Relevant bibliographies by topics / The 1930s

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'The 1930s'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 27 April 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "The 1930s"

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Eero, Margit. "Reconstructing the population dynamics of sprat (Sprattus sprattus balticus) in the Baltic Sea in the 20th century." ICES Journal of Marine Science 69, no. 6 (2012): 1010–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fss051.

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Abstract Eero, M. 2012. Reconstructing the population dynamics of sprat (Sprattus sprattus balticus) in the Baltic Sea in the 20th century. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 69: 1010–1018 . Long time-series of population dynamics are increasingly needed in order to understand human impacts on marine ecosystems and support their sustainable management. In this study, the estimates of sprat (Sprattus sprattus balticus) biomass in the Baltic Sea were extended back from the beginning of ICES stock assessments in 1974 to the early 1900s. The analyses identified peaks in sprat spawner biomass in the beginning of the 1930s, 1960s, and 1970s at ∼900 kt. Only a half of that biomass was estimated for the late 1930s, for the period from the late 1940s to the mid-1950s, and for the mid-1960s. For the 1900s, fisheries landings suggest a relatively high biomass, similar to the early 1930s. The exploitation rate of sprat was low until the development of pelagic fisheries in the 1960s. Spatially resolved analyses from the 1960s onwards demonstrate changes in the distribution of sprat biomass over time. The average body weight of sprat by age in the 1950s to 1970s was higher than at present, but lower than during the 1980s to 1990s. The results of this study facilitate new analyses of the effects of climate, predation, and anthropogenic drivers on sprat, and contribute to setting long-term management strategies for the Baltic Sea.
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Duan, J., L. Wang, L. Li, and Y. Sun. "Tree-ring inferred glacier mass balance variation in southeastern Tibetan Plateau and its linkage with climate variability." Climate of the Past Discussions 9, no. 4 (2013): 3663–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cpd-9-3663-2013.

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Abstract. A large number of glaciers in the Tibetan Plateau (TP) have experienced wastage in recent decades. And the wastage is different from region to region, even from glacier to glacier. A better understanding of long-term glacier variations and their linkage with climate variability requires extending the presently observed records. Here we present the first tree-ring-based glacier mass balance (MB) reconstruction in the TP, performed at the Hailuogou Glacier in southeastern TP during 1865–2007. The reconstructed MB is characterized mainly by ablation over the past 143 yr, and typical melting periods occurs in 1910s–1920s, 1930s–1960s, 1970s–1980s, and the last 20 yr. After the 1900s, only a few short periods (i.e., 1920s–1930s, the 1960s and the late 1980s) is characterized by accumulation. These variations can be validated by the terminus retreat velocity of the Hailuogou Glacier and the ice-core accumulation rate in Guliya and respond well to regional and Northern Hemisphere temperature anomaly. In addition, the reconstructed MB is significantly and negatively correlated with August-September all-Indian monsoon precipitation (AIR) (r1871–2008= −0.342, p < 0.0001). These results suggest that temperature variability is the dominant factor for the long-term MB variation at the Hailuogou Glacier. Indian summer monsoon precipitation doesn't affect the MB variation, yet the significant negative correlation between the MB and the AIR implies the positive effect of summer heating of the TP on Indian summer monsoon precipitation.
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Duan, J., L. Wang, L. Li, and Y. Sun. "Tree-ring-inferred glacier mass balance variation in southeastern Tibetan Plateau and its linkage with climate variability." Climate of the Past 9, no. 6 (2013): 2451–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-2451-2013.

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Abstract. A large number of glaciers in the Tibetan Plateau (TP) have experienced wastage in recent decades. And the wastage is different from region to region, even from glacier to glacier. A better understanding of long-term glacier variations and their linkage with climate variability requires extending the presently observed records. Here we present the first tree-ring-based glacier mass balance (MB) reconstruction in the TP, performed at the Hailuogou Glacier in southeastern TP during 1868–2007. The reconstructed MB is characterized mainly by ablation over the past 140 yr, and typical melting periods occurred in 1910s–1920s, 1930s–1960s, 1970s–1980s, and the last 20 yr. After the 1900s, only a few short periods (i.e., 1920s–1930s, the 1960s and the late 1980s) were characterized by accumulation. These variations can be validated by the terminus retreat velocity of Hailuogou Glacier and the ice-core accumulation rate in Guliya and respond well to regional and Northern Hemisphere temperature anomaly. In addition, the reconstructed MB is significantly and negatively correlated with August–September all-India monsoon rainfall (AIR) (r1871-2008 = −0.342, p < 0.0001). These results suggest that temperature variability is the dominant factor for the long-term MB variation at the Hailuogou Glacier. Indian summer monsoon precipitation does not affect the MB variation, yet the significant negative correlation between the MB and the AIR implies the positive effect of summer heating of the TP on Indian summer monsoon precipitation.
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Jost, Timothy Stoltzfus. "Eight Decades of Discouragement: The History of Health Care Cost Containment in the USA." Forum for Health Economics and Policy 15, no. 3 (2012): 53–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/fhep-2012-0009.

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Abstract This chapter traces the history of attempts at cost control in the United States from the origins of our modern health care financing system in the 1930s and 1940s, through health care cost regulation in the 1970s, and the deregulatory 1980s and 1990s, to the Affordable Care Act.
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Schultz, Sally M., and Roxanne T. Johnson. "INCOME TAX ALLOCATION: THE CONTINUING CONTROVERSY IN HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE." Accounting Historians Journal 25, no. 2 (1998): 81–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/0148-4184.25.2.81.

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The appropriate means of accounting for income taxes on financial statements has been among the most hotly debated and frequently recycled issues of the past 50 years. This retrospective account begins with the issuance of the first professional standards during the 1930s and 1940s, and illustrates how theoretical arguments, developed in professional and academic journals during the 1950s, were subsequently recycled and revised during later decades. The problems that led to reconsideration of the deferred tax issue by both the APB during the 1960s and the FASB during the 1980s and 1990s are discussed, as are the solutions offered by these standard setters.
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Zheng, Jingyun, Yingzhuo Yu, Xuezhen Zhang, and Zhixin Hao. "Variation of extreme drought and flood in North China revealed by document-based seasonal precipitation reconstruction for the past 300 years." Climate of the Past 14, no. 8 (2018): 1135–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-1135-2018.

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Abstract. Using a 17-site seasonal precipitation reconstruction from a unique historical archive, Yu-Xue-Fen-Cun, the decadal variations of extreme droughts and floods (i.e., the event with occurrence probability of less than 10 % from 1951 to 2000) in North China were investigated, by considering both the probabilities of droughts/floods occurrence in each site and spatial coverage (i.e., percentage of sites). Then, the possible linkages of extreme droughts and floods with ENSO (i.e., El Niño and La Niña) episodes and large volcanic eruptions were discussed. The results show that there were 29 extreme droughts and 28 extreme floods in North China from 1736 to 2000. For most of these extreme drought (flood) events, precipitation decreased (increased) evidently at most of the sites for the four seasons, especially for summer and autumn. But in drought years of 1902 and 1981, precipitation only decreased in summer slightly, while it decreased evidently in the other three seasons. Similarly, the precipitation anomalies for different seasons at different sites also existed in several extreme flood years, such as 1794, 1823, 1867, 1872 and 1961. Extreme droughts occurred more frequently (2 or more events) during the 1770s–1780s, 1870s, 1900s–1930s and 1980s–1990s, among which the most frequent (3 events) occurred in the 1900s and the 1920s. More frequent extreme floods occurred in the 1770s, 1790s, 1820s, 1880s, 1910s and 1950s–1960s, among which the most frequent (4 events) occurred in the 1790s and 1880s. For the total of extreme droughts and floods, they were more frequent in the 1770s, 1790s, 1870s–1880s, 1900s–1930s and 1960s, and the highest frequency (5 events) occurred in the 1790s. A higher probability of extreme drought was found when El Niño occurred in the current year or the previous year. However, no significant connections were found between the occurrences of extreme floods and ENSO episodes, or the occurrences of extreme droughts/floods and large volcanic eruptions.
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Adom Getachew Talks to Ashish Ghadiali. "World makers of the Black Atlantic." Soundings 75, no. 75 (2020): 180–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3898/soun.75.11.2020.

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In Worldmaking After Empire, Adom Getachew challenges standard histories of decolonisation, which chart the story of a simple shift from empire to independent nationhood. She shows that supporters of decolonisation have always sought to create something much more than nationalisms: they have engaged in a dynamic and rival system of revolutionary worldmaking, seeking an alternative international system that could replace the old inequitable dispensation. She charts this decolonial project from its roots in the works of Black Atlantic thinkers like W.E.B. Du Bois and C.L.R. James in the 1920s and 1930s. The key events she tracks are the challenges the project faced in the United Nations in the 1940s and 1950s; attempts at regional federation in late 1950s and 1960s; and the emergence of the New International Economic Order in the 1960s and 1970s. This a twentieth century tradition now ripe to be reclaimed and revived.
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Didenko, К. "INVOLVEMENT OF THE THEORY OF SOCIAL CONSTRUCTION FOR CONSIDERATION OF ARCHITECTURAL AND CITY BUILDING PRACTICE." Municipal economy of cities 1, no. 154 (2020): 185–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.33042/2522-1809-2020-1-154-185-191.

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Social aspects of the formation of architectural complexes in metropolian Kharkov have not yet been analyzed in homeland architectural theory. The study into "Kharkov constructivism", due to unfortunate historical ocurrence, is still in fact at the initial stage. Thesises of Kharkov authors illuminate this phenomenon in general or analyze some of the most significant sights. Approaches to the study of social aspects of architecture and urban development went through several stages. Architectural theory of the late 1940s- the beginning of 1950s was sharply critical of the architectural and urban planning experiments in the 1920s. The XXth century Soviet history of architecture in the 1960s and 1970s was marked by ideological rehabilitation of constructivism, including social experiments of the 1920s - early 1930s. A turn from apologetics of the 1960s - 1980s to critical analysis of the architecture and urban development of the avant-garde was indicated at the beginning of 2000s by the studies considering Soviet architectural and urban planning practice in the context of public behavior management as a tool for structuring general population to achieve political goals. Foreign studies into the Soviet avant-garde sprang up in the 1970s - early 1980s affected by Western sociology where architecture began to be viewed as a tool for managing social processes and new types of structures and models of urban planning organization- as “a transition from social to material”. Many studies highlighted the influence of Soviet architectural and urban planning programs of the 1920s and 1930s on the system and structure of public consciousness. There was established that large-scale housing, cultural and domestic construction was carried out as part of the capital's administrative and government center creation programs and the formation of an industrial complex. There were identified four conceptual approaches for housing construction, they were consistently implemented during the realization of the two above-mentioned programs: garden city, communal house, housing complex and social city. In these programs, the concepts of "garden city" and "communal houses" were practically tested and reasonably rejected, and the most productive models were residential complexes and social city. Keywords: social construction, architectural and urban concepts, soviet human, metropolian Kharkov.
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Llorca-Jaña, Manuel, Diego Barría Traverso, Diego del Barrio Vásquez, and Javier Rivas. "Malnutrition Rates in Chile from the Nitrate Era to the 1990s." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 24 (2021): 13112. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182413112.

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Following Salvatore and the WHO, in this article, we provide the first long-term estimates of malnutrition rates for Chile per birth cohort, measured through stunting rates of adult males born from the 1870s to the 1990s. We used a large sample of military records, representative of the whole Chilean population, totalling over 38 thousand individuals. Our data suggest that stunting rates were very high for those born between the last three decades of the nineteenth century and the first two decades of the twentieth century. In addition, stunting rates increased from the 1870s to the 1900s. Thereafter, there was a clear downward trend in stunting rates (despite some fluctuations), reaching low levels of malnutrition, in particular, from the 1960s (although these are high if compared to developed countries). The continuous decrease in stunting rates from the 1910s was mainly due to a combination of factors, the importance of which varied over time, namely: Improved health (i.e., sharp decline in infant mortality rates during the whole period); increased energy consumption (from the 1930s onwards, but most importantly during the 1990s); a decline in poverty rates (in particular, between the 1930s and the 1970s); and a reduction in child labour (although we are less able to quantify this).
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Ramsey, Justin, and Tara S. Ramsey. "Ecological studies of polyploidy in the 100 years following its discovery." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 369, no. 1648 (2014): 20130352. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2013.0352.

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Polyploidy is a mutation with profound phenotypic consequences and thus hypothesized to have transformative effects in plant ecology. This is most often considered in the context of geographical and environmental distributions—as achieved from divergence of physiological and life-history traits—but may also include species interactions and biological invasion. This paper presents a historical overview of hypotheses and empirical data regarding the ecology of polyploids. Early researchers of polyploidy (1910s–1930s) were geneticists by training but nonetheless savvy to its phenotypic effects, and speculated on the importance of genome duplication to adaptation and crop improvement. Cytogenetic studies in the 1930s–1950s indicated that polyploids are larger (sturdier foliage, thicker stems and taller stature) than diploids while cytogeographic surveys suggested that polyploids and diploids have allopatric or parapatric distributions. Although autopolyploidy was initially regarded as common, influential writings by North American botanists in the 1940s and 1950s argued for the principle role of allopolyploidy; according to this view, genome duplication was significant for providing a broader canvas for hybridization rather than for its phenotypic effects per se . The emphasis on allopolyploidy had a chilling effect on nascent ecological work, in part due to taxonomic challenges posed by interspecific hybridization. Nonetheless, biosystematic efforts over the next few decades (1950s–1970s) laid the foundation for ecological research by documenting cytotype distributions and identifying phenotypic correlates of polyploidy. Rigorous investigation of polyploid ecology was achieved in the 1980s and 1990s by population biologists who leveraged flow cytometry for comparative work in autopolyploid complexes. These efforts revealed multi-faceted ecological and phenotypic differences, some of which may be direct consequences of genome duplication. Several classical hypotheses about the ecology of polyploids remain untested, however, and allopolyploidy—regarded by most botanists as the primary mode of genome duplication—is largely unstudied in an ecological context.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "The 1930s"

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Mazey, Paul Adrian. "British Film Music, 1930s-1950s." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2016. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.730833.

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Nachabe, Yasmine. "Marie al-Khazen's photographs of the 1920s and 1930s." Thesis, McGill University, 2012. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=107742.

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Marie al-Khazen was a Lebanese photographer who lived between 1899 and 1983. Her photographs were mostly taken between the 1920s and 1930s in the North of Lebanon. They were compiled by Mohsen Yammine, a Lebanese collector who later donated the photographs to the Arab Image Foundation. Her work includes a collection of intriguing photographs portraying her family and friends living their everyday life in Zgharta. Al-Khazen seized every opportunity to use her camera to capture stories of her surroundings. She not only documented her travels around tourist sites in Lebanon but also sought creative experimentation with her device by staging scenes, manipulating shadows and superimposing negatives to produce different effects in her prints. Within the borders of her photographs, bedouins and European friends, peasants and landlords, men and women, comfortably share the same space. Most of Marie al-Khazen's photographs, which are circulated online through the Arab Image Foundation's website, suggest a narrative of independent and determined Lebanese women. These photographs are charged with symbols that can be understood, today, as representative of women's emancipation through their presence as individuals, separate from family restrictions of that time. Images in which women are depicted smoking a cigarette, driving a car, riding horses and accompanying men on their hunting trips counter the usual way in which women were portrayed in 1920s Lebanon. The photographs can be read as a space for al-Khazen to articulate her vision of the New Woman or the Modern Girl as described by Tani Barlow in The Modern Girl Around the World. In this anthology, authors like Barlow point to the ways in which the modern girl "disregards the roles of dutiful daughter, wife and mother," in seeking sexual, economic and political emancipation. Al-Khazen's photographs lead me to pose a series of questions pertaining to the representation of femininity and masculinity through the poses, reasoning, and activities adopted by women and men in the photographs. The questions which frame this study have to do with the ways in which notions of gender, class and race are inscribed within Marie al-Khazen's photographs.<br>Marie al-Khazen est une photographe libanaise qui vécut entre 1899 et 1983. La plupart de ses photos furent prises dans les années vingt et trente dans la région de Zgharta au Nord du Liban. Ces photos font partie de la collection de Mohsen Yammine, un collectionneur libanais. Elles sont actuellement conservées dans les archives de la Fondation de l'image Arabe à Beyrouth et sont disponibles en ligne sur le site internet de la Fondation. Le corpus d'al-Khazen est constitué d'un ensemble de photographies captivantes qui représentent le quotidien de sa famille et de ses amis à Zgharta. Al-Khazen saisissait son milieu social grâce à son appareil photo. Néanmoins, elle ne se contentait pas de documenter ses excursions touristiques au Liban; elle explorait également les capacités techniques de son appareil photo en inventant des scènes photographiques et en manipulant les ombres dans l'espace photographique. Au travers de ses photos on retrouve les effets surréalistes qu'elle créait – peut-être intentionnellement – en faisant des tirages de deux négatifs superposés. Dans le cadre de ces images, on retrouve des bédouins et des Européens, des paysans et des bourgeois, des femmes et des hommes se partageant le même espace. La plupart des photos de Marie al-Khazen évoquent les destins de femmes indépendantes et engagées. Ces photos sont chargées de symboles qui suggèrent une représentation de la femme émancipée. A travers le corpus d'al-Khazen, des femmes apparaissent en train de fumer des cigarettes et de conduire des automobiles. On retrouve également des femmes qui accompagnaient les hommes dans leurs excursions de chasse. Ces photos semblent incompatibles avec la façon dont les femmes étaient représentées dans la presse des années vingt au Moyen Orient où les femmes, en général, évitaient de se montrer dans des endroits publiques. Je propose une lecture qui articule la façon dont al-Khazen a utilisé l'espace photographique pour manifester sa vision de la nouvelle femme: la femme moderne comme celle décrite par Tani Barlow et ses collègues dans The Modern Girl Around the World. Cette anthologie représente la "modern girl" qui, selon Barlow et ses collègues, "disregards the roles of dutiful daughter, wife and mother," en recherchant une émancipation sexuelle, économique et politique.Les photos d'al-Khazen m'incitent à interroger de façons multiples la représentation de la femininité et la masculinité à travers le comportement, le raisonnement, et les activités des femmes et des hommes dans ces photographies. Ces questions s'adressent à la sociologie de l'identité sexuelle et se proposent d'analyser la façon dont cette identité est évoquée dans les photos de Marie al-Khazen.
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Holt, Jill. "Children's Writing in New Zealand Newspapers, 1930s and 1980s." Thesis, University of Auckland, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/2315.

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This thesis is an investigation of writing by New Zealand children in the Children's Pages of five New Zealand newspapers: the New Zealand Herald, Christchurch Press and Otago Daily Times in the 1930s and 1980s, the Dominion in the 1930s; and the Wellington Evening Post in the 1980s. Its purpose is to show how children reflected their world, interacted with editors, and interpreted the adult world in published writing, and to examine continuities and changes between the 1930s and 1980s. It seeks evidence of gender variations in writing. and explores the circumstances in which the social role of writing was established by young writers. It considers the ways in which children (especially girls) consciously and unconsciously used public writing to create a public place for themselves. It compares major themes chosen by children, their topic and genre preferences in writing, and the gender and age differences evident in these preferences. The thesis is organised into three Parts, with an Introduction discussing the scholarly background to the issues it explores, and its methodology. Part One contains two chapters examining the format and tone of each Children's Page. And the role and influence of their Editors. Part Two (also of two chapters) investigates the origins and motivations of the young contributors, with a special focus on the Otago Daily Times as a community newspaper. Part Three. of four chapters, explores the children's writing itself, in separate chapters on younger and older children, and a chapter on the most popular genre, poetry. The conclusion suggests further areas of research, and points to the implications of the findings of the thesis for social history in New Zealand and for classroom practice. The thesis contains a Bibliography and an Appendix with a selection of writings by Janet Frame and her family to the Otago Daily Times Children's Page in the 1930s.<br>Note: Whole document restricted at the request of the author, but available by individual request, use the feedback form to request access.
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Elder, Tanya. "Capturing change : the practice of Malian photography, 1930s-1990s /." Linköping : Tema, Univ, 1997. http://www.bibl.liu.se/liupubl/disp/disp97/arts168s.htm.

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Vujosevic, Tijana. "Architectures of the everyday in 1920s and 1930s Russia." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/61555.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 2010.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 212-221).<br>This dissertation is an architectural history of Russian everyday life, or byt, in the first two decades after the October Revolution. In this period, the investigation and reform of byt was a project that vastly crossed the limits of the architectural profession. I survey ways in which the quotidian environment was understood, ordered and envisioned in a variety of practices: bureaucracy, literature, theatre, film, urbanism, and design. The dissertation explores the architecture of discrete geographies, sets of tactics and strategies, employed in mapping the terrain of the quotidian. It explores how the official rhetoric of labor and productivity was translated into ethics and aesthetics of existence. The study is ordered chronologically, and according to scale. In the first chapter I explore the manipulation and invention of the everyday object. The second chapter is about the performance of the everyday in Meyerholds's biomechanical theatre, its ties with the Central Institute of Labor, and the charting of the agitated body in action onto the space of the stage. The third chapter captures a moment in the development of the Soviet bathhouse, or banya, , in which the bath, resembling a factory, was conceived of as an efficient, working building, which processed citizens' bodies in their entirety, and in some cases, presented replicas of the world at large. In the fourth chapter I read collective workers' histories to reconstruct the aesthetic of the Moscow Metro and particular modes of perception needed to capture and behold its magnificence. The final chapter is about the efforts of wife-activists, or obshchestvennitsy, to represent a society of surplus and overproduction through their management of nature's bounty.<br>by Tijana Vujosevic.<br>Ph.D.
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Liao, Yen Jen Yvonne. "Western music and municipality in 1930s and 1940s Shanghai." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2017. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/western-music-and-municipality-in-1930s-and-1940s-shanghai(aafa1e93-7c19-44d9-8c77-df226ed5d568).html.

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The aim of this thesis is to examine the complex relationship between western music and municipality in 1930s and 1940s Shanghai. The objective is to carry out an inquiry into musical venues, municipal policies and ideas of musical sound in a fragmented administrative geography. Music historians have yet to research in tandem municipalities of the British and French settlers, Japanese military and the Chinese Nationalists—an alternative historical modelling that nuances studies of 1930s and 1940s Shanghai as a global and colonial metropolis. In terms of the evidence, the thesis draws on documentary sources in Chinese, English, French and German from Shanghai’s treaty port, war and postwar years. Surviving materials extend from concert programmes, used scores and musical advertisements to venue licences and tax correspondence. The four main chapters function as case studies; each is located in a specific municipality. Chapter One discusses the International Settlement: British settlers’ sonic values and the aural phenomenon of the Shanghai Municipal Brass Band in the parks. Chapter Two discusses the French Concession: the sonic regulation of the French Municipal Council and the jarring but no less ‘French’ entertainment of eateries. Chapter Three discusses ‘Little Vienna’ in Japanese-occupied Shanghai: the landscape of European Jewish cafés and their sound worlds of Unterhaltungsmusik in the Restricted Sector for Stateless Refugees. Chapter Four discusses Nationalist Shanghai: eateries’ claims of a distinct musical sound in the context of an anti-music tax policy. The Epilogue shifts from ‘1930s and 1940s Shanghai’ as a matter of music history to matters of historiography, first exploring reproduction maps and repositories, then outlining some further directions for an archival musicology. In terms of its overall contribution, the thesis brings to light not only Shanghai’s western musical venues and municipal policies, but also the peculiar geography of a city of cities, multinational yet divided.
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Huang, Qing. "Fashioning Modernity and Qipao in Republican Shanghai (1910s-1930s)." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1429701221.

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Wyndham, Diana Hardwick. "Striving for National Fitness: Eugenics in Australia 1910s to 1930s." University of Sydney, History, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/402.

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Eugenics movements developed early this century in more than 20 countries, including Australia. However, for many years the vast literature on eugenics focused almost exclusively on the history of eugenics in Britain and America. While some aspects of eugenics in Australia are now being documented, the history of this movement largely remained to be written. Australians experienced both fears and hopes at the time of Federation in 1901. Some feared that the white population was declining and degenerating but they also hoped to create a new utopian society which would outstrip the achievements, and avoid the poverty and industrial unrest, of Britain and America. Some responded to these mixed emotions by combining notions of efficiency and progress with eugenic ideas about maximising the growth of a white population and filling the "empty spaces". It was hoped that by taking these actions Australia would avoid "racial suicide" or Asian invasion and would improve national fitness, thus avoiding "racial decay" and starting to create a "paradise of physical perfection". This thesis considers the impact of eugenics in Australia by examining three related propositions: 1. that from the 1910s to the 1930s, eugenic ideas in Australia were readily accepted because of concerns about declining birth rate; 2. that, while mainly derivative, Australian eugenics had several distinctive Australian qualities; 3. that eugenics has a legacy in many disciplines, particularly family planning and public health. This examination of Australian eugenics is primarily from the perspective of the people, publications and organisations which contributed to this movement in the first half of this century. In addition to a consideration of their achievements, reference is also made to the influence which eugenic ideas had in such diverse fields as education, immigration, law, literature, politics, psychology and science.
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Wyndham, Diana. "Striving for national fitness eugenics in Australia 1910s to 1930s /." Connect to full text, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/402.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Sydney, 1997.<br>Title from title screen (viewed Apr. 15, 2008). Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy to the Dept. of History, Faculty of Arts. Degree awarded 1997; thesis submitted 1996. Includes bibliography. Also available in print form.
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Barbieri, Chiara. "Graphic design and graphic designers in Milan, 1930s to 1960s." Thesis, Royal College of Art, 2017. http://researchonline.rca.ac.uk/2816/.

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Graphic design holds a marginal position in the Italian design historiography in relation to industrial design. Often written by and for graphic designers, histories have tended to concentrate on changes in graphic styles as exemplified in works by prominent designers or the visual communication strategies of major companies. By contrast, this thesis addresses the organisation of the graphic design profession in Milan, from the interwar period to the mid-1960s. Key aspects explored include: graphic design’s mutable meanings and practices; formal and informal educational practices; graphic designers’self-identification with a new profession; and the structures they created to organise and make their practice visible. A focus on dialogue and negotiation between different interest groups stresses the relational and contingent nature of design professions. The thesis asks whether Milan’s graphic practitioners capitalised on modernist ideas such as standardisation, universalism, objectivity and functionalism to distance themselves from graphic arts and advertising, and enable re-categorisation within design. Thus, it problematises the relationship between professionalisation and international modernism, within the specific context of industrial structures in Milan and the hierarchy of design practice in twentieth-century Italy more broadly. The thesis provides an original retelling of stories often taken for granted, and looks behind individual designers and big companies to uncover overlooked narratives. Five chapters addressing the Scuola del Libro and the Cooperativa Rinascita in Milan, the ISIA in Monza, the Milan Triennale, the Studio Boggeri and the associations AIAP and ADI draw attention to educational issues, design practice, professional organisations, networks and mediating channels that have defined, legitimised, represented, advanced, contrasted, and articulated the graphic design profession in Milan. The argument is built on close scrutiny of archival material and other primary sources, including extensive visual material and oral interviews. Methodologies derive principally from history of design and visual culture, and place great emphasis on visual analysis. Visual artefacts are approached both as visual expressions of design methodologies and aesthetic principles and, drawing on actor-network-theory, as three-dimensional actors that interact with people and other artefacts. Despite focusing on the local, the thesis draws on global design history as a methodology by taking into account the dynamic and multi-directional movement of people, ideas, and artefacts within transnational circuits. Building on sociological stances, it approaches professions as socially constructed concepts and argues that professional identities are constantly in formation and require continual adaptation to shifting environments, agendas and design discourses. The thesis aims to offer neither a comprehensive history of Italian graphic design nor a final assessment of its professionalisation. Rather, it prioritises the process of professionalisation, by stressing tensions and contradictions, and by following practitioners’ struggle to articulate what graphic design is. The originality and potential impact of the thesis lie in its endeavour to present a closely-articulated history of the graphic design profession in Milan that draws attention to economic, industrial, political, social and technological contexts, and to propose this as a template for the writing of graphic design history. Furthermore, it provides a historically-integrated, archive-based, outward-looking model for graphic design history as an integral part of the history of design.
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Books on the topic "The 1930s"

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The 1920s and 1930s. Bailey Pub. Associated, 2009.

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Ruby, Jennifer. The 1920s and 1930s. B.T. Batsford, 1988.

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Green, Mike. Eltham: Memories : 1930s - 1950s. Stylus, 1995.

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California casual fashions, 1930s-1970s. Schiffer Pub., 2001.

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A, Kazusʹ I., ed. Soviet architectural competitions, 1920s-1930s. Phaidon, 1992.

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1957-, Rosso Lucien, and Bilanges Thomas, eds. French Riviera: 1920s and 1930s. Telleri, 1999.

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Richard, Martin. American ingenuity: Sportswear, 1930s-1970s. Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1998.

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Meade, Martin. Tour of 1920s & 1930s Paris. The Thirties Society, 1989.

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Bijutsukan, Himeji Shiritsu. Minshū no kaigaten, 1920s-1930s. Himeji Shiritsu Bijutsukan Tomo no Kai, 2002.

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Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York, N.Y.), ed. American ingenuity: Sportswear, 1930s-1970s. Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1998.

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Book chapters on the topic "The 1930s"

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Schildcrout, Jordan. "1930s." In In the Long Run. Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429265372-4.

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Bastin, Bruce. "Noncommercial Recordings: The 1920s and 1930s." In Red River Blues. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-09343-4_4.

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Ter-Matevosyan, Vahram. "(Trans)formation of Kemalism, 1920s–1930s." In Modernity, Memory and Identity in South-East Europe. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-97403-3_3.

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Memos, Christos. "Capitalism in permanent crisis, 1920s–1930s." In Global Economic Crisis as Social Hieroglyphic. Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315107936-201b.

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Burt, Ben. "The Christian Transformation (1920s to 1930s)." In Tradition and Christianity. Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315077222-6.

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Zeikowitz, Richard E. "The 1930s." In Letters between Forster and Isherwood on Homosexuality and Literature. Palgrave Macmillan US, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230614147_2.

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Mark, Ethan. "Japan’s 1930s." In Routledge Handbook of Modern Japanese History. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315746678-17.

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Dynes, Robin. "The 1930s." In The Reminiscence Puzzle Book. Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315170831-1.

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Applewhite, Harriet B. "The Final Suffrage Debates, 1920s and 1930s." In Women Representatives in Britain, France, and the United States. Palgrave Macmillan US, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137525871_2.

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"Egypt, 1920s–1930s." In Islam, Liberalism and Human Rights. I.B.Tauris, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9780755609895.ch-003.

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Conference papers on the topic "The 1930s"

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Zhao, Peiqing. "Cholera Epidemic Prevention in Ningbo in 1930s and 1940s." In 7th International Conference on Humanities and Social Science Research (ICHSSR 2021). Atlantis Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.210519.236.

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Pioro, Igor. "Heat-Transfer at Supercritical Pressures." In 2010 14th International Heat Transfer Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ihtc14-23403.

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The first works devoted to the problem of heat transfer at supercritical pressures started as early as the 1930s. E. Schmidt and his associates investigated free-convection heat transfer to fluids at the near-critical point with the objective of developing a new effective cooling system for turbine blades in jet engines. In the 1950s, the idea of using supercritical “steam”-water appeared to be rather attractive for steam generators / turbines to increase thermal efficiency of fossil-fired power plants. Intensive work on this subject was mainly performed in the former USSR and in the USA in the 1950s–1980s. Therefore, the most investigated flow geometry at supercritical pressures is circular tubes with water as the coolant. Currently, using supercritical “steam” in fossil-fired power plants is the largest industrial application of fluids at supercritical pressures. At the end of the 1950s and the beginning of the 1960s, some studies were conducted to investigate the possibility of using supercritical water as a coolant in nuclear reactors. Several concepts of nuclear reactors were developed. However, this idea was abandoned for almost 30 years, and then regained momentum in the 1990s as a means to improve the performance of water-cooled nuclear reactors. Main objectives of using supercritical water in nuclear reactors are increasing the efficiency of modern nuclear power plants, which is currently 30–35%, to circa 43–50%, and decreasing operational and capital costs by eliminating steam generators, steam separators, steam dryers, etc. Therefore, objectives of the current paper are to assess the work that was performed and to understand specifics of heat transfer at supercritical pressures.
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Schwartz, Mischa. "Improving the noise performance of communication systems: 1930s to early 1940s." In 2008 IEEE History of Telecommunications Conference - "From Semaphone to Cellular Radio Telecommunications". IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/histelcon.2008.4668718.

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Ulyanova, Svetlana. "MASS SPORTS IN THE USSR IN 1920S-1930S: HISTORIOGRAPHY AND RESEARCH METHODS." In 5th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific Conferences on SOCIAL SCIENCES and ARTS SGEM2018. STEF92 Technology, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgemsocial2018h/21/s05.007.

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Ulyanova, Svetlana. "Gto Concept: Design And Implementation In Ussr In Late 1920s-Early 1930s." In 18th PCSF 2018 - Professional Сulture of the Specialist of the Future. Cognitive-Crcs, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2018.12.02.201.

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Gurbanova, Nubar, and Rungthum Rangsikul. "Language in Politics Features of the Soviet Language Policy in 1920s-1930s." In International Conference on Language Phenomena in Multimodal Communication (KLUA 2018). Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/klua-18.2018.64.

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Yuhui, Li, and Fu Yongchun. "Harnessing Hollywood in China in the 1930s and 1990s: A Comparative Perspective." In 5th International Conference on Social Sciences and Economic Development (ICSSED 2020). Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.200331.080.

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Senchenkov, Nikolay. "Using The Potential Of Leadership Pedagogy Of The 1920s-1930s In Modern School." In International Scientific and Practical Conference Education in a Changing World: Global Challenges and National Priorities. European Publisher, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2021.07.02.23.

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Rublev, M. A. "Transformation of peasant housing in the Kemerovo region in the 1900s and 1930s." In Balandinskie Chteniya. Новосибирский государственный университет архитектуры, дизайна и искусств им. А.Д. Крячкова, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37909/978-5-89170-287-5-2021-1016.

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Subbotina, Irina. "Gagauz and Bulgarian peoples of the North Caucasus: History with Ethnology and Demography." In Ethnology Symposium "Ethnic traditions and processes", Edition II. Institute of Cultural Heritage, Republic of Moldova, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52603/9789975333788.27.

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Materials from population censuses in Russia, data from state archives of KabardinoBalkaria and Northern Ossetia (Alania), materials from stanitsa Ekaterinogradskaya rural household registers of 1940s, 1950s, 1970s and 1990s as well as data from the author’s ethnosociological studies have been used to describe the ethnodemographic dynamics of Gagauz and Bulgarian population in Malgobek and Sukhotskoe villages in Northern Ossetia (Alania) and stanitsa Ekaterinogradskaya in Kabardino-Balkaria.
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Reports on the topic "The 1930s"

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Eichengreen, Barry, and Richard Portes. Dealing With Debt: The 1930s and the 1980s. National Bureau of Economic Research, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w2867.

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Darby, Michael, and James Lothian. Economic Events and Keynesian Ideas: The 1930s and the 1970s. National Bureau of Economic Research, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w1987.

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Loeb, Susanna, and John Bound. The Effect of Measured School Inputs on Academic Achievement: Evidence from the 1920s, 1930s and 1940s Birth Cohorts. National Bureau of Economic Research, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w5331.

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Margo, Robert. Employment and Unemployment in the 1930s. National Bureau of Economic Research, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w4174.

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Record, Jeffrey. Appeasement Reconsidered: Investigating the Mythology of the 1930s. Defense Technical Information Center, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada437060.

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Zubov, Andrey, and Tamara Rusina. Map of Russian emigrant community in the 1930s. Edited by Andrey Zubov and Aleksandr Khropov. Astrel, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.15356/dm2016-01-14-7.

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Fishback, Price. U.S. Monetary and Fiscal Policy in the 1930s. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w16477.

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Eichengreen, Barry. Relaxing the External Constraint: Europe in the 1930s. National Bureau of Economic Research, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w3410.

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White, Eugene, and Peter Rappoport. The New York Stock Market in the 1920s and 1930s: Did Stock Prices Move Together Too Much? National Bureau of Economic Research, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w4627.

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Knapp, George E. Buffalo Soldiers at Fort Leavenworth in the 1930s and Early 1940s: Interviews Conducted by Major George E. Knapp. Defense Technical Information Center, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada635647.

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