Dissertations / Theses: 'Textile wastewater treatment'

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ACTIS, GRANDE GIUSEPPE. "Treatment of wastewater from textile dyeing by ozonization." Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2591378.

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Wet processes for textile production are one of the largest water consuming and polluting sources. Quite usually, at the end of the dyeing process, a noticeable amount of dyes remains in wastewater as is not absorbed by fibres, leading to wastewater colouration. Dyes show resistance to degradation in the environment, since their peculiarity is chemical stability. Besides visual problems, the effect of residual dyes is negative on aquatic life because they inhibit sunlight transmission and may enter in the food chain. Generally, conventional biological treatment alone cannot guarantee adequate characteristics to treated water to allow the discharge into the environment or reuse in other processes. Specifically, a high salt content and residual colour are still present in the treated water after secondary treatments. Salt content can be remove using membrane filtration equipment instead the most profitable operation to remove colour appears oxidation. Other techniques, such as coagulation-flocculation, adsorption, membrane filtration, activated sludge, were studied to remove colour but land filling or incineration must be considered as final process. On the contrary, oxidation steps demolish the contaminant at molecular scale, even though not necessary the oxidation is complete. Generally ozone, being an oxidant agent, has a high oxidation potential (even at a low concentration), high efficiency in decomposition of organic matter, adds oxygen to water and has process low sensitivity to changes in temperature. Ozone is able to break up the conjugated bonds of organic matter thanks to a direct reaction between ozone and the organic compound or indirectly through the generation of hydroxyl radicals. The degradation of dyes with O3 is a typical two phase reaction where an effective transfer of ozone from gas to liquid is a critical point. On the other hand, the kinetics of decolouration is usually fast. Therefore, the mass transfer is the rate limiting step. To achieve the best mass transfer condition, several gas diffusers and gas–liquid contactors have been proposed in literature such as turbines, ejectors, gas diffusers (sintered glass diffuser), etc. An innovative operative procedure took into account in this work was cavitation: it was considered as the mean to increase mass transfer of ozone in liquid medium. For this reason, an experimental equipment (Multi-task reactor) was designed and built (Fig. 1). Two types of cavitation were considered: hydrodynamic cavitation by ejector and ultrasound cavitation. The two types of cavitations were used separately or simultaneously in order to clean wastewater from different dyes typology (namely acid, cationic, reactive and disperse dyes). In addition, hydrodynamic and ultrasonic cavitation was used to work alone to decolourise wastewater. Cavitations are able to produce free radicals, such as hydroxyl radicals, which can be used to attack dye cromophores groups of dye molecule. A bubble column reactor was built to compare the decolourisation results obtained in the Multi-task reactor. Bubble column was used as benchmark because represent the most common technology in wastewater decolouration. First of all, decolouration experiments were performed in the multi-task equipment in liquid batch conditions. After that, continuous tests were carried out and the results were compared with bubble column equipment decolouration experiments at the same operational conditions (liquid residence time, gas flow rate, ozone dose, dyestuffs and its concentration). Taking into account the final experiment results, only ultrasound cavitation was able to improve decolouration degree in the case of disperse dye. Comparing the experimental decolouration results obtained with the mentioned technologies, bubble reactor seem to be the best technology for oxidizing treatment. Moreover, fluid dynamic study was performed to bubble column reactor in order to study dye transport mechanisms along the reactor height considering different physical-chemical characteristics. Finally, dyeing test were performed using ozonated wastewater. Wastewater originated from an industrial wool dyeing process was ozonated at different treatment time to obtain different decolouration degree. After that, treated water was reused to dye wool. The benchmark wool dyed with fresh water and wool dyed using ozonated wastewater were compared using a reflection spectrophotometry. In this way, minimum decolouration percentage was discover to obtain a quality parameter to reuse water in dyeing processes, namely color reproducibility.

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Forss, Jörgen. "Microbial treatment of textile wastewater applicable in developing countries." Doctoral thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för teknik, TEK, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-23507.

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Carolan, R. P. "Industrial wastewater treatment by dissolved air flotation and sedimentation." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.368757.

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Aris, Azmi. "Fenton's reaction system for the treatment of textile dyeing wastewater." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.606934.

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In fulfilling the needs of the society, the introduction of new synthetic chemicals into the industry have created a new threat to the environment. Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) are one of the treatment technologies currently being developed to deal with this problem. Fenton's Reagent (FR) can be considered as the oldest AOPs available today. In this thesis, study has been conducted to explore the effect of several reaction variables on FR and ultra-violet (UV) photo-Fenton processes. The aim of this study was to improve the process through manipulation of these variables which include mixing intensity, reagent dosing strategy (i.e. addition timing and position), initial dissolved oxygen content (IOOe) and UV light intensity. With consideration to the wastewater generated by textile dyeing industry, a reactive dyestuff, Reactive Black S (RBS) was used as the model pollutant. Within the range of the experimental conditions used in this study, the RBS was found to be easily decolourised by FR. RBS was observed to further increase the degradation of HZ02, which is expected to generate more hydroxyl radicals (HO·) for better RBS degradation. Mineralisation of the dyestuff, however, required higher reagents dosage and longer reaction time. Mixing intensity was found to have a significant effect on the process. The behaviour of the mixing effect appears to be a function of reagents dosing strategy applied. In general, increasing mixing intensity was found to improve the RBS mineralisation in the early stages. For a given dosing strategy, this effect was still observed later. A very high mixing rate, however, caused reduction in TOe removal. The requirement for mixing intensity could be reduced by adopting an appropriate dosing strategy, hence reducing the potential process operational cost. Initial dissolved oxygen content was also observed to have a significant influence on the FR process. Reducing the looe was found to enhance the process performance. However, the influence was trivial for the photo-Fenton process. The presence of UV light greatly enhances the FR process and the light intensity also has significant effect on the process. The significance of some of the factors was observed to change as the reaction progress. Several factors were also found to affect the process interactively and some of the effects as a function of the factors were non-linear.

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Dao, Minh Trung, Thi Thanh Ngoc Tran, Thi Thao Tran Nguyen, Kim Dinh Ngo, and Vo Chau Ngan Nguyen. "Natural auxiliary coagulants - perspectives for the treatment of textile wastewater." Technische Universität Dresden, 2016. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A32616.

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Applying chemical coagulants and auxiliary coagulants in wastewater treatment has become more popular in Vietnam. Although the efficacy of chemical coagulants has been well recognized, there are disadvantages associated with the use of these products, such as the inefficiency at low temperatures, increasing the residual cation in solution, causing health problems and distribution water, relatively high cost, producing high volume of sludge. Thus, it is desirable to replace these chemical coagulants for products that do not generate such drawbacks, such as natural polymers. In this paper, the authors conducted experiments by using natural auxiliary coagulants extracted from seeds of Cassia fistula (gum MHY) and chemical polymer as auxiliary coagulation to treat textile wastewater with basic polluted parameters: pH = 9.0; COD = 800 mgO2/L, color = 750 Pt-Co. The Jartest experiment results showed that the process efficiency of chemical polymer and gum MHY is not so different, with the COD removal efficiencies of 60.3% and 59.7%; the color removal efficiencies of 87.3% and 87.1%; the SS removal efficiencies of 93.2% and 92.6%. There-fore, coagulants obtained from gum MHY can be applied as the alternatives for chemical polymer in the process of treating textile wastewater.
Các ứng dụng chất keo tụ và chất trợ keo tụ hóa học trong xử lý nước thải ngày càng trở nên phổ biến tại Việt Nam. Mặc dù có nhiều ghi nhận về hiệu quả xử lý của chất keo tụ hóa học, phương pháp xử lý này vẫn tồn tại một số nhược điểm như hiệu suất xử lý thấp ở nhiệt độ thấp, nước thải sau khi xử lý còn chứa nhiều hóa chất tiếp tục làm ô nhiễm nguồn tiếp nhận, chi phí xử lý cao và tạo ra nhiều bùn thải. Do đó việc tìm kiếm một phương án xử lý thay thế, chẳng hạn sử dụng polymer tự nhiên, có thể khắc phục những nhược điểm này là rất cần thiết. Nghiên cứu này tiến hành đánh giá hiệu quả sử dụng chất trợ keo tụ sinh học ly trích từ hạt trái Muồng Hoàng yến (Cassia fistula) và chất trợ keo tụ hóa học để xử lý nước thải dệt nhuộm có các thông số ô nhiễm cơ bản: pH = 9,0; COD = 800 mgO2/L, độ màu = 750 Pt-Co. Các thí nghiệm trên bộ Jartest cho thấy hiệu quả xử lý nước thải dệt nhuộm của chất trợ keo tụ gum Muồng Hoàng yến và chất trợ keo tụ hóa học không khác biệt có ý nghĩa với hiệu suất xử lý COD lần lượt là 60,3 và 59,7%; hiệu suất xử lý độ màu là 87,3 và 87,1%; xử lý SS là 93,2 và 92,6%. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy gum hạt Muồng Hoàng yến có thể sử dụng làm chất trợ keo tụ thay thế chất trợ keo tụ hóa học trong xử lý ô nhiễm nước thải dệt nhuộm.

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Weinberg, Marla Kaye. "The effectiveness of an electrochemical treatment process and its applications in textile wastewater treatment." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/8697.

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Ng, Chi Po. "Treatment of textile wastewater by combined photo-fenton and biological process /." View abstract or full-text, 2005. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?EVNG%202005%20NG.

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Yaseen, D. A. "Treatment of synthetic wastewater containing textile dyes with experimental constructed wetlands." Thesis, University of Salford, 2018. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/47255/.

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A global increase in industrialisation has resulted in the rapid growth of textile industries in developing countries, leading to a high rise in the overall discharge of a broad range of pollutants. Amongst these pollutants is dye wastewater, which frequently has mutagenic and carcinogenic effects on humans and animals, depending on the receiving watercourses as a source for drinking water. In contrast to traditional high-rate wastewater treatment units, passive biological treatment technologies, such as constructed wetlands are a sustainable and cost-effective alternative technology to treat large quantities of contaminated water, especially in places where land costs are low. Four small scale experiments were conducted between July 2014 and June 2017 using plastic containers simulating constructed wetland planted with Common Duckweed (Lemna minor) for assessing the system performance, as a polishing stage, for the treatment of synthetic wastewater containing dyes: acid blue 113 (AB113), reactive blue 198 (RB198), basic red 46 (BR46) and direct orange 46 (DO46), with the main focus on removal of the dyes. The novelty of this research was to cover five prominent gaps in the literature, related to the treatment of dye effluents using free-floating plant-based constructed wetland systems under hydroponic conditions. These gaps have not been previously investigated with this system, which include: treatment of four dyes, which have not been treated before using this economic system; evaluate the system performance and the removal mechanism, in detail, for long-term operation as a polishing stage; assess the performance of identical systems for treating the same dye wastewaters under both semi-natural and controlled conditions; studying the effect of pH adjustment during the operation period; and treatment of mixed dyes (real cases) of textile effluents. The overall findings showed that the systems removed BR46 more efficiently than the other dyes studied, and ponds containing L. minor significantly (p<0.05) outperformed algae-dominated and control ponds. The potential of L. minor ponds for the treatment of BR46 was significantly (p<0.05) better under controlled conditions than those under semi-natural conditions. The impact of pH was negligible concerning the treatment of BR46. In addition, the potential for BR46 degradation when it forms only part of a dye mixture is lower, compared to its corresponding removal as an individual dye. Furthermore, only ponds containing L. minor completely eliminated BR46 by removing the aromatic amines after dye decolourisation. Regarding the main water quality parameters, the findings showed that the removal efficiencies of chemical oxygen demand were not significantly different in all design variables. The reduction of nutrients was considerably higher in planted ponds than in controls. Based on L. minor monitoring, all dyes reduced the growth of L. minor, and the synthetic textile wastewater negatively affected the plants’ growth compared with wastewater containing fertiliser. The overall outcomes of this research provide a better understanding of the long-term performance of shallow ponds technology using different al conditions and design variables for the treatment of dye wastewater. Consequently, this will be a tremendous value for wetland ponds engineers to foster the practical development of this system as a low-cost alternative for helping developing countries.

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Opdycke, Mary Ellen. "Physicochemical and biological treatment of a textile dyeing and finishing wastewater." Thesis, This resource online, 1995. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-01312009-063352/.

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Boe, Randall William. "Pilot-scale study on anaerobic/aerobic treatment of a textile dye wastewater." Thesis, This resource online, 1993. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-10312009-020231/.

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Esteves, Sandra Raquel Ramires. "Monitoring and control of biological textile wastewater treatment using artificial neural networks." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.395353.

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Visser, Gunnar Lieb. "Permeable reaction barrier system for the treatment of textile wastewater using cobalt oxide." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2631.

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Thesis (MEng (Chemical Engineering))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2018.
Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) have gained considerable interest in the wastewater treatment industry. Low selectivity to organic pollutants and the high oxidation potentials provided by the free radicals produced from these processes are the root of this interest. Hydroxyl radical based AOPs seemed to dominate the field but recently sulphate radical based AOPs started to become more popular due to their even higher oxidation potential. The textile industry is known to be a considerable contributor to wastewater production. Many pollutants in this wastewater are organic pollutants which are very persistent to the more traditional treatment processes such as biological treatment and membrane filtration. Numerous studies have shown the potential and success of catalytic AOPs for the degradation of organic pollutants in wastewater. One such process is the use of a cobalt oxide nano-catalyst in conjunction with a peroxymonosulfate (PMS) oxidizer (Co3O4/PMS). The shortcoming with nano-catalysts however are the difficulty of recovering the catalyst in a slurry system or the effective immobilization of the catalyst in a continuous system. To address the issue of nano-catalyst immobilization, two different methods were used in the study to effectively immobilize the catalyst in a substrate. The methods were compared by utilizing the permeable reaction barriers in a continuous flow reactor. A bench scale reactor of 2.4 L/hr was designed and used to study the effect of PMS, catalyst mass and flow rate on the degradation efficiency and to determine the residence time and catalyst per PRB cross-sectional area ratio. A scale up rationale was formulated based on a constant residence time and the catalyst mass per PRB cross-sectional area ratio. Two design correlations were developed to predict the size of the permeable barrier and the catalyst mass required for the scale up PRB system. These parameters were used to design a reactor 30 times that of the bench scale reactor. In both reactors the optimum degradation occurred within 2 minutes indicating the success for catalyst immobilization and the development of a continuous reactor utilizing the Co3O4/PMS advanced oxidation technology.

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Hussein, A. "Azo textile dyes wastewater treatment with constructed wetlands : design and operation of experimental vertical-flow constructed wetlands applied for the treatment of azo textile dyes (with/without artificial wastewater)." Thesis, University of Salford, 2017. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/43774/.

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Wetlands have long played a significant role as natural purification systems. Textile industry processes are among the most environmentally unsustainable industrial processes, because they produce coloured effluents in large quantities polluting water. The aim of this study is to assess the performance of VFCWs to treat two different azo textile dyes with and without artificial wastewater for long periods of time through different operation modes such as contact and resting times, and loading rates, which has rarely been considered in previous research works. The corresponding key objectives are (a) to assess the role of gravel (as a control wetland) and plants on dye reduction and other pollutants; (b) to determine the influence of two groups of dyes (acid (AB113) and basic (BR46)), each dye having a different molecular weight and chemical structure, at two different concentrations (7 mg/l and 215 mg/l); (c) to evaluate the impact of the mixture of both dyes on the performance of vertical-flow constructed wetlands in terms of dye reduction with/without artificial wastewater; (d) to determine the annual and seasonal reduction; and (e) to assess the influence of operational parameters such as contact time (48h and 84h), resting time and mass loading rate on dye reduction and other pollutants for a long period. The first phase dealt with treating the two azo textile dyes only during the period between 1 June 2015 and 31 May 2016, while the second phase dealt with artificial wastewater containing the two azo textile dyes during the period between 1 June 2016 and 31 May 2017. According to the first phase, for the low concentration of BR46, there was no significant (p≥0.05) difference between the wetlands in terms of dye reductions. However, for chemical oxygen demand (COD), the reduction percentages were 50%, 59% and 67% for the control and for the wetlands with short and long contact times, respectively. All reductions were statistically significant (p < 0.05). For the high concentration of BR46, the reduction percentages for the dyes were 94% and 82%, and for COD, they were 89% and 74% for the long and short contact times, correspondingly. A good reduction was noted for total suspended solids for long and short contact times. For the low concentration of AB113, the percentage reductions for the dye were 71%, 68% and 80%, and for COD, they were 5%, 7% and 16% for the control, and the short and long contact times, respectively. For the high concentration of AB113, the percentage reductions for the dye were 72% and 73%, and for COD, they were 54% and 55% for the 48 h and 96 h contact times in this order. Regarding ortho-phosphate-phosphorous for the low concentrations of BR46 and AB113, the reduction percentages for wetlands, which have high contact times, were significantly (p < 0.05) better than those of the control wetlands, as well as wetlands, which have low contact times. In the case of high concentration regarding BR46, the reduction percentages of wetlands with low loading rates were significantly (p < 0.05) better than wetlands with high loading rates, while for AB113, the reduction percentages of wetlands with high loading rate were significantly (p < 0.05) better than those for wetlands with low loading rates. In the case of ammonia-nitrogen for the high concentration of dyes, there were no significant (p≥0.05) differences between wetlands. Regarding nitrate-nitrogen reduction for low and high concentration of BR46 and AB113, the reduction percentages for wetlands with long contact times were better than those for wetlands having short contact times. In the case of phase two, the presence of plants had no effect on the dye and COD reductions. For the low concentration of BR46, the percentage reductions for the dye were 92%, 89% and 91%, and for COD, they were 69%, 82% and 70% for the control, and the short and long contact times, respectively. All reductions were statistically significant (p < 0.05). For the high concentration of BR46, the reduction percentages for the dyes were 73% and 33%, and for COD, they were 56% and 39% for the long and short contact times, respectively. For the low concentration of AB113, the percentage reductions for the dye were 85%, 77% and 82%, and for COD, they were 76%, 81% and 62% for the control, and the short and long contact times in this order. For the high concentration of AB113, the percentage reductions for the dye were 44% and 54%, and for COD, they were 40% and 56% for the 48 h and 96 h contact times, correspondingly. Regarding ortho-phosphate-phosphorous for the low concentrations in the case of AB113 and BR46 and the mixture of both dyes, the reduction percentage in wetlands with high contact time was significantly (p < 0.05) better than those of the control wetlands and wetlands with low contact time. For the high concentration of BR46, AB113 and the mixture of both of them, wetlands with high resting and contact times had lower ortho-phosphate-phosphorous effluent concentrations when compared with wetlands with low resting and contact times. Regarding ammonia-nitrogen reduction percentages for low concentrations of BR46 and AB113 and the mixture of both dyes, wetlands with high resting times had better reduction percentages (p < 0.05) when compared with the control wetlands as well as wetlands with low resting times. In the case of high concentrations for BR46, AB113 and the mixture of both of them, wetlands with low loading rates had a better reduction percentage when compared with wetlands with a high loading rate. Regarding nitrate-nitrogen reductions for low and high concentrations of BR46, AB113 and the mixture of both of them, the reduction percentages for all wetlands were in the range from 75 to 100%. Regarding aromatic amine compound reductions, wetlands with long contact times showed significant (p < 0.05) differences when compared with the control and wetlands with short contact times for the low concentrations of BR46 and AB113. For the high concentration of BR46 and AB113, wetlands with low loading rates showed a significant difference (p < 0.05) when compared with wetlands with a high loading rate. The researcher recommended that using HPLC combined with FTIR to investigate the reduction in aromatic amines and working on modelling of the results should help the designer in improving the construction of wetlands on an industrial scale.

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Bäckström, Nilsson Wilma. "Catalytic Ozonation with MnOx-CeOx/ γ-Al2O3 for Wastewater Treatment of Textile Effluent." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för kemi, bioteknologi och hälsa (CBH), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-266156.

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In China, the textile industry is important for the economy. However, the industry contributes to emissions of organic material and other pollutants. This affects the environment and the quality of life for people and animals. All over the world, water scarcity is becoming an increasing problem, which is why the UN has water purification as one of the goals for sustainable development. To achieve these goals and the regulations in countries, wastewater is purified in water treatment plants before it is discharged. One of the methods that can be used to purify water is catalytic ozonation, an oxidation process in which ozone is used as an oxidant to break down organic material. Catalysts, usually metal oxides, are used to increase the selectivity and the reaction rate. However, this is a relatively unexplored area in water purification and several details within the process are unknown, such as optimal conditions for various catalysts and the exact reaction mechanism. In this work, catalytic ozonation treatment with the metal oxide MnOx-CeOx/γ-Al2O3 has been investigated. Firstly, a literature study was carried out to find earlier research in the field. Then experiments were conducted, varying four different factors and the impact these factors had on the catalytic ozonation was analyzed. The factors examined were contact time, ozone dosage, gas flow and amount of catalyst. All factors had three different levels. COD and UV254 were analyzed to find the conditions that gave the highest reduction of organic matter. The highest reduction of COD was 67 % which gave a COD concentration of 23 mg/L and UV254 90 %. Since the regulations on COD emissions in China are 30 mg/L, the catalytic ozonation gave a satisfying result. The result showed that the highest yield was achieved at the highest level for contact time (40 min), ozone dosage (0.3 mg/L) and amount of catalyst (100 % filled reactor), but the second highest for the gas flow (0.3 L/min). However, the contact time was calculated to be the only significant factor for reducing COD in water. The other factors did not have a significant effect on the reduction of COD or UV254. Furthermore, the conditions that were calculated to give the greatest reduction were used to analyse the reduction of impurities in the wastewater with three dimensional fluorescence. Three dimensional fluorescence showed that the wastewater contained organic compounds, mainly aromatic proteins, soluble microbial by-products and humic acids. All of these compounds were reduced during the catalytic ozonation with MnOx-CeOx/ γ-Al2O3. The residual amount of ozone was analyzed in effluent gas flow was measured with different incoming gas flows. The residual ozone after the ozone treatment was approximately 45 % of the ingoing gas flow.
I Kina är textilindustrin viktig för ekonomin. Dock bidrar industrin till utsläpp av organiskt material och andra föroreningar. Detta påverkar miljön och livskvalitén för människor och djur. Världen över börjar vattenbrist bli ett allt större problem, varför FN har med vattenrening som ett av målen för hållbar utveckling. För att nå dessa mål och de regleringar som gäller renas avloppsvatten i vattenreningsanläggningar innan det släpps ut. En av de metoder som kan användas för att rena vattnet är katalytisk ozonbehandling, vilket är en oxidationsprocess där ozon används som oxidationsmedel för att bryta ned organiskt material. För att öka selektiviteten och reaktionshastigheten används katalysatorer, vanligen metalloxider. Detta är dock ett relativt outforskat område inom vattenrening och flera detaljer inom processen är okända, såsom optimala betingelser och reaktionsmekanismen. I detta arbete har därför katalytisk ozonbehandling med metalloxiden MnOx-CeOx/ γ-Al2O3 undersökts. Först utfördes en litteraturstudie för att ta fram tidigare forskning inom området. Därefter utfördes experiment där fyra olika faktorers påverkan på den katalytiska ozonbehandlingen analyserades. De faktorer som undersöktes var uppehållstid, ozondosering, gasflöde och mängd katalysator. Samtliga faktorer hade tre olika nivåer. De faktorer som analyserades var COD och UV254 för att hitta de förhållanden som gav högst reduktion av organiskt material. Den högsta reduktionen av COD var 67 %, vilket gav en COD-koncentration på 23 mg/L och UV254 reducerades upp till 90 %. Eftersom gränsen på COD-utsläpp i Kina är 30 mg / L gav den katalytiska ozonbehandlingen ett tillfredsställande resultat. Det nivåer som gav bäst utbyte var de högsta för uppehållstiden (40 min), ozondoseringen (0.3 mg/L) och mängden katalysator (100 % fylld reaktor), men den näst högsta för gasflödet (0.3 L/min). Den enda faktorn som hade en signifikant påverkan på reduktionen av organiskt material var dock uppehållstiden. Övriga faktorer hade ingen signifikant påverkan på varken reduktionen av COD eller UV254. Vidare användes ändå de nivåer som beräknats ge störst reduktion av organiskt material för att analysera reduktionen av föroreningar i avloppsvattnet med tredimensionell fluorescens. Avloppsvattnet innehåller organiskt material som aromatiska proteiner, lösliga mikrobiella biprodukter och humussyror och dessa föroreningar reducerades vid katalytiska ozonbehandlingen med MnOx-CeOx/ γ-Al2O3. Dessutom analyserades resterande mängd ozon i utgående gasflöde vid olika storlek på ingående gasflöde. Resterande mängd ozon efter ozonbehandlingen var ungefär 45 % av ingående mängd.

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Shaw, Christopher B. "A comparison of two single-vessel reactor types for the treatment of textile wastes." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2000. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/34697.

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The feasibility of using a single vessel reactor for the biological treatment of recalcitrant compounds, namely reactive azo dyes discharged by the textile finishing industry was investigated. A synthetic effluent was derived from real processes to give reproducibility throughout the experimental period. The literature review found that a sequenced treatment of anaerobic then aerobic redox environments was required for the decolourisation and mineralisation of the dyes. Two biological reactor types were accordingly designed, built and tested, the sequencing batch reactor (SBR) and the hybrid anaerobic baffled reactor (HABR).

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Alvares, A. Brenda C. "Ozone pretreatment to improve the biodegradation of recalcitrant textile azo dyes during wastewater treatment." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.391572.

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McCurdy, Michael W. "Chemical reduction and oxidation combined with biodegradation for the treatment of a textile dye wastewater." Thesis, This resource online, 1991. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-10102009-020050/.

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Nuramdhani, Ida. "Towards Environmentally Benign Wastewater Treatment - Photocatalytic Study of Degradation of Industrial Dyes." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Chemistry, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/6400.

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Pollution created by textile dyeing operations attracts significant attention because an effluent containing a complex mixture of coloured and potentially toxic compounds can be released with the discharged water. Developing dyes and dyeing conditions to reduce the amount of residual dye contained in any effluent has been one of many approaches to minimise this environmental impact. However, the presence of coloured discharge cannot be totally eliminated using only this strategy. Thus, development of efficient post-dyeing wastewater treatment methods capable of removing coloured products from the water is of paramount importance. TiO2-mediated photocatalytic degradation of organic dye molecules via oxidation is the focus of the study reported in this thesis. TiO₂ significantly increases the rate of photodegradation of a wide range of organic dyes under mild operating conditions, and is able to mineralise a wide spectrum of organic contaminants. TiO₂ is also one of the very few substances appropriate for the industrial applications. One of primary aims of this thesis is to test the hypothesis that augmenting standard TiO₂ photocatalysts with Au nanoparticles could increase performance of a catalyst, while immobilizing TiO₂ on SiO₂ support may improve the cost of the process efficiency, i.e. more photocatalytic degradation per particle of TiO₂. Combining TiO₂ doped with gold nanoparticles on SiO₂ support has the potential to provide the highest photocatalytic ability at the lowest cost. The first half of the thesis is concerned with establishing and optimizing experimental conditions for monitoring photodegradation via UV-Visible spectroscopy. Effects of various conditions such as temperature, sequence of addition of reagents, exposure to light vs. experiments in dark, sampling methods, and the use of quenching agent were examined. The main conclusions from this study are that light-induced photodegradation using titanium dioxide nanoparticles catalysts is comparatively more efficient than purely chemical catalytic (e.g. non-light mediated) degradation, even if the latter is performed at elevated temperature. Further, the rate of dye degradation is affected considerably by the parameters of the system. The degradation rate depends strongly on the pH of the solution, due to charges on both the catalyst surface and in the dye. In general, at pH ≤ 6.8, which is the zero charge point for TiO₂, reactions proceeded faster than those at higher pH. Six dyes from four different classes of dyes used in industry were used in this study, and all showed different photodegradation behaviour. The second half of thesis tests the photocatalytic abilities of various TiO₂-based catalysts: pure TiO₂ (commercial and custom-made in our laboratory), TiO₂-supported gold nanoparticles (Au/TiO₂), SiO₂-supported TiO₂ (TiO₂/SiO₂), and SiO₂-supported Au/TiO₂. The best photocatalytic performance was observed for the custom-made TiO₂ code-named as e-TiO₂, which was synthesized using the sol-gel method in dry ethanol. TiO₂-supported Au55 nanoparticles showed a similar level of catalytic ability but are significantly more expensive. It was observed that dye adsorption played a significant role in the case of SiO₂-immobilized photocatalysts.

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19

Wallace, Trevor Haig. "Biological Treatment of a Synthetic Dye Water and an Industrial Textile Wastewater Containing Azo Dye Compounds." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34115.

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In this research, the ability of anaerobic and aerobic biological sludges to reduce and stabilize azo dye compounds was studied. Synthetic dye solutions and an industrial textile wastewater were both treated using anaerobic and aerobic biomass, separately and in sequential step-treatment processes. The primary objective was to reduce the wastewater color to an intensity that complies with the Virginia Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (VPDES) permit level. This level is set at 300 American Dye Manufactures Institute (ADMI) units. Further objectives were to achieve reductions in the total kjehdal nitrogen (TKN) and total organic carbon (TOC) in the wastewater. Anaerobic and aerobic treatment systems were both effective in reducing the wastewater color; however, anaerobic treatment generally produced the greatest color removal. Anaerobic/aerobic (ANA/AER) sequential step-treatment provided the best reductions in ADMI color, TKN and TOC. Anaerobic/aerobic/anaerobic/aerobic (ANA/AER/ANA/AER) sequential step-treatment did not yield greater reductions in ADMI color, TKN, or TOC as compared to ANA/AER sequential step-treatment.
Master of Science

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20

Kumar, Sarker Shuronjit. "Textile wastewater treatment and electricity generation by Microbial Fuel Cell with freezing technology as pre-treatment (A No-water discharge approach)." Thesis, KTH, Mark- och vattenteknik (flyttat 20130630), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-171813.

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Textile wastewater contains very high concentration of color, COD, suspended solids and other pollutants. Methods such as reverse osmosis, nano-filtration and ultrafiltration are known to be effective to remove some pollutants but these methods are very expensive. A new treatment approach which is the combination of freezing technology and Microbial Fuel Cell technology has been studied in this thesis work and seems to have great potential to remove color and COD from textile wastewater. Freezing splits a diluted stream into two different streams; one stream in which water is transferred into ice with a low pollutant concentration leaving a concentrated stream with pollutants. Microbial fuel cell uses the concentrated stream to convert biochemical energy into electrical energy. Three different types of substrates, KMnO4 solution, municipal wastewater and orange juice, were studied. Freezing technology can produce high quality water by neutralizing pH-value; close to 7.0, removal of COD is more than 95% and separating color by almost 100%. Similarly MFC can remove color, and COD by 88.8% and 73.6% respectively. The maximum generation of electrical power by MFC was estimated to 1.03 mW/m2 of electrode area. The findings suggest that this new approach of textile wastewater treatment can be a costeffective way to remove pollutants from textile wastewater while generating some electricity.

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21

Badmus, Kassim Olasunkanmi. "Treatment of persistent organic pollutants in wastewater with combined advanced oxidation." University of the Western Cape, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6785.

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Philosophiae Doctor - PhD
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are very tenacious wastewater contaminants with negative impact on the ecosystem. The two major sources of POPs are wastewater from textile industries and pharmaceutical industries. They are known for their recalcitrance and circumvention of nearly all the known wastewater treatment procedures. However, the wastewater treatment methods which applied advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are documented for their successful remediation of POPs. AOPs are a group of water treatment technologies which is centered on the generation of OH radicals for the purpose of oxidizing recalcitrant organic contaminants content of wastewater to their inert end products. Circumvention of the reported demerits of AOPs such as low degradation efficiency, generation of toxic intermediates, massive sludge production, high energy expenditure and operational cost can be done through the application of the combined AOPs in the wastewater treatment procedure. The resultant mineralisation of the POPs content of wastewater is due to the synergistic effect of the OH radicals produced in the combined AOPs. Hydrodynamic cavitation is the application of the pressure variation in a liquid flowing through the venturi or orifice plates. This results in generation, growth, implosion and subsequent production of OH radicals in the liquid matrix. The generated OH radical in the jet loop hydrodynamic cavitation was applied as a form of advanced oxidation process in combination with hydrogen peroxide, iron (II) oxides or the synthesized green nano zero valent iron (gnZVI) for the treatment of simulated textile and pharmaceutical wastewater.

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22

Unlu, Meltem. "Indigo Dyeing Wastewater Treatment By The Membrane Based Filtration Process." Master's thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12609464/index.pdf.

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In the present study, the recovery of the indigo dyeing rinsing wastewater originating from a denim textile mill to the degree of reuse quality, which generally requires nanofiltration (NF), was investigated. In order to control flux decline and hence to maintain an efficient NF
coagulation, microfiltration (MF) and sequential MF plus ultrafiltration (UF) pretreatment process alternatives were tested. All pretreatment alternatives were optimized to reduce chemical oxygen demand (COD) and color load to NF. Coagulation process was investigated using the coagulants, aluminum sulfate (Al2(SO4)3.18H2O) and ferric chloride (FeCl3.6H2O) by running a series of jar tests. The results showed that coagulation process did not provide an effective and efficient pretreatment due to high dose of coagulant requirement. MF tests run by using 0.45, 2.5 and, 8 µ
m membranes indicated that MF through 0.45 µ
m pore-sized membrane is the best process providing 64% color and 29% COD removals, leading to a color value of 2493 Pt-Co and COD of 892 mg /L in the permeate. Application of sequential MF+UF filtration provided a significant benefit over single MF in terms of rejections and also permeate flux. UF applied after MF provided additional 62% color and 4% COD removals leading to 960 Pt-Co color and 856 mg/L COD. NF tests conducted using pretreated wastewater via single MF and sequential MF+UF indicated that single MF is the best pretreatment to NF and this treatment scheme provided 99% color, 97% COD and 80 % conductivity removals and satisfied reuse criteria.

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23

Capar, Goksen. "Development Of A Membrane Based Treatment Scheme For Water Recovery From Textile Effluents." Phd thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12605839/index.pdf.

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A membrane based treatment scheme was developed for the recovery of the print dyeing wastewaters (PDWs) and the acid dye bath wastewaters (ADBWs) of carpet manufacturing industry. The treatment schemes were developed by selecting the best pre-treatment and treatment processes among the alternatives of chemical precipitation (CP), microfiltration (MF), ultrafiltration (UF) and nanofiltration (NF). The best process train for PDW was CP+NF, where organic matter, color, turbidity and total hardness were removed at >
95%. The alternative process train CP+UF also removed color and turbidity almost completely, however organic matter rejection was low, being 25% at highest. The quality of NF permeates were suitable for dyeing of light colors whereas UF permeates were suggested for washing of the printed carpets or dyeing of the dark colors. The best process train for ADBW was MF (1.0 mm)+NF, where organic matter rejection increased from 65% to 97% due to pH neutralization. Alternatively, sequential NF was required up to three stages in order to achieve similarly high rejections at the acidic pH of ADBW. Therefore, pH neutralization was realized to be a very important operational parameter affecting the treatment scheme. Although pH neutralization increased the flux declines by almost 5%, chemical cleaning was very effective to restore the original fluxes. Finally, ADBW was mixed with PDW, which already had a pH around neutral, so that the pH of ADBW would rise towards neutral without chemical consumption. The results suggested that these wastewaters could be treated together as long as they were mixed up to equal volumes at pH around neutral. Therefore, a final treatment scheme, which involved single NF for the mixture of PDW and ADBW, following their individual pre-treatment stages, was proposed as the most efficient process train.

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24

KUPFERLE, MARGARET JANE. "FACTORS AFFECTING ELECTROLYTIC TREATMENT OF WASTEWATER CONTAINING DIRECT RED 83, A COPPER-COMPLEXED AZO DYE." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1013085676.

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25

Indermuhle, Chloé. "Textile lumineux pour le traitement de l'eau par photocatalyse." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10157.

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L'objectif de ce travail de thèse était de tester le textile lumineux en termes de performances photocatalytiques en milieu aqueux. La durabilité des textiles face à une exposition prolongée à une irradiation UVA a été testée. Les tests ont mis en évidence un problème de vieillissement des tissus enduits de TiO2, induisant l'apparition d'une inhomogénéité de l'émission de lumière sur la surface du textile. Un modèle mathématique a été développé afin d'exprimer et de prévoir ce vieillissement en fonction du temps d'exposition aux UVA. Le dépôt d'une couche protectrice de silice a permis de résoudre ce problème de vieillissement. Parallèlement, les textiles lumineux enduits de TiO2 ont été caractérisés. La localisation de SiO2 et TiO2 par MEBE et analyse EDX a été démontrée comme étant homogène sur la surface des fibres optiques, mise à part pour le dépôt de TiO2 P25 localise en amas. La quantité de photocatalyseur déposé sur les textiles ainsi que l'absorbance des dépôts ont été évaluées. L'étude de l'adhérence des dépôts a démontré la stabilité du TiO2. Enfin, les performances photocatalytiques des différents textiles enduits de photocatalyseur ont été testées sur la dégradation de deux polluants modèles, l'acide formique et le phenol, en réacteur ferme. L'étude de la vitesse de dégradation en fonction de la masse de TiO2 a permis de déterminer la masse optimum (environ 2mg cm-2). Des rendements photoniques de l'ordre de 30 à 55% dans le cas de l'acide formique et de 6 à 8% pour le phenol ont été obtenus. Un réacteur pilote plan, ouvert, a permis de confirmer les résultats obtenus et ouvre la voie à une configuration multicouche, en vue d'une application industrielle
The objective of this thesis was to test luminous textiles in terms of photocatalytic performances in aqueous medium. The durability of textile under long-time UVA irradiation was tested. Results showed the aging of luminous textile coated by TiO2, involving an inhomogeneity of light emission on the overall surface of the textile. A mathematical model was developed to express and predict the aging depending on the time of exposure to UVA. Also, a protective layer of silica allows avoiding the optical fiber aging. In parallel, luminous textiles coated by TiO2 were characterized. The location of SiO2 and TiO2 by ESEM and EDX analysis was shown to be uniform over the surface of optical fibers textiles, except for TiO2 P25 coating, located in clusters. The amount of photocatalyst deposited on the textiles, and the absorbance of the coatings were determined. Moreover, the study of coating adhesion demonstrated excellent adhesion and stability of the photocatalyst layer. Finally, the photocatalytic performances of the different TiO2 coatings were tested for degradation of two model pollutants, formic acid and phenol, in batch reactor. The study of the evolution of the degradation rate with the mass of photocatalyst was used to determine the optimum mass of TiO2 (about 2mg cm-2). Photonic yields ranging from 30 to 55% in the case of formic acid and 6 to 8% in the case of phenol were obtained. A continuous plan pilot reactor confirmed the results and opens the way for a multi-layer configuration, for industrial application

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26

Matysíková, Jana. "Znovu-užití vyčištěných odpadních vod v papírenském a textilním průmyslu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-225374.

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This thesis deals with Advanced oxidation processes (AOP) and its aplication for textile wastewaters treatment and reuse. AOP is a modern technology which currently recieves increased attention due to it´s high efficiency in removing resistant and hardly-degradable pollution. Thesis consists of search and practical part. Search part is created by three chapters. First chapter describe briefly wastewater reuse. The second chapter deals with Advanced oxidation processes. AOP principle, AOP division and descriotion is included with the strong focus on the ozonation technology. The third chapter presents the textile industry and its wastewaters. The practical part of this thesis consists of two chapters. Chapter 5 describes testing of textile wastewaters decoloration by ozonation in the selected textile copany and its results. This results are used in chapter 6. Chapter 6 is the study of textile industry treatment and reuse in the selected textile company. This study contains the design of two options for wastewater treatment and reuse in the textile processes.

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27

Le, Hoai Nga [Verfasser], Gianaurelio [Gutachter] Cuniberti, Michael [Gutachter] Stintz, and Sven [Gutachter] Wießner. "A concept for nanoparticle-based photocatalytic treatment of wastewater from textile industry / Hoai Nga Le ; Gutachter: Gianaurelio Cuniberti, Michael Stintz, Sven Wießner." Dresden : Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1226430562/34.

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28

Harrlekas, Farida. "Couplage des procédés membranaires aux techniques physico-chimiques ou biologiques pour le traitement des rejets liquides de l'industrie de textile." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008INPL008N/document.

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Le traitement des rejets textiles se fait habituellement via une filière physico-chimique couplée à un traitement biologique. La qualité de l’effluent obtenu obéit difficilement aux normes de recyclage ou de rejet dans le milieu naturel. Dans cet objectif, différentes combinaisons sont proposées: la coagulation floculation (CF) et/ou l’adsorption sur charbon actif (CAP) en poudre couplée aux techniques membranaires (microfiltration (MF) ou ultrafiltration (UF)), la photocatalyse couplée à un traitement aérobie biologique (système membranaire (BRM) ou réacteur discontinu séquentiel (RDS)) ou au traitement anaérobie par voie biologique ou chimique. Une comparaison générale a été réalisée pour optimiser le traitement adéquat. La combinaison CF-CAP-UF est un traitement efficace pour la réduction de la DCO, de la couleur et de la turbidité. La dégradation de deux colorants textiles (azoïque et phthalocyanine) a été étudiée par photocatalyse simple ou combinée à un BRM. Le traitement photocatalytique a été réalisé en présence de dioxyde de titane fixé sur un support en fibres de cellulose dans un réacteur à film tombant en présence d’irradiation UV. Pour les deux types de réacteurs biologiques, bien que la biomasse ait été influencée par la variation de la concentration en colorant et par le mode de fonctionnement continu pour le BRM, elle a pu résister. Après le pré-traitement nous avons obtenu une complète décoloration mais les sous produits photocatalytiques demeurent toxiques et peuvent empêcher l’abattement de la DCO. Dans une dernière partie, nous avons testé le couplage de la photocatalyse à un traitement chimique par hydrogénation catalytique ou biologique par boues granulaires. Cette dernière possibilité s’avère être efficace puisque des taux de décoloration supérieurs à 90% ont été atteints pour différents types de colorants et qu’aucune toxicité des produits obtenus lors du pré-traitement photocatalytique n’a été détectée
The treatment of textile wastewater is usually done by a set of physicochemical processes coupled with a biological treatment. The effluent quality abides with difficulty the norms for reuse or discharge in environment. Various treatment combinations have been tested such as coagulation-flocculation (CF) and adsorption on activated carbon (PAC) coupled with membrane technologies (microfiltration (MF) or ultrafiltration (UF)), photocatalysis coupled with a biological treatment (membrane bioreactor (MBR) or a sequential batch reactor (SBR) or a biological and chemical anaerobic treatment. A general comparison was made to optimise the appropriate treatment. The combination CF-PAC-UF is the most effective of non-biological systems in terms of COD, absorbance and turbidity removal. The degradation of an azoïc and a phthalocyanine textile dyes by simple photocatalysis or combined to a membrane bioreactor has been investigated. Photocatalysis was achieved in a falling film reactor containing titanium dioxide fixed on cellulose fibres under UV irradiation. For both biological systems, although biomass was influenced by the variation of dyes concentration and the continuous operating mode for the MBR, it could resist to the applied conditions. However, even after pre-treatment where full decolouration was achieved, photocatalytic by-products were toxic and could inhibit COD removal. Chemical and biological anaerobic treatment have been applied to textile dyes and combined with a photocatalytic process. Photocatalysis was able to remove more than 90% color from crude as well as autoxidized reduced dye solutions. The photocatalytic end-products were not toxic toward methanogenic bacteria

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29

Acar, Ebru. "Oxidation Of Acid Red 151 Solutions By Peroxone (o3/h2o2) Process." Master's thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12605527/index.pdf.

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Wastewaters from textile industry contain organic dyes, which cannot be easily treated by biological methods. Therefore, pretreatment by an advanced oxidation process (AOP) is needed in order to produce more readily biodegradable compounds and to remove color and chemical oxygen demand (COD) simultaneously. In this research, ozone (O3) is combined with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) for the advanced oxidation of an azo dye solution, namely aqueous solution of Acid Red 151, which is called as &ldquo
Peroxone process&rdquo
. The aim of the study is to enhance the ozonation efficiency in treating the waste dye solution. The effects of pH, initial dye and initial ozone concentrations and the concentration ratio of initial H2O2 to initial O3 on color and COD removals were investigated. Also, the kinetics of O3-dye reaction in the presence of H2O2 was approximately determined. As a result of the experimental study, it was seen that an increase in the initial dye concentration at a constant pH and initial ozone concentration did not change the COD % removal significantly, from a statistical analysis of the data. The results obtained at pH values of 2.5 and 7 gave higher oxidation efficiencies in terms of color and COD removals compared to those at pH of 10. The best initial molar ratio of H2O2 to O3 was found to be 0.5, which yielded highest treatment efficiency for each pH value studied. The results of the excess dye experiments suggest that the ozonation of Acid Red 151 follows an average first order reaction with respect to ozone at pH=2.5 and pH=7 whereas it is around 0.56 at pH=10. By Initial Rate Method, the orders with respect to individual reactants of O3 and dye were determined as one, the total order of the reaction being two for all the studied pH. As a conclusion, a further study of the peroxone process at a pH of 10 can be recommended to determine the reaction kinetics and mechanism at this pH, where radicals play an important role.

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30

Saadaoui, Sirine. "Valorisation des extrêmophiles dans le traitement des effluents salins et la production d'énergie par des systèmes bioélectrochimiques microbiens." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Toulouse (2023-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024TLSEP008.

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L’industrie textile génère de grandes quantités d'eaux usées contenant jusqu'à 80 g/L de NaCl et de fortes concentrations de colorants synthétiques. Les colorants azoïques, qui sont des produits chimiques toxiques et persistants, sont les plus largement utilisés dans la fabrication des textiles. Lorsqu'ils sont déversés dans les plans d'eau, ces colorants peuvent poser une menace significative pour les écosystèmes aquatiques, pouvant également avoir des répercussions sur la santé humaine. Pour remédier à cette problématique, plusieurs méthodes physico-chimiques conventionnelles ont été mises en œuvre. Ces méthodes ne sont pas largement adoptées principalement en raison de leur coût élevé, de la pollution secondaire qu’ils génèrent et de leur forte consommation d'énergie. D'autres traitements biologiques anaérobies ont été également explorées. Ces méthodes prennent de longues périodes de décomposition avec une dégradation souvent incomplète. De plus, si les cellules des microorganismes sont exposées à une solution très concentrée en sel, le phénomène d’osmose peut entraîner une perte d'eau intracellulaire significative, conduisant à la déshydratation et éventuellement à la mort cellulaire.L’objectif principal de cette thèse est de coupler deux méthodes biologique et électrochimique au sein d'une seule unité appelée système bioélectrochimique (SBE) en vue de traiter des eaux usées textiles salines chargées en colorants azoïques récalcitrants, tout en générant de l'énergie sous forme d'électricité. Ce SBE se distingue par l'utilisation de bactéries électroactives halothermophiles provenant des environnements extrêmes tunisiens, lesquelles forment des bioanodes capables de tolérer le stress salin. Les paramètres impactant les performances du SBE ont été optimisés, notamment la source d'inoculum, la présence d’un co-substrat et sa concentration, le matériau de l'électrode ainsi que sa surface et le potentiel appliqué à l'électrode de travail. Ces optimisations ont été réalisées initialement à partir d’eaux usées synthétiques avant d'être validées avec des eaux usées industrielles réelles. Les bioanodes obtenues ont fait l'objet d'une analyse comparative à l'aide d'outils électrochimiques, microscopiques, analytiques et moléculaires. En complément, les milieux réactionnels ont également été examinés à l'aide d'outils analytiques et moléculaires.Avec des eaux usées synthétiques, une densité de courant maximale de 5,2 A/m2, un taux de décoloration de 100 % et un taux d’élimination de la DCO de 96 % ont été obtenus. Par ailleurs, avec les eaux usées réelles, la même densité de courant maximal 5,2 A/m2 a été observée simultanément avec un taux de décoloration de 93 % et un taux d’abattement de la DCO de 70 %. Ainsi, pour la première fois, l’espèce bactérienne Orenia metallireducens a été identifiée dans les différentes matrices du SBE alimenté avec des eaux usées synthétiques. Cette découverte suggère des perspectives prometteuses pour la dégradation des colorants azoïques
The textile industry generates large amounts of wastewater containing up to 80 g/L of NaCl and high concentrations of synthetic dyes. Azo dyes, which are toxic and persistent chemicals, are widely used in textile manufacturing. When discharged into water bodies, these dyes pose a significant threat to aquatic ecosystems and can also have implications for human health. To address this issue, several conventional physico-chemical methods have been implemented. However, these methods are not widely adopted primarily due to their high cost, the secondary pollution they generate, and their high energy consumption. Other anaerobic biological treatments have also been explored, but they often involve long decomposition periods with incomplete degradation. Additionally, exposure of microorganism cells to highly concentrated salt solutions can lead to significant water loss through osmosis, resulting in dehydration and potential cell death.The main objective of this thesis is to combine two methods, biological and electrochemical, within a single unit called a bioelectrochemical system (BES) to treat saline textile wastewater loaded with refractory azo dyes while generating energy in the form of electricity. This BES is distinguished by the use of halothermophilic electroactive bacteria from extreme Tunisian environments, which form bioanodes capable of tolerating saline stress. Parameters affecting the performance of the BES have been optimized, including the inoculum source, the presence of a co-substrate and its concentration, the electrode material and surface, and the applied potential to the working electrode. These optimizations were initially carried out using synthetic wastewater before being validated with real industrial wastewater. The obtained bioanodes were subject to comparative analysis using electrochemical, microscopic, analytical, and molecular tools. Additionally, reaction media were also examined using analytical and molecular tools.With synthetic wastewater, a maximum current density of 5.2 A/m2, a decolorization rate of 100 %, and a COD removal rate of 96 % were achieved. Moreover, with real wastewater, a maximum current density of 5.2 A/m2 was observed simultaneously with a decolorization rate of 93 % and a COD removal rate of 70 %. Thus, for the first time, the bacterial species Orenia metallireducens was identified in different matrices of the BES fueled with synthetic wastewater. This discovery suggests promising prospects for the degradation of azo dyes

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31

Firmino, Paulo Igor Milen. "RemoÃÃo de cor de corantes de efluentes sintÃtico e real em sistemas anaerÃbios de um e dois estÃgios suplementados ou nÃo com doador de elÃtrons e mediador redox." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2009. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=3168.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico
O descarte de efluentes tÃxteis em Ãguas superficiais representa um sÃrio problema ambiental e de saÃde pÃblica devido, principalmente, Ã presenÃa de corantes na sua composiÃÃo, muitos dos quais sÃo potencialmente tÃxicos e carcinogÃnicos. A remoÃÃo de cor desses compostos ainda Ã uma das maiores dificuldades enfrentadas pelas estaÃÃes de tratamento de efluentes das indÃstrias desse segmento. Dentre os mÃtodos de descoloraÃÃo, o tratamento anaerÃbio tem merecido bastante destaque por ser economicamente atraente. Nesta pesquisa, foram realizados dois experimentos acerca da remoÃÃo de cor de corantes de efluentes tÃxteis. O primeiro objetivou, inicialmente, avaliar e comparar a remoÃÃo de cor de efluente tÃxtil sintÃtico, contendo o corante azo Congo Red (CR), em sistemas anaerÃbios de um estÃgio, composto por um Ãnico reator UASB (R1), e de dois estÃgios (R2), composto por um reator UASB acidogÃnico (R2,A) seguido de um outro metanogÃnico (R2,M). Os reatores foram submetidos a diferentes condiÃÃes operacionais, variando-se as concentraÃÃes iniciais do corante e do substrato doador de elÃtrons (etanol) assim como o tempo de detenÃÃo hidrÃulica (TDH) dos reatores. Constatou-se que, com o aumento gradual da concentraÃÃo de CR de 0,3 para 1,2 mM, a eficiÃncia mÃdia total de remoÃÃo de cor do R1 diminuiu de 97,8 para 95,1%, enquanto a do R2 nÃo apresentou variaÃÃo relevante, sendo o R2,A responsÃvel por grande parte da descoloraÃÃo total alcanÃada (98,5%). Em relaÃÃo Ã concentraÃÃo inicial de etanol, observou-se queda de menos de 2% na eficiÃncia mÃdia do R1 contra quase 6% na do R2 ao se reduzir a concentraÃÃo do substrato de 1,0 para apenas 0,2 g DQO/L. E, ao se reduzir o TDH total dos sistemas de 24 para 12 horas, as eficiÃncias mÃdias de R1 e R2 passaram de, aproximadamente, 98% para 96,6 e 97,7%, respectivamente. Posteriormente, esses mesmos sistemas ainda foram alimentados com efluente tÃxtil real, e, apesar de ambos terem apresentado eficiÃncias de remoÃÃo de cor menores do que as obtidas com o CR, o R1 atingiu um valor mÃdio 7% maior do que o do R2. O segundo experimento buscou avaliar e comparar a remoÃÃo de cor de efluente tÃxtil real em sistemas anaerÃbios de um estÃgio (TDH = 12 h) suplementados ou nÃo com doador de elÃtrons (etanol) e mediador redox (AQDS). NÃo se observou nenhuma diferenÃa entre os valores mÃdios de eficiÃncia de descoloraÃÃo obtidos pelo reator suplementado com AQDS (R3) e pelo reator livre desse composto (R4). Entretanto, na ausÃncia de etanol, embora ambos os reatores tenham apresentado menores valores de eficiÃncia de remoÃÃo de cor, o R3 obteve uma eficiÃncia mÃdia 5% maior do que a do R4. Concluiu-se que os sistemas anaerÃbios empregados foram capazes de remover a cor de corantes de efluentes sintÃtico e real sob diferentes condiÃÃes operacionais. O impacto do mediador redox nÃo foi evidente no tratamento do efluente real a um TDH de 12 horas, e a ausÃncia de doador de elÃtrons adicional reduziu a eficiÃncia de remoÃÃo de cor dos reatores
The release of textile effluents into superficial water bodies represents a serious environmental problem and a public health concern because lots of dyes from wastewater and their breakdown products are potentially toxic and carcinogenic. Colour removal of dyes is still a challenge for textile industry wastewater treatment plants. Amongst the decolourisation methods, the anaerobic treatment has called attention for being economically attractive. This work reports two textile wastewater colour removal experiments. The first one aimed, primarily, to assess and compare colour removal of synthetic textile effluent, which contained the azo dye Congo Red (CR), in an one-stage anaerobic system, consisted of only a UASB reactor (R1), and in a two-stage anaerobic system (R2), consisted of an acidogenic (R2,A) followed by a methanogenic reactor (R2,M). The reactors were run under different operational conditions by varying the initial dye and electron donor (ethanol) concentrations as well as the hydraulic retention time (HRT) of the reactors. It was observed that, with gradual increase of CR concentration from 0.3 to 1.2 mM, R1 total average colour removal efficiency decreased from 97.8 to 95.1%, while R2 did not present remarkable variation, and R2,A was responsible for the major part of total decolourisation reached (98.5%). Concerning the initial ethanol concentration, a less than 2% drop was observed at R1 average efficiency against an almost 6% one at R2 by reducing the substrate concentration from 1.0 to only 0.2 g COD/L. And, by reducing the systems total HRT from 24 for 12 hours, the R1 and R2 average efficiencies changed from, approximately, 98% to 96.6 and 97.7%, respectively. Afterwards, those same systems were fed with real textile wastewater, and, although both have presented lower colour removal efficiencies than the ones achieved with CR, R1 reached a 7% average value higher than R2. The second experiment aimed to assess and compare the real textile wastewater colour removal in one-stage anaerobic systems (HRT = 12 h) supplemented or not with electron donor (ethanol) and redox mediator (AQDS). No difference was observed between decolourisation efficiency average values achieved by the reactor supplemented with AQDS (R3) and by the reactor free of this compound (R4). However, in the absence of ethanol, both reactors have presented lower colour removal efficiency values, the R3 reached a 5% average efficiency higher than R4 one. It can be concluded that the used anaerobic systems achieved good decolourisation efficiencies with both synthetic and real textile wastewaters under the different operational conditions studied. The redox mediator impact was not evident in the treatment of the real effluent at HRT of 12 hours, and the absence of an external electron donor reduced the reactors colour removal efficiency

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Moura, Artur Duarte de. "Análise e projeto de hidrociclones para o espessamento do lodo gerado no tratamento de efluentes de indústrias têxteis." Universidade Federal do Pampa, 2015. http://dspace.unipampa.edu.br:8080/xmlui/handle/riu/1257.

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O descarte de efluentes industriais e residenciais em corpos hídricos ganha cada vez mais atenção da fiscalização dos órgãos ambientais. Assim, é crescente a contribuição de grupos de pesquisas científicas em desenvolver novas tecnologias que contribuam para que esses descartes sejam menos prejudiciais à natureza. A indústria têxtil contribui com uma grande geração de poluentes que quando não são devidamente tratados se tornam agravante problema ambiental. Uma das matérias primas da indústria têxtil é a lã de ovinos. Devido às condições como são criadas as ovelhas, para o processamento industrial dessa lã é indispensável a retirada da maior parte possível de impurezas por meio da lavagem, para então ser transformada em fio pelo processo de cardar e por fim ser fiada e tingida. A alta temperatura e pH que são utilizados na lavagem contribuem significativamente para a geração dos lodos como efluente e a alta quantidade de água utilizada faz com que este efluente fique bastante úmido. O método mais comum de tratamento desse tipo de efluente se dá por meio da decantação ou sedimentação através de tratamento biológico via sistema de lodos ativados. Apesar de apresentar uma boa eficiência, esse método não é suficiente para remoção de compostos orgânicos dissolvidos, além de produzir grande volume de lodo. Algumas opções como a secagem ou hidrociclonagem, contribuem para o espessamento dos lodos gerados durante o tratamento do efluente. Os parâmetros geométricos dos hidrociclones dependem da família a qual ele pertence, as configurações da família Rietema e Bradley são os que aparecem com mais frequência nos trabalhos da literatura quando se trata de equipamentos com boa eficiência para separação de sólido-líquido. O Rio Grande do Sul, dentre os estados brasileiros, se destaca tanto na produção têxtil como no cenário da pecuária, em especial na produção de lãs de ovinos, por isso o objetivo desse trabalho foi projetar, analisar e simular a fluidodinâmica de hidrociclones do tipo Rietema e Bradley para o espessamento do lodo produzido por uma indústria têxtil da cidade de Bagé – RS. Primeiro, foi realizado a caracterização física do lodo do efluente através da obtenção da temperatura, da massa específica da fase fluida e da parte sólida, da sua viscosidade, da sua concentração de sólidos, e da sua distribuição do tamanho médio de partículas. Também foi feita a caracterização química através das medidas do pH, da DQO, da quantidade de matéria orgânica e condutividade elétrica. Com base nesses resultados e nas equações que relacionam a eficiência com diâmetro de corte e com o diâmetro da secção cilíndrica do hidrociclone, foi possível projetar e analisar o comportamento das eficiências dos hidrociclones de configuração Rietema e Bradley. Também foi verificado com base nas relações de Euler e Reynold qual dos hidrociclones tem menor gasto energético para uma mesma faixa de eficiência. Por fim, foi realizada a análise numérica por meio de simulação computacional, por CFD utilizando o programa ANSYS para descrever os perfis de velocidade, pressão e o comportamento da fase líquida e sólida no interior dos hidrociclones. Os resultados da caracterização física demostraram que o lodo possui massa específica de 1000,05 kg/m3 e o sólido contido no lodo possui uma massa específica de 1002,64 kg/m3 e diâmetro de partícula de 586 e uma concentração volumétrica de sólidos de 4,2 %. Na sensibilidade paramétrica, os hidrociclones de configuração Rietema e Bradley se comportaram de maneira bastante semelhante. Os resultados das simulações auxiliaram no conhecimento e na interpretação gráfica de como ocorre o movimento do fluido e a separação das fases no interior do hidrociclone. Na visualização dos perfis de velocidade tangencial, foi observado que esta é maior na região central do hidrociclone, onde retornará por movimento helicoidal ascendente, à fase menos densa. As correntes de pressão mostraram que essa variável é maior próxima nas paredes do hidrociclone, o que provoca a separação das fases. Para análise da eficiência foi utilizado o modelo Lagrangeano com curva de dispersões de sólido em água com mediana de distribuição de 586 . Ambos hidrociclones projetados apresentaram uma eficiência de separação de 74 %.
The disposal of industrial and residential wastewater into water bodies has gained increasing attention of surveillance of environmental agencies. So it is increasing the contribution of scientific research groups to develop new technologies to help ensure that these discharges are less harmful to nature. The textile industry contributes a great generation of pollutants that are not properly treated when they become aggravating environmental problem. One of the raw materials of the textile industry is the sheep wool. Due to the sheep conditions are created for the industrial processing of such wool is essential that the largest possible removal of impurities by washing, then to be transformed into yarn by carding process and finally be spun and dyed. The high temperature and pH which are used in the wash contribute significantly to the generation of effluent and sludge as high amount of water used makes this effluent becomes moist enough. The most common method of treatment of this effluent is through decantation or sedimentation through biological treatment through activated sludge system. Despite presenting a good efficiency, this method is not sufficient for removing dissolved organic compounds, besides being very susceptible to the effluent composition and produce large amounts of sludge. Some options like, drying or hydrocycloning, contribute to the thickening of sludges generated during treatment of the effluent. The geometric parameters of hydrocyclones depend on the family to which it belongs, Rietema and Bradley Family settings are appearing more frequently in the work of literature when it comes to equipment with good efficiency for solid-liquid separation. The Rio Grande do Sul, among the Brazilian states, it is so prominent in the textile production and in livestock scenario, especially in wool production of sheep, so the aim of this study was to design, analyze and simulate the fluid dynamics of hydrocyclones type Rietema and Bradley for sludge thickening produced by a textile city of Bage - RS. First the physical characterization was carried effluent sludge by raising the temperature, the density of the fluid phase and the solid part of its viscosity, its solids concentration and its distribution of the average particle size. Also the chemical characterization was done by raising the pH, COD, the amount of organic matter and conductivity. Based on these results and the equations that relate efficiency with cutting diameter and the diameter of the cylindrical section of the hydrocyclone, it was possible to design and analyze the behavior of the efficiencies of Rietema and Bradley configuration hydrocyclones. It also found based on the relationship of Euler and Reynold which the hydrocyclones has lower energy expenditure for the same range of efficiency. Finally, a numerical analysis was carried out through computer simulation by CFD ANSYS software to describe the velocity profile, pressure and performance of liquid and solid phase within the hydrocyclones. The results of the physical characterization showed that the sludge has a specific weight of 1000.05 kg / m3 and the solid contained in the sludge has a specific weight of 1002.64 kg / m3 and a particle diameter of 586 m and a volume concentration of 4 ,2 %. In parametric sensitivity, the configuration hydrocyclones Rietema and Bradley behaved in much the same way. The simulation results helped in knowledge and graphic interpretation of how occurs the fluid motion and phase separation inside the hydrocyclone. In view of the tangential velocity profiles, it was observed that this is higher in the central region of the hydrocyclone, which returns ascending helical movement, the less dense phase. The pressure currents shown that this variable is greater near the walls of the hydrocyclone, which causes phase separation. To analyze the efficiency we used the Lagrangian model with solid dispersions curve in water with a median of distribution of 586 micrometers. Both hydrocyclones designed showed a 74% separation efficiency.

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33

Barclay, D. Scott. "Batch treatment of textile wastewaters with modified bentonite adsorbent blends." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0017/MQ55652.pdf.

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34

Oliveira, Ivy dos Santos. "Integração do tratamento microbiológico com células imobilizadas e tecnologias emergentes (Processos Oxidativos Avançados) para o tratamento de efluentes gerados na indústria têxtil." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/87/87131/tde-11022010-105753/.

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A integração de diferentes processos de tratamento na degradação de efluente têxtil foi avaliada utilizando-se a técnica de precipitação, processos oxidativos avançados (POA) e tratamento biológico aeróbio. Os POAs (Ozônio/UV e reagente de Fenton/UV) foram avaliados com experimentos em bateladas de acordo com um planejamento fatorial L18 (Método Tagushi) em função da vazão de ozônio, concentração de reagente Fenton, radiação UV, pH e temperatura. No tratamento microbiológico por processo contínuo, foi utilizado um reator de leito fluidizado com células imobilizadas de zeólitas e avaliados parâmetros como pré-tratamento com POAs, vazão de aeração, taxa de diluição. Concluiu-se que com o pré-tratamento físico-químico obteve-se resultados bastante satisfatórios na redução da DQO e COT, porém gerou uma quantidade desnecessária de lodo. A integração lodo ativado/Reagente Fenton mostrou-se bastante adequada, principalmente na remoção da cor e turbidez; a variedade e freqüência dos microrganismos observados durante o monitoramento biológico foram condizentes com os sistemas de lodo ativado operando eficientemente e o emprego de zeólitas como suporte mostrou-se significativo, alcançando 63,3 % de imobilização do microrganismo no suporte.
The integration of different treatment processes in the degradation of textile wastewater was evaluated using precipitation technique, advanced oxidation processes (AOP) and aerobic biological treatment. AOPs (Ozone/UV and reagent of Fenton/UV) were evaluated in batch experiments according to a factorial planning L18 (Tagushi Method) in function of the flow of ozone, concentration of reagent Fenton, UV radiation, pH and temperature. In the microbiological treatment for continuous process, a reactor of bed fluidized was used with immobilized cells of zeolites some parameters were evaluated such as pre-treatment with AOPs, aeration flow, diluition rate. Satisfactory results were obtained with the physical-chemistry pre-treatment in the reduction of COD and TOC, however it generated an unnecessary amount of sludge. The integration activated sludge/Reagent Fenton was shown quite appropriate, mainly in the removal of the color and turbidity; the variety and frequency of the microorganisms observed during the biological monitorament were suitable with the systems of activated sludge operating efficiently and the use of zeolites as support was shown significant, reaching 63,3 % of immobilization of the microorganism in the support.

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Mmelesi, Olga Kelebogile. "Synthesis and characterization of pine cone carbon supported iron oxide catalyst for dye and phenol degradation." Thesis, Vaal University of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10352/418.

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M. Tech. (Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology), Vaal University of Technology
Fenton oxidation is classified into two processes, homogeneous and heterogeneous. Homogeneous Fenton oxidation process, have been shown to be efficient in the degradation of organic pollutants. However, it was shown to have limitations which can be addressed by the heterogeneous Fenton oxidation. Despite the high efficiency of the heterogeneous Fenton oxidation process in the degradation of recalcitrant organic pollutants, the currents synthesis trends of the heterogeneous Fenton catalyst have been proven to be time and energy constraining, since it involves the multi-step were the activated carbon have to be prepared first then co-precipitate the iron oxide on the activated carbon. However, as much as the heterogeneous Fenton catalyst has been proven to have high catalytic activity towards degradation of organic pollutants, these catalysts have some limitations, such limitations include metal ions being leached from the catalyst support into the treated water causing catalyst deactivation and a secondary pollution to the treated water. In this thesis, these catalysts have been applied in the degradation of recalcitrant organic pollutants such as methylene blue and phenols. This study focuses on the single step synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles supported on activated carbon, were carbonaceous material is impregnated with iron salt then pyrolysed via microwave heating. Microwave power and the amount of iron salt were optimized. The prepared activated carbon-iron oxide composites were applied to the degradation of 2-nitrophenol (2-NP) and methylene blue (MB). Methylene blue was used as a model compound due to the fact that it is easier to monitor the degradation process with UV-Vis as compared to 2-nitrophenol . 2-nitrophenol the additional step for the adjustment of pH is required since nitrophenols are colorless in color at lower pH. The characterization showed that the microwave power and the amount of the iron precursor have an influence on the porosity and surface functional groups of the activated carbon. Further it was vi observed that microwave power and iron precursor influnces the amount of iron oxide formed on the surface of the support. It was also observed that the activated carbon-iron oxide composite have the catalytic effects on the Fenton oxidation process of MB and 2-NP. The parameters such as H2O2, pH, catalyst dose, initial concentration, temperature affect the degradation of both MB and 2-NP. Kinetics studies showed that Fenton is a surface driven reaction since the results fitted the pseudo first order model. The thermodynamics parameters also showed that the reaction is endothermic, spontaneous and is randomized. This implies that the reaction of the degradation of MB and 2-NP is feasible and the catalysts prepared have high catalytic activity. MB and 2-NP were degraded to smaller organic molecules (carboxylic acids). The stability of the catalyst observed to decrease as the number of cycles increased, this is due to the leaching of iron ions from the support material. Hence it was concluded that the activated carbon-iron oxide composite was successfully synthesized and had the high catalytic activity for the degradation of MB and 2-NP.

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Rocha, J?ssica Horacina Bezerra. "Tecnologia eletroqu?mica como tratamento alternativo de efluentes t?xteis sint?ticos utilizando ?nodos de platina e diamante." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2011. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/17639.

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Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior
In this work, the treatment of synthetic wastewaters containing Remazol Red BR (RRB) and Novacron Blue C-D (NB) by anodic oxidation using boron doped diamond anodes (BDD) and Novacron Yellow (YN) using BDD and Platinum (Pt) anodes was investigated. Galvanostatic electrolyses of RRB and NB synthetic wastewaters have led to the complete decolorization removal at different operating conditions (current density, pH and temperature). The influence of these parameters was investigated in order to find the best conditions for dyestuff colour removal. According to the experimental results obtained, the electrochemical oxidation process is suitable for decolorizing wastewaters containing these textile dyes, due to the electrocatalytic properties of BDD and Pt anode. Energy requirements for removing colour during galvanostatic electrolyses of RRB, NB and YN synthetic solutions depends mainly on the operating conditions; for example for RRB, it passes from 3.30 kWh m-3 at 20 mA cm-2 to 4.28 kWh m-3 at 60 mA cm-2 (pH = 1); 15.23 kWh m-3 at 20 mA cm-2 to 24.75 kWh m-3 at 60 mA cm-2 (pH = 4.5); 10.80 kWh m-3 at 20 mA cm-2 to 31.5 kWh m-3 at 60 mA cm-2 (pH = 8) (data estimated per volume of treated effluent). In order to verify the Brazilian law regulations of NB and RRB synthetic solutions after electrochemical decolourisation treatment, Hazen Units values were determined and the total colour removal was achieved; remaining into the regulations. Finally, electrical energy cost for removing colour was estimated
Neste trabalho, o tratamento de efluentes sint?ticos, contendo Vermelho de Remazol BR (RRB) e Azul de Novacron CD (NB) por oxida??o an?dica com ?nodos de Diamante Dopado com Boro (BDD) e Amarelo de Novacron (YN) com ?nodo de Platina (Pt) e DDB foram investigados. A eletr?lise galvanost?tica dos efluentes sint?ticos RRB, NB e YN t?m levado ? remo??o completa da cor em diferentes condi??es operacionais (densidade de corrente, pH e temperatura). A influ?ncia destes par?metros foi investigada a fim de encontrar as melhores condi??es para a remo??o da cor do corante. De acordo com os resultados experimentais obtidos, o processo de oxida??o eletroqu?mica ? adequado para descolora??o de ?guas residuais contendo esses corantes t?xteis, devido ?s propriedades eletrocatal?ticas dos ?nodos DDB e Pt. Exig?ncias de energia para a remo??o de cor durante eletr?lises galvanost?ticas das solu??es sint?ticas de RRB, NB e YN depende principalmente das condi??es de funcionamento, por exemplo, RRB, passa de 3,30 kWh m-3 em 20 mA cm-2 para 4,28 kWh m-3 em 60 mA cm -2 (pH = 1); 15,23 kWh m-3 em 20 mA cm-2 para 24,75 kWh m-3 em 60 mA cm-2 (pH = 4,5); 10,80 kWh m-3 em 20 mA cm-2 para 31,5 kWh m-3 em 60 mA cm- 2 (pH = 8) (dados estimados por volume de efluente tratado). A fim de verificar a regulamenta??o da lei brasileira dos efluentes sint?ticos ap?s descolora??o pelo tratamento eletroqu?mico, determinou-se os valores de Unidades Hazen e a remo??o total da cor foi alcan?ada, permanecendo na regulamenta??o. Finalmente, o custo de energia el?trica para remo??o da cor foi estimado

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37

Wu, Chung-Nan, and 吳宗南. "Study of Dye Wastewater and Textile Wastewater Treatment by Electro-Fenton Method." Thesis, 1996. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/01305936353888642184.

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碩士
國立中央大學
環境工程學系
84
Electro-Fenton method is one of advanced oxidation processes, its principle is electrochemical generation of hydrogen peroxide by reduction of aqueous oxygen at the surface of cathode. In the presence of ferrous ion,the generated hydrogen peroxide can react with ferrous ion to form hydroxyl radical and hydroxide ion. Consequently, it can result in the same reaction as the traditional Fenton''s reagent for oxidation of organic pollutants. The objectives of this study included:(1) to determine the influence of dissolved oxygen concentration,pH and current dencity on the yield of hydrogen peroxide;(2) to identify if both sulfate and chloride ions would affect the production of hydrogen peroxide or not; and (3) to evaluate the possibility of electro-Fenton method for dye and textile industrial wastewater treatment. Results showed that the current efficiency was increased while raising the oxygen flow rate, on the contrary the oxygen efficiency was down.This fact suggested that the advanced modification of system was needed to improve the utilization efficiency of oxygen.The highest current efficiency was happened under the condition of pH=3 and current density=1.6mA/cm2.On the other hand,the effect of sulfate and chloride ions were studied.Results indicated that the generation of hydrogn peroxide was affected by these ions. Furthermore,the concentration changes of both ions were also observed during the electrolysis operation.A reasonable explanation of this effect was that both ions would initiate a series of oxidation-reduction reactions and a propotion of hydrogen peroxide was consumed in such a chain reactions.When treating with dye and textile wastewater by electro-Fenton respectively, about 80-90% COD could removed from water in first stage,where organic pollutants were oxidized by radicals.In second stage,where mainly depended on coagulation,the remaining COD was taken away by precipitation of iron oxide when pH was adjusted to 8.After treatment,the effluent contained COD and dissolved iron less than 100mg/L and 10mg/L respectively.On the other hand,COD current efficiency could reach 180% while treating with dye wastewater,it implied that there existing other oxidants more than hydroxyl radicals in system.According to this,it seems that electro-Fenton is of advantages to treat with dye waste water.

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ZHENG, YI-XIONG, and 鄭義雄. "Study of textile wastewater treatment by fenton method and sludge conditioning." Thesis, 1992. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/50215730742767114530.

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碩士
淡江大學
水資源及環境工程研究所
80
Fenton法為具氧化與混凝雙重作用之處理法，文獻中證實Fenton法對染整廢水中之色度及難分解物質，有良好之去除效果。但文獻中之處理方式偏重氧化功能，高過氧化加量，處理成本偏高。本研究探討以較經濟的處理方式，偏重Fenton之混凝功來處理染整廢水，期能根本解決染整廢水處理之問題。本研究主要內容有四部分：⑴探討Fenton法反應時最佳pH及加藥量。⑵Fenton法混凝、氧化現象之探討。⑶對Fenton法及傳統處理法產生之污泥進行脫水性質分析及調理研究。⑷將本研究成果實際應用到實廠上，以證明本研究之可行性。本研究重要結果有：⑴Fenton法在終pH3-4 間有最佳處理效果。⑵Fenton在低過氧化氫加量下，可解決染整廢水COD 及透視度問題。⑶Fenton法混凝作用為三價鐵之混凝作用，其利用混凝能力對COD 去除趨勢及去除量與氯化鐵相近。⑷過氧化氫加量在 100-250㎎/l 間，有最佳氧化效率。⑸本研究之實廠應用效果良好。⑹Fenton法產生之污泥較生物污泥及大部分化學混凝產生之污泥脫水性質為佳，比阻抗在6.0×10 12M/Kg左右。⑺Fenton法產生之污泥其最佳調理劑為陰電性高分子凝集劑，最佳加藥量在1.0kg/ton dry solid 左右。

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39

Le, Hoai Nga. "A concept for nanoparticle-based photocatalytic treatment of wastewater from textile industry." Doctoral thesis, 2017. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A30121.

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Industrial wastewater, such as the effluents from textile and garment companies, may contain toxic organic pollutants, which resist conventional wastewater treatment. Their complete and environmentally friendly degradation requires innovative technologies. Photocatalysis, an advanced oxidation process, can serve this purpose. Since 1972, when the photocatalytic activity of titanium dioxide was first noticed, photocatalysis has drawn the attention of scientists and engineers but it has not yet been widely applied in industrial practice. This is mainly related to the challenges of up-scaling from laboratory experiments to large production sites. The main goal of this thesis is to develop a concept of nanoparticle-based photocatalysis for the treatment of wastewater. Ideally, process parameters should be adjustable and process conditions should be well-defined. These constraints are prerequisite for establishing process models and comparing the photocatalytic efficiency of different photocatalysts or for different pollutants. More importantly, the configuration should be scalable, in order to cover a wide spectrum of applications. In response to these requirements, this thesis introduces a new reactor concept for photocatalytic wastewater treatment, which relies on finely dispersed photocatalysts as well as uniform and defined process conditions with regard to illumination and flow. The concept was realized in a photocatalytic setup with an illuminated flow reactor. The flow channel has a rectangular cross section and meanders in a plane exposed to two dimensional illumination. Crucial process parameters, e.g., volumetric flow rate and light intensity, can be adjusted in a defined manner. This facilitates the study on the photocatalytic degradation of different organic pollutants in the presence of various photocatalytic materials under arbitrary illumination. The thesis provides a comprehensive description of the operational procedures necessary to run photocatalytic reactions in the experimental setup. It includes three main steps: i) dispersion of photocatalysts, ii) equilibration with respect to pollutant adsorption and iii) accomplishing the photocatalytic reaction. Samples are collected in a mixing tank for online or offline analysis. The proceeding decrease in the concentration of organic pollutant is used to assess the activity of the photocatalytic materials. A particular focus lies on the first of these steps, the dispersion of photocatalysts, because it is ignored in most studies. Typically, photocatalysts are in an aggregated state. The thesis demonstrates that type, intensity and energy of dispersion exert a crucial influence on size and morphology of the photocatalyst particles and, thus, on their optical properties and, accordingly, macroscopic photocatalytic behavior. Apart from this, a proper dispersion is necessary to reduce speed of gravitational solid-liquid separation, at best, to prevent catalyst sedimentation and to avoid misleading results. The photocatalytic performance was intensively investigated for the color removal of a model dye substance, methylene blue. Commercial titanium dioxide nanoparticles, widely explored in literature, were used as a photocatalyst. Their characteristics (size, morphology, stability and optical properties) were determined. Photocatalytic experiments were carried out under UV irradiation. Influences of different factors, including the concentration of the photocatalyst, the concentration of the organic compounds, light intensity, optical pathlength and pH were examined. The degradation was quantified via the decrease of methylene blue concentration. This conversion is, however, an immediate result influenced by all process parameters, e.g., the volume, the light intensity, the optical pathlength. Hence, kinetic models on macroscopic and microscopic levels are established. Normalizations with respect to process conditions are proposed. The apparent reaction kinetics are traced back to volume- and intensity-related reaction rate constants, and the reaction rate constant at the illuminated surface of the reactor. Additionally, the model is modified to be used for time-variant UV intensities, as encountered for solar photocatalysis. These achievements allow for a comparison of the experimental results from different laboratories. Moreover, they are prerequisite for the translation of laboratory results into large scale plants. Selected case studies for further applications are introduced. The photocatalytic degradation of different organic molecules (one antibiotic and two commercial dyes) with different photocatalytic materials (commercial nanomaterials and self-synthesized magnetic particles) under artificial or natural light sources was performed. Additionally, photocatalysis was studied in a realistic application. Preliminary tests with dye solutions of a textile company in Danang, Vietnam, impressively showed the feasibility of wastewater treatment by means of photocatalysis. Based on the reported capacity of wastewater in the current treatment plant of the company, the necessary process parameters were assessed. The rough estimation showed that photocatalysis can improve the working ability of the current wastewater treatment plant. In conclusion, this thesis presents a concept for wastewater treatment by slurry photocatalysis. As the process conditions are adjustable and definable, the process can be ideally performed in laboratories for research purposes, where different materials need to be tested and the working volume can be lower than hundreds of milliliters. The photocatalytic configuration is expected to work with a capacity of hundreds of liters, although appropriate experimental evidences are reserved for further up-scaling studies.

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40

ZHAN, YI-LIN, and 詹益臨. "Study of raw textile wastewater treatment by Fenton method and sludge recoverying." Thesis, 1993. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/m4bmnn.

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41

Tsai, Ping-Yen, and 蔡秉諺. "A study of electrically enhanced membrane process on the treatment of textile wastewater." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/61365035698347024452.

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碩士
國立臺灣大學
環境工程學研究所
94
Abstract The propose of the study to combine the electric driving force and membrane process to enhance the performance of ultrafiltration(UF) system. An experiment who conducted to evaluate the electrically enhanced ultrafiltration was a synthetic dye solution. Acid red 4, acid orange 10 and Acid red 27 were used in the experiment to prepare the synthetic dye and salt mixtures.While treating the waste water of synthesized dye by UF under the application of electric field, the increase of filtration flux would be resulted with the augmentation of the intensity in electric field.The Acid red 27 dye with higher valence number has stronger electrophoresis mobility, and has higher efficiency on the removal of color and organic substances. Under higher pH, dye has stronger electrophoresis mobility and better treatment efficiency. Due to the electrophoresis effect induced by the applied electric field, the fouling resistance of membrane could reduce total fouling resistance and irreversible resistance effectively. The flux of filtration and the intensity of electric field have positive correlation, and the critical electric field is the key to the operation condition revelant to the flux. As for the efficiency in the elimination of color and organic substances were increased with higher of E/Ec, so the ratio of effective electric field(E) to critical electric field(Ec) is meaningful in the process of applied electric field. In the process of electro-membrane filtration, the applied operation condition and membrane do not have significant electroosmosis effect through related experiment. Under the operation of 98KPa pressure, only 6% flux was increased, which showed the increase of flux in the applied electric field process mainly from electrophoresis effect. The effect of dye filtration by membrane is mostly influenced by the basic nature of dye, including size of molecular weight, electrophoresis motility and the adsorbability of dye to membrane. As compared the electro-membrane filtration treatment in synthesized dye waste water with the textile waste water, it showed the TDS increased substantially in textile waste water due to chemical addition in production and coagulation processes. As a result there is the phenomenon of over electric conductivity content in the process of electro-membrane filtration,and a significant electricity is consumed in order to critical electric field.Also, the consequeuce is that the electro-filtration becomes an uneconomical process. According to the preliminary economical analysis by this research, the electro-membrane filtration process has an economic advantage over the ordinary membrane process, when the dye-containing waste water has low electric conductivity and high electrophoresis mobility.

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42

Lin, Wei-Wei, and 林薇薇. "Comparisons of the treatment of synthetic textile wastewater between Photo-Fenton related Processes." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/76285370191653588727.

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碩士
淡江大學
水資源及環境工程學系碩士班
98
The Photo-Fenton process is one of the advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) which eliminates organic matter by both hydroxyl radical (OH‧) oxidation and iron salts coagulation. The research evaluates the extent of oxidation and coagulation in Photo-Fenton-related processes. The Photo-Fenton-related processes include Photo-Fenton-like, H2O2/UV and Fenton processes. A reactive azo dyestuff (Evecion Red H-E3B) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) were used to simulate color and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in the industrial textile wastewater, which contains color of 1300 ADMI unit and DOC of 31 mg/L. The experimental variables include pH, oxidation time, dosages of iron salt (ferric or ferrous) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The content of H2O2, color unit and residual of DOC were measured for comparing the efficiency of DOC removal and reaction kinetics. All the experiments were batch conducted in H2O2/UV reactor. The results show that the optimal pH to remove DOC and color is 3 within 5 minutes of oxidation time and the color and DOC removal efficiency is 98% and 45% respectively. The DOC removal efficiency could go more than 90% in both Photo-Fenton and H2O2/UV processes while only of 50% in Fenton process. The efficiency of DOC removal was in the order of Photo-Fenton = H2O2/UV > Fenton. The pseudo-first-order reaction kinetics were fitted in DOC removal and found the rate constant in Photo-Fenton process is 3.2 times higher than H2O2/UV processes which indicated that dosing more Fe2+ in the process could only promote the reaction rate not DOC removal efficiency instead. The major mechanism to remove DOC is coagulation in Fenton process. In Photo-Fenton process, the major mechanism to remove DOC is coagulation at the first 5 minutes of the experiment with 49.7% COD removal efficiency, within which 41.6% was contributed by coagulation and the other 8.1% was by oxidation. Contrarily, in Photo-Fenton process, the major mechanism to remove DOC is oxidation at 30 minutes of the experiment with 81.4% COD removal efficiency, within which 26.3% was contributed by coagulation and the other 55.1% was by oxidation. This is due to the OH‧ was constantly generated at the final stage in the H2O2/UV process for oxidizing organic matter and floc. Meanwhile, the DOC removal mechanism by Photo-Fenton-like process was alike to Photo-Fenton process.

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43

Liu, Hsin Hsien, and 劉信賢. "Improving Efficiency of Textile Wastewater Treatment Using Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Bed (UASB) Process." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/00600191478908218411.

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碩士
崑山科技大學
環境工程研究所
99
The dyeing industry is a complicated process, intensive and professional technology. With characteristics of large wastewater discharge and high concentration of pollution, the impact on the environment is obvious and serious. In the past decades, the research and development of synthetic pulps and dyeing assistants result in the challenge of wastewater treatment. The problems of un-efficient treatment and high cost of wastewater treatment always bother the industrial development. One of the alternatives to resolve the problem is to develop the module of series process for improving the efficiency and lowering the pollution loads. In this study, we combine the traditional process and advanced treatment process, called as upflow anaerobic sludge bed (UASB) with the advantages of smaller volume, highly loading, better removals of pollution, and lower treatment cost. The anaerobic and physic-chemical process is used to investigate the improvement of wastewater treatment and the analysis of cost and benefit. The UASB is set in the front of the process of chemical coagulation (reduce the loading) to remove the biodegradable materials, for example, the removal rate of COD is 68~95% and SS 80%. Therefore, the total removal rate of COD is attached 90% and the effluent of COD is 91~137 mg/L. This is not only in line with the standard, but also saves the fee of wastewater discharge with COD removal rate of 70% and SS 81%. The result is achieved the goals of improving the efficiency of dyeing wastewater treatment and reducing the cost of pollution prevention.

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44

Gounder, Prelan. "Modelling the effects of textile dyestuffs on the performance of a municipal wastewater treatment works." Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/1547.

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45

Peng, Chung Hao, and 彭中豪. "Treatment of textile-dye-containing wastewater with Pseudomonas luteola by a sequencing batch reactor process." Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/26634518351027771068.

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碩士
逢甲大學
土木及水利工程研究所
89
A decolorization bacteria Pseudomonas luteola was used to treat a dyeing wastewater provided by local factory. Pretreatment of autoclaving and pH adjustment of the dyeing wastewater was necessary for providing a pure culture environment and suitable pH for growth. The pretreatment process did not affect the color of original dyeing wastewater. A Science nutrient in the dyeing wastewater was limited; yeast extract was added to increase the ability of P. luteola to remove the colour of wastewater. For economic reason, 0.3 % yeast extract was added into the wastewater, there was about 27.7 % color removal. The result showed that incubation process of shaking-static had better than the continue-shaking. There was no affect of shaking length on the color removal. The speed of shaking showed that increasing from 100-rpm to 200-rpm decolorization also increased. The inoculation size of 20 % showed higher color removal. In a batch system, the operation conditions of 48 h shaking then remained static for another 72 h, the shaking speed was 200 rpm, and 20 % of concentrated P. luteola cells was added as inoculation after 5 days treatment, there was about 81.2 % color being removed. In a sequencing batch reactor, there was 70 % color being removed under the operational conditions of hydraulic retention time (HRT) 1.5-day, sludge retention time (SRT) 7-day, aerobic flow rate of 5 L/min, and a ratio of 2 (aerobic) to 5 (anaerobic). The reaction time was decreased from 21 h to 18 h; however, there still had about 67 % of decolorization. The BOD5 could only by removal 37 % because of inhibitors existing in the wastewater, which interfering the BOD5 analysis.

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46

Rodrigues, Carmen. "Textile Dyeing Wastewater Treatment by Single and Intregated Processes of Coagulation, Chemical Oxidation and Biological Degradation." Tese, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/75455.

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47

Linh, Nguyen Thi Mai, and 阮氏美玲. "Development of Treatment and Bioenergy Production Systems for Textile Desizing Wastewater: Anaerobic Digestion and Microalgae Cultivation." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/u22b4q.

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博士
逢甲大學
環境工程與科學學系
104
Textile industry is considered as one of the largest generators of pollutants containing very high concentrations of organic and inorganic compounds. The textile desizing wastewater (TDW) is primarily responsible for the chemical oxygen demand load with elevated levels of toxic and hazardous pollutants from textile effluents, caused severe environmental, aquatic ecosystem problems and public health concerns. Since a few decades ago, TDW discharge management has become the most serious challenge, and it is a considerable interest for wastewater treatment research all over the world. The principal purpose of this study was to develop an integration system of treatment and bioenergy production for TDW supernatant. Three processes related to this work: granular activated carbon (GAC) adsorption, anaerobic digestion (AD) and microalgae cultivation. The key factors of each process were investigated and optimized for best treatment efficiencies. The optimum condition of adsorption, as a pretreatment step of TDW supernatant, was determined as 15 gGAC/L for 12 h in a shaker (150 rpm) at room temperature. The pretreated TDW was fermented via batch tests, and the highest values of biogas and biomethane accumulation were 642.5 mL and 195.5 mL, respectively. An integration process including GAC adsorption, AD and Scenedesmus sp. growth in photoheterotrophic condition was designed for removing biodegradable TDW organic matters and producing renewable bioenergy (H2, CH4, and alcohols) and biofuel feedstock biomass. This system had peak treatment efficiencies of color 92.4%, COD 89.5%, carbohydrate 97.4%, and organic acids 94.7% at the operation conditions of GAC dosage 15 g/L, mesophilic AD at HRT 36h, pH 7.2 ± 0.2, organic loading rate 36.2 gCOD/L-d, and photoheterotrophic growth of Scenedesmus sp. at a digester effluent concentration of 3.8 gCOD/L and light intensity of 11000 lux. A possible process for high strength wastewater treatment combined with biogas production had been investigated in laboratory scale. The liquid part of pretreated TDW was used as a substrate in the modified of a continuously-stirred tank reactor (CSTR) for mesophilic digestion at a hydraulic retention time (HRTs) of 72 - 53 h. The results indicated that a combination of GAC adsorption and CSTR anaerobic fermentation promoted TDW treatment efficiency and enhanced biogas production. The biogas performance was enhanced with a peak methane yield (MY) (at HRT 53 h) of 305 mL/gCOD utilized; biogas production rate (BPR), methane production rate (MPR) and specific methane production rate (SMPR) (at HRT 65 h) were 6.6 L/L-d, 2.5 L/L-d and 591.9 mL/gVSS-d, respectively. For the biodegradation, the highest removal efficiencies could reach COD 51.3% and carbohydrate 93.4% at HRT 53 h. Under the mixotrophic growth condition, Scenedesmus sp. was able to assimilate CO2 simultaneously, and organic carbon in TDW digested effluent. The results demonstrate that both organic and inorganic (bio-CO2) carbon sources obtained from biogas system can considerably enhance microalgal biomass production. In 5 gCOD/L of medium concentration, the peak dry biomass concentration, COD removal, and bio-CO2 fixation efficiency were 1.79 g/L, 69.1%, and 98.2 %, respectively. This study demonstrated that a combination of GAC adsorption, CSTR anaerobic digestion and Scenedesmus sp. cultivation promoted TDW supernatant treatment efficiency and biogas production.

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48

Rodrigues, Carmen Susana de Deus. "Textile Dyeing Wastewater Treatment by Single and Intregated Processes of Coagulation, Chemical Oxidation and Biological Degradation." Doctoral thesis, 2013. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/70618.

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49

Chou, Yi-Chun, and 周宜君. "H2O2 Dosage Control of the Fered-Fenton for Textile Wastewater Treatment using DO and ORP Monitoring." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/x88zms.

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碩士
國立聯合大學
環境與安全衛生工程學系碩士班
101
With industrial development and scientific and technological progress to produce different types of wastewater study the processing procedures applied to domestic sewage or industrial wastewater plant is Goals for academic research efforts. PVA slurry and dyes contained in the dyeing and finishing wastewater difficult to decompose organic material and resulting in high chroma of water, the textile industry will be added in the dyeing process is usually required to achieve production in many different dyes, dye mostly benzene ring group of compounds, process wastewater containing a large amount of biological substances difficult to decompose, dyeing and finishing wastewater has the characteristics of the variability and complexity, if not done proper handling and direct emissions to the nature depend on the self-cleaning function of ecological oxidation, will causing serious pollution to the environment and ecology. Majority of dyeing and finishing plant wastewater treatment, the operators use the experience and subject wastewater situation to decided the dosage. If add inadequate or excessive, will cause the Color too high or increase the costs. The study found that dissolved oxygen can be determined that the Fered- Fenton has reached the limit. In the Fered-Fenton procedures, the hydrogen peroxide is converted to O2 and H2O causing system later DO Value will continue to rise, because the hydrogen peroxide consumption slow. these will result in the removal rate decreases. The experimental results showed that the DO or ORP can effectively control the hydrogen peroxide continuous dosage and closely related. In the overall trend,If the DO value is too high, the COD removal rate is expected not to rise, they cause COD removal rate significantly, hydrogen peroxide dosing system which non-necessary dosing, excess hydrogen peroxide also have the opposite effect generation. therefore this the best method for DO or ORP as control the dosage of hydrogen peroxide and reducing the cost of hydrogen.

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50

Rodrigues, Carmen Susana de Deus. "Textile Dyeing Wastewater Treatment by Single and Intregated Processes of Coagulation, Chemical Oxidation and Biological Degradation." Tese, 2013. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/70618.

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