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1
K, UMA, and SRISANKARI . "YIELD GAP ANALYSIS IN RICE: THANJAVUR DISTRICT." Madras Agricultural Journal 82, April (1995): 313–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.29321/maj.10.a01197.
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Yield gap was estimated for rice in Thanjavur district for three regions (old delta, new delta and coastal regions) and for dominant varieties only, covering 90 respondents during samba season for the year 1990-91. Yield gap I was highest in ADT 39 (9.2 kg per ha) followed by CO 43 and CR 1009 (679.6 kg). Yield Gap II was highest in CR 1009 (2011.7 kg) followed by CO 43 and ADT 39 (1506.35 kg).
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Sathyamoorthy, N. K., R. Jagannathan, and A. P. Ramaraj. "Rainfall Profile of Cauvery Delta Zone of Tamil Nadu." Current World Environment 11, no. 2 (2016): 524–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/cwe.11.2.21.
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Thanjavur and Nagapattinam districts of Cauvery Delta Zone (CDZ) depend on canal irrigation for agriculture and are subjected to the vagaries of monsoon. This creates water crisis and affects agriculture of the region considered as rice bowl of Tamil Nadu. This necessitated the study of rainfall to plan and mitigate water scarcity. Rainfall data from Adhirampattinam, Aduthurai stations of Thanjavur district (Inland) and Nagapattinam station (Coastal area of Nagapattinam district) were utilized for the study. Normal rainfall of CDZ is 956 mm; Nagapattinam receives highest (1350 mm) and aduthurai (994 mm) recorded lowest. November is the wettest month for all locations while driest month differs among locations. Northeast monsoon (NEM) was considered as stable monsoon for CDZ as could be seen from the seasonal mean of 641 mm, 620 mm and 919 mm recorded by Adhirampattinam, Aduthurai and Nagapattinam, respectively. Trend analysis of seasons revealed that Adhirampattinam and Nagapattinam follow a decreasing trend for rainfall and rainydays during NEM and Southwest monsoon (SWM), with an increasing trend for Hot weather period (HWP) and Cold weather period (CWP). An interesting deviation is that Aduthurai recording an increasing trend for NEM while it followed same trend for HWP and SWM.
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K, UMA, and SRI SANKARI. "RESOURCE USE EFFICIENCY IN RICE." Madras Agricultural Journal 82, june augest (1995): 485–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.29321/maj.10.a01242.
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Resource use efficiency in rice was studied in Thanjavur district. Totally 90 respondents were interviewed personally for this study for three dominant varieties. It revealed that human labour contribution to rice yield and dummies used for regions like new and old delts was significant. Farmers were using higher seed rate. New delta performs better than old and coastal regions.
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C., R. Rathika. "IRRIGATION SYSTEM IN THANJAVUR DISTRICT UNDER THE CHOLAS." International Journal of Interdisciplinary Research in Arts and Humanities 1, no. 1 (2017): 198–200. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.227088.
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Tanjavur is bounded on the north by south arcot district, on the south by Pudukottai district, on the east by the Bay of Bengal and on the west by the Trichirapalli district the city municipal limit is within an area of 40sq km the present population is around 2,405,890 people. The chola kingdom was one of the ancient lands in the ninth century A.D in south India. It is referred to in the mahabharatas, the indica of magasthenese, the inscriptions of Ashoka, the mahavamsa, and the periplus of the Erythrean sea. Bounded by the two rivers, the pennar and velar, the chola kingdom grew up in Tanjore, Trichirapalli and Pudukottai Region. The Cholas as a dynasty date back to the Sangam period (second century B.C to second century A.D) but disappear from the south Indian scene at the end of it not be heard of till the rise of the house of vijayalaya in the 9th century A.D)A predominantly delta area lying along the west of the Bay of Bengal. Thanjavur is the called know as ‘rice bowl of Tamilnadu state’. One of thirty-two district, alone accounts for nearly one-fourth of the total areas under paddy and more than a quarter of the total output of paddy cultivation in and around Thanjavur district. Historically the area has been benefited by the availability of natural flow of irrigation from a number of rivers which pass through the region. The largest of these the Cauvery, has a length of 500 miles from its source in neighbouring Mysore state to outlet in eastern Thanjavur. Altogether the Cauvery and its tributaries irrigate about 1,700,000 acres in Tamilnadu. More than two-third of the delta area is concentrated in Thajavur region.
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PAVITHRAPRIYA, S., A. RAMACHANDRAN, SN AHAMEDIBRAHIM, and K. PALANIVELU. "Climate variability trend and extreme indices for the Thanjavur Delta region of Tamil Nadu in South India." MAUSAM 73, no. 2 (2022): 237–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v73i2.5475.
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The Thanjavur delta region of Tamil Nadu vastly depends on agriculture. The current trend of agricultural production has been significantly affected due to changes in climatic condition. The observed parameters have been acquired from IMD (Indian Meteorological Department.) for the period 1971-2014 and CCAFS (Climate Change, Agricultural and Food Security) over the period 2015–2050 for climate trend and extremities analysis. This study indicated that observed maximum temperature (TMax) has significantly increased about 0.8 ºC, 1.5 ºC and 0.9 ºC in ARP, NPT and IMD grid respectively over the period 1971-2014. Besides that, minimum temperature (TMin) has shown an insignificant trend in ARP and NPT and a significant trend in the IMD grid (0.5 ºC) respectively. Moreover, the observed rainfall showed an insignificant trend in ARP (-3.8%), NPT (-11.1%) and IMD grid (+22.5%). The projected TMax & TMin showed a significant increasing trend ofabout1.05 °C and 1.1°C respectively and the rainfall projected to decrease insignificantly at 21% over the period 2015 to 2050. In the extreme analysis of the delta region, temperature indices showed a significant increasing trend in both the observed and future. The rainfall indices showed a larger variation in the observed and future period. The outcome of the study would be useful in framing the climate change adaptation strategies for agriculture and water sectors for the Thanjavur delta region.
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fmm, Sr Stella Mary, and Rekha M. "An Analysis of Factors Affecting Agriculture Productivity in Thanjavur District of the Cauvery Delta Region." International Journal of Economics, Business and Management Research 07, no. 01 (2023): 69–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.51505/ijebmr.2023.7107.
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Agriculture plays a vital role in achieving food and nutritional security of the country. Cauvery delta zone in Tamil Nadu is a major contributor to agriculture production in the state. But in the recent years there is a decline in production of this region and farmer's conditions has deteriorated in the delta region since 2010. Atleast 80% of land in Thanjavur district had forgone the Kuruvai crop in the last five years and there has been a noticeable decline in agricultural land in this region due to climate change. The factors like change in soil water intrusion, increase in irrigation patterns and prices of agricultural inputs leads farmers to have low incomes(Jagannathan & Ramaraj, 2016). Further, the Climate change has increased cost of production for farmers as they are forced to buy more pesticides and insecticides to resolve new crop diseases. Scarcity of water and indebtedness are the common reasons behind farmers’ suicides in the Cauvery delta region(Sabarisakthi, 2016). An understanding of the nature of landholding is required to understand the importance of agriculture to household income. According to the Agriculture Census 2010-11, Small and marginal farmers cultivating less than five acres account for 91% of all farmers in Nagapattinam, 90% in Thiruvarur and 93% in Thanjavur. The proportion of net area sown to total geographical area is more than 50% in Thanjavur and Nagapattinam and more than 70% in Thiruvarur district, highlighting the importance of agriculture. This paper studies the problems faced by the farmers in the region and reasons behind the decline in agriculture activities over the years. Furthermore, this study uses time series analysis to analyse land use and cropping patterns in the Tamil Nadu district. The results reveals that there is a decrease in net sown area and change in cropping pattern due to erratic rainfall pattern and inadequate water facilities available for irrigation in the district.
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Balasubramaniam, Ganesh Kumar, Ramesh Babu Kalyanasundaram, Ramanathan Thirunavukkarasu, Gitanjali Narendran, and Jagadeesh Natarajan. "Prevalence of Otorhinolaryngeal Malignancies in Thanjavur Delta Region—A Prospective Study." International Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery 05, no. 02 (2016): 39–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ijohns.2016.52007.
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K., Manimaran, Balakrishnan S., Sangeetha A., Dhanalakshmi, M.K., and Sivakumar T. "Molecular Prevalence of Mycoplasma capri in Thanjavur region." Issue 1 (September - October) 1, no. 1 (2020): 38–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.51128/jfas.2020.a007.
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Goat rearing has emerged as a significant resource in rural areas even under unfavorable environmental conditions. Goat population in India has grown over the past few decades and stands at 148.88 million during 2019 (Census, 2019) owing to their greater socio-economic relevance. Goats, while being generally resistant to diseases, are highly susceptible to respiratory diseases, which account for almost 50% mortality amongst them. Irrespective of the etiology, the infectious respiratory diseases of sheep and goats contribute to 5.6% of the total diseases of small ruminants and is responsible for around 28.7 % mortality. Pneumonia has been noticed as one of the most frequently encountered condition and is responsible for around 28.7% mortality. Amongst various infections, Mycoplasmosis is one of the most dreaded diseases of goats. The present study was undertaken to detect the Mycoplasma capri infection in cauvery delta region of Tamil Nadu. All the collected tissue materials were subjected to isolation and PCR assay with Mycoplasma group specific primers (GPO- 1 and MGSO) which yielded 715 bp product and Mycoplasma capri specific primers (P 4 and P 6) which gave an amplicons of 195 bp products. The findings indicate that the PCR assay is very simple and useful method for detecting the mycoplasma infection directly from the tissue materials in a very short span. Keywords: Mycoplasma capri, PCR, Infection, detection and tissue materials
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Rani, A. Selva, A. Karthikeyan, and H. P. Maheswarappa. "Evaluation of Nutrient Management in Coconut Based Cropping System for Thanjavur Delta Region." International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 8, no. 12 (2019): 1972–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2019.812.235.
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Angles, S., and K. R. Jahanmohan. "Impact of mechanization on rice fallow pulses in cauvery delta zone of Tamil Nadu." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCES 18, RAAAHSTSE (2023): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.15740/has/ijps/18.raaahstse/21-26.
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The rice fallow pulses crop is one of the major crop in Thanjavur District of Tamil Nadu state, in recent years the area under rice fallow pulses are dwindling due to use of heavy machinery like combine harvesters and tractor mounted balers. Hence, this study was conducted with an objective to assess the impact of mechanization on the rice fallow pulse and to quantify the economic loss due to non-cultivation of rice fallow pulses. Multistage Stratified Random Sampling method was employed for drawing the 100 numbers of samples farm households from Kumbakonam and Orathanadu blocks of Thanjavur district.Among the various consequences, season skipping was the main consequence of heavy machinery usage in rice farming on pulses cultivation in both the study blocks. The reduction in yield of fallow pulses to the tune of more than 50 per cent was felt as the major impact of mechanization in rice farming. Farmers in both the study blocks have cited that the reduction in yield was the major impact which was due to sub optimal plant population due to use of combine harvesters and tractor mounted balers. Non-availability of labour and associated higher cost for labourers was the prime for preference of heavy machineries like combine harvesters and balers in rice farming. It is suggested for development of paddy harvesters specifically for the regions where rice fallow pulses were practices, promotion of irrigated pulses in alternate season and to extend the price incentive which would incentivize the farmers to bring more area under pulses crops.
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Angles, S., and K. R. Jahanmohan. "Impact of mechanization on rice fallow pulses in cauvery delta zone of Tamil Nadu." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCES 18, no. 2 (2023): 110–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.15740/has/ijps/18.2/110-115.
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The rice fallow pulses crop is one of the major crop in Thanjavur District of Tamil Nadu state, in recent years the area under rice fallow pulses are dwindling due to use of heavy machinery like combine harvesters and tractor mounted balers. Hence, this study was conducted with an objective to assess the impact of mechanization on the rice fallow pulse and to quantify the economic loss due to non-cultivation of rice fallow pulses. Multistage Stratified Random Sampling method was employed for drawing the 100 numbers of samples farm households from Kumbakonam and Orathanadu blocks of Thanjavur district.Among the various consequences, season skipping was the main consequence of heavy machinery usage in rice farming on pulses cultivation in both the study blocks. The reduction in yield of fallow pulses to the tune of more than 50 per cent was felt as the major impact of mechanization in rice farming. Farmers in both the study blocks have cited that the reduction in yield was the major impact which was due to sub optimal plant population due to use of combine harvesters and tractor mounted balers. Non-availability of labour and associated higher cost for labourers was the prime for preference of heavy machineries like combine harvesters and balers in rice farming. It is suggested for development of paddy harvesters specifically for the regions where rice fallow pulses were practices, promotion of irrigated pulses in alternate season and to extend the price incentive which would incentivize the farmers to bring more area under pulses crops.
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Prakash, M. Ajay, S. Pazhanivelan, D. Muthumanickam, K. P. Ragunath, and A. P. Sivamurugan. "Mapping Rice Area in the Cauvery Delta Zone of Tamil Nadu Using Sentinel 1A Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Data." International Journal of Environment and Climate Change 13, no. 10 (2023): 195–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i102630.
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Since remote sensing based crop inventory provides accurate and timely information as compared to the conventional survey methods of estimating area, Multi-temporal Sentinel 1A Synthetic Aperture Radar data was used for the estimation of rice area during Samba season 2022 in the Cauvery delta zone comprising Thanjavur, Thiruvaru, Mayiladuthurai, and Nagapatnam districts of Tamil Nadu. SAR data was preferred over optical satellite data due to excess cloud cover during cropping the major season in Tamil Nadu. Temporal back-scatter (dB) signature of rice crop was generated from the multi-temporal processed SAR data utilizing the modules of a fully automated MAPscape software aiding the discriminating of the crop from others. The signatures revealed that the dB levels to be the lowest during agronomic floods, reached the highest during maximum tillering stage and started declining thereafter. Multi-temporal feature extraction module of Mapscape was used to estimate rice area and validated for accuracy using ground truth data collected during survey. A total of 3.05 lakh ha of rice area was estimated with an overall accuracy of 90.8 % and 0.82 kappa coefficient. Largest area of 1.12 lakh ha was recorded in Thanjavur followed by Thiruvarur and Mayiladuthurai with 0.95 and 0.51 lakh ha respectively.
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Anbazhagan, P., M. Theradimani, V. Ramamoorthy, P. Vellaikumar, S. Juliet hepziba, and R. Oviya. "Survey and surveillance on rice false smut disease severity in Tamil Nadu and the influence of wind velocity on disease progression under field conditions." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 14, no. 3 (2022): 938–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v14i3.3706.
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The false smut disease of rice incited by Ustilaginoidea virens is a major constraint on rice production. The main aim of the present study was to ascertain the false smut disease severity in both delta and non-delta districts of Tamil Nadu through survey and surveillance and assess the correlation between the disease severity and wind velocity for the past three years, 2019, 2020 and 2021. Moreover, the present study addressed the disease distribution pattern of false smut diseases under field conditions. The results obtained from survey results revealed that the maximum disease severity was recorded in Nagapattinam district (Nagapattinam block) with 27.45% and the minimum disease severity was recorded in the district Theni (Bodinayakanur block) with 8% in 2021. Similarly in 2019 and 2020 maximum disease severity was recorded in the following districts Thanjavur district (Orathanadu block) with 19.91% and Thanjavur district (Peravurani block) with 18.54% and the minimum disease severity was recorded in the following districts Madurai district (Madurai north block) with 4.78% and Madurai district (Usilampatti block) with 4.78% respectively. The obtained R2 values through regression analysis were 0.70, 0.79 and 0.76 in the following years, 2019, 2020 and 2021, respectively. Besides the relationship between the false smut disease development, the pattern wind direction was also assessed. By assessing the false smut disease distribution pattern under field conditions, more disease distribution was observed around the surrounding area of the paddy field as well as the diagonal path of the field which clearly revealed that wind direction influences the disease development.
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S, RAMASAMY, CHANDRASEKARAN B, AROKIARAJ A, and CHINNASWAMY K.N. "CROPPING SYSTEM STUDIES IN SANDY LOAM SOILS OF THE CAUVERY NEW DELTAIC AREAS." Madras Agricultural Journal 78, september December (1991): 365–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.29321/maj.10.a01880.
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A field trial was conducted at Agricultural Research Station, Pattukkottai with ten different systems during 1984-1986 to evolve a suitable cropping system for the sandy loam soils of new delta of Thanjavur District. The results indicated that there is a possibility to introduce a four crop sequence (rice-blackgram-gingelly-greengram within a field duration of 340 days) with highest net profit (Rs. 21, 457 ha) and high cost benefit ratio (3.61). The existing rice-groundnut-maize may be improved by intercropping groundnut with blackgram or soybean. Gingelly and blackgram can be cultivated either in the second season (Dec.-Apr.) or in the third season (May-Aug.).
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K., Susmitha, Velmurugan D., Sita Devi K., and Babu S. "Mapping Climatic Vulnerability in Cauvery Delta Region of Tamil Nadu." Environment and Ecology 43, no. 1A (2025): 185–89. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/vgie8642.
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Climatic vulnerability is an emerging concept for understanding the impacts of climate change and its policy implications. It refers to the degree to which a system is susceptible to, or unable to cope with, the adverse effects of climate change, including climate variability and extremes. Climate change significantly impacts agriculture, causing damage to crop productivity, food security, and economic stability. In India, about 80% of the population resides in highly vulnerable districts. The southern part of India is particularly susceptible to extreme climate events. This study attempts to map the vulnerability of the Cauvery Delta Region in Tamil Nadu using the Composite Vulnerability Index (CVI) and to classify districts into categories ranging from highly vulnerable to least vulnerable. The results of the study identify district as the most vulnerable, Cuddalore with a CVI of 0.65, followed by Nagapattinam (CVI: 0.52), Thiruvarur (CVI: 0.49), Perambalur (CVI: 0.44), Ariyalur (0.36). Pudukkottai and Tiruchirappalli (CVI: 0.34 each) and Thanjavur (CVI: 0.32) are categorized as less vulnerable districts. This classification is crucial for planning effective remedial measures to mitigate the impacts of climate change and enhance the resilience of the region.
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B., Stephen Inbaraj, Sridharan R., Nandhakumar V., and Sulochana N. "Sorption of mercury(II) by an adsorbent derived from fruit shell of Terminalia catappa." Journal of Indian Chemical Society Vol. 83, May 2006 (2006): 446–52. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5819334.
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Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli-620 015, Tamilnadu, India E-mail : sinbaraj@yahoo.com sulochan@nitt.edu Department of Chemistry, A. Veeriya Vandayar Memorial Sri Pushpam College (Autonomous), Poondi, Thanjavur-613 503, Tamilnadu, India <em>Manuscript received 13 April 2005, revised 20 October 2005, accepted 21 February 2006</em> A carbon sorbent derived from the fruit shell of Indian almond (Terminalia catappa) by sulphuric acid treatment was used for the removal of mercury(II) from aqueous solution. Maximum uptake occurred in the pH range of 5 to 6. The kinetics of sorption conformed well to modified second order model among the other kinetic models (pseudo first order and pseudo second order) tested. The Langmuir isotherm defined the equilibrium data more precisely compared to Freundlich isotherm and the monolayer sorption capacity determined was 94.43 mg g<sup>-1</sup> at pH 5.0 and at room tem perature(305 K). Sorption capacity increased with increase in temperature and the thermodynamic parameters, ΔH<sup>º</sup>, ΔS<sup>º</sup> andΔG<sup>º</sup>,indicated the Hg<sup>II</sup> sorption to be endothermic and spontaneous with a greater affinity of Hg<sup>II</sup> species for the sorbent. About 60% of Hg<sup>II</sup> was recovered from the spent carbon at pH 1.0, while 94% was desorbed using 1.0% KI solution.
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Bama, K. Sathiya, K. R. Babu, R. Sharmila, and A. Anuradha. "Influence of nitrogen application on direct seeded rice in old and new Cauvery Delta zone of Tamil Nadu, India." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 13, no. 4 (2021): 1462–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v13i4.3095.
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Direct seeded rice is a boon to farmers where the water release from the reservoir is delayed. Nitrogen fertiliser management is one of the strategies bto rectify the nutrient-related issue in Direct seeded rice. The present study aimed to optimize the nitrogen dose for direct-seeded rice in the new and old Cauvery delta zone of Tamil Nadu. Field experiments were conducted during kuruvai and samba seasons at Tamil Nadu Rice Research Institute, Aduthurai and Agricultural research station Thanjavur representing old and new Cauvery delta regions during 2019-20 and 2020-21. Totally from eight experiments, the results of four field experiments in each location revealed the highest grain yield in the treatment T6 -application of 150 kg Nha-1 (5596kg/ha) which was statistically on par with treatment T5 -125kg N/ha (5326 kg/ha) in old delta and new delta. The higher grain yield was recorded in the T6 (5140 kg/ha), statistically on par with T5 (4550 kg/ha). The higher available nitrogen content of 312 kg/ ha,292 kg/ha was recorded for N application @ 150kg/ha, which was statistically on par with 309 kg/ha and 289 kg/ha, respectively, both the kuruvai and samba seasons for N application of 125 kg/ha. In the new CDZ, the same trend was followed as that of the old delta. Based on economics, N applied @125 kg/ha recorded a higher BC ratio for direct-seeded rice. For the benefit of farmers of both deltaic regions, the nitrogen application of 125 kg ha-1 for direct-seeded rice is recommended.
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Arunachalam, Veeramani. "Food and Feeding Habits of Cattle Egret (Bubulcus ibis) in Thanjavur District, Tamil Nadu." International Journal of Zoology and Animal Biology 6, no. 6 (2023): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/izab-16000539.
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The cattle egret (Bubulcus ibis) is a cosmopolitan species of heron (family Ardeidae) and they are found in the tropics, subtropics and warm temperate zones. The cattle egret and grazing cattle in close association is a classic example of commensalism. Their feeding habitats include seasonally flooded grasslands, pastures, farmlands, wetlands and rice. They often accompany cattle or other large mammals, catching insect and small vertebrate prey disturbed by these animals. This study is a first attempt in the Cauvery delta region where the abundance and distribution of cattle egrets which are common. The study was conducted in the villages such as Thugili and Kanjanur which are situated in Thiruvidaimaruthur Taluk of Thanjavur District of Tamil Nadu. The methods used for this study was direct observation involves following the birds early in the morning between 7. 00 am and 10.00 am and 4.00 pm - 6.00 pm in the evening. The observation was made on birds for feeding directly on the field. Samples of the food material eaten by the birds were collected for further observation. It fed mainly on arthropods species such as grasshoppers, cricket, catterpillers, flies, termites, ants, rarely on ticks and spiders and very rarely on plants which makes the bird to be an omnivorous. The diet of cattle egret reveals that order Orthopteran insects were the highest percentage (33.33%). This study recommends that all efforts should be taken to reduce further decline in the population of this birds so as to improve its conservation status in the environment.
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Yamunarani, K., S. Sangeetha, K. Chitra, K. Dhanalakshmi, and V. Dhanushkodi. "Developing Biocontrol Strategies for the Management of Set rot Disease of Sugarcane under Wider Row Planting." Journal of Scientific Research and Reports 29, no. 12 (2023): 67–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jsrr/2023/v29i121828.
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Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) is one of the economically valuable agricultural crops grown worldwide in tropical and subtropical areas mainly for their sugar source. Among the 110 sugarcane cultivated countries, India and Brazil contribute half of global production [1]. During the period of last five decades the production, productivity and sugarcane recovery has also shown remarkable resilience in productivity growth rate. One of the reasons for the low productivity and recovery is increasing incidence of insect pests and diseases. An ecologically friendly alternative to these problems is biological control using rhizobacteria and their metabolic products [2]. In order to develop a technology capsule Surveys and surveillance were conducted in sugarcane fields both in plant and ratoon crops distributed in Orthanadu and Vallam block in New Cauvery delta area of Thanjavur dictrict during three consecutive years 2019- 22 with an objective to assess the incidence of sett rot, red rot and smut in New Cauvery delta area of Thanjavur dictrict. Fortnightly fixed plot observation was taken. The Maximium and minimum temperature, RH and quantity of rain and rainy days also recorded daily and consolidated on monthly basis and weather parameters were correlated with the incidence of disease. The results revealed that the maximum incidence sett rot negatively correlated with temperature. Similarly the number of rainy days and rainfall is positively correlated (r = 0.7523) with incidence of sett rot. For managing sett rot disease of sugarcane through biological approach, studies were conducted on biocontrol agents viz., Trichoderma asperellum (TNAU), Bacillus subtilis (TNAU), Chaetomium globosum (Cg6) with fungicide check propiconozole 0.1%. Among the treatment, highest millable cane (91,080/ha) and yield (91.39 tonnes / ha) and sugar yield ( 10.63 tonnes/ha) were recorded in M1- (Single bud treated with Trichoderma asperellum (TNAU)@ 4 g l-1 + soil application @ 2.5 kg ha-1) followed by M2- (Single bud treated with Bacillus subtilis (TNAU)@ 10 g l-1 + soil application @ 2.5 kg ha-1) in which, the cane yield of 88.54 tonnes/ha and sugar yield of 10.68 tonnes/ha were recorded. This study provides a technology capsule for the management of important disease of sugarcane.
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Chelladurai, K., and Sudhir Yadav. "Land gradient and configuration effects on yield, irrigation amount and irrigation water productivity in dry direct seeded rice and non-puddle transplanted rice in cauvery delta zone." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES 18, CIABASSD (2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.15740/has/ijas/18-ciabassd/1-11.
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Field experiments were conducted in two different locations in the Cauvery delta zone - viz., old delta at Tamil Nadu Rice Research Institute (TRRI) Aduthurai, and new delta at Soil and Water Management Research Institute (SWMRI), Kattuthottam, Thanjavur.Laser levelling with 0% gradient significantly reduced irrigation amount and/or increased irrigation water productivity (WPi) in all crops/systems grown on the flat compared to farmer leveling practice. However, water advancement rate in farmer’s field generally very low because of flat configuration and or sub – optimal flow rate, resulting in high rates of drainage below root zone, more so at the head end of the field than tail end because of longer period of flooding of soil surface at the head end.It is hypothesized that formation of a uniform gradient from the head to tail end of the field increase the water advancement rate, reduce irrigation input and increase irrigation water productivity.Experiments were conducted during Kharif (Kuruvai) 2014, late Samba 2014 - 15 and Kharif (Kuruvai) 2015 at TRRI, Aduthurai and during early Kuruvai 2014, Samba 2014 - 15 and early Kuruvai 2015 at SWMRI, Kattuthottam, Thanjavur to evaluate the effect of land gradient on water and rice crop and water productivity. The experiments were laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three land slope treatments in which three observations are taken on each plots (16 m x 50 m) (at the head, middle and tail of the plot) and three replications (blocks) in dry direct seeded rice (DSR) and non – puddle machine transplanted rice (NPTR). The slopes studied are T1 - 0.0 per cent slope,T2 - 0.1 per cent slope (5 cm gradient in 50 m run) and T3 - 0.2 per cent slope (10 cm gradient in 50 m run) with precise leveling. Short duration (100 – 110 d) rice variety ADT (R) 45 was raised as a test variety in the field experiments conducted during early Kuruvai and Kuruvai seasons in both the experimental sites. For Samba / late Samba season, long duration (135 – 150 d) rice variety CR 1009 was used in both the experimental sites. With regard to different slope gradients, it was worked out as 2159 litres as water requirement to produce 1 kg of rice under 0.1 per cent slope as against 2566 litres in 0.0 per cent slope across the seasons which indicated a water saving of 407 litres (15.8%) of water per kg of rice at Aduthurai location, whereas it was 661 litres (20.7%) at Thanjavur experimental site. The results further suggested that the effect of land slope gradients was explicitly pronounced more in the sandy loamy soils as compared to clayey loamy soils.
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R. Emaiya, E. Sumathi, V. G. Mathirajan, S. V. Krishnamoorthy, N. Sathiah, and K. Venkatesan. "Development of IPM module for rhinoceros beetle (Oryctes rhinoceros L.) in juvenile coconut garden." Ecology, Environment and Conservation 28, no. 04 (2022): 2116–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.53550/eec.2022.v28i04.071.
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Coconut (Cocos nucifera) is an important crucial plantation crop and prone to many pests and diseases. Rhinoceros beetle (Oryctes rhinoceros L.) is an important pest that causes damage and reduce the yield. During 2018, Gaja cyclone affected the coconut plantations in delta regions of Thanjavur, Thiruvarur and Nagapattinm Districts. Rhinoceros beetle was found to inflict severe damage in replanted young coconut seedlings. The present study was carried out to mitigate the damage due to rhinoceros beetle in coconut gardens. Shoot damage of 14.07, 11.36, and 18.17 per cent was recorded in Module - I recommended practice, Module - II IPM and module - III farmers’ practice respectively. The maximum shoot damage reduction of 37.48 per cent was observed over farmers’ practice recorded in Module - II IPM followed by recommended practice (22.56%). Module - II IPM was found to be effective against rhinoceros beetles than recommended practice and farmers’ practice.
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E. Tamileniyan, M. Jeevitha, A. Latchumikanthan, et al. "INCIDENCE OF ECTO AND ENDO PARASITES IN INDIAN PEAFOWLS (PAVO CRISTATUS) FROM THANJAVUR CAUVERY DELTA REGION OF TAMIL NADU." Indian Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Research 54, no. 3 (2025): 23–32. https://doi.org/10.56093/ijvasr.v54i3.167498.
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Free-range peafowls are commonly affected with mixed parasitic infections, which need to be diagnosed and treated for maintaining the eco-biological balance. The present paper investigated the ecto and endo parasitic infections in peafowls (Pavo cristatus) from various parts of Cauvery delta region of Tamil Nadu. Twelve peafowls of different age and sex were brought with different clinical signs during 2022-24. Faecal samples revealed the presence of eggs of helminths Ascaridia sp., Capillaria sp., Hymenolepis sp., gravid segments of Raillietina cesticillus and protozoal infection with Eimeria pavonina and E.mayurai. The ectoparasites from various body surface were identified as Colphocephalum tausi, Goniodespavonis, Menacanthus sp., Menopon sp., lice and adult and nymphal stages of Haemaphysalis sp., tick.
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Sabarisakthi, M. "An Exploration on Farm Crisis and Suicides in the Cauvery Delta Districts of Tamil Nadu." Shanlax International Journal of Economics 7, no. 4 (2019): 84–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/economics.v7i4.646.
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The Cauvery delta is the most productive food bowls in India and which cultivates more than 70 percent of paddy in Tamil Nadu. However, the situation of farmers suicides is alarming and leading to farm suicides manifested from the fragile situation during 2017, since farmer suicides are rare in this region. In this context, this study is taken-up and used descriptive research design with both primary and secondary data source. Empirical data have been collected from the 21 victim farmers’ households of three Cauvery districts of Thanjavur, Thiruvarur, and Nagapattinam. The empirical research found several causes: the scarcity of water and drought are the major causes of the present agrarian crisis. It is reported that every victim farmers of the study area borrowed for crop cultivation and unable to repay the borrowings on time due to crop failure. The victim farmers are disappointed by the crop failure, agriculture policies, and schemes are failed to compensate for their needs. Thus, safety net measures like crop insurance and allowances may be provided as immediate relief from debts. Intensive counseling at the household level is another intervention, which may reduce the suicides immediately. Local educational institutions and their community service wings may be utilized for educating and counseling the distress farmers.
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R, NARAYANASAMY, PALANIAPPAN SP, and VEERABADRAN V. "EFFECT OF IRRIGATION REGIMES AND SEED TREATMENT ON DRY SEEDED IRRIGATED SHORT DURATION KHARIF RICE (KURUVAI) IN THANJAVUR DELTA." Madras Agricultural Journal 78, september December (1991): 398–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.29321/maj.10.a01890.
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An experiment conducted to study the effect of pre flowering moisture stress and seed. hardening in short duration Kharifrice revealed that moisture stress at vegetative stage affected the tillering and panicle production but not the grains panicle, thousand grain weight, grain yield and harvest index. Seed hardening of rice cv.TKM.9 with succinic acid 100 ppm increased the root length, root dry matter, production of panicles, test weight of grain and increased the grain yield by 12.5 per cent over untreated seeds. Maintaining a dry seeded rice crop at weekly wetting with 40 mm of water upto 45 days from germination has registered a saving of 62 per cent of irrigation water compared to continuous wetting without sacrificing the grain yield.
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Ariav, Talia. "Nīlakaṇṭha Dīkṣita: An independent poet of the Kaveri delta, or: The forgotten model of genealogical authorship". Indian Economic & Social History Review 59, № 3 (2022): 273–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00194646221109291.
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Nīlakaṇṭha Dīkṣita is widely recognised as one of the leading figures of early modern Sanskrit literature. He is also remembered—in popular narratives and in academic circles alike—as a minister at Tirumalai Nāyaka’s court in Madurai. This essay offers a corrective to this story and reflects on the historiographical mishaps that shaped it. I show that Nīlakaṇṭha lived most of his life around Thanjavur in the Kaveri delta and left no trace of an affiliation with a court or a patron. Rather, he took pride in being an independent author and teacher. I then take the opportunity to propose a forgotten model of authorship that Nīlakaṇṭha embodied. I suggest thinking of Nīlakaṇṭha as a ‘genealogical poet’, committed exclusively to his lineage of male family members and teachers. His genealogical commitments go hand in hand with an active teaching career, a radical interpretation of an existing literary and economical ideal of writerly independence (sarvatantrasvatantra) and a confidence in the survival of his legacy through future generations of students and family members. The genealogical economy also gives rise to an aesthetics and ethics of intimacy that shape Nīlakaṇṭha’s distinctive authorial signature. While I would argue that Nīlakaṇṭha is a genealogical poet par excellence, this model may be applied in different measures and constellations to other figures and contribute to a better understanding of the social realities that shape literary and intellectual histories of early modern South Asia and beyond.
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Dr, Veeramani G., and V.Suganya Ms. "A Study On Usage Of E-Commerce In Agricultural Sector During Covid 19 With Special Reference To Thanjavur- Dist (Tn)." International Journal of Advance and Applied Research 10, no. 2 (2022): 297–302. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7523708.
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Any nation's total development can be solved by agriculture. People who engage in any form of agricultural business continue to use the internet more and more. All towns have been impacted by the COVID 19 health issue. Frontline Countries place a high priority on health responders in order to save the lives of those who are afflicted with this sickness. After the Coronavirus outbreak, the government acted to address the unusual circumstance. In order to adequately control the virus epidemic, India first scheduled a three-week nationwide lockdown till the middle of April. How Indian farmers respond to the problem in these trying times, and what steps the government is taking to assist farmers all around the nation. The study's major goal is to examine how the agricultural industry was affected by e-commerce during the Covid 19 outbreak. Samples from farmers in the Thanjavur delta districts were used in the investigation. Examining the e-commerce sources chosen for the farm industry, the justifications for doing so, and the overall satisfaction with how e-commerce was used in the agriculture sector in 2018–19 are the goals of the study. The outcome shows that farmers began to gain from using e-commerce in their farming. The study's conclusions recommend that the government take a little more initiative in educating them and providing them with agricultural inputs with subsidies.
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B, Puvarajan, Lurthureetha T, and Sivakumar T. "Isolation, characterisation and prevalence pattern of bacterial flora on pneumonic cases of goats slaughtered at Thanjavur abattoir, Cauvery Delta Zone, Tamilnadu." Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 8, no. 6 (2020): 738–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.22271/j.ento.2020.v8.i6j.7932.
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R, NAGARAJAN, and MANICKAM T.S. "OPTIMISING ZINC APPLICATION IN RICE SOILS OF TAMIL NADU." Madras Agricultural Journal 73, January (1986): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.29321/maj.10.a02219.
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Zinc deficiency in flooded rice soils is considered as the most widespread and. perhaps the vital yield limting factor in maximising rice production. This zinc deficiency is caused by continued rice culture with high yielding varieties using high analysis fertilizers and also dispensing with organic manuring. Nine field experiments were carried out to study the effect of zinc application at 0, 25. 50 and 75 kg ZnSOj/ha on the grain yield and dry matter production in the representative rice soils viz. Entic Pellustorts, Entic Chromusterts, Typic Haplustalfs and. Ultic Haplustalls. The results clearly indicated that application of zinc at all levels significantly increased, the grain and total dry matter production over control. Zinc at 25 kg ZnSO./he registered higher. grain and total dry matter yields. The economic optimum doses of zinc varied between 25:8 and 45.4 kg ZnSO./ha for the responsive soils (Entic Pellusterts and Entic Chromu- sterts) of old delta of Thanjavur district, A common economic dose of 35.4 kg ZnSO/ha has been arrived at as a recommendation wherever soils are deficient in soil available.. zinc (<2:0 ppm DTPA-Zn).
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Suganya, S. "Response of chilli to drip irrigation on sandy clay loam soil under Madukkur soil series (Typic ustropept) in cauvery New Delta Zone." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES 17, AAEBSSD (2021): 215–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.15740/has/ijas/17-aaebssd/215-221.
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In Tamil Nadu, one of the most important agro-climatic zone dictating the total rice production is by Cauvery Delta zone. In Cauvery Delta zone the area under rice cultivation has been reduced drastically and this situation forms the base for a paradigm shift from rice cultivation to alternate crops that requires less amount of irrigation water. Suitable alternate cropping pattern plays an important role in improving the purchasing power of farmer with the help of inclusion of commercial crops in rice based cropping system. Chilli is an important spice cum vegetable crop cultivated extensively in India. This project is indented to study the fertigation system in one of promising alternate crops in chillies in rice ecosystem. By keeping all these points in view, the present investigation was undertaken to study the response of chilli to drip irrigation on sandy clay loam soil under Madukkur soil series (Typic Ustropept) in cauvery new delta zone. Field experiment was conducted at Soil and Water Management Research Institute, Kattuthottam, Thanjavur financially supported by Department of Science and Technology under SERB programme with a budget outlay of Rs. 13.0 lakhs for three years during 2012-2015 in strip plot design with four replications. The results revealed that Sub surface drip fertigation at 10 cm depth recorded the maximum plant height, number of branches, number of flowers and number of fruits at B2 irrigation regime (IW/CPE = 0.75). Total green chillies yield was higher under sub surface drip fertigation @ 10 cm depth at IW/CPE=1 (15.59 t ha-1) followed by surface drip fertigation at IW/CPE = 0.75 (13.50 t ha-1) and sub surface drip fertigation @ 10 cm depth at IW/CPE = 0.75 (11.17 t ha-1).Thus, introduction of chillies as an alternate crop under sub surface drip fertigation @ 10 cm depth technology during January under Broad bed furrow method of cultivation paves the way for improving the social security to the rice farmers.
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Logesh, V., M. Ramasubramanian, M. A. Vennila, C. Karthikeyan, and M. Prahadeeswaran. "An Analysis of Constraints Faced by Organic Farmers in the Cauvery Delta Zone of Tamil Nadu, India." International Journal of Environment and Climate Change 13, no. 10 (2023): 888–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i102733.
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Aim: This study examines the multifaceted challenges encountered by organic farmers operating within the Cauvery Delta Region of Tamil Nadu.
 Study Design: Ex-post facto research design was used to investigate and reveal the challenges that organic farmers have encountered over the preceding years.
 Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in the Cauvery Delta Zone of Tamil Nadu. Five districts were selected for the study namely, Thanjavur, Thiruvarur, Nagapattinam, Mayiladuthurai and Tiruchirapalli. Respondents were interviewed during the period of June 2023 – July 2023.
 Methodology: The study aimed to include 40 organic farmers from each district, resulting in a collective sample size of 200 respondents across these districts, facilitated through snowball sampling technique. A well – structured interview schedule which included the major constraints faced by organic farmers of the CDZ was developed based on review of past literatures and discussion with experts in the area of organic farming. Based on the ranks given by the respondents to the constraints, the data was analyzed and conclusive results were obtained using the Rank Based Quotient (RBQ) technique. Constraints were studied in 7 different dimensions namely, labour, technical, service and supply, credit and economic, environmental, cropping and marketing constraints. 
 Results: The prime constraints with a higher RBQ values identified in these dimensions were, Labour scarcity due to MGNREGA (93.13), Cumbersome (Slow and complicated) certification process (79.90), Lack of supportive institutions for organic farming (91.80), Inadequate subsidies for organic agriculture (92.75), Use of polluted river water for irrigation (93.90), Lack of inputs specifically for weed management (96.63), Challenge in finding proper marketing channel (90.38). In addition to this, some minor issues were also identified as constraints in the study area.
 Conclusion: Through an in-depth exploration of these challenges, the study aims to provide insights that can guide policy makers, practitioners, and stakeholders in devising strategies to overcome the obstacles faced by organic farmers in the Cauvery Delta Zone which could have a threshold effect in boosting up the organic productivity of the state.
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G., Chandramohan, Deepa D., Santhakumar K., and Sumathi T. "A kinetic and mechanistic study on the oxidation of indole-3-propionic acid by peroxomonosulphate in acetonitrile medium and biological activity of the product formed." Journal of Indian Chemical Society Vol. 92, Jun 2015 (2015): 983–86. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5674462.
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Department of Chemistry, A. V. V. M. Sri Pushpam College, Poondi-613 503, Thanjavur, Tamilnadu, India Department of Chemistry, A. A. M. E. College, Kovilvenni-614 403, Tiruvarur, Tamilnadu, India Environmental & Analytical Chemistry Division, VIT University, Vellore-632 014, Tamilnadu, India <em>E-mail</em> : ksanthakumar@vit.ac.in Department of Chemistry, B. N. M. Institute of Technology, BSK 2nd stage, Bangalore-560 070, India The kinetics of oxidation of indole-3-propionic acid by peroxomonosulphate has been carried out in aqueous acetonitrile medium. Reactions were carried out at four different temperatures (288, 293, 298 and 313 K). It was observed that the rate of the reaction increases with increase in temperature of the reaction mixture. First order dependence of rate with respect to [IPA] and [PMS] was noticed. Variation of ionic strength (µ) has negligible effect on reaction rate. Rate of the reaction was not influenced by the increase in the concentration of H<sup>+</sup> ion. Increase in the percentage of acetonitrile decreases the reaction rate. Absence of free radical was confirmed by adding acrylonitrile to the reaction mixture and no polymer formation was noticed. Product analysis was carried out and the main product has been identified by IR, NMR spectral studies. Based on these above facts a suitable ionic mechanism has been proposed and hence the corresponding rate equation was derived. The biological activity such as antibacterial and antifungal activity of the product was studied in ethanol medium. The reactivity of peroxomonosulphate over IPA was found to be lower in acetic acid medium than in acetonitrile medium. The thermodynamic parameters such as <em>E<sub>a</sub> , ΔH<sup>#</sup> , ΔS<sup> #</sup> , ΔG<sup>#</sup></em> were computed. The effect of catalyst on the rate of the reaction was also carried out. The final oxidised product was analysed for its corrosion inhibition property on mild steel in acid medium.
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Mohanraj, V., P. Balasubramaniam, and M. Senthilkumar. "Risk Behavior of Small and Marginal Farmers in Cauvery Delta Zone, Tamil Nadu." International Journal of Environment and Climate Change 13, no. 3 (2023): 134–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i31691.
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Farmers’ risk preferences play an important role in agricultural production decisions, risk takers means the farmers who are willing to take risky decisions in farming, risk aversion means an attitude of reluctance to take risky decisions in farming. Climatic change effects all regions across the globe and causes substantial agitations that can be expected to be natural systems that have foreseeable influences on the economic systems of upland regions through both direct and indirect means. Risk preferences reflect the farmers’ personal experiences and beliefs, these preferences explain how the decision-maker assesses and react to risks. This study characterizes risk behaviour among marginal and small farmers in Cauvery Delta Zone and determines how these risk preferences affects the farmers. The study was conducted in Cauvery Delta zone of Thanjavur, Thiruvarur and Nagapattinam districts with a Sample size of 366 farmers which consists of 183 marginal and 183 small farmers was selected randomly based on proportionate random sampling method. The risk behavior was measured by the measure of risk attitude and two lottery methods viz., Eckel-Grossman and Holt-Laury based lottery method. Measure of risk attitude results shows that, 27.60 per cent of farmers were moderate risk taker followed by 24.30 per cent were risk averser and 15.00 per cent of farmers were risk taker. The Eckel and Grossman lottery method result shows CRRA (Constant Relative Risk Aversion) value was 0.38 to 0.67, which shows that marginal farmers were risk aversers and small farmers were moderate risk takers. The CRRA adapted from Holt and Laury [1] range for the maximum was 1.37 and minimum -1.71 for their choices. The majority of marginal farmers were risk aversers, the socio-economic characteristics of the farmers decides the risk preference. The risk-averse farmer this may imply risk-taking behavior that is reduced by risk aversion (resulting in on-farm risk management strategies) and a reduced demand of insurance.
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Kumar, Vikram, Revathy G, and Kavitha NS. "Artificial Intelligence Techniques for Escalating Crop Nurturing Process." ECS Transactions 107, no. 1 (2022): 2999–3002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/10701.2999ecst.
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With the crash of climate change in India, due to global warming and other factors, preponderance of the agricultural crops are being deficiently exaggerated in terms of their recital over a period of last two decades. Envisaging the crop yield well ahead of its harvest would help the policymakers and farmers for taking appropriate measures for marketing and storage. Such predictions will also help to escalate the crops productions. This chapter presents various methods and techniques that are used today for predicting and modeling crop yields. The chapter also highlights the problems faced by the farmers of Thanjavur district due to climate change. The district is also called the rice bowl of Tamilnadu, located in the Cauvery delta region. In addition to this, this chapter also present a novel recommendation system that uses random forest for recommending suitable crops for the area under study and tabu search optimization for increasing crop production. The crops are recommended based on (a) soil properties, (b) crop characteristics, (c) climate parameters. The crops, namely maize, finger millet, rice, and onions, are considered for study. Depending on the prediction techniques, restorative crops are chosen for the corresponding climate conditions. The proposed system is integrated with location specific soil properties as real time input and recommends the suitable crop with good outcome considering the input and climate parameters.
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K.M.Sellamuthu, R.Santhi, D.Selvi, et al. "Assessment of Morphological, Physical and Physico-chemical Properties of Selected Soil Series in Cauvery Delta Zone, Tamil Nadu, India." International Journal of Plant & Soil Science 36, no. 12 (2024): 425–35. https://doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2024/v36i125216.
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An assessment of soil morphology, physical and physico-chemical properties was conducted in the Cauvery Delta zone in the selected soil series encompassing in Thanjavur and Pudukottai Districts in Tamil Nadu, India. The heterogeneity of topography and terrain features in selected area featured in three dominant soil series viz., Mangalathupatty, Pattukottai, and Kalathur series. The representative pedons were examined for their morphological, physical and physico-chemical properties. The soils were deep, with drainage varying from well-drained to moderately poor-drained. The soils were yellowish brown to black in most condition. Overall, in surface soils clay content varied from 24.15 to 41.15 per cent where Kalathur series recorded higher clay content followed by Mangalathupatty followed by Pattukottai soil series. Clay content increased up to subsurface layer then decreased towards parent material. Soil pH varied from 5.34 to 8.9 among the soil series Soils are slightly acidic to moderately alkaline. Electrical conductivity varied from 0.06 to 0.74 dSm-1. Soil samples were non saline. Free calcium carbonate content varied from 0 to 3.75 per cent and it indicate the calcareousness of the soils. The cation exchange capacity (CEC) of the threesoil series varied from 8.0 to 46.0 C mol (p+)Kg-1. Higher CEC was found in Kalathur series followed by Mangalathupatty and Pattukottai.CEC also exhibited similar trend as that of clay. The sequence of abundance for exchangeable cations follows the order of Ca2+> Mg2+> Na+> K+. The high base saturation in these soils ranging from 80.0 in Mangalathupatty soil series to 100.3 % in Kalathur soil series. The exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) varied from 0.81 per cent in Pattukottai series to 26.62 per cent in Mangalathupatty soil series.
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G., Ravikumar, Manoharan, and Sugapradha G. R. "A study on faciomaxillary injuries in a tertiary care hospital." International Surgery Journal 4, no. 8 (2017): 2450. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-2902.isj20173108.
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Background: Faciomaxillary injuries are increasing in frequency and severity due to road traffic accidents and violence among the people of the delta districts of Tamilnadu. Alcohol plays a major role both in road traffic accidents and assaults resulting in faciomaxillary injuries. Human bites play a significant role in the soft tissue injuries of the face resulting in loss of lobule of ear, nasal tip loss and partial loss of lower lip. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the aetiology, incidence, patterns and treatment modalities of faciomaxillary injuries which include both soft tissue and bony injuries.Methods: The study was conducted in the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery of Thanjavur Medical College, Tamil Nadu, India between 2012-2015. About 850 patients in and around the delta districts of Tamilnadu admitted with various soft tissue and bony injuries of the faciomaxillary region were studied. Age, sex, time, mechanism and aetiology of injury, history of bleeding, unconsciousness and prior first aid, type of vehicle and use of preventive measures, type of fracture, associated injuries and treatment modalities were evaluated.Results: Faciomaxillary injuries were mostly due to road traffic accidents. Highest number of fractures was predominantly occurring in the age group of 21-30 years. Males incurred more fractures with a male to female ratio of 7.4:1.1. Fracture mandible was the most common followed by zygoma, nasal and naso ethmoid fractures. Pan facial fractures were more common among alcoholics. 28 patients had associated head injury and 14 patients had cervical spine injuries. Open reduction and internal fixation was the preferred modality for mandible whereas the mid face fractures were treated more often by closed methods. Soft tissue injuries involving ear, nose, lip and eyelids were more common.Conclusions: Drunken driving should be curbed in the society. Educating the people about road safety rules will bring down the faciomaxillary injuries. Motivating the public against violence will reduce human bites and soft tissue injuries of the face.
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SHARMA, PAWAN KUMAR, J. STEPHEN SAMPATH KUMAR, D. MANIKANDAVELU, V. SENTHIL KUMAR, and S. ANAND. "IMPACT OF DIFFERENT STOCKING RATIOS TOTAL FISH PRODUCTION IN FARM PONDS." Journal of the Inland Fisheries Society of India 55, no. 4 (2024): 403–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/jifsi.55.4.2023.153753.
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This experiment has been carried out under TN-IAMP (Tamil Nadu- Irrigated Agriculture Modernization Project, financed by World Bank) in two selected farm ponds (T1 and T2) of the delta district of Tiruchirappalli (Latitude ‘10.775632’N and Longitude '78.692360'E) in Tamil Nadu, India, coming under the research and technical purview of Directorate of Sustainable Aquaculture, Thanjavur. The research work was conducted for a period of 270 days. The ponds are of uniform size (0.25 ha), and feature-wise similar in every respect. Both ponds were stocked uniformly with four species combination viz. Catla catla, Labeo rohita, Cirrhinus mrigala, and Cyprinus carpio. The ponds were stocked at the rate of 18000 nos ha-1 maintaining a stocking ratio of 1:1:1:1 (rohu, catla, mrigal and common carp) in T1, while in T2 the ratio was kept at 1.5:1:1:1. Feeding was done twice at 10.00 am and 5.00 pm, with commercial pellet feed (20% crude protein) during the culture period. The estimated gross production in pond T1 (4000kg ha-1) was found to be higher than that of T2 (3200 kg ha-1). The pond T1, has rendered a net estimated additional 800.04kg ha-1, accounting 25.33% higher yield than that of T2 pond. Statically significant (p<0.05), higher survival could be observed in T1 (27.68%) than that of T2 (16.69%). Further, the ADG (Average Daily Growth) rate of fishes in T1 was 25.30% higher than that of T2. This study revealed that there is a tangible correlation between the equal stocking ratio of fishes and production. The survival rate also endorsed this trend.
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M., Vellaisamy, and Sharmila M. "Mechanistic studies of oxidation of substituted oxo acids by IFC in the presence of 1,10-phenanthroline." Journal of Indian Chemical Society Vol. 96, Jun 2019 (2019): 721–25. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5647950.
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Department of Chemistry, Rajah Serfoji Government College (Autonomous), Thanjavur-613 005, Tamilnadu, India <em>E-mail</em>: prof.m.vellaisamy@gmail.com <em>Manuscript received online 07 February 2019, revised 07 May 2019, accepted 16 May 2019</em> The catalytic activity of 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) in imidazolium fluorochromate (IFC) oxidation of 4-oxo-4-phenylbutanoic acid (4-oxo acids) has been studied in 50% acetic acid-50% water medium. The reaction is first order each in imidazolium fluorochromate, oxo acid and hydrogen ion concentration. The rate of the reaction has been conducted at five different temperatures. Thermodynamic parameters have been calculated. A good correlation is found to exist between log k <sub>1(308 K)</sub> and Hammett constant (σ). For substituted oxoacids, the electron withdrawing substituents retard the reaction rate, while the electron releasing substituents enhance the rate of the reaction. The order of reactivities with substituents is <em>p</em>-CH<sub>3</sub>O > <em>p</em>-CH<sub>3</sub> > <em>p</em>-C<sub>6</sub> H<sub>5</sub> > H > <em>p</em>-Cl > <em>p</em>-Br > m-NO<sub>2</sub> is due to the presence of +I and –I effect. The Exner plot k<sub>2 (313 K)</sub> versus k<sub>2 (318 K)</sub> is linear and isokinetic temperature is obtained. This supports that all the reactions under this investigation follow a common mechanism. The constant ΔG values are obtained for all the substituted compounds. It also indicates that the substituted compounds are oxidized by same mechanism. Benzoic acid has been identified as the corresponding product of oxidation. Based on the kinetics results, a suitable mechanism has been proposed.
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Selvaraj, S. "Assessing the Nutrient Status of Soil and Water Bodies in Palayapatti Areas, Thanjavur District of Tamil Nadu (India)." Agricultural Science Digest - A Research Journal, Of (May 25, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.18805/ag.d-5552.
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Background: Thanjavur is a cauvery delta zone for paddy growing area of Tamil Nadu. The current study aiming with understanding about chemical properties and nutrient status of soils of selected area and assessing quality of water bodies. Methods: The study was conducted during 2018-19 at Palayappatti and its surrounding villages in Thanjavur district of Tamil Nadu to find out the nutrient status of soil and water. Fifty representative soil samples and ten water samples collected with the objectives of analyzing chemical properties of soil and assessing water quality in Palayapatti and its surrounding villages of Thanjavur district. Result: The collected soil and water samples varied with different chemical and physical properties. Soils were slightly acidic to slightly alkaline, normal EC and low organic carbon, low to medium content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, low to medium content of calcium, magnesium and sulphur. Water samples were slightly acidic to moderately alkaline pH, medium to high salt content, moderate amount of carbonate and bicarbonate content. The soil and water bodies of this land having medium range of nutrients and also improvement is need in water quality.
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"Farmers Integrated Management Challenges of Plantains Product at Cauvery Delta, Thanjavur District." International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering 8, no. 2S4 (2019): 691–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijrte.b1138.0782s419.
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In recent trends Farmers had been striving on farm management strategies to make their farming profitable. Farming activities are interdependent with various functions and strong inter-relations with production, finance and marketing. The Indian farmers were not acquainted with the modern management practices. Indian farmers plagued by various management challenges in their farming. However there is upward concern about the gap between the farmer’s potential and their actual earnings. The farmers are not obtaining the profit for their hard work and challenges towards farming. This paper explores the integrated farming challenges of production, finance and marketing factors pertaining plantain product growers. The research area is Cauvery Delta, Thanjavur District. Convenient sampling technique method is used in collecting the data. The data obtained from 315 samples are investigated using descriptive statistics. The correlation tool was used to find out the relationship among the variables. The Multiple Regression tool was used to find out the probable variables that influence the factors. Then, the reliability test was employed to check the reliable of the collected data. The SPSS IBM 20 package was used for data analysis. The outcome of the research will facilitate the researchers, agricultural extension, government and farmers for the agricultural sustainable growth.
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Rashmi, K. Prasanthkumar, and S. Vallal Kannan. "Rice residue management for rice based cropping system in Cauvery delta zone – A review." Agricultural Reviews 39, no. 03 (2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.18805/ag.r-1755.
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Rice straw produced from field is utilized for multiple purposes viz., incorporation in field itself, feeding paddy straw to the animals, burning in the field and thatching the farm houses. The above methods are uneconomical for the farmers and unhealthy for the animals. The new methods viz., composting, mushroom production and new animal feeding is identified as efficient methods for farmers in Cauvery delta zone. Cauvery delta zone includes the entire revenue taluks of Thanjavur, Thriuvarur, Nagappatinam districts numbering 20, five revenue taluks of Trichy districts, two of Cuddalore and one taluk of Puddukkottai districts thus the zone comprises of 28 revenue taluks of the eastern belt of state. All these taluks are benefited by the river Cauvery.
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Manikandan, S., S. Pazhanivelan, K. P. Ragunath, et al. "Remote sensing and simulation: A novel approach to rice yield estimation in the Cauvery delta." Plant Science Today, March 15, 2025. https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.7442.
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This study explores the use of the C-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) dataset from Sentinel-1A for crop area delineation and its integration with the DSSAT crop simulation model for spatial yield estimation for rice crop in the Cauvery Delta region of Tamil Nadu, India. With the global population increasing at a rapid rate, precision agriculture is critical for addressing food security challenges. The near-real-time monitoring capabilities of remote sensing techniques, especially microwave datasets made all season crop monitoring possible. The DSSAT model has demonstrated its capability to simulate yields under varying climatic and management scenarios. This approach offers timely and scalable solutions for monitoring crop health and forecasting yields, which are critical for mitigating the impact of climate change on agriculture. The estimated rice area using the Parameterized classification technique was 118104 ha in the Thanjavur district and 102138 ha in the Thiruvarur district, with an accuracy of 86 %. Upon validation against crop-cutting experiments, the DSSAT approach achieved average RMSE values of 440?kg?ha-1 and 450?kg?ha-1, along with yield agreements of 90 % and 89 % in Thanjavur and Thiruvarur respectively. These quantitative results highlight the enhanced precision of the integrated remote sensing and simulation framework for rice yield estimation, offering a robust tool for precision agriculture and improved decision-making under variable climatic conditions.
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Rajavel, M., M. Selva Kumar, K. Bhuvaneswari, et al. "Projected Changes in Climate Over Cauvery Delta Zone of Tamil Nadu in Southern India." International Journal of Environment and Climate Change, June 29, 2022, 1287–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2022/v12i1030927.
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Climate change, as well as an increase in extreme weather, are posing a serious threat to socioeconomic and livelihood security. For this study, the Cauvery delta zone (CDZ) was chosen to examine current and anticipated climate variability and trend. The four largest districts of Tamil Nadu's Cauvery delta region are Thanjavur, Thiruvarur, Mayiladuthurai, and Nagapattinam. The Indian meteorological agency provided the baseline data sets (IMD). Using IPCC AR5 RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios, the maximum and minimum temperatures, as well as precipitation, were investigated. The maximum temperature could rise to 1.1oC to 3.6oC, while the minimum temperature could rise to 2.8 to 4.5oC, according to the findings. It was also concluded that there will be 15-16% rise in the rainfall during end of the century.
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"Factors Affecting the Innovative Paddy Cultivation and Marketing (Thanjavur District)." International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering 8, no. 12S (2019): 1142–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijitee.k1314.10812s19.
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Paddy (rice) is the most important one, especially in countries like India. Indian States Tamil Nadu is majority states which cultivate paddy in Cauvery Delta Region. Thanjavur is one of leading district in paddy cultivation Since last decade has not shown any significant improvement. Results and finding :lack of awareness among the labours is first rank of identifying in the study area with gthe mean score of 65.44 because the workers are not skill with this new method are SRI method.next majour problem of weed control and strain in use of cono weeder with the mean score are 61.64 and 57.39 respectively describes that Demanding Sample paddy at Free of Cost and High Dominance of Market Intermediaries are the major factors influencing the Problems in market with the highest mean score of 63.08and 61.97 High Commission Charged 60.02 and Credit Sales 57.83 are identified as the next major reasons for Problems in market by Market Intermediaries and they are ranked third and fourth respectively. Reasons such us Lack of Consultation Before Price Fixation, Demanding paddy beyond Actual Weight are ranking fifth, sixth, respectively. The research paper concluded that cultivation of paddy is a profitable enterprises in the study area Around three percent of the harvested paddy was being lost at firm itself farmers realized higher profits when they sold their paddy produce through Governments direct procurement. centers , hence channel was more efficient that other channels. The major marketing constraints faced the producers (or farmers) in the study area were higher marketing cost , the distant location of DPC” and lack of awareness on market information and market intelligences services, services, Farmers should be educated and trained on post harvest operations that would greatly help them to reduce the post – harvest losses in rice, Further delay in weighing and payment are to be avoided in the Direct Procurement Centers (DPC) so as to encourage farmers to take up efficient production decision for the next season. The agro department organized most awareness and training program provided to farmers and develop innovative methods of paddy cultivation.
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Sachidhanandham, M., and S. Pazhanisamy. "Seasonal Composition of Phytoplankton and Zooplankton in the Cauvery Delta Region." African journal of biomedical research, 2024. https://doi.org/10.53555/ajbr.v27i4s.4488.
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Aquatic organisms depend on plankton colonies as a major food source, and any unfavorable changes to the aquatic ecosystem may impact both the abundance and diversity of plankton. Since planktonic populations are bioindicators of water quality indices, their evaluation in freshwater ecosystems is crucial. The current study conducted an assessment of the variety and quantity of freshwater phytoplankton and zooplankton in the Cauvery River, Coleroon River, Perumalkoil tank, and Ayyanar temple tank in Kumbakonam city, Thanjavur District, Tamil Nadu, India. The study identified a total of 53 phytoplankton and 51 zooplankton species. These included 28 species of Chlorophyceae, 12 species of Bacillariophyceae, 12 species of Myxophyceae, and 1 species of Xanthophyceae. Naturally, of the 51 zooplankton species, 14 seemed Rotifera, 13 seemed Arthropoda, 13 seemed Copepoda, 4 had been Protozoa, 4 had been insect larvae, and 3 had been Molluscan larvae. The June to December month had the highest phytoplankton and zooplankton population density, while the March to May season had the lowest. The study's findings indicate that the presence of industrial and municipal waste in the river water leads to the classification of the ecological quality of the water stations as moderately polluted. Therefore, it will be beneficial to monitor and preserve the richness of aquatic biota and water quality characteristics by evaluating the planktonic populations in water systems.
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Muthiah, Ganesan. "Assessment of Mobile Voice Agricultural Messages Given to Farmers of Cauvery Delta Zone of Tamil Nadu, India." Journal of Community Informatics 11, no. 1 (2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.15353/joci.v11i1.2850.
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The study describes the assessment of mobile phone based agricultural voice messages disseminated to farmers of Cauvery delta zone in Tamil Nadu, India, during September, 2012 to June, 2013. The present study was conducted in July, 2013 for about 20 days period through telephonic interview using a well structured questionnaire with randomly selected 200 farmers across five districts (Thanjavur, Nagapattinam, Thiruchirapalli, Thiruvarur and Cuddalore of Cauvery delta zone in Tamil Nadu, India). The survey results showed that majority of the farmers have adopted the agricultural information disseminated through their mobile phone. In addition, Chi square analysis showed that the farmers with irrespective of socio economic characteristics such as gender, age, education, land holding and farming experience have adopted the agricultural information. More than half of the farmers had expressed that either all or most of the agricultural information were useful. Majority of them had expressed the information received on their mobile phone were trust worthy. With reference to satisfaction level of farmers, almost all the farmers were very satisfied with audio quality, simplicity of language and contents of voice messages. Majority of the farmers’ have indicated that the mobile voice messages were of better as compared to other sources of information that they were accessing.
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Lokanithya, S., and M. Swetha. "Mathematics Functions Using To Construction A Dam." Louis Savenien Dupuis Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, December 31, 2024, 159–62. https://doi.org/10.21839/lsdjmr.2024.v3.122.
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All of these measurements are computed using the mathematical concept. A turbine attached to a generator generates electricity when water is discharged through the dam. On the downstream side of the dam, the water flows back into the river. The Kallanai was built to redirect the Cauvery's waters over the lush Thanjavur delta area so that canals could be used for agriculture. This dam's primary purpose was to keep the supply in the Cauvery and its branches while transferring the excess into Coleroon via the Ullar River. By opening the anaikut and barrage gates, the flood waters can enter the sea through the other three delta branches as well. Using a function equation, the hydrodynamic pressure of water caused by an earthquake is determined. Vertical and axial springs assume the forces of sediment and foundation. We would have a slope in the case of dams. Numerous elements that affect water flow will be taken into account when calculating the slope. In order to compute the water's flow rate, mathematical principles will also be required. A relation between a set of inputs and a set of acceptable outputs that has the characteristic that each input is connected to exactly one output is called a function in mathematics.
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Selvamani, S., B. Sushmitha, R. Kowsalya, T. Eevera, and S. Venkatesan. "Assessment of Quality of Farm Saved Paddy Seeds Collected from Cauvery Delta Region." International Journal of Plant & Soil Science, November 18, 2021, 189–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2021/v33i2330734.
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Paddy is cultivated on a large scale in Cauvery delta region of Tamil Nadu. Due to non-availability of adequate quantity of certified seeds at their village level most of the farmers of this region using their farm saved seeds to raise the next season crop. In order to know the quality of farm-saved paddy seeds of delta region, a total of 20 seed samples from 17 distinct varieties were collected from various villages in the Thanjavur district of Tamil Nadu during Rural Agricultural Work Experience programme. The samples were subjected to physical and physiological seed quality parameters evaluation at Seed Science and Technology laboratory of Anbil Dharmalingam Agricultural College and Research Institute, Thiruchirappalli. Only 15% of samples such as Seeraga samba, Karuppukavuni and RNR 1548 alone showed 80% seed germination. The average germination percent was 50.05. Based on our observations, farmers of this region store their seeds in gunny bags without proper drying and not following any pre-storage seed treatment to protect the seeds against storage pathogens and insects. Hence, awareness should be made among the farmers of this region regarding post harvest handling and management of farm produce harvested and stored for seed purpose. The government of Tamil Nadu should educate farmers about post-harvest handling of seeds through the Department of Agriculture to increase productivity and production of our country.
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Karunakaran, Karthik, and Karuppasamy Sudalaimuthu. "GWR–ANN modelling for spatiotemporal prediction of land surface temperature in Thanjavur delta: evaluating environmental impacts on climate action and SDGs." Environment, Development and Sustainability, April 15, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-025-06157-9.
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Arockiam, A. Jason, Ravi Kumar Theodore, R. Suresh, Shibi Sebastian, and D. Suresh Kumar. "Constraints Faced by Rice Growers in Cauvery Delta Zone of Tamil Nadu in Cultivation of TNAU Modern Rice Varieties." Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics & Sociology, August 2, 2022, 551–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajaees/2022/v40i1031112.
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The present study was carried out to analyse the constraints faced by rice growers in Cauvery Delta Zone (CDZ) of Tamil Nadu in use of Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU) modern rice varieties and to elicit suggestions for improving the adoption of TNAU modern rice varieties. Ex-Post Facto Research Design was followed in this study since it aimed to know the constraints faced by the rice growers. The study was conducted during May and June 2022. The selected districts for the study were Thanjavur, Tiruvarur, Nagapattinam and Mayiladuthurai based on maximum area under rice cultivation. From each of the four districts, two blocks were selected and from the selected blocks, two villages from each block were selected for the study based on maximum area under rice cultivation. Based on proportionate random sampling technique, 160 respondents were selected for the study. The responses of the respondents were subjected to frequency and percentage analysis. More than three fourth of the respondents expressed lodging (83.10%) followed by disease infestation (81.90%) and pest infestation (80.60%) as the major constraints. Lack of awareness and knowledge in adopting TNAU modern rice varieties was expressed by around one-third (36.30%) of the respondents. Availability of non-lodging varieties (91.90%), flood tolerant varieties (91.30%), availability of disease-resistant varieties (90.00%), pest-resistant varieties (89.40%) and increasing promotional efforts (85.00%) were the major suggestions given by the rice growers for increasing the use TNAU modern rice varieties.
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Mohanraj, V., and P. Balasubramaniam. "Assessment of Credit Pattern of Small and Marginal Farmers in Cauvery Delta Zone of Tamil Nadu, India." Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics & Sociology, December 31, 2022, 488–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajaees/2022/v40i121825.
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Finance is the lifeblood of any business same way credit is the lifeblood of agriculture. Without credit, farmers cannot do farming activities. Hence the Primary Agricultural Credit Co-operative Societies provide credit to farm and non-farm activities in rural areas to improve agriculture. The adequate and timely availability of credit at reasonable rates is crucial for agricultural development. The study is based on households’ survey conducted in six blocks from three districts viz., Ammapettai and Orathanadu blocks of Thanjavur district, Needamangalam and Mannargudi blocks of Thiruvarur district, Kilvelur and Thirumarugal blocks of Nagapattinam district. Two villages from each block were selected purposively based on more area under rice cultivation. Sample size of 366 farmers which consisted of 183 marginal and 183 small farmers was selected randomly based on proportionate random sampling method. The data were statistically tabulated and analyzed by calculating simple percentages and cumulative square root frequency method for categorization. Nearly one-fourth of the farmers (24.86%) had low level of credit orientation followed by 23.50 per cent had very low level, 21.58 per cent had high level, 15.03 per cent of farmers had medium and very high level of credit orientation. The small farmers having high credit orientation than marginal farmers, the most of the small farmer’s occupational status was farming and business. They utilize credit for their farm, household and non-farm activities. More than three-fifth of the marginal farmers (63.39%) sometimes relying on individual moneylenders for their credit source followed by 45.36 per cent of small farmers sometimes rely on individual money lenders for their credit source and more than half of the farmers (54.37%). Most of the marginal and small farmers were having low to medium level of income category, they depend on banks, co-operative societies and money lenders for their credit source. Mostly they allocate equal percentage of loan for the farm and household expenses. The policy makers can make note of the utilization pattern of agricultural credit and can give directions on the lending terms and conditions.