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Hui-Bon-Hoa, Alain. "The Toulouse–Geneva Evolution Code (TGEC)." Astrophysics and Space Science 316, no. 1-4 (2007): 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10509-007-9605-6.
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SIMÕES, F., and J. D. DO NASCIMENTO. "WHAT ROLE DOES CONVECTION PLAY IN THE SYNCHRONIZATION AND CIRCULARIZATION OF BINARIES WITH EVOLVED COMPONENTS?" International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series 18 (January 2012): 174–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010194512008409.
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Binary stars are important for understanding stellar structure and evolution. Binary systems with an evolved component give us an important constraint about the role played by convection on the characteristic time for tidal synchronization and circularization. On this study, we discuss about the role of convection in binary stars with evolved components. Base on a stellar sample composed by 260 binary stars with surface convective mass determined from evolutionary models computed with the Toulouse-Geneva Evolution Code (TGEC) as in do Nascimento et al. (2009). The stars with different convective deepening are represented in the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram (HR diagram). We are focused on the important question of how convection influence the evolution of the tidal synchronization and circularization of binary systems with an evolved component.
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Castro, Matthieu, Tharcísyo Duarte, and José Dias do Nascimento. "Theoretical evolution of Rossby number for solar analog stars." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 9, S302 (2013): 144–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921314001914.
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AbstractMagnetic fields of late-type stars are presumably generated by a dynamo mechanism at the interface layer between the radiative interior and the outer convective zone. The Rossby number, which is related to the dynamo process, shows an observational correlation with activity. It represents the ratio between the rotation period of the star and the local convective turnover time. The former is well determined from observations but the latter is estimated by an empirical iterated function depending on the color index (B-V) and the mixing-length parameter. We computed the theoretical Rossby number of stellar models with the TGEC code, and analyze its evolution with time during the main sequence. We estimated a function for the local convective turnover time corresponding to a mixing-length parameter inferred from a solar model, and compare our results to the estimated Rossby number of 33 solar analogs and twins, observed with the spectropolarimeters ESPaDOnS@CFHT and Narval@LBT.
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Thompson, Sunnie R., Elizabeth B. Goodwin, and Marvin Wickens. "Rapid Deadenylation and Poly(A)-Dependent Translational Repression Mediated by the Caenorhabditis elegans tra-2 3′ Untranslated Region in XenopusEmbryos." Molecular and Cellular Biology 20, no. 6 (2000): 2129–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.20.6.2129-2137.2000.
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ABSTRACT The 3′ untranslated region (3′UTR) of many eukaryotic mRNAs is essential for their control during early development. Negative translational control elements in 3′UTRs regulate pattern formation, cell fate, and sex determination in a variety of organisms.tra-2 mRNA in Caenorhabditis elegans is required for female development but must be repressed to permit spermatogenesis in hermaphrodites. Translational repression oftra-2 mRNA in C. elegans is mediated by tandemly repeated elements in its 3′UTR; these elements are called TGEs (for tra-2 and GLI element). To examine the mechanism of TGE-mediated repression, we first demonstrate that TGE-mediated translational repression occurs in Xenopus embryos and thatXenopus egg extracts contain a TGE-specific binding factor. Translational repression by the TGEs requires that the mRNA possess a poly(A) tail. We show that in C. elegans, the poly(A) tail of wild-type tra-2 mRNA is shorter than that of a mutant mRNA lacking the TGEs. To determine whether TGEs regulate poly(A) length directly, synthetic tra-2 3′UTRs with and without the TGEs were injected into Xenopus embryos. We find that TGEs accelerate the rate of deadenylation and permit the last 15 adenosines to be removed from the RNA, resulting in the accumulation of fully deadenylated molecules. We conclude that TGE-mediated translational repression involves either interference with poly(A)'s function in translation and/or regulated deadenylation.
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Lőrincz, Márta, Imre Biksi, Simon Andersson, Attila Cságola, and Tamás Tuboly. "Sporadic re-emergence of enzootic porcine transmissible gastroenteritis in Hungary." Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 62, no. 1 (2014): 125–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/avet.2013.043.
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Transmissible gastroenteritis (TGE) is a coronavirus-induced disease of pigs, characterised by diarrhoea and vomiting. The incidence of the disease had been decreasing since the late 1980s when deletion mutant variants (porcine respiratory coronavirus, PRCoV) of the virus emerged, repressing TGE gradually. Although disease manifestations are infrequent, the virus is still present in pig herds, causing sporadic outbreaks in a milder form. Identification and characterisation of the spike genes from TGEV and PRCoV, detected in such outbreaks, were performed in Hungary. Analysis of the amplified partial gene sequences showed that TGEV was present in herds with TGE clinical signs together with PRCoV. The sequences, apart from the deletions in PRCoV, were identical and at least two types of PRCoV spike proteins could be identified based on the length of the deleted sequence.
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Skwarek, Agata, Beata Synkiewicz, Jan Kulawik, Piotr Guzdek, Krzysztof Witek, and Jacek Tarasiuk. "High temperature thermogenerators made on DBC substrate using vapour phase soldering." Soldering & Surface Mount Technology 27, no. 3 (2015): 125–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ssmt-04-2015-0017.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to assess the reliability of thermoelectric generators after ageing at elevated temperature and to determine the influence of the technology used (i.e. type of thermoelectric material, type of substrate and soldering technology) for thermogenerator (TGE) assembly. Design/methodology/approach – In this paper, the Seebeck coefficient and the current voltage were measured for lead telluride doped with either manganese (PMT), germanium (PGT) or sulfur (PST) TGEs. The Seebeck coefficient measurements were taken at temperatures between 230 and 630 K. Findings – The Seebeck coefficient determined for PMT, PGT and PST TGEs increases approximately linearly with increasing temperature and is greater by about 40 per cent for PST and about 30 per cent for PMT than in commercially available PbTe TGEs. The best outcome in terms of stability after long-term ageing was that of PMT material. Originality/value – The choice of proper technology (i.e. thermoelectric materials, type of substrate and soldering technology) for the TGE assembly is essential for their functioning overtime and reliability.
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Serweta, Wioleta, Małgorzata Matusiak, and Katarzyna Ławińska. "Research on Optimising the Insulation of Footwear Materials Using Statistical Methods." Fibres and Textiles in Eastern Europe 27, no. 4(136) (2019): 81–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.1823.
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In this paper, the results of research on the thermal insulation properties of textile and leather materials are presented. These materials were used in order to develop innovative footwear upper combinations with higher hygienic properties. Outer leather materials (L1, L2) and textile (T1, T2, T3, T4) were joined around the edges by stitching with leather lining materials (LG1a, LG1b, LG1c) and textiles. Moreover, the textile linings were divided into the following groups: spacer fabrics (TG2a, TG2b, TG2c), flat textiles (TG3a, TG3b, TG3c) and flat textiles based on bamboo fibres (TG4a, TG4b, TG4c, TG4d). In the next step of these investigations, the materials were joined in a two – layered composition, where for the outer layer was upper material, and for the inner – lining material. For these compositions, the thermal insulation properties were measured with the use of an Alambeta device. The following material characteristics were determined: thermal conductivity, resistance and absorptivity, which were the most important parameters from a hygienic point of view. The classification mentioned above was important from the manufacturer’s point of view because it gave a set of information about optimal upper material configurations. With respect to the results obtained, the best packages from the thermal insulation point of view were as follows: L2 – TG4b, L1 – TG4b, T1 – LG1a, T2 – TG4a, T3 – TG4a & T4 – LG1a.
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Guliy, Olga, Boris Zaitsev, Andrey Teplykh, et al. "Acoustical Slot Mode Sensor for the Rapid Coronaviruses Detection." Sensors 21, no. 5 (2021): 1822. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21051822.
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A method for the rapid detection of coronaviruses is presented on the example of the transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) directly in aqueous solutions with different conductivity. An acoustic sensor based on a slot wave in an acoustic delay line was used for the research. The addition of anti-TGEV antibodies (Abs) diluted in an aqueous solution led to a change in the depth and frequency of resonant peaks on the frequency dependence of the insertion loss of the sensor. The difference in the output parameters of the sensor before and after the biological interaction of the TGE virus in solutions with the specific antibodies allows drawing a conclusion about the presence/absence of the studied viruses in the analyzed solution. The possibility for virus detection in aqueous solutions with the conductivity of 1.9–900 μs/cm, as well as in the presence of the foreign viral particles, has been demonstrated. The analysis time did not exceed 10 min.
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Burchard-Levine, Vicente, Héctor Nieto, David Riaño, et al. "Seasonal Adaptation of the Thermal-Based Two-Source Energy Balance Model for Estimating Evapotranspiration in a Semiarid Tree-Grass Ecosystem." Remote Sensing 12, no. 6 (2020): 904. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12060904.
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The thermal-based two-source energy balance (TSEB) model has accurately simulated energy fluxes in a wide range of landscapes with both remote and proximal sensing data. However, tree-grass ecosystems (TGE) have notably complex heterogeneous vegetation mixtures and dynamic phenological characteristics presenting clear challenges to earth observation and modeling methods. Particularly, the TSEB modeling structure assumes a single vegetation source, making it difficult to represent the multiple vegetation layers present in TGEs (i.e., trees and grasses) which have different phenological and structural characteristics. This study evaluates the implementation of TSEB in a TGE located in central Spain and proposes a new strategy to consider the spatial and temporal complexities observed. This was based on sensitivity analyses (SA) conducted on both primary remote sensing inputs (local SA) and model parameters (global SA). The model was subsequently modified considering phenological dynamics in semi-arid TGEs and assuming a dominant vegetation structure and cover (i.e., either grassland or broadleaved trees) for different seasons (TSEB-2S). The adaptation was compared against the default model and evaluated against eddy covariance (EC) flux measurements and lysimeters over the experimental site. TSEB-2S vastly improved over the default TSEB performance decreasing the mean bias and root-mean-square-deviation (RMSD) of latent heat (LE) from 40 and 82 W m−2 to −4 and 59 W m−2, respectively during 2015. TSEB-2S was further validated for two other EC towers and for different years (2015, 2016 and 2017) obtaining similar error statistics with RMSD of LE ranging between 57 and 63 W m−2. The results presented here demonstrate a relatively simple strategy to improve water and energy flux monitoring over a complex and vulnerable landscape, which are often poorly represented through remote sensing models.
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Holzberger, Rudolf. "Biegefähige TGIC-freie Pulverlacke." JOT Journal für Oberflächentechnik 40, no. 1 (2000): 22–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03240708.
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Curtis, Kristopher M., Boyd Yount, and Ralph S. Baric. "Heterologous Gene Expression from Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus Replicon Particles." Journal of Virology 76, no. 3 (2002): 1422–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.76.3.1422-1434.2002.
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ABSTRACT We have recently isolated a transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) infectious construct designated TGEV 1000 (B. Yount, K. M. Curtis, and R. S. Baric, J. Virol. 74:10600–10611, 2000). Using this construct, a recombinant TGEV was constructed that replaced open reading frame (ORF) 3A with a heterologous gene encoding green fluorescent protein (GFP). Following transfection of baby hamster kidney (BHK) cells, a recombinant TGEV (TGEV-GFP2) was isolated that replicated efficiently and expressed GFP. Replicon constructs were constructed that lacked either the ORF 3B and E genes or the ORF 3B, E, and M genes [TGEV-Rep(AvrII) and TGEV-Rep(EcoNI), respectively]. As the E and M proteins are essential for TGEV virion budding, these replicon RNAs should replicate but not result in the production of infectious virus. Following cotransfection of BHK cells with the replicon RNAs carrying gfp, GFP expression was evident by fluorescent microscopy and leader-containing transcripts carrying gfp were detected by reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR). Subsequent passage of cell culture supernatants onto permissive swine testicular (ST) cells did not result in the virus, GFP expression, or the presence of leader-containing subgenomic transcripts, demonstrating the single-hit nature of the TGEV replicon RNAs. To prepare a packaging system to assemble TGEV replicon particles (TGEV VRP), the TGEV E gene was cloned into a Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) replicon expression vector and VEE replicon particles encoding the TGEV E protein were isolated [VEE-TGEV(E)]. BHK cells were either cotransfected with TGEV-Rep(AvrII) (E gene deletion) and VEE-TGEV(E) RNA transcripts or transfected with TGEV-Rep(AvrII) RNA transcripts and subsequently infected with VEE VRPs carrying the TGEV E gene. In both cases, GFP expression and leader-containing GFP transcripts were detected in transfected cells. Cell culture supernatants, collected ∼36 h posttransfection, were passed onto fresh ST cells where GFP expression was evident ∼18 h postinfection. Leader-containing GFP transcripts containing the ORF 3B and E gene deletions were detected by RT-PCR. Recombinant TGEV was not released from these cultures. Under identical conditions, TGEV-GFP2 spread throughout ST cell cultures, expressed GFP, and formed viral plaques. The development of infectious TGEV replicon particles should assist studies of TGEV replication and assembly as well as facilitate the production of novel swine candidate vaccines.
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Zhang, Hui, Shengdong He, Youping Hu, and Hui Zheng. "Antagonism of Cannabinoid Receptor 1 Attenuates the Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Electroacupuncture in a Rodent Model of Migraine." Acupuncture in Medicine 34, no. 6 (2016): 463–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/acupmed-2016-011113.
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Background The anti-nociceptive effects of electroacupuncture (EA) in migraine have been documented in multiple randomised controlled trials. Neurogenic inflammation plays a key role in migraine attacks, and the anti-inflammatory effects of acupuncture have been associated with the type 1 cannabinoid (CB1) receptor. Objective To investigate whether CB1 receptors mediate the anti-inflammatory effects of EA on migraine attacks. Methods A migraine model was produced in Sprague-Dawley rats by unilateral electrical stimulation of the trigeminal ganglion (TGES). Rats received EA daily on the 5 days preceding TGES with (TGES+EA+SR141716 group) or without (TGES+EA group) intraperitoneal injections of the CB1 receptor antagonist SR141716. Another group of TGES rats (TGES+MA group) and a non-TGES sham-operated group of rats (Sham+MA group) received minimal acupuncture (MA). Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) concentrations were determined in serum obtained from the ipsilateral jugular vein at initiation of TGES and 5 min after. Postmortem interleukin (IL)-1β and cyclooxygenase (COX)2 protein levels in the trigeminal ganglion (TG) and plasma protein extravasation (PPE) in the dura mater were assessed. Results TGES induced increases in serum CGRP and PGE2 levels (TGES+MA vs baseline and vs Sham: all p<0.001), as well as IL-1β and COX2 protein expression in the TG, and neurogenic PPE levels (TGES+MA vs Sham+MA: all p<0.001). EA attenuated TGES-induced increases in the levels of these proteins (TGES+EA vs TGES+MA: all p<0.001). CB1 receptor antagonism reversed the effects of EA (TGES+EA+SR141716 vs TGES+EA: all p<0.05). Conclusions CB1 receptors appear to mediate anti-inflammatory effects of EA in a rat model of migraine.
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Vupputuri, Suma, Stacie L. Daugherty, Kalvin Yu, et al. "A Mixed Methods Study Describing the Quality of Healthcare Received by Transgender and Gender Nonconforming Patients at a Large Integrated Health System." Healthcare 9, no. 5 (2021): 530. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9050530.
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Transgender and gender nonconforming (TGNC) patients have been seeking medical care in higher numbers and have faced unique social, personal, and health issues that affect the quality of care they receive. The purpose of this study was to conduct a mixed-methods study to describe TGNC care at Kaiser Permanente Mid-Atlantic States, a large integrated health system. We used a transgender registry to describe a TGNC patient population and compared healthcare utilization between TGNC patients and non-TGNC patients. Four focus groups were also conducted among 28 patients. Atlas.ti software was used to code and analyze themes for the qualitative analysis. Among the 282 adults TGNC patients, the mean age was 32.6 years. Of the study sample, 59% were White, and 27% were Black. TGNC patients demonstrated an increased use of email/telephone visits and the online patient portal and more cancellations and no-shows compared to non-TGNC controls. Of the 28 TGNC patients who participated in the focus groups, 39% identified as female, 21% as a transman, and 18% as non-binary/genderqueer. Participants were predominantly White (68%), highly educated (74%), and reported use of hormones (89%). Themes that emerged from our qualitative analysis included: limited availability of TGNC information; positive and negative sentiments regarding patient–provider interactions; issues with case management; limited access to care; lack of coordination of care; negative staff experiences. We identified specific areas in a health system to improve the quality of care of TGNC patients, including specific TGNC training for providers and staff, a source of TGNC information/resources, and hiring and training TGNC-specific case managers.
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Yang, Cheng-Wei, Yung-Ning Yang, Po-Huang Liang, et al. "Novel Small-Molecule Inhibitors of Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 51, no. 11 (2007): 3924–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.00408-07.
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ABSTRACT We used swine testicle (ST) cells infected with transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) and an indirect immunofluorescent assay with antibodies against TGEV spike and nucleocapsid proteins to screen small-molecule compounds that inhibit TGEV replication. Analogues of initial hits were collected and subjected to a 3CL protease (3CLpro) inhibition assay with recombinant 3CLpro and a fluorogenic peptide substrate. A series of benzothiazolium compounds were found to have inhibitory activity against TGEV 3CLpro and to exert anti-TGEV activities in terms of viral protein and RNA replication in TGEV-infected ST cells, with consequent protection of TGEV-infected ST cells from cytopathic effect by blocking the activation of caspase-3.
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Cui, Tingting, Sebastiaan Theuns, Jiexiong Xie, Wim Van den Broeck, and Hans J. Nauwynck. "Role of Porcine Aminopeptidase N and Sialic Acids in Porcine Coronavirus Infections in Primary Porcine Enterocytes." Viruses 12, no. 4 (2020): 402. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v12040402.
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Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) and transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) have been reported to use aminopeptidase N (APN) as a cellular receptor. Recently, the role of APN as a receptor for PEDV has been questioned. In our study, the role of APN in PEDV and TGEV infections was studied in primary porcine enterocytes. After seven days of cultivation, 89% of enterocytes presented microvilli and showed a two- to five-fold higher susceptibility to PEDV and TGEV. A significant increase of PEDV and TGEV infection was correlated with a higher expression of APN, which was indicative that APN plays an important role in porcine coronavirus infections. However, PEDV and TGEV infected both APN positive and negative enterocytes. PEDV and TGEV Miller showed a higher infectivity in APN positive cells than in APN negative cells. In contrast, TGEV Purdue replicated better in APN negative cells. These results show that an additional receptor exists, different from APN for porcine coronaviruses. Subsequently, treatment of enterocytes with neuraminidase (NA) had no effect on infection efficiency of TGEV, implying that terminal cellular sialic acids (SAs) are no receptor determinants for TGEV. Treatment of TGEV with NA significantly enhanced the infection which shows that TGEV is masked by SAs.
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Lucas, William F. "The 50th anniversary of TGEB." Games and Economic Behavior 8, no. 1 (1995): 264–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0899-8256(05)80022-3.
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Shoup, David I., David E. Swayne, Daral J. Jackwood, and Linda J. Saif. "Immunohistochemistry of Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus Antigens in Fixed Paraffin-Embedded Tissues." Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 8, no. 2 (1996): 161–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104063879600800204.
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An immunohistochemistry technique was developed using fixed tissues to study the presence and location of transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) antigens in situ. Experimentally infected gnotobiotic and conventional pigs as well as pigs with natural TGEV infection were examined. The staining technique was based on detection of the major structural protein of TGEV, the nucleocapsid, by using a pool of 3 monoclonal antibodies. Formalin and periodate-lysine-paraformaldehyde (PLP)-fixed intestinal tissues from a gnotobiotic pig inoculated with virulent TGEV were used to determine optimal antibody concentrations and incubation times. The intestinal tissues remained in their respective fixatives for 6 months, and serial sections were removed at sequential times and embedded in paraffin blocks. PLP and 10% neutral buffered formalin were acceptable fixatives and preserved TGEV nucleocapsid antigenicity for up to 6 months. Formalin, in comparison with PLP as a fixative, was better for preserving original tissue morphology and provided better antigen detection. Conventional crossbred pigs were inoculated with virulent TGEV, and animals were euthanized on various postexposure days. Intestinal tissues were positive for TGEV nucleocapsid antigens on postexposure days 2, 4, and 8. The immunohistochemistry technique detected TGEV antigen in stored paraffin-embedded tissues from 14 naturally infected pigs previously confirmed as positive for TGEV using a direct immunofluorescence assay on intestinal mucosal smears, whereas 9 naturally infected pigs confirmed negative for TGEV antigen by the same immunofluorescence assay showed no staining consistent with the presence of TGEV antigen. Immunohistochemistry provides a method to detect TGEV and possibly other closely related coronaviruses such as porcine respiratory coronavirus in situ. A diagnostic test using the same fixed tissues processed for histopathology provides veterinary practitioners an alternative to delivering live pigs or refrigerated fresh intestinal samples containing infectious virus to a diagnostic laboratory. Investigators can utilize this technique to retrospectively screen fixed tissues for TGEV antigen.
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Lefevor, G. Tyler, Rebecca A. Janis, Alexis Franklin, and William-Michael Stone. "Distress and Therapeutic Outcomes Among Transgender and Gender Nonconforming People of Color." Counseling Psychologist 47, no. 1 (2019): 34–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011000019827210.
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Transgender and gender nonconforming (TGNC) People of Color experience stressors unique to both TGNC and racial and/or ethnic minority communities, resulting in disparities in mental health. Guided by minority stress and intersectionality theories, we examined initial anxiety and depression, as well as changes in symptoms, in 41,691 clients from the Center for Collegiate Mental Health 2012–2016 dataset. We sought to understand disparities that may exist in distress and therapeutic response between TGNC and cisgender clients. We also examined the intersection of gender and racial and/or ethnic identities to examine how these trends differ for TGNC People of Color. Results from hierarchical linear modeling indicated greater symptom severity, but a slower remission of symptoms of depression and anxiety, among TGNC clients. Interaction effects were nonsignificant; however, TGNC Clients of Color experienced more distress than either White TGNC clients or cisgender Clients of Color. On average, TGNC clients, compared to cisgender clients, utilized an additional 2.5 sessions of therapy.
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Wang, Gang, Rui Liang, Ziwei Liu, et al. "The N-Terminal Domain of Spike Protein Is Not the Enteric Tropism Determinant for Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus in Piglets." Viruses 11, no. 4 (2019): 313. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v11040313.
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Transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) is the etiologic agent of transmissible gastroenteritis in pigs, and the N-terminal domain of TGEV spike protein is generally recognized as both the virulence determinant and enteric tropism determinant. Here, we assembled a full-length infectious cDNA clone of TGEV in a bacterial artificial chromosome. Using a novel approach, the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) systems efficiently and rapidly rescued another recombinant virus with a 224-amino-acid deletion in the N-terminal domain of the TGEV Spike gene (S_NTD224), which is analogous to the N-terminal domain of porcine respiratory coronavirus. S_NTD224 notably affected the TGEV growth kinetics in PK-15 cells but was not essential for recombinant virus survival. In animal experiments with 13 two-day-old piglets, the TGEV recombinant viruses with/without S_NTD224 deletion induced obvious clinical signs and mortality. Together, our results directly demonstrated that S_NTD224 of TGEV mildly influenced TGEV virulence but was not the enteric tropism determinant and provide new insights for the development of a new attenuated vaccine against TGEV. Importantly, the optimized reverse genetics platform used in this study will simplify the construction of mutant infectious clones and help accelerate progress in coronavirus research.
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Li, Yaoming, Jing Wang, Yinchuan Liu, Xiang Luo, Weiqiang Lei, and Lilan Xie. "Antiviral and virucidal effects of curcumin on transmissible gastroenteritis virus in vitro." Journal of General Virology 101, no. 10 (2020): 1079–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/jgv.0.001466.
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Emerging coronaviruses represent serious threats to human and animal health worldwide, and no approved therapeutics are currently available. Here, we used Transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) as the alpha-coronavirus model, and investigated the antiviral properties of curcumin against TGEV. Our results demonstrated that curcumin strongly inhibited TGEV proliferation and viral protein expression in a dose-dependent manner. We also observed that curcumin exhibited direct virucidal abilities in a dose-, temperature- and time-dependent manner. Furthermore, time-of-addition assays showed that curcumin mainly acted in the early phase of TGEV replication. Notably, in an adsorption assay, curcumin at 40 µM resulted in a reduction in viral titres of 3.55 log TCID50 ml–1, indicating that curcumin possesses excellent inhibitory effects on the adsorption of TGEV. Collectively, we demonstrate for the first time that curcumin has virucidal activity and virtual inhibition against TGEV, suggesting that curcumin might be a candidate drug for effective control of TGEV infection.
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Hansen, G. H., B. Delmas, L. Besnardeau, et al. "The Coronavirus Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus Causes Infection after Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis and Acid-Dependent Fusion with an Intracellular Compartment." Journal of Virology 72, no. 1 (1998): 527–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.72.1.527-534.1998.
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ABSTRACT Aminopeptidase N is a species-specific receptor for transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), which infects piglets, and for the 229E virus, which infects humans. It is not known whether these coronaviruses are endocytosed before fusion with a membrane of the target cell, causing a productive infection, or whether they fuse directly with the plasma membrane. We have studied the interaction between TGEV and a cell line (MDCK) stably expressing recombinant pig aminopeptidase N (pAPN). By electron microscopy and flow cytometry, TGEV was found to be associated with the plasma membrane after adsorption to the pAPN-MDCK cells. TGEV was also observed in endocytic pits and apical vesicles after 3 to 10 min of incubation at 38°C. The number of pits and apical vesicles was increased by the TGEV incubation, indicating an increase in endocytosis. After 10 min of incubation, a distinct TGEV-pAPN-containing population of large intracellular vesicles, morphologically compatible with endosomes, was found. A higher density of pAPN receptors was observed in the pits beneath the virus particles than in the surrounding plasma membrane, indicating that TGEV recruits pAPN receptors before endocytosis. Ammonium chloride and bafilomycin A1 markedly inhibited the TGEV infection as judged from virus production and protein biosynthesis analyses but did so only when added early in the course of the infection, i.e., about 1 h after the start of endocytosis. Together our results point to an acid intracellular compartment as the site of fusion for TGEV.
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Eleouet, Jean-François, Stefan Chilmonczyk, Lydia Besnardeau, and Hubert Laude. "Transmissible Gastroenteritis Coronavirus Induces Programmed Cell Death in Infected Cells through a Caspase-Dependent Pathway." Journal of Virology 72, no. 6 (1998): 4918–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.72.6.4918-4924.1998.
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ABSTRACT In this report, we show that apoptosis (or programmed cell death) is induced in different cell lines infected with a coronavirus, the porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV). Kinetic analysis of internucleosomal DNA cleavage by agarose gel electrophoresis and flow cytometry or cytometric monitoring of the mitochondrial transmembrane potential showed that, for ST cells infected with TGEV, the first overt signs of apoptosis appeared from 10 to 12 h postinfection on. They preceded morphological changes characteristic of cells undergoing apoptosis, as observed by light and electron microscopy. The tripeptide pan-ICE (caspase) inhibitorN-benzyloxycarbonyl-Val-Ala-Asp-fluoromethylketone blocked TGEV-induced apoptosis with no effect on virus production. The thiol agent pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate inhibited apoptosis, suggesting that TGEV infection may lead to apoptosis via cellular oxidative stress. The effect of TGEV infection on activation of NF-κB, a transcription factor known to be activated by oxidative stress, was examined. NF-κB DNA binding was shown to be strongly and quickly induced by TGEV infection. However, transcription factor decoy experiments showed that NF-κB activation is not critical for TGEV-induced apoptosis.
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Fabbre, Vanessa, and Eleni Gaveras. "THE MANIFESTATION OF MULTI-LEVEL STIGMA IN THE LIVED EXPERIENCES OF TRANSGENDER OLDER ADULTS." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (2019): S743. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.2722.
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Abstract Transgender and gender nonconforming (TGNC) older adults experience disparities in mental health outcomes when compared to non-TGNC sexual minority older adults. Stigmatizing experiences are thought to influence these outcomes, but little is known about this process. Recent conceptualizations of stigma draw attention to multiple levels – individual, interpersonal, and structural – experienced by TGNC people of all ages. To explore how multi-level stigma manifests in the lives of TGNC older adults, we conducted a two-phase qualitative content analysis of in-depth biographical interviews with 88 TGNC adults aged 50 and older, from across the United States. Data were obtained from the photography and interview project To Survive on This Shore. Our interpretive analyses suggest that TGNC older adults’ development and well-being are impacted by multiple levels of stigma, which are dynamic and unpredictable, resulting in constant awareness of a changing social environment. Individual level stigma is experienced as ongoing vigilance about aspects of oneself that break gender norms, which is also marked by self-imposed social isolation and fears about accessing older adult services. At the interpersonal level, TGNC older adults navigate unpredictable interpersonal relationships, which manifest as fluctuating levels of love, acceptance, strain, and exclusion. Structural stigma manifests in the awareness of stigmatizing policies and systems but also in the conscious action of TGNC older adults to resist these structures. TGNC older adults promote supportive structural responses to stigma to both improve conditions for younger generations while also reducing experiences of individual and interpersonal stigma for themselves.
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Huang, Yong, Li Ding, Zhaocai Li, et al. "Transmissible gastroenteritis virus infection induces cell apoptosis via activation of p53 signalling." Journal of General Virology 94, no. 8 (2013): 1807–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.051557-0.
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Transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) infection induced apoptosis in several cell lines in vitro. Our previous studies demonstrated that TGEV could activate FasL- and mitochondria-mediated pathways to induce apoptosis in PK-15 cells. In this study, we investigated the regulation of p53 and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) signalling pathways in the interaction of TGEV with host cells. We observed that TGEV infection decreased p300/CBP, downregulated MDM2 and promoted p53 phosphorylation at serines 15, 20 and 46, resulting in accumulation and activation of p53 in PK-15 cells. TGEV infection induced the transient activation of p38 MAPK in the early phase of inoculation and constant activation in the later phase of infection. However, UV-irradiated TGEV did not promote the activation of p53 and p38 MAPK in the later phase, whereas it only triggered the transient activation of p38 MAPK in the early phase. Blocking of p53 activation significantly inhibited the occurrence of apoptosis through suppressing the TGEV-induced FasL expression, Bcl-2 reduction, Bax and cytochrome c redistribution, while inhibition of p38 activity moderately blocked apoptosis induction and partly attenuated the accumulation and activation of p53. However, inhibition of p38 and p53 activity had no significant effects on viral gene transcription at 12 and 24 h post-infection. Taken together, these results demonstrated that TGEV infection promoted the activation of p38 MAPK and p53 signalling, and p53 signalling might play a dominant role in the regulation of cell apoptosis. These findings provide new insights into the function of p53 and p38 MAPK in the interaction of TGEV with host cells.
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Schwegmann-Wessels, Christel, Gert Zimmer, Bernd Schröder, Gerhard Breves, and Georg Herrler. "Binding of Transmissible Gastroenteritis Coronavirus to Brush Border Membrane Sialoglycoproteins." Journal of Virology 77, no. 21 (2003): 11846–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.77.21.11846-11848.2003.
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ABSTRACT Transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus (TGEV) is a porcine pathogen causing enteric infections that are lethal for suckling piglets. The enterotropism of TGEV is connected with the sialic acid binding activity of the viral surface protein S. Here we show that, among porcine intestinal brush border membrane proteins, TGEV recognizes a mucin-type glycoprotein designated MGP in a sialic acid-dependent fashion. Virus binding assays with cryosections of the small intestine from a suckling piglet revealed the binding of TGEV to mucin-producing goblet cells. A nonenteropathogenic mutant virus that lacked a sialic acid binding activity was unable to bind to MGP and to attach to goblet cells. Our results suggest a role of MGP in the enteropathogenicity of TGEV.
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Liu, Shang-Hao, Cing-Yu Ke, and Chin-Lung Chiang. "Thermal Stability, Smoke Density, and Flame Retardance of Ecotype Bio-Based Flame Retardant Agricultural Waste Bagasse/Epoxy Composites." Polymers 13, no. 17 (2021): 2977. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13172977.
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In the study, agricultural waste bagasse was used as a bio-based flame retardant for reducing the flammability of epoxy. Specifically, an interpenetrating network (IPN) was formed through a ring opening reaction between the hydroxyl functional group of bagasse and the epoxy group of triglycidyl isocyanurate (TGIC), forming Bagasse@TGIC. Next, 9, 10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene 10-oxide (DOPO) was mixed with Bagasse@TGIC, inducing a reaction between the active hydrogen of DOPO and the epoxy group of TGIC, ultimately forming Bagasse@TGIC@DOPO with an IPN structure. Finally, the novel flame retardant was added to epoxy to create a composite. The integral procedural decomposition temperature (IPDT) of pure epoxy is 619 °C; after the introduction of the 30 wt% flame retardant, the IPDT of the resultant composite material increased to 799 °C, greatly increasing the thermal stability by 29%. After the addition of the Bagasse@TGIC@DOPO flame retardant, the limiting oxygen index increased from 21% for the pure epoxy to 29% for the composite, and the UL-94 rating improved from failing rating for the pure epoxy and V-0 rating for the composite. The Raman spectrum indicated that the addition of Bagasse@TGIC@DOPO IPN substantially increased the biochar yield during the burning process, increasing thermal stability. These results confirmed that the epoxy/Bagasse@TGIC@DOPO composite had substantial flame retarding effects.
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Jeżewska, Anna, and Joanna Kowalska. "Determination of Triglycidyl Isocyanurate in Workplace Air." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 22 (2019): 4455. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16224455.
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Triglycidyl isocyanurate (TGIC) is a white solid in powder or granular form. TGIC does not occur naturally in the environment. It is intentionally manufactured and used as a crosslinking agent or hardener to produce polyester powder coatings. TGIC may cause genetic defects. This article presents the method of TGIC determination in workplace air using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a diode-array detector (DAD). The method is based on the collection of TGIC present in the air on a polypropylene filter, extraction with acetonitrile, and chromatographic analysis of the solution obtained in this way. The determination was carried out in the reverse-phase system (mobile phase: acetonitrile: water) using an Ultra C18 column. The measurement range is 2 to 40 µg/m3 for a 720 liters air sample. Limit of detection (LOD) is 23 ng/m3 and limit of quantification (LOQ): 70 ng/m3. The method can be used for assessing occupational exposure to TGIC and associated risk to workers’ health.
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Budge, Stephanie L., Maria Orzechowski, Samantha Schams, et al. "Transgender and Gender Nonconforming Youths’ Emotions: The Appraisal, Valence, Arousal Model." Counseling Psychologist 49, no. 1 (2020): 138–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011000020945051.
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Increased scientific understanding explains why transgender and gender nonconforming (TGNC) youth report more mental health concerns than their cisgender peers. However, the emotional processes of TGNC youth have not been assessed beyond mental health diagnoses. Our aim in this study was to investigate how TGNC youth understand, experience, and label their emotional experiences. We conduced a two-tiered qualitative analysis of 20 predominantly White TGNC youths, ages 7–18 years, resulting in the creation of the appraisal, valence, arousal theory of emotions. Within the theory, emotions are categorized in four quadrants: Reflective/Unpleasant, Anticipatory/Unpleasant, Reflective/Pleasant, and Anticipatory/Pleasant. Results indicated that the majority of TGNC youths’ emotions were located in the Reflective/Unpleasant and Reflective/Pleasant quadrants. The current study highlights TGNC youths’ appraisal of emotions and the potential impact on youths’ cognitive and emotional processes. Interventions should attend to pleasant and unpleasant aspects of emotions while also focusing on youths’ understanding of the context of their emotions.
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Guy, Arryn A., Wren Yoder, Kelly Manser, Stephen D. Ramos, and Steve N. Du Bois. "Comparing the Health of Transgender Women, Transgender Men, and Gender Non-Conforming Individuals Using Population-Level Data." Annals of LGBTQ Public and Population Health 1, no. 1 (2020): 43–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/lgbtq.2019-0002.
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Converging evidence indicates transgender and gender non-conforming (TGNC) individuals generally experience poorer health than their cisgender counterparts. Less is known about TGNC health across gender identity subgroups. Extant work has yielded mixed findings, precluding conclusions regarding the comparative health of transgender women, transgender men, and gender non-conforming individuals. Additionally, this work is limited methodologically, e.g., utilizing convenience samples and operationalizing “transgender” differently across studies. This study aims to improve upon these limitations, and more broadly add to the literature on within-group health differences among TGNC individuals. We used 2016 U.S. population-level data (N = 1,117), conducting MANCOVA (multivariate analysis of covariance) and logistic regression to compare the health of transgender women, transgender men, and GNC individuals. Health outcomes of mental and physical health, substance use, and healthcare access/utilization were selected based on empirical and theoretical support for their relevance to TGNC health. We also completed interaction analyses to test the intersectional effects on health of gender identity and emergent sociodemographic variables, e.g. race/ethnicity. Across TGNC subgroups, individuals reported similar alcohol use, mental health, and healthcare access/utilization. Transgender men reported worse physical health than their counterparts, and GNC individuals reported lower smoking prevalence than their counterparts. Interaction analyses by race/ethnicity indicated Hispanic transgender women reported worse physical health than other Hispanic TGNC individuals, while Black transgender men, Multiracial GNC individuals, and Hispanic transgender women reported worse mental health than some of their intra-racial/ethnic TGNC counterparts. Findings add to the growing literature on TGNC health and highlight TGNC subgroups that may be vulnerable regarding mental and physical health.
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Hsia, An-Ping, Hsin D. Chen, and Patrick S. Schnable. "Temperature Gradient Capillary Electrophoresis (TGCE) Assay." Cold Spring Harbor Protocols 2007, no. 10 (2007): pdb.prot4845. http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/pdb.prot4845.
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Scandurra, Cristiano, Agostino Carbone, Roberto Baiocco, Selene Mezzalira, Nelson Mauro Maldonato, and Vincenzo Bochicchio. "Gender Identity Milestones, Minority Stress and Mental Health in Three Generational Cohorts of Italian Binary and Nonbinary Transgender People." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 17 (2021): 9057. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18179057.
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Transgender and gender nonconforming (TGNC) people experience high rates of minority stress and associated risk for negative health outcomes. However, during the last years, significant positive socio-cultural changes have happened, and younger cohorts of TGNC individuals are having diverse experiences compared to older cohorts. By integrating the minority stress theory and the life course perspective, this cross-sectional, web-based study aimed to explore in 197 Italian TGNC people aged 18 to 54 years (M = 29.82, SD = 9.64) whether the average ages of gender identity milestones (i.e., first insights about being TGNC, self-labeling as a TGNC person, and coming out), minority stress, and mental health vary among three generational cohorts (i.e., Generation Z, Millennials, and Generation X). Compared with older cohorts, younger participants: (a) were more likely to be in the trans-masculine spectrum; (b) self-labeled as TGNC and came out earlier; (c) had more negative expectations and lower levels of disclosure; and (d) had higher levels of mental health problems. No generational differences related to first insights about being TGNC and distal minority stressors were found. Furthermore, compared with binary individuals, participants with a non-binary identity: (a) reported later ages for the gender identity milestones; (b) had higher negative expectations; and (c) had higher levels of mental health problems. Overall, our findings indicated that changes in the social environments have a limited impact on stigmatization processes and mental health of Italian TGNC people.
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TORRES, JUAN M., CARLOS SÁNCHEZ, CARLOS SUÑÉ, et al. "Induction of Antibodies Protecting against Transmissible Gastroenteritis Coronavirus (TGEV) by Recombinant Adenovirus Expressing TGEV Spike Protein." Virology 213, no. 2 (1995): 503–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/viro.1995.0023.
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Escors, David, Ander Izeta, Carmen Capiscol, and Luis Enjuanes. "Transmissible Gastroenteritis Coronavirus Packaging Signal Is Located at the 5′ End of the Virus Genome." Journal of Virology 77, no. 14 (2003): 7890–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.77.14.7890-7902.2003.
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ABSTRACT To locate the transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus (TGEV) packaging signal, the incorporation of TGEV subgenomic mRNAs (sgmRNAs) into virions was first addressed. TGEV virions were purified by three different techniques, including an immunopurification using an M protein-specific monoclonal antibody. Detection of sgmRNAs in virions by specific reverse transcription-PCRs (RT-PCRs) was related to the purity of virus preparations. Interestingly, virus mRNAs were detected in partially purified virus but not in virus immunopurified using stringent conditions. Analyses by quantitative RT-PCR confirmed that virus mRNAs were not present in highly purified preparations. Lack of sgmRNA encapsidation was probably due to the absence of a packaging signal (Ψ) within these mRNAs. This information plus that from the encapsidation of a collection of TGEV-derived minigenomes suggested that Ψ is located at the 5′ end of the genome. To confirm that this was the case, a set of minigenomes was expressed that included an expression cassette for an mRNA including the β-glucuronidase gene (GUS) plus variable sequence fragments from the 5′ end of the virus genome potentially including Ψ. Insertion of the first 649 nucleotides (nt) of the TGEV genome led to the specific encapsidation of the mRNA, indicating that a Ψ was located within this region which was absent from all of the other virus mRNAs. The presence of this packaging signal was further confirmed by showing the expression and rescue of the mRNA including the first 649 nt of the TGEV genome under control of the cytomegalovirus promoter in TGEV-infected cells. This mRNA was successfully amplified and encapsidated, indicating that the first 649 nt of TGEV genome also contained the 5′ cis-acting replication signals. The encapsidation efficiency of this mRNA was about 30-fold higher than the genome encapsidation efficiency, as estimated by quantitative RT-PCR. In contrast, viral mRNAs presented significantly lower encapsidation efficiencies (about 100-fold) than those of the virus genome, strongly suggesting that TGEV mRNAs in fact lacked an alternative TGEV Ψ.
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Foti, Jennifer, and Felipe Grimaldo. "Infected Recurrent Thyroglossal Duct Cyst: A Case Report." Clinical Practice and Cases in Emergency Medicine 4, no. 3 (2020): 411–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5811/cpcem.2020.4.46863.
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Introduction: A thyroglossal duct cyst (TGDC) is a congenital malformation in the neck. Surgical management is often recommended due to risk of recurrent infections and rare possibility of malignancy. Case Report: Herein, we describe the case of an adult presenting with tender neck mass and fever. She had a history of previous surgical excision of her TGDC as a child. On evaluation she was found to have a recurrent TGDC complicated by acute infection via computed tomography imaging. Conclusion: In patients who have had previous surgical intervention to remove a TGDC, recurrence with infection should remain a diagnostic consideration.
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Almazán, Fernando, Carmen Galán, and Luis Enjuanes. "The Nucleoprotein Is Required for Efficient Coronavirus Genome Replication." Journal of Virology 78, no. 22 (2004): 12683–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.78.22.12683-12688.2004.
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ABSTRACT The construction of a set of transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus (TGEV)-derived replicons as bacterial artificial chromosomes is reported. These replicons were generated by sequential deletion of nonessential genes for virus replication, using a modified TGEV full-length cDNA clone containing unique restriction sites between each pair of consecutive genes. Efficient activity of TGEV replicons was associated with the presence of the nucleoprotein provided either in cis or in trans. TGEV replicons were functional in several cell lines, including the human cell line 293T, in which no or very low cytopathic effect was observed, and expressed high amounts of heterologous protein.
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Hutchings, Lian R., and Antonella Pagliarulo. "Temperature Gradient Interaction Chromatography: A Perspective." Chromatographia 84, no. 9 (2021): 813–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10337-021-04068-1.
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AbstractThe application of temperature gradient interaction chromatography (TGIC) as an advanced technique for the characterisation of polymers is discussed, in comparison to other liquid chromatography techniques and in particular the ubiquitous size exclusion chromatography. Specifically, the use of reversed-phase TGIC for the interrogation of complex branched polymers and normal-phase TGIC for characterisation of high-molar mass end-functionalised polymers is highlighted.
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Hassan, Mohammad Jaseem, Safia Rana, Sabina Khan, et al. "An Incidental Primary Papillary Carcinoma Arising in a Thyroglossal Duct Cyst: Report of a Rare Finding." Journal of Laboratory Physicians 8, no. 01 (2016): 062–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0974-2727.176236.
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ABSTRACTThe thyroglossal duct cysts (TGDCs) are the most common congenital anomaly of the thyroid, usually manifested as painless midline neck mass. Malignancy is very rare and is reported in around 1% of cases as an incidental finding after histopathological evaluation of resected cyst. Papillary carcinoma is the most common carcinoma reported in TGDC. Here, we report a case of 17-year-old-female, who presented with a gradually increasing midline neck mass which moves with swallowing. On imaging a diagnosis of infected TGDC was made. The Sistrunk operation was done and a diagnosis of primary papillary carcinoma arising in a TGDC was rendered histopathologically. The contemporary appearance of papillary carcinoma thyroid was reported in about 20% cases of TGDC carcinoma, thus it is essential to differentiate primary papillary carcinoma arising in a TGDC from those of metastatic papillary carcinoma thyroid by strict diagnostic criteria.
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Warren, Allison R., and Ann M. Steffen. "Reactions and Preferences for Training Among Area Agency on Aging Providers Working With Transgender and Gender Nonconforming Older Adults." Journal of Applied Gerontology 39, no. 5 (2019): 545–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0733464819868057.
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Transgender and gender nonconforming (TGNC) older adults face numerous barriers to healthy aging. These older adults may be less likely to seek out aging-focused services due to fear of discrimination and a lack of culturally competent services. There is a dearth of trainings for aging-focused professionals that would contribute to the development of affirming service environments for TGNC older adults. The current study explores providers’ responses to a professional development training made available nationwide to staff and volunteers of area agencies on aging. Participants’ ( N = 155) reflections on what would be most helpful in their future work with TGNC older adults included requests for role-plays, instructions on creating more inclusive agency documents, increased contact with TGNC older adults, and managing discriminatory language in the workplace. Future directions include creating professional development opportunities that incorporate experiences with and exposure to both other aging-focused providers and TGNC elders.
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Decaro, Nicola, Viviana Mari, Marco Campolo, et al. "Recombinant Canine Coronaviruses Related to Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus of Swine Are Circulating in Dogs." Journal of Virology 83, no. 3 (2008): 1532–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.01937-08.
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ABSTRACT Four canine coronavirus type II (CCoV-II) strains were identified in the guts and internal organs of pups which had died of acute gastroenteritis. The CCoV-II strains were strictly related to porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) in the N-terminal domain of the spike protein, whereas in the other parts of the genome, a higher genetic relatedness to recent CCoV-II isolates was observed. Experimental infection of dogs with a TGEV-like isolate induced mild gastroenteritis without any systemic involvement. By virus neutralization tests, antigenic differences between reference and TGEV-like CCoVs were found. Our data support the potential recombinant origin of the TGEV-like CCoVs.
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Wood, C. Burton, Jo-Lawrence Bigcas, Ibrahim Alava, Lindsay Bischoff, Alexander Langerman, and Young Kim. "Papillary-Type Carcinoma of the Thyroglossal Duct Cyst: The Case for Conservative Management." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 127, no. 10 (2018): 710–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003489418791892.
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Objectives: Thyroglossal duct cyst (TGDC) is the most common congenital neck mass, presenting in up to 7% of the population. TGDC carcinoma is much less common, occurring in roughly 1% of patients diagnosed with TGDC. The vast majority of these tumors are papillary-type thyroid cancer. Given its rarity, there is wide variation in management recommendations for this disease. Extent of surgical management and need for adjuvant therapy including radioactive iodine ablation (RAI) are particularly debated, with some authors arguing aggressive therapy including RAI for any patients who undergo concurrent thyroidectomy with the Sistrunk procedure for TGDC carcinoma. We present a series of patients treated for TGDC carcinoma at our institutions and discuss our management algorithm. Methods: This is a retrospective chart review of patients with TGDC treated at 2 separate institutions. Factors reviewed included patient age, sex, preoperative diagnosis, preoperative work-up, extent of therapy, and use of adjuvant therapy. Results: Six patients who were treated for TGDC carcinoma at our institutions were identified. One patient was excluded because the patient had been treated at an outside facility prior to referral. All patients had papillary-type thyroid cancer. One patient underwent the Sistrunk procedure alone, and the remaining 4 underwent the Sistrunk procedure plus total thyroidectomy. Two of 4 patients were noted to have malignancy in the thyroid. Two of 4 patients who underwent thyroidectomy additionally received adjuvant RAI. Conclusion: Thyroglossal duct cyst carcinoma is uncommon and management is controversial. In low-risk patients (single tumor focus, negative margins, normal preoperative neck/thyroid imaging, no extension of TGDC carcinoma beyond the cyst wall), the Sistrunk procedure alone with observation of the thyroid may be sufficient. In this patient population, RAI is unlikely to be of any substantial benefit.
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Lin, Chun-Ming, Xiang Gao, Tomoichiro Oka, et al. "Antigenic Relationships among Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus and Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus Strains." Journal of Virology 89, no. 6 (2015): 3332–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.03196-14.
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ABSTRACTPorcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) and transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) are economically important swine enteropathogenic coronaviruses. These two viruses belong to two distinct species of theAlphacoronavirusgenus withinCoronaviridaeand induce similar clinical signs and pathological lesions in newborn piglets, but they are presumed to be antigenically distinct. In the present study, two-way antigenic cross-reactivity examinations between the prototype PEDV CV777 strain, three distinct U.S. PEDV strains (the original highly virulent PC22A, S indel Iowa106, and S 197del PC177), and two representative U.S. TGEV strains (Miller and Purdue) were conducted by cell culture immunofluorescent (CCIF) and viral neutralization (VN) assays. None of the pig TGEV antisera neutralized PEDV and vice versa. One-way cross-reactions were observed by CCIF between TGEV Miller hyperimmune pig antisera and all PEDV strains. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, immunoblotting using monoclonal antibodies andEscherichia coli-expressed recombinant PEDV and TGEV nucleocapsid (N) proteins, and sequence analysis suggested at least one epitope on the N-terminal region of PEDV/TGEV N protein that contributed to this cross-reactivity. Biologically, PEDV strain CV777 induced greater cell fusion in Vero cells than did U.S. PEDV strains. Consistent with the reported genetic differences, the results of CCIF and VN assays also revealed higher antigenic variation between PEDV CV777 and U.S. strains.IMPORTANCEEvidence of antigenic cross-reactivity between porcine enteric coronaviruses, PEDV and TGEV, in CCIF assays supports the idea that these two species are evolutionarily related, but they are distinct species defined by VN assays. Identification of PEDV- or TGEV-specific antigenic regions allows the development of more specific immunoassays for each virus. Antigenic and biologic variations between the prototype and current PEDV strains could explain, at least partially, the recurrence of PEDV epidemics. Information on the conserved antigenicity among PEDV strains is important for the development of PEDV vaccines to protect swine from current highly virulent PEDV infections.
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Cotae, Paul, and Matt Aguirre. "Method for Minimizing Total Generalized Squared Correlation of Synchronous DS-CDMA Signature Sequence Sets in Multipath Channels." Journal of Communications Software and Systems 2, no. 1 (2017): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.24138/jcomss.v2i1.302.
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We characterize the Total Generalized Squared Correlation (TGSC) for a given signature sequence set used in uplink synchronous code division multiple access (S-CDMA) when channel state information is known perfectly at bothtransmitter and receiver. We give a definition of the TGSC based on the eigenvalues of Gram matrix associated to signature sequences set for multipath channels in the presence of the colored noise. Total Squared Correlation (TSC) and Total Weighted Squared Correlation (TWSC) measures are particular cases of TGSC. We present a method for minimizing TGSC (TSC, TWSC) in multipath channels and in the presence of the colored noise. Numerical results for overloaded synchronous CDMA systems are presented in order to support our analysis.
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Bestagno, Marco, Isabel Sola, Eliana Dallegno, et al. "Recombinant dimeric small immunoproteins neutralize transmissible gastroenteritis virus infectivity efficiently in vitro and confer passive immunity in vivo." Journal of General Virology 88, no. 1 (2007): 187–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.82192-0.
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Small immunoproteins (SIPs) are single-chain molecules comprising the variable regions of an antibody assembled in a single polypeptide (scFv) and joined to the immunoglobulin heavy-chain dimerizing domain. To investigate the potential of these molecules to provide protection against enteric infections when supplied orally, SIPs were generated against Transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), a highly pathogenic porcine virus. Different variants of TGEV-specific SIPs were created, of ε and α isotypes, by exploiting the dimerizing domains εCH4 and αCH3 of human and swine origin. Transfected cells secreted these recombinant mini-antibodies efficiently, mainly as dimers stabilized covalently by inter-chain disulphide bridges. The specificity and functionality of the recombinant TGEV-specific SIPs were determined by in vitro binding, neutralization and infection-interference assays. The neutralization indices of the TGEV-specific SIPs were all very similar to that of the original TGEV-specific mAb, thus confirming that the immunological properties have been preserved in the recombinant SIPs. In vivo protection experiments on newborn piglets have, in addition, demonstrated a strong reduction of virus titre in infected tissues of animals treated orally with TGEV-specific SIPs. It has therefore been demonstrated that it is possible to confer passive immunization to newborn pigs by feeding them with recombinant SIPs.
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Hu, Xiaoliang, Jin Tian, Hongtao Kang та ін. "Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus Papain-Like Protease 1 Antagonizes Production of Interferon-βthrough Its Deubiquitinase Activity". BioMed Research International 2017 (2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/7089091.
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Coronaviruses (CoVs), such as human coronavirus NL63 (HCoV-NL63), severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV (SARS-CoV), murine hepatitis virus (MHV), porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV), encode papain-like (PL) proteases that inhibit Sendai virus- (SeV-) induced interferon (IFN-β) production. Recently, the crystal structure of transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) PL1 has been solved, which was similar to that of SARS-CoVPL2pro, which may antagonize host innate immunity. However, very little is known about whether TGEV PL1 can antagonize host innate immune response. Here, we presented evidence that TGEV PL1 encoded by the replicase gene could suppress the IFN-βexpression and inhibit the nuclear translocation of interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3). The ability to antagonize IFN-βproduction was dependent on the intact catalytic activity of PL1. Furthermore, TGEV PL1 exerted deubiquitinase (DUB) activity which strongly inhibited the retinoic acid-induced gene I- (RIG-1-) and stimulator of interferon gene- (STING-) dependent IFN expression. Our data collectively suggest that TGEV PL1 can inhibit the IFN-βexpression and interfere with RIG-1- and STING-mediated signaling through a viral DUB activity. Our study has yielded strong evidence for the TGEV PL1 mechanisms that counteract the host innate immunity.
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Howard, John A. "Commercialization of plant-based vaccines from research and development to manufacturing." Animal Health Research Reviews 5, no. 2 (2004): 243–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/ahr200476.
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AbstractThe benefits of using plant-based oral vaccines are discussed. Transgenic maize expressing an antigen of transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) is reported as a model to demonstrate efficacy. Young pigs that were fed the TGEV corn orally were protected against challenge with virulent TGEV. Additional parameters important in providing a reliable and consistent supply of plant-based vaccines are discussed. Finally, vaccines developed in maize are evaluated for their potential to contaminate either the food supply or the environment.
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Yang, Dingquan, Jingwen Zheng, Yuming Zhang, Yueli Jin, Chaonan Gan, and Yanping Bai. "Total Glucosides of Paeony Capsule Plus Compound Glycyrrhizin Tablets for the Treatment of Severe Alopecia Areata in Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2013 (2013): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/378219.
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Total glucosides of paeony capsule (TGPC) and compound glycyrrhizin tablets (CGT) are plant extracts of glycosides. We conducted this study to examine the efficacy and safety of TGPC plus CGT for severe alopecia areata in children. 117 subjects were randomly allocated into TGPC plus CGT group or CGT group. For consecutive 12 months, subjects were given oral TGPC and CGT or oral CGT alone. The outcome measures included score of alopecia areata severity, effective rate, and adverse events observed in the 3rd, 6th, and 12th month. We found that the scores of alopecia areata severity of both groups were significantly reduced, and the scores of treatment group were lower than those of control group; for effective rate, there was no statistical difference between the two groups in the 3rd month, while in the 6th and 12th months the treatment group was superior compared with control group; the incidence rate of adverse events between the two groups was not statistically different, and no severe adverse events were observed. In conclusion, TGPC plus CGT appears effective and safe for severe alopecia areata in children.
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Wesley, Ronald D., William L. Mengeling, and Kelly M. Lager. "Prior Infection of Nursery-Age Pigs with Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Does not Affect the Outcome of Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus Challenge." Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 10, no. 3 (1998): 221–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104063879801000301.
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Thirty-six specific-pathogen-free pigs were weaned at 2 weeks of age and separated into 4 treatment groups (A—D, 9 pigs/group). Treatment groups B and D were infected with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), whereas groups A and C remained uninfected. Two weeks later, 1 pig from each group was necropsied to assess gross lung involvement, and then the remaining group D PRRSV-infected pigs and the group C uninfected pigs were challenged at 4 weeks of age with transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) to determine if prior infection with PRRSV increased the severity of TGEV disease after challenge. One hundred percent morbidity but no mortality occurred in pigs following challenge. Clinically, pigs of both groups C and D were similar in terms of onset and severity of diarrhea. The serum antibody response to TGEV and the amount and duration of TGEV shedding after challenge was similar for both groups. Only a few pigs in each group had a transient fever postchallenge, and both group C and group D pigs began to recover and to gain weight at or near the end of the first week postchallenge. It was concluded that the clinical course of TGEV disease was not markedly affected by infection of pigs with TGEV 2 weeks after they had been infected with PRRSV.
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Lemke, Jillian, Kristine Vichinsky, and Chris Corbin. "A-11 The Neuropsychological Impact of Gender Affirming Treatments: A Systematic Review." Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 36, no. 6 (2021): 1033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acab062.12.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Objective Currently, there is strong evidence to demonstrate neuroanatomical changes in transgender and gender non-conforming (TGNC) adults following gender-affirming hormonal therapy (GHT). However, there has been no systematic review of the literature pertaining to GHTs’ neuronal effects. Such a review would help develop consensus within neuropsychology regarding standards of assessment with TGNC individuals. Data Selection Studies were only included if they assessed neuropsychological or neuroanatomical brain structure changes or functioning following GHT in the TGNC population. Search terms such as “neuropsychology” and “transgender” were entered in Medline, PsychINFO, and ProQuest. The 24 qualifying studies’ methodological and outcome data were critically reviewed by both researchers to reduce bias. Data Synthesis Neuroanatomical changes within the subcortical structures are found in TGNC individuals who received GHT over a longer duration. Current guidelines and recommendations do not consider the age of transition, dosage, and duration of GHT when interpreting neurocognitive data of TGNC patients; thus, it can lead to validity issues when selecting appropriate norms and interpreting neurocognitive domains with expected sex differences (i.e., visual, verbal, motor). Conclusion The literature review results indicate a paucity of guidelines and analysis related to the ethical practice of neuropsychological evaluation for TGNC individuals. Moving forward, guidelines need to be developed surrounding the age of transition, dosage, and duration of GHT when interpreting brain-behavior relationships on neuropsychological assessments.
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Kulkarni, G., S. Dobbie, and J. B. McQuaid. "A new thermal gradient ice nucleation diffusion chamber instrument: design, development and first results using Saharan mineral dust." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 2, no. 1 (2009): 221–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-2-221-2009.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. A new Thermal Gradient ice nucleation Diffusion Chamber (TGDC) capable of investigating ice nucleation efficiency of atmospherically important aerosols, termed Ice Nuclei (IN), has been designed, constructed and validated. The TGDC can produce a range of supersaturations with respect to ice (SSi) over the temperature range of −10 to −34°C for sufficiently long time needed to observe the ice nucleation by the particles. The novel aspect of this new TGDC is that the chamber is run in static mode with aerosol particles supported on a Teflon substrate, which can be raised and lowered in a controlled way through the SSi profile within the chamber, and nucleation events are directly observed using digital photography. The TGDC consists of two ice coated plates to which a thermal gradient is applied to produce the range of SSi. The design of the TGDC gives the ability to understand time-related ice nucleation event information and to perform experiments at different temperatures and SSi conditions for different IN without changing the thermal gradient within the TGDC. The temperature and SSi conditions of the experimental system are validated by observing (NH4)2SO4 deliquescence and the results are in good agreement with the literature data. First results are presented of the onset ice nucleation for mineral dust sampled from the Saharan Desert, including images of nucleation and statistical distributions of onset ice nucleation SSi as a function of temperature. This paper illustrates how useful this new TGDC is for process level studies of ice nucleation and more experimental investigations are needed to better quantify the role of ice formation in the atmosphere.
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Kulkarni, G., S. Dobbie, and J. McQuaid. "A new thermal gradient ice nucleation diffusion chamber instrument: design, development and first results using Saharan mineral dust." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions 2, no. 1 (2009): 153–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amtd-2-153-2009.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. A new Thermal Gradient ice nucleation Diffusion Chamber (TGDC) capable of investigating ice nucleation efficiency of atmospherically important aerosols, termed Ice Nuclei (IN), has been designed, constructed and validated. The TGDC can produce a range of supersaturations with respect to ice (SSi) over the temperature range of −10 to −34°C for sufficiently long time needed to observe the ice nucleation by the aerosol particles. The novel aspect of this new TGDC is that the chamber is run in static mode with aerosol particles supported on a Teflon substrate, which can be raised and lowered in a controlled way through the SSi profile within the chamber, and nucleation events are directly observed using digital photography. The TGDC consists of two ice coated plates to which a thermal gradient is applied to produce the range of SSi. The design of the TGDC gives the ability to understand time-related ice nucleation event information and to perform experiments at different temperatures and SSi conditions for different IN without changing the thermal gradient within the TGDC. The temperature and SSi conditions of the experimental system are validated by observing (NH4)2SO4 deliquescence and the results are in good agreement with the literature data. First results are presented of the onset ice nucleation for mineral dust sampled from the Saharan Desert, including images of nucleation and statistical distributions of onset ice nucleation SSi as a function of temperature. This paper illustrates how useful this new TGDC is for process level studies of ice nucleation and more experimental investigations are needed to better quantify the role of ice formation in the atmosphere.