Journal articles: 'Textured insert; Tungsten carbide'

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Palanisamy, D., K. Balasubramanian, N. Manikandan, D. Arulkirubakaran, and R. Ramesh. "Machinability analysis of high strength materials with Cryo-Treated textured tungsten carbide inserts." Materials and Manufacturing Processes 34, no. 5 (February 7, 2019): 502–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10426914.2019.1566612.

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Qi, Bao Yun, and Liang Li. "Experimental Study on Orthogonal Cutting of Ti6Al4V with Surface Micro-Groove Textured Cutting Tool." Materials Science Forum 723 (June 2012): 243–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.723.243.

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Currently biomimetic tribology study shows that high performance surface texture can achieve good friction, anti-adhesion and improve the wear resistance, which brings a new research direction for tool antifriction technology. The orthogonal cutting tests of surface micro-groove cutting tool in machining titanium alloy were presented. Different types of micro-grooves were made using laser in the rake face of uncoated tungsten carbide cutting inserts. Dry with no lubricant and minimal quantity lubricant (MQL) were used as lubrication conditions. Cutting force and cutting temperature were measured and compared. It was found that under MQL condition the surface micro-grooves could effectively improve the friction status between the tool and chip, thereby reducing cutting force and cutting temperature, and also reduce cutting temperature under no lubricant condition. The micro-grooves paralleling with cutting edge had the best effect in three types of micro-grooves.

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Manikandan, Natarajan, D. Arulkirubakaran, D. Palanisamy, and Ramesh Raju. "Influence of wire-EDM textured conventional tungsten carbide inserts in machining of aerospace materials (Ti–6Al–4V alloy)." Materials and Manufacturing Processes 34, no. 1 (November 28, 2018): 103–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10426914.2018.1544712.

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Lourenço, Nuno, Henrique Santos, and Carlos Sá. "The Use of Sodium Silicate to Improve Wetting of Tungsten Carbide Powder with Ductile Iron." Materials Science Forum 587-588 (June 2008): 118–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.587-588.118.

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A tungsten carbide insert is produced during ductile iron foundry practice to increase the surface hardness of the material. The insert is ensured with the help of a critical quantity of a binder, around 3 weight percent of sodium silicate, previously mixed with the tungsten carbide powder. The binder is verified to form a film around the tungsten carbide particles and bridges amongst these enveloped particles; these films and bridges are replaced by the ductile iron melt during the molding cavity filling. After solidification, a sound inserted layer is formed, composed of tungsten carbide particles in a tungsten enriched cast iron matrix. In the absence of the binder addition to the tungsten carbide powder no inserted layer is produced. The surface hardness of the inserted test pieces is close to 500VHN/4.9N and the respective thickness is around 2.5 mm. The characterization of the effect of the sodium silicate in the mixture has been the main purpose of this work

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Rana, Ramakant, R. S. Walia, and Qasim Murtaza. "Characterization and Parametric Optimization of Performance Parameters of DLC-Coated Tungsten Carbide (WC) Tool Using TOPSIS." Coatings 11, no. 7 (June 24, 2021): 760. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11070760.

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In this work, we have deposited the diamond-like carbon (DLC) coating on the tungsten carbide (WC) tool insert using the thermal chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method. For the growth of DLC coating, sugarcane bagasse was used as a carbon precursor. Raman spectroscopy, a field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to confirm the presence of DLC coating on the tungsten carbide tool inserts. The hardness tests were also performed for inspecting the microhardness induced by the self-developed DLC coating on the tungsten carbide (WC) tool insert. To determine the optimum process parameters for the turning operation on an aluminum (6061) workpiece using a self-developed DLC-coated tungsten carbide (WC) tool insert, we have applied the technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) methods. The process parameters considered for the optimization were feed rate, cutting speed, and depth of cut. Whereas chosen response variables were flank wear, temperature in the cutting zone, and surface roughness. TOPSIS is utilized to analyze the effects of selected input parameters on the selected output parameters. This study in this paper revealed that it was advantageous to develop the DLC coating on the tungsten carbide tool inserts for the machining applications. The results also revealed that a 0.635 mm depth of cut, feed rate of 0.2 mm/rev, and cutting speed of 480 m/min were the optimum combination of process parameters.

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Siwawut, Sutham, Charnnarong Saikaew, and Anurat Wisitsoraat. "Effects of Number of Inserts and Insert Materials on Surface Roughness of Cast-Iron Work Produced by Face Milling." Advanced Materials Research 1016 (August 2014): 135–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1016.135.

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In this work, the effects of two key factors of face milling including the number of inserts and insert material on surface roughness of cast-iron turbine housing work were systematically studied using full factorial designed experiments. Three insert materials including uncoated cemented carbide (TH10), commercial TiAlN/TiN coated cemented carbide (AH120) and tungsten carbo-nitride (WCN) coated cemented carbide were selected while the number of inserts was varied from 1 to 3 in this study. The results showed that both factors were statistically significant and the optimal parameters that yielded minimum Ra-value of 0.495 μm were the commercial TiAlN/TiN coated cemented carbide material (AH120) and three inserts.

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Sornakumar, T., and A. Senthil Kumar. "Machinability of bronze–alumina composite with tungsten carbide cutting tool insert." Journal of Materials Processing Technology 202, no. 1-3 (June 2008): 402–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2007.10.013.

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Fábián, Enikő Réka, and Richard Horváth. "Adhesion Behavior of PVD-coated Cutting Tools." Acta Materialia Transylvanica 3, no. 2 (October 1, 2020): 61–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.33924/amt-2020-02-01.

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Abstract Cutting with TiAlN or CrAlN tip PVD-coated tungsten carbide-based inserts manufactured by powder metallurgy, we found no significant difference in the wear behavior of inserts regardless of whether the insert was used in wet or dry conditions. We determined the adhesion properties of the coating layers with a scratch test and by Daimler–Benz test. On the tungsten-based carbide cutting tool, the thinner TiAlN coating showed slightly better adhesion than the thicker CrAlN coating.

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Kim, Jong Seok, Yeong Min Park, Jeong Wan Kim, Kelimu Tulugan, and Tae Gyu Kim. "Characteristics of deposited boron doping diamond on tungsten carbide insert by MPECVD." Modern Physics Letters B 29, no. 06n07 (March 20, 2015): 1540048. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984915400485.

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Diamond-coated cutting tools are used primarily for machining non-ferrous materials such as aluminum–silicon alloys, copper alloys, fiber-reinforced polymers, green ceramics and graphite. Because the tool life of cemented carbide cutting tool is greatly improved by diamond coating, and typically more than 10 times of the tool life is obtained. However, research of boron-doped diamond (BDD) coating tool has not been fully researched yet. In this study, we have succeeded to make boron-doped microcrystalline and nanocrystalline diamond-coated Co -cemented tungsten carbide (WC– Co ) inserts. Microcrystalline BDD thin film is deposited on WC– Co insert by using microwave plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (MPECVD) method. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Raman spectroscopy are used to characterize the as-deposited diamond films.1,2

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Tarraste, Marek, Jakob Kübarsepp, Arvo Mere, Kristjan Juhani, Märt Kolnes, and Mart Viljus. "Ultrafine Cemented Carbides with Cobalt and Iron Binders Prepared via Reactive In Situ Sintering." Solid State Phenomena 320 (June 30, 2021): 176–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.320.176.

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Reactive sintering of cemented carbides involves mechanical and thermal activation of precursor elemental powders, followed by in-situ synthesis of tungsten carbide. This approach promotes formation of ultrafine microstructure favored in many cemented carbide applications. Our study focuses on the effect of mechanical activation (high-energy milling) on the properties of powder and following thermal activation (sintering) on the microstructure characteristics and phase composition. Reactive sintering proved effective – an ultrafine grained microstructure of cemented carbides with Co and Fe binders was achieved. Formation of tungsten carbide grains was complete at low temperature during reactive spark plasma sintering, resulting in textured microstructure with anisotropic grain formation and growth.

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Padmakumar, Muthuswamy, D. Dinakaran, Solomon G. Ravikumar, and Sekar K. S. Vijay. "Performance Evaluation of Cryogenically Treated Tungsten Carbide Insert on Face Milling of Grey Cast Iron." Applied Mechanics and Materials 813-814 (November 2015): 569–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.813-814.569.

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The objective of this study is to evaluate the wear progression of cryogenically treated and untreated tungsten carbide inserts during face milling of Grey Cast Iron which is a commonly used material in machine tool beds and automotive components due to low cost, high vibration damping capability, and easiness of manufacturing. Commercially available uncoated Tungsten Carbide insert with around 6% Cobalt (Co) content were selected for the study and flank wear and nose wear were taken as the performance evaluation criteria. The results show that the cryogenically treated samples have better wear resistance than the untreated inserts which could be ascribed to the martensitic phase transformation of Co from α-Co (FCC) to ε-Co (HCP) during the cryogenic treatment.

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Prakash, Satya, and A. K. Mukhopadhyay. "Reliability analysis of tricone roller bits with tungsten carbide insert in blasthole drilling." International Journal of Mining, Reclamation and Environment 34, no. 2 (October 19, 2018): 101–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17480930.2018.1530055.

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Caicedo, J. C. "New color from multilayer coating applied machining tools based on tungsten carbide insert." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 100, no. 1-4 (September 29, 2018): 865–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-018-2624-3.

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Mashinini, P. M., Hargovind Soni, and Kapil Gupta. "Investigation on dry machining of stainless steel 316 using textured tungsten carbide tools." Materials Research Express 7, no. 1 (November 25, 2019): 016502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/ab5630.

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Sekiya, Katsuhiko, Ryo Tezuka, Yasuo Yamane, and Keiji Yamada. "Mirror Finishing of Austenitic Stainless Steel with a Cermet Insert." Key Engineering Materials 407-408 (February 2009): 384–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.407-408.384.

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Stainless steel SUS304 is one of the typical difficult-to-cut materials due to strong tendency to adhesion and work hardening. Therefore finished surface becomes rough in machining operations. In this report, precision cutting of SUS 304 is discussed. Surface roughness depends on accuracy of the machine tool, adhesion and roughness of tool flank. We analyzed the factors of surface roughness in turning of SUS304 on an engine lathe. M20 tungsten carbide inserts, coated carbide inserts and cermet inserts were used. Peak-to-valley height of machined surface included approximately 1μm of machine error. Surface profile reflected roughness of tool flank. Polished flank decreased the roughness of finished surface. Adhesion was least in the case of cutting with cermet inserts. We also conducted face turning of SUS304 on an ultra-precision lathe with cermet inserts. Flank of the inserts were polished to 100nmRz. We obtained 50nm of minimum peak-to-valley height and 220nmRz of surface roughness.

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Deepthi, Y. P., K. Prakash Marimuthu, and K. Raghavendra Ravi Kiran. "Performance Test of Cryogenically Treated and Coated Tungsten Carbide Cutting Inserts." Applied Mechanics and Materials 813-814 (November 2015): 575–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.813-814.575.

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Production cost is dependent on the life of the Tool. Because of enormous heat generation during the material removal process, life of the tool decreases. Tool life will be enhanced by cryogenic treatment which minimises the temperature at tool tip interface. Taguchi technique was employed to get optimum number of experiments for turning white cast iron after the cryogenic treatment and before cryogenic treatment. The correlation between four main factors such as speed, feed, depth of cut, tool condition and responses such as surface roughness, tool tip temperature were analysed. Mathematical model was formulated for tool tip temperature, and surface roughness. The error for the mathematically formulated model was observed to be less than 5%.The present work indicates that cryogenically treated tool have better surface finish . From the anova analysis it is inferred that tool tip temperature and surface roughness substantially reduced while using cryogenically treated tool. It was observed that cutting forces was more influenced by cutting speed of the tool followed by tool condition. Hardness of the tool insert showed improvement because of coatings.

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Vignesh, G., Debabrata Barik, S. Aravind, P. Ragupathi, and M. Arun. "An Experimental Study on Machining of AISI H - 13 Steel Using Dimple-Textured and Non-Textured Tungsten Carbide Cutting Tools." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1017, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 012021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1017/1/012021.

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Palanisamy, D., A. Devaraju, D. Arulkirubakaran, and N. Manikandan. "Experimental investigation on surface integrity during machining of AISI 420 steel with tungsten carbide insert." Materials Today: Proceedings 22 (2020): 992–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2019.11.250.

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Cruz, Dennis Coelho, Vitor Luiz Sordi, and Carlos Eiji Hirata Ventura. "Surface analysis of WC-5%Co cemented tungsten carbide cutting insert after plunge-face grinding." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 108, no. 1-2 (May 2020): 323–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-020-05382-y.

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Khan, M. Adam, and Kapil Gupta. "A study on machinability of nickel based superalloy using micro-textured tungsten carbide cutting tools." Materials Research Express 7, no. 1 (January 7, 2020): 016537. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/ab61bf.

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Saeedi, R., and MH Sadeghi. "Investigation of insert-hole interference fit influence on downhole drilling bit failure." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 234, no. 14 (June 25, 2020): 1752–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954405420927831.

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Down-the-hole drilling is a reliable method for drilling in medium-to-hard geological structures. The insert-hole fitting interference value emerges as one of the most important factors of down-the-hole drilling bit life. In this study, fatigue tests were conducted using a tungsten carbide pin press-fitted into a hole in the specimens of DIN 1.6580 steel (which is used for manufacturing the bit body) to quantify the effect of interference value on the bit body failure. Then, the process of bit-rock collision was simulated using three-dimensional finite element method taking into account the residual stresses in the insert and bit body to determine the optimal interference value. Simulations were performed considering the rotary motion of the bit in addition to impact for a single-insert as well as a commercial 3.5 inch bit. Results showed that the interference value influences fatigue life significantly. Also, the velocity and angle of impact have considerable influence on body stresses. Results of this study can greatly assist the design of insert-hole manufacturing tolerances in down-the-hole bits.

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Zhang, Dong Can, Bin Shen, Fang Hong Sun, Ming Chen, and Zhi Ming Zhang. "Comparative Studies on the Cutting Performance of CVD Diamond and DLC Coated Inserts in Turning GFRP Composite Materials." Key Engineering Materials 431-432 (March 2010): 466–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.431-432.466.

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The diamond and diamond-like carbon (DLC) films were deposited on the cobalt cemented tungsten carbide (WC-Co) cutting tools respectively adopting the hot filament chemical vapor deposition (HFCVD) technique and the vacuum arc discharge with a graphite cathode. The scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy were used to characterize the as-deposited diamond and DLC films. To evaluate their cutting performance, comparative turning tests were conducted using the uncoated WC-Co and as-fabricated CVD diamond and DLC coated inserts, with glass fiber reinforced plastics (GFRP) composite materials as the workpiece. The research results exhibited that diamond and DLC coated inserts had great advantages in cutting tests compared to uncoated insert. The flank wear of the CVD diamond coated insert maintained a very low value about 50μm before the cutting tool failure occurred. For the DLC coated insert, its flank wear always maintained a nearly constant value of 70~200μm during whole 45 minutes turning process. The flank wear of CVD diamond coated insert was lower than that of DLC coated insert before diamond films peeling off.

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Bogodukhov, S. I., E. S. Kozik, and E. V. Svidenko. "RESEARCH INTO THE EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE FIELDS OF HEATING DURING CONTINUOUS LASER TREATMENT ON T15K6 CARBIDE INSERT PERFORMANCE." Izvestiya Vuzov. Poroshkovaya Metallurgiya i Funktsional’nye Pokrytiya (Universitiesʹ Proceedings. Powder Metallurgy аnd Functional Coatings), no. 2 (June 18, 2018): 76–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/1997-308x-2018-2-76-84.

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The paper studies the effect of temperature fields of heating during continuous laser treatment on T15K6 carbide insert performance. A tool with T15K6 indexable carbide inserts was exposed to laser treatment by heating the working surface with continuous laser radiation using the LK 3015ls07 PM industrial laser according to the KV_OSN program along insert contours with the cutting edge distance ~2 mm. Laser exposure time was 2–3 s in nitrogen as a shielding gas. The study used samples in the form of 12,70×12,70×4,76 mm quadrangular plates (GOST 19052-80) with variable radiation power in the range of q = 300±100 W/cm2, and laser radiation moving speed within VL = 20±10 mm/s. Hardness measured in the laser-hardened zone after laser exposure was Hμ = 15500÷21500 N/mm2. The laser impingement point was tested for cutting and abrasive wear with microstructure analysis. Cutting wear along the front and back surfaces of carbide inserts after laser treatment was up to 5 times reduced. It is shown that further laser power density increase to q = 400 W/cm2 provides no positive trend. Diamond abrasive wear with an increased q value indicates wear reduction to 40 wt.%. Microstructural analysis showed a decrease in the tungsten carbide grain size from 5,6 to 4,3 μm in the continuous laser treatment area.

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Chen, W. K., Tsunemoto Kuriyagawa, H. Huang, Haruhiko Ono, Masaru Saeki, and Katsuo Syoji. "A Novel Form Error Compensation Technique for Tungsten Carbide Mould Insert Machining Utilizing Parallel Grinding Technology." Key Engineering Materials 257-258 (February 2004): 141–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.257-258.141.

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Alagarsamy, S. V., M. Ravichandran, M. Meignanamoorthy, C. Chanakyan, S. Dinesh Kumar, and S. Sakthivelu. "Influence of CNC turning variables on high strength Beryllium-Copper (C17200) alloy using tungsten carbide insert." Materials Today: Proceedings 27 (2020): 925–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.01.260.

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Kant, Girish, Vaibhav Rao V, and Kuldip Singh Sangwan. "Predictive Modeling of Turning Operations Using Response Surface Methodology." Applied Mechanics and Materials 307 (February 2013): 170–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.307.170.

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This paper focuses on the development of a predictive model using the measured forces acting on the cutting tool during turning operation of AISI 1045 Steel using a Tungsten Carbide cutting tool insert. On the basis of the experimental results, second order mathematical model is developed in terms of machining parameters by using the Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The results are analyzed statistically and graphically. It has been observed that the predicted values using RSM also follow the same trend as given by the measured values.

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He, Bing, Wen Shao, Jin Yuan Tang, Xue Mei Zong, and K. X. Kang. "The Effect of Pick Profile on the Cutting Performance of Point Attack Picks." Key Engineering Materials 789 (November 2018): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.789.31.

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Tungsten carbide tipped pointed attack picks is widely used in mechanical machinerysuch as roadheaders, continuous miners and longwall shearers. Great efforts have been made toinvestigate the interaction between point attack pick and rock. However, the research on theinvestigation of pick profile on the cutting performance is still a subject little investigated by thescientific community. In this study, the rock fragmentation process is simulated using a 2D discreteelement code, PFC2D. In the simulations, four types of pick tip geometries (mushroom insert, bulletinsert, conical insert, and cap) were employed to investigate the effect of pick profile on the cuttingperformance of point attack picks. The forces acting on the pick and crack propagation process werecontinuously monitored during the simulations. The preliminary results of cutting performance ofthe picks under different cutting scenarios were analyzed.

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Toplišek, Tea, Medeja Gec, Aljaž Iveković, Saša Novak, Spomenka Kobe, and Goran Dražić. "Analytical Electron Microscopy of W-Core β-SiC Fibers for Use in an SiC-Based Composite Material for Fusion Applications." Microscopy and Microanalysis 19, S5 (August 2013): 136–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927613012506.

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AbstractIn this work, the interactions between tungsten (W) and silicon carbide (SiC) in SigmaTM SiC fibers at high temperatures were characterized using scanning and transmission electron microscopy. These fibers could have the potential for use in fusion-related applications owing to their high thermal conductivity compared with pure SiC-based fibers. The as-received fibers were composed of a 100-μm-thick shell of radially textured β-SiC grains and a 15-μm-thick tungsten core, composed of a few hundreds of nm-sized elongated tungsten grains. The interfaces between the tungsten and the SiC and the SiC and the outer coatings were sharp and smooth. After heat treatment at 1,600°C for 3 h in Ar, the tungsten core reacted with SiC to form a rough interface surface. Inside the core, W5Si3, W3Si, and W2C phases were detected using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and electron-diffraction techniques. The mechanical properties of the fibers deteriorate after the heat treatment.

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Padmakumar, M., and D. Dinakaran. "Performance evaluation of cryogenically treated and tempered tungsten carbide insert on face milling of grey cast iron." International Journal of Machining and Machinability of Materials 19, no. 2 (2017): 180. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijmmm.2017.082910.

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Dinakaran, D., and M. Padmakumar. "Performance evaluation of cryogenically treated and tempered tungsten carbide insert on face milling of grey cast iron." International Journal of Machining and Machinability of Materials 19, no. 2 (2017): 180. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijmmm.2017.10003781.

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Ventura, C. E. H., D. C. Cruz, V. L. Sordi, and D. I. Suyama. "Effect of the grinding process on the wear of a cemented tungsten carbide cutting insert during turning." Procedia CIRP 101 (2021): 174–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2021.02.020.

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Yoon, Su-Jong, and Tae-Gyu Kim. "Deposition of c-BN Films on Tungsten Carbide Insert Tool by Microwave Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition(MPECVD)." Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering 41, no. 2 (April 30, 2008): 43–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5695/jkise.2008.41.2.043.

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Gopikrishnan, A., A. K. Nizamudheen, and M. Kanthababu. "Acoustic Emission Signal Analysis for Tool Condition Monitoring in Microturning of Titanium Alloy." Advanced Materials Research 984-985 (July 2014): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.984-985.31.

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In this work, an online acoustic emission (AE) monitoring system is developed, to investigate the effect of tool wear during the microturning of titanium alloy with a tungsten carbide insert of nose radius 0.1 mm. The AE signal parameters were analyzed in time domain, frequency domain and discrete wavelet transformation (DWT) techniques to correlate with the tool wear status. The root mean square (AERMS) and specific AE energies are also computed for the decomposed AE signals, using the DWT. The results demonstrated that dominant frequency and DWT techniques are found to be most suitable for online tool condition monitoring, using AE sensors in the microturning of titanium alloy.

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Zębala, Wojciech, and Robert Kowalczyk. "Cutting Data Influence on Cutting Forces and Surface Finish during Sintered Carbide Turning." Key Engineering Materials 581 (October 2013): 148–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.581.148.

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The paper presents research of turning of super hard materials, like sintered carbides, with PCD (polycrystalline diamond) tools. Sintered carbides with cobalt, as metal binder, with good properties of abrasion resistant in high temperature environment are used as construction material. These materials, produced by a powder metallurgy process, are difficult-to-machine because of their high hardness and brittleness. In the work, a special attention was paid on the cutting force component Fc and surface finish, in the form of roughness parameter Ra, at variable cutting data (cutting speed vc, feed f and depth of cut ap). The test stand for research was consisted of the precise lathe, work piece (a tungsten carbides rod with 25% Co content), tool holder of DTGNR 2020K16 type, insert of TNGA type with PCD edges, Kistler force dynamometer and Taylor Hobson profilometer. Taguchi design and ANOVA analysis were applied.

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Gajrani, Kishor Kumar, Sompalli Suresh, and Mamilla Ravi Sankar. "Environmental friendly hard machining performance of uncoated and MoS 2 coated mechanical micro-textured tungsten carbide cutting tools." Tribology International 125 (September 2018): 141–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2018.04.031.

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Yanda, Hendri, Jaharah A. Ghani, and Che Hassan Che Haron. "Application of FEM in Investigating Machining Performance." Advanced Materials Research 264-265 (June 2011): 1033–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.264-265.1033.

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The two biggest problems that often experienced in machining cast iron are poor machinability and high hardness. Up to now, many researchers have investigated machining performance and how to find optimum condition in machining ductile cast iron. This study aims to investigate the machining performance of ductile cast iron and carbide cutting tool using FEM. Performances were evaluated by changing the cutting tool geometries on the machining responses of cutting force, stress, strain, and generated temperature on the workpiece. Deform-3D commercial finite element software was used in this study. Ductile cast iron FCD 500 grade was used as the work piece material and carbide insert DNMA432 type with WC (Tungsten) was used for the cutting tool. The effects of rake and clearance angles were investigated by designing various tool geometries. Various combination of carbide insert geometries were designed using Solid Work to produce +15, +20 and +30 deg for rake angle and 5, 7, 8 and 9 deg for clearance angle. Machining condition for the simulations were remained constant at cutting speed of 200 m/min, feed rate of 0.35 mm/rev, and depth of cut of 0.3 mm. The results of effective-stress, strain and generated temperature on both chip and material surface were analysed. The results show that by increasing the rake angle (α), it will improves the machining performance by reducing the cutting force, stress, strain and generated temperature on surface of workpiece. But, by increasing the clearance angle (γ), it will not affect much to the cutting force, stress, strain and generated temperature on chip.

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Budi, Esmar, M. Mohd Razali, and A. R. Md Nizam. "SURFACE MORPHOLOGY OF SPUTTERED TITANIUM-ALUMINUM-NITRIDE COATINGS." Spektra: Jurnal Fisika dan Aplikasinya 5, no. 1 (April 30, 2020): 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/spektra.051.09.

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A study on the surface morphology of sputtered TiAlN coatings is presented. The coatings were deposited by DC magnetron sputtering on tungsten carbide insert tools. The surface morphology was characterized by using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), and the surface roughness was indicated by RMS roughness value. It was observed that the TiAlN coating surface morphology was rough as the negative substrate bias and nitrogen flow rate are increased. The evolution of the sputtered TiAlN coatings surface morphology was due to the competition between particle diffusion and re-scattering effect during the sputtering process. At high negative substrate bias and nitrogen flow rate, the re-scattering effect was prominent, leading to the high roughness of the sputtered TiAlN coating surface.

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Mohd Amri. "The Performance of Uncoated Tungsten Carbide Insert in End Milling Titanium Alloy Ti-6Al 4V through Work Piece Preheating." American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences 2, no. 1 (January 1, 2009): 147–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3844/ajeas.2009.147.153.

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Amartalingam. "The Performance of Uncoated Tungsten Carbide Insert in End Milling Titanium Alloy Ti-6Al 4V through Work Piece Preheating." American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences 2, no. 1 (January 1, 2009): 147–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3844/ajeassp.2009.147.153.

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Raja Abdullah, Raja Izamshah, Bahrin Ikram Redzuwan, Mohd Sanusi Abdul Aziz, and Mohd Shahir Kasim. "Comparative study of tool wear in milling titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) using PVD and CVD coated cutting tool." Industrial Lubrication and Tribology 69, no. 3 (May 8, 2017): 363–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ilt-09-2016-0202.

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Purpose The purpose of this study was to compare machining performance between chemical vapor deposition (CVD)- and physical vapor deposition (PVD)-coated cutting tools to obtain the optimal cutting parameters based on different types of tools for machining titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V). Design/methodology/approach The design of the experiment was constructed using the response surface methodology (RSM) with the Box–Behnken method. Two types of round-shaped tungsten carbide inserts were used in this experiment, namely, PVD TiAlN/AlCrN insert tool and CVD TiCN/Al2O3 insert tool. The titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) material was used throughout this experiment. The tool wear and microstructure analysis were measured using a tool maker microscope, an optical microscope and a scanning electron machine. Findings The PVD TiAlN/AlCrN insert tool produces the lowest tool wear that significantly prolongs the cutting tool life compared to the CVD TiCN/Al2O3 insert tool. In addition, depth of cut was the main factor affecting the tool life, followed by cutting speed and feed rate. Originality/value This study was conducted to compare machining performance between CVD- and PVD-coated cutting tools to obtain the optimal cutting parameters based on different types of tools for machining titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V). In addition, the information presented in this paper helps reduce the manufacturing cost and setup time for machining titanium alloy. Finally, tool wear comparison between PVD- and CVD-coated titanium alloys was also presented for future improvement for tool manufacturing application.

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Singh, Rupinder, Jasminder Singh Dureja, Manu Dogra, and Jugraj Singh Randhawa. "Optimization of machining parameters under MQL turning of Ti-6Al-4V alloy with textured tool using multi-attribute decision-making methods." World Journal of Engineering 16, no. 5 (October 7, 2019): 648–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/wje-06-2019-0170.

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Purpose This paper aims to focus on the application of multi-attribute decision-making methods (MADMs) to ascertain the optimal machining parameters while turning Ti-6Al-4V alloy under minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) conditions using Jatropha-curcas oil (JCO) bio-based lubricant. Design/methodology/approach The experiments were designed and performed using Taguchi L27 design of experiments methodology. A total of 27 experiments were performed under MQL conditions using textured carbide cutting tools on which different MADMs like Analytic hierarchy process (AHP), Technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) and Simple additive weighting (SAW) were implemented in an empirical manner to extract optimize machining parameters for turning of Ti-6Al-4V alloy under set of constrained conditions. Findings The results evaluated through MADMs exhibit the optimized set of machining parameters (cutting speed Vc = 80 m/min, feed rate f = 0.05 mm/rev. and depth of cut ap = 0.10 mm) for minimizing the average surface roughness (Ra), maximum flank wear (Vbmax), tangential cutting force (Fc) and cutting temperature (T). Further, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and traditional desirability function approach was applied and results of TOPSIS and SAW methods having optimal setting of parameters were compared as well as confirmation experiments were conducted to verify the results. A SEM analysis at lowest and highest cutting speeds was performed to investigate the tool wear patterns. At the highest speed, large cutting temperature generated, thereby resulted in chipping as well as notching and fracturing of the textured insert. Originality/value The research paper attempted in exploring the optimized machining parameters during turning of difficult-to-cut titanium alloy (Ti-6AL-4V) with textured carbide cutting tool under MQL environment through combined approach of MADMs techniques. Ti-6Al-4V alloy has been extensively used in important aerospace components like fuselage, hydraulic tubing, bulk head, wing spar, landing gear, as well as bio-medical applications.

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Thompson, R. A. "Chatter Growth—Tests to Evaluate the Theory." Journal of Engineering for Industry 110, no. 4 (November 1, 1988): 344–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3187893.

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Tests were run on a 30-hp Mazak slant turn lathe machining Inconel 718 with a 883 grade tungsten carbide button insert. The purpose of the tests was to evaluate the regenerative chatter theory of reference 1 and the chatter sensor and adaptive control strategies it predicts. The cutting system’s mechanical response was measured by shaking it at constant force through the swept frequency range of 30 to 1000 Hz. From these tests and static stiffness tests, the system’s effective mass, damping, and stiffness were measured. Cutting force tests were run to measure the machining system’s cutting compliance. The results of the shake and cutting tests were substituted into the regenerative stability model to predict the machine’s chatter behavior. The theory was consistent with test observations.

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Kumar, K. M., and P. Hariharan. "PREDICTION AND INVESTIGATION OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS WHILE TURNING SG IRON WITH CUBIC BORON NITRIDE (CBN) AND TUNGSTEN CARBIDE INSERTS." Transactions of the Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering 41, no. 1 (March 2017): 129–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/tcsme-2017-1009.

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This work compares the effect of cubic boron nitride (CBN) and multilayer (TiCN+Al2O3+TiN) coated tungsten carbide (WC) tools during the turning of spheroidal graphite (SG) nodular iron. Nodular irons have more ductility which is required in mechanical components that demand high fatigue resistance like crankshafts, cam shafts, bearing caps and clutch housings. The impact of various process parameters like the depth of cut, cutting speed and feed on the surface roughness (Ra) of SG iron is studied and optimized using the response surface model. The chip morphology is also discussed for evaluation of the quality of the turned surface. The experimental outcomes reveal that the WC tool offers a high surface finish at the optimal combination of the cutting speed at 102 meter/minute, feed at 0.051 millimeter/revolution and depth of cut at 0.5 millimeter and that, for the CBN insert, at 245 meter/minute of cutting speed, 0.051 millimeter/revolution of feed and 0.75 millimeter of depth of cut.

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Amin, A. K. M. Nurul, A. A. Che Omar, M. A. Mohammed Kamal, Mahmoud M. A. Nassar, N. F. Mohd Zaib, and Muammer Din Arif. "Achievement of Ductile Regime Machining in High Speed End Milling of Soda Lime Glass by Using Tungsten Carbide Tool Insert." Advanced Materials Research 1115 (July 2015): 39–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1115.39.

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Soda lime glass is widely used in optics, chemical apparatus, camera lens, micro gas turbines, light bulbs etc. on account of its high hardness, corrosion resistance, and excellent optical properties. These require high dimensional accuracy and flawless surface finish. However, soda lime glass is inherently brittle leading to subsurface crack propagation and fracture which compromise its functionality. To avoid these defects, the machining needs to be performed under ductile mode conditions. Therefore, this research investigates the viability and requisite conditions for achieving ductile regime machining (DRM) in high speed micro-end milling of soda lime glass. Machining was performed at high cutting speeds (30,000 to 50,000 rpm), feed rate (5 to 15 mm/min), and depth of cut (3 to 7 μm). A surface profilometer was then used to measure the surface roughness and a scanning electron microscope (SEM) used to scrutinize the resultant machined surfaces. The results demonstrate that ductile streaks and rounded gummy chips (without sharp or jagged edges) are produced in all runs. In addition, there are no subsurface cracks and the minimum surface roughness attained is 0.08μm. These indicate that DRM of soda lime glass is obtainable using high-speed micro end milling in a conventional end mill with tungsten carbide inserts.

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Che Ghani, Saiful, Kai Cheng, Xi Zhi Sun, and Richard Bateman. "Optimizing Heat Transfer Rate in an Internally Cooled Cutting Tool: FE- Based Design Analysis and Experimental Study." Key Engineering Materials 496 (December 2011): 188–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.496.188.

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The machining process produces high local temperatures in the tool-chip and tool-workpiece contact areas, normally lead to negative influence on the machine performance. This paper presents a study on optimizing the internal micro channel structure of a tungsten carbide (WC) cutting tool in order to enhance heat transfer rate when applied with internal cooling fluid. Inspired by water jet impingement theory, the efficiency and heat transfer rate of single phase micro channel mainly depends on the fluid velocity as well as temperature difference between the cooling fluid and hot surface. In this study three variables, i.e. the space between channel and internal wall of the insert, channel diameter and fluid temperature, have been tested with design of experiments (DoE) to study the significance of the factors and interactions between them on cutting temperature. A 3-D finite element (FE) model has been developed to observe the effects of these factors on heat transfer rate. The simulation results show the most dominant factor to affect the cutting temperature is the temperature of the cooling fluid followed by the space between channel and tool insert internal wall.

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Kuppuswamy, Ramesh, and Nomvelo Mkhize. "Near Ductile Regime Machining of Tungsten Carbide insert through Control of Cutting Speed Parameter While Using a Poly-Crystalline Diamond Tool." Procedia Manufacturing 8 (2017): 549–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.promfg.2017.02.070.

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Anand, K., M. V. Siddharth, K. S. Vijay Sekar, and S. Suresh Kumar. "Impact of Tool Inserts in High Speed Machining of GFRP Composite Material." Applied Mechanics and Materials 787 (August 2015): 664–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.787.664.

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Composite materials are in-homogenous, anisotropic and cause high tool wear at high cutting speeds in machining. Industrial practices worldwide reveal a need to use high speed machining to achieve the desired material removal rate, surface finish and to reduce cost cutting. In this research work, impact of turning glass fibre reinforced polymer tube with two contrasting turning tool inserts such as titanium aluminium nitride and tungsten carbide have been analysed. The turning was conducted at low to high cutting conditions up to spindle speeds of 2000 rpm and feed rate of 0.446mm/rev. The cutting force, feed force were acquired with a strain gauge based dynamometer, the chip cross section was observed using scanning electron microscopy and the temperature was sensed with a infra red thermo sensor. The advanced titanium aluminium nitride insert shows better machining characteristics across cutting speeds.

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Shen, Bin, and Fang Hong Sun. "The Cutting Performance of Ultra-Smooth Composite Diamond Coated WC-Co Inserts in Dry Turning Al/SiC-MMC." Advanced Materials Research 325 (August 2011): 400–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.325.400.

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In present study, a novel deposition method combining conventional hot filament chemical vapor deposition (HFCVD) method and surface polishing is adopted to deposit the micro/nano-crystalline multilayered ultra-smooth diamond (USCD) film on the cobalt cemented tungsten carbide (WC-Co) cutting inserts. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image shows that the deposited USCD film exhibits an ultra-smooth surface, whose surface roughness (Ra) is measured as ~95.7 nm using surface profilometer. The characterization of Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) further confirms that the grain size of USCD film is down to the nanometer scale. Furthermore, dry turning tests using Al/SiC-MMC as workpiece are conducted to examine the cutting performance of as-fabricated USCD coated inserts, comparing with uncoated WC-Co inserts, MCD and DLC coated inserts. The results show that the USCD coated insert exhibits much longer lifetime than other inserts, whose effective cutting length is as long as 190 m, nearly two times more than that of DLC and MCD coated inserts, and 5 times more than that of uncoated WC-Co inserts. The excellent wear resistance and ultra-smooth surface of USCD films is supposed to play determinate role on elongating the lifetime of WC-Co cutting insert.

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Stoxreiter, Thomas, Robert Wenighofer, Gary Portwood, Simone Pallesi, Alessandro Bertini, Robert Galler, and Stephan Grafinger. "Rock fracture initiation and propagation by mechanical and hydraulic impact." Open Geosciences 11, no. 1 (November 14, 2019): 783–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/geo-2019-0061.

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Abstract Rock fracture due to high-pressure fluid jetting and insert indentation was experimentally investigated. In the frame of this article, indentation designates the process of pressing a tungsten carbide insert (TCI) for roller cone bits displacement-controlled into the rock surface. Under atmospheric conditions, several crystalline and one sedimentary rock type were tested. Depending on the size, type and bonding of the mineral grains, distinct differences in fracture behaviour were observed. The influence of elevated ambient pressure regimes on the evolving cracks and fractures in the tested granite revealed that microcracking ceases with increasing ambient pressure, while the specific energy is also significantly affected. Under similar conditions, indentation experiments were performed on undamaged samples and on samples containing jetted kerfs. A distinct variation in the measured maximum force and removed volume indicated different underlying rock fracture mechanisms. By applying methods for crack visualization and three-dimensional rendering, it turned out that the dimensions of the kerf significantly affected the mechanism of fracture initiation and propagation as well as the extent of the associated fracture pattern. Furthermore, the common practice of characterizing the rock excavation process only via measurable quantities such as the specific energy, without considering the created fracture pattern, yields misleading results.

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Hanizam, H., Md Nizam Abd Rahman, Noraiham Mohamad, and A. R. Soufhwee. "Surface Energy and Crystallite Size Comparisons by Applying Direct Current and Pulse Direct Current on Substrate Bias in PVD Process." Applied Mechanics and Materials 315 (April 2013): 98–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.315.98.

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Surface morphology homogeneity and energy modifications for in situ PVD process are two critical factors to prevent unexpected adhesion failure during machining or service. Unlike during film depositing, there is still much gap to be explored on applying pulsed biasing concepts to the substrate during in situ, to ensure the substrate surface readiness prior to film coating. The purpose of this paper is to study the effects of conventional direct current (DC) and pulse direct current (PDC) applied at substrate bias to the surface energy and crystallite size. Tungsten carbide (WC) cutting tool insert and titanium nitride (TiN) were used as substrate and hard coating respectively. The runs were conducted to compare the bias at DC (-500V) and PDC (-200V, -500V, -800V). The surface energy and crystallite size were characterized through wettability test and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The applying of PDC on the substrate bias was found to further enhance the characteristics of the surface compared to the conventional DC substrate bias.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Textured insert; Tungsten carbide'

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