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Journal articles on the topic 'Thallium Thallium'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 7 February 2022

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1

Aoyama, H., M. Yoshida, and Y. Yamamura. "Acute Poisoning by Intentional Ingestion of Thallous Malonate." Human Toxicology 5, no. 6 (1986): 389–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096032718600500612.

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1 A 26-year-old man who ingested 10 g of thallous malonate was treated by gastric lavage and combined haemodialysis and haemoperfusion. 2 At a blood flow of 100 ml/min, the average of thallium clearance values obtained by combined haemoperfusion and haemodialysis at two different times were 50.2 and 60.4 ml/min. 3 Forty hours after ingestion, he died of cardiac failure. A higher concentration of thallium was found in the heart than in other organs, suggesting that the heart is the main target of thallium in the early stage of acute poisoning.

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2

Xiong, Yongliang. "The aqueous geochemistry of thallium: speciation and solubility of thallium in low temperature systems." Environmental Chemistry 6, no. 5 (2009): 441. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/en08086.

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Environmental context. The aqueous geochemistry of thallium is not well known in comparison with cadmium and lead, although it is more highly toxic, and at the same time has a wide range of industrial applications. A database allowing us to reliably predict the speciation and solubility of thallium in various environments in low temperature systems would be invaluable in providing some understanding of thallium’s mobilisation and mitigation. We propose here such a thermodynamic database based on critical reviews. Abstract. Thallium is a highly toxic element, and at the same time it has a wide

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3

Delfino, Stefano, Adriana Saccone, Gabriele Cacciamani, and Riccardo Ferro. "Contribution to the Rare Earth Thallide Chemistry: The Holmium-Thallium and Erbium-Thallium Systems." International Journal of Materials Research 78, no. 5 (1987): 344–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijmr-1987-780507.

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4

Tsirlina, G. A., and O. A. Petrii. "Electrosynthesis and electrochemical behaviour of unusual solid thallium-based phases: thallium peroxide, thallium(I)-thallium(III) mixed oxide, thallium cuprate, and thallium oxyfluoride." Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry 401, no. 1-2 (1996): 33–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-0728(95)04296-2.

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5

TSIRLINA, G. A., and O. A. PETRII. "ChemInform Abstract: Electrosynthesis and Electrochemical Behavior of Unusual Solid Thallium-Based Phases: Thallium Peroxide, Thallium(I)-Thallium(III) Mixed Oxide, Thallium Cuprate, and Thallium Oxyfluoride." ChemInform 27, no. 28 (2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199628012.

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6

NRIAGU, JEROME O. "THALLIUM." Chemical & Engineering News 81, no. 36 (2003): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-v081n036.p153.

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7

Sager, M. "Thallium." Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry 45, no. 1-2 (1994): 11–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02772249409358067.

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8

Michel, C., C. Martin, M. Hervieu, et al. "Thallium nonstoichiometry in 2212-thallium cuprate." Journal of Solid State Chemistry 96, no. 2 (1992): 271–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-4596(05)80260-9.

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9

Wahlbeck, P. G., R. R. Richards, and D. L. Myers. "Vaporization of thallium (III) oxide and thallium activities in thallium superconductors." Journal of Chemical Physics 95, no. 12 (1991): 9122–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.461191.

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10

Huang, C., X. Zhang, G. Li, Y. Jiang, Q. Wang, and R. Tian. "A case of severe thallium poisoning successfully treated with hemoperfusion and continuous veno-venous hemofiltration." Human & Experimental Toxicology 33, no. 5 (2013): 554–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0960327113499039.

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Thallium poisoning is a rare condition that is often misdiagnosed, delaying appropriate treatment. Left untreated, thallium toxicity can permanently damage the nervous and digestive systems or, in severe cases, lead to paralysis and death. It is most often treated by an oral administration of Prussian blue. Thallium has a long physiological half-life, and Prussian blue cannot sequester thallium outside the digestive tract. Therefore, the first priority in treating severe thallium poisoning is to lower blood levels as soon as possible. We report the case of a patient with supralethal blood leve

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11

Ibupoto, Z. H., Syed M. Usman Ali, K. Khun, and Magnus Willander. "Selective Thallium (I) Ion Sensor Based on Functionalised ZnO Nanorods." Journal of Nanotechnology 2012 (2012): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/619062.

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Well controlled in length and highly aligned ZnO nanorods were grown on the gold-coated glass substrate by hydrothermal growth method. ZnO nanorods were functionalised with selective thallium (I) ion ionophore dibenzyldiaza-18-crown-6 (DBzDA18C6). The thallium ion sensor showed wide linear potentiometric response to thallium (I) ion concentrations ( M to M) with high sensitivity of 36.87 ± 1.49 mV/decade. Moreover, thallium (I) ion demonstrated fast response time of less than 5 s, high selectivity, reproducibility, storage stability, and negligible response to common interferents. The proposed

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12

WAHLBECK, P. G., R. R. RICHARDS, and D. L. MYERS. "ChemInform Abstract: Vaporization of Thallium(III) Oxide and Thallium Activities in Thallium Superconductors." ChemInform 23, no. 16 (2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199216024.

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13

Rao, M. S. Prasada, A. Rama Mohan Rao, Karri V. Ramana, and S. R. Sagi. "Thallimetric oxidations Part VII: Titrimetric and spectrophotometric methods for the determination of hypophosphite and ternary mixtures of hypophosphite, phosphite, and oxalate." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 71, no. 6 (1993): 801–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v93-106.

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Titrimetric and spectrophotometric methods are developed for the estimation of hypophosphite (PO23−) at mmol and micromol ranges, respectively. In these methods thallium(III) is used as an oxidant and the reduced thallium(I) is determined either oxidimetrically by potassium bromate in the titrimetric method or by measurement of the optical density of thallium(III) at 260 nm in the presence of 0.1 M NaCl and 1 M HClO4 in the spectrophotometric method. Convenient methods are described for the determination of ternary mixtures of hypophosphite (PO23−), phosphite (PO33−), and oxalate (C2O42−). A m

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14

Fatemi, S. J., A. Amiri, M. H. Bazargan, S. Tubafard, and S. N. Fatemi. "Clinical Evaluation of Desferrioxamine (DFO) for Removal of Thallium Ions in Rat." International Journal of Artificial Organs 30, no. 10 (2007): 902–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/039139880703001007.

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An investigation was conducted to evaluate the ability of DFO following the administration of thallium salt in male Wistar rats. Thallium was introduced to several groups of weanling male Wistar rats via different means, through drink, food and intraperitoneal injection. A control group was fed on a diet containing a normal level of iron. After a period of 30 days, all the rats administered thallium were severely anemic and showed toxicity symptoms through loss of hair, an increase in thallium and a decrease in iron levels in the blood. Chelation therapy was carried out to remove the toxic ele

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15

Molavi, N., A. Ghaderi, and HR Banafshe. "Determination of thallium in urine, blood, and hair in illicit opioid users in Iran." Human & Experimental Toxicology 39, no. 6 (2020): 808–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0960327120903487.

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Context: Heavy metals, including thallium and lead, are introduced to illicit drug users’ body as a result of using drugs such as cocaine and heroin. Objective: This study aimed to determine urine, blood, and hair thallium (Tl) concentrations in illicit opioid users along with the relevant clinical signs and symptoms consistent with thallotoxicosis and to compare them with the corresponding variables in the control non-opioid user group. Materials and Methods: This case–control study was conducted on 50 illicit opioid users who had abused opioids continuously for more than a year, referred to

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16

Millichap, J. Gordon. "Thallium Poisoning." Pediatric Neurology Briefs 9, no. 1 (1995): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.15844/pedneurbriefs-9-1-7.

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17

Lowe, Penelope. "Thallium scanning." Nursing Standard 6, no. 44 (1992): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns.6.44.56.s66.

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18

McLaughlin, Andrew F. "Thallium scanning." Australian Prescriber 17, no. 3 (1994): 57–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.18773/austprescr.1994.057.

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19

Galván-Arzate, Sonia, and Abel Santamarı́a. "Thallium toxicity." Toxicology Letters 99, no. 1 (1998): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-4274(98)00126-x.

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20

Selker, Harry P., Robert J. Zalenski, Elliott M. Antman, et al. "Thallium Scanning." Annals of Emergency Medicine 29, no. 1 (1997): 74–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0196-0644(97)70311-1.

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21

Lennartson, Anders. "Toxic thallium." Nature Chemistry 7, no. 7 (2015): 610. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nchem.2286.

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22

Weil, Matthias, and Berthold Stöger. "Thallium diphosphates." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 75, no. 11 (2020): 927–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-2020-0123.

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AbstractThree thallium(I) diphosphates with compositions Tl4P2O7, Tl2H2P2O7, Tl2H2P2O7(H2O)0.5 and the mixed-valent thallium(I,III) diphosphate Tl2P2O7 (= TlITlIIIP2O7) were obtained from aqueous solutions using an ion-exchange resin (Tl4P2O7), through thermal treatment of TlH2PO4 at 190 °C and subsequent crystallization from aqueous solutions (Tl2H2P2O7, Tl2H2P2O7(H2O)0.5), and from a phosphate flux at 220 °C (Tl2P2O7). The crystal structures of monoclinic Tl4P2O7 (C2/c, Z = 4) and orthorhombic Tl2H2P2O7 (Pbca, Z = 8) are unique, whereas monoclinic Tl2H2P2O7(H2O)0.5 (C2/c, Z = 8) is isotypic

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23

Doyner, R. M. "Thallium tomography." Nuclear Medicine Communications 14, no. 3 (1993): 242–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006231-199303000-00045.

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24

Alberti, Davide, and Klaus-Richard Pörschke. "Thallium Perfluorotetraphenylborate." Organometallics 23, no. 6 (2004): 1459–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/om0306729.

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25

Lette, Jean, Richard Underwood, Ann Tweddel, Ian Hutton, Peter Ell, and Stephen Walton. "Thallium scintigraphy." Lancet 338, no. 8779 (1991): 1405–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0140-6736(91)92289-e.

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26

LAI, JAN-JI, SHAHRAM KHADEMI, EDGAR F. MEYER, DAVID L. CULLEN, and KEVIN M. SMITH. "Bis-thallium(I) porphyrin complexes." Journal of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines 05, no. 08 (2001): 621–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jpp.367.

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Thallium(I) complexes of 2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-octaethylporphyrin and 5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin are shown to have two thallium(I) ions per porphyrin ligand. Syntheses, spectroscopic characteristics (UV-vis, MS, NMR), chemistry, and an X-ray crystal structure of bis-thallium(I) porphyrins are presented.

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27

Puschner, Birgit, Marguerite M. Basso, and Thomas W. Graham. "Thallium toxicosis in a dog consequent to ingestion of Mycoplasma agar plates." Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 24, no. 1 (2011): 227–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1040638711425941.

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A 1-year-old dog ingested a mixture of blood agar and Mycoplasma agar plates. The Mycoplasma agar plates contained thallium acetate, which resulted in an estimated minimum dose of 5 mg thallium acetate/kg bodyweight. Clinical signs over the course of 2–3 weeks included vomiting, diarrhea, weight loss, alopecia, dysphonia, ataxia, paresthesia, intension tremors, megaesophagus with subsequent aspiration pneumonia, and several seizure episodes. The dog was treated with intravenous fluids and placement of a gastric feeding tube. Thallium concentrations in hair were 8.2 µg/g in samples taken on day

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28

Zhao, Fengqi, and Shangyi Gu. "Secondary Sulfate Minerals from Thallium Mineralized Areas: Their Formation and Environmental Significance." Minerals 11, no. 8 (2021): 855. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11080855.

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Thallium is a highly toxic metal and is predominantly hosted by sulfides associated with low-temperature hydrothermal mineralization. Weathering and oxidation of sulfides generate acid drainage with a high concentration of thallium, posing a threat to surrounding environments. Thallium may also be incorporated into secondary sulfate minerals, which act as temporary storage for thallium. We present a state-of-the-art review on the formation mechanism of the secondary sulfate minerals from thallium mineralized areas and the varied roles these sulfate minerals play in Tl mobility. Up to 89 indepe

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29

Datta, Amlan, Piotr Becla, and Shariar Motakef. "Thallium Bromide Semiconductor Radiation Detectors With Thallium Contacts." IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science 65, no. 8 (2018): 2329–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tns.2018.2856467.

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30

Zhang, Zhong, Baogui Zhang, Jiangping Long, Xingmao Zhang, and Guoli Chen. "Thallium pollution associated with mining of thallium deposits." Science in China Series D: Earth Sciences 41, no. 1 (1998): 75–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02932424.

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31

Siddique, R. M., and J. M. Winfield. "A [205T1]-thallium NMR study of thallium(I) and thallium(III) fluorometalates in acetonitrile." Journal of Fluorine Chemistry 40, no. 1 (1988): 71–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-1139(00)81064-7.

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32

Cvjetko, Petra, Ivan Cvjetko, and Mirjana Pavlica. "Thallium Toxicity in Humans." Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology 61, no. 1 (2010): 111–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/10004-1254-61-2010-1976.

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Thallium Toxicity in HumansThallium is a naturally occurring trace element, widely distributed in the earth's crust, but at very low concentrations. It does not have a known biological use and does not appear to be an essential element for life. It has been considered one of the most toxic heavy metals.Occasionally, there are reports on thallium poisoning as results of suicide or murder attempt or accident. The main threat to humans is through occupational exposure, environmental contamination, and accumulation in food, mainly in vegetables grown on contaminated soil. Increasing use in emergin

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33

Piskorowski, Rebecca A., and Richard W. Aldrich. "Relationship between Pore Occupancy and Gating in BK Potassium Channels." Journal of General Physiology 127, no. 5 (2006): 557–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1085/jgp.200509482.

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Permeant ions can have significant effects on ion channel conformational changes. To further understand the relationship between ion occupancy and gating conformational changes, we have studied macroscopic and single-channel gating of BK potassium channels with different permeant monovalent cations. While the slopes of the conductance–voltage curve were reduced with respect to potassium for all permeant ions, BK channels required stronger depolarization to open only when thallium was the permeant ion. Thallium also slowed the activation and deactivation kinetics. Both the change in kinetics an

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34

Miller, Michael A., Manish M. Patel, and Troy Coon. "Prussian Blue for Treatment of Thallium Overdose in the US." Hospital Pharmacy 40, no. 9 (2005): 796–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001857870504000909.

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Thallium is a metal that throughout the past century has been found useful in a wide variety of ways. Thallium has been used medicinally to treat ringworm (tinea), as a rodenticide, and is found naturally in many varieties of rock. Thallium poisoning in the US has become uncommon, as its household uses have vanished. Thallium is still used in certain commercial and research areas such as nuclear medicine studies and gamma radiation detection equipment; it is also being researched for development of high-temperature superconducting materials for applications such as magnetic resonance imaging (

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35

Pecksen, Gerald Norman, and Raymond Frederick Martin White. ""Through-space" spin–spin coupling between thallium and fluorine in fluorophenylthallium compounds." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 67, no. 11 (1989): 1847–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v89-287.

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Thallium to fluorine spin–spin coupling constants have been measured for a number of fluoro- and trifluoro-methyl-substituted mono- and di-arylthallium derivatives. The results provide evidence of "through-space" coupling in the diaryl derivatives when the fluoro- or trifluoro-methyl group is ortho to the thallium atom. Keywords: thallium, fluorine, NMR, through-space coupling.

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36

Bružaitė, I., V. Janickis, I. Ancutienė, and Valentinas Snitka. "Formation of Thallium Sulphide Layers on Polyethylene (PE) Sulphurised in a Solution of Higher Polythionic Acid." Solid State Phenomena 106 (September 2005): 133–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.106.133.

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Thallium sulphide layers of different composition were obtained on the surface of polyethylene when it was sulphurised in a solution of higher polythionic acid, H2S33O6, and then treated with an alkaline solution of thallium(I) sulphate. The stoichiometric composition of the thallium sulphide layers varied between Tl0.3S and Tl2.6S depending on the formation conditions of the layers of TlxSy. A phase composition of the layers obtained was confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The spectra of Tl 4f7/2, O 1s and S 2p showed the bond of thallium with sulphur in TlS and Tl2S , but Tl2SO4,

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37

Shetty, Prakash, and Nityananda Shetty. "Sodium dithionite as a selective demasking agent for the complexometric determination of thallium." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 70, no. 11 (2005): 1357–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc0511357s.

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Sodium dithionite is proposed as a new demasking agent for the rapid and selective complexometric determination of thallium(III). In the presence of diverse metal ions, thallium (III) was first complexed with excess EDTA and the surplus EDTA was then titrated with a standard zinc sulphate solution at pH 5-6 (hexamine buffer) using Xylenol Orange as the indicator. The EDTA equivalent to thallium was then released selectively with sodium dithionite and back titrated with a standard zinc sulphate solution as before. Reproducible and accurate results were obtained in the range 4-100 mg of thallium

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38

van der Aart, S. A., W. van der Lugt, Y. S. Badyal, and P. Verkerk. "Swimming clusters in thallium-rich liquid caesium–thallium alloys." Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids 250-252 (August 1999): 241–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-3093(99)00121-0.

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39

Kunkely, Horst, and Arnd Vogler. "Optical Properties of Thallium(I) Perrhenate. Thallium-Localized Phosphorescence." Monatshefte f�r Chemie / Chemical Monthly 135, no. 1 (2004): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00706-003-0103-4.

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40

Zorina, N., A. Skudra, G. Revalde, and A. Abola. "Studies of Thallium Line Spectra in Thallium – Mercury Discharge." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1289 (July 2019): 012044. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1289/1/012044.

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41

Howarth, S., J. Prytulak, S. H. Little, S. J. Hammond, and M. Widdowson. "Thallium concentration and thallium isotope composition of lateritic terrains." Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 239 (October 2018): 446–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2018.04.017.

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42

Mijošek, Tatjana, Vlatka Filipović Marijić, Zrinka Dragun, et al. "Thallium accumulation in different organisms from karst and lowland rivers of Croatia under wastewater impact." Environmental Chemistry 17, no. 2 (2020): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/en19165.

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Environmental contextDespite thallium’s high toxicity, water solubility and bioaccumulation tendency, its ecotoxicological relevance is largely unknown. We investigated thallium concentrations in fish, amphipods and parasitic worms from a karst freshwater ecosystem, and estimated total and cytosolic thallium concentrations in intestine of fish from the karst and lowland rivers impacted by wastewater inflow. The study provides the first data on dietary thallium accumulation in the intestine of freshwater fishes. AbstractThe aim of the present research was to investigate the bioaccumulation of t

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43

Cheam, Ven. "Thallium Contamination of Water in Canada." Water Quality Research Journal 36, no. 4 (2001): 851–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.2001.046.

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Abstract Thallium is highly toxic but has been an obscure element compared to its three popular neighbours, lead, mercury and cadmium. It is partly due to the scarcity of its analytical data, caused by its high analytical detection limit relative to the other three elements and by its generally low level in the environment. We have developed a highly sensitive instrument, a Laser-Excited Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometer, to study thallium contamination in some important Canadian ecosystems from the Arctic (containing very low thallium concentration) to coal-related industries across Canada and

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44

Babanly, Dunya Mahammad, Qorkhmaz Mansur Huseynov, Ziya Saxaveddin Aliev, Dilgam Babir Tagiyev, and Mahammad Baba Babanly. "Thermodynamic Study of Tl6SBr4 Compound and Some Regularities in Thermodynamic Properties of Thallium Chalcohalides." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2017 (2017): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/5370289.

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The solid-phase diagram of the Tl-TlBr-S system was clarified and the fundamental thermodynamic properties of Tl6SBr4 compound were studied on the basis of electromotive force (EMF) measurements of concentration cells relative to a thallium electrode. The EMF results were used to calculate the relative partial thermodynamic functions of thallium in alloys and the standard integral thermodynamic functions (-ΔfG0, -ΔfH0, and S0298) of Tl6SBr4 compound. All data regarding thermodynamic properties of thallium chalcogen-halides are generalized and comparatively analyzed. Consequently, certain regul

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45

Dygdafa, R. S., R. Bobkowski, E. Lisicki, and J. Szudy. "Pressure Effects of Neon and Argon on the 535 nm Thallium Line." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 42, no. 6 (1987): 559–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-1987-0606.

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Experimental studies of collisional broadening and shift of the 535 nm thallium line perturbed by neon and argon were performed using a pressure-scanned Fabry-Perot interferometer. The 535 nm line was excited by irradiation of the thallium vapour with the resonance thallium line (377.68 nm). The present results are compared with previous experimental data obtained by different methods as well as with theoretical ones.

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46

Shiga, Hideaki, Hiroshi Wakabayashi, Kohshin Washiyama, et al. "Thallium-201 Imaging in Intact Olfactory Sensory Neurons with Reduced Pre-Synaptic Inhibition In Vivo." Molecular Neurobiology 57, no. 12 (2020): 4989–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12035-020-02078-y.

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Abstract In this study, we determined whether the 201Tl (thallium-201)-based olfactory imaging is affected if olfactory sensory neurons received reduced pre-synaptic inhibition signals from dopaminergic interneurons in the olfactory bulb in vivo. The thallium-201 migration rate to the olfactory bulb and the number of action potentials of olfactory sensory neurons were assessed 3 h following left side nasal administration of rotenone, a mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I inhibitor that decreases the number of dopaminergic interneurons without damaging the olfactory sensory neurons in the

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47

Ara, Irene, Jesús R. Berenguer, Juan Forniés, Julio Gómez, Elena Lalinde, and Rosa I. Merino. "A Polymeric Platinum(II)−Thallium(I) Complex Stabilized by Alkynyl−Thallium and Platinum−Thallium Bonding Interactions." Inorganic Chemistry 36, no. 27 (1997): 6461–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ic970546v.

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48

Bružaitė, Ingrida, and Vitalijus Janickis. "The influence of process conditions on the formation of thallium sulfide layers on polyethylene by the use of higher polythionic acid H2S33O6." Open Chemistry 11, no. 4 (2013): 629–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11532-012-0198-8.

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AbstractThallium sulfide layers of varying composition form on the surface of low-density polyethylene (PE) when the PE films have been sulfurized in a solution of higher polythionic acid H2S33O6, and then immersed in the alkaline solution of thallium (I) sulfate. The concentration of sulfur sorbed-diffused into PE surface increases with the increase of the sulfurization time and concentration of higher polythionic acid solution. The concentration of thallium in the Tlx Sy layers depends on the sulfur concentration sorbed-diffused into PE, the concentration, and temperature of thallium (I) sul

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49

Brown, David R., Barbara G. Callahan, Mark A. Cleaves, and Robert A. Schatz. "Thallium Induced Changes in Behavioral Patterns: Correlation With Altered Lipid Peroxidation and Lysosomal Enzyme Activity in Brain Regions of Male Rats." Toxicology and Industrial Health 1, no. 1 (1985): 81–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/074823378500100109.

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The effects of exposures to low levels of heavy metals is a complex and serious problem. Thallium is a metal which produces behavioral sequelae in human poisoning and is potentially hazardous with low level exposures. A test battery is presented which utilizes biochemical and behavioral testing to assess the effects of low levels of thallium on central nervous system chemistry and function in rats. The doses of thallium used (4 and 8 mg/kg) produced no overt signs of behavioral toxicity but did produce dose-related increases in lipid peroxidation and activation of the lysosomal enzyme beta-gal

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50

Cambie, Richard C., David S. Larsen, Peter S. Rutledge, and Paul D. Woodgate. "Iodination of Thallium(I) Salts of Phenols." Australian Journal of Chemistry 50, no. 7 (1997): 767. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/c97051.

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