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Journal articles on the topic 'Textile Reinforced Mortars (TRM) overlays'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 5 February 2022

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1

Askouni, Paraskevi D., Catherine (Corina) G. Papanicolaou, and Michael I. Kaffetzakis. "The Effect of Elevated Temperatures on the TRM-to-Masonry Bond: Comparison of Normal Weight and Lightweight Matrices." Applied Sciences 9, no. 10 (May 27, 2019): 2156. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9102156.

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Textile Reinforced Mortar (TRM) is a composite material that has already been successfully used as an externally bonded strengthening means of existing structures. The bond of TRM with various substrates is of crucial importance for determining the degree of exploitation of the textile. However, little is known on the effect of elevated/high temperatures on the TRM-to-substrate bond characteristics while relevant testing protocols are also lacking. This study focuses on the experimental assessment of the TRM-to-masonry bond after exposure of masonry wallettes unilaterally furnished with TRM strips at 120 °C and 200 °C for 1 h. The shear bond tests on cooled-down specimens were carried out using the single-lap/single-prism set-up. Two TRM systems were investigated sharing the same type of textile, which is a dry AR glass fiber one (either in a single-layer or in a double-layer configuration) and different matrices: one normal weight (TRNM) and another lightweight (TRLM) of equal compressive strengths. At control conditions (non-heated specimens) and after exposure at a nominal air temperature of 120 °C, both single-layer TRM systems exhibited similar bond capacities. After exposure at a nominal air temperature of 200 °C single-layer and double-layer TRNM overlays outperformed their TRLM counterparts. A critical discussion is based on phenomenological evidence and measured response values.
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2

Ramaglia, Giancarlo, Gian Piero Lignola, Francesco Fabbrocino, and Andrea Prota. "Numerical Modelling of Masonry Barrel Vaults Reinforced with Textile Reinforced Mortars." Key Engineering Materials 747 (July 2017): 11–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.747.11.

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Among masonry buildings characterized by a complex architecture, a significant portion is represented by heritage buildings. A significant seismic vulnerability is due to the presence of thrusting elements like as arches and vaults. Their ultimate capacity can be improved by means of several strengthening techniques. However the advantages of using Textile Reinforced Mortars (TRM) are well highlighted in the scientific literature.The present work focuses on ultimate behaviour of masonry barrel vaults, in the framework of incremental analysis, including the strengthening effect. The analytical model is compared in terms of ultimate capacity and failure mode with a full scale masonry barrel vault dynamically tested. After the first tests, the vault has been strengthened with Textile Reinforced Mortar (TRM) and tested again.
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3

Gil, Lluís, Christian Escrig, and Ernest Bernat-Maso. "Bending Performance of Concrete Beams Strengthened with Textile Reinforced Mortar TRM." Key Engineering Materials 601 (March 2014): 203–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.601.203.

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This work presents a method of strengthening concrete structures based on textiles of high strength and mortars. The combination of textiles and mortars produces a new composite material with cementitious matrix. This material can be used for the reinforcement of concrete beams under bending loads. We tested several combinations of fibers: glass, Poliparafenil Benzobisoxazol (PBO), steel and carbon fibers with mortar and we used them to reinforce precast concrete beams. All the specimens were tested with a four-point load test. We discuss the performance of the specimens and we compare the ultimate results with the formulae from FRP codes.
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4

Ferrara, Giuseppe, Carmelo Caggegi, Aron Gabor, and Enzo Martinelli. "Experimental Study on the Adhesion of Basalt Textile Reinforced Mortars (TRM) to Clay Brick Masonry: The Influence of Textile Density." Fibers 7, no. 12 (November 29, 2019): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fib7120103.

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Textile Reinforced Mortar (TRM) composite systems are gaining consensus within the scientific and technical communities as a viable and advantageous alternative to the most conventional Fibre-Reinforced Polymer (FRP) composites. Due to the good compatibility both in terms of stiffness and vapor permeability between the inorganic matrix and the substrate, the TRMs appear to be particularly well suited for strengthening masonry members and enhancing their capacity to withstand tensile and shear stresses, such as those induced by seismic shakings. This paper aims to investigate the mechanical response of a TRM system featuring an internal reinforcement made of basalt fiber textile. Therefore, the paper reports the results of an experimental campaign carried out by single-lap shear bond tests on masonry substrate reinforced by TRM strips. Three different kinds of TRM have been taken into account, each one characterized by a variable number of fabric plies. The results show that, in all cases, TRMs fail prematurely due to debonding between fabric and matrix. However, the aforementioned premature failure is the main concern emerging from these test results, and further work is requested in reformulating the matrix composition towards enhancing their tensile strength and, hence, restraining the occurrence of fabric-to-matrix debonding.
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5

Misseri, Giulia, Gianfranco Stipo, Stefano Galassi, and Luisa Rovero. "Experimental Investigation on the Bond Behaviour of Basalt TRM Systems - Influence of Textile Configuration and Multi-Layer Application." Key Engineering Materials 817 (August 2019): 134–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.817.134.

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Textile Reinforced Mortars (TRM) include a series of innovative strengthening systems suitable for conservation interventions since inorganic matrixes, instead of polymeric resins, are employed. Recent research supported the definition of guidelines on testing methods for TRM systems applied to masonry, but further investigation is needed to clear out the role played by the numerous factors affecting the strengthening capacity. In this study, an experimental campaign on basalt-fibre TRM systems was carried out. A series of tensile and single-shear bond tests are compared. Samples differ for fibre reinforcement ratio, textile layout and the number of textile layers, while the lime-based mortar matrix is the same for all specimens. For tensile tests, results show that, after a mortar-cracking phase, a third, substantially linear phase, during which the textile response is dominant, occurred for specimens failed both for textile tensile rupture and textile slippage. For shear bond tests, results showed that increasing the reinforcement ratio tightening textile mesh is not as beneficial as increasing textile layers, i.e. active bond surfaces.
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6

Oliveira, Daniel V., Rui A. Silva, Cristina Barroso, and Paulo B. Lourenço. "Characterization of a Compatible Low Cost Strengthening Solution Based on the TRM Technique for Rammed Earth." Key Engineering Materials 747 (July 2017): 150–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.747.150.

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Rammed earth constructions are widely found worldwide, but they are endangered by their recognised high seismic vulnerability. As compatible and affordable reinforcement approaches are important requirements for these constructions, a strengthening solution based on low cost textile reinforced mortars (LC-TRM) is proposed here, within the framework of a large research project. This paper presents the results of an experimental program aimed at characterising low cost meshes available in the market (glass fibre, plastic, metallic and nylon) and at assessing possible mortars (unstabilised earth, stabilised earth, commercial earth and cement-based) capable of integrating the LC-TRM strengthening system. In general, the results obtained seem to indicate that the glass fibre meshes and the earth mortar are good options.
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7

Parvin, Azadeh, and Mohannad Alhusban. "Lateral Deformation Capacity and Plastic Hinge Length of RC Columns Confined with Textile Reinforced Mortar Jackets." CivilEng 2, no. 3 (August 26, 2021): 670–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/civileng2030037.

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This paper presents a nonlinear finite element analysis (FEA) of textiles reinforced mortars (TRM)-confined reinforced concrete (RC) columns through jacketing, under combined axial and cyclic loadings. The FEA models were validated with an experimental study in the literature that was conducted on full-scale square columns reinforced with continuous steel bars (no lap splices). Subsequently, parametric study was performed on the validated FEA models. The parameters considered include various jacket’s lengths and mortar strengths. Moreover, semiempirical models were developed to evaluate the plastic hinge length (LP) and the ultimate drift ratio of RC columns confined with TRM and FRP jackets, while considering the jacket length effect. The FEA models and experimental results were in good agreement. The finite element results revealed that the increase in the jacket length improved the lateral deformation capacity and increased the plastic hinge length linearly up to a confinement ratio of 0.2. Beyond this point, the plastic hinge length shortened as the confinement ratio raised. Moreover, mortars with higher flexural strength resulted in a slightly higher deformation capacity. However, the difference in the mortar compressive strength did not affect the ultimate lateral deformation capacity. The semiempirical models show that the average difference in the predicted LP and the ultimate drift ratio values as compared to the experimental and simulated columns was 3.19 and 16.06%, respectively.
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8

Deboucha, Walid, Ibrahim Alachek, Jean-Patrick Plassiard, and Olivier Plé. "New Composite Material for Masonry Repair: Mortar Formulations and Experimental Studies." Materials 14, no. 4 (February 15, 2021): 912. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14040912.

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The need for retrofitting existing masonry structures is progressively becoming more important due to their continuous deterioration or need to meet the current design requirements of Eurocodes. Textile-Reinforced Mortar (TRM) composite systems have emerged as a sustainable repair methodology suitable for structure retrofitting. Nevertheless, their mechanical performance is still far from being fully investigated. This paper presents an experimental study on the tensile and bond behaviors of a new mortar-based composite consisting of mineral additives, blended cement mortar, and stainless-steel grid. Three different mineral additives (silica fume, fly ash, and blast furnace slag), in binary and ternary systems were used. The experimental study included uniaxial tensile coupon testing on composite specimens and bond tests on composite material applied to clay-brick substrate. The results obtained with the different textile-reinforced cement-based mortars were compared and are discussed here. It was found that, for mortar formulations containing mineral additives—such as fly ash or blast-furnace slag—with high tensile and bond strengths, an adequate adherence between the constituents was obtained. The developed mortar presents mechanical performances equivalent to traditional mortars without additives. The study contributes to the existing knowledge regarding the structural behavior of TRM and promotes the development of a low impact carbon cementitious matrix.
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9

Karlos, Kyriakos, Aristomenis Tsantilis, and Thanasis Triantafillou. "Integrated Seismic and Energy Retrofitting System for Masonry Walls Using Textile-Reinforced Mortars Combined with Thermal Insulation: Experimental, Analytical, and Numerical Study." Journal of Composites Science 4, no. 4 (December 16, 2020): 189. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcs4040189.

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Taking into consideration the seismic vulnerability of older buildings and the increasing need for reducing their carbon footprint and energy consumption, the application of an innovative system is investigated; the system is based on the use of textile-reinforced mortar (TRM) and thermal insulation as a means of combined seismic and energy retrofitting of existing masonry walls. Medium-scale tests were carried out on masonry walls subjected to out-of-plane cyclic loading. The following parameters were investigated experimentally: placement of the TRM in a sandwich form (over and under the insulation) or outside the insulation, one-sided or two-sided TRM jacketing and/or insulation, and the displacement amplitude of the loading cycles. A simple analytical method is developed and found in good agreement with the test results. Additionally, numerical modeling is carried out and also found in good agreement with the test results. From the results obtained in this study, the authors believe that TRM jacketing may be combined effectively with thermal insulation, increasing the overall strength and energy efficiency of the masonry panels in buildings.
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10

Dalalbashi, Ali, Bahman Ghiassi, and Daniel V. Oliveira. "Analytical Modeling of the Bond Behavior between ‎Textile ‎and Mortar Based on Pull-Out ‎Tests." Key Engineering Materials 817 (August 2019): 112–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.817.112.

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It is clear that the fiber-to-mortar bond behavior plays a major role on the performance of Textile Reinforced Mortars (TRMs) used for strengthening of existing structures. This aspect, however, has been only the subject of few studies and require further attention.This paper presents an analytical model for extraction of the textile-to-‎mortar bond-slip laws from pull-out tests. The ‎objective is to ‎characterize the parameters that ‎influence the ‎pull-out behavior of TRM ‎systems. ‎In the formulation of the ‎pull-out model, a ‎modified approach ‎based ‎on a mathematical model by Naaman ‎is applied. Firstly, based on ‎the ‎experimental ‎results, a relationship between the bond shear stress and the ‎relative slip ‎along the fiber-mortar ‎interface is obtained. Then, based on the ‎shear stress-slip law, the ‎boundary conditions, equations ‎of equilibrium, and ‎the equation of ‎compatibility and hooke’s ‎law, the bond response ‎between ‎textile and mortar is predicted and modeled.
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11

Torres, Benjamín, Salvador Ivorra, F. Javier Baeza, Luis Estevan, and Borja Varona. "Textile reinforced mortars (TRM) for repairing and retrofitting masonry walls subjected to in-plane cyclic loads. An experimental approach." Engineering Structures 231 (March 2021): 111742. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2020.111742.

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12

Malena, Marialaura, Marialuigia Sangirardi, Francesca Roscini, and Gianmarco de Felice. "Numerical Modelling of the Experimental Response of SRG Systems." Key Engineering Materials 817 (August 2019): 37–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.817.37.

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Modern repairing and retrofitting methods for existing structures make use of composite materials, consisting of high strength textiles and a matrix, which can be either polymeric or inorganic. These kinds of techniques have been largely applied to masonry structures, since they significantly improve structural performance with a small increase of weight and a minimum invasiveness. However, the application of organic gluing agents on masonry has revealed some well-known drawbacks, which are almost all overcome resorting to inorganic matrixes, namely cement or lime mortars. An entire class of composites is thus identified as TRM (Textile Reinforced Mortars) or FRCM (Fibre Reinforced Cementitious Matrices). Among them, Steel Reinforced Grout (SRG) are characterized by Ultra High Tensile Strength Steel (UHTSS) cords embedded in mortar matrix and their use to improve the structural performance of existing historical masonry buildings is becoming more and more diffused. Qualification tests and acceptance criteria for SRG have just been defined. Nonetheless, numerical simulation of current available test procedures is mandatory to identify peculiar aspects of the response that at a following stage become an integral part of large scale models, when entire reinforced structures or portions need to be analysed. To this end, this work presents the numerical modelling of two different direct tensile tests on SRG systems: the Clamping-grip setup (RILEM Technical Committee 232-TDT 2016) and the Clevis-grip setup (ICC-ES AC434 2016). Numerical models able to replicate experimental tests and catch fundamental differences in their failure mechanisms are present
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13

Rafiq, Muhammad Imran, and Ameer Baiee. "TEXTILE REINFORCED MORTAR BASED FLEXURAL STRENGTHENING OF REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAMS." Proceedings of International Structural Engineering and Construction 7, no. 1 (August 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.14455/isec.res.2020.7(1).str-35.

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Strengthening of reinforced concrete (RC) structures is often necessary due to the change of using or to enhance the strength of deteriorated existing RC structures attributed to aging and environmental effects. Interfacial bond between the existing RC member and the strengthening layer is known to be the main factor for any successful strengthening technique. This study investigates the efficiency of utilizing high strength cementitious connectors in preventing the debonding of textile reinforced mortar (TRM) strengthening layer from substrate concrete of RC beams. An experimental program is developed to investigate the effect of strength of mortars and the distribution of cementitious connectors on the behavior of the strengthened beams. TRM comprising eight and sixteen textile basalt fiber layers were utilized in these experiments. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of cementitious connectors on the failure mode of strengthened beams by means of controlling the debonding of TRM. The increase in cracking and ultimate loads is demonstrated due to the strengthening of RC beams using TRM.
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14

"Strengthening of masonry walls with FRP or TRM." Journal of the Croatian Association of Civil Engineers 72, no. 10 (October 2020): 937–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.14256/jce.2983.2020.

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In addition to traditional methods of strengthening shear masonry walls, some newer materials and systems, such as fibre reinforced polymers (FRP) and textile reinforced mortars (TRM), have recently been introduced. The earthquake that occurred in Zagreb and its surroundings on 22 March 2020 has revealed the sensitivity of unreinforced masonry buildings to horizontal actions, while pointing to the need to repair damage to load-bearing and non-load-bearing walls and to strengthen walls against shear failure. Existing regulations do not cover design of structures with such systems. The paper presents modern procedures for strengthening masonry with FRP or TRM, scientific research in this area, advantages and disadvantages, and calculation of such reinforcements.
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15

Wang, Fayu, Nicholas Kyriakides, Christis Chrysostomou, Eleftherios Eleftheriou, Renos Votsis, and Rogiros Illampas. "Experimental Research on Bond Behaviour of Fabric Reinforced Cementitious Matrix Composites for Retrofitting Masonry Walls." International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials 15, no. 1 (April 29, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40069-021-00460-1.

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AbstractFabric reinforced cementitious matrix (FRCM) composites, also known as textile reinforced mortars (TRM), an inorganic matrix constituting fibre fabrics and cement-based mortar, are becoming a widely used composite material in Europe for upgrading the seismic resistance of existing reinforced concrete (RC) frame buildings. One way of providing seismic resistance upgrading is through the application of the proposed FRCM system on existing masonry infill walls to increase their stiffness and integrity. To examine the effectiveness of this application, the bond characteristics achieved between (a) the matrix and the masonry substrate and (b) the fabric and the matrix need to be determined. A series of experiments including 23 material performance tests, 15 direct tensile tests of dry fabric and composites, and 30 shear bond tests between the matrix and brick masonry, were carried out to investigate the fabric-to-matrix and matrix-to-substrate bond behaviour. In addition, different arrangements of extruded polystyrene (XPS) plates were applied to the FRCM to test the shear bond capacity of this insulation system when used on a large-scale wall.
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