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Journal articles on the topic 'Thalaivan'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 2 August 2025

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1

Pushpa, M. "Elements of Psychological in Maruthakkali Subject." Shanlax International Journal of Tamil Research 6, no. 3 (2022): 53–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/tamil.v6i3.4624.

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Sangam literature is the literature that brings to the world the incomparable culture of the Tamils. Kalithogai book is highlighted by the educator’s in the ettuthogai of sanam literature. It is praised by the educators and the learned. This article explores only the psychological components of the maruthakali songs in the ainthinai. The science of the behaviour of an organism is called psychology. In the maruthakali songs the psychological component of correcting the attempt to alleviate the anger of the thalaivi and the anger of the concubine, which appears to be due to sexual intercourse, i

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Selvam, T. "The Role of Hair in Tamil Society." Shanlax International Journal of Tamil Research 5, no. 2 (2020): 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/tamil.v5i2.3482.

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Intertwined in both joyous and sorrowful experiences of Tamil people, the hair of women registers a special status in the Tamil society since time immemorial. Tamil people’s beliefs, customs and religious practices bear witness to the primary role played by hair in the lives of Tamil women.While well groomed hair is seen as a good omen, women with loose and ungroomed hair are looked as bad omen. Well groomed hair of Tamil women symbolises their families’ well-to-do status. The long and decorated hair of Tamil women had their admirers and husbands spellbound. The spellbound Thalaivan even forge

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ப., ஷைனி /. P. Shyni. "அகநானூற்று 'நெஞ்சொடு கிளத்தல்' பாடல்களில் கதைக்கூறுகள் / Soliloquies and their Subject in the Songs of Agananooru". IJTLLS 7, № 1 (2024): 70–83. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13330069.

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<em>The Sangam period not only depicts the Tamil culture, society and ethical morality but also depicts the lifestyle of human society. Both the leader (Thalaivan) and the Beloved (Thalaivi) lived in great love during the times of Love life (Kalavuk Kathal) and Married life (Karpuk Kathal). 'Agham' is of the nature of stating the state of mind that exists. The leader and the beloved live in happier terms but sometimes there will be a separation between the leader and the beloved. The separation may be of many causes but it will distress either of them. A sort of deep nostalgia occurs in them d

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Dr., L. Kumari Krishnaveni. "சங்க கால மகளீரின் மாட்சிமை / The Majesty of Sangam Women". Pandian Journal of Women's Studies 5, SPL 1 (1) (2025): 109–18. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14744639.

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<em>Literature captures the normal life of people. The family is a long-standing social institution that instructs virtue in a society. Love is very important in this family system. In Agam literature, the ideal love is found between the hero (Thalaivan) and the heroine (Thalaivi). A life without love is like a lifeless body.</em> <em>We can see women being oppressed and enslaved at various levels. However, the Tamil people were very different in prehistoric times. In ancient times there was a woman-centered society. One can see that during the Sangam era, women faced the evil consequences wit

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Pandian, educational trust. "சங்க காலத்தில் வாழ்ந்த தலைவன் தலைவியின் அன்பின் வெளிப்பாடு / Expression of Love of the Lover and Beloved lived in the Sangam Period". Chenkaantal 3, № 2 (2024): 8–14. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11552845.

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<em>Tamil Nadu is said to be one of the ancient lands of mankind that has been a model society built on love and other virtues that drive the way of a benevolent life. Indeed, love has existed since the beginning of the life of human beings on this earth, Sangam life portrays the importance of love through the verses mainly focussed on love and life among the Thalaivan (lover) and Thalaivi (beloved). Love is an expression of human instinct and Tamil heritage and society has been built upon the deliverance of love among the lovers. Many lives are pivotal examples of love from the Sangam Period

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முனைவர் இரா.பிரியதர்ஷினி. "Lifestyle of Parathaiyar as Shown by Kalittokai." Tamilmanam International Research Journal of Tamil Studies 1, no. 10 (2025): 699–707. https://doi.org/10.63300/tm0110202507.

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The ancient grammar and literature of the Tamil language mention the main characters in the Aga life of the people as Thalaivan, Thalaivi, and Dozhi. In this, Parathaiyar is the one who has the same characteristics as Thalaivi. The incidents about Parathaiyar have been mentioned by Tolkappiyar in the Kalaviyal. As drama characters, one of the five dynasties of Marutha, in the epic poems of Sangam literature, the events of Parathaiyar's life are recorded as the reason for the conflict between Thalaivan and Thalaivi. There are records about Parathaiyar in Thirukkural. Agapporul Vilakkam very cle

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Yuvarani, E. "Valluvan Kattum Thalaivan Ullam." Shanlax International Journal of Tamil Research 6, no. 3 (2022): 164–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/tamil.v6i3.4642.

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The tradition is that the leader must have all the qualifications. There is a leader who shows the cultivator accordingly. This article is aimed at examining how Valluvar has expressed his feelings for the leader during the period of Kalavu.

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Sadasivam, R. "Sanga Ilakiya Pen Manthargalil Thalaviyai Munvaithu." Shanlax International Journal of Tamil Research 7, no. 3 (2023): 60–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/tamil.v7i3.6090.

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In Sangam literature, the most important of the women is ‘Thalaivi’. She is known to be a co-worker with the ‘Thalaivan’ in a life of love and a person who excels in the life of chastity. The ‘Sevilithai’ and the ‘Natrai’ are overjoyed to know that her daughter is excelling in the family life. She is the one who stands and guides the leader in ‘kalavu’ and chastity as her best friend. The Sangam literature speaks a lot about this.

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Chandrasekaran, M., and U. Alibava. "Social Perception in Ingurunooru." Shanlax International Journal of Tamil Research 6, no. 1 (2021): 58–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/tamil.v6i1.4172.

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The Sangam Tamil Literature visualizes the oldtraditions of the Tamil Society. One of these descriptions in “Ingurunooru” suggests living of individuals and social biographies. Sangam pura poem’s depict events such as force, war, victory, fame and sangam aga poem’s describes on love life such as theft and chastity. The customsand interactions of the Thalaivan (Hero), Thalaivi (Heroine), Thozhi (Friend) based on the social community. And they are connected and controlled by the social events around them. Social Cognition is the physical appearance of other people, verbal, comments from nonverba

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N, Kavitha. "Cultural Records Shows Ainthinai Aimpathu." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, S-6 (2022): 38–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt22s66.

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Literature best describes the culture of the people. The study aims to identify the cultures found in the inthinai. The characteristic of remembering that the time has come when the leader (thalaivan) who goes in search of the object is the one who returns is beautifully situated. It explores the leader's (thalaivi) temperament and the leader's (thalaivi) sense of disability. This article reveals that the nature of the leader to keep her secret from being revealed is that the world is perpetuated only by virtuous people, and that both husband and wife are left to fend for themselves. It makes

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முனைவர், பீ.பெரியசாமி /. Dr. B. Periyaswamy. "கலித்தொகையில் பரத்தையர் / Parathaiyar (Courtesan) in Kalithogai". Pandian Journal of Women's Studies 4, № 1 (2024): 54–60. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12619812.

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<em>Prostitution was not a condemned act in Sangam literature. It was normal for a man to marry more than one woman. Sangam men lived in polygamy and had courtesans. It was a show of their wealth and entertainment. The ancient Tamil community was delighted by such acts. Even though Sangam society has glimpses of polygamy and adultery, the songs in the Marutathinai show that it was not completely accepted by all. All the songs of Marutathinai in the Sangam hymns describe the separation of the leader (Thalaivan) and the resulting death of the leader. The sufferings of the beloved (Thalaivi) have

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Rathna. "உளவியல் நோக்கில் இலக்கண மெய்ப்பாடுகளில் கலித்தொகையில் மகளிர் / A Psychological Perspective of Agam Realities of the Women in Kaliththogai". Pandian Journal of Women's Studies 3, № 2 (2023): 8–18. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10511750.

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<em>Psychology is a scientific study that studies human behaviour. The environment in which one lives is a major factor in one's behaviour. The social environment determines one's behaviour and personality. Literature is created with the nature of the human mind. The Literature that portrays real-life following the reals of human nature will be praised as the best literature. It is meritorious to consider such literature with psychological knowledge as a treasure of any literature. The word ‘psychology’ is new to modern Tamil society but the thoughts of the romantic feelings of the

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V, Nagalakshmi. "The Historical records of Sangam’s Akam Literature." International Research Journal of Tamil 2, no. 3 (2020): 211–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt20321.

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The History of Tamilnadu is two thousand years old. The Sangam literature helps to understand the history of ancient Tamil Nadu. As we know, Historical records, stories, and evidences abound in Puram poems of Sangam literature. Although it is about the Akam poems, there are several historical references to know about ancient Tamizhagam. The poets manipulate parables, to make imperceptible to perceptible and making in a way to give pleasure for the adorned. It is the opinion of the authors that, the parables, have been used more in the Akam material than in the Puram material. The parables used

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முனைவர், க. உமாராணி /. Dr. K. Umarani. "முல்லைப்பாட்டில் அகப்பொருட்கூறுகளும் கலைச்சொல்லாக்க முறைகளும் / Elements of Agam and Art of Vocabulary in Mullaipaattu". IJTLLS 6, № 2 (2024): 58–72. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12779013.

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<em>From the Tholkappiyam period to the Keeladi excavations, the evidences highlight the antiquity, pride and prosperity of the Tamil language that reverberates as proof that Tamil is a timeless language. The principles of the Agam (internal life) tradition cherished in ancient Tamil society are forever cherished and present now. Among the Sangam literature of the Sangam period, “Pattupattu” has been very significant. Even after many centuries, the existence of Tamil classical literature creates new fields of study and remains evident as proof of the literary richness of Tamil. Tam

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Prashila.S. "Ettuthogayil Sevilithaai." PULAM : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TAMILOLOGY STUDIES 3, no. 4 (2023): 58–66. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10005045.

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<strong>Abstract</strong>              The people of the Sangha period protected the Tamils from destroying their ancient heritage and identity without a trace. Sangat literature books centering on Thalaivan Thalavi are located in Sangat literature books focusing on Thalaivan Thalavi, with many evidences to reveal the life events that occur in the society due to mother's characteristics and activities. From Tolkappiyam, the most ancient grammar book of the Tamil language, Sevilithai is an unforgettable character in Sangam literat

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முனைவர், ஞா.அந்தோணி சுரேஷ் /. Dr G. Antony Suresh. "முத்தொள்ளாயிரம் காட்டும் வாழ்வியல் சிந்தனைகள் / Life Ethics in Muththollayiram". செங்காந்தள் / Chenkaantal Volume 1, Special Issues 1 (2022): 9–16. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6541219.

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<em>“Muththollayiram” belongs to the category of “Thokai Nool” in Tamil literature. The book is a collection of songs sung on the Chera, Chola and Pandya kings. It features a lot of internal life according to the Tamil tradition. It tells the stories like falling in love with a king when he comes around the city (Ula Varuthal), a vehement dance, forbidding mourning, the leader (Thalaivan)  in a dream or sending a stork as a messenger. This article deals with the aforesaid facts and decodes them for clarification.</em>

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M., Vijayalakshmi. "New Musical Adjectives in Kalavazhi Narpathu." Maayan International Journal of Tamil Research (MIJTR) 3, no. 3 (2023): 28–35. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8363080.

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Since the Sangam period, Love & heroism (Bravery) have often been the theme of literary works. They Categorize, “Love and married life of (Thalaivan) Chief & his Lover” as internal, and “King’s War, fame & people’s Bravery as External; “Kalavazhi Narpathu” is one of the books comes under the category of “Pathinen Keezkanakku Noolgal” appeared during Sangam Maruviya kalam”. It talks about External factors. Tholkappiyar divides the words combined by letters into four categories noun, verb, inter, and adjective. Based on Tolk

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முனைவர், ச. முத்துமாரி /. Dr. S. Muthumari. "நற்றிணை முல்லைத்திணைப் பாடல்களில் இல்லறக் கருத்துகள் / Values of Domestic Life in the Mullai Thinai Songs of Natrinai". IJTLLS 6, № 2 (2024): 217–28. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12797990.

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<em>“Natrinai” is one of the books in “Ettuthokai”. In the book, thirty songs speak of Mullai Thinai and its eminence. There are many ideas about life, ethics and virtues to be observed in the household and are recorded in the Mullaithinai songs of “Natrinai”. It praises of God in the song - 367 and about love in the songs - 42, 121, 381, patience in song - 51, smiling face - 81, Leader going to work - 394 (Thalaivan going abroad / afar), mourning for the departed leader - 97, 99, Beloved (Thalaivi), hospitality - 42, 81, 142, 121, 361, 367, 374, seeing apt

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Thilagavathi.A and Kumar R. Prem. "Thinai Marabugalum Chiraipuramum." PULAM : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TAMILOLOGY STUDIES 5, no. 2 (2025): 33–41. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15309087.

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Tolkappiyar has divided the Againsta as seven. Among them are the hands of the hands of them, except for the two sides of the temple, and the head of the head of the chief. Often the inner songs are the head of the head of the chief, or that the memories of themselves are not reminiscent of the memories of themselves, or the girlfriend of the girlfriend, the nature of the land, the nature of the land is based on the characteristics of the land. This review is exploring the traditions of the environment and the traditions of the environment.

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P, Latha. "Contemporary Changes in Tamil Cultural Components." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, S-8 (2022): 261–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt22s838.

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Tamils divide life into two parts, internal and external. They divided the life of the thalaivan and thalaivi’s love affairs that happen together as internal and political life and Socio-economic conditions as external. That's why Valluvar has divided it threefold: virtue, pleasure, and charity. If there is to be happiness and peace in life, everyone should impose certain duties and morals on themselves. Such duties and restrictions are called morals. Sanga literary bioethics serve as universal cultural guides that can be used to make life high and pleasant. These morals are eternal and are co

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J, Chandrika. "Dimensions of Love and Chastity." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, S-8 (2022): 210–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt22s830.

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From the Sangam period till today, the expressions of Kalavu and karpin have been circulating in different dimensions focusing on women. Even if it is stated that the gender discrimination presented by internal grammars is caused by corruption, it cannot be denied that the natural opposite sex drive of male and female occurs due to sexual stimulation. So, when the thalaivan and thalaivi who have made this level of education point their lives towards harmony and draft, a life called chastity is built there. When the Tamil literature that presented these things today absorb the western culture a

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வி., ஜெபா ஷாலினி /. W. Jaba Shalini. "சங்க அகப்பாடல்களில் வரைவு / Sanga Agappadalgalil Varaivu". IJTLLS 6, № 1 (2023): 223–37. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8200369.

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<em>The chastity section was constructed to talk about the interior lifestyle of the Tamil people during the Sangam period. It presents the inner life of man and woman in detail, centred on the interior. Gang life is also seen as a male-centred life.  The Adolescent-centred (Inner Life) life is not predicated in males but widely spoken after puberty is predicated in females. In Sangam literature, where love was the main theme, love gave women the right to take up their life. When the Thalaivan (leader) started picking flowers at the initiative of his friend and mother, he went towards the

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முனைவர், சு. தீபலட்சுமி /. Dr. S. Deepalakshmi. "ஐங்குறுநூறு – குறிஞ்சித்திணையில் பண்பாடு சார்ந்த நிகழ்வுகள் / Ainkurunooru - Cultural Events in Kurinjithinai". IJTLLS 6, № 2 (2024): 128–43. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12793457.

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<em>There is no need for anyone to trace out with evidence how the ancient Tamil people lived because Sangam Literature has been a complete portrayal of Tamil culture and life. The Sangam period can be said to be a Golden period of Tamils. It is a mirror of life that shows how Tamil people lived in the past. One can understand how Tamil people lived with benevolent manners and culture both internally and externally. They always trust love and bravery as their two eyes. Tamil people lived in harmony with nature. The Agan songs of “Ainkurunooru” show the inner life of the hero and be

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S., Esakkiselvi. "பதினெண் கீழ்க்கணக்கில் அகத்திணை நூல்களில் தோழியின் செயல்பாடுகள் / The Activities of the Lady Companion in the Agathinai Books of Pathinenkeelkanakku". Pandian Journal of Women's Studies 5, SPL 1 (1) (2025): 45–52. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14744528.

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<em>The activities of the lady companion in the “Pathinenkeelkanakku” books are remarkable to speak of.  If we take the Agam poems of the Sangam period, it is more likely to speak about the beauty of women with various parables than to talk about the valour of women. Various songs say that the lady companion is the one who performs the duties of father and mother to the heroine (Thalaivi) She protects her according to the culture and guides her in good relations. The lady companion is seen widely in the “Pathinenkeelkanakku” books. Tamil poets have created such wom

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செ.வெவோகா, /. S. Vevoka. "குறுந்தொகையில் கலைகள் / Arts in Kurunthogai". செங்காந்தள் / Chenkaantal Volume 2, Issue 2 (2023): 61–72. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7981647.

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<em>The Sangam literature is known as Patinen literature (18). These are divided into two major categories based on other things like the composition of songs, number of lines, and composition of verses such as octet literature and ten-song literature. Out of them, “Kurunthogai” is considered one of the literature. It can be seen that the songs in the collection refer to inner life. Characters such as Thalaivan, Thalavi, Thozhi, Sevizhithai, Pangan, etc. are part of it. Also, the historical notes about emperors like Cholan Karikavalavan, Kuttuvan, Tinther Porayan, and Pasumpoon Pan

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Dr, V. Malarvizhi. "Su. Tamilselvi's Female narrators in the novel of Manickam." PULAM : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TAMILOLOGY STUDIES 3, no. 1 (2023): 18–27. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7567943.

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<strong>Abstract</strong>      The main characters are the lifeblood of every innovation. The main characters are those whom the story features in the novel. They will be placed towards the end of the story. They will be displayed as the hero of the story. Both Thalaivan and Thalavi featured in the novel are Chief Mandars. They are the lifeblood of the story. As the mother and father of a family, the leader of the story excels. The main character of the story is seen continuously from the beginning to the end of the story. Karu is the leader of the story. Without them, the

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முனைவர், பொ. இரவீந்திரன் /. Dr. P. Ravindaran. "புறநானூற்றில் நட்பு / Friendship in Purananooru". IJTLLS 6, № 2 (2024): 30–47. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12778860.

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<em>Friendship is a virtue that appears on a mutual understanding without any limits like high status, low status, male, female, age, language, race or country. Having good friends in life is a great blessing. Friendship is not only to make a smile but also to make friends with a genuine inner blossoming. In Tamil literature, the Chera, the Chola and the Pandyas who ruled Tamil Nadu were friendly with their people even though they were fighting among themselves. King Kopperuncholan and the poet Pisiranthaiyar were close friends and lost their lives together without seeing each other direc

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முனைவர், பீ. பெரியசாமி /. Dr. B. Periyaswamy. "புறநானூற்றில் பாணர் வாழ்வியல் விழுமியங்கள் / Life Values of Panar in Purananooru". IJTLLS 6, № 2 (2024): 189–204. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12793590.

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<em>Panars are great musicians seen in the Sangam literature. They sing and receive gifts from kings and philanthropists in the ancient times of Tamil Nadu. The lives of these musicians met with the brink of poverty due to the fall of the Tamil king’s regimes. They cannot lead a happy life unless they please others with songs and music. They have been forced to depend on others. With the advent of Jain-Buddhism, music was identified as a sensual factor and the life of musicians became questionable. Their situation was not the same as that of the period of devotional literature. It became

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Narayanan K Geeta, Sathya. "COVID Innovations in Airway Management the Thalaiva Techniques." International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) 12, no. 1 (2023): 206–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.21275/sr23104182947.

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T, Sophiya, Sankareswari G, and Lakshmi Kantham T. "A clinical evaluation of Siddha herbal formulation Panchathaarai kuzhambu (Internal medicine) and Ottrai thalaivali thylam (External medicine) in the management of Ottrai thalaivali (Migraine)." International Journal of Ayurvedic Medicine 15, no. 4 (2025): 929–34. https://doi.org/10.47552/ijam.v15i4.5088.

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Migraine is a syndrome of headache which is benign and re-occurring, along with various neurological dysfunctions, nausea/vomiting etc, affecting about 20% of females and 6% of males at some point in life. It affects over one billion people worldwide. According to Siddha, Ottrai thalaivali (migraine) is characterized as unilateral headache, lacrimation, irritability, sighing, fatigue, tremor, startling, loss of appetite and tingling sensation. Research studies regarding Migraine was searched in databases like PubMed, Google scholar, scopus, web of science, using keywords Migraine and siddha, M

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Palsamy, Packiaraj, and Kannan Dorai Pand. "Riparian Grass Diversity of Pambar and Thalaiyar Freshwater Streams, Western Ghats, India." Journal of Plant Sciences 17, no. 4 (2022): 161–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/jps.2022.161.165.

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Verma, Amit. "Iron lady of Indian politics: review of the film Thalaivii." Media Asia 49, no. 2 (2021): 188–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01296612.2021.2006405.

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முனைவர், ம. பெட்ரிக் ஜெபராஜ் /. Dr. M. Patrick Jebaraj. "மருதநிலத் தலைவியின் ஒழுகலாறும் பண்பாடும் / Culture and Moral of the Marutham Land Thalaivi". செங்காந்தள் / Chenkaantal Volume 2, Special Issue 2 (2023): 168–75. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7593146.

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<em>All Sangam internal literature is a collection of hymns based on Agamander's statement. The protagonist occupies a prime position in the Agamanthars both on the basis of the statement and the nature of the context in which it is said. The protagonist was a centralized person by other people. Therefore, the purpose of the research paper is to examine the sentiments of love, compassion, affection, irony, and conflict towards her counterpart examining only the songs of the leader of the hospital in Sangam intra-songs. The research paper reflects the basic instincts of the protagonist of S

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S, Premavathy. "Female’s in Panniru Thirumuraigal." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, S-6 (2022): 99–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt22s614.

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Out of 63 Nayanmars 3 Females are Placed. Among them Karaikal Ammaiyar, Mangaiyarkarasiyar, Isaignaniyar. The main reason for the development of devotional literature is karaikal Ammaiyar. She is precocions. To give equal rights to women to be the leader (Thalaivi) mother (Natraai) Friend (Thozhi) nurse (Sevili) doing the sangam period. Goddess karaikal Ammaiyar, who lived, in the fourth and fifth centuries AD, worshiped Lord Shiva in a devotional manner. One of the sitrilakkiyam is sung by the wonderful Thiruvanthadi. Mangaiyarkarasi’s devotional practice changed her husband from koon pandian

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V, Gowri, and Madhan Kumar R. "Parakalanayaki in Periyathirumozhi." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, no. 4 (2022): 28–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt2243.

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Acharya Hirudayam is a book written by the Azhagiya Manavalaperumal Nayanar, which explains the devotion of the Tiruvaimozhi bestowed by Nammaazhvar, the lyrical techniques, the philosophical meaning of the epics and the ascendancy of the Divyadesas enshrined by Aazhvar. This article is based on the philosophical interpretation of Nammaazhvar's Agaththurai songs in the book, in the context of Thirumangaiyalwar's internal songs. Thirumangaiyalvar, describing Paramanma as the leader and himself as the leader, ‘arrogant in wisdom; He will speak in the position of a womanizer in love. When Aazhlva

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D, Anitha. "Thought positions of the Woman-lead in Natrinai." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, S-8 (2022): 154–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt22s821.

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This article aims to find out how the stances of the woman-lead's (Thalaivi) are situated in Natrinai, which is the first piece of Etthuthokai literature (the eight anthologies). The Sangam era speaks about women, i.e., the position of women in the love life of a man and a woman. Women of the Sangam period are depicted as heroic women in literature. Women were known to meet their men at all hours of the day and night, to protect crops, to be brave in their actions, and to be messengers for the king. The content of this article has been chosen with the aim of analysing the position of women in

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T., Muthu Lakshmi. "சங்க இலக்கியத்தில் பெண்ணியம் / Feminism in the Sangam Literature". Pandian Journal of Women's Studies 5, SPL 1 (2) (2025): 350–57. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14752502.

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<em>The themes of Sangam literature revolve around two main aspects. They are love and valour. Sangam Era poets presented nature as a backdrop for their imaginative and factual descriptions. It provides valuable information through the poems. The beloved or Thalaivi is a prominent figure in Sangam literature. She is revered for her exceptional qualities. Sangam women were known for their bravery and often shared the throne with kings. They lived with dignity and were adorned with beautiful jewellery. It is impossible to give a universal definition of feminism that applies to all societies in t

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Dr., R. Rajeswari. "சங்கம் காட்டும் பெண்கள் / Women as Portrayed by Sangam". Pandian Journal of Women's Studies 5, SPL 1 (2) (2025): 386–93. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14752666.

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<em>In the Tamil society that values femininity, women have been the main focus of literature throughout time. From the time of “Tolkappiyam” to the present day, the dignity of women has been expressed in a noble manner. Sangam literature is full of facts about various women such as heroines, heroine’s friends, nurses and heroes. On the one hand, literature has distinguished women as poets, warriors full of bravery and teachers who teach virtue to the king and on the other hand, they have done their work as wives worthy of their husbands and mothers who cherish home. On keepi

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Sarvaharana, P., P. Thiyagarajan, and S. Manikandan. "A Study On Bharat Ratna Dr.M.G.Ramachandran’s Philosophical Film Songs With Special Reference to the Socialistic And Communistic Ideas It Contains - An Academic Comparative Analysis with the Theory of Socialism as Propounded by Karl Marx." World Journal of Social Science 5, no. 1 (2017): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/wjss.v5n1p46.

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Providing quality songs in movies has become paramount importance on the part of film Producers and Directors. Of late the heroes of the movies are also concerned about the contents of the song; as they play the main role in the movies and are watched by millions of fans. Super-hero who attained matinée idol status like Makkal Thilagam Bharat Ratna Dr.M.G.Ramachandran took upon himself the responsibility of not only producing quality movies but also paid personal attention to produce quality songs as he thought that good messages can be disseminated through his film songs to millions of his fa

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Dr., D. Mahila Jeni. "நெடுநல்வாடையில் பெண்களின் வாழ்வியல் / The Lifestyle of Women in Nedunalvadai". Pandian Journal of Women's Studies 5, SPL 1 (2) (2025): 301–7. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14752303.

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<em>“Nedunalvadai” was composed by Nakkirar portraying the famous Pandyan King Nedunchezhiyan as the one who wears the Neem flowers. This book is one of the “Pattuppattu” Books. It has been written in 188 verses by the author. As the events take place during the Vadai period, it is a longing for the beloved (Thalaivi) who is separated from the leader and the war is won. It becomes a good source for the hero who is resting in the barracks after victory in the war. It is named “Nedunalvadai” as it means a long and good season for the hero and a nostalgic situa

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A., Mani. "குறுந்தொகை நெய்தல் தலைவியின் இரங்கல் உணர்வு வெளிப்பாடுகள் / Expressions of Nostalgic Feelings of the Coastal Beloved in Kurunthokai". Pandian Journal of Women's Studies 5, SPL 1 (2) (2025): 308–14. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14752315.

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<em>The article states the nostalgic feelings and their expressions found in the Neithal songs (Coastal) of “Kurunthogai.” Four Kalavu (Secret Love) songs are taken for study and they highlight the expressions of nostalgic feelings of the beloved (Thalaivi) that can be learned from the songs. The sad expressions of the ladylove who is sad by the hero’s separation has been mentioned in the poems. Among them, the part called "Vemmaik Kanneer Sindhum Nilai" describes how the heroine worries for the hero and sheds tears for his safety. It also explains how the heroine longs for t

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D, Ammu. "Personification of Puranaanutru Avvai." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, S-8 (2022): 86–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt22s812.

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Personality is the ability to govern oneself and others. In psychological terms, personality refers to a person's organised dialectical characteristics and the resulting attitudes, behaviors, feelings, and thoughts. Personality in general refers largely to one's outward appearance. Although women were not given full freedom during the Sangam period, they excelled in many fields during that time. As well as excelling in various fields, they were well versed in Tamil as well. Reminiscing about the excellence of Sangam period woman poet Avvaiyaar and studying her language skills and intellect can

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A., Arun Bejo. "Marutham in the Songs of Ainkurunooru." October 2, 2023. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8397588.

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<em>The ancient Tamil people cultivated large tracts of river-flowing land and turned it into agricultural fields.They celebrated it as a river that irrigates the Marutam land (Agri land) and nurtures it like a mother nursing her child. Due to this, the river was celebrated with many nicknames like ‘Ponni’ and ‘PoiyakKulakkodi’. In short, the river is the lifeline of the Tamil country. The cities and ports that excelled in the three Sangam eras were built after the river. This is the reason why the proverb "A town without a river is not beautiful". According t

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Narayanan. K, Sathya, Ilango Ganesan, and Sundaram Loganathan. "COVID INNOVATIONS IN AIRWAY MANAGEMENT – THE 'THALAIVA' TECHNIQUES." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH, April 1, 2025, 21–22. https://doi.org/10.36106/ijsr/1500775.

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Aim: Innovative techniques employed to manage airway during covid pandemic and other jugaad techniques inside operation room during emergencies . These following innovations were made during residency days and it Background: included an aerosol shield from cardboards and clothes hangers , a simple hack to ventilate two patients from one single source of oxygen named as Biventilation from a single oxygen(BVSO). These innovative ideas along with a manual resuscitator made up of an intravenous fluid bottle - SAMBU were presented as a paper in powerpoint format during 1st YUVA ISACON 2020 on 5th a

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Vishnupriya, S., and R. Bharathi. "impact of audio visual aids in teaching." International journal of health sciences, May 25, 2022, 7847–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.53730/ijhs.v6ns3.7877.

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The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of audio aids (such as discussions, debates, audiotapes, role- plays, and lectures) and visual aids (books, video, power point slides, movie appreciation, projectors, animation videos, charts, and pictures) as teaching tools, which are used by teachers as a motivating technique for increasing learners' attention spans. To meet the research's objective, a closed-ended questionnaire was employed to extract basic data for findings results of the impact of audio-visual aids in teaching. The research population for this study have included teacher

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Sarvaharana, P., Dr P. Thiyagarajan, and Dr S. Manikandan. "A Study on Bharat Ratna Dr. M. G. Ramachandran’s Philosophical Film Songs that Contain the Ideas of Socialistic and Communistic Ideas Which can be Compared More Specifically with the Communist Manifesto as Propounded by Karl Marx and Engels – An Academic Comparative Study, using a Novel Methodology." Global Journal of Human-Social Science, July 1, 2022, 39–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.34257/gjhssavol22is5pg39.

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It is a fact that super-hero like Makkal Thilagam Bharat Ratna Dr.M.G.Ramachandran took upon himself the responsibility of not only producing quality movies but also paid personal attention to produce quality songs as he thought that good messages could be propagated through film songs to millions of his fans. In view of this Bharat Ratna Dr.M.G.Ramachandran availed the assistance of peers, and eminent lyricist like the great Pattukottaiyar, Kaviyarasu Kannadasan, Kavinger Valli,Marudhakasi,and also encouraged emerging writers like Na.Muthulingam to write songs for his movies. Given such extra

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Kumar, M. Mohan, Dr P. Thiyagarajan, and P. Sarvaharana. "Puratchi Thalaivi Amma’s Medical Insurance Scheme – A Boon for the Despondent Unorganized Sector - A Preliminary Case Study on The Penetration of Private Insurance Companies on the Unorganized Sector of Chennai City." Global Journal of Human-Social Science, September 24, 2019, 35–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.34257/gjhssevol19is7pg35.

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The Insurance sector plays a vital role in the planned economic development, as it not only aims to boost saving habit; but also become a safety-net both for the rural and urban sector. It also aims to generate long-term funds for infrastructural development. Besides, Insurance protects enterprises against risks such as fire and natural calamities. For the general public insurance comes to their aid towards health care, life, property and pension. Therefore,insurance growth and development is synonymous to the growth of an economy wherein it not only safeguards the interest of the industry but

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-, DR DEBJANI HALDER. "Debate on Women's Reservation in Politics and Contemporary Indian Cinema: a Feminist Overview." International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research 5, no. 3 (2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2023.v05i03.3481.

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Gender discrimination is an important cause that relegates the position of women in Indian Pol- itics. It is a ground for denying rights and is not an argument posited in opposition to the notion of universal rights of women. In India except for the ballot machine, women's participation as contest- ants, elected representatives, members of the Government, and so on was negligible. The nature of the problem is varied such as lack of time due to domestic responsibilities, socio-cultural norms lim- iting mobility, and patriarchal control discouraging women from coming into conflict with men. Pa-

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Sarvaharana, P., P. Thiyagarajan, and S. Manikandan. "An Heuristic Study on Puratchi Thalaivi Dr. Jayaraman Jayalalitha Who had Acted as Heroine with Bharat Ratna Dr. Marudur Gopala Menon Ramachandran in the 28 Classical Tamil Movies, Many of Which are Reflecting Dravidian Ideology – Whether Such an Association Resulted in Developing Leadership Qualitites to become an Unparalled Women Political Leader." Global Journal of Human-Social Science, May 7, 2021, 67–173. http://dx.doi.org/10.34257/gjhssavol21is5pg67.

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Right to live, equity and social justice are watch words that determine quality of life in a society. There is always a fight between the haves and have nots’, in the end the powerful would not only prevail in the society but dominate the have nots’ to the utter dismay of the social thinkers (1). Question arises whether films and film songs address the issue of social inequality and voice against the sufferings of the lowest rung of the people of Tamil Society? In his scholarly article Robert L Hardgrave states that “Film had become increasingly pervasive in almost all aspects of Tamil society

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