Journal articles: 'Textile-reinforced mortars'

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Dalalbashi, Ali, Bahman Ghiassi, and Daniel V. Oliveira. "Textile-to-mortar bond behaviour in lime-based textile reinforced mortars." Construction and Building Materials 227 (December 2019): 116682. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.116682.

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Ramaglia, Giancarlo, Gian Piero Lignola, Francesco Fabbrocino, and Andrea Prota. "Numerical Modelling of Masonry Barrel Vaults Reinforced with Textile Reinforced Mortars." Key Engineering Materials 747 (July 2017): 11–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.747.11.

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Among masonry buildings characterized by a complex architecture, a significant portion is represented by heritage buildings. A significant seismic vulnerability is due to the presence of thrusting elements like as arches and vaults. Their ultimate capacity can be improved by means of several strengthening techniques. However the advantages of using Textile Reinforced Mortars (TRM) are well highlighted in the scientific literature.The present work focuses on ultimate behaviour of masonry barrel vaults, in the framework of incremental analysis, including the strengthening effect. The analytical model is compared in terms of ultimate capacity and failure mode with a full scale masonry barrel vault dynamically tested. After the first tests, the vault has been strengthened with Textile Reinforced Mortar (TRM) and tested again.

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Gil, Lluís, Christian Escrig, and Ernest Bernat-Maso. "Bending Performance of Concrete Beams Strengthened with Textile Reinforced Mortar TRM." Key Engineering Materials 601 (March 2014): 203–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.601.203.

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This work presents a method of strengthening concrete structures based on textiles of high strength and mortars. The combination of textiles and mortars produces a new composite material with cementitious matrix. This material can be used for the reinforcement of concrete beams under bending loads. We tested several combinations of fibers: glass, Poliparafenil Benzobisoxazol (PBO), steel and carbon fibers with mortar and we used them to reinforce precast concrete beams. All the specimens were tested with a four-point load test. We discuss the performance of the specimens and we compare the ultimate results with the formulae from FRP codes.

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Lenting and Orlowsky. "Self-Healing of Cracked Textile Reinforced Concrete Layers." Proceedings 34, no. 1 (November 18, 2019): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019034020.

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Sustainable maintenance of existing steel-reinforced concrete structures becomes more important. Using non-reinforced sprayed mortar to maintain these structures often leads to cracks in this repair layer due to the alteration of crack widths in the ordinary structure. The water impermeability as well as the durability of the sprayed mortar will be reduced due to the described cracks. This presentation shows a solution for the described problem. The use of carbon yarns with a special inorganic coating as reinforcement in sprayed mortars leads to a self-healing of the arising cracks. Due to the inorganic coating applied on carbon yarns the excellent bond between mortar and yarn results in a fine distributed crack image with crack width below 0.1 mm. It is shown that these cracks heal themselves. Consequently we can provide a mainly mineral protection layer for existing steel reinforced concrete structures which is impermeably to water based solutions. The presentation focuses on the material development and characterization.

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Deboucha, Walid, Ibrahim Alachek, Jean-Patrick Plassiard, and Olivier Plé. "New Composite Material for Masonry Repair: Mortar Formulations and Experimental Studies." Materials 14, no. 4 (February 15, 2021): 912. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14040912.

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The need for retrofitting existing masonry structures is progressively becoming more important due to their continuous deterioration or need to meet the current design requirements of Eurocodes. Textile-Reinforced Mortar (TRM) composite systems have emerged as a sustainable repair methodology suitable for structure retrofitting. Nevertheless, their mechanical performance is still far from being fully investigated. This paper presents an experimental study on the tensile and bond behaviors of a new mortar-based composite consisting of mineral additives, blended cement mortar, and stainless-steel grid. Three different mineral additives (silica fume, fly ash, and blast furnace slag), in binary and ternary systems were used. The experimental study included uniaxial tensile coupon testing on composite specimens and bond tests on composite material applied to clay-brick substrate. The results obtained with the different textile-reinforced cement-based mortars were compared and are discussed here. It was found that, for mortar formulations containing mineral additives—such as fly ash or blast-furnace slag—with high tensile and bond strengths, an adequate adherence between the constituents was obtained. The developed mortar presents mechanical performances equivalent to traditional mortars without additives. The study contributes to the existing knowledge regarding the structural behavior of TRM and promotes the development of a low impact carbon cementitious matrix.

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Trochoutsou, Niki, Matteo Di Benedetti, Kypros Pilakoutas, and Maurizio Guadagnini. "Bond of Flax Textile-Reinforced Mortars to Masonry." Construction and Building Materials 284 (May 2021): 122849. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.122849.

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Misseri, Giulia, Gianfranco Stipo, Stefano Galassi, and Luisa Rovero. "Experimental Investigation on the Bond Behaviour of Basalt TRM Systems - Influence of Textile Configuration and Multi-Layer Application." Key Engineering Materials 817 (August 2019): 134–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.817.134.

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Textile Reinforced Mortars (TRM) include a series of innovative strengthening systems suitable for conservation interventions since inorganic matrixes, instead of polymeric resins, are employed. Recent research supported the definition of guidelines on testing methods for TRM systems applied to masonry, but further investigation is needed to clear out the role played by the numerous factors affecting the strengthening capacity. In this study, an experimental campaign on basalt-fibre TRM systems was carried out. A series of tensile and single-shear bond tests are compared. Samples differ for fibre reinforcement ratio, textile layout and the number of textile layers, while the lime-based mortar matrix is the same for all specimens. For tensile tests, results show that, after a mortar-cracking phase, a third, substantially linear phase, during which the textile response is dominant, occurred for specimens failed both for textile tensile rupture and textile slippage. For shear bond tests, results showed that increasing the reinforcement ratio tightening textile mesh is not as beneficial as increasing textile layers, i.e. active bond surfaces.

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Ghiassi, Bahman. "Mechanics and durability of lime-based textile reinforced mortars." RILEM Technical Letters 4 (February 26, 2020): 130–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.21809/rilemtechlett.2019.99.

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Application of lime-based textile-reinforced mortars (TRMs) for strengthening of masonry structures have received a growing attention in recent years. An extensive effort has been devoted to understanding of the performance of these composites and their effectiveness in improving the seismic safety of existing masonry structures. Nevertheless, several aspects regarding the durability and mechanics of these composites still remain unknown. This letter is an effort on highlighting those aspects considering both experimental and numerical modelling approaches.

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Dalalbashi, Ali, Bahman Ghiassi, and Daniel V. Oliveira. "Analytical Modeling of the Bond Behavior between ‎Textile ‎and Mortar Based on Pull-Out ‎Tests." Key Engineering Materials 817 (August 2019): 112–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.817.112.

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It is clear that the fiber-to-mortar bond behavior plays a major role on the performance of Textile Reinforced Mortars (TRMs) used for strengthening of existing structures. This aspect, however, has been only the subject of few studies and require further attention.This paper presents an analytical model for extraction of the textile-to-‎mortar bond-slip laws from pull-out tests. The ‎objective is to ‎characterize the parameters that ‎influence the ‎pull-out behavior of TRM ‎systems. ‎In the formulation of the ‎pull-out model, a ‎modified approach ‎based ‎on a mathematical model by Naaman ‎is applied. Firstly, based on ‎the ‎experimental ‎results, a relationship between the bond shear stress and the ‎relative slip ‎along the fiber-mortar ‎interface is obtained. Then, based on the ‎shear stress-slip law, the ‎boundary conditions, equations ‎of equilibrium, and ‎the equation of ‎compatibility and hooke’s ‎law, the bond response ‎between ‎textile and mortar is predicted and modeled.

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Oliveira, Daniel V., Rui A. Silva, Cristina Barroso, and Paulo B. Lourenço. "Characterization of a Compatible Low Cost Strengthening Solution Based on the TRM Technique for Rammed Earth." Key Engineering Materials 747 (July 2017): 150–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.747.150.

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Rammed earth constructions are widely found worldwide, but they are endangered by their recognised high seismic vulnerability. As compatible and affordable reinforcement approaches are important requirements for these constructions, a strengthening solution based on low cost textile reinforced mortars (LC-TRM) is proposed here, within the framework of a large research project. This paper presents the results of an experimental program aimed at characterising low cost meshes available in the market (glass fibre, plastic, metallic and nylon) and at assessing possible mortars (unstabilised earth, stabilised earth, commercial earth and cement-based) capable of integrating the LC-TRM strengthening system. In general, the results obtained seem to indicate that the glass fibre meshes and the earth mortar are good options.

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Parvin, Azadeh, and Mohannad Alhusban. "Lateral Deformation Capacity and Plastic Hinge Length of RC Columns Confined with Textile Reinforced Mortar Jackets." CivilEng 2, no. 3 (August 26, 2021): 670–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/civileng2030037.

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This paper presents a nonlinear finite element analysis (FEA) of textiles reinforced mortars (TRM)-confined reinforced concrete (RC) columns through jacketing, under combined axial and cyclic loadings. The FEA models were validated with an experimental study in the literature that was conducted on full-scale square columns reinforced with continuous steel bars (no lap splices). Subsequently, parametric study was performed on the validated FEA models. The parameters considered include various jacket’s lengths and mortar strengths. Moreover, semiempirical models were developed to evaluate the plastic hinge length (LP) and the ultimate drift ratio of RC columns confined with TRM and FRP jackets, while considering the jacket length effect. The FEA models and experimental results were in good agreement. The finite element results revealed that the increase in the jacket length improved the lateral deformation capacity and increased the plastic hinge length linearly up to a confinement ratio of 0.2. Beyond this point, the plastic hinge length shortened as the confinement ratio raised. Moreover, mortars with higher flexural strength resulted in a slightly higher deformation capacity. However, the difference in the mortar compressive strength did not affect the ultimate lateral deformation capacity. The semiempirical models show that the average difference in the predicted LP and the ultimate drift ratio values as compared to the experimental and simulated columns was 3.19 and 16.06%, respectively.

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Signorini, Cesare, Andrea Nobili, and Cristina Siligardi. "Sustainable mineral coating of alkali-resistant glass fibres in textile-reinforced mortar composites for structural purposes." Journal of Composite Materials 53, no. 28-30 (June 13, 2019): 4203–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998319855765.

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The mechanical performance of a silica-based mineral nano-coating applied to alkali-resistant glass textile-reinforced composite materials aimed at structural strengthening is investigated experimentally. The silica nano-film is directly applied to the alkali-resistant glass fabric by sol–gel deposition. Two lime mortars are adopted as embedding matrix, which differ by the ultimate compressive strength and elongation. Uni-axial tensile tests of prismatic coupons are carried out according to the ICC AC434 guidelines. Remarkable strength and ductility enhancements could be observed in the silica-coated group, as compared to the uncoated group, for both mortar types. Digital image correlation, electron scanning and optical microscopy provide evidence of improved interphase strength. X-ray diffraction of the anhydrous mortars brings out the role of the mineralogical composition of the embedding media on the overall bonding properties of the composites. Consideration of design limits and energy dissipation capabilities reveals the crucial role of matrix ductility in bringing the contribution of interphase enhancement to full effect. We conclude that best performance requires optimizing the pairing between fabric-to-matrix adhesion and matrix ductility.

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Al-Saidy, A. H., A. W. Hago, S. El-Gamal, and M. Dawood. "Strengthening of Historical Stone Masonry Buildings in Oman using Textile Reinforced Mortars." Journal of Engineering Research [TJER] 14, no. 1 (March 1, 2017): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/tjer.vol14iss1pp23-38.

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Most historical buildings and structures in Oman were built using unreinforced stone masonry. Such structures are prone to damage from seismic activity as these structures have negligible resistance to tensile stresses. This paper presents an exploration of the physical and chemical properties of local building materials and the results of experiments with a new strengthening technique using textile reinforced mortar. Limestone and Sarooj were the main building materials used historically in these buildings. Sarooj is a local Omani term for artificial pozzolana produced by calcining clays. Two mortar mixes were developed, one as the jointing mortar and the second as the matrix mortar. The second part of the study consisted of the construction of three masonry walls and two columns of 0.35 x 0.25 x 1.2 m (width x depth x height). The three walls were strengthened using externally bonded textiles using three different combinations of mortar and textile. One column specimen was kept as a control and the other was fully wrapped with carbon textile reinforced mortar. The walls were tested under out-of-plane four- point bending. All the wall specimens showed a significant improvement in strength up to three times its self-weight and reasonable deformation before failure. The column specimens were tested under axial compression. The failure load and displacement of the strengthened columns increased by seven and three times, respectively, compared to the control column.

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Ivorra, Salvador, Benjamín Torres, F. Javier Baeza, and David Bru. "In-plane shear cyclic behavior of windowed masonry walls reinforced with textile reinforced mortars." Engineering Structures 226 (January 2021): 111343. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2020.111343.

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Kapsalis, Panagiotis, Tine Tysmans, Svetlana Verbruggen, and Thanasis Triantafillou. "Preliminary High-Temperature Tests of Textile Reinforced Concrete (TRC)." Proceedings 2, no. 8 (June 29, 2018): 522. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/icem18-05416.

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Fire-testing of Textile Reinforced Concrete (TRC) is an interesting field in which quite limited research has been conducted so far. In this paper some preliminary tests are presented, where mortars used as binders are heated to 850 °C and their residual strength is tested, while the Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV) is also measured, before and after heating, and compared. Additionally, TRC specimens are subjected to flame exposure with a simple set-up and the residual strength is also tested by flexural tests. It is concluded that even with simple set-ups, interesting results can be obtained regarding the structural degradation of the material.

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Wang, X., Bahman Ghiassi, Daniel V. Oliveira, and C. C. Lam. "Modelling the nonlinear behaviour of masonry walls strengthened with textile reinforced mortars." Engineering Structures 134 (March 2017): 11–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2016.12.029.

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Malena, Marialaura, Marialuigia Sangirardi, Francesca Roscini, and Gianmarco de Felice. "Numerical Modelling of the Experimental Response of SRG Systems." Key Engineering Materials 817 (August 2019): 37–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.817.37.

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Modern repairing and retrofitting methods for existing structures make use of composite materials, consisting of high strength textiles and a matrix, which can be either polymeric or inorganic. These kinds of techniques have been largely applied to masonry structures, since they significantly improve structural performance with a small increase of weight and a minimum invasiveness. However, the application of organic gluing agents on masonry has revealed some well-known drawbacks, which are almost all overcome resorting to inorganic matrixes, namely cement or lime mortars. An entire class of composites is thus identified as TRM (Textile Reinforced Mortars) or FRCM (Fibre Reinforced Cementitious Matrices). Among them, Steel Reinforced Grout (SRG) are characterized by Ultra High Tensile Strength Steel (UHTSS) cords embedded in mortar matrix and their use to improve the structural performance of existing historical masonry buildings is becoming more and more diffused. Qualification tests and acceptance criteria for SRG have just been defined. Nonetheless, numerical simulation of current available test procedures is mandatory to identify peculiar aspects of the response that at a following stage become an integral part of large scale models, when entire reinforced structures or portions need to be analysed. To this end, this work presents the numerical modelling of two different direct tensile tests on SRG systems: the Clamping-grip setup (RILEM Technical Committee 232-TDT 2016) and the Clevis-grip setup (ICC-ES AC434 2016). Numerical models able to replicate experimental tests and catch fundamental differences in their failure mechanisms are present

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Farinha, Catarina Brazão, José Dinis Silvestre, Jorge de Brito, and Maria do Rosário Veiga. "Life Cycle Assessment of Mortars with Incorporation of Industrial Wastes." Fibers 7, no. 7 (July 4, 2019): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fib7070059.

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The production of waste is increasing yearly and, without a viable recycle or reutilization solution, waste is sent to landfills, where it can take thousand to years to degrade. Simultaneously, for the production of new materials, some industries continue to ignore the potential of wastes and keep on using natural resources for production. The incorporation of waste materials in mortars is a possible solution to avoid landfilling, through their recycling or reutilization. However, no evaluation of their “sustainability” in terms of environmental performance is available in the literature. In this sense, in this research a life cycle assessment was performed on mortars, namely renders, with incorporation of industrials wastes replacing sand and/or cement. For that purpose, eight environmental impact categories (abiotic depletion potential, global warming potential, ozone depletion potential, photochemical ozone creation potential, acidification potential, eutrophication potential, use of non-renewable primary energy resources, and use of renewable primary energy resources) within a “cradle to gate” boundary were analyzed for 19 mortars with incorporation of several industrial wastes: sanitary ware, glass fiber reinforced polymer, forest biomass ashes, and textile fibers. Sixteen out of the 19 mortars under analysis presented, in all environmental impact categories, an equal or better environment performance than a common mortar (used as a reference). The benefits in some environmental impacts were over 20%.

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Koutas, Lampros N., Zoi Tetta, Dionysios A. Bournas, and Thanasis C. Triantafillou. "Strengthening of Concrete Structures with Textile Reinforced Mortars: State-of-the-Art Review." Journal of Composites for Construction 23, no. 1 (February 2019): 03118001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)cc.1943-5614.0000882.

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Ferrara, Giuseppe, Carmelo Caggegi, Aron Gabor, and Enzo Martinelli. "Experimental Study on the Adhesion of Basalt Textile Reinforced Mortars (TRM) to Clay Brick Masonry: The Influence of Textile Density." Fibers 7, no. 12 (November 29, 2019): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fib7120103.

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Textile Reinforced Mortar (TRM) composite systems are gaining consensus within the scientific and technical communities as a viable and advantageous alternative to the most conventional Fibre-Reinforced Polymer (FRP) composites. Due to the good compatibility both in terms of stiffness and vapor permeability between the inorganic matrix and the substrate, the TRMs appear to be particularly well suited for strengthening masonry members and enhancing their capacity to withstand tensile and shear stresses, such as those induced by seismic shakings. This paper aims to investigate the mechanical response of a TRM system featuring an internal reinforcement made of basalt fiber textile. Therefore, the paper reports the results of an experimental campaign carried out by single-lap shear bond tests on masonry substrate reinforced by TRM strips. Three different kinds of TRM have been taken into account, each one characterized by a variable number of fabric plies. The results show that, in all cases, TRMs fail prematurely due to debonding between fabric and matrix. However, the aforementioned premature failure is the main concern emerging from these test results, and further work is requested in reformulating the matrix composition towards enhancing their tensile strength and, hence, restraining the occurrence of fabric-to-matrix debonding.

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Belliazzi, Stefano, Gian Piero Lignola, and Andrea Prota. "Textile reinforced mortars systems: a sustainable way to retrofit structural masonry walls under tsunami loads." International Journal of Masonry Research and Innovation 3, no. 3 (2018): 200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijmri.2018.093484.

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Prota, Andrea, Stefano Belliazzi, and Gian Piero Lignola. "Textile reinforced mortars systems: a sustainable way to retrofit structural masonry walls under tsunami loads." International Journal of Masonry Research and Innovation 3, no. 3 (2018): 200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijmri.2018.10014181.

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Pohoryles, D. A., and D. A. Bournas. "Seismic retrofit of infilled RC frames with textile reinforced mortars: State-of-the-art review and analytical modelling." Composites Part B: Engineering 183 (February 2020): 107702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2019.107702.

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Torres, Benjamín, Salvador Ivorra, F. Javier Baeza, Luis Estevan, and Borja Varona. "Textile reinforced mortars (TRM) for repairing and retrofitting masonry walls subjected to in-plane cyclic loads. An experimental approach." Engineering Structures 231 (March 2021): 111742. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2020.111742.

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Garcia-Ramonda, Larisa, Luca Pelá, Pere Roca, and Guido Camata. "In-plane shear behaviour by diagonal compression testing of brick masonry walls strengthened with basalt and steel textile reinforced mortars." Construction and Building Materials 240 (April 2020): 117905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.117905.

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Triantafillou, Thanasis C., Kyriakos Karlos, Panagiotis Kapsalis, and Loukia Georgiou. "Innovative Structural and Energy Retrofitting System for Masonry Walls Using Textile Reinforced Mortars Combined with Thermal Insulation: In-Plane Mechanical Behavior." Journal of Composites for Construction 22, no. 5 (October 2018): 04018029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)cc.1943-5614.0000869.

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De Risi, Maria Teresa, André Furtado, Hugo Rodrigues, José Melo, Gerardo Mario Verderame, Arêde António, Humberto Varum, and Gaetano Manfredi. "Experimental analysis of strengthening solutions for the out-of-plane collapse of masonry infills in RC structures through textile reinforced mortars." Engineering Structures 207 (March 2020): 110203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2020.110203.

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Karlos, Kyriakos, Aristomenis Tsantilis, and Thanasis Triantafillou. "Integrated Seismic and Energy Retrofitting System for Masonry Walls Using Textile-Reinforced Mortars Combined with Thermal Insulation: Experimental, Analytical, and Numerical Study." Journal of Composites Science 4, no. 4 (December 16, 2020): 189. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcs4040189.

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Taking into consideration the seismic vulnerability of older buildings and the increasing need for reducing their carbon footprint and energy consumption, the application of an innovative system is investigated; the system is based on the use of textile-reinforced mortar (TRM) and thermal insulation as a means of combined seismic and energy retrofitting of existing masonry walls. Medium-scale tests were carried out on masonry walls subjected to out-of-plane cyclic loading. The following parameters were investigated experimentally: placement of the TRM in a sandwich form (over and under the insulation) or outside the insulation, one-sided or two-sided TRM jacketing and/or insulation, and the displacement amplitude of the loading cycles. A simple analytical method is developed and found in good agreement with the test results. Additionally, numerical modeling is carried out and also found in good agreement with the test results. From the results obtained in this study, the authors believe that TRM jacketing may be combined effectively with thermal insulation, increasing the overall strength and energy efficiency of the masonry panels in buildings.

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Triantafillou, Thanasis C., Kyriakos Karlos, Kalliopi Kefalou, and Eirini Argyropoulou. "An innovative structural and energy retrofitting system for URM walls using textile reinforced mortars combined with thermal insulation: Mechanical and fire behavior." Construction and Building Materials 133 (February 2017): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.12.032.

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Le Chi, Hiep, Petr Louda, Aravin Periyasamy, Totka Bakalova, and Vladimir Kovacic. "Flexural Behavior of Carbon Textile-Reinforced Geopolymer Composite Thin Plate." Fibers 6, no. 4 (November 8, 2018): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fib6040087.

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Textile-reinforced Portland cement-based concrete has been researched and developed over the last few decades. It was widely used in a different range of applications, such as repair and/or strengthening of structural elements, thin walls, lightweight structures, façade elements, and others. Due to its varied application, this study aims to develop the carbon textile-reinforced geopolymer composite. Specimens of rectangular form with the dimensions of 400 × 100 × 15 mm3, reinforced with carbon textile, were produced. Four-point bending test was used to evaluate the effect of carbon textile on the mechanical strength of reinforced geopolymer composite based on the three factors: the different mortar compositions corresponding to the addition of the chopped basalt fiber (BF), the number of carbon textile layers, and the different thicknesses of the mortar cover layer. Besides that, a small part of the pull-out test was also considered to assess the adhesion strength at the interface between carbon textile and geopolymer mortar. The experimental results from the four-point bending test showed that the mechanical strength of composite specimens increased when the content of the chopped basalt fiber increased. With the increasing number of the textile layers, the specimens improved the flexural strength significantly. However, the flexural toughness of the specimens reinforced with three textile layers did not improve, as compared to those reinforced with two textile layers. The experimental results for the specimens related to the mortar cover thicknesses indicated that specimens with the mortar cover thickness of 2 mm provide the best strength. The experimental results from the pull-out tests showed that all the specimens have the same failure mode by slipping of the fiber yarn from the matrix.

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Colombo, Isabella, Matteo Colombo, Anna Magri, Giulio Zani, and Marco di Prisco. "Textile Reinforced Mortar at High Temperatures." Applied Mechanics and Materials 82 (July 2011): 202–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.82.202.

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Textile Reinforced Mortar (TRM) is a composite made by fine grained matrix and glass fabric reinforcement. The main advantages of this material are the reinforcement orientation in the tensile stress direction, no concrete cover requirement against corrosion and the capability to produce thin and light weight elements. Special attention was given by researchers to the time dependent loss in strength of AR-glass reinforcement embedded in a cement based matrix. Some research has shown durability models to calculate the amount to the strength loss related to material, humidity and temperature. Nevertheless, the behaviour of TRM when exposed to high temperature requires further investigations. A suitable experimental programme was planned to investigate the behaviour of TRM when exposed to high temperatures. Uniaxial tensile tests were performed after thermal cycle on 400 mm x 70 mm specimens 6 mm thick, reinforced with 2 layer of AR-glass fabric. Several thermal thresholds (20, 200, 400 and 600°C) were considered for the mechanical characterization in fire condition. Thermal cycles were performed in an oven using a heating rate of 30°C/h up to the maximum temperature and by a cooling branch at 15°C/h after a stabilization phase at the maximum temperature.

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Le Chi, Hiep, Petr Louda, Su Le Van, Lukas Volesky, Vladimir Kovacic, and Totka Bakalova. "Composite Performance Evaluation of Basalt Textile-Reinforced Geopolymer Mortar." Fibers 7, no. 7 (July 11, 2019): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fib7070063.

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Basalt fiber is a novel type of inorganic fiber which is produced from the extrusion of natural vocalnic basalt rocks through their melting process at high temperature. So the quality and strength characteristics of basalt fiber depend mainly on both the quality of raw material and manufacturing processing. Basalt fabric-reinforced cementitious composites (FRCM) are a novel composite and an extensive scientific investigation is still ongoing for geopolymer composite. Based on three types of basalt textile with respect to various net sizes, the aim of this paper is to evaluate the flexural performance of basalt textile-reinforced geopolymer composite through the four-point bending test. The specimens of rectangular form with the dimension of 400 × 100 × 15 mm3, reinforced with one to four layers of each type of basalt textile, were produced. They were then tested at the age of about 40 days after casting. On the other hand, the number of the specimens reinforced with four layers were considered to assess the mechanical strength of the specimens at longer periods of ageing time (60, 90, 150, 180 days). The experimental results showed that with the increasing number of reinforcing layers, the specimens significantly improved the mechanical strength, except for those reinforced with basalt textile of big net size. The specimens reinforced with basalt textile of big net size had no impact on post-crack mechanical strength, however, it helps to arrest the catastrophic brittle failure of the specimens; the failure of these specimens is due to localization of first crack. When the specimens were exposed to the further ageing times, the mechanical strength of the specimens were decreased over time. All the reinforced specimens have the same failure mode by flexural failure due to the rupture of fiber yarn in matrix, and no debonding of fiber yarn or a gradual peeling process of mortar matrix happened during testing.

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Kristiawan, Stefanus, Bambang Santosa, Edy Purwanto, and Rachmad A. Caesar. "Slant shear strength of fibre reinforced polyvinyl acetate (PVA) modified mortar." MATEC Web of Conferences 195 (2018): 01016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819501016.

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Strengthening of reinforced concrete elements can be carried out using a variety of materials and techniques. One of such materials is textile reinforced concrete (TRC). This material consists of a matrix, usually made of mortar, and textile as reinforcement. This study aims to produce mortar that meets the characteristic of a TRC matrix with respect to an adequate bond strength. The type of mortar developed in this study was fibre reinforced polyvinyl acetate (PVA) modified mortar. The bond strength of this material to the parent concrete was tested by the slant shear method. The results indicate that the amount of PVA content affects the magnitude of the bond strength. The higher the PVA content, the higher the bond strength. The results also confirm that the relationship between the bond strengths and their corresponding compressive strengths tends to be linear.

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Park, Jongho, Sun-Kyu Park, and Sungnam Hong. "Experimental Study of Flexural Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Beam Strengthened with Prestressed Textile-Reinforced Mortar." Materials 13, no. 5 (March 4, 2020): 1137. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13051137.

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In this study, nine specimens were experimentally tested to analyze the strengthening efficiency of textile-reinforced mortar (TRM) and the difference in flexural behavior between prestressed and non-prestressed TRM-strengthened reinforced concrete beam. The test results show that TRM strengthening improves the flexural strength of TRM-strengthened reinforced concrete beams with alkali-resistant-(AR-) glass textile as well as that with carbon textile. However, in the case of textile prestressing, the strengthening efficiency for flexural strength of the AR-glass textile was higher than that of the carbon textile. The flexural stiffness of AR-glass textiles increased when prestressing was introduced and the use of carbon textiles can be advantageous to reduce the decreasing ratio of flexural stiffness as the load increased. In the failure mode, textile prestressing prevents the damage of textiles effectively owing to the crack and induces the debonding of the TRM.

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Caggegi, Carmelo, Giuseppe Ferrara, Emma Lanoye, Đức Bình Nguyễn, Aron Gabor, and Enzo Martinelli. "Experimental Study on the Effectiveness of Masonry-Basalt TRM Reinforced Systems Characterized by Different Fiber Grid Densities." Key Engineering Materials 747 (July 2017): 266–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.747.266.

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The use of Textile Reinforced Mortar (TRM) systems is emerging as a suitable solution for strengthening historical masonry buildings, as they are made of compatible materials often resulting in limited and reversible interventions. Moreover, TRM systems reinforced by basalt textile are a very promising solution. This study presents the results of single shear-lap tests intended at defining and comparing the effectiveness of three reinforced basalt TRM-masonry systems characterized by different strengthening ratios. These systems have been obtained by inserting one, two or three basalt grids in the TRM composite. The experimental results show that a slippage of the fiber roving within the mortar matrix frequently occurs in the reinforced system characterized by a low strengthening ratio; the increase in fiber grid density often results in a brittle debonding between the lower and the upper layer of mortar matrix. The results show that a high strengthening ratio may result in decreasing the strengthening performances.

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De Santis, Stefano, Francesca Giulia Carozzi, Gianmarco de Felice, and Carlo Poggi. "Test methods for Textile Reinforced Mortar systems." Composites Part B: Engineering 127 (October 2017): 121–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2017.03.016.

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da Porto, Francesca, Giovanni Guidi, Nicolò Verlato, and Claudio Modena. "Effectiveness of plasters and textile reinforced mortars for strengthening clay masonry infill walls subjected to combined in-plane/out-of-plane actions / Wirksamkeit von Putz und textilbewehrtem Mörtel bei der Verstärkung von Ausfachungswänden aus Ziegel." Mauerwerk 19, no. 5 (October 2015): 334–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dama.201500673.

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Tysmans, Tine, and Jan Wastiels. "Editorial on Special Issue “Textile-Reinforced Cement Composites: New Insights into Structural and Material Engineering”." Applied Sciences 10, no. 2 (January 13, 2020): 576. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10020576.

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This special issue presents the latest advances in the field of Textile-Reinforced Cement Composites, including Textile-Reinforced Concrete (TRC), Textile-Reinforced Mortar (TRM), Fabric-Reinforced Cementitious Matrix (FRCM), etc. These composite materials distinguish themselves from other fibre reinforced concrete materials by their strain-hardening behaviour under tensile loading. This Special Issue is composed of 14 papers covering new insights in structural and material engineering. The papers include investigations on the level of the fibre reinforcement system as well as on the level of the composites, investigating their impact and fatigue behaviour, durability and fire behaviour. Both strengthening of existing structures and development of new structural systems such as lightweight sandwich systems are presented, and analysis and design methods are discussed. This Special Issue demonstrates the broadness and intensity of the ongoing advancements in the field of Textile-Reinforced Cement composites and the importance of several future research directions.

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Dheyab, Amenah, and Saad Raoof. "Textile-Reinforced Mortar (TRM) Strengthened One-Way Reinforced Concrete Slabs." Tikrit Journal of Engineering Sciences 28, no. 2 (July 16, 2021): 107–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjes.28.2.09.

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The issue of upgrading and strengthening the reinforced concrete (RC) infrastructure has become of great importance. Recently, textile-reinforced mortar (TRM) was used in the field of structural strengthening. In the current study, using of TRM for flexural retrofitting of one-way reinforced concrete (RC) slabs was experimentally and theoretically investigated. The parameters examined included; the number of TRM layers (1, 3, 5 layers) and the strengthening configuration fully and partially). For this purpose, eight specimens were prepared and tested under three points- loading up to failure. The result showed that the TRM increases substantially the flexural capacity of RC slabs. The highest flexural capacity increase recorded was 103 %. It was also noted that increasing the number of retrofitting layers resulted in different increases in the flexural capacity. It was also shown that the strengthening configuration plays an important role in the effectiveness of the technique. The fully covered approach showed higher loading capacity than the partial cover technique provided that the same TRM layer is applied. Finally, the ultimate moment of the strengthened specimens was calculated theoretically and compared with that obtained experimentally. The results of calculations showed a good agreement between the theoretical and experimental results.

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Askouni, Paraskevi D., and Catherine “Corina” G. Papanicolaou. "Role of Mortar Joints in Textile Reinforced Mortar-to-Masonry Bond." Journal of Composites for Construction 24, no. 6 (December 2020): 04020069. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)cc.1943-5614.0001056.

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Zhou, Fen, Huanhui Liu, Yunxing Du, Lingling Liu, Deju Zhu, and Wei Pan. "Uniaxial Tensile Behavior of Carbon Textile Reinforced Mortar." Materials 12, no. 3 (January 25, 2019): 374. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12030374.

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This paper investigates the effects of the reinforcement ratio, volume fraction of steel fibers, and prestressing on the uniaxial tensile behavior of carbon textile reinforced mortar (CTRM) through uniaxial tensile tests. The results show that the tensile strength of CTRM specimens increases with the reinforcement ratio, however the textile–matrix bond strength becomes weaker and debonding can occur. Short steel fibers are able to improve the mechanical properties of the entire CTRM composite and provide additional “shear resistant ability” to enhance the textile– matrix bond strength, resulting in finer cracks with smaller spacing and width. Investigations into the fracture surfaces using an optical microscope clarify these inferences. Increases in first-crack stress and tensile strength are also observed in prestressed TRM specimens. In this study, the combination of 1% steel fibers and prestressing at 15% of the ultimate tensile strength of two-layer textiles is found to be the optimum configuration, producing the highest first-crack stress and tensile strength and the most reasonable multi-cracking pattern.

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de Santis, Stefano, Francesca Roscini, and Gianmarco de Felice. "Retrofitting Masonry Vaults with Basalt Textile Reinforced Mortar." Key Engineering Materials 747 (July 2017): 250–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.747.250.

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Due to their slenderness, masonry vaults are particularly vulnerable against unsymmetrical service loads, support displacements and seismic actions. Retrofitting works are therefore needed in numerous existing structures to ensure an adequate safety level according to current standard codes. This paper describes an experimental investigation carried out in the laboratory on two full-scale vault mock-ups. One of them was tested unreinforced, while the other one was strengthened with a basalt mesh applied at the extrados with lime-based mortar. Aiming at reproducing the actual condition of brick vaults in historic constructions, the specimens were provided with buttresses and filling. The load was applied over the filling at 1/3 of the span and increased cyclically up to failure. The tests provided the increase in load-carrying capacity attained with the basalt TRM reinforcement and the modification of the associated failure mode.

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Bhoi, Suman Swati Priya, Gyuyong Kim, Hongseop Kim, Sanggyu Lee, and Joongkyu Jeon. "Flexure Performance of Two-Dimensional Textile Reinforced Mortar." Advanced Science Letters 22, no. 11 (November 1, 2016): 3323–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/asl.2016.7867.

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Truong, Gia Toai, Ngoc Hieu Dinh, Sang Hyun Park, Seung Jae Lee, Joo Young Kim, and Kyoung Kyu Choi. "Influence of Coating on Mechanical Performance of Lap-Spliced Carbon Fiber-Textile Reinforced Mortar (TRM)." Materials Science Forum 972 (October 2019): 64–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.972.64.

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In this study, the effect of coating methods in the lap splice area on mechanical performance of lap-spliced carbon textile reinforced mortar (TRM) composites was investigated. The coating methods included textile reinforcement coated with epoxy, textile reinforcement coated with aluminum oxide powder and epoxy, and textile reinforcement coated with aluminum oxide powder, epoxy, and carbon fiber fabrics. It appears that the coated specimens showed higher peak strength and ultimate strain than those of the uncoated one.

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Giese, Andressa Cristine Hamilko, Davi Nowicki Giese, Vanessa Fátima Pasa Dutra, and Luiz Carlos Pinto Da Silva Filho. "Flexural behavior of reinforced concrete beams strengthened with textile reinforced mortar." Journal of Building Engineering 33 (January 2021): 101873. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2020.101873.

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Liu, Dejun, Hongwei Huang, Jianping Zuo, Kang Duan, Yadong Xue, and Yingjie Li. "Experimental and numerical study on short eccentric columns strengthened by textile-reinforced concrete under sustaining load." Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites 36, no. 23 (August 16, 2017): 1712–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0731684417725396.

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For the eccentric compression structures which cannot be strengthened by wrap method, this paper presents an experimental and numerical study on flexural strengthening by applying textile reinforced concrete at the tensile face. Seven short columns were constructed and tested under eccentric load. One of the columns did not receive any strengthening and was used as the control column, whereas the rest six were externally upgraded by textile-reinforced concrete layers. The main parameters taken into account covered: (a) type of mortar, (b) preload level, and (c) number of textile-reinforced concrete layers. Besides the experimental program, a numerical investigation utilizing non-linear finite element analysis was carried out and a good agreement was obtained between the experimental and numerical results. Further, the numerical analysis was extended to additional cases to deepen the understanding of flexural-enhancing mechanism . It is concluded that textile-reinforced concrete substantially increases the flexural capacity of the eccentric compression columns; the more the textile layer, the greater the gain. However, the preload has an apparently adverse influence on the strengthening effectiveness, as it causes the strain loss of the textile; the bigger the preload level, the more the loss.

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Park, Jongho, Sungnam Hong, and Sun-Kyu Park. "Experimental Study on Flexural Behavior of TRM-Strengthened RC Beam: Various Types of Textile-Reinforced Mortar with Non-Impregnated Textile." Applied Sciences 9, no. 10 (May 15, 2019): 1981. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9101981.

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In this study, to compare strengthening efficiency and flexural behaviors of textile- reinforced mortar (TRM) according to various types of strengthening methods without the textile being impregnated, ten specimens were tested. The results showed that TRM was beneficial for uniform distribution of cracks and increased the strengthening efficiency and load-bearing capacity, as textile reinforcement ratio and textile lamination increased and the mesh size of the textile decreased and mechanical end anchorage applied. However, the strengthening effect was shown obviously until the yield load considering structural safety and serviceability.

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Al-Lami, Karrar, Tommaso D’Antino, and Pierluigi Colombi. "Durability of Fabric-Reinforced Cementitious Matrix (FRCM) Composites: A Review." Applied Sciences 10, no. 5 (March 2, 2020): 1714. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10051714.

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Strengthening and rehabilitation of masonry and concrete structures by means of externally bonded fabric-reinforced cementitious matrix (FRCM) (also referred to as textile reinforced mortar (TRM)) composites was proposed as an alternative to the use of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites due to their good mechanical properties and compatibility with the substrate. However, quite limited studies are available in the literature regarding the long-term behavior of FRCM composites with respect to different environmental conditions. This paper presents a thorough review of the available researches on the long-term behavior of FRCM composites. Namely, (i) test set-ups employed to study the FRCM durability, (ii) conditioning environments adopted, and (iii) long-term performance of FRCM and its component materials (mortar and fiber textile) subjected to direct tensile and bond tests, are presented and discussed. Based on the available results, some open issues that need to be covered in future studies are pointed out.

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Truong, Gia Toai, Sung-Ho Park, and Kyoung-Kyu Choi. "Tensile Behaviors of Lap-Spliced Carbon Fiber-Textile Reinforced Mortar Composites Exposed to High Temperature." Materials 12, no. 9 (May 9, 2019): 1512. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12091512.

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The tensile behaviors of textile-reinforced mortar (TRM) composites made with carbon fiber textile and alumina cement-based mortar were investigated through direct tensile tests. Three different surface treatment details in the lap splice area were used to improve the tensile behaviors of the TRM composites: carbon fiber textile impregnated by epoxy, carbon fiber textile coated with aluminum oxide powder following epoxy impregnation, and carbon fiber textile coated with aluminum oxide powder following both carbon fiber fabric attachment and epoxy impregnation. Three different lap splice lengths were used 180, 200, and 220 mm. In addition, the tensile properties of TRM composites following exposure to high temperature were investigated as well. In this test, TRM test specimens were exposed to two different temperature histories with maximum values of 250 and 350 °C. The results of the test specimens according to the test parameters were analyzed in terms of initial stiffness, cracking strength, corresponding strain at cracking, modulus of elasticity in the cracked stage, peak strength, and ultimate strain. The influence of lap splice length on the tensile behaviors of the TRM composites was analyzed and discussed. The surface treatment in the overlapping region showed ductile behavior and resulted in a significant improvement of the peak strength and ultimate strain over the untreated lap splice textile. Following exposure to high temperature, the TRM composites showed a reduction of tensile responses compared to those cured at room temperature. In addition, a prediction model developed in the previous study was used to predict the tensile behaviors of the lap-spliced carbon fiber-textile reinforced mortar composites exposed to high temperature, and the prediction by the model showed a good agreement with the experimental results.

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Signorini, Cesare, Antonella Sola, Andrea Nobili, and Cristina Siligardi. "Lime-cement textile reinforced mortar (TRM) with modified interphase." Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Functional Materials 17, no. 1 (January 2019): 228080001982782. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2280800019827823.

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Background: Lack of interphase compatibility between the fabric and the matrix significantly impairs the load-bearing capacity of textile reinforced mortar (TRM). In this study, we consider the application of two inorganic surface coatings for enhancing the interphase bond properties. Methods: Either of two silica-based coatings, namely nano- and micro-silica, were applied to alkali-resistant glass (ARG) and to hybrid carbon–ARG woven fabric. Mechanical performance of TRM reinforced with the uncoated and the coated fabric was compared in uniaxial tensile tests. Results: Mechanical testing provides evidence of a remarkable enhancement in terms of ultimate strength and deformability for the coated specimens. This effect can be ascribed to the improved hydrophilicity of the fibers’ surface and to the activation of pozzolanic reaction at the interphase. In addition, penetration of nano- and microparticles in the bundle of the textile yarns reduces the occurrence of telescopic failure.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Textile-reinforced mortars'

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