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Ng, Chi Po. "Treatment of textile wastewater by combined photo-fenton and biological process /." View abstract or full-text, 2005. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?EVNG%202005%20NG.
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Visser, Gunnar Lieb. "Permeable reaction barrier system for the treatment of textile wastewater using cobalt oxide." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2631.
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Thesis (MEng (Chemical Engineering))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2018.Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) have gained considerable interest in the wastewater treatment industry. Low selectivity to organic pollutants and the high oxidation potentials provided by the free radicals produced from these processes are the root of this interest. Hydroxyl radical based AOPs seemed to dominate the field but recently sulphate radical based AOPs started to become more popular due to their even higher oxidation potential. The textile industry is known to be a considerable contributor to wastewater production. Many pollutants in this wastewater are organic pollutants which are very persistent to the more traditional treatment processes such as biological treatment and membrane filtration. Numerous studies have shown the potential and success of catalytic AOPs for the degradation of organic pollutants in wastewater. One such process is the use of a cobalt oxide nano-catalyst in conjunction with a peroxymonosulfate (PMS) oxidizer (Co3O4/PMS). The shortcoming with nano-catalysts however are the difficulty of recovering the catalyst in a slurry system or the effective immobilization of the catalyst in a continuous system. To address the issue of nano-catalyst immobilization, two different methods were used in the study to effectively immobilize the catalyst in a substrate. The methods were compared by utilizing the permeable reaction barriers in a continuous flow reactor. A bench scale reactor of 2.4 L/hr was designed and used to study the effect of PMS, catalyst mass and flow rate on the degradation efficiency and to determine the residence time and catalyst per PRB cross-sectional area ratio. A scale up rationale was formulated based on a constant residence time and the catalyst mass per PRB cross-sectional area ratio. Two design correlations were developed to predict the size of the permeable barrier and the catalyst mass required for the scale up PRB system. These parameters were used to design a reactor 30 times that of the bench scale reactor. In both reactors the optimum degradation occurred within 2 minutes indicating the success for catalyst immobilization and the development of a continuous reactor utilizing the Co3O4/PMS advanced oxidation technology.
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Alvares, A. Brenda C. "Ozone pretreatment to improve the biodegradation of recalcitrant textile azo dyes during wastewater treatment." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.391572.
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Unlu, Meltem. "Indigo Dyeing Wastewater Treatment By The Membrane Based Filtration Process." Master's thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12609464/index.pdf.
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In the present study, the recovery of the indigo dyeing rinsing wastewater originating from a denim textile mill to the degree of reuse quality, which generally requires nanofiltration (NF), was investigated. In order to control flux decline and hence to maintain an efficient NFcoagulation, microfiltration (MF) and sequential MF plus ultrafiltration (UF) pretreatment process alternatives were tested. All pretreatment alternatives were optimized to reduce chemical oxygen demand (COD) and color load to NF. Coagulation process was investigated using the coagulants, aluminum sulfate (Al2(SO4)3.18H2O) and ferric chloride (FeCl3.6H2O) by running a series of jar tests. The results showed that coagulation process did not provide an effective and efficient pretreatment due to high dose of coagulant requirement. MF tests run by using 0.45, 2.5 and, 8 µ
m membranes indicated that MF through 0.45 µ
m pore-sized membrane is the best process providing 64% color and 29% COD removals, leading to a color value of 2493 Pt-Co and COD of 892 mg /L in the permeate. Application of sequential MF+UF filtration provided a significant benefit over single MF in terms of rejections and also permeate flux. UF applied after MF provided additional 62% color and 4% COD removals leading to 960 Pt-Co color and 856 mg/L COD. NF tests conducted using pretreated wastewater via single MF and sequential MF+UF indicated that single MF is the best pretreatment to NF and this treatment scheme provided 99% color, 97% COD and 80 % conductivity removals and satisfied reuse criteria.
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Le, Hoai Nga [Verfasser], Gianaurelio [Gutachter] Cuniberti, Michael [Gutachter] Stintz, and Sven [Gutachter] Wießner. "A concept for nanoparticle-based photocatalytic treatment of wastewater from textile industry / Hoai Nga Le ; Gutachter: Gianaurelio Cuniberti, Michael Stintz, Sven Wießner." Dresden : Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1226430562/34.
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Matysíková, Jana. "Znovu-užití vyčištěných odpadních vod v papírenském a textilním průmyslu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-225374.
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This thesis deals with Advanced oxidation processes (AOP) and its aplication for textile wastewaters treatment and reuse. AOP is a modern technology which currently recieves increased attention due to it´s high efficiency in removing resistant and hardly-degradable pollution. Thesis consists of search and practical part. Search part is created by three chapters. First chapter describe briefly wastewater reuse. The second chapter deals with Advanced oxidation processes. AOP principle, AOP division and descriotion is included with the strong focus on the ozonation technology. The third chapter presents the textile industry and its wastewaters. The practical part of this thesis consists of two chapters. Chapter 5 describes testing of textile wastewaters decoloration by ozonation in the selected textile copany and its results. This results are used in chapter 6. Chapter 6 is the study of textile industry treatment and reuse in the selected textile company. This study contains the design of two options for wastewater treatment and reuse in the textile processes.
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Moura, Artur Duarte de. "Análise e projeto de hidrociclones para o espessamento do lodo gerado no tratamento de efluentes de indústrias têxteis." Universidade Federal do Pampa, 2015. http://dspace.unipampa.edu.br:8080/xmlui/handle/riu/1257.
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O descarte de efluentes industriais e residenciais em corpos hídricos ganha cada vez mais atenção da fiscalização dos órgãos ambientais. Assim, é crescente a contribuição de grupos de pesquisas científicas em desenvolver novas tecnologias que contribuam para que esses descartes sejam menos prejudiciais à natureza. A indústria têxtil contribui com uma grande geração de poluentes que quando não são devidamente tratados se tornam agravante problema ambiental. Uma das matérias primas da indústria têxtil é a lã de ovinos. Devido às condições como são criadas as ovelhas, para o processamento industrial dessa lã é indispensável a retirada da maior parte possível de impurezas por meio da lavagem, para então ser transformada em fio pelo processo de cardar e por fim ser fiada e tingida. A alta temperatura e pH que são utilizados na lavagem contribuem significativamente para a geração dos lodos como efluente e a alta quantidade de água utilizada faz com que este efluente fique bastante úmido. O método mais comum de tratamento desse tipo de efluente se dá por meio da decantação ou sedimentação através de tratamento biológico via sistema de lodos ativados. Apesar de apresentar uma boa eficiência, esse método não é suficiente para remoção de compostos orgânicos dissolvidos, além de produzir grande volume de lodo. Algumas opções como a secagem ou hidrociclonagem, contribuem para o espessamento dos lodos gerados durante o tratamento do efluente. Os parâmetros geométricos dos hidrociclones dependem da família a qual ele pertence, as configurações da família Rietema e Bradley são os que aparecem com mais frequência nos trabalhos da literatura quando se trata de equipamentos com boa eficiência para separação de sólido-líquido. O Rio Grande do Sul, dentre os estados brasileiros, se destaca tanto na produção têxtil como no cenário da pecuária, em especial na produção de lãs de ovinos, por isso o objetivo desse trabalho foi projetar, analisar e simular a fluidodinâmica de hidrociclones do tipo Rietema e Bradley para o espessamento do lodo produzido por uma indústria têxtil da cidade de Bagé – RS. Primeiro, foi realizado a caracterização física do lodo do efluente através da obtenção da temperatura, da massa específica da fase fluida e da parte sólida, da sua viscosidade, da sua concentração de sólidos, e da sua distribuição do tamanho médio de partículas. Também foi feita a caracterização química através das medidas do pH, da DQO, da quantidade de matéria orgânica e condutividade elétrica. Com base nesses resultados e nas equações que relacionam a eficiência com diâmetro de corte e com o diâmetro da secção cilíndrica do hidrociclone, foi possível projetar e analisar o comportamento das eficiências dos hidrociclones de configuração Rietema e Bradley. Também foi verificado com base nas relações de Euler e Reynold qual dos hidrociclones tem menor gasto energético para uma mesma faixa de eficiência. Por fim, foi realizada a análise numérica por meio de simulação computacional, por CFD utilizando o programa ANSYS para descrever os perfis de velocidade, pressão e o comportamento da fase líquida e sólida no interior dos hidrociclones. Os resultados da caracterização física demostraram que o lodo possui massa específica de 1000,05 kg/m3 e o sólido contido no lodo possui uma massa específica de 1002,64 kg/m3 e diâmetro de partícula de 586 e uma concentração volumétrica de sólidos de 4,2 %. Na sensibilidade paramétrica, os hidrociclones de configuração Rietema e Bradley se comportaram de maneira bastante semelhante. Os resultados das simulações auxiliaram no conhecimento e na interpretação gráfica de como ocorre o movimento do fluido e a separação das fases no interior do hidrociclone. Na visualização dos perfis de velocidade tangencial, foi observado que esta é maior na região central do hidrociclone, onde retornará por movimento helicoidal ascendente, à fase menos densa. As correntes de pressão mostraram que essa variável é maior próxima nas paredes do hidrociclone, o que provoca a separação das fases. Para análise da eficiência foi utilizado o modelo Lagrangeano com curva de dispersões de sólido em água com mediana de distribuição de 586 . Ambos hidrociclones projetados apresentaram uma eficiência de separação de 74 %.
The disposal of industrial and residential wastewater into water bodies has gained increasing attention of surveillance of environmental agencies. So it is increasing the contribution of scientific research groups to develop new technologies to help ensure that these discharges are less harmful to nature. The textile industry contributes a great generation of pollutants that are not properly treated when they become aggravating environmental problem. One of the raw materials of the textile industry is the sheep wool. Due to the sheep conditions are created for the industrial processing of such wool is essential that the largest possible removal of impurities by washing, then to be transformed into yarn by carding process and finally be spun and dyed. The high temperature and pH which are used in the wash contribute significantly to the generation of effluent and sludge as high amount of water used makes this effluent becomes moist enough. The most common method of treatment of this effluent is through decantation or sedimentation through biological treatment through activated sludge system. Despite presenting a good efficiency, this method is not sufficient for removing dissolved organic compounds, besides being very susceptible to the effluent composition and produce large amounts of sludge. Some options like, drying or hydrocycloning, contribute to the thickening of sludges generated during treatment of the effluent. The geometric parameters of hydrocyclones depend on the family to which it belongs, Rietema and Bradley Family settings are appearing more frequently in the work of literature when it comes to equipment with good efficiency for solid-liquid separation. The Rio Grande do Sul, among the Brazilian states, it is so prominent in the textile production and in livestock scenario, especially in wool production of sheep, so the aim of this study was to design, analyze and simulate the fluid dynamics of hydrocyclones type Rietema and Bradley for sludge thickening produced by a textile city of Bage - RS. First the physical characterization was carried effluent sludge by raising the temperature, the density of the fluid phase and the solid part of its viscosity, its solids concentration and its distribution of the average particle size. Also the chemical characterization was done by raising the pH, COD, the amount of organic matter and conductivity. Based on these results and the equations that relate efficiency with cutting diameter and the diameter of the cylindrical section of the hydrocyclone, it was possible to design and analyze the behavior of the efficiencies of Rietema and Bradley configuration hydrocyclones. It also found based on the relationship of Euler and Reynold which the hydrocyclones has lower energy expenditure for the same range of efficiency. Finally, a numerical analysis was carried out through computer simulation by CFD ANSYS software to describe the velocity profile, pressure and performance of liquid and solid phase within the hydrocyclones. The results of the physical characterization showed that the sludge has a specific weight of 1000.05 kg / m3 and the solid contained in the sludge has a specific weight of 1002.64 kg / m3 and a particle diameter of 586 m and a volume concentration of 4 ,2 %. In parametric sensitivity, the configuration hydrocyclones Rietema and Bradley behaved in much the same way. The simulation results helped in knowledge and graphic interpretation of how occurs the fluid motion and phase separation inside the hydrocyclone. In view of the tangential velocity profiles, it was observed that this is higher in the central region of the hydrocyclone, which returns ascending helical movement, the less dense phase. The pressure currents shown that this variable is greater near the walls of the hydrocyclone, which causes phase separation. To analyze the efficiency we used the Lagrangian model with solid dispersions curve in water with a median of distribution of 586 micrometers. Both hydrocyclones designed showed a 74% separation efficiency.
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Meehan, Colette. "Biotreatment of textile industry wastewater." Thesis, University of Ulster, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.232842.
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Oliveira, Ivy dos Santos. "Integração do tratamento microbiológico com células imobilizadas e tecnologias emergentes (Processos Oxidativos Avançados) para o tratamento de efluentes gerados na indústria têxtil." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/87/87131/tde-11022010-105753/.
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A integração de diferentes processos de tratamento na degradação de efluente têxtil foi avaliada utilizando-se a técnica de precipitação, processos oxidativos avançados (POA) e tratamento biológico aeróbio. Os POAs (Ozônio/UV e reagente de Fenton/UV) foram avaliados com experimentos em bateladas de acordo com um planejamento fatorial L18 (Método Tagushi) em função da vazão de ozônio, concentração de reagente Fenton, radiação UV, pH e temperatura. No tratamento microbiológico por processo contínuo, foi utilizado um reator de leito fluidizado com células imobilizadas de zeólitas e avaliados parâmetros como pré-tratamento com POAs, vazão de aeração, taxa de diluição. Concluiu-se que com o pré-tratamento físico-químico obteve-se resultados bastante satisfatórios na redução da DQO e COT, porém gerou uma quantidade desnecessária de lodo. A integração lodo ativado/Reagente Fenton mostrou-se bastante adequada, principalmente na remoção da cor e turbidez; a variedade e freqüência dos microrganismos observados durante o monitoramento biológico foram condizentes com os sistemas de lodo ativado operando eficientemente e o emprego de zeólitas como suporte mostrou-se significativo, alcançando 63,3 % de imobilização do microrganismo no suporte.The integration of different treatment processes in the degradation of textile wastewater was evaluated using precipitation technique, advanced oxidation processes (AOP) and aerobic biological treatment. AOPs (Ozone/UV and reagent of Fenton/UV) were evaluated in batch experiments according to a factorial planning L18 (Tagushi Method) in function of the flow of ozone, concentration of reagent Fenton, UV radiation, pH and temperature. In the microbiological treatment for continuous process, a reactor of bed fluidized was used with immobilized cells of zeolites some parameters were evaluated such as pre-treatment with AOPs, aeration flow, diluition rate. Satisfactory results were obtained with the physical-chemistry pre-treatment in the reduction of COD and TOC, however it generated an unnecessary amount of sludge. The integration activated sludge/Reagent Fenton was shown quite appropriate, mainly in the removal of the color and turbidity; the variety and frequency of the microorganisms observed during the biological monitorament were suitable with the systems of activated sludge operating efficiently and the use of zeolites as support was shown significant, reaching 63,3 % of immobilization of the microorganism in the support.
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Morali, Eyup Kaan. "Ozonation Of A Denim Producing Textile Industry Wastewater." Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12612428/index.pdf.
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Denim production is one of the leading sub-sectors of textile industry which basically generates highly colored indigo dyeing effluents. In the present study, ozonation was applied to the indigo-dyeing effluent(COD=820 mg/Lcolor=5500 Pt-Co), and to the whole effluent from a denim-producing plant before(COD=2750 mg/L
color=3950 Pt-Co) and after(COD=800 mg/L,color=3700 Pt-Co) biological treatment for degradation/detoxification purposes. Ozonation was also tried in the wastewater of the plant(COD=3100 mg/L
color=4500 Pt-Co) that would be produced after some foreseen cleaner production measures
caustic recovery and reusing of dyeing process wastewater. When applied to indigo-dyeing wastewater
ozonation provided 95% color and 61% COD removals at 1320 mg/h ozone dose within 60 minutes The optimum pH was evaluated as 4 when indigo-dyeing wastewater exposed to ozonation at different pHs(1.6-12.3). On the other side, ozonation applied as pre-treatment to the plant effluent provided 86% color and 46% COD removals with 3240 mg/h ozone dose in 70 minutes. Less satisfactory results were obtained when ozonation was tried in the wastewater after measures, with 86% color and 31% COD removals at 3960 mg/h ozone dose in 80 minutes. When applied to the biologically-treated effluent
at 420 mg/h ozone dose and within 40 minutes, ozonation removed 47% of influent COD and 96% of influent color indicating better performance of ozonation in postoxidation. In order to assess possible improvements on ozonation with the addition of H2O2, different concentrations were tried, but no significant improvement was obtained. The improvement in BOD5/COD index was also determined for the ozonetreated plant effluent to measure the effects of ozonation on biodegradability and found out that BOD5/COD ratio has improved to 0.39 from 0.22.
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Forss, Jörgen. "Microbial treatment of textile wastewater applicable in developing countries." Doctoral thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för teknik, TEK, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-23507.
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Carolan, R. P. "Industrial wastewater treatment by dissolved air flotation and sedimentation." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.368757.
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Kirby, Niamh. "Bioremediation of textile industry wastewater by white rot fungi." Thesis, University of Ulster, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.393681.
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Aris, Azmi. "Fenton's reaction system for the treatment of textile dyeing wastewater." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.606934.
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In fulfilling the needs of the society, the introduction of new synthetic chemicals into the industry have created a new threat to the environment. Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) are one of the treatment technologies currently being developed to deal with this problem. Fenton's Reagent (FR) can be considered as the oldest AOPs available today. In this thesis, study has been conducted to explore the effect of several reaction variables on FR and ultra-violet (UV) photo-Fenton processes. The aim of this study was to improve the process through manipulation of these variables which include mixing intensity, reagent dosing strategy (i.e. addition timing and position), initial dissolved oxygen content (IOOe) and UV light intensity. With consideration to the wastewater generated by textile dyeing industry, a reactive dyestuff, Reactive Black S (RBS) was used as the model pollutant. Within the range of the experimental conditions used in this study, the RBS was found to be easily decolourised by FR. RBS was observed to further increase the degradation of HZ02, which is expected to generate more hydroxyl radicals (HO·) for better RBS degradation. Mineralisation of the dyestuff, however, required higher reagents dosage and longer reaction time. Mixing intensity was found to have a significant effect on the process. The behaviour of the mixing effect appears to be a function of reagents dosing strategy applied. In general, increasing mixing intensity was found to improve the RBS mineralisation in the early stages. For a given dosing strategy, this effect was still observed later. A very high mixing rate, however, caused reduction in TOe removal. The requirement for mixing intensity could be reduced by adopting an appropriate dosing strategy, hence reducing the potential process operational cost. Initial dissolved oxygen content was also observed to have a significant influence on the FR process. Reducing the looe was found to enhance the process performance. However, the influence was trivial for the photo-Fenton process. The presence of UV light greatly enhances the FR process and the light intensity also has significant effect on the process. The significance of some of the factors was observed to change as the reaction progress. Several factors were also found to affect the process interactively and some of the effects as a function of the factors were non-linear.
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Dao, Minh Trung, Thi Thanh Ngoc Tran, Thi Thao Tran Nguyen, Kim Dinh Ngo, and Vo Chau Ngan Nguyen. "Natural auxiliary coagulants - perspectives for the treatment of textile wastewater." Technische Universität Dresden, 2016. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A32616.
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Applying chemical coagulants and auxiliary coagulants in wastewater treatment has become more popular in Vietnam. Although the efficacy of chemical coagulants has been well recognized, there are disadvantages associated with the use of these products, such as the inefficiency at low temperatures, increasing the residual cation in solution, causing health problems and distribution water, relatively high cost, producing high volume of sludge. Thus, it is desirable to replace these chemical coagulants for products that do not generate such drawbacks, such as natural polymers. In this paper, the authors conducted experiments by using natural auxiliary coagulants extracted from
seeds of Cassia fistula (gum MHY) and chemical polymer as auxiliary coagulation to treat textile wastewater with basic polluted parameters: pH = 9.0; COD = 800 mgO2/L, color = 750 Pt-Co. The Jartest experiment results showed that the process efficiency of chemical polymer and gum MHY is not so different, with the COD removal efficiencies of 60.3% and 59.7%; the color removal efficiencies of 87.3% and 87.1%; the SS removal efficiencies of 93.2% and 92.6%. There-fore,
coagulants obtained from gum MHY can be applied as the alternatives for chemical polymer in the process of treating textile wastewater.Các ứng dụng chất keo tụ và chất trợ keo tụ hóa học trong xử lý nước thải ngày càng trở nên phổ biến tại Việt Nam. Mặc dù có nhiều ghi nhận về hiệu quả xử lý của chất keo tụ hóa học, phương pháp xử lý này vẫn tồn tại một số nhược điểm như hiệu suất xử lý thấp ở nhiệt độ thấp, nước thải sau khi xử lý còn chứa nhiều hóa chất tiếp tục làm ô nhiễm nguồn tiếp nhận, chi phí xử lý cao và tạo ra nhiều bùn thải. Do đó việc tìm kiếm một phương án xử lý thay thế, chẳng hạn sử dụng polymer tự nhiên, có thể khắc phục những nhược điểm này là rất cần thiết. Nghiên cứu này tiến hành đánh giá hiệu quả sử dụng chất trợ keo tụ sinh học ly trích từ hạt trái Muồng Hoàng yến (Cassia fistula) và chất trợ keo tụ hóa học để xử lý nước thải dệt nhuộm có các thông số ô nhiễm cơ bản: pH = 9,0; COD = 800 mgO2/L, độ màu = 750 Pt-Co. Các thí nghiệm trên bộ Jartest cho thấy hiệu quả xử lý nước thải dệt nhuộm của chất trợ keo tụ gum Muồng Hoàng yến và chất trợ keo tụ hóa học không khác biệt có ý nghĩa với hiệu suất xử lý COD lần lượt là 60,3 và 59,7%; hiệu suất xử lý độ màu là 87,3 và 87,1%; xử lý SS là 93,2 và 92,6%. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy gum hạt Muồng Hoàng yến có thể sử dụng làm chất trợ keo tụ thay thế chất trợ keo tụ hóa học trong xử lý ô nhiễm nước thải dệt nhuộm.
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Weinberg, Marla Kaye. "The effectiveness of an electrochemical treatment process and its applications in textile wastewater treatment." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/8697.
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Opdycke, Mary Ellen. "Physicochemical and biological treatment of a textile dyeing and finishing wastewater." Thesis, This resource online, 1995. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-01312009-063352/.
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Yaseen, D. A. "Treatment of synthetic wastewater containing textile dyes with experimental constructed wetlands." Thesis, University of Salford, 2018. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/47255/.
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A global increase in industrialisation has resulted in the rapid growth of textile industries in developing countries, leading to a high rise in the overall discharge of a broad range of pollutants. Amongst these pollutants is dye wastewater, which frequently has mutagenic and carcinogenic effects on humans and animals, depending on the receiving watercourses as a source for drinking water. In contrast to traditional high-rate wastewater treatment units, passive biological treatment technologies, such as constructed wetlands are a sustainable and cost-effective alternative technology to treat large quantities of contaminated water, especially in places where land costs are low. Four small scale experiments were conducted between July 2014 and June 2017 using plastic containers simulating constructed wetland planted with Common Duckweed (Lemna minor) for assessing the system performance, as a polishing stage, for the treatment of synthetic wastewater containing dyes: acid blue 113 (AB113), reactive blue 198 (RB198), basic red 46 (BR46) and direct orange 46 (DO46), with the main focus on removal of the dyes. The novelty of this research was to cover five prominent gaps in the literature, related to the treatment of dye effluents using free-floating plant-based constructed wetland systems under hydroponic conditions. These gaps have not been previously investigated with this system, which include: treatment of four dyes, which have not been treated before using this economic system; evaluate the system performance and the removal mechanism, in detail, for long-term operation as a polishing stage; assess the performance of identical systems for treating the same dye wastewaters under both semi-natural and controlled conditions; studying the effect of pH adjustment during the operation period; and treatment of mixed dyes (real cases) of textile effluents. The overall findings showed that the systems removed BR46 more efficiently than the other dyes studied, and ponds containing L. minor significantly (p<0.05) outperformed algae-dominated and control ponds. The potential of L. minor ponds for the treatment of BR46 was significantly (p<0.05) better under controlled conditions than those under semi-natural conditions. The impact of pH was negligible concerning the treatment of BR46. In addition, the potential for BR46 degradation when it forms only part of a dye mixture is lower, compared to its corresponding removal as an individual dye. Furthermore, only ponds containing L. minor completely eliminated BR46 by removing the aromatic amines after dye decolourisation. Regarding the main water quality parameters, the findings showed that the removal efficiencies of chemical oxygen demand were not significantly different in all design variables. The reduction of nutrients was considerably higher in planted ponds than in controls. Based on L. minor monitoring, all dyes reduced the growth of L. minor, and the synthetic textile wastewater negatively affected the plants’ growth compared with wastewater containing fertiliser. The overall outcomes of this research provide a better understanding of the long-term performance of shallow ponds technology using different al conditions and design variables for the treatment of dye wastewater. Consequently, this will be a tremendous value for wetland ponds engineers to foster the practical development of this system as a low-cost alternative for helping developing countries.
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Boe, Randall William. "Pilot-scale study on anaerobic/aerobic treatment of a textile dye wastewater." Thesis, This resource online, 1993. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-10312009-020231/.
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Esteves, Sandra Raquel Ramires. "Monitoring and control of biological textile wastewater treatment using artificial neural networks." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.395353.
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Hussein, A. "Azo textile dyes wastewater treatment with constructed wetlands : design and operation of experimental vertical-flow constructed wetlands applied for the treatment of azo textile dyes (with/without artificial wastewater)." Thesis, University of Salford, 2017. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/43774/.
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Wetlands have long played a significant role as natural purification systems. Textile industry processes are among the most environmentally unsustainable industrial processes, because they produce coloured effluents in large quantities polluting water. The aim of this study is to assess the performance of VFCWs to treat two different azo textile dyes with and without artificial wastewater for long periods of time through different operation modes such as contact and resting times, and loading rates, which has rarely been considered in previous research works. The corresponding key objectives are (a) to assess the role of gravel (as a control wetland) and plants on dye reduction and other pollutants; (b) to determine the influence of two groups of dyes (acid (AB113) and basic (BR46)), each dye having a different molecular weight and chemical structure, at two different concentrations (7 mg/l and 215 mg/l); (c) to evaluate the impact of the mixture of both dyes on the performance of vertical-flow constructed wetlands in terms of dye reduction with/without artificial wastewater; (d) to determine the annual and seasonal reduction; and (e) to assess the influence of operational parameters such as contact time (48h and 84h), resting time and mass loading rate on dye reduction and other pollutants for a long period. The first phase dealt with treating the two azo textile dyes only during the period between 1 June 2015 and 31 May 2016, while the second phase dealt with artificial wastewater containing the two azo textile dyes during the period between 1 June 2016 and 31 May 2017. According to the first phase, for the low concentration of BR46, there was no significant (p≥0.05) difference between the wetlands in terms of dye reductions. However, for chemical oxygen demand (COD), the reduction percentages were 50%, 59% and 67% for the control and for the wetlands with short and long contact times, respectively. All reductions were statistically significant (p < 0.05). For the high concentration of BR46, the reduction percentages for the dyes were 94% and 82%, and for COD, they were 89% and 74% for the long and short contact times, correspondingly. A good reduction was noted for total suspended solids for long and short contact times. For the low concentration of AB113, the percentage reductions for the dye were 71%, 68% and 80%, and for COD, they were 5%, 7% and 16% for the control, and the short and long contact times, respectively. For the high concentration of AB113, the percentage reductions for the dye were 72% and 73%, and for COD, they were 54% and 55% for the 48 h and 96 h contact times in this order. Regarding ortho-phosphate-phosphorous for the low concentrations of BR46 and AB113, the reduction percentages for wetlands, which have high contact times, were significantly (p < 0.05) better than those of the control wetlands, as well as wetlands, which have low contact times. In the case of high concentration regarding BR46, the reduction percentages of wetlands with low loading rates were significantly (p < 0.05) better than wetlands with high loading rates, while for AB113, the reduction percentages of wetlands with high loading rate were significantly (p < 0.05) better than those for wetlands with low loading rates. In the case of ammonia-nitrogen for the high concentration of dyes, there were no significant (p≥0.05) differences between wetlands. Regarding nitrate-nitrogen reduction for low and high concentration of BR46 and AB113, the reduction percentages for wetlands with long contact times were better than those for wetlands having short contact times. In the case of phase two, the presence of plants had no effect on the dye and COD reductions. For the low concentration of BR46, the percentage reductions for the dye were 92%, 89% and 91%, and for COD, they were 69%, 82% and 70% for the control, and the short and long contact times, respectively. All reductions were statistically significant (p < 0.05). For the high concentration of BR46, the reduction percentages for the dyes were 73% and 33%, and for COD, they were 56% and 39% for the long and short contact times, respectively. For the low concentration of AB113, the percentage reductions for the dye were 85%, 77% and 82%, and for COD, they were 76%, 81% and 62% for the control, and the short and long contact times in this order. For the high concentration of AB113, the percentage reductions for the dye were 44% and 54%, and for COD, they were 40% and 56% for the 48 h and 96 h contact times, correspondingly. Regarding ortho-phosphate-phosphorous for the low concentrations in the case of AB113 and BR46 and the mixture of both dyes, the reduction percentage in wetlands with high contact time was significantly (p < 0.05) better than those of the control wetlands and wetlands with low contact time. For the high concentration of BR46, AB113 and the mixture of both of them, wetlands with high resting and contact times had lower ortho-phosphate-phosphorous effluent concentrations when compared with wetlands with low resting and contact times. Regarding ammonia-nitrogen reduction percentages for low concentrations of BR46 and AB113 and the mixture of both dyes, wetlands with high resting times had better reduction percentages (p < 0.05) when compared with the control wetlands as well as wetlands with low resting times. In the case of high concentrations for BR46, AB113 and the mixture of both of them, wetlands with low loading rates had a better reduction percentage when compared with wetlands with a high loading rate. Regarding nitrate-nitrogen reductions for low and high concentrations of BR46, AB113 and the mixture of both of them, the reduction percentages for all wetlands were in the range from 75 to 100%. Regarding aromatic amine compound reductions, wetlands with long contact times showed significant (p < 0.05) differences when compared with the control and wetlands with short contact times for the low concentrations of BR46 and AB113. For the high concentration of BR46 and AB113, wetlands with low loading rates showed a significant difference (p < 0.05) when compared with wetlands with a high loading rate. The researcher recommended that using HPLC combined with FTIR to investigate the reduction in aromatic amines and working on modelling of the results should help the designer in improving the construction of wetlands on an industrial scale.
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Weber, Michelle Lynn. "Pretreatment and biodegradation of wastewater from a textile dyeing and finishing industry." Thesis, This resource online, 1994. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-07102009-040334/.
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Bäckström, Nilsson Wilma. "Catalytic Ozonation with MnOx-CeOx/ γ-Al2O3 for Wastewater Treatment of Textile Effluent." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för kemi, bioteknologi och hälsa (CBH), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-266156.
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In China, the textile industry is important for the economy. However, the industry contributes to emissions of organic material and other pollutants. This affects the environment and the quality of life for people and animals. All over the world, water scarcity is becoming an increasing problem, which is why the UN has water purification as one of the goals for sustainable development. To achieve these goals and the regulations in countries, wastewater is purified in water treatment plants before it is discharged. One of the methods that can be used to purify water is catalytic ozonation, an oxidation process in which ozone is used as an oxidant to break down organic material. Catalysts, usually metal oxides, are used to increase the selectivity and the reaction rate. However, this is a relatively unexplored area in water purification and several details within the process are unknown, such as optimal conditions for various catalysts and the exact reaction mechanism. In this work, catalytic ozonation treatment with the metal oxide MnOx-CeOx/γ-Al2O3 has been investigated. Firstly, a literature study was carried out to find earlier research in the field. Then experiments were conducted, varying four different factors and the impact these factors had on the catalytic ozonation was analyzed. The factors examined were contact time, ozone dosage, gas flow and amount of catalyst. All factors had three different levels. COD and UV254 were analyzed to find the conditions that gave the highest reduction of organic matter. The highest reduction of COD was 67 % which gave a COD concentration of 23 mg/L and UV254 90 %. Since the regulations on COD emissions in China are 30 mg/L, the catalytic ozonation gave a satisfying result. The result showed that the highest yield was achieved at the highest level for contact time (40 min), ozone dosage (0.3 mg/L) and amount of catalyst (100 % filled reactor), but the second highest for the gas flow (0.3 L/min). However, the contact time was calculated to be the only significant factor for reducing COD in water. The other factors did not have a significant effect on the reduction of COD or UV254. Furthermore, the conditions that were calculated to give the greatest reduction were used to analyse the reduction of impurities in the wastewater with three dimensional fluorescence. Three dimensional fluorescence showed that the wastewater contained organic compounds, mainly aromatic proteins, soluble microbial by-products and humic acids. All of these compounds were reduced during the catalytic ozonation with MnOx-CeOx/ γ-Al2O3. The residual amount of ozone was analyzed in effluent gas flow was measured with different incoming gas flows. The residual ozone after the ozone treatment was approximately 45 % of the ingoing gas flow.I Kina är textilindustrin viktig för ekonomin. Dock bidrar industrin till utsläpp av organiskt material och andra föroreningar. Detta påverkar miljön och livskvalitén för människor och djur. Världen över börjar vattenbrist bli ett allt större problem, varför FN har med vattenrening som ett av målen för hållbar utveckling. För att nå dessa mål och de regleringar som gäller renas avloppsvatten i vattenreningsanläggningar innan det släpps ut. En av de metoder som kan användas för att rena vattnet är katalytisk ozonbehandling, vilket är en oxidationsprocess där ozon används som oxidationsmedel för att bryta ned organiskt material. För att öka selektiviteten och reaktionshastigheten används katalysatorer, vanligen metalloxider. Detta är dock ett relativt outforskat område inom vattenrening och flera detaljer inom processen är okända, såsom optimala betingelser och reaktionsmekanismen. I detta arbete har därför katalytisk ozonbehandling med metalloxiden MnOx-CeOx/ γ-Al2O3 undersökts. Först utfördes en litteraturstudie för att ta fram tidigare forskning inom området. Därefter utfördes experiment där fyra olika faktorers påverkan på den katalytiska ozonbehandlingen analyserades. De faktorer som undersöktes var uppehållstid, ozondosering, gasflöde och mängd katalysator. Samtliga faktorer hade tre olika nivåer. De faktorer som analyserades var COD och UV254 för att hitta de förhållanden som gav högst reduktion av organiskt material. Den högsta reduktionen av COD var 67 %, vilket gav en COD-koncentration på 23 mg/L och UV254 reducerades upp till 90 %. Eftersom gränsen på COD-utsläpp i Kina är 30 mg / L gav den katalytiska ozonbehandlingen ett tillfredsställande resultat. Det nivåer som gav bäst utbyte var de högsta för uppehållstiden (40 min), ozondoseringen (0.3 mg/L) och mängden katalysator (100 % fylld reaktor), men den näst högsta för gasflödet (0.3 L/min). Den enda faktorn som hade en signifikant påverkan på reduktionen av organiskt material var dock uppehållstiden. Övriga faktorer hade ingen signifikant påverkan på varken reduktionen av COD eller UV254. Vidare användes ändå de nivåer som beräknats ge störst reduktion av organiskt material för att analysera reduktionen av föroreningar i avloppsvattnet med tredimensionell fluorescens. Avloppsvattnet innehåller organiskt material som aromatiska proteiner, lösliga mikrobiella biprodukter och humussyror och dessa föroreningar reducerades vid katalytiska ozonbehandlingen med MnOx-CeOx/ γ-Al2O3. Dessutom analyserades resterande mängd ozon i utgående gasflöde vid olika storlek på ingående gasflöde. Resterande mängd ozon efter ozonbehandlingen var ungefär 45 % av ingående mängd.
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Cocozza, Peter Andrew. "Management and technology trends in the wastewater treatment industry." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/31070.
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Shaw, Christopher B. "A comparison of two single-vessel reactor types for the treatment of textile wastes." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2000. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/34697.
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The feasibility of using a single vessel reactor for the biological treatment of recalcitrant compounds, namely reactive azo dyes discharged by the textile finishing industry was investigated. A synthetic effluent was derived from real processes to give reproducibility throughout the experimental period. The literature review found that a sequenced treatment of anaerobic then aerobic redox environments was required for the decolourisation and mineralisation of the dyes. Two biological reactor types were accordingly designed, built and tested, the sequencing batch reactor (SBR) and the hybrid anaerobic baffled reactor (HABR).
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O'Neill, Cliona. "Combined anaerobic-aerobic treatment of a simulated textile effluent." Thesis, University of South Wales, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.365088.
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McCurdy, Michael W. "Chemical reduction and oxidation combined with biodegradation for the treatment of a textile dye wastewater." Thesis, This resource online, 1991. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-10102009-020050/.
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Nuramdhani, Ida. "Towards Environmentally Benign Wastewater Treatment - Photocatalytic Study of Degradation of Industrial Dyes." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Chemistry, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/6400.
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Pollution created by textile dyeing operations attracts significant attention because an effluent containing a complex mixture of coloured and potentially toxic compounds can be released with the discharged water. Developing dyes and dyeing conditions to reduce the amount of residual dye contained in any effluent has been one of many approaches to minimise this environmental impact. However, the presence of coloured discharge cannot be totally eliminated using only this strategy. Thus, development of efficient post-dyeing wastewater treatment methods capable of removing coloured products from the water is of paramount importance.
TiO2-mediated photocatalytic degradation of organic dye molecules via oxidation is the focus of the study reported in this thesis. TiO₂ significantly increases the rate of photodegradation of a wide range of organic dyes under mild operating conditions, and is able to mineralise a wide spectrum of organic contaminants. TiO₂ is also one of the very few substances appropriate for the industrial applications.
One of primary aims of this thesis is to test the hypothesis that augmenting standard TiO₂ photocatalysts with Au nanoparticles could increase performance of a catalyst, while immobilizing TiO₂ on SiO₂ support may improve the cost of the process efficiency, i.e. more photocatalytic degradation per particle of TiO₂. Combining TiO₂ doped with gold nanoparticles on SiO₂ support has the potential to provide the highest photocatalytic ability at the lowest cost.
The first half of the thesis is concerned with establishing and optimizing experimental conditions for monitoring photodegradation via UV-Visible spectroscopy. Effects of various conditions such as temperature, sequence of addition of reagents, exposure to light vs. experiments in dark, sampling methods, and the use of quenching agent were examined.
The main conclusions from this study are that light-induced photodegradation using titanium dioxide nanoparticles catalysts is comparatively more efficient than purely chemical catalytic (e.g. non-light mediated) degradation, even if the latter is performed at elevated temperature. Further, the rate of dye degradation is affected considerably by the parameters of the system.
The degradation rate depends strongly on the pH of the solution, due to charges on both the catalyst surface and in the dye. In general, at pH ≤ 6.8, which is the zero charge point for TiO₂, reactions proceeded faster than those at higher pH. Six dyes from four different classes of dyes used in industry were used in this study, and all showed different photodegradation behaviour.
The second half of thesis tests the photocatalytic abilities of various TiO₂-based catalysts: pure TiO₂ (commercial and custom-made in our laboratory), TiO₂-supported gold nanoparticles (Au/TiO₂), SiO₂-supported TiO₂ (TiO₂/SiO₂), and SiO₂-supported Au/TiO₂. The best photocatalytic performance was observed for the custom-made TiO₂ code-named as e-TiO₂, which was synthesized using the sol-gel method in dry ethanol. TiO₂-supported Au55 nanoparticles showed a similar level of catalytic ability but are significantly more expensive. It was observed that dye adsorption played a significant role in the case of SiO₂-immobilized photocatalysts.
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Wallace, Trevor Haig. "Biological Treatment of a Synthetic Dye Water and an Industrial Textile Wastewater Containing Azo Dye Compounds." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34115.
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In this research, the ability of anaerobic and aerobic biological sludges to reduce and stabilize azo dye compounds was studied. Synthetic dye solutions and an industrial textile wastewater were both treated using anaerobic and aerobic biomass, separately and in sequential step-treatment processes. The primary objective was to reduce the wastewater color to an intensity that complies with the Virginia Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (VPDES) permit level. This level is set at 300 American Dye Manufactures Institute (ADMI) units. Further objectives were to achieve reductions in the total kjehdal nitrogen (TKN) and total organic carbon (TOC) in the wastewater. Anaerobic and aerobic treatment systems were both effective in reducing the wastewater color; however, anaerobic treatment generally produced the greatest color removal. Anaerobic/aerobic (ANA/AER) sequential step-treatment provided the best reductions in ADMI color, TKN and TOC. Anaerobic/aerobic/anaerobic/aerobic (ANA/AER/ANA/AER) sequential step-treatment did not yield greater reductions in ADMI color, TKN, or TOC as compared to ANA/AER sequential step-treatment.Master of Science
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McMillan, Alan Robert. "Environmental degradation of glass reinforced polyesters in the wastewater treatment industry." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.362912.
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Gwele, Zuqaqambe. "Scale-up dynamics for the photocatalytic treatment of textile effluent." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2761.
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Thesis (Masters of Engineering in Chemical Engineering)--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, [2018].Enhancing the efficiency of large scale photocatalytic systems has been a concern for decades. Engineering design and modelling for the successful application of laboratory-scale techniques to large scale is obligatory. Among the many fields of research in heterogeneous photocatalysis, photocatalytic reaction engineering can initiate improvement and application of conservative equations for the design and scale-up of photocatalytic reactors. Various reactor configurations were considered, and the geometry of choice was the annular shape. Theory supports the view that annular geometry, in the presence of constant transport flow properties, monochromatic light, and an incompressible flow, will allow a system to respect the law of conservation of mass. The degradation of a simulated dye, methyl orange (MO), by titanium dioxide (TiO2) with a simulated solar light (halogen lamp) in a continuous recirculating batch photoreactor (CRBPR) was studied. A response surface methodology (RSM) based on central composite design (CCD) was applied to study interaction terms and individual terms and the role they play in the photocatalytic degradation of MO. The studied terms were volume (L), TiO2 (g), 2 (mL), and initial dye concentration (mg/L), to optimize these parameters and to obtain their mutual interaction during a photocatalytic process, a 24 full-factorial CCD and RSM with an alpha set to 1.5 were employed. The polynomial models obtained for the chosen responses (% degradation and reaction rate constant, k) were shown to have a good externally studentized vs normal percentage probability fit with R2 values of 0.69 and 0.77 respectively. The two responses had a common significant interaction term which was the H2O2 initial dye concentration term. The optimum degradation that was obtained in this study was a volume of 20 L, TiO2 of 10 g, H2O2 of 200 mL and the initial dye concentration of 5 mg/L which yielded 64.6% and a reaction rate constant of 0.0020 min-1. The model of percentage degradation was validated on a yield of 50% and 80% over a series of set volumes and the model validation was successful.
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Badmus, Kassim Olasunkanmi. "Treatment of persistent organic pollutants in wastewater with combined advanced oxidation." University of the Western Cape, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6785.
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Philosophiae Doctor - PhDPersistent organic pollutants (POPs) are very tenacious wastewater contaminants with negative impact on the ecosystem. The two major sources of POPs are wastewater from textile industries and pharmaceutical industries. They are known for their recalcitrance and circumvention of nearly all the known wastewater treatment procedures. However, the wastewater treatment methods which applied advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are documented for their successful remediation of POPs. AOPs are a group of water treatment technologies which is centered on the generation of OH radicals for the purpose of oxidizing recalcitrant organic contaminants content of wastewater to their inert end products. Circumvention of the reported demerits of AOPs such as low degradation efficiency, generation of toxic intermediates, massive sludge production, high energy expenditure and operational cost can be done through the application of the combined AOPs in the wastewater treatment procedure. The resultant mineralisation of the POPs content of wastewater is due to the synergistic effect of the OH radicals produced in the combined AOPs. Hydrodynamic cavitation is the application of the pressure variation in a liquid flowing through the venturi or orifice plates. This results in generation, growth, implosion and subsequent production of OH radicals in the liquid matrix. The generated OH radical in the jet loop hydrodynamic cavitation was applied as a form of advanced oxidation process in combination with hydrogen peroxide, iron (II) oxides or the synthesized green nano zero valent iron (gnZVI) for the treatment of simulated textile and pharmaceutical wastewater.
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Kumar, Sarker Shuronjit. "Textile wastewater treatment and electricity generation by Microbial Fuel Cell with freezing technology as pre-treatment (A No-water discharge approach)." Thesis, KTH, Mark- och vattenteknik (flyttat 20130630), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-171813.
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Textile wastewater contains very high concentration of color, COD, suspended solids and other pollutants. Methods such as reverse osmosis, nano-filtration and ultrafiltration are known to be effective to remove some pollutants but these methods are very expensive. A new treatment approach which is the combination of freezing technology and Microbial Fuel Cell technology has been studied in this thesis work and seems to have great potential to remove color and COD from textile wastewater. Freezing splits a diluted stream into two different streams; one stream in which water is transferred into ice with a low pollutant concentration leaving a concentrated stream with pollutants. Microbial fuel cell uses the concentrated stream to convert biochemical energy into electrical energy. Three different types of substrates, KMnO4 solution, municipal wastewater and orange juice, were studied. Freezing technology can produce high quality water by neutralizing pH-value; close to 7.0, removal of COD is more than 95% and separating color by almost 100%. Similarly MFC can remove color, and COD by 88.8% and 73.6% respectively. The maximum generation of electrical power by MFC was estimated to 1.03 mW/m2 of electrode area. The findings suggest that this new approach of textile wastewater treatment can be a costeffective way to remove pollutants from textile wastewater while generating some electricity.
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Sum, Sze Nga. "Photo-fenton degradation of textile wastewater by a novel laponite clay based Fe nanocomposite as a heterogeneous catalyst /." View abstract or full-text, 2004. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?EVNG%202004%20SUM.
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Thesis (M. Phil.)--Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, 2004.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 125-135). Also available in electronic version. Access restricted to campus users.
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Haugland, Lindsay Ann. "Advanced water and wastewater treatment--implications and prospects for the construction industry." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/35383.
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Erdogan, Innocentia Gugulethu. "Treatment of softdrink industry wastewater using an integrated anaerobic/aerobic membrane bioreactor." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/919.
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Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree
Master of Technologae: Chemical Engineering
in the Faculty of
Engineering
at the
CAPE PENINSULA UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
2014Most softdrink industries in developing countries are moving towards wastewater reuse or recycling. Water and wastewater reutilization, costs of treatment and disposal guidelines, remain the most critical factors for the development of sustainable water use for softdrink industries. Wastewater reuse or recycle has potential in the softdrink industry, depending on the wastewater characteristics’ concentration and volume. During this study, an integrated laboratory scale anaerobic/aerobic sidestream membrane bioreactor (MBR) system was used for treating softdrink industry wastewater (SDIW). The aim was to evaluate the system’s performance, and identify potential opportunities to recycle the water, and therefore reduce freshwater intake and minimise wastewater production. The objectives were to: evaluate: 1) treatment efficiencies for the individual stages; 2) biogas production in the anaerobic stage; and 3) the overall performance of the integrated system under different operating conditions. The SDIW used in this study was classified as medium to high strength wastewater with a total chemical oxygen demand (CODt) ranging between 2 242 and 11 717 mg/L and a biological oxygen demand (BOD) of up to 1 150 mg/L. The major pollutants in the SDIW were caustic soda; dissolved sugars, namely fructose (1 071 mg/L) and sucrose (6 900 mg/L); with the pH ranging between 6.1 and 12. The SDIW was characterized by total suspended solids (TSS) of 66 mg/L, as well as fats, oils and greases (FOG) of 40 mg/L. The maximum turbidity and colour was 65.3 NTU and 42 mg Pt/L, respectively. All the physiochemical properties and inorganic parameters were within the within the City of Cape Town’s (CCT’s) industrial wastewater quality discharge standards by-law (South Africa, 2006). Excluding the total dissolved solids (TDS) and electrical conductivity (EC) with maximum values were 1 050 mg/L and 1 483 μS/cm, respectively. Anaerobic pre-treatment of this SDIW was studied using a laboratory-scale expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) reactor maintained at mesophilic temperature of between 35 to 37˚C. An organic loading rate (OLR), upflow velocity (Vup) and hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 10.9 kg COD/m3d, 0.85 m/h and ~11.8 h, respectively, resulting in COD treatment efficiencies of up to 93% CODt. An increase in nitrate (NO3-) in the EGSB product stream was an indication of an anaerobic ammonium (NH4+) oxidation (ANAMMOX) process. Anaerobic digestion (AD) of SDIW in the EGSB resulted in biogas production with methane (CH4), carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen (N2), and oxygen (O2), concentrations of up to 70%, 11%, 14.8%, and 4.1%, respectively. At the OLR and Vup of 10.9 kg COD/m3d and 0.85 m/h, respectively, the EGSB produced 16.7 L/d of biogas. The EGSB anaerobic pre-treatment resulted in stable treatment efficiencies for the removal of organic constituents, as well as biogas production without adding an external carbon source. The MBR post-treatment satisfactorily operated at a feed flowrate of up to 33.7 L/d, OLR of 2.3 and 3.1 kg COD/m3d for the anoxic and aerobic zones, respectively, and an HRT of approximately 0.41 h for both zones. The average CODt removal achieved was 86%. The dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration of 2.1 mg/L in the anoxic zone combined with an aeration rate and DO concentration of 11.8 L/min and 5.7 mg/L, in the aerobic zone resulted in NH4+; NO3-; and orthophosphate (PO43-), removal rates up to 90%; 55% and 39%, respectively. However, the MBR post-treatment did not decrease the orthophosphate concentration to within the SANS 241:2011 drinking water standards. The integrated EGSB-MBR treatment for SDIW was able to achieve an overall CODt removal efficiency of up to 94%. Although the MBR performance was successful the EC, TDS, PO43-, and colour concentrations in the ultrafiltration (UF) permeate did not meet the CCT’s industrial wastewater standards by-law (2006) as well as the SANS’ drinking water standards 241:2011 and required further treatment for reuse.
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Smeby, Kristen Lyn. "Occurrence and fate of fluoroquinolone antibiotics in wastewater treatment systems." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/19914.
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KUPFERLE, MARGARET JANE. "FACTORS AFFECTING ELECTROLYTIC TREATMENT OF WASTEWATER CONTAINING DIRECT RED 83, A COPPER-COMPLEXED AZO DYE." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1013085676.
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Capar, Goksen. "Development Of A Membrane Based Treatment Scheme For Water Recovery From Textile Effluents." Phd thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12605839/index.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
A membrane based treatment scheme was developed for the recovery of the print dyeing wastewaters (PDWs) and the acid dye bath wastewaters (ADBWs) of carpet manufacturing industry. The treatment schemes were developed by selecting the best pre-treatment and treatment processes among the alternatives of chemical precipitation (CP), microfiltration (MF), ultrafiltration (UF) and nanofiltration (NF). The best process train for PDW was CP+NF, where organic matter, color, turbidity and total hardness were removed at >95%. The alternative process train CP+UF also removed color and turbidity almost completely, however organic matter rejection was low, being 25% at highest. The quality of NF permeates were suitable for dyeing of light colors whereas UF permeates were suggested for washing of the printed carpets or dyeing of the dark colors. The best process train for ADBW was MF (1.0 mm)+NF, where organic matter rejection increased from 65% to 97% due to pH neutralization. Alternatively, sequential NF was required up to three stages in order to achieve similarly high rejections at the acidic pH of ADBW. Therefore, pH neutralization was realized to be a very important operational parameter affecting the treatment scheme. Although pH neutralization increased the flux declines by almost 5%, chemical cleaning was very effective to restore the original fluxes. Finally, ADBW was mixed with PDW, which already had a pH around neutral, so that the pH of ADBW would rise towards neutral without chemical consumption. The results suggested that these wastewaters could be treated together as long as they were mixed up to equal volumes at pH around neutral. Therefore, a final treatment scheme, which involved single NF for the mixture of PDW and ADBW, following their individual pre-treatment stages, was proposed as the most efficient process train.
40
Harrison, Timothy Dane. "Characterization and treatment of wastewater form blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) processing facilities /." This resource online, 1993. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-02132009-172211/.
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Scampini, Amanda C. "Upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactors for treatment of wastewater from the brewery industry." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/59712.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, 2010."February 2010." Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 61-64).
Anaerobic digestion can be utilized to convert industrial wastewater into clean water and energy. The goal of this project was to set up lab-scale anaerobic digesters to collect data that will be used to develop and validate a predictive monitoring and controls solution to improve digester performance. The research project involved the design, construction, and instrumentation of lab-scale anaerobic digestion reactors to be used for the treatment of brewery wastewater. Useful parameters for monitoring the health of the digesters were identified and techniques for measuring each parameter were evaluated to determine the best analytical methods. A synthetic brewery wastewater was prepared and the reactors were operated until a stable steady-state was achieved. Data was collected to evaluate the anaerobic digesters from start-up to steady-state, and controlled variations were implemented in order to obtain transient data for the supervisory model. Initial perturbations in organic loading rate and influent pH suggest that gas composition and gas production appear to be the best on-line monitoring parameters to indicate changes in reactor conditions.
by Amanda C. Scampini.
S.M.
42
Indermuhle, Chloé. "Textile lumineux pour le traitement de l'eau par photocatalyse." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10157.
Full textAbstract:
L'objectif de ce travail de thèse était de tester le textile lumineux en termes de performances photocatalytiques en milieu aqueux. La durabilité des textiles face à une exposition prolongée à une irradiation UVA a été testée. Les tests ont mis en évidence un problème de vieillissement des tissus enduits de TiO2, induisant l'apparition d'une inhomogénéité de l'émission de lumière sur la surface du textile. Un modèle mathématique a été développé afin d'exprimer et de prévoir ce vieillissement en fonction du temps d'exposition aux UVA. Le dépôt d'une couche protectrice de silice a permis de résoudre ce problème de vieillissement. Parallèlement, les textiles lumineux enduits de TiO2 ont été caractérisés. La localisation de SiO2 et TiO2 par MEBE et analyse EDX a été démontrée comme étant homogène sur la surface des fibres optiques, mise à part pour le dépôt de TiO2 P25 localise en amas. La quantité de photocatalyseur déposé sur les textiles ainsi que l'absorbance des dépôts ont été évaluées. L'étude de l'adhérence des dépôts a démontré la stabilité du TiO2. Enfin, les performances photocatalytiques des différents textiles enduits de photocatalyseur ont été testées sur la dégradation de deux polluants modèles, l'acide formique et le phenol, en réacteur ferme. L'étude de la vitesse de dégradation en fonction de la masse de TiO2 a permis de déterminer la masse optimum (environ 2mg cm-2). Des rendements photoniques de l'ordre de 30 à 55% dans le cas de l'acide formique et de 6 à 8% pour le phenol ont été obtenus. Un réacteur pilote plan, ouvert, a permis de confirmer les résultats obtenus et ouvre la voie à une configuration multicouche, en vue d'une application industrielleThe objective of this thesis was to test luminous textiles in terms of photocatalytic performances in aqueous medium. The durability of textile under long-time UVA irradiation was tested. Results showed the aging of luminous textile coated by TiO2, involving an inhomogeneity of light emission on the overall surface of the textile. A mathematical model was developed to express and predict the aging depending on the time of exposure to UVA. Also, a protective layer of silica allows avoiding the optical fiber aging. In parallel, luminous textiles coated by TiO2 were characterized. The location of SiO2 and TiO2 by ESEM and EDX analysis was shown to be uniform over the surface of optical fibers textiles, except for TiO2 P25 coating, located in clusters. The amount of photocatalyst deposited on the textiles, and the absorbance of the coatings were determined. Moreover, the study of coating adhesion demonstrated excellent adhesion and stability of the photocatalyst layer. Finally, the photocatalytic performances of the different TiO2 coatings were tested for degradation of two model pollutants, formic acid and phenol, in batch reactor. The study of the evolution of the degradation rate with the mass of photocatalyst was used to determine the optimum mass of TiO2 (about 2mg cm-2). Photonic yields ranging from 30 to 55% in the case of formic acid and 6 to 8% in the case of phenol were obtained. A continuous plan pilot reactor confirmed the results and opens the way for a multi-layer configuration, for industrial application
43
Howard, Samuel Clarence. "The effect of three holding tank chemicals on anaerobic wastewater treatment." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/45158.
Full textAbstract:
Sewage-holding tanks aboard recreational boats store human wastes, thereby preventing the direct discharge of wastewater to the aquatic environment. Water-conserving toilets and limited holding tank volumes produce a highly concentrated waste that must be periodically dumped to a wastewater treatment system. Prior to disposal, many boat operators add commercial preparations to control odors produced in their chemical toilets and holding tanks.
The objective of this study was to determine the effects of three holding-tank chemicals on anaerobic wastewater treatment. Specifically, septic-tank performance with respect to effluent total suspended solids (TSS) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) was evaluated. Potential drain-field failure was the concern that led to the selection of TSS and COD. Drain-field failure could result from high solids carry-over or from a high concentration of COD in the effluent which would promote excessive bio-mat growth and clog the system. Laboratory septic tanks were constructed and operated for this evaluation.
Methanol, paraformaldehyde and formaldehyde were each listed as an active ingredient in one of three chemical compounds used by recreational boat owners to deodorize sewage-holding tanks. septic-tank effluent TSS concentrations were not adversely effected by the shockloading with wastewater containing these chemicals. Concentrations expected to be achieved by dilution (20 and 50 percent of the recommended additive dose) resulted in septic-tank effluent COD within an acceptable range, which was determined by operation of a control system. Wastewaters containing these concentrations were not detrimental to the septic-tank treatment system. However, the full manufacturers' recommended dose of the odor control chemicals disrupted the system's ability to degrade COD. At full strength, the para formaldehyde and formaldehyde deodorants were particularly detrimental; no recovery occurred after the two-day shock-dose was completed.Master of Science
44
Dong, Bingfeng. "Application of Water/Wastewater Treatment in Trace Organic Compounds Removal and Other Industry Sectors." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/333205.
Full textAbstract:
Wastewater reuse is fast becoming an imperative issue based on the developments in water/wastewater engineering coupled with increasing pressures on water resources. Trace organic compounds (TOrCs) that exist in water/wastewater, are a serious threat once they were released in the environment. During the past decade, there has been much progress toward understanding the occurrence, fate and toxicology of trace organic pollutants that enter the environment in treated wastewater. The objective of the first part of this research was to evaluate the combined effects of sequential anaerobic/aerobic digestion on residual TOrCs, concentrating on chemicals that are responsible for observed estrogenic/androgenic activities in biosolids. Full-scale digestion was simulated using bench-scale bioreactors in which the primary independent variables were retention time, temperature, and oxygen loading during aerobic digestion. Treatment-dependent changes in estrogenic/androgenic activity and concentrations of specific Endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) were measured. Results suggest that standard mesophilic anaerobic digestion increases the total estrogenic/androgenic activity of sludge while aerobic digestion was effective in the reduction of estrogenic/androgenic activity as a supplementary treatment stage. The second part of the study was focused on the fate of TOrCs and estrogenic activity in water and sediment of the Santa Cruz River, which is effluent dependent except during infrequent periods of rainfall/runoff in Tucson area. Several sampling campaigns were carried out from 2011 to 2013. Results suggest that some organic TOrCs, including those that contribute to estrogenic activity, were rapidly attenuated with distance and time of travel in the Santa Cruz River. Indirect photolysis of estrogenic compounds through the river might play an important role for the observation of estrogenic activity changes in the SCR. Hydrophobic TOrCs may accumulate in river sediments during dry weather periods. Riverbed sediment quality is periodically improved through storm-related scouring during periods of heavy rainfall and runoff. Wastewater effluent can be applied to the algal biodiesel industry based on regional water stress across the world. In the third part of the research, reclaimed wastewater was explored for this purpose, simultaneously satisfying the needs for water, macronutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus, and micronutrients necessary for growth of microalgae. At the same time, algal growth in conventionally treated wastewater will improve water quality through the same nutrient removal processes and perhaps by lowering residual levels of trace organics that are an impediment to potable reuse. Results showed that metals levels in most municipal wastewaters are unlikely to disrupt growth, at least by metals tolerant microalgae like Nannochloropsis salina. Cells can grow without inhibition on nutrients from treated municipal wastewater or a centrate stream derived from wastewater treatment. The results also suggest while wastewater provides a suitable nutrient source for algal growth, there is simply not enough municipal wastewater available to support a meaningful biofuels industry without water recycling and nutrient recovery/reuse from spent algae. The last part of the dissertation was the application of water/wastewater treatment techniques, specifically advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) in other industrial sectors. In the integrated circuit production industry, chemical formulations used for megasonic cleaning typically contain hydroxides, peroxides and carbonates, which can affect particle removal efficiency and feature damage. The role of carbonates and ammonia in modulating the oxidation power of megasonic irradiated alkaline solutions through the scavenging of hydroxyl radicals by varying levels of carbonates, bicarbonates, ammonia and solution temperatures on net generation of hydroxyl radicals for applications in semiconductor industry was investigated in this study. The simulation of actual megasonic cleaning process was carried out at acoustic frequency of ~ 1 MHz and different power densities. Carbonate ions were better scavengers of hydroxyl radicals than bicarbonate ions. The effect of bulk solution temperature revealed that the rate of generation of hydroxyl radicals at a power density of 8 W/cm² increased with temperature from 10-30°C, which suggests an increase of transient cavitation with temperature.
45
WIMMER, ANA CHRISTINA SOUZA. "APPLICATION OF THE ELECTROLYTIC PROCESS IN THE TREATMENT OF WASTEWATER FROM A PETROCHEMICAL INDUSTRY." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2007. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=11608@1.
Full textAbstract:
CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOA indústria petroquímica constitui um dos mais importantes setores industriais no Brasil. A grande diversidade dos processos de fabricação praticados faz aumentar a necessidade de caracterização dos efluentes gerados em cada planta industrial. Em geral, os efluentes apresentam elevado teor de matéria orgânica, cuja remoção é necessária para atender às normas técnicas de descarte de efluentes industriais. Um dos processos de tratamento utilizados é a coagulação química seguida de tratamento biológico. Na coagulação química, sais de alumínio ou ferro são usados como coagulantes. Devido às grandes flutuações de carga orgânica, as quais dificultam a dosagem do coagulante, buscam-se alternativas para aprimorar o tratamento. Neste contexto, a eletrocoagulação pode servir como alternativa à coagulação química ou como pré-tratamento. O presente trabalho consistiu de ensaios de coagulação química (Jar Test) e de eletrocoagulação em escala de laboratório, utilizando efluentes gerados em uma indústria petroquímica fabricante de borracha sintética. Os ensaios permitiram comparar as eficiências de remoção de matéria orgânica por eletrocoagulação e por coagulação química, bem como comparar as eficiências desses tratamentos em escala de laboratório com aquelas obtidas na etapa de tratamento físico-químico (coagulação química e floculação) da ETEI - Estação de Tratamento de Efluentes Industriais da indústria citada. Em todos os casos, as eficiências de remoção de carga orgânica foram avaliadas pela DQO (Demanda Química de Oxigênio). Nos ensaios de coagulação química em laboratório, utilizou-se como coagulante o sulfato de alumínio. Os parâmetros investigados foram o pH ótimo de coagulação e a dosagem ótima de coagulante. Os ensaios do processo eletrolítico foram realizados em batelada com eletrodos de alumínio. Os parâmetros investigados foram a temperatura, o potencial aplicado, o pH inicial, a distância entre eletrodos, o número de eletrodos e o desgaste dos mesmos. As eficiências de remoção de DQO pelo processo de eletrocoagulação apresentaram valores até três vezes maiores que a média mensal obtida na ETEI da indústria em questão, pelo processo de coagulação química e floculação, no período da coleta das amostras, indicando a possibilidade de aplicação do tratamento eletrolítico ao efluente estudado.
The petrochemical industry constitutes one of the most important industrial sectors in Brazil. The great diversity of processes of manufacture makes to increase the necessity of characterization of the effluents generated in each industrial plant. In general, the effluents presents high grade of organic matter, whose removal is necessary to expect to the technical standards of discarding of industrials wastewaters. One of the used processes of treatment is the chemical coagulation followed by biological treatment. In chemical coagulation, aluminum or iron salts are used as coagulants. Because of the large fluctuations of organic load, which makes difficult the dosage of the coagulant, alternatives are being looked for the improvement of the treatment. In this context, the electrocoagulation may be an alternative to the chemical coagulation or can serve as a preliminar treatment. The present work consisted of assays of chemical coagulation (Jar Test) and of electrocoagulation in scale of laboratory, using effluent generated in a petrochemical industry manufacturer of synthetic rubber. The assays had allowed to compare the efficiencies of removal of organic matter by electrocoagulation and chemical coagulation, as well as comparing the efficiencies of these treatments in scale of laboratory with those gotten in the stage of treatment physical- chemical (chemical coagulation and flocculation) of Industrial Effluent Treatment Station of the cited industry. In all the cases, the efficiencies of organic load removal had been evaluated by the COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand). In the chemical coagulation experiments in laboratory, the aluminum sulphate was used as coagulant. The investigated parameters have been pH excellent of coagulation and the excellent dosage of coagulant. The assays of the electrolytic process had been carried through in batch with aluminum electrodes. The investigated parameters have been the temperature, the applied potential, pH initial, the distance between electrodes, the number of electrodes and the consuming of them. The efficiencies of COD removal for the electrocoagulation process reached values up to three times higher that the monthly average observed in the treatment station of the studied industry in the chemical coagulation and flocculation stage. The results indicate the possibility of application of the process in the treatment of the studied effluent.
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Ntiribinyange, Mary Solange. "Degradation of textile wastewater using ultra-small Β-Feooh/Tio2 heterojunction structure as a visible light photocatalyst." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2467.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MTech (Chemical Engineering))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2016.The worldwide high demand for drinking water has led to the development of numerous advanced wastewater treatment processes. Photocatalysis has recently become an alternative and attractive technique for green energy production and environmental remediation. It is also a wastewater treatment technique which is considered reliable and is expected to provide a sustainable solution to the scarcity of clean water. In particular, heterogeneous photocatalysts based on TiO2 nanoparticles and sunlight have been proposed as a powerful technique for degradation and mineralisation of persistent organic pollutants (POP`s). Although this method seems promising, some critical challenges are still to be addressed: namely, low photoefficiencies, faster electron and hole (𝑒−⁄ℎ+) pair recombination, utilisation of UV light and catalyst removal after treatment of pollutants.
47
Harrison, Timothy Dane. "Characterization and treatment of wastewater from blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) processing facilities." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/41079.
Full textAbstract:
The process wastewater from three blue crab processing
plants in Virginia was characterized. Most of these
effluent streams were highly concentrated. For example, the
retort water from the cookers exhibited the following
concentrations: BOD5 = 14,000-29,000 mg/L, TSS = 650-6,200
mg/L, TKN-N = 2,500-4,000 mg/L, NH3-N = 70-160 mg/L and
Total Phosphorus= 100-185 mg/L. One process effluent
contained chloride concentrations exceeding 100,000 mg/L.
Analysis of production and effluent characterization data from two mechanized plants revealed that wastewater volumes and concentrations varied significantly between the two plants. Both plants exhibited highly variable daily and seasonal production.
Treatability studies were completed on the process wastewater because discharge limits exist for TSS, Oil and Grease and in some cases BODs and ammonia. Settling and filtration studies were performed on these effluents. The organics and nutrients in the wastes were highly soluble and limited reduction of COD (18-65% reduction), BOD5 (9-49% reduction), TKN-N (9-62% reduction), and TP (10-66%) was achieved by filtration.
Acidification of the concentrated effluents caused some coagulation of the contents. Coagulation by pH adjustment was most effective between pH 3.0-4.0. TSS removals of 76- 93%, and BOD5 removals of 6-30% were achieved by pH adjustment, thereby showing promise as a pretreatment method.
Anaerobic biological treatment systems appear promising for
the treatment of wastewater from blue crab processing plants
(effluent BOD5s ranged from 150-420 mg/L), especially for
cooker effluent. However, there is concern that salt from
the Harris Claw operation will decrease anaerobic treatment
performance and that effluent NH3 and TSS levels will need
to be further reduced to meet permit limits. Pretreatment
of process wastewater by means of pH adjustment did not
improve anaerobic treatability.
Master of Science
48
Kang, Young Woon. "Biological treatment of turkey processing wastewater with sand filtration." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1078903968.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2003.Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xxi, 187 p.; also includes graphic (some col.). Includes abstract and vita. Advisor: Karen M. Mancl, Dept. of Food, Agricultural, and Biological Engineering. Includes bibliographical references (p. 169-178).
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Seyffert, Hans J. "Use of polymers and a surfactant in the treatment of Kraft process wastewater." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/43053.
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This study-investigated the use of cationic polymers,
and a surfactant, EHDABr, in the color removal treatment of
Kraft pulp and paper wastewater. Four polymers were evaluated for their color removal performance by jar test
procedures. The polymers removed between 77 and 87% of the
wastewater color. The affect of pH upon polymer performance
varied with the polymer tested. Powdered activated carbon
addition improved the performance of the polymers.
The color removal ability of EHDABr was evaluated by
jar test, and by continuous-flow foam flotation.. EHDABr
removed 77% of the wastewater color by jar test and was
relatively unaffected by pH variation. The addition of
powdered activated carbon improved EHDABr performance in jar tests.
EHDABr removed 90% of the wastewater color by continuous-flow, foam flotation. Color bodies were precipitated in the foaming system before being removed by flotation. Total suspended solids removal improved with increasing column detention time.Master of Science
50
Dogan, Bugce. "Assessment Of The Best Available Wastewater Management Techniques For A Textile Mill: Cost And Benefit Analysis." Master's thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12609961/index.pdf.
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The Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control (IPPC) Directive from the European Union strives to achieve a high level of environmental protection by preventing or reducing the pollution emanating from industrial installations directly at the source. The Directive implies that the emission limit values should be set in accordance with each industry&rsquos Best Available Techniques (BAT). In the present study, water recovery and wastewater treatability alternatives developed beforehand were evaluated towards the evaluation of BATs for the management of wastewaters from a denim textile mill. For this purpose, an assessment that translates the key environmental aspects into a quantitative measure of environmental performance and also financial analysis were performed for each of the alternatives. The alternatives considered for water recovery from dyeing wastewaters were nanofiltration (NF) with coagulation and/or microfiltration (MF) pretreatment, ozonation or peroxone and Fenton oxidation. On the other hand, for the end-of-pipe treatment of the mill&rsquo
s mixed wastewater
ozonation, Fenton oxidation, membrane bioreactor (MBR) and activated sludge process followed by membrane filtration technologies were evaluated. The results have indicated that membrane filtration process providing 70 % water recovery with the least environmental impacts is the BAT for water recovery. On the other side, MBR technology has appeared as the BAT for the end-of-pipe treatment of the mill&rsquo
s mixed wastewater. A technical and financial comparison of these two BAT alternatives revealed that water recovery via membrane filtration from dyeing wastewaters is selected as the BAT for the water and wastewater management in the mill.