an insight on estimating EMSE in the design phase of manufacturing the shield, based on its geometric and electrical parameters. An analytic model was proposed based on the sum of EMSE of the fabric with inserted conductive yarns and EMSE of the copper coating. The measurement results show close values to the proposed analytic model, especially in case of fabric with conductive yarns having stainless steel content.
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Yan, Yuxiu, Yusi Nie, Jiahong Wu, Zimin Jin, and Jianwei Tao. "Study on aerodynamic frictional drag on the surface of flexible fabric." Textile Research Journal 87, no. 11 (June 17, 2016): 1326–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517516652345.
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This paper focused on investigating impact factors and relationships of the aerodynamic frictional drag on the surface of flexible fabrics. Firstly, based on fluid dynamics, a preliminary model for aerodynamic frictional drag was defined as [Formula: see text], where P is pressure difference between both sides of the fabric, f is the air frictional drag coefficient, and v is wind speed. Wind tunnel testing was carried out on 27 groups of textile samples of varying fibers, blending ratios, and structures. Utilizing a Visual Basic program, the model was established as [Formula: see text], which was proven to be reliable by model fitting of experimental data by the least-squares theory. The air frictional drag coefficients of 27 samples were calculated accordingly. Finally, correlation analysis was made on the blending ratio, structure, and air frictional drag of nine groups of textile samples. As a result of this work, the blending ratio of fibers was found to be positively correlated with air frictional resistance on the surface of the fabric such that the higher the ratio of cotton fiber, the lower the air frictional resistance of the fabric, which was due to the fuzz irregularly distributed on the surface of the yarn that brought forward the transition point from laminar to turbulent flow. Meanwhile, the evaporation rate of the textile was also positively correlated with air frictional drag. The study could provide the basis for the development of low drag fabrics and sportswear, thus promoting athletes’ performance in competitions.
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Arquilla, Katya, Andrea Webb, and Allison Anderson. "Textile Electrocardiogram (ECG) Electrodes for Wearable Health Monitoring." Sensors 20, no. 4 (February 13, 2020): 1013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20041013.
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Wearable health-monitoring systems should be comfortable, non-stigmatizing, and able to achieve high data quality. Smart textiles with electronic elements integrated directly into fabrics offer a way to embed sensors into clothing seamlessly to serve these purposes. In this work, we demonstrate the feasibility of electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring with sewn textile electrodes instead of traditional gel electrodes in a 3-lead, chest-mounted configuration. The textile electrodes are sewn with silver-coated thread in an overlapping zig zag pattern into an inextensible fabric. Sensor validation included ECG monitoring and comfort surveys with human subjects, stretch testing, and wash cycling. The electrodes were tested with the BIOPAC MP160 ECG data acquisition module. Sensors were placed on 8 subjects (5 males and 3 females) with double-sided tape. To detect differences in R peak detectability between traditional and sewn sensors, effect size was set at 10% of a sample mean for heart rate (HR) and R-R interval. Paired student’s t-tests were run between adhesive and sewn electrode data for R-R interval and average HR, and a Wilcoxon signed-rank test was run for comfort. No statistically significant difference was found between the traditional and textile electrodes (R-R interval: t = 1.43, p > 0.1; HR: t = −0.70, p > 0.5; comfort: V = 15, p > 0.5).
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Penava, Željko, Diana Šimić Penava, and Marijana Tkalec. "Experimental Analysis of the Tensile Properties of Painting Canvas." Autex Research Journal 16, no. 4 (December 1, 2016): 182–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aut-2015-0023.
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Abstract In this paper, the practical application of uniaxial testing of painting canvas for determining its mechanical properties is presented. Painting canvases have a complex composite structure whose mechanical properties are considerably improved in relation with the initial basic material. Painting canvas or coated fabrics are obtained by applying a certain number of coatings to raw fabrics. Experimental testing and determining mechanical properties of painting canvas under tensile force at different angles in relation to the weft direction are discussed in the paper. The fabrics were tested before coating, as well as after one, two and three coatings. The values of tensile force in relation to relative extension of coated textiles were measured, as well as breaking force values, elongation at break, contraction at break, work to rupture. Based on the experimentally obtained values, modulus of elasticity, Poisson’s ratio and the level of anisotropy of the coated textile materials were calculated. The experimental results demonstrate the applicability of theoretical formulae. The number of coated layers on the raw fabric exerts a significant impact on the Poisson’s ratio. The values of breaking force, elongation at break, work to rupture and modulus of elasticity increase with an increase in the number of coated layers, and at the same time coefficient of anisotropy decrease. It has been shown that by increasing the number of coated layers in a coated material, its anisotropic properties decrease, while isotropic properties increase. With an increase in the number of coatings, the differences between experimental and theoretical values of modulus of elasticity decrease.
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Venil, Chidambaram Kulandaisamy, Palanivel Velmurugan, Laurent Dufossé, Ponnuswamy Renuka Devi, and Arumugam Veera Ravi. "Fungal Pigments: Potential Coloring Compounds for Wide Ranging Applications in Textile Dyeing." Journal of Fungi 6, no. 2 (May 20, 2020): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof6020068.
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Synthetic pigments/non-renewable coloring sources used normally in the textile industry release toxic substances into the environment, causing perilous ecological challenges. To be safer from such challenges of synthetic colorants, academia and industries have explored the use of natural colorants such as microbial pigments. Such explorations have created a fervent interest among textile stakeholders to undertake the dyeing of textile fabrics, especially with fungal pigments. The biodegradable and sustainable production of natural colorants from fungal sources stand as being comparatively advantageous to synthetic dyes. The prospective scope of fungal pigments has emerged in the opening of many new avenues in textile colorants for wide ranging applications. Applying the biotechnological processes, fungal pigments like carotenoids, melanins, flavins, phenazines, quinones, monascins, violacein, indigo, etc. could be extracted on an industrial scale. This review appraises the studies and applications of various fungal pigments in dyeing textile fabrics and is furthermore shedding light on the importance of toxicity testing, genetic manipulations of fungal pigments, and their future perspectives under biotechnological approaches.
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Du, Zhao Qun, Gang Zheng, Hua Shen, and Wei Dong Yu. "Measurement of Multiple Mechanical Properties of Fabrics in One Test." Applied Mechanics and Materials 110-116 (October 2011): 4480–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.110-116.4480.
Full textAbstract:
The compressibility, bending, weight, friction, tensile and shear properties of wool fabrics and yarns are of vital importance in the hung shape and virtual fitting of end-use textile products. A new apparatus has been developed for characterizing the above mechanical properties of wool fabrics and yarns through a single testing, and the corresponding modeling analysis for compressing, bending, weighting, friction, stretching and shearing properties were conducted and the corresponding characteristics were all measured just through one pulling out testing based on a three-point bending in principal. The compressing measurements for fabric and transversal cross-section yarn were conducted and could obtain the thickness under certain pressure and the low load and thickness curve. The bending modeling for small deflection was developed and adapted to the nonlinear relationship of bending moment and curvature, and the governing differential equation for bending rigidity was found. The weight of fabric in Gram per square meter and the linear density of yarn in Tex per unit length were both effectively and accurately calculated. The friction method was developed based on the Amonton’s Law, and the static and dynamic frictional coefficients were found. The tensile and shear properties under low stress were investigated and the corresponding characteristics, such as elastic modulus and shearing modulus, were obtained. Moreover, the fuzzy clustering analysis for handle of fabrics or yarns was utilized to classify and further verify the measured fabrics or yarns based on the mechanical properties mentioned above. Thereof, the comprehensive handle system for fabrics and yarns (briefly named CHS-FY) was necessarily self-designed and utilized to characterize the mechanical properties, which played a crucial role in quickly classifying the fabrics and yarns with different style. Meanwhile, the verifications of the comprehensive handle system for fabric and yarn was conducted, and indicated that there were in good agreement between theoretical and experimental results of mechanical properties of wool fabric and yarn, and showed that there existed high accuracy in classification with the fuzzy clustering analysis. Thereby, the comprehensive handle system for wool fabrics and yarns is effective and accurate in measuring the compressibility, bending, weight, friction, tensile and shear properties and fast classifying the handle of wool fabrics and yarns.
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Matusiak, Małgorzata. "Evaluation of the Bending Stiffness of Seersucker Woven Fabrics." Fibres and Textiles in Eastern Europe 29, no. 2(146) (April 30, 2021): 30–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.6078.
Full textAbstract:
Bending stiffness is an important property of textile materials, especially from the point of view of the utility comfort of the clothing user. The stiffness of fabrics determines their ability to create folds under the influence of gravity. At the same time, it influences the aesthetic effect of clothing usage, in particular its fitting to the user’s body. Fabric stiffness is also important from the point of view of the sensorial comfort of clothing usage. In the work presented seersucker woven fabrics of different structure were measured in the range of their stiffness. The fabrics investigated differ from each other in the aspect of the repeat of the seersucker effect and linear density of weft yarn. Measurement of bending stiffness was performed using two measurement methods: Peirce’s Method (Fabric Stiffness Tester) and an MOO3F Digital Pneumatic Stiffness Tester. On the basis of the results, an analysis was performed to assess the influence of the repeat of the seersucker effect and linear density of weft yarn on stiffness parameters determined using both methods. Results confirmed that the linear density of weft yarn and the repeat of the seersucker effect influence the bending stiffness of fabrics determined by both testing methods applied. Some problems resulting from the surface geometry of the seersucker woven fabrics were indicated and discussed.