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1
Folić, Radomir, and Damir Zenunović. "Textile reinforced concrete." Tekstilna industrija 71, no. 3 (2023): 13–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/tekstind2303013f.
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Textile-reinforced concrete (TRC) is a reinforced concrete, where steel reinforcement is replaced with textiles or fibers. Textile reinforcement is a material consisting of natural or synthetic singular technical fibres processed into yarns or rovings which are woven into multi-axial textile fabrics having an open mesh or grid structure. In the paper an overview of tests results related to mechanical properties, deformation properties and durability characteristics of textile meshs are presented. Applications of different textiles as reinforcement in TRC is analyzed through some realized projects. TRC has been successfully employed for strengthening or repair of damaged structural elements and lightweight, thin structural elements (precast thin-walled elements, shells, tanks, pipes, pedestrian bridge, waterproofing structure, integrated cladding systems, external insulation system).
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Venigalla, Sanjay Gokul, Abu Bakar Nabilah, Noor Azline Mohd Nasir, Nor Azizi Safiee, and Farah Nora Aznieta Abd Aziz. "Textile-Reinforced Concrete as a Structural Member: A Review." Buildings 12, no. 4 (April 12, 2022): 474. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12040474.
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Textile-reinforced concrete (TRC) is a form of reinforced concrete, where conventional reinforcement is replaced with textiles or fibers. The high tenacity of the textile fibers results in flexible and durable concrete structures. The literature has been limited to TRC applications in retrofitting and nonstructural applications. Therefore, this article attempts to detangle the progressive research direction on the usage of TRC as a structural member. For this, (i) a bibliometric study using scientometrics analysis to visualize the keyword network, and (ii) qualitative discussions on identified research areas were performed. The literature was categorized into four main research areas, namely material properties of TRC, composite behavior of TRC, bond-slip relations, and TRC applications as structural elements. In addition, the advantages and disadvantages in the usage of TRC as a structural member are discussed in association with the identified research areas. Furthermore, the article proposes future directions to reinforce the research on the usage of TRC as a structural element.
3
Alrshoudi, Fahed. "Textile-Reinforced Concrete Versus Steel-Reinforced Concrete in Flexural Performance of Full-Scale Concrete Beams." Crystals 11, no. 11 (October 20, 2021): 1272. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst11111272.
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The effectiveness of textile-reinforced concrete (TRC) and steel-reinforced concrete (SRC) in the flexural performance of rectangular concrete beams was investigated in this study. To better understand TRC behaviour, large-scale concrete beams of 120 × 200 × 2600 mm were tested and analysed in this work. Cover thickness, anchoring, and various layouts were all taken into consideration to assess the performance of beams. In addition, bi-axial and uni-axial TRC beams and SRC beams were classified according to the sort and arrangement of reinforcements. The findings showed that anchoring the textiles at both ends enhanced load resistance and prevented sliding. The ultimate load of the tow type of textile reinforcement was higher, attributed to the increased bond. Variations in cover thickness also change the ultimate load and deflection, according to the findings. Consequently, in this investigation, the ideal cover thickness was determined to be 30 mm. Furthermore, for the similar area of reinforcements, the ultimate load of TRC beams was noted up to 56% higher than that of the SRC control beam, while the deflection was roughly 37% lower.
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Alrshoudi, Fahed. "Behaviour of Textile-Reinforced Concrete Beams versus Steel-Reinforced Concrete Beams." Advances in Civil Engineering 2021 (February 19, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6696945.
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There has been a rising interest in utilising textile reinforcement such as carbon tows in constructing concrete components to enhance the performance of conventional reinforced concrete. Textile-reinforced concrete (TRC) has been used as a construction material mostly as primary reinforcement. However, the structural performance of TRC members has not been investigated in depth. Therefore, to better understand TRC beams’ behaviour under bending load, a widespread experimental investigation was conducted. The results of tensile stress-strain, load-deflection, moment-curvature, and tension stiffening behaviours of TRC beams were associated with conventional steel-reinforced concrete (SRC) beams. In this study, the four-point bending and tensile strength tests were performed. The results revealed that, unlike the stress-strain behaviour observed in steel, textile reinforcement does not exhibit yielding strain. The flexural behaviour of TRC beams shows no similarity to that of SRC beams at postcracking formation. Besides, the moment capacity and tension stiffening of TRC beams were found 56% and 7 times higher than those of SRC beams, respectively. Therefore, in light of these results, it can be said that TRC beams behaviour differs from that of SRC beams.
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Kalthoff, Matthias, Cynthia Morales Cruz, Michael Raupach, and Thomas Matschei. "Material‐minimised construction with extruded textile reinforced concrete." ce/papers 6, no. 6 (December 2023): 797–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cepa.2827.
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AbstractThe use of textile reinforced concrete (TRC) is particularly suitable for producing sustainable, material‐minimised components, as it allows for a significant reduction in the amount of concrete cover required compared to steel reinforced concrete (SRC). Instead of steel, fibres made of glass, aramid or carbon are used as reinforcement, which are processed from rovings into textiles with a polymer or mineral impregnation. Among these, carbon reinforcements have the highest tensile strength and alkali resistance, making them the most durable in concrete and requiring less maintenance over time. An innovative approach is the production of TRC structures by means of extrusion, in which the stiff, fresh concrete is continuously pressed through a shaping mouthpiece, giving the product its final shape. Within the scope of the CRC/Transregio 280, a new mouthpiece was developed that enables the horizontal introduction of stiff, impregnated textiles. The carbon TRC produced in this process showed a textile stress of up to 4,000 MPa. Additionally, solutions are presented that allow the characterization of stiff, fresh concrete and technical limits for shaping fresh, extruded TRC elements. The potential of this new production method is illustrated through the example of a compound component made of extruded TRC elements.
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Vlach, Tomáš, Alexandru Chira, Lenka Laiblová, Ctislav Fiala, Magdaléna Novotná, and Petr Hájek. "Numerical Simulation of Cohesion Influence of Textile Reinforcement on Bending Performance of Plates Prepared from High Performance Concrete (HPC)." Advanced Materials Research 1106 (June 2015): 69–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1106.69.
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Demand for very thin concrete elements, which can’t be reinforced with usually used steel reinforcement, gave rise to a new type of non-traditional reinforcement with technical textiles in matrix of epoxy resin. This type of reinforcement together with concrete is called textile reinforced concrete (TRC). Composite reinforcement is very chemically resistant, so the concrete cover is proposed to regard the durability. It allows a significant saving of concrete and design of thinner elements. For TRC structures is used high performance concrete (HPC) with its fine grained structure and high compressive strength. Textile reinforcement and TRC in general are developed at the Faculty of Civil Engineering and the Klokner Institute, CTU in Prague.
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Tran, Tien Manh, Tu Ngoc Do, Ha Thu Thi Dinh, Hong Xuan Vu, and Emmanuel Ferrier. "A 2-D numerical model of the mechanical behavior of the textile-reinforced concrete composite material: effect of textile reinforcement ratio." Journal of Mining and Earth Sciences 61, no. 3 (June 30, 2020): 51–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.46326/jmes.2020.61(3).06.
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The textile-reinforced concrete composite material (TRC) consists of a mortar/concrete matrix and reinforced by multi-axial textiles (carbon fiber, glass fiber, basalt fiber, etc.). This material has been used widely and increasingly to reinforce and/or strengthen the structural elements of old civil engineering structures thanks to its advantages. This paper presents a numerical approach at the mesoscale for the mechanical behavior of TRC composite under tensile loading. A 2-D finite element model was constructed in ANSYS MECHANICAL software by using the codes. The experimental results on basalt TRC composite from the literature were used as input data in the numerical model. As numerical results, the basalt TRC provides a strain-hardening behavior with three phases, depending on the number of basalt textile layers. In comparison with the experimental results, it could be found an interesting agreement between both results. A parametric study shows the significant influence of the reinforcement ratio on the ultimate strength of the TRC composite. The successful finite element modeling of TRC specimens provides an economical and alternative solution to expensive experimental investigations.
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You, Jungbhin, Jongho Park, Sun-Kyu Park, and Sungnam Hong. "Experimental Study on the Flexural Behavior of Steel-Textile-Reinforced Concrete: Various Textile Reinforcement Details." Applied Sciences 10, no. 4 (February 20, 2020): 1425. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10041425.
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In this study, one reinforced concrete specimen and six textile reinforced concrete (TRC) specimens were produced to analyze the flexural behavior of steel-textile-reinforced concrete. The TRC specimen was manufactured using a total of four variables: textile reinforcement amount, textile reinforcement hook, textile mesh type, textile lay out form. Flexural performance increases with textile reinforcement amount, textile reinforcement hook type and textile reinforcement mesh type. The flexural performance was improved when physical hooks were used. Furthermore, textile reinforcement was verified as being effective at controlling the deflection.
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Yin, Hong Yu, Yong Xun, Chen Bin Ji, and Shuai Sun. "Experimental Investigation of Concrete Confinement with Textile Reinforced Concrete." Applied Mechanics and Materials 752-753 (April 2015): 702–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.752-753.702.
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Mechanical property and constraint mechanism of concrete cylinders confined by TRC under uniaxial compression is analyzed. 24 concrete cylinders confined by TRC and 8 unconfined concrete cylinders are loaded under uniaxial compression to investigate the performance based on textile ratio, section dimension and strength of concrete. Based on the test results, stress process and failure mechanism of strengthened members is studied, stress-strain relationship of strengthened members is researched, effect of ratio of textile reinforcement, section dimension and concrete strength on ultimate strength of strengthened members is also evaluated. The results show strengthened members showed increasing in strength and deformation. Strengthened members showed drum-shaped shear damage. With the increasing of textile ratio, the confining effect of TRC on the concrete increases. With the increasing of section dimension, the confining effect of TRC on the concrete decreases. The confining effect of TRC on low strength concrete is stronger.
10
Mattarollo, Giorgio, Norbert Randl, and Margherita Pauletta. "Investigation of the Failure Modes of Textile-Reinforced Concrete and Fiber/Textile-Reinforced Concrete under Uniaxial Tensile Tests." Materials 16, no. 5 (February 28, 2023): 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16051999.
Full textAbstract:
Recently, innovations in textile-reinforced concrete (TRC), such as the use of basalt textile fabrics, the use of high-performance concrete (HPC) matrices, and the admixture of short fibers in a cementitious matrix, have led to a new material called fiber/textile-reinforced concrete (F/TRC), which represents a promising solution for TRC. Although these materials are used in retrofit applications, experimental investigations about the performance of basalt and carbon TRC and F/TRC with HPC matrices number, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, only a few. Therefore, an experimental investigation was conducted on 24 specimens tested under the uniaxial tensile, in which the main variables studied were the use of HPC matrices, different materials of textile fabric (basalt and carbon), the presence or absence of short steel fibers, and the overlap length of the textile fabric. From the test results, it can be seen that the mode of failure of the specimens is mainly governed by the type of textile fabric. Carbon-retrofitted specimens showed higher post-elastic displacement compared with those retrofitted with basalt textile fabrics. Short steel fibers mainly affected the load level of first cracking and ultimate tensile strength.
11
Vlach, Tomáš, Lenka Laiblová, Michal Ženíšek, Alexandru Chira, Anuj Kumar, and Petr Hájek. "The Effect of Surface Treatments of Textile Reinforcement on Mechanical Parameters of HPC Facade Elements." Key Engineering Materials 677 (January 2016): 203–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.677.203.
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Development of extremely thin concrete structures and demand for extremely thin elements are the reason of using composite non-traditional materials as reinforcement. Steel reinforcement is not very chemically resistant and it limits the thickness because of the required concrete cover as protection. This is the reason why textile reinforced concrete (TRC) going to be very famous and modern material. TRC in combination with fine grain high performance concrete (HPC) allows a significant saving of concrete. Due to its non-corrosive properties of composite technical textiles it is possible to design very subtle structures and elements. TRC and HPC in general are developed at the Faculty of Civil Engineering and the Klokner Institute, CTU in Prague. This present paper investigates the cohesion influence of textile reinforcement on four point bending test. All small experimental panels were reinforced with the same 3D technical textile from AR-glass roving with different type of cover layer. Different conditions of interaction between technical textiles and HPC were ensured by modified surface using silica sand and silica flour.
12
Murcia, Daniel Heras, Bekir Çomak, Eslam Soliman, and Mahmoud M. Reda Taha. "Flexural Behavior of a Novel Textile-Reinforced Polymer Concrete." Polymers 14, no. 1 (January 2, 2022): 176. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14010176.
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Textile reinforced concrete (TRC) has gained attention from the construction industry due to its light weight, high tensile strength, design flexibility, corrosion resistance, and remarkably long service life. Some structural applications that utilize TRC components include precast panels, structural repair, waterproofing elements, and façades. TRC is produced by incorporating textile fabrics into thin cementitious concrete panels. Premature debonding between the textile fabric and concrete due to improper cementitious matrix impregnation of the fibers was identified as a failure-governing mechanism. To overcome this performance limitation, in this study, a novel type of TRC is proposed by replacing the cement binder with a polymer resin to produce textile reinforced polymer concrete (TRPC). The new TRPC is created using a fine-graded aggregate, methyl methacrylate polymer resin, and basalt fiber textile fabric. Four different specimen configurations were manufactured by embedding 0, 1, 2, and 3 textile layers in concrete. Flexural performance was analyzed and compared with reference TRC specimens with similar compressive strength and reinforcement configurations. Furthermore, the crack pattern intensity was determined using an image processing technique to quantify the ductility of TRPC compared with conventional TRC. The new TRPC improved the moment capacity compared with TRC by 51%, 58%, 59%, and 158%, the deflection at peak load by 858%, 857%, 3264%, and 3803%, and the toughness by 1909%, 3844%, 2781%, and 4355% for 0, 1, 2, and 3 textile layers, respectively. TRPC showed significantly improved flexural capacity, superior ductility, and substantial plasticity compared with TRC.
13
Scheurer, Martin, Danny Friese, Paul Penzel, Gözdem Dittel, Shantanu Bhat, Vanessa Overhage, Lars Hahn, Kira Heins, Chokri Cherif, and Thomas Gries. "Current and Future Trends in Textiles for Concrete Construction Applications." Textiles 3, no. 4 (October 17, 2023): 408–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/textiles3040025.
Full textAbstract:
Textile-reinforced concrete (TRC) is a composite material consisting of a concrete matrix with a high-performance reinforcement made of technical textiles. TRC offers unique mechanical properties for the construction industry, enabling the construction of lightweight, material-minimized structures with high load-bearing potential. In addition, compared with traditional concrete design, TRC offers unique possibilities to realize free-form, double-curved structures. After more than 20 years of research, TRC is increasingly entering the market, with several demonstrator elements and buildings completed and initial commercialization successfully finished. Nevertheless, research into this highly topical area is still ongoing. In this paper, the authors give an overview of the current and future trends in the research and application of textiles in concrete construction applications. These trends include topics such as maximizing the textile utilization rate by improving the mechanical load-bearing performance (e.g., by adapting bond behavior), increasing design freedom by utilizing novel manufacturing methods (e.g., based on robotics), adding further value to textile reinforcements by the integration of additional functions in smart textile solutions (e.g., in textile sensors), and research into increasing the sustainability of TRC (e.g., using recycled fibers).
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Karthikeyan, G., A. Leema Margret, V. Vineeth, and R. Harshani. "Experimental study on mechanical properties of Textile Reinforced Concrete (TRC)." E3S Web of Conferences 387 (2023): 04002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202338704002.
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Textile-reinforced concrete (TRC) is a variant of reinforced concrete in which textiles are used in place of steel reinforcing bars. Reinforcing the concrete with steel means increasing its tensile strength, but steel also corrodes and wears out over time. The TRC is a novel idea that has the potential to overcome these drawbacks. TRC is a composite reinforcing material that is made from cement and has the benefits of being resistant to corrosion, having a high bearing capacity, and performing well in terms of its fracture limit. The principal function of TRC in buildings has been as reinforcement and as a means of enhancing the ductility and performance of concrete. This experimental work utilizes a 145 gsm (grams squared per meter) alkali-resistant (AR) glass fiber textile mesh. Specimens were cast with and without fibers, and the number of layers was increased from 1 to 3 at 25 mm spacing. In this experimental work, the mechanical behavior of TRC was investigated by conducting tests on its impact, compressive, and flexural strengths. From these results, the TRC specimen exhibits more flexibility than the control specimen. The TRC specimen bends under force and returns to a new position when the load is removed, indicating a good energy absorption capability. As a result, it infers that the specimen with fibrehave the capacity to withstand a higher maximum load than conventional specimens. TRC has a greater fracture control system compared to conventional steel-reinforced concrete.
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Kim, Hyeong-Yeol, Young-Jun You, Gum-Sung Ryu, Kyung-Taek Koh, Gi-Hong Ahn, and Se-Hoon Kang. "Flexural Strengthening of Concrete Slab-Type Elements with Textile Reinforced Concrete." Materials 13, no. 10 (May 13, 2020): 2246. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13102246.
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This paper deals with flexural strengthening of reinforced concrete (RC) slabs with a carbon textile reinforced concrete (TRC) system. The surface coating treatment was applied to a carbon grid-type textile to increase the bond strength. Short fibers were incorporated into the matrix to mitigate the formation of shrinkage-induced cracks. The tensile properties of the TRC system were evaluated by a direct tensile test with a dumbbell-type grip method. The tensile test results indicated that the effect of the surface coating treatment of the textile on the bonding behavior of the textile within the TRC system was significant. Furthermore, the incorporation of short fibers in the matrix was effective to mitigate shrinkage-induced crack formation and to improve the tensile properties of the TRC system. Six full-scale slab specimens were strengthened with the TRC system and, subsequently, failure tested. The ultimate load-carrying capacity of the strengthened slabs was compared with that of an unstrengthened slab as well as the theoretical solutions. The failure test results indicated that the stiffness and the ultimate flexural capacity of the strengthened slab were at least 112% and 165% greater, respectively, than that of the unstrengthened slab. The test results further indicated that the strengthening effect was not linearly proportional to the amount of textile reinforcement.
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Hegger, Josef, Christian Kulas, and Michael Horstmann. "Realization of TRC Façades with Impregnated AR-Glass Textiles." Key Engineering Materials 466 (January 2011): 121–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.466.121.
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In the last 30 years, façade-panels made of steel-reinforced concrete have become less attractive for architects and clients. Due to the metallic reinforcement, the insufficient concrete covers of former design code generations and hence the material-dependent corrosion, many cases of damage occurred. Using technical textiles for a new composite material, Textile Reinforced Concrete (TRC), it is possible to produce concrete structures which are not vulnerable to corrosion. The presented ventilated large-sized façade elements and self-supporting sandwich panels exemplify the capability of TRC. In the paper, applied materials are characterized and the production process of tailor-made textile reinforcements as well as the load-bearing behavior of the members is described.
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Ngo, Dang Quang, Huy Cuong Nguyen, Dinh Loc Mai, and Van Hiep Vu. "Experimental and Numerical Evaluation of Concentrically Loaded RC Columns Strengthening by Textile Reinforced Concrete Jacketing." Civil Engineering Journal 6, no. 8 (August 1, 2020): 1428–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-2020-03091558.
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Nowadays, Textile Reinforced Concrete (TRC) has become a very popular strengthening technique for concrete structures. This paper presents an investigation on the applicability of TRC for strengthening reinforced concrete column. Both experimental and numerical studies are conducted to evaluate the confinement effects of various TRC strengthening schemes. The experimental study is performed on a series of six reinforced concrete square columns tested to failure. Two of them were un-strengthened as references, the other four were strengthened by one or two layers of Carbon Textile Reinforced Concrete (CTRC). The results indicated that the application of carbon TRC enhanced the ductility and ultimate strength of the specimens. Failure of all strengthened columns was together with tensile rupture of textile reinforcements at the corners of column. Finite element models of the CTRC strengthened columns based on ATENA software package were developed and verified with the experimental results. The analytical results show that in the specimen corner areas, textile reinforcements are subjected to a 3D complicated stress state and this may be the cause of their premature failure.
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Abd-Al-Naser, Marwa, and Ibrahim S. I. Habra. "A Review-strengthening of reinforced concrete beams with textile-reinforced concrete." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1232, no. 1 (September 1, 2023): 012024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1232/1/012024.
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Abstract Numerous problems that can occur during regular building use may necessitate the need for reinforced concrete RC members to be strengthened. An increase in live loads or structural damage is two examples. Various techniques can be used to increase load-carrying capability. Concrete reinforcement with textile-reinforced materials (TRC) is a more recent option. For almost all active forces, this strengthening procedure is appropriate. For bending, shear, torsion, or axial forces, strengthening is an option. Due to their many appealing qualities, characteristics as their high specific strength (i.e., strength to weight ratio), resistance to corrosion, the convenience of use, speedy installation, and little variation in cross-section, (TRC) have become more and more popular among structural engineers for strengthening and retrofitting projects The conclusions made from the experimental results of members made of reinforced concrete strengthened in shear suggest that textile-mortar composites greatly increase shear resistance, with the gain increasing with the number of layers. This review focuses on strengthening RC beams in flexure by textile-reinforced concrete. According to the authors, TRC jacketing is a very promising technique for increasing reinforced concrete components’ confinement, in addition to their shear and bending capability, which is necessary for seismic retrofitting and strengthening.
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Bui Thi Thanh, Mai, Cuong Nguyen Huy, Quang Ngo Dang, and Tai Dinh Huu. "Experimental study on flexural and shear behaviour of sandwich panels using glass textile reinforced concrete and autoclaved aerated concrete." Transport and Communications Science Journal 71, no. 1 (January 31, 2020): 18–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.25073/tcsj.71.1.3.
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Textile-reinforced concrete (TRC) is a new composite material made of high-strength textiles embedded within fine grained concrete (FGC). The application of TRC leads to the design of thin and slender structures or for repairing and strengthening of existing structural members. Autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) is an ultra-lightweight concrete, which can be combined with high strength TRC to form some kinds of precast curtain panels in construction. The concept of the TRC-AAC panel is based on the theory of sandwich construction with strong and stiff skins, like TRC layers, bonded to a lightweight AAC core. The resulting hybrid TRC-AAC panel can be used as structural or non-structural member for the housing construction. In this paper, the flexural and shear performance of hybrid TRC-AAC sandwich panels is presented by means of experimental results. The sandwich panels use three layers of different materials: TRC for the tensile layer, AAC for the core material and FGC for the compressive layer. Three different types of glass textile were used as reinforcements in the TRC layers.
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Pidun, Kevin, and Michael Schulze. "Designed Textile Reinforced Concrete Elements for Architectural Facade Applications." Applied Mechanics and Materials 719-720 (January 2015): 171–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.719-720.171.
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By now the application of Textile Reinforced Concrete (TRC) for facade constructions can be considered as state of the art. Especially ventilated curtain walls made of TRC and sandwich elements made in combination of TRC-layers and foam cores recently are realized in pilot projects, which are predominantly located in Aachen, Germany. Textile reinforced concrete elements for architectural facade applications give new chances for architects and engineers design.
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Hoai, Ho, Dinh Huu Tai, Nguyen Huy Cuong, Le Dang Dung, and Nguyen Thanh Tam. "Experimental investigation on the tensile strength degradation in curved reinforcement of textile reinforced concrete." Transport and Communications Science Journal 73, no. 7 (September 15, 2022): 703–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.47869/tcsj.73.7.4.
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Recently, textile reinforced concrete (TRC) has become a new approach for strengthening the existing reinforced concrete and masonry structures. When TRC wraps around the structural members, the direction of textile reinforcements changes according to the curvature radius of the structural corner. This paper presents an experimental investigation into the tensile strength degradation in curved glass and carbon reinforcement of TRC specimens. The results show that the ultimate tensile load decreases as the diameter of the semi-circle parts reduce. At the same diameter, the carbon TRC specimens have a higher tensile load-bearing capacity than glass textile-reinforced concrete. The failure modes of all the experiment cases are the fracture of the textile reinforcement in the middle of the semi-circle parts or at the transition region of the straight and curved region. The tensile strength degradation of both glass and carbon textile reinforcement has a linear relationship with the diameter of the semi-circle parts of the TRC specimens. The value only reaches up to 41% and 60% tensile strength of the individual filaments for glass and carbon fiber, respectively.
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Yin, Shiping, Yulin Yu, and Mingwang Na. "Flexural properties of load-holding reinforced concrete beams strengthened with textile-reinforced concrete under a chloride dry–wet cycle." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 14 (January 2019): 155892501984590. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1558925019845902.
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To study the reinforcement effect of textile-reinforced concrete (TRC) on concrete structures in a marine environment, a four-point bending loading method was used for graded loading to analyze the influence of the dry–wet cycle number, the reinforcement method, and chopped fiber addition on the flexural properties of load-holding reinforced concrete beams reinforced with textile-reinforced concrete. The results show that with the increase of dry–wet cycle numbers, the crack width and deflection of beams develop faster and the bearing capacity decreases. The performance of the prefabricated textile-reinforced concrete plate is close to that of a cast-in-place textile-reinforced concrete in limiting crack, bearing capacity, and deflection deformation. The addition of chopped fibers in fine-grained concrete can improve the reinforcement effect of textile-reinforced concrete. Based on the experimental results and referring to the relevant design codes and literature, the calculation formula of the bearing capacity of TRC-strengthened beam with a secondary load is established, and the calculated values are in good agreement with the actual values.
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Bhat, Shantanu, Matthias Kalthoff, Patrick Shroeder, Thomas Gries, and Thomas Matschei. "Textile Reinforced Concrete for free-form concrete elements: Influence of the binding type of textile reinforcements on the drapability for manufacturing double-curved concrete elements." MATEC Web of Conferences 364 (2022): 05019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202236405019.
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Textile reinforced concrete (TRC) is a sustainable composite material consisting of a cementitious based matrix in combination with an open meshed technical textile reinforcement made of carbon or glass fibres. In the future, TRC could be increasingly used in the form of double-curved concrete elements with the aim of producing filigree yet load-bearing concrete shell structures. To assess whether a textile is suitable as a reinforcement structure in double-curved textile concrete elements, numerous properties need to be investigated and evaluated. The most important of these include good handling properties, bending stiffness tailored to the application, sufficiently pronounced mesh openings, and defect-free drapability. In the course of this work, biaxially reinforced knitted fabrics with five different stitch types (pillar open, pillar closed, tricot counterlaid, tricot closed and plain) were investigated to evaluate the above properties. The draping tests were conducted on a robot-controlled draping test apparatus and evaluated with the aid of an optical measuring system. In addition, the geometric relationship between surface curvature of the double curved elements and the shear angle of different textiles was used to classify the influence of the stitch type on the drapability. Finally, for a given double curved geometry, based on the results the selection of an appropriate textile reinforcement which fulfil the component requirements is carried out and a double curved TRC demonstrator element is prefabricated.
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Tian, Wen Ling, and Li Min Zhang. "Study on Bond Properties of Textile Reinforced Concrete." Advanced Materials Research 639-640 (January 2013): 334–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.639-640.334.
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Textile reinforced concrete (TRC) allows the light weight structures and offers a high effectiveness of the reinforcement by using continuous yarns. The study on the bond behavior between textile and concrete matrix is significant for the development of computational methods that analyze the textile reinforced concrete. The paper analyzes the bonding constitutive model of TRC and the bonding mechanism that the stress is transferred from fine concrete to textile, pointing out quadruple linear model can accurately reflect the bond behavior between fiber and concrete, illustrates the main influences on bond between the fine grained matrix and fabrics based on the pull-out test, the result reveals that with initial bond length increasing, the maximum pull force increases, and increasing concrete strength and improving workability of concrete matrix, epoxy resin impregnating and sand covering of textile as well as prestressing textile can increase the bond strength between textile and concrete. Finally the paper proposes that epoxy resin impregnating and 0.15 ~ 0.30mm sand covering of textile can be used as a practical method of improving bond properties in the engineering.
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Wu, Chao, Yang Pan, and Libo Yan. "Mechanical Properties and Durability of Textile Reinforced Concrete (TRC)—A Review." Polymers 15, no. 18 (September 19, 2023): 3826. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15183826.
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Textile reinforced concrete (TRC) is an innovative structure type of reinforced concrete in which the conventional steel reinforcement is replaced with fibre textile materials. The thin, cost-effective and lightweight nature enable TRC to be used to create different types of structural components for architectural and civil engineering applications. This paper presents a review of recent developments of TRC. In this review, firstly, the concept and the composition of TRC are discussed. Next, interfacial bond behaviour between fibre textile (dry and/saturated with polymer) and concrete was analysed considering the effects of polymer saturation, geometry and additives in polymer of the textile. Then, the mechanical properties (including static and dynamic properties) of TRC were reviewed. For static properties, the mechanical properties including compression, tension, flexural, shear and bond properties are discussed. For dynamic properties, the impact, seismic and cyclic properties were investigated. Furthermore, the durability of TRC under different environmental conditions, i.e., temperature/fire, humidity and wet–dry cycles, freeze–thaw, chemical and fatigue were discussed. Finally, typical engineering applications of TRC were presented. The research gaps which need to be addressed in the future for TRC research were identified as well. This review aims to present the recent advancement of TRC and inspire future research of this advanced material.
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Kim, Hyeong-Yeol, Young-Jun You, Gum-Sung Ryu, Gi-Hong Ahn, and Kyung-Taek Koh. "Concrete Slab-Type Elements Strengthened with Cast-in-Place Carbon Textile Reinforced Concrete System." Materials 14, no. 6 (March 16, 2021): 1437. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14061437.
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Although carbon textile reinforcement widely used to replace the steel reinforcing bars but the bonding strength of carbon textile is generally much smaller than that of common steel bars. This study examines the strengthening effect of concrete slab-type elements strengthened in flexure by carbon textile reinforcement according to the surface coating of textile and the amount of reinforcement. The effect of the surface coating of textile on the bond strength was evaluated through a direct pullout test with four different sizes of coating material. The surface coated specimens developed bond strength approximately twice that of the uncoated specimen. The flexural strengthening effect with respect to the amount of reinforcement was investigated by a series of flexural failure tests on full-scale reinforced concrete (RC) slab specimens strengthened by textile reinforced concrete (TRC) system. The flexural failure test results revealed that the TRC system-strengthened specimens develop load-carrying capacity that is improved to at least 150% compared to the non-strengthened specimen. The strengthening performance was not significantly influenced by the textile coating and was not proportional to the amount of reinforcement when this amount was increased, owing to the change in the failure mode. The outstanding constructability afforded by TRC strengthening was verified through field applications executing TRC strengthening by shotcreting on a concrete box culvert.
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Kim, Hyeong-Yeol, Young-Jun You, and Gum-Sung Ryu. "Reinforced Concrete Slabs Strengthened with Carbon Textile Grid and Cementitious Grout." Materials 14, no. 17 (September 3, 2021): 5046. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14175046.
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A textile reinforced concrete (TRC) system has been widely used for repair and strengthening of deteriorated reinforced concrete (RC) structures. This paper proposes an accelerated on-site installation method of a TRC system by grouting to strengthen deteriorated RC structures. Four RC slabs were strengthened with one ply of carbon textile grid and 20 mm-thick cementitious grout. The TRC strengthened slab specimens were tested under flexure and the test results were compared with those of an unstrengthened specimen and theoretical solutions. Furthermore, the TRC strengthened specimens experienced longer plastic deformation after steel yield than the unstrengthened specimen. The TRC strengthened specimens exhibited many fine cracks and finally failed by rupture of the textile. Therefore, TRC system with the proposed installation method can effectively be used for strengthening of deteriorated RC structural elements. The theoretically computed steel yield and ultimate loads overestimate the test data by 11% and 5%, respectively.
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Alrshoudi, Fahed. "Flexural Performance of Small-Scale Textile-Reinforced Concrete Beams." Crystals 11, no. 10 (September 28, 2021): 1178. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst11101178.
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Textile-reinforced concrete (TRC) as a novel high-performance composite material can be used as a strengthening material and component bearing load alone. The flexural performance of TRC beams strengthened with textile reinforcement such as carbon tows was experimentally examined and associated with those of steel-reinforced concrete (SRC) beams. Through four-point bending tests, this research explores the effects of textile layers and dosages of short textile fibre on the flexural strength of concrete beams. A total of 64 prism samples of size 100 mm × 100 mm × 500 mm were made, flexure-strengthened, and tested to evaluate various characteristics and the efficiency of TRC versus SRC beams. TRC beams performed exceptionally well as supporting material in enhancing concrete’s flexural capacity; in addition, TRC’s average ultimate load effectiveness was up to 56% than that of SRC specimens. Furthermore, the maximum deflection was about 37% lesser than SRC beams. The results showed that by increasing the number of layers, the TRC’s effectiveness was significantly increased, and the failure mode became more ductile.
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Xie, Wei, Jie Sheng, Zongjian Yu, Jiong Zhu, Binbin Zhou, and Ke Chen. "Investigation of Flexural Bearing Behavior of Corroded RC Strengthened with U-Type TRC." Materials 17, no. 5 (March 1, 2024): 1154. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma17051154.
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In this study, the flexural bearing behavior of corroded reinforced concrete (RC) beams reinforced with U-type Textile Reinforced Concrete (TRC) was investigated using a four-point bending loading method. Nine test beams were produced: one original beam, three RC beams with corrosion alone, and five corroded beams strengthened with U-type TRC. The analysis focuses on assessing the impacts of the steel corrosion degree and the number of textile layers on various aspects of the bending behavior, such as failure modes, bearing capacity, and load displacement curves, in U-type TRC-strengthened corroded beams. The experimental results revealed three distinct failure modes in the U-type TRC-strengthened corroded beams. TRC effectively enhanced the bearing capacity. With sufficient textile layers, it can be restored to the level of the original RC beams. Moreover, in the cases of severe corrosion in RC beams, the bearing capacity increased more significantly. The TRC also enhanced the ductility. Finally, a calculation equation for the ultimate bearing capacity of U-type TRC-strengthened corroded beams was presented and validated, demonstrating consistent alignment with the experimental data.
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SCHLADITZ, Frank, and Manfred CURBACH. "Textile Reinforced Concrete (TRC) as Torsion Strengthening." IABSE Congress Report 17, no. 3 (January 1, 2008): 452–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/222137908796293370.
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Nguyen Huy, Cuong, and Quang Ngo Dang. "Experimental study on flexural behavior of prestressed and non-prestressed textile reinforced concrete plates." Transport and Communications Science Journal 71, no. 1 (January 31, 2020): 37–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.25073/tcsj.71.1.5.
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The application of prestressing steel is restricted in highly corrosive environment area due to corrosion of prestressing steel, which leads to reduction in strength and it may cause sudden failure. Carbon textile is considered as an alternate material due to its corrosive resistance property, high tensile strength and perfectly elastic. In this study, an experimental investigation was carried out to study the flexural behavior of prestressed and non-prestressed carbon textile reinforced concrete plates. This study also focuses on the influences of textile reinforcement ratios, prestress grades on the flexural behavior of carbon textile reinforced concrete (TRC). Fifteen precast TRC plates were tested, of which six were prestressed to various levels with carbon textile. The obtained results show that prestressing of textile reinforcement results in a higher load bearing capacity, stiffness and crack resistance for TRC plates.
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Mészöly, Tamás, Sandra Ofner, Norbert Randl, and Zhiping Luo. "Effect of Combining Fiber and Textile Reinforcement on the Flexural Behavior of UHPC Plates." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2020 (September 29, 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/9891619.
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A series of flexural tests were performed in order to investigate the effect of steel fiber reinforcement (SFR) in textile-reinforced concrete (TRC) plates. Some of the specimens were reinforced only with textile, some of them only with fibers, and some of them were provided with both textile and fiber reinforcement. The concrete matrix was a self-developed ultrahigh performance concrete (UHPC) mixture with a compression strength over 160 MPa. The tensile strength of the used textiles was around 1500 MPa for glass fiber textile and over 3000 MPa for carbon fiber textile. In case of fiber reinforcement, the concrete was reinforced with 2 vol% of 15 mm long and 0.2 mm diameter plain high strength steel fibers. The dimensions of the rectangular plate test specimens were 700 × 150 × 30 mm. The plate specimens were tested in a symmetric four-point bending setup with a universal testing machine. The tests were monitored using a photogrammetric measurement system with digital image correlation (DIC). The paper presents and evaluates the test results, analyses the crack patterns and crack development, and compares the failure modes. The results showed a general advantageous mechanical behavior of specimens reinforced with the combination of fibers and textiles in comparison to the specimens reinforced with only fiber or textile reinforcement.
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Xu, Mingqiu, Jianhua Shao, Baijian Tang, and Hongming Li. "Finite element analysis of flexural behavior of textile reinforced concrete slab." E3S Web of Conferences 261 (2021): 02042. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126102042.
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Order to investigate the failure effect of textile reinforced concrete (TRC) plate under bending load, the corresponding finite element model is established. By comparing the numerical simulation results with the experimental results, the rationality and feasibility of the finite element model are verified, and then the crack extension of TRC and the ultimate strain of carbon textile are analyzed. The failure mode of the slab under bending load is obtained, and it is found that the carbon textile concrete slab has better reinforcement effect, which greatly improves the safety performance of concrete members.
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Tran Manh, Tien, Tu Do Ngoc, and Hong Vu Xuan. "A state-of-the art review of tensile behavior of the textile-reinforced concrete composite." Transport and Communications Science Journal 72, no. 1 (January 25, 2021): 127–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.47869/tcsj.72.1.14.
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Over the past two decades, textile-reinforced concrete (TRC) materials have been increasingly and widely used for the strengthening/reinforcement of civil engineering works. Thanks to their many advantages as the durability, considerable bond strength with the reinforced concrete (RC) members, best recycling conditions, the TRC materials are considered as an optimal alternative solution to substitute the traditional strengthening and reinforcing materials FRP (Fiber-Reinforced Polymer). The mechanical behavior of TRC composite has been characterized in previous experimental studies. This paper presents a state-of-the-art review of the mechanical behavior of TRC composite under tensile loading. By inheriting from previous review studies, this paper updates the experimental studies on the tensile behavior of TRC composite in the last decade. The review addresses, firstly the mechanical properties of constituent materials in TRC as reinforcement textile, cementitious matrix, and textile/matrix interface. Secondly, it addresses the tensile behavior of TRC composite, including the characterization methods as well as analyses of its strain-hardening behavior with different phases. The paper then discusses the main factors which influence the mechanical behavior of TRC materials in the available experimental studies. Finally, the conclusion of this review terminates this paper.
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Wang, Boxue, Shiping Yin, and Ming Liu. "Investigation on the Displacement Ductility Coefficient of Reinforced Concrete Columns Strengthened with Textile-Reinforced Concrete." Advances in Civil Engineering 2021 (December 7, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/3152619.
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To evaluate the seismic performance of reinforced concrete (RC) columns strengthened with textile-reinforced concrete (TRC), based on the ABAQUS numerical analysis results of 15 TRC-strengthened RC columns, the grey correlation theory was used to determine the input variables of the model, and the accuracy of the numerical simulation results is verified by some experiments. Then, according to FEM data, a neural network prediction model was established for the displacement ductility coefficients of TRC-strengthened columns, and a formula was proposed for calculating the displacement ductility coefficient. The results showed that the BP (backpropagation) neural network model had good rationality and accuracy and that the ductility coefficients of the strengthened columns calculated by the model agreed well with the experimental values. Therefore, the model can be applied for predicting the displacement ductility coefficients of TRC-strengthened columns and can be used as a reference for engineering design.
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Xie, Wei, Jie Sheng, Zongjian Yu, Yan Li, and Guotao Dou. "Flexural Behavior of Corroded RC Beams Strengthened by Textile-Reinforced Concrete." Buildings 13, no. 12 (November 21, 2023): 2902. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings13122902.
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The flexural behavior of corroded reinforced concrete (RC) beams strengthened with textile reinforced concrete (TRC) was analyzed and discussed in this work. Thirteen beams, including one reference beam, three corrosion-only beams, and nine TRC-strengthened corroded beams, were tested under four-point bending. The failure modes, cracks, bearing capacity, load–displacement curves and ductility of the tested beams were analyzed. The results showed that the TRC played a role in increasing the number of cracks and decreasing the width of the cracks in the corroded RC beams. In terms of improving the bearing capacity, TRC can improve the bearing capacity of corroded beams even more than the reference beams, and the strengthening after removing the concrete cover of corroded RC beams is better than direct strengthening. The corroded beams after TRC strengthening exhibited improved ductility. The energy absorption index of the TRC-strengthened corroded RC beams increased with the increase in the number of textile layers.
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Kim, Hyeong-Yeol, Young-Jun You, and Gum-Sung Ryu. "Flexural Strengthening of RC Slabs with Lap-Spliced Carbon Textile Grids and Cementitious Grout." Materials 15, no. 8 (April 13, 2022): 2849. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15082849.
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This paper presents a new textile-reinforced concrete (TRC) installation method for strengthening structurally deficient or damaged reinforced concrete (RC) structures with grouting. In this study, cementitious grout was used as a matrix for the TRC system. TRC coupon specimens with different lap-splice lengths were tested under tension to determine the minimum textile lap-splice length. The minimum lap-splice length of the sand-coated textile was evaluated as 150 mm. The performance of the TRC-strengthened RC slabs with the proposed installation method. The lap-spliced textile was experimentally validated by a flexural failure test. Five RC slabs were strengthened by one ply of sand-coated carbon textile grid with and without the lap-splicing and 20 mm-thick cementitious grout and were tested in flexure. Among the TRC-strengthened RC slab specimens, two specimens were re-strengthened RC slabs with the TRC system. The TRC strengthened slab, for which the lap-splice length of the textile was 50% smaller than the minimum lap-splice length, failed at the load level of steel yield. On the other hand, the ultimate load-carrying capacity of the RC slabs strengthened by the TRC system with textile lap-splicing decreased by at least 6% relative to that without textile lap-splicing. Furthermore, the results of a flexural test for the TRC re-strengthened slabs indicate that the ultimate load-carrying capacity of the TRC re-strengthened slabs is almost the same as that of an undamaged slab strengthened with the TRC system.
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Lu, Xinyu, Boxin Wang, Jiahuan Guo, and Tianqi Zhang. "Study on the Expansion and Compression Resistance of 3D-Textile-Reinforced Self-Stressing Concrete." Polymers 14, no. 20 (October 14, 2022): 4336. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14204336.
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Textile-reinforced concrete (TRC), as a kind of high-crack-resistance and high-corrosion-resistance material, has been widely studied. The current research has begun the exploration of the change of textile form, such as 3D-textile-reinforced concrete (3D TRC), and its superior bending performance has been verified. In order to pursue better mechanical properties, combined with the characteristics of self-stressing concrete and 3D textiles, three-dimensional-textile-reinforced self-stressing concrete (3D-TRSSC) specimens were designed in this research. The expansive and compressive properties of specimens with two types of textiles were tested by self-stress and compressibility tests, and the results showed the compressive property and failure mode of 3D-TRSSC were improved compared with 2D-TRSSC and SSC: the increase in compressive strength was 16.3% and 35.1%, respectively. In order to explain the improvement of the compressive strength of the 3D-TRSSC specimens, the triaxial self-stress state analysis of the compressive specimen was carried out, and then a set of calculation methods based on deformation analysis was designed to explain the upward displacement of the necking position of the TRSSC compressive specimen. The theoretical results and experimental data were 27.2 mm and 28–30 mm, respectively. In addition, the improvement of the compressive strength of the 3D-TRSSC specimens relative to that of the 2D-TRSSC specimen was predicted. The calculation results were highly consistent with the predicted values.
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Laiblová, Lenka, Tomáš Vlach, Alexandru Chira, Magdaléna Novotná, Ctislav Fiala, Michal Ženíšek, and Petr Hájek. "Technical Textiles as an Innovative Material for Reinforcing of Elements from High Performance Concretes (HPC)." Advanced Materials Research 1054 (October 2014): 110–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1054.110.
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In civil engineering, steel reinforced concrete is currently still the most widely used composite material. For broad spectrum of utilization is the most important combination of a high compressive and tensile strength [1]. The increasing demand for subtle concrete elements gave impetus to the development of the new materials for the reinforcement of concrete which are non-corrodible and thus do not need such a thick coating layer-technical textiles. These composite materials are known under the title Textile Reinforced Concrete – TRC. The current research reported the use of AR glass fibers reinforced material for HPC and comparison with other reinforced materials.
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Khalil, Hadeel, and Saad Raoof . "al Experimental Investigation on the Bending Behaviour of Textile Reinforced Concrete (TRC)." TJES: Vol. 28, No.3 28, no. 3 (June 15, 2021): 103–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjes.28.3.08.
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Textile-Reinforced Cement (TRC) was used in structural retrofitting and strengthening existing structures. While at present, recent studies have turned around using TRC as an independent structural element. This research presented an experimental study on the flexural behavior of TRC plates. Several parameters were taken into account, specifically, (a) the number layer of textile fiber materials (1, 2, and 3); (b) the configuration of the reinforcement (together or interface); (c) thickness of TRC plate (50, 70) mm. This study included preparing and testing twelve specimens; two specimens were un-reinforced, whereas the rest ten specimens were reinforced by dry carbon fiber textile. The results found that increasing the number of layers for both reinforcement configurations led to increased flexural capacity. Increasing the thickness of the plate has a negative effect on the flexural capacity for both reinforcement configurations. Finally, the interface reinforcement configuration with thickness 50 mm or 70 mm had higher flexural capacity than the specimens with together reinforcement configuration.
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Kim, Hyeong-Yeol, Young-Jun You, and Gum-Sung Ryu. "Reinforced Concrete Slabs Strengthened with Lap-Spliced Carbon TRC System." Materials 14, no. 12 (June 17, 2021): 3340. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14123340.
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Construction with precast or prefabricated elements requires the connecting of structural joints. This study presents an accelerated construction method to strengthen reinforced concrete (RC) slab-type elements in flexure using precast lap-spliced textile-reinforced concrete (TRC) panels. The objectives of this study are to identify the tensile behavior of a TRC system with lap-spliced textile, and to experimentally validate the performance of the proposed connecting method by flexural failure test for the concrete slabs strengthened by TRC panels with lap-spliced textile. Twenty-one coupon specimens were tested in tension with two different matrix systems and three different lap splice lengths. The influence of the lap splice length and matrix properties on the tensile performance of the TRC system was significant. Five full-scale RC slabs were strengthened by the precast TRC panels with and without the lap splice, and was tested in flexure. The results of the failure test for the strengthened specimens showed that the ultimate load of the strengthened specimen with the TRC panel increased by a maximum of 24%, compared to that of the unstrengthened specimen. Moreover, the failure-tested specimens were re-strengthened by a new TRC panel system and tested again in flexure. The objective of the re-strengthening of the damaged RC slabs by the TRC panel is to investigate whether the yielded steel reinforcement can be replaced by the TRC panel. The initial cracking load and the stiffness of the re-strengthened specimens were significantly increased by re-strengthening.
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Arif, Assim, and Saad Raoof. "Experimental Investigation on Bending Behavior of Textile Reinforced Concrete (TRC) Plates at High Temperatures." TJES: Vol. 28, No.3 28, no. 3 (June 12, 2021): 88–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjes.28.3.07.
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Textile Reinforced Concrete (TRC) can be used as independent structural elements due to its high loading capacity and proper to product light weight and thin walled structural elements. In this study, the bending behavior of TRC plates that reinforced with dry carbon fiber textile and exposed to high temperatures was experimentally studied under 4-points bending loading. The examined parameters were; (a) number of textile fiber reinforcements layers 1, 2 and 3 layers; (b) level of high temperatures 20°C, 200°C, 300°C, and 400°C. Firstly, the mechanical properties of the cementitious matrix and the tensile properties of TRC coupons at each predefined temperature were evaluated. The results showed that the ultimate tensile stress of the TRC coupons did not affect up to 200°C, however, a significant reduction observed at 300°C and 400°C by 19% and 24% respectively. Regarding the compressive strength and flexural strength of the cementitious matrix, the degradation was not severe until 200°C, while it became critical at 400 °C (23% and 22% respectively). The result of the bending of TRC plates showed that doubling and tripling textile fiber reinforcements layers improved the flexural loading. In general, increasing the level of temperatures resulted in decrease in the flexural capacity of TRC plates. The highest decrease recorded for the specimen reinforced with 1-layer of carbon fiber textile subjected to 400 °C and was 33%.
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Chandrathilaka, Egodawaththa Ralalage Kanishka, Shanaka Kristombu Baduge, Priyan Mendis, and Petikirige Sadeep Madhushan Thilakarathna. "Flexural Performance of Prefabricated Ultra-High-Strength Textile Reinforced Concrete (UHSTRC): An Experimental and Analytical Investigation." Buildings 10, no. 4 (April 2, 2020): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings10040068.
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Textile Reinforced Concrete (TRC) is a prefabricated novel lightweight high-performance composite material that can be used as a load-bearing or non-load-bearing component of prefabricated buildings. Making TRC with Ultra-High-Strength Concrete (UHSC) (≥100 MPa) can be considered as a potential improvement method to further enhance its properties. This paper investigated the performance of Ultra-High-Strength Textile Reinforced Concrete (UHSTRC) under flexural loading. A detailed experimental program was conducted to investigate the behavior of UHSC on TRC. In the experimental program, a sudden drop in load was observed when the first crack appeared in the UHSTRC. A detailed analytical program was developed to describe and understand such behavior of UHSTRC found in experiments. The analytical program was found to be in good agreement with the experimental results and it was used to carry out an extensive parametric study covering the effects of the number of textile layers, textile material, textile mesh density, and UHSTRC thickness on the performance of UHSTRC. Using a high number of textile layers in thin UHSTRC was found to be more effective than using high-thickness UHSTRC. The high modulus textile layers effectively increase the performance of UHSTRC.
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Ortlepp, Regine, Andy Lorenz, and Manfred Curbach. "Column Strengthening with TRC: Influences of the Column Geometry onto the Confinement Effect." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2009 (2009): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/493097.
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The increase of the load-carrying capacity of columns being reinforced with Textile Reinforced Concrete (TRC) is partly achieved by the additional concrete cover. But then it is also decisively caused by the confinement effect of the textile reinforcement. The confinement is thereby producing a three-axial state of stress within the concrete core of the column. The effectiveness of such a confinement is especially dependent on the geometry of the concrete column to be strengthened. At rectangular ones with sharp edges without ogees the TRC strengthening can only augment the load-carrying concrete share not create a confinement effect which can be achieved at the round counterparts. Within the study we tested columns with all possible cross-sections from square to circle with different transition radiuses. Thus the influence of the transition radius onto the local-bearing capacity of the reinforcing textile was recorded. Furthermore the impact of different fibre materials and reinforcement degrees of the TRC-strengthening layer has been examined. The first results show a considerable disproportionate increase of the confinement effect with rising transition radius, as well as a growth of the confinement effect with augmenting level of reinforcement in the TRC-strengthening layer.
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Schroefl, Christof, Michaela Reichardt, Viktor Mechtcherine, and Peter Deegan. "Floating breakwater pontoon pilot cast with carbon textile reinforcement-based ultra high durability concrete: Materials development and testing, and implementation in the North Atlantic (Irelands west coast)." MATEC Web of Conferences 378 (2023): 08001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202337808001.
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A floating unit with three pontoons made of epoxy-coated carbon textile reinforced, ultra-high durability concrete (ECF UHDC), mineral impregnated carbon fibre-reinforced UHDC (MCF UHDC) and, as references, steel-reinforced concretes has been designed and installed in the Northern Atlantic. While marine structures with steel reinforcement require large cover depths, which cause problems in size, cost, environmental friendliness and short service life, carbon textile reinforced concrete (TRC) cannot suffer from chloride-induced corrosion of a metal reinforcement. In the EU H2020 project “ReSHEALience” (rethinking coastal defence and green-energy service infrastructures through enhanced-durability highperformance cement-based materials), TRCs have been modified with functional admixtures from consortium partners. A mineral self-healing promoter and alumina nano-fibers have, among others, been implemented to boost high-performance concretes towards UHDCs. Resulting composite variants have been applied in a full-scale floating unit that has been launched in the harbor of Galway at the Irish West Coast in June 2020. Such a floating body is a representation of breakwaters installed to reduce wave impacts to the coast. Besides, TRC-based UHDC can be applied as strengthening and repair layer on concrete structures to enhance their service life in general.
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You, Young-Jun, Hyeong-Yeol Kim, Gum-Sung Ryu, Kyung-Taek Koh, Gi-Hong Ahn, and Se-Hoon Kang. "Strengthening of Concrete Element with Precast Textile Reinforced Concrete Panel and Grouting Material." Materials 13, no. 17 (September 1, 2020): 3856. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13173856.
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Textile reinforced concrete (TRC) has widely been used for strengthening work for deteriorated reinforced concrete (RC) structures. The structural strengthening often requires accelerated construction with the aid of precast or prefabricated elements. This study presents an innovative method to strengthen an RC slab-type element in flexure using a precast panel made of carbon TRC. A total of five RC slabs were fabricated to examine the flexural strengthening effect. Two of them were strengthened with the precast panel and grouting material and another set of two slabs was additionally strengthened by tensile steel reinforcement. The full-scale slab specimens were tested by a three-point bending test and the test results were compared with the theoretical solutions. The results revealed that the ultimate load of the specimens strengthened with the TRC panel increased by at least 1.5 times compared to that of the unstrengthened specimen. The application of the precast TRC panel and grouting material for the strengthening of a prototype RC structure verified its outstanding constructability.
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Yin, Shi Ping, and Shi Lang Xu. "An Experimental Study on Improved Mechanical Behavior of Textile-Reinforced Concrete." Advanced Materials Research 168-170 (December 2010): 1850–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.168-170.1850.
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The influences of the mesh sizes, the surface treatment and cover thickness of the textile on anti-crack and bearing capacity of the competent were investigated. Additionally, to prevent the splitting of the concrete, hanging U-shaped hook upon textiles was also experimentally studied. The experiment results indicate that sticking sand on epoxy resin-impregnated textile and reduced cover thickness are helpful to improve the mechanical performance of the component; the textile with 10mm×10mm mesh size is superior than that with 20mm×20mm mesh size regardless of in the respect of enhancing the bearing capacity of the TRC or in the respect of controlling matrix cracking; the novel method of adding U-shape iron hook not only can improve the bonding performance between the textile and the concrete, but also can enhance the shearing capacity of the concrete.
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Ngo, Dang Quang, and Huy Cuong Nguyen. "Experimental and Numerical Investigations on Flexural Behaviour of Prestressed Textile Reinforced Concrete Slabs." Civil Engineering Journal 7, no. 6 (June 2, 2021): 1084–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-2021-03091712.
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Nowadays, concrete is mostly prestressed with steel. But the application of prestressing steel is restricted in a highly corrosive environment area due to corrosion of prestressing steel, leading to a reduction in strength and may cause sudden failure. Carbon textile is considered an alternate material due to its corrosive resistance property, high tensile strength, and perfectly elastic. Prestressing is also the only realistic way to utilize fully ultra-high tensile strength in carbon textile material. In this study, experimental and numerical analyses were carried out for the flexural behaviour of prestressed and non-prestressed carbon textile reinforced concrete slabs. This study also focuses on the influences of textile reinforcement ratios, prestressing grades on the flexural behaviour of carbon textile reinforced concrete (TRC). Fifteen precast TRC slabs were tested, of which six were prestressed to various levels with carbon textile. The obtained results show that prestressing textile reinforcement results in a higher load-bearing capacity, stiffness, and crack resistance for TRC slabs. The first-crack load of the prestressed specimens increased by about 85% compared with those of non-prestressed slabs. Three-dimensional finite element models were developed to provide a reliable estimation of global and local response. The modeling techniques accurately reproduced the experimental behaviour. Doi: 10.28991/cej-2021-03091712 Full Text: PDF
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Contamine, Raphaël, and Amir Si Larbi. "Development of a textile reinforced concrete (TRC) to retrofit reinforced concrete structures." European Journal of Environmental and Civil Engineering 20, no. 6 (April 20, 2015): 626–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19648189.2015.1030089.
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Hu, Chang-Shun, Shiping Yin, and Meng-Ti Yin. "Study on the interfacial bonding behaviour of corroded steel bars and TRC constrained concrete." Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials 66, no. 5 (September 2, 2019): 661–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/acmm-12-2018-2040.
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Purpose This paper aims to evaluate the bonding properties of textile reinforced concrete (TRC)-confined concrete and corroded plain round bars. Design/methodology/approach The bonding performance of three types of specimens (not reinforced, reinforced after corrosion and reinforced before corrosion) was studied by a central pull out test. Findings The ultimate bond strength between the corroded steel bars and the concrete is improved when the corrosion ratio is small. After cracking, the degree of corrosion continues to grow and the ultimate bond strength decreases. TRC reinforcement has no detectable effect on the interfacial bonding properties between concrete and plain round bars when the corrosion of steel bars is small; however, when the concrete cracks under the action of rust corrosion, the TRC constraints can effectively improve the bonding performance of the two components. Practical implications TRC layer significantly delayed the chloride penetration rate, which can effectively limit the development of corrosion cracking.