Relevant bibliographies by topics / TGN

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Academic literature on the topic 'TGN'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 18 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "TGN"

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&NA;. "TGN 1412." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 1115 (2006): 20–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-200611150-00068.

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Wagner, M., A. K. Rajasekaran, D. K. Hanzel, S. Mayor, and E. Rodriguez-Boulan. "Brefeldin A causes structural and functional alterations of the trans-Golgi network of MDCK cells." Journal of Cell Science 107, no. 4 (1994): 933–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.107.4.933.

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The trans-Golgi network (TGN) of MDCK cells is exquisitely sensitive to the fungal metabolite brefeldin A (BFA), in contrast to the refractory Golgi stack of these cells. At a concentration of 1 microgram/ml, BFA promoted extensive tubulation of the TGN while the medical Golgi marker alpha-mannosidase II was not affected. Tubules emerging minutes after addition of the drug contained both the apical marker influenza hemagglutinin (HA), previously accumulated at 20 degrees C, and the fusion protein interleukin receptor/TGN38 (TGG), a TGN marker that recycles basolaterally, indicating that, in contrast to TGN vesicles, TGN-derived tubules cannot sort apical and basolateral proteins. After 60 minutes treatment with BFA, HA and TGG tubules formed extensive networks widely spread throughout the cell, different from the focused centrosomal localization previously described in non-polarized cells. The TGG network partially codistributed with an early endosomal tubular network loaded with transferrin, suggesting that the TGG and endosomal networks had fused or that TGG had entered the endosomal network via surface recycling and endocytosis. The extensive structural alterations of the TGN were accompanied by functional disruptions, such as the extensive mis-sorting of influenza HA, and by the release of the TGN marker gamma-adaptin. Our results suggest the involvement of BFA-sensitive adaptor proteins in TGN-->surface transport.
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Ruberti, Maristela, Luis Gustavo Romani Fernandes, Patricia Ucelli Simioni, Dirce Lima Gabriel, Áureo Tatsumi Yamada, and Wirla Maria da Silva Cunha Tamashiro. "Phenotypical and Functional Analysis of Intraepithelial Lymphocytes from Small Intestine of Mice in Oral Tolerance." Clinical and Developmental Immunology 2012 (2012): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/208054.

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In this work, we evaluated the effects of administration of OVA on phenotype and function of intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) from small intestine of transgenic (TGN) DO11.10 and wild-type BALB/c mice. While the small intestines from BALB/c presented a well preserved structure, those from TGN showed an inflamed aspect. The ingestion of OVA induced a reduction in the number of IELs in small intestines of TGN, but it did not change the frequencies of CD8+and CD4+T-cell subsets. Administration of OVA via oral + ip increased the frequency of CD103+cells in CD4+T-cell subset in IELs of both BALB/c and TGN mice and elevated its expression in CD8β+T-cell subset in IELs of TGN. The frequency of Foxp3+cells increased in all subsets in IELs of BALB/c treated with OVA; in IELs of TGN, it increased only in CD25+subset. IELs from BALB/c tolerant mice had lower expression of all cytokines studied, whereas those from TGN showed high expression of inflammatory cytokines, especially of IFN-γ, TGF-β, and TNF-α. Overall, our results suggest that the inability of TGN to become tolerant may be related to disorganization and altered proportions of inflammatory/regulatory T cells in its intestinal mucosa.
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Zakrzewska, J. "S3. Mechanisms of TGN." European Journal of Pain Supplements 4, S1 (2010): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1754-3207(10)70054-7.

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&NA;. "TGN 1412: learning from adversity." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 1095 (2006): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-200610950-00007.

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&NA;. "TGN 1412: learning from adversity." Inpharma Weekly &NA;, no. 1531 (2006): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128413-200615310-00005.

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Ju, Hee Young, Ji Won Lee, Hee Won Cho, et al. "DNA-thioguanine nucleotide as a treatment marker in acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients with NUDT15 variant genotypes." PLOS ONE 16, no. 1 (2021): e0245667. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0245667.

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Background Large inter-individual variations in drug metabolism pose a challenge in determining 6-mercaptopurine (6MP) doses. As the last product of 6MP metabolism, DNA-thioguanine nucleotide (DNA-TGN) could reflect the efficacy of 6MP, especially in patients harboring variants in the 6MP metabolism pathway. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical significance of DNA-TGN monitoring in Korean pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients, focusing on the NUDT15 genotype. Methods The subjects of this study were patients who underwent ALL treatment with 6MP. Tests for the NUDT15 and TPMT genotypes were performed, and prospective DNA-TGN and erythrocyte TGN samples were collected after two weeks or more of 6MP treatment. DNA-TGN was quantified using the liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method. Results A total of 471 DNA-TGN measurements in 71 patients were analyzed, which ranged from 1.0 to 903.1 fmol thioguanine/μg DNA. The 6MP intensity demonstrated a significant relationship with DNA-TGN concentration (P<0.001). Patients harboring NUDT15 variants were treated with a lower dose of 6MP (P<0.001); however, there was no significant difference in DNA-TGN concentration when compared to patients carrying wild-type NUDT15 (P = 0.261). These patients also presented higher variation in DNA-TGN levels (P = 0.002) and DNA-TGN/6MP intensity (P = 0.019) compared to patients carrying wild-type NUDT15. DNA-TGN concentration did not show a significant correlation with WBC count (P = 0.093). Conclusions Patients harboring NUDT15 variants demonstrated similar DNA-TGN concentrations even at low doses of 6MP and showed high variability in DNA-TGN. Particularly in patients with NUDT15 variants who need a reduced 6MP dose, DNA-TGN could be applied as a useful marker to monitor the therapeutic effect of 6MP.
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Bąk-Drabik, Katarzyna, Piotr Adamczyk, Justyna Duda-Wrońska, Dominika Dąbrowska-Piechota, Anna Jarzumbek, and Jarosław Kwiecień. "Usefulness of Measuring Thiopurine Metabolites in Children with Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Autoimmunological Hepatitis, Treated with Azathioprine." Gastroenterology Research and Practice 2021 (June 17, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9970019.

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Introduction. Thiopurines, such as azathioprine (AZA) and 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP), are immunomodulatory agents, used for the maintenance of remission in children with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)—Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), as well as with autoimmunological hepatitis (AIH). Measurements of thiopurine metabolites may allow identifying patients at risk for toxicity and nonadherence. It can also provide an explanation for the ineffectiveness of the treatment, observed in some patients. Patients and Methods. A retrospective analysis was carried out of sixty-eight patients (thirty-six patients with CD, eighteen with UC, and fourteen with AIH), treated with AZA. Thiopurine metabolites, 6-thioguanine nucleotide (6-TGN) and 6-methylmercaptopurine (6-MMP), were assayed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and the AZA dose was adjusted when 6-TGN concentration was known. Result. Only twenty-five (41%) children had therapeutic 6-TGN concentrations, ten (16%) subjects had suboptimal 6-TGN concentrations, and twenty-six subjects (43%) had 6-TGN concentrations above the recommended therapeutic range. 6-MMP was not above the therapeutic range in any case. Seven subjects revealed undetectable 6-TGN and 6-MMP levels, indicating nonadherence. The mean AZA dose after the 6-TGN concentration-related adjustment did not differ, in comparison to the initial dose, either in IBD or AIH groups. The mean AZA dose was lower in AIH than in IBD. The subjects with an optimal 6-TGN level presented with a higher ratio of remission (88%) than the under- or overdosed patients (60% and 69%), respectively ( Chi − square test = 3.87 , p < 0.05 ). Conclusion. Timely measurements of thiopurine metabolites can be a useful tool to identify nonadherent patients before a decision is taken to switch to another drug. We may also spot the patients who receive either too low or too high doses, compensating dose deviations in an appropriate way. The patients with optimal 6-TGN levels presented a higher percentage of remission than the under- or overdosed patients. In most patients, both initial and adjusted AZA doses, lower than suggested in guidelines, appeared to be sufficient to maintain remission.
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Rajasekaran, A. K., J. S. Humphrey, M. Wagner, et al. "TGN38 recycles basolaterally in polarized Madin-Darby canine kidney cells." Molecular Biology of the Cell 5, no. 10 (1994): 1093–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.5.10.1093.

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Sorting of newly synthesized plasma membrane proteins to the apical or basolateral surface domains of polarized cells is currently thought to take place within the trans-Golgi network (TGN). To explore the relationship between protein localization to the TGN and sorting to the plasma membrane in polarized epithelial cells, we have expressed constructs encoding the TGN marker, TGN38, in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells. We report that TGN38 is predominantly localized to the TGN of these cells and recycles via the basolateral membrane. Analyses of the distribution of Tac-TGN38 chimeric proteins in MDCK cells suggest that the cytoplasmic domain of TGN38 has information leading to both TGN localization and cycling through the basolateral surface. Mutations of the cytoplasmic domain that disrupt TGN localization also lead to nonpolarized delivery of the chimeric proteins to both surface domains. These results demonstrate an apparent equivalence of basolateral and TGN localization determinants and support an evolutionary relationship between TGN and plasma membrane sorting processes.
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Humphrey, J. S., P. J. Peters, L. C. Yuan, and J. S. Bonifacino. "Localization of TGN38 to the trans-Golgi network: involvement of a cytoplasmic tyrosine-containing sequence." Journal of Cell Biology 120, no. 5 (1993): 1123–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.120.5.1123.

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Protein localization to the TGN was investigated by examining the subcellular distribution of chimeric proteins in which the cytoplasmic and/or transmembrane domains of the TGN protein, TGN38, were substituted for the analogous domains of the plasma membrane protein, Tac. Using immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy, the COOH-terminal cytoplasmic domain of TGN38 was found to be sufficient for localization of the chimeric proteins to the TGN. Deletion analysis identified an 11-amino acid segment containing the critical sequence, YQRL, as being sufficient for TGN localization. TGN localization was abrogated by mutation of the tyrosine or leucine residues in this sequence to alanine, or of the arginine residue to aspartate. In addition to specifying TGN localization, the 11-amino acid segment was active as an internalization signal, although the property of internalization alone was insufficient to confer TGN localization. Overexpression of chimeric proteins containing TGN localization determinants resulted in their detection at the plasma membrane and in intracellular vesicles, and abolished detection of endogenous TGN38. These results suggest that discrete cytoplasmic determinants can mediate protein localization to the TGN, and reveal a novel role for tyrosine-based motifs in this process.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "TGN"

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Cook, N. R. "Reconstitution of TGN to endosome transport in vitro." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.597930.

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The trans-Golgi network (TGN) is one of the major intracellular membrane sorting stations in the cell. Here a number of specific proteins are segregated from the pathway of constitutive secretion and transported to a variety of membrane bound organelles. It is thought that newly synthesised lysosomal components are sorted here for delivery to the endocytic pathway. Examples of such proteins are a number of highly glycosylated integral membrane proteins enriched in the limiting membrane of lysosomes. The majority of these proteins are believed to reach this compartment by direct transport from the TGN to endosomes without prior delivery to the cell surface. However the precise membrane trafficking events and the molecular machinery governing this process are currently poorly understood. To get new insight into transport from the TGN to endosomes I focused upon the integral membrane protein lysosomal glycoprotein 120 (lsp120). Tyrosine sulphation has been used in a number of previous studies to specifically label proteins in the TGN. Thus to more closely define the trafficking of lgp120 I created chimeras of this protein incorporating potential tyrosine sulphation motifs and introduced a lumenally oriented modified chicken avidin molecule to enable collection of the synthetic protein in endosomes. Stable expression of this chimera in HeLa cells demonstrated that it was efficiently delivered to lysosomes and this was mediated by the tyrosine based signal in its cytoplasmic tail. The chimera could be specifically labelled with radioactive sulphate and bound biotin with high affinity. This formed the basis of novel assays to measure transport from the TGN to endosomes both in the intact cell and <i>in vitro. </i>In each instance delivery to endosomes was determined by binding of the sulphated chimera to internalised biotinylated immunoglobulin in sealed membrane bound compartments. This new approach indicated that newly synthesised lysosomal membrane proteins are delivered directly to early endosomes.
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Wilde, Andrew Rhys. "Epitope mapping and structural studies on TGN 38/41." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.386177.

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Lasić, Maja. "The yeast endosomal/TGN-localized Ysl2p-Arl1p-Neo1p network: search for novel interaction partners." [S.l. : s.n.], 2008. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:93-opus-34910.

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Hebbar, Anil Madhava. "Empirical Approch For Rate Selection In MIMO OFDM." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30855.

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Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is fast gaining ground as a preferred modulation technique for short range wireless data application such as 802.11a/g, 802.15.3a and 802.16. Recently, use of multiple transmit and receive antenna for improving spectral efficiency in a wireless system has received much interest. IEEE 802.11 has set up the Work Group 802.11n to develop a standard for enhanced rate 802.11 based on OFDM using Multi Input/Multiple Output (MIMO) techniques. The most dominant proposal is the use of singular value decomposition based MIMO methods to achieve the high data rate. The selection of modulation and coding rates plays a significant role in the overall throughput of the system, more so in cases where the traffic between the transmitter and the receiver consists of short bursts and the user location is not fixed. The performance of a given modulation and coding technique depends on the channel condition. Closed form or bounding solutions exists for various modulation and coding techniques. But these techniques are not suitable for real time application where the channel is dynamic. The approach taken in this thesis is to decouple frequency selective MIMO OFDM channel into orthogonal spatial and frequency domains channels using Fast Fourier Transforms and Singular Value Decomposition. The channels can be viewed as parallel flat fading channels for which the expected BER rate can be computed. A SNR-BER table is used to efficiently compute the performance efficiently. An effective SNR is computed using the table and compared with rate threshold to select a suitable rate. Improvements of 15 dB and above are shown the link budget while using a four transmit four receive MIMO system. Proposed 802.11n TGn Sync physical layer standard is used to evaluate the performance. The performance in case of one of the systems being a legacy 802.11a/g nodes is also looked into. Gains up to 7 dB are shown in the link budget.<br>Master of Science
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Vikingsson, Svante. "Development of new methodology for therapeutic drug monitoringof thiopurine treatment." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Klinisk farmakologi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-84626.

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The three thiopurine drugs azathioprine (AZA), 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) and 6-thioguanine (6-TG) are used to treat several diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). They are pro-drugs and are believed to act through the formation of thioguanine nucleotides (TGNs). Other important metabolites are the methylthioinosine nucleotides (meTINs). These metabolites are active in the white blood cells (WBCs).Most patients respond well to the thiopurine drugs but up to a third have to modify or discontinue their treatment due to adverse events or a lack of therapeutic effects. This could be caused by inter-patient variability in the metabolism of the drugs. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of thiopurine nucleotides in red blood cells (RBCs) is used to guide treatment. Current routine assays measure the nucleotides after hydrolysation to nucleic bases and are therefore unable to distinguish between mono-, di-, and triphosphates. Recently it was shown that these assays failed to predict the clinical outcome in about 40% of the patients. It has been suggested that measuring thioguanosine triphosphate (TGTP) (believed to be the most active of the TGNs) separately might increase the clinical value.An assay suitable for measuring thioguanosine mono- (TGMP) and diphosphate (TGDP) and TGTP, as well as methylthioinosine mono- (meTIMP), di- (meTIDP) and triphosphate (meTITP) separately in RBCs in clinical samples has been developed. In clinical studies of 82 IBD patients, we found no correlation between the thiopurine dose and metabolite levels in RBCs, thus illustrating the importance of metabolite measurements in the TDM of thiopurines.The TGN peak measured by the routine assay during TDM of patients treated with thiopurines consisted of TGTP and TGDP with a small contribution from TGMP. The meTIN also consisted of mono-, di- and triphosphates, but in different proportions, indicating differences in the formation. The inter-individual differences in nucleotide distribution were very small and a strong correlation between the different nucleotides and their respective sums was observed. As a consequence, measuring the mono-, di- and triphosphates separately was not beneficial in predicting remission, which was confirmed by the results from the clinical study.Further research into the metabolism and mode of action of thiopurine drugs is needed to understand the inter-patient variability in response and metabolite formation. An assay suitable for such studies, measuring TGNs and meTINs in cultured cells, has also been developed.
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Brodeur, Julie. "LRP10 (LDL-related protein 10), un nouveau régulateur du trafic et du clivage de la protéine APP (amyloid precursor protein), est réduit dans la maladie d'Alzheimer." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/5554.

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La maladie d'Alzheimer (MA) est une maladie neurodégénérative progressive et irréversible. Une étape précoce de la MA est la relâche neuronale excessive du peptide amyloïde-[bêta] (A[bêta]), qui s'accumule dans le cerveau, s'assemble et se dépose sous forme de plaques A[bêta] insolubles et neurotoxiques. L'A[bêta] est produit suite au clivage amyloïdogénique de la protéine APP, effectué par les sécrétases [bêta] et [gamma] au niveau des endosomes. Il est bien connu que le trafic intracellulaire de l'APP affecte son clivage. L'étude du trafic intracellulaire de cette protéine est donc cruciale pour comprendre ce qui régit la production d'A[bêta]. Certains membres de la famille des récepteurs de lipoprotéines de faibles densités (LDLR), dont SorLA/LR11, interagissent avec l'APP et modulent son clivage en régulant son trafic et/ou en s'associant avec les sécrétases. LRP10, un nouveau membre peu connu des LDLR, trafique entre le Golgi et les endosomes, tout comme SorLA/LR11. Conséquemment, nous avons émis l'hypothèse selon laquelle LRP10 serait un nouveau récepteur de la protéine APP, impliqué dans la régulation du trafic et du clivage de cette dernière ainsi que dans la relâche d'A[bêta]. Nos résultats démontrent que LRP10 et la protéine APP colocalisent au TGN (trans-Golgi network ) et interagissent de façon directe.La surexpression stable de LRP10 dans les cellules de neuroblastome humain SH-SY5Y, provoque une accumulation de la forme mature de l'APP, ainsi qu'une diminution de son clivage et de la production d'A[bêta].La déplétion de LRP10, par la technique d'ARN interférant, provoque l'augmentation de la production d'A[bêta]. De plus, l'expression d'un mutant de LRP10, redistribué aux endosomes précoces, induit la redistribution intracellulaire de l'APP au niveau de ces mêmes endosomes dans les cellules HeLa et SH-SY5Y, tel qu'observé en microscopie confocale.La surexpression stable du mutant de LRP10 dans les SH-SY5Y a aussi démontré une augmentation du clivage amyloïdogénique de l'APP normalement effectué aux endosomes et donc une augmentation de la production d'A[bêta]. Enfin, la comparaison des niveaux d'expression protéique de LRP10 retrouvés dans le cortex frontal et l'hippocampe de cerveaux de patients âgés sains ou atteints de la MA, révèle que l'expression de LRP10 est réduit dans le cerveau des patients atteints de la MA. En conclusion, LRP10 est un nouveau récepteur de l'APP participant à son triage entre le TGN et les endosomes, protégeant ainsi l'APP du clivage amyloïdogénique et de l'accumulation d'A[bêta]. Ainsi, la réduction de l'expression de LRP10 dans le cerveau pourrait augmenter la production de l'A[bêta] et représenter un facteur de risque dans la MA.
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Casas, Prat María. "CPT1C-dependent regulation of GluA1 trafficking under metabolic stress." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/668107.

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Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1C (CPT1C) is the brain-specific isoform of the CPT1 family which is located at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of neurons and exhibits low catalytic activity, but still maintains the capacity to bind the metabolic intermediary malonyl-CoA (which levels highly fluctuate depending on the energetic status). CPT1C controls spine maturation and spatial learning, mainly through regulating synthesis and trafficking of the major AMPA receptor (AMPAR) subunit: GluA1. AMPARs mediate fast excitatory neurotransmission in the brain, and play a key role in synaptic plasticity. Some authors proposed CPT1C as a malonyl-CoA sensor, though whether this sensing is involved in AMPAR trafficking remains unknown. In the current PhD project, GluA1 surface expression was examined in cortical neurons under different metabolic stresses known to affect intracellular malonyl-CoA levels, such as glucose starvation. Moreover, CPT1C is known to interact with the phosphatidyl-inositol-4-phosphate (PI(4)P) phosphatase SAC1, which regulates vesicular transport, including GluA1 transport, by modulating the PI(4)P pool at the trans Golgi network (TGN). For that, the putative role of CPT1C in regulating SAC1 functionality under energetic stress was also evaluated. The results obtained in this thesis demonstrate that CPT1C is able to sense malonyl-CoA and consequently modulate GluA1 trafficking through SAC1. Under basal conditions, CPT1C downregulated SAC1 activity, which was necessary for proper GluA1 trafficking. Under low malonyl-CoA levels, CPT1C favored SAC1 translocation to the ER-TGN contact sites and released its inhibition on SAC1, which decreased the Golgi PI(4)P pool and caused the retention of GluA1 at TGN. This PhD study reveals that GluA1 trafficking is regulated by CPT1C sensing of malonyl-CoA and describes the first inhibitor of SAC1 activity, which shed light on how nutrients and energy metabolism can affect synaptic function and cognition.
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Pilz, Ingo Hinrich. "Evaluation der Beteiligung retroviral markierter Knochenmarktransplantate an der Leberzellregeneration im murinen MOdell chronischer Leberschädigung C57BL/6J TGN(ALB 1 HBV) 44BRI." [S.l. : s.n.], 2006.

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Lima, Lucas Petersen Barbosa 1986. "Desenvolvimento de processos de eletrodos de porta (TaN e TiN) para dispositivos MOS." [s.n.], 2011. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/259293.

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Orientador: José Alexandre Diniz<br>Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Elétrica e de Computação<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-18T16:42:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lima_LucasPetersenBarbosa_M.pdf: 10518299 bytes, checksum: abe557fa5f682bd296c9fb416948d523 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011<br>Resumo: Filmes de nitreto de titânio (TiN) e nitreto de tântalo (TaN) foram depositados sobre substratos de Si (100) utilizando um sistema de sputtering reativo, com diferentes fluxos de N2 (10-80 sccm) e potência (500-1500W), em ambiente de N2/Ar. Foram analisadas as influências da mistura gasosa N2/Ar e potência nas propriedades estruturais e elétricas dos filmes de TiN e TaN, utilizando as técnicas de perfilometria, microscopia de força atômica, 4 pontas, espectroscopia Raman, difração de raios-x e espectroscopia de fotoelétron. As análises físicas e elétricas dos filmes de TiN e TaN demonstram que os filmes são policristalinos, com as orientações preferenciais (311)-( 111) e (200)-( 111), respectivamente. Os valores das taxas de deposições, resistividades elétricas e tamanho de grão para os filmes de TiN e TaN estão entre 4 e 78 nm/min, 150 e 7500 ??.cm e 0,001 e 0,027 ?m2, respectivamente. Foram fabricados capacitores MOS e diodos Schottky com eletrodos superiores de TiN e TaN com dielétricos de SiOxNy ou SiO2, e extraídas curvas CV e IV destes dispositivos, para extração de parâmetros como tensão de flatband (VFB), densidade de carga efetiva (Q0/q) e função trabalho do eletrodo superior (WF). As curvas CV dos capacitores MOS com dielétrico de SiOxNy e eletrodo superior de TiN apresentaram valores extraídos de Q0/q, VFB e WF de 1010 cm2, 0,29 V e 4,65 eV, respectivamente, que são compatíveis com a tecnologia CMOS. As curvas CV dos capacitores MOS com dielétrico de SiOxNy e eletrodo superior de TaN apresentaram valores extraídos de Q0/q, VFB e WF de 1010 cm2, 1,36 V e 3,81 eV, respectivamente, que não são compatíveis com a tecnologia CMOS. As curvas CV dos capacitores MOS com dielétrico de SiO2 e eletrodo superior de TiN apresentaram valores extraídos de Q0/q, VFB e WF de 1010 e 1012 cm2, de 0,12 V e 0,36 V, e, 4,15 eV e 4,43 eV, respectivamente, que são compatíveis com a tecnologia CMOS. As curvas CV dos capacitores MOS com dielétrico de SiO2 e eletrodo superior de TaN apresentaram valores extraídos de Q0/q, VFB e WF de 1010 e 1012 cm2, 0,29 V e 0,20 V, e, 4,41 eV e 4,44 eV, respectivamente, que são compatíveis com a tecnologia CMOS. Estes resultados indicam que os filmes de TiN e TaN são compatíveis para serem utilizados em dispositivos da tecnologia MOS<br>Abstract: Tantalum nitride (TaN) and titanium nitride (TiN) films have been obtained by DC sputtering, using different nitrogen flow (10 - 80 sccm) and power (500 - 1500 W), in a nitrogen (N2)/argon (Ar) ambient on Si (100) substrates. The N2/Ar ratio in gas mixture and power effects on structural and electrical properties of TaN and TiN films were investigated by scan profiler (film thickness and deposition rate), atomic force microscopy (rms roughness and grain size), fourprobe technique (electrical resistivity), Raman spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction (crystal orientation) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (film composition). The physical and structural analyses of TiN and TaN films show that TiN and TaN films were polycrystalline, with (311)-( 111) and (200)-( 111) preferred orientation, respectively. The deposition rates, electrical resistivities and grain size values of TiN and TaN films were between 4 and 78 nm/min, 150 and 7500 ??.cm and 0,001-0,027 ?m2, respectively. MOS capacitors and Schottky diodes were fabricated with TiN and TaN as upper electrodes and dielectrics with SiOxNy or SiO2. CV and IV measurements were carried out on these devices and flatband voltage (VFB), effective charge density (Q0/q) and metal gate work function (WF) were extracted from these measurements. The extracted values of Q0/q, VFB e WF 1010 cm2, 0,29 V e 4,65 eV, and these values were extracted from CV curves of MOS capacitors with TiN as gate electrode and SiOxNy as gate dielectric. The extracted values of Q0/q, VFB e WF 1010 cm2, 1,36 V e 3,81 eV, and these values were extracted from CV curves of MOS capacitors with TiN as gate electrode and SiOxNy as gate dielectric. The extracted values of Q0/q, VFB and WF were about 1010 and 1012 cm2, 0,12 V and 0,36V, and 4,15 eV and 4,43 eV, and these values were extracted from CV curves of MOS capacitors with TiN as gate electrode and SiO2 as gate dielectric. The extracted values of Q0/q, VFB and WF were about 1010 and 1012 cm2, 0,29 V and 0,20V, and 4,41 eV and 4,44 eV, and these values were extracted from CV curves of MOS capacitors with TaN as gate electrode and SiO2 as gate dielectric. These extracted values for VFB and WF indicates that the TiN and TaN films are suitable for MOS technology<br>Mestrado<br>Eletrônica, Microeletrônica e Optoeletrônica<br>Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica
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Wong, Y. P., and 黃玉萍. "A comparative study of the travel behaviour of residents in Shatin andTuen Mun: an activity-based approach." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B43894203.

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Books on the topic "TGN"

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Rejabhad. Tan Tin Tun. Creative Enterprise, 1992.

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Riera, Emilio García. Las películas de Tin Tan. Universitaria de Guadalajara, 2008.

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Las películas de Tin Tan. Universitaria de Guadalajara, 2008.

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Julián, Rosalía Valdés. La historia inédita de Tin Tan. Planeta, 2003.

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Tang, Da-Wu. Tan Da-u ten: Tang Da-Wu. Fukuoka-shi Bijutsukan, 1991.

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Varela, Alejandro Páez. Tin Tan, la historia de un genio sin lámpara. Ediciones del Gobierno del Estado de Chihuahua, 1990.

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Carlin, James F. Tin. Bureau of Mines, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, 1985.

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Tan hu tan tu: Tan hu tan tu. Guangxi shi fan da xue chu ban she, 2001.

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Els, Barents, ed. Ten by ten. Schirmer/Mosel, 1988.

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Die Zehn Gebote im Leben des Gottesvolkes. Kösel, 1988.

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Book chapters on the topic "TGN"

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Pavelka, Margit, and Jürgen Roth. "Structure of the TGN." In Functional Ultrastructure. Springer Vienna, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-211-99390-3_38.

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Pavelka, Margit, and Jürgen Roth. "Golgi Apparatus and TGN — Structural Considerations." In Functional Ultrastructure. Springer Vienna, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-211-99390-3_34.

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Pavelka, Margit, and Jürgen Roth. "Golgi Apparatus and TGN — Secretion and Endocytosis." In Functional Ultrastructure. Springer Vienna, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-211-99390-3_35.

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Pavelka, Margit, and Jürgen Roth. "Golgi Apparatus, TGN and Trans Golgi-ER." In Functional Ultrastructure. Springer Vienna, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-211-99390-3_36.

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Pavelka, Margit, and Jürgen Roth. "Golgi Apparatus, TGN and Trans Golgi-ER: Tilt Series." In Functional Ultrastructure. Springer Vienna, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-211-99390-3_37.

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Degen, Martin, and Richard P. Tucker. "Tenascin-W (Tnn, TNN)." In Encyclopedia of Signaling Molecules. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-67199-4_101623.

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Degen, Martin, and Richard P. Tucker. "Tenascin-W (Tnn, TNN)." In Encyclopedia of Signaling Molecules. Springer New York, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6438-9_101623-1.

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Wunderling, H., and H. Adelsberger. "tan 0° ⋯ tan 45°." In Schülkes Tafeln. Vieweg+Teubner Verlag, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-80170-8_6.

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Papazoglou, Aimilia, and Tricia Z. King. "Tan." In Encyclopedia of Clinical Neuropsychology. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57111-9_655.

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Harbison, Raymond D., and David R. Johnson. "Tin." In Hamilton & Hardy's Industrial Toxicology. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118834015.ch34.

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Conference papers on the topic "TGN"

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Muhsen, Baha'eddin A., Bilal Ibrahim, Edinson Najera, Hamid Borghei-Razavi, and Badih Adada. "Trigeminal Neuralgia (TGN) Secondary to Enlarged Suprameatal Tubercle (EST)." In Special Virtual Symposium of the North American Skull Base Society. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1725496.

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Sohn, Insoo. "Localization performance analysis of KNN in IEEE 802.11 TGn channel." In 2011 International Conference on ICT Convergence (ICTC). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ictc.2011.6082583.

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Ruilan Liu, Mingfeng Lin, Zhou Rong, and Kaiqiang Li. "Study on PSO-tGN algorithm of bio-electrical impedance tomography system." In 2014 11th World Congress on Intelligent Control and Automation (WCICA). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wcica.2014.7053712.

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Dovico, Ricardo, and Eduardo Montero. "The Evaluation and Restoration of a Deteriorated Buried Gas Pipeline." In 1996 1st International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc1996-1848.

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Historically, the Argentine gas transmission and distribution industry was owned and operated by the State. In 1992, by government decree, this entire industry was transferred to private owners and operators, and divided into two Gas Transmission Companies (TGN and TGS) and eight Gas Distribution Companies. The pipelines and related facilities had been left in an operating condition, however major capital investments were required to assure that the integrity, reliability and operability of the facilities were intact. These capital expenditures were mandatory in many areas as part of the privatization. Maintenance and rehabilitation tasks were developed for the entire transmission system, with the intent to reduce the number of unscheduled outages, optimize system maintenance costs, increase operation safety, and upgrade the pipeline to ensure compliance with the international code. Transportadora de Gas del Norte (TGN), operated by Nova Gas International of Calgary, Canada, consists of two major pipeline transmission systems. The North Line, which transports gas from Northern Argentina and Bolivia to markets south to Buenos Aires is a 24 inch, 3,000 Km system constructed in 1960. It was constructed using a field applied asphalt coating system. The Center West Line, which transports gas from central Argentina (Neuquen) to markets in the western part of the country and also to the Buenos Aires area, is a 30 inch, 1,400 Km system constructed in 1981. It was constructed using a field applied polyethylene tape coating system.
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Hoefel, R. P. F. "On the synchronization of IEEE 802.11N devices over frequency selective TGN channel models." In 2012 25th IEEE Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering (CCECE). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ccece.2012.6335067.

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Datta, Soumendra Nath, Sowjanya Vankayalapati, Atanu Guchhait, et al. "Finite State Markov Chain modelling of IEEE TGn channels for packet level simulators." In 2014 International Conference on Signal Processing and Communications (SPCOM). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/spcom.2014.6983980.

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Yalchin, Mehmet, Lukasz Kamieniarz, Rigers Cama, Samuel Tribich, and Andreas Koutsoumpas. "PWE-069 Measuring thioguanine nucleotide (6-TGN) levels and clinical response in IBD." In British Society of Gastroenterology, Annual General Meeting, 4–7 June 2018, Abstracts. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and British Society of Gastroenterology, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2018-bsgabstracts.201.

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Jin, Sian, Sumit Roy, Weihua Jiang, and Thomas R. Henderson. "Efficient Abstractions for Implementing TGn Channel and OFDM-MIMO Links in ns-3." In WNS3 2020: 2020 Workshop on ns-3. ACM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3389400.3389403.

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Habib, Bachir, Gheorghe Zaharia, and Ghais El Zein. "MIMO Hardware Simulator: Digital Block Design for 802.11ac Applications with TGn Channel Model Test." In 2012 IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC 2012-Spring). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/vetecs.2012.6239922.

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Li, Tingwei, Ruiwen Zhang, and Qing Li. "Multi Scale Temporal Graph Networks for Skeleton-Based Action Recognition." In 4th International Conference on Computer Science and Information Technology (COMIT 2020). AIRCC Publishing Corporation, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/csit.2020.101605.

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Graph convolutional networks (GCNs) can effectively capture the features of related nodes and improve the performance of model. More attention is paid to employing GCN in Skeleton-Based action recognition. But existing methods based on GCNs have two problems. First, the consistency of temporal and spatial features is ignored for extracting features node by node and frame by frame. To obtain spatiotemporal features simultaneously, we design a generic representation of skeleton sequences for action recognition and propose a novel model called Temporal Graph Networks (TGN). Secondly, the adjacency matrix of graph describing the relation of joints are mostly depended on the physical connection between joints. To appropriate describe the relations between joints in skeleton graph, we propose a multi-scale graph strategy, adopting a full-scale graph, part-scale graph and core-scale graph to capture the local features of each joint and the contour features of important joints. Experiments were carried out on two large datasets and results show that TGN with our graph strategy outperforms state-of-the-art methods.
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Reports on the topic "TGN"

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Coleman, M. D., M. Ellison, and A. Toy. Differences between CEN/TS 17337:2019 and TGN M22: Stationary source emissions monitoring using portable Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. National Physical Laboratory, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47120/npl.9216.

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Harvey, T., L. Peters, F. Serduke, and L. Edwards. Probabilistic consequence study of residual radiological effects from a hypothetical ten-ton inadvertent nuclear yield. Weapons Safety Program. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10193316.

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Lill, T., W. F. Calaway, Z. Ma, and M. J. Pellin. Sputtering of tin and gallium-tin clusters. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10180069.

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Gancedo, Carlos. La levadura, ¡tan antigua y tan bien conservada! Sociedad Española de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular (SEBBM), 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.18567/sebbmdiv_anc.2009.10.1.

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Weinberger, Christopher. Modeling tin whisker growth. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1096472.

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Sinclair, W. D. Vein-stockwork tin, tungsten. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/208012.

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Skone, Timothy J. Dragline, 8,200 ton, Construction. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1509050.

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Guimaraes, F. B. TNG-GENOA User's Manual. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/777610.

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Guimaraes, F. B., and C. Y. Fu. TNG-GENOA User's Manual. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/769249.

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Wang, Xiao-Fan. The Roles of TGF-Beta and TGF-Beta Signaling Receptors in Breast Carcinogenesis. Defense Technical Information Center, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada315705.

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