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Schlote, Karl-Heinz, and Martina Schneider. "Mathematics meets physics: A contribution to their interaction in the 19th and the first half of the 20th century." Wissenschaftlicher Verlag Harri Deutsch, 2011. https://slub.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A15838.
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Es gibt wohl kaum Wissenschaftsgebiete, in denen die wechselseitige Beeinflussung stärker ist als zwischen Mathematik und Physik. Eine wichtige Frage ist dabei die nach der konkreten Ausgestaltung dieser Wechselbeziehungen, etwa an einer Universität, oder die nach prägenden Merkmalen in der Entwicklung dieser Beziehungen in einem historischen Zeitabschnitt.
Im Rahmen eines mehrjährigen Akademieprojekts wurden diese Beziehungen an den Universitäten in Leipzig, Halle und Jena für den Zeitraum vom Beginn des 19. bis zur Mitte des 20. Jahrhunderts untersucht und in fünf Bänden dargestellt. Der erste dieser Bände erschien in den Abhandlungen der Sächsischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, die nachfolgenden als eigenständige Reihe unter dem Titel “Studien zur Entwicklung von Mathematik und Physik in ihren Wechselwirkungen“. Ein weiterer und abschließender Band dieser Reihe (der vorliegende) beinhaltet die Beiträge einer wissenschaftshistorischen Fachtagung im Jahr 2010, die das Thema in einem internationalen Kontext einbettet.
Der vorliegende Band enthält die Beiträge der Tagung “Mathematics meets physics. A contribution to their interaction in the 19th and the first half of the 20th century”, die vom 22. bis 25. März 2010 in Leipzig stattfand. Die Konferenzbeiträge bestätigen die große Variabilität in der Gestaltung der Wechselbeziehungen zwischen Mathematik und Physik. In ihnen werden u.a. verschiedene Entwicklungsprozesse im 19. und 20. Jahrhundert (zur elektromagnetischen Feldtheorie, zur Quantenmechanik, zur Quantenfeldtheorie, zur Relativitätstheorie) aus unterschiedlichen Perspektiven analysiert. Weitere Beiträge stellen allgemeinere Fragestellungen der Entwicklung der Wechselbeziehungen in den Mittelpunkt und tragen zur Frage einer möglichen Unterscheidung unterschiedlicher Entwicklungsstufen im den Wechselverhältnis von Mathematik und Physik bei. Insgesamt ist einzuschätzen: Zum einen dokumentieren die in den Beiträgen vorgelegten Ergebnisse den Wert und die Notwendigkeit von Detailuntersuchungen, um die Entwicklung der Wechselbeziehungen zwischen Mathematik und Physik in ihrer Vielfalt und mit der nötigen Präzision zu erfassen, zum anderen lassen sie in ihrer Gesamtheit noch zu beantwortende Forschungsfragen erkennen.:Vorwort
Karl-Heinz Schlote, Martina Schneider: Introduction
Jesper Lützen: Examples and Reflections on the Interplay between Mathematics and Physics in the 19th and 20th Century
Juraj Šebesta: Mathematics as one of the basic Pillars of physical Theory: a historical and epistemological Survey
Karl-Heinz Schlote, Martina Schneider: The Interrelation between Mathematics and Physics at the Universities Jena, Halle-Wittenberg and Leipzig – a Comparison
Karin Reich: Der erste Professor für Theoretische Physik an der Universität Hamburg: Wilhelm Lenz
Jim Ritter: Geometry as Physics: Oswald Veblen and the Princeton School
Erhard Scholz: Mathematische Physik bei Hermann Weyl – zwischen „Hegelscher Physik“ und „symbolischer Konstruktion der Wirklichkeit“
Scott Walter: Henri Poincaré, theoretical Physics, and Relativity Theory in Paris
Reinhard Siegmund-Schultze: Indeterminismus vor der Quantenmechanik: Richard von Mises’ wahrscheinlichkeitstheoretischer Purismus in der Theorie physikalischer Prozesse
Christoph Lehner: Mathematical Foundations and physical Visions: Pascual Jordan and the Field Theory Program
Jan Lacki: From Matrices to Hilbert Spaces: The Interplay of Physics and Mathematics in the Rise of Quantum Mechanics
Helge Kragh: Mathematics, Relativity, and Quantum Wave Equations
Klaus-Heinrich Peters: Mathematische und phänomenologische Strenge: Distributionen in der Quantenmechanik und -feldtheorie
Arianna Borrelli: Angular Momentum between Physics and Mathematics
Friedrich Steinle: Die Entstehung der Feldtheorie: ein ungewöhnlicher Fall der Wechselwirkung von Physik und Mathematik?
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Lebednykaitė, Miglė. "Šventadienės prijuostės Lietuvos kultūroje. XIX a. – XX a. pirmoji pusė." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2013. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2013~D_20130627_103017-08749.
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Disertacijos tyrimo objektas – šventadienė prijuostė, tradicinio liaudies kostiumo dalis, kuri pristatoma ne tik kaip drabužis, bet kaip sąlyginai savarankiškas daugiaplanis kultūros objektas, tapęs etninių tradicijų ir tautinės savimonės raiškos simboliu. Tyrimo laikotarpis – XIX a.–XX a. pirmoji pusė. Tai pirmasis mokslinis darbas, nuosekliai atskleidžiantis procesą, kaip prijuostė, prarasdama savo pirminę paskirtį, XX a. pirmojoje pusėje įgavo naują prasmę ir tapo tautiškumo simboliu, reprezentantu ne tik Lietuvoje, bet ir užsienyje. Darbe analizuojami iki šiol sistemingai netyrinėti XIX a.–XX a. pirmosios pusės šventadienių prijuosčių (taip pat prijuostėlių) rinkiniai Lietuvos ir kitų šalių (Baltarusijos, Lenkijos, Prancūzijos) muziejuose. Tyrimo metu užsienio šalių muziejuose surastos ir identifikuotos lietuvių šventadienės prijuostės yra vertingas ne vien šių muziejų, bet ir visoje Lietuvoje turimų šios rūšies liaudies tekstilės dirbinių fondo papildymas. Atsiranda galimybė įvertinti šventadienės prijuostės meninės raiškos formas, atlikimo technikų ir medžiagų ypatumus, kurių visumą kaip svarbų šaltinį galima pritaikyti tradicinių liaudies drabužių rekonstravimo darbų praktikai ir tautinio kostiumo studijoms. Atliktas tyrimas aktualizuoja prijuostės sociokultūrinės raiškos aspektus, leidžia giliau pažinti jų meninės formos bruožus, gali pasitarnauti kaip svarbi medžiaga lyginamosioms lietuvių liaudies meno studijoms, tolimesniems Lietuvos kultūros tyrinėjimams.<br>This doctoral dissertation analyses a part of the traditional folk costume – festive apron – which is presented not only as a garment, but also as a relatively independent and multidimensional cultural object, and a symbol of ethnic traditions and expressions of national identity. The research covers the period from the 19th century through the early 20th century. It is the first research systematically revealing the process of the apron losing its originally intended use and being given a new meaning in the first half of the 20th century, concurrently becoming a symbol and representative of national identity not only in Lithuania but also in foreign countries. The thesis analyses collections of festive aprons (including votive aprons) of the 19th century and the first half of the 20th century available in Lithuanian and foreign museums that have not been previously analysed on a systematic basis. Lithuanian festive aprons identified in foreign museums during the research are valuable supplementation not only to the holdings of these museums, but also to the fund of folk textiles of this type available in Lithuania. This provides an opportunity to assess the forms of artistic expression, the peculiarities of weaving techniques of, and the fabrics used for, festive aprons which, in their entirety, can be used as an important source for reconstructing traditional folk clothing and for studies of the national costume. The research actualises the aspects of socio-cultural... [to full text]
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Komarower, Patricia 1950. "The development of vertebrate palaeontology in China during the first half of the twentieth century." Monash University, School of Geosciences, 2002. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/9337.
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Loungsangroong, Manchusa. "First-wave Women Clarinetists Retrospective: A Guide to Women Clarinetists Born Before 1930." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1492472880913857.
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Petrova, Galina. "Ludwig Maurer and the reception of Beethoven in St. Petersburg in the first half of the 19th century." Musikgeschichte in Mittel- und Osteuropa ; 5 (1999), S. 62-71, 1999. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A15624.
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In this article I would like to attract attention to the personality of Ludwig Wilhelm Maurer. As a brilliant virtuoso violinist, known in
Russia since 1817, conductor of the French theatre in St. Petersburg
since 1835, inspector of all Emperor theatres since 1841 and conductor
of the Philharmonic and Concert societies, Ludwig Maurer was an advocate of the classic inheritance.
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Petrova, Galina. "Ludwig Maurer and the reception of Beethoven in St. Petersburg in the first half of the 19th century." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-224571.
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In this article I would like to attract attention to the personality of Ludwig Wilhelm Maurer. As a brilliant virtuoso violinist, known in
Russia since 1817, conductor of the French theatre in St. Petersburg
since 1835, inspector of all Emperor theatres since 1841 and conductor
of the Philharmonic and Concert societies, Ludwig Maurer was an advocate of the classic inheritance.
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Brooks, Colleen. "Cabaret Songs by Classical Composers During the First Half of the 20th Century: Satie, Schoenberg, Weill, and Britten." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1281990477.
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Kim, Sarm. "Works for violin from distinct European compositional traditions in the first half of the 20th century nationalism, impressionism, and neo-classicism /." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/3190.
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Charlton-Stevens, Uther E. "Decolonising Anglo-Indians : strategies for a mixed-race community in late colonial India during the first half of the 20th century." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:254b43ad-a0d6-4416-b451-c1ebff58ecce.
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Anglo-Indians, a designation acquired in the 1911 Indian Census, had previously been known as Eurasians, East Indians, Indo-Britons and half-castes. ‘Anglo-Indian’ had previously denoted, and among some scholars continues to denote, Britons long resident in India. We will define Anglo-Indians as a particular mixed race Indo-European population arising out of the European trading and imperial presence in India, and one of several constructed categories by which transient Britons sought to demarcate racial difference within the Raj’s socio-racial hierarchy. Anglo-Indians were placed in an intermediary (and differentially remunerated) position between Indians and Domiciled Europeans (another category excluded from fully ‘white’ status), who in turn were placed below imported British superiors. The domiciled community (of Anglo-Indians and Domiciled Europeans, treated as a single socio-economic class by Britons) were relied upon as loyal buttressing agents of British rule who could be deployed to help run the Raj’s strategically sensitive transport and communication infrastructure, and who were made as a term of their service to serve in auxiliary military forces which could help to ensure the internal security of the Raj and respond to strikes, civil disobedience or crises arising from international conflict. The thesis reveals how calls for Indianisation of state and railway employment by Indian nationalists in the assemblies inaugurated by the 1919 Government of India Act threatened, through opening up their reserved intermediary positions to competitive entry and examination by Indians, to undermine the economic base of domiciled employment. Anglo-Indian leaders responded with varying strategies. Foremost was the definition of Anglo-Indians as an Indian minority community which demanded political representation through successive phases of constitutional change and statutory safeguards for their existing employment. This study explores various strategies including: deployment of multiple identities; widespread racial passing by individuals and families; agricultural colonisation schemes; and calls for individual, familial or collective migration.
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Corgatelli, Pietro. "Tapes and testimony : making the local history of Italians in the Western Cape in the first half of the 20th century." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/17177.
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Bibliography: pages 258-271.<br>The history of long distance immigrant communities, particularly those with few or no written documentary records, is often cited as an obvious example for oral historical enquiry. Such groupings would be represented by the Greek, Portuguese and Jewish as well as the Italian population in South Africa, and by similar settler communities in Great Britain and the USA. The advantages of an orally-derived community history is surely shown by the potential richness of information found in interviews where people's history is offered in their own words, in which migrants consider the life they have lived as basically their own formations. The Italian community was selected because there are only very thin and fragmentary records of its local history and because of the author's own origins. Through interviews, one has been able to expand on the existing sparse historical picture and to gather fresh material concerning a range of active individuals who, through their business lives and practices, established successful new industries and other local economic enterprises. Sample interviews have been transcribed and edited, to illustrate the range of oral testimony. Through them one hears something of the history of men such as Oreste Nannucci who started a laundry business, Giuseppe Rubbi, who was one of the most prominent builders in Cape Town before the Second World War, and Amedeo Traverso who, with his partners, developed the sea front in Sea Point, among many other speculative ventures. Through the examples of Mrs Ida Peroni's and Antonio Introna's testimony we move away from the historical voice of male petty entrepreneurs to obtain a new insight into the fortunes of the Sicilian fishing community. Wherever possible, attempts have been made to check the information generated by oral testimony by consulting census reports, migration figures, consular and parliamentary reports, books, documents, newspapers and personal correspondence both in South Africa and Italy. Written documentary sources are utilised in relevant chapters. By piecing together this disparate range of source material, the present study shows the dimensions of Italian migrant economic and social experience not simply as generalities but as something to be glimpsed in the uniqueness inherent in every life history.
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KATO, Kumiko. "Tributes and Corvée Imposed by Moeng Cheng Hung of Sipsongpanna in the First Half of the 20th Century : Analyses from a Tai Manuscript." School of Letters, Nagoya University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/16785.
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Berg, Lovisa Ulrika. "Creating a man, a mouse or a monster? : masculinity as formulated by Syrian female novelists through the second half of the 20th century." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/22952.
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This literary study examines the formulation of masculinity in Syrian novels authored by women. The thesis covers the period between 1959 and 2000, corresponding to both the development of the female-authored novel in Syria and the creation of the modern Syrian state. This research engages with studies of masculinity in general and literary masculinity studies in particular. Drawing on the seminal work of Raewyn Connell as well as engaging with studies on masculinity and feminine narratology in Swedish, English and Arabic, the thesis analyses the formulation of literary masculinity through the fictional societies’ ideal masculinity on the one hand, and the female characters’ views and reactions to masculinity on the other. From a general survey of the field, 34 novels undertaking the formulation of gendered relations were identified and chosen for this study. From this selection, five themes emerged, forming the foundation of this thesis’ main chapters. The five themes explore, in turn, how stereotypes are utilised to critique gender roles, ways in which male and female characters collaborate to formulate gender norms, how female characters capitalise on patriarchy in order to enhance their lives, male characters as symbols for social and political change and finally, the difficulties included in the performance of masculinity. Each theme is exemplified through one novel, which is analysed in detail. Throughout the five chapters, the main novel chosen for analysis is put into conversation with other novels with similar themes but from different decades. This allows for an examination of changing ideals of masculinity in addition to the theme itself. The first theme, how stereotypes are utilised to critique gender roles, is studied through a close reading of al-Ẓahr al-‘ārī (The Naked back) by Hanrīyit ‘Abbūdī. The analysis illustrates how the expected normative behaviour of men and women is utilised in order to comment on the formulation of gender roles. The chapter further demonstrates ways in which what is seen as gender specific behaviour can be appropriated by the opposite gender. This is further developed through the examination of female writers taking over the male voice through a first person male narrator. The second theme, ways in which male and female characters collaborate to formulate gender norms, is discussed through a close reading of the novel Khaṭawāt fī al-ḍabāb (Steps in the fog) by Malāḥa al-Khānī. This chapter illustrates the similar expectations that both male and female characters have on their sons and fellow male characters. This includes taking on the role of provider and protector, even in the cases where the female characters are able to look after themselves. The third theme, how female characters capitalise on patriarchy in order to enhance their lives, is elaborated through a close reading of Ayyām ma‘ahu (Days with him) by Kūlīt Khūrī. This theme demonstrates how the female character constructs herself and her world around the idea of a perfect male, whom she thinks will save her. The analysis examines what is seen as ideal traits in a man. It further discusses the change of the female character and how her initial utilisation of patriarchal structure transforms into a critique of the same structure. The fourth theme, male characters as symbols for social and political change, is seen through a close reading of Dimashq yā basmat al-ḥuzn (Damascus, o smile of sadness) by Ulfat al-Idlibī. The chapter connects between changing social ideals and ideal masculinity. Through Bayrūt 75 (Beirut 75) by Ghāda al-Sammān, the fifth theme, the difficulties included in the performance of masculinity, is studied. The problematic masculinity presented is then put in contrast with what appears to be a suggestion that a performance of femininity could be an alternative to unsuccessful masculinity. Whereas the novels differ in their presentation of masculinity and the utilisation of ideal masculinity, they agree on a set of core traits summarised in a hegemonic ideal of masculinity as an ability to provide and protect. The ways in which this should be performed is however closely connected to the female characters’ ideas of emancipation and women’s rights. The female writers’ formulation of masculinity can hence be said to mirror the development of the female characters and their awareness of women’s rights. The thesis hopes that its original contribution to knowledge is the identification and examination of constructed masculinities in Syrian female-authored fiction. Moreover, this thesis studies a body of Syrian fiction previously largely unstudied in Western academia, and in a framework of Swedish, English and Arabic secondary sources.
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Bird, Samantha Louise. "Stepney from the outbreak of the First World War to the Festival of Britain, 1914-1951 : a profile of a London borough during the first half of the 20th century." Thesis, London Metropolitan University, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.507079.
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The motto for Stepney was a magnis ad maiora (from great things to greater) and this thesis attempts to assess how far the area achieved such improvements, and against what odds, during the first half of the 20th Century. The First World War is the starting point of this thesis as it was to have long-term implications for Stepney. Arthur Foley Winnington-Ingram, Bishop of London, in his Easter sermon of 1918 first used the slogan 'They Shall Not Pass'. For Stepney, this was to become a significant slogan during the Battle of Cable Street, eighteen years later, in 1936. Another event in the First World War, which was to have an affect on the country's preparations for the Second World War, was the death of 18 schoolchildren when Upper North Street School was directly struck during a zeppelin raid. This event was one of the main reasons, according to Philip Ziegler, for the later evacuation of schoolchildren from cities across the country. The overall theme for this thesis is the politics of the labour movement during the first half of the 201h Century. What makes Stepney distinctive during this period is its political diversity with the rise of the Labour, Communist and Fascist parties. The politics of the labour movement are addressed through relevant local issues such as housing and ethnicity. Stepney also had a diverse community. During the First and Second World War tensions were heightened within the area due to the internment of military aged 'alien' males. However in the inter-war years there was the significance of the integration of the Jewish community, in particular, into the politics of the labour movement. For Stepney, housing was also an ever-present issue. Poor quality housing characterised Stepney. Throughout the period covered by this thesis, housing was a persistent issue on the borough council. Both the First and Second World War saw a halt to building work, and the subsequent post-war periods saw election campaigns promising that the housing issue would be effectively addressed. A test of the promises in the 1945 election campaign was the Live Architectural Exhibition for the Festival of Britain, which saw the Lansbury estate presented as a pioneering example of modern architecture. This thesis aims to address two further issues which have generally been overlooked by other historians. The first is the tendency of historians to try and encompass the entire East End, which is often undefined, or vague, in their work. This thesis is focused on a s9ecific study of the Stepney area. Secondly historians have often concentrated on the late 19 Century up to the outbreak of the First World War. This research begins with the First World War and climaxes with the Festival of Britain thus aiming to add to our collective knowledge.
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GONDAR, ANELISE FREITAS PEREIRA. "FLOATING DESTINIES, IMAGINED FUTURES: MAKING THE CASE FOR A GLOBAL HISTORY OF GERMAN WOMEN S COLONIAL EDUCATION DURING THE FIRST HALF OF THE 20TH CENTURY." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2018. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=36290@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO<br>COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR<br>PROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTS. DE ENSINO<br>PROGRAMA DE EXCELENCIA ACADEMICA<br>O chamado Novo Imperialismo e os processos colonizatórios levados a cabo pelas grandes potências europeias nos séculos XIX e XX não apenas tiveram um papel fortemente constitutivo nas disciplinas da História, Sociologia, Antropologia e Relações Internacionais como também definiram em grande medida a geopolítica do sistema internacional contemporâneo. Apagado pela sequência de acontecimentos que fizeram do século XX um dos mais conturbados da História Ocidental, o colonialismo alemão tem passado nas últimas décadas por uma revisão profunda do ponto de vista historiográfico. O presente trabalho apresenta os marcos da inserção da mulher durante o Kaiserreich questionando as narrativas que a apresentam como questão. Uma das soluções à Frauenfrage será a criação das escolas coloniais femininas de Witzenhausen, Bad Weilbach e Rendsburg, temática retomada aqui a partir das lentes epistemológicas da História Global. A partir não apenas da história da experiência de formação colonial feminina, mas também de achados documentais que atestam uma troca de cartas entre as egressas da escola por mais de 20 anos, a pesquisa é guiada pelas seguintes perguntas: onde estão, ou estiveram, as mulheres no projeto de formação colonial? (Enloe, 2014) E o que disseram sobre o mundo ao seu redor? As percepções da realidade política e social partilhadas nas Rundbriefe - correspondências que circularam entre a narrativa pública e privada entre os anos o de 1938 e 1960 - desvelam um outro mapa de relações transnacionais: uma cartografia em que mulheres reescreveram os destinos traçados pelo modelo de formação colonial e política populacional da Alemanha imperial definidos no início do século passado, escreveram a partir de novos lugares materiais e sociais e, por fim, construíram narrativas da geopolítica do decorrer do século XX com efeitos até os dias de hoje.<br>During the XIX and XX centuries, what was known as New Imperialism and the wave of colonization fuelled by major European powers played a leading role in structuring studies of History, Sociology, Anthropology and International Relations, while also defining the international framework of contemporary geopolitics, to a great extent. Eclipsed by the string of events that made the XX century one of the most turbulent in Western History, German colonialism has undergone a sweeping review during the past few decades from the historiographic standpoint. This analysis explores the roles of women during the Kaiserreich, examining narratives presenting them as a question. One of the solutions to Frauenfrage was to set up colonial girls schools at Witzenhausen, Bad Weilbach and Rendsburg, exploring this topic here through the epistemological lenses of Global History. Based not only on the track-record of colonial schooling for women, but also documentary findings reflecting exchanges of letters between school friends for more than twenty years, this research project is steered by the following questions; where are (or were) the women addressed by the colonial schooling project? (Enloe, 2014) What did they say about the world around them? Perceptions of the political and social realities are shared in these Rundbriefe that move seamlessly between public and private narratives between 1938 and 1960, disclosing very different depictions of transnational relationships. In this personal cartography, women rewrote the fates shaped for them by the colonial education model and population policies of Imperial Germany defined at the start of the past century. Described from unsuspected locations both in material and social terms, they built up geopolitical narratives that streamed through the XX century, with effects that extend through today.
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Zelinka, Anna. "The history of the Naqshbandi Sufi brotherhood in the North Caucasus : its impact on religious, social and political life of the area in the first half of the 19th century." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.285442.
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Aballéa, Marion. "Un exercice de diplomatie chez l'ennemi : l'ambassade de France à Berlin, 1871-1933." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAG029.
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De 1871 à 1933, l’ambassade de France à Berlin fut à la fois ambassade chez l’ennemi et, du point de vue allemand, ambassade de l’ennemi. Rancœurs et méfiances, si ce n’est toujours adversité, dominent les contacts franco-allemands, et les hommes servant la République Française dans l’Allemagne wilhelmienne puis weimarienne doivent faire avec les difficultés, les contradictions et les frustrations d’une mission immergée dans un Berlin peu accueillant, et dont les objectifs diplomatiques paraissent mal définis. Comment exercer le métier de diplomate dans ces conditions ? La thèse s’attelle à répondre à cette question, observant, des cuisines aux bureaux en passant par les salons de réception, le quotidien du microcosme que constitue, six décennies durant, l’hôtel de France sur la Pariser Platz. Autour des enjeux de l’affrontement, du contournement et du rapprochement, elle interroge le sens, la finalité, les possibilités et les limites d’une diplomatie de résidence en terrain hostile<br>Between 1871 and 1933, the French embassy in Berlin was, seen from France, an embassy sent to the main enemy, and, seen from Germany, the nest of the main enemy in Berlin. Mistrust was the ground principle of the relationship between Paris and Berlin, forcing those representing France in imperial and Weimar Germany to face the obstacles, contradictions and frustrations resulting from a diplomatic mission in an unwelcoming city, and whose goals were not clearly stated. How, in these circumstances, can diplomacy be practiced on a daily basis? Our work aims at answering the question, wandering through the kitchens, the offices as well as the ballroom of the embassy, trying to figure out what the daily life of the French microcosm on the Pariser Platz looked like. Emphasizing how the embassy was, at the same time, confronting French-German rivalry, working around and trying to overcome it, the study sheds light on the meaning, the purpose, the possibilities and the limits of residence diplomacy on hostile ground
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Liao, Hui-Chen. "Louis Laloy (1874-1944), ses activités et son influence sur les compositeurs français inspirés par la civilisation chinoise entre 1900 et 1940." Thesis, Paris 4, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA040213.
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L’objectif de la thèse est d’étudier Louis Laloy (1874-1944), ses activités et son influence sur les compositeurs français inspirés par la civilisation chinoise entre 1900 et 1940. Musicologue, librettiste et compositeur, Louis Laloy fut à la fois grand promoteur de la musique de Claude Debussy, critique musical prolifique, secrétaire général de l’Opéra de Paris et professeur d’esthétique chinoise à l’Institut des Hautes Études Chinoises et d’histoire de la musique au Conservatoire de musique de Paris. Il est cependant peu connu du grand public, malgré ses participations actives et diverses au milieu musical et artistique. En outre, en lisant son Miroir de la Chine, nous apprenons qu’il a entretenu des relations avec des personnalités chinoises et a participé aux événements significatifs et à la fois inédits dans l’histoire des relations culturelles franco-chinoises. Fort de ces premiers éléments, notre travail se propose d’aborder trois aspects : la personnalité de Louis Laloy, les relations franco-chinoises à travers les engagements de Louis Laloy et l’analyse des écrits sur la musique chinoise ainsi que des œuvres musicales d’inspiration chinoise entre 1900 et 1940. La problématique de notre sujet est d’éclaircir le rapprochement entre la théorie musicale et la production musicale, c’est-à-dire, de donner un sens aux liens entre les écrits et les processus créatifs compositionnels. Par ailleurs, l’analyse des fondements théoriques et de l’esthétique chinoise permettra d’engager une réflexion plus générale sur les stratégies du langage musical dans les œuvres dites « à la chinoise », produits d’une délicate alchimie opérée entre techniques occidentales et conceptions artistiques chinoises<br>The main objective of this thesis is to study Louis Laloy (1874-1944), his activities and his influence on French composers who were inspired by the Chinese civilization between 1900 and 1940. Musicologist, librettist and composer, Louis Laloy was a great promoter of Claude Debussy’s music, a prolific critic, the Secretary-general of the Opera de Paris, the professor of Chinese aesthetics at the Institute of Advanced Chinese Studies and the professor of the history of music at the Paris Conservatory. He is, however, little known to the general public despite of his active and diverse participations in the musical and artistic environment. In addition, by reading his writing “Mirror of China”, we learn that he has maintained relations with Chinese personages and has participated in novel and significant events in the history of cultural relations French-Chinese. By virtue of these interesting elements, our work proposes to address three aspects: the personality of Louis Laloy, the cultural relationship between the France and China through the Louis Laloy’s commitments, and the analysis of the writings on Chinese music and of the compositions filled with Chinese inspiration between 1900 and 1940. Our topic is to clarify the rapprochement between the musical theory and the musical production, i.e. to suggest the links between writings and creative processes. Furthermore, the analysis of the theories and Chinese aesthetics will allow engaging a broader reflection on the strategies of musical language in the works so-called "in Chinese", which are the delicate alchemies produced by the Western techniques and Chinese artistic conception
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Amor, López Sílvia. "La pràctica epistolar a Catalunya (1700-1850): usos de la carta familiar." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/293907.
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Durant l’Antic Règim les cartes acomplien diverses funcions, entre elles, les d’informar, instruir, entretenir i divulgar determinades idees o discursos entre la població. La segona meitat del segle XVIII i el XIX representen l’època de màxim esplendor de la correspondència com a mitjà de comunicació i sociabilitat a conseqüència, fonamentalment, de l’increment de la taxa d’alfabetitzats i del desenvolupament del sistema de correus espanyol. Les cartes privades dels nostres avantpassats, no concebudes amb cap intenció literària ni amb el propòsit d’ésser distribuïdes públicament, han esdevingut, amb el pas del temps, documents històrics molt valuosos que poden ésser examinats des de diferents òptiques i/o àmbits científics. Fins ara els que han donat a llum més estudis i publicacions són els literaris o lingüístics i els històrics però l’examen de la correspondència ha estat (i és) útil per a d’altres disciplines com l’antropologia, la sociologia, la paleografia, la diplomàtica, la filosofia i àdhuc la ciència. Els especialistes en història social de la cultura escrita analitzen la carta com a producte escrit i es fixen en els diferents usos, funcions i modalitats de les epístoles, el llenguatge emprat a les mateixes o l’extensió i utilitat social del gènere. A Catalunya, malgrat haver estat un territori especialment fèrtil quant a la producció i la conservació de correspondència epistolar, encara no s’ha localitzat, catalogat i donat a conèixer la totalitat d’aquest ric patrimoni documental ni s’han desenvolupat suficientment els estudis de conjunt sobre la matèria. La finalitat última que persegueix la nostra recerca és cobrir, en part, el buit actualment existent d’estudis relatius a la teoria i la pràctica d’escriptura epistolar circumscrits a l’àmbit territorial català, donant a conèixer, de retruc, algunes correspondències fins ara inèdites. Amb aquest propòsit, hem examinat una quinzena d’epistolaris o reculls de cartes familiars (intercanviades entre els membres d’una mateixa nissaga) dels segles XVIII i primera meitat del XIX fent servir un mètode d’anàlisi de les dades qualitatiu, diacrònic i basat en la selecció d’una mostra representativa d’epístoles i en l’observació d’una sèrie d’ítems. El nostre estudi presta una especial atenció a les característiques formals i temàtiques de les cartes amb la intenció d’establir fins a quin punt la pràctica epistolar s’atenia amb les disposicions teòriques del moment; conèixer quins eren els principals temes de què tractaven les epístoles; i a partir d’aquesta informació, inferir quins foren els usos que hom donà a la correspondència epistolar durant les mencionades centúries i acostar-nos (amb totes les prevencions possibles) a la idiosincràsia de les relacions familiars<br>During the Ancien Régime, letters have accomplished several functions, among those, to inform, instruct, entertain and spread determinate ideas or speeches among the population. The second half of the 18th century and the 19th one, represent the period of maximum splendour of correspondence as a mean of communication and to establish social relations as a result, fundamentally, of the increase of people that became alphabetized and for the development of the Spanish post system. The private letters of our ancestors, no conceived with any literary intention neither with the purpose to be distributed publicly, have become, in the course of time, very valuable historical documents that can be examined from different optics and/or scientific fields. Up till now those that have given to light more studies and publications are the literary or linguistic and the historical fields, but the study of correspondence has been (and is) useful for other disciplines like anthropology, sociology, palaeography, diplomatic, philosophy and even the so considered “pure” or “exact” sciences. Specialists in the writing culture of social history analyse letters as a written product and they focus their attention on the different forms, uses, and functions of letters, the language employed to write them or the extension and social utility of the gender. Catalonia, in spite of have been a territory especially fertile regarding the production and the conservation of correspondence, has still not located, catalogued and introduced the whole of its rich documentary heritage neither it hasn’t developed sufficiently studies of group on the matter. The last purpose that our research pursues is to cover, partly, the gap (at present existent) of studies relative to theory and practice of epistolary writing circumscribed to the Catalan territory. We also would present some correspondences up till now unpublished. With this purpose, we have examined fifteen collects of family letters (exchanged between the members of a same lineage) of the 18th century and the first half of the 19th one using a qualitative and diachronic analysis’ method, which is based in the selection of a representative sample of letters and in the observation of a series of items. Our study pays a special attention to the formal and the thematic characteristics of selected letters to intend to establish to what extent the epistolary practice coincided with the theoretical disposals of the moment; to know which were the main subjects developed in those letters; and from this information, to infer which would be the uses that one gave to correspondence during the aforementioned centuries and to approach us (with all the possible preventions) to the idiosyncrasy of the family relationships.
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Kuntz, Cécile. "Alexandrie, au fil des plans : études sur la cartographie d'Alexandrie : milieu du XIXe siècle - milieu du XXe siècle." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE2112.
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La cartographie d’Alexandrie constitue une source documentaire inestimable et incontournable pour l’étude de l’histoire de la ville. La présente recherche cartographique propose à partir d’un ensemble de 122 plans, issus d’un corpus de près de 700 plans, d’étudier l’histoire des représentations d’Alexandrie du milieu du XIXe siècle au milieu du XXe siècle, selon quatre perspectives : les plans publiés dans les annuaires et les guides, la production cartographique de la famille Nicohosoff, les plans d’assurance ainsi que la réorganisation de la ville pendant la Première Guerre mondiale. La cartographie a été associée à d’autres sources historiques, telles que les mémoires et les relations de voyage, les gravures, les photographies, dont les photographies aériennes, la presse, les guides et les annuaires, ainsi qu’à des archives familiales et à une importante prospection sur le terrain.Une contextualisation des plans, par l’identification ou la vérification de l’auteur, de la date, et le cas échéant de l’ouvrage source, ainsi qu’une comparaison des plans entre eux permet de mieux appréhender ces documents et de les utiliser d’une manière plus adaptée. Une attention toute particulière est portée aux auteurs. Il s’agit ainsi de lier l’histoire des hommes à l’histoire de la ville. D’autres thèmes ont été également abordés tels que ceux des copies incessantes, avec l’identification d’un certain nombre de ces sources, de la concurrence, du droit de propriété et des différents acteurs de la cartographie<br>The cartography of Alexandria represents an invaluable and essential documentary source for the study of the town’s history. The present research is based upon an ensemble of 122 maps chosen from a corpus of almost 700 and intends to study the history of representations of Alexandria from the mid-19th century until the mid-20th century from four perspectives: maps published in almanacs and guidebooks; the cartographic production of the Nicohosoff family; insurance plans; and those developed in relation to the redevelopment of the town during the First World War. The cartography has been associated with other historical sources, such as memoires and travelogues, engravings and photography, including aerial photography, the press, guidebooks and almanacs, as well as family archives and wide-scale investigation on the ground.Setting the maps in context, though identifying or verifying the author, the date and, if not, the source work, alongside comparisons between maps will allow for a better understanding of the documents and manner of their most appropriate use. Particular attention is paid to the authors in order to link the history of men with the history of the town. Other themes are also tackled, such as that of the incessant copying, with the identification of a certain number of these sources, the competition involved, proprietary rights and the different actors within the cartography
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Pruvôt-N'Guyen, Séverine. "Formes et enjeux du dialogue chez Paul Claudel, Paul Valéry, André Gide et Valéry Larbaud." Thesis, Paris 4, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA040087.
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Notre travail s’attache à étudier les particularités de l’emploi du dialogue dans la première moitié du vingtième siècle par Paul Claudel, Paul Valéry, André Gide et Valery Larbaud. Il distingue des appropriations spécifiques du genre chez chacun des auteurs. Il met également en évidence une diversité de ses usages en fonction des sujets abordés et des projets poursuivis. De ces utilisations variées on dégage cependant une même fonction du dialogue : il remplit un rôle médiateur – entre les multiples facettes d’un même écrivain, entre le moi et les autres, entre le monde et une représentation qui tente de l’informer<br>Our work focuses on the study of the peculiarities of the use of the dialogue in the first half of the twentieth century by Paul Claudel, Paul Valéry, André Gide and Valery Larbaud. It shows how each author took hold of the dialogue in his own specific way. It also highlights the various ways these writers used it, depending on the topics chosen and their purposes. However, from these various uses one may draw out a prevailing function of the dialogue : it fulfills the role of a mediation – between the many facets of a writer, between myself and the others, between the world and a representation which tries to have an impact on it
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Bermúdez, Abellán José. "Génesis y evolución del Dibujo como disciplina básica en la segunda Enseñanza." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Murcia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/11074.
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Este trabajo indaga en los antecedentes,orígen y evolución de la enseñanza del Dibujo desde que aparece como disciplina escolar a partir del modelo educativo liberal en 1836 hasta 1936. La primera parte de este estudio, que abarca cien años, analiza el proceso de evolución y consolidación de esta materia como disciplina escolar y cómo adquiere un caracter propio y alcanza la consideración necesaria para formar parte del curriculo de forma permanente. En este proceso de configuración intervienen de forma directa las orientaciones ideológicas de los diferentes gobiernos, el pensamiento pedagógico ilustrado, el desarrollo industrial y la I.L.E. En esta parte se investigan, asímismo, los manuales escolares ya que intervienen de forma directa en la definición del carácter, el objeto y los fines de la enseñanza del Dibujo, así como su actualización científica.La segunda parte de este trabajo se ocupa de los catedráticos de Dibujo de Segunda Enseñanza, pues también ellos intervienen de forma directa en la configuración de la asignatura, al ser ellos quienes escribían los libros de texto, redactaban los temarios y formaban los tribunales de oposición. Indagando, también, en su formación, en las pruebas selectivas que debían superar, en el desarrollo de las mismas y en los programas y memorias que aportaban. Ocupándonos, por último, de la relación de estos profesionales con la sociedad de su época y su intervención en numerosas actividades culturales y artísticas.<br>This essay deals with the background, origins and evolution of the teaching of Drawing since it appeared as a school subject within the liberal educational model in 1836 until 1936. The first part of this essay, which embraces one hundred years, analyses the process of development and consolidation of this discipline as a school subject, and how it gains independence and acquires the necessary consideration to form part of the curriculum in a permanent way. In this process of configuration, there is a direct influence from the ideological orientations of the different governments, from the enlightened pedagogical thinking, from the industrial development and the I.L.E.( Liberal Teaching Institution). Schools materials (books, resources.) are also analysed in this part, because they have a direct influence on the definition of the character, the object and the aims of the teaching of Drawing, as well as on its scientific update. The second part of this essay deals with the grammar-school teachers("catedráticos") of Drawing in Secondary Education ("Bachillerato"), since they also have a direct influence on the configuration of the subject, because they are the ones who wrote the textbooks, designed the curricula and formed the board of examiners for public competitions. Here we also analyse their training, the selection tests that they had to pass as well as the way they were developed, the programming and the reports they provided. Finally, we have also studied the relationship between these professionals and the society of their time, as well as their influence on so many cultural and artistic activities.
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Bartolain-Tolède, Marlène. "Le double éclairage français et allemand de Gustave Oelsner-Monmerqué (1814-1854) sur la société coloniale à Bourbon." Thesis, La Réunion, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LARE0024.
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L'oeuvre de Gustave Oelsner-Monmerqué que notre thèse permet de découvrir offre une vision double, française et allemande, sur la société coloniale à Bourbon au début des années1840. Après une reconstitution détaillée de la biographie d'Oelsner-Monmerqué, l'étude met l'accent sur son pragmatisme abolitionniste dans l'exercice de ses fonctions de rédacteur en chef de la Feuille hebdomadaire de l'île Bourbon et de professeur de philosophie et de proviseur du Collège royal de Bourbon. En Allemagne, il poursuit son militantisme abolitionniste activement par voie littéraire à travers un roman, des articles de presse, des communications et une conférence. En publiant Schwarze und Weiße. Skizzen aus Bourbon (Noirs et Blancs. Esquisses de Bourbon) dans un pays qui ne possède pas d'esclaves, l'écrivain tente de contribuer à une émancipation plus rapide et complète. Son éclairage sur les conditions de la traite clandestine et sur la vie des esclaves dans la société bourbonnaise se distingue par son réalisme qui doit son expressivité au genre littéraire novateur de l'esquisse. Au-delà des frontières, cet ouvrage peut être considéré comme le premier roman abolitionniste bourbonnais<br>Gustave Oelsner-Monmerqué's work unearthed by us and presented in our doctoral thesis offers a double – French and German – vision of colonial society in Bourbon (now Reunion) Island in the early 1840s. This study begins with a detailed reconstitution of Oelsner-Monmerqué's life, then focuses on his abolitionist stance and actions as editor of the Feuille hebdomadaire de l'Ile Bourbon [Bourbon Island Weekly] and philosophy teacher at and principal of the Collège royal de Bourbon high school. Oelsner-Monmerqué pursued his abolitionist activism in Germany through literary channels: a novel, press articles andconferences. By publishing Schwarze und Weiße. Skizzen aus Bourbon [Blacks and Whites. Sketches of Bourbon] in a country which had no slaves, the author meant to contribute to their quicker and more complete emancipation. His descriptions of illegal slave trade and slave life in Bourbon Island's society have a realistic, expressive touch made possible by the use of an innovative literary genre, the sketch. A cross-boundary testimony, this work can be regardedas Bourbon Island's first abolitionist novel
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FUČÍKOVÁ, Miloslava. "Náboženský život v Třebíči od dějinných počátků do první světové války." Master's thesis, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-152515.
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This thesis is focused on the history of the parishes of Třebíč up to the 20th century. It describes the events and the life of the parishes in Třebíč in that time period. The first five chapters report on the history and the religious, cultural and economic life in Třebíč. The sixth chapter is devoted to the era of the First World War. The seventh chapter introduces the personalities of Třebíč who were persecuted by the political regime of that time. A pictorial inset, which complements the study, is a part of this thesis.
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KAO, MEI-YU, and 高美瑜. "The Research of Haipai Jing Ju During The First Half of the 20th Century（1900-1949）." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/v7rwzg.
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博士<br>國立臺北藝術大學<br>戲劇學系碩(博)士班<br>106<br>The main subject of the thesis is “Haipai Jing ju” in the first half of the 20th century, and it focuses on the issue of its differences, variability, and local development with its chief influence, “Jingpai Jing ju.”
Jing ju is an important issue in the study of contemporary Chinese traditional Xiqu. To view it from a vertical historical discourse, historical essays in the past naturally evacuated the development of southern dramas, regarded “Haipai Jing ju” as an result of Jing ju being passed on south to Shanghai after it matured, and neglected the fact that dramas from the south blended with those from the north and multiplied in the process of development. With respect to horizontal research into performing art, they focused on “role categories and schools”, which had the most abundant achievements. However, the aforementioned two aspects were from a perspective circling Beijing, and thus, we might see something completely different if “Haipai Jing ju” was the main focus of observation.
First of all, dramas from the south had solid foundation as numerous talents gathered there. Additionally, when the systematic tunes of Hui, Han, Kun and Bang music converged and developed in Beijing, the theatrical companies of these tunes had had audience and quite a few performers as well in Shanghai. Whether the Beijing tune being passed on to south could be the only important nutrition for various tunes and genres of dramas that fermented in Shanghai is the first question the study proposes for historical records on Jing ju. Moreover, the center of a traditional opera was the performances of actors, and all scenes on the stage depended on them, which is almost reasonable common sense. However, according to the research survey, the study found that the performances of Haipai Jing ju in the 20th century did not entirely adopt traditional aesthetics expressing artistic conception, and that the focus on the stage and the entire creation were not necessarily actors-centered.
We can even say that in practicing the production system of “union of theatrical companies with troupes,” capital holders commanded the management right and leading right for plays. A theater manager determined the ultimate look of a performance upon taking costs, profits and risks into consideration. As a result, a theater became production-oriented, and the professions and styles of individual characters were no longer the only consideration for creation. Theatrical performances thus became like variety shows and were synthetic. Additionally, the selling points of a work depended on complicated plots, props and scenes and the performances of actors. Both leading actors and ordinary members of a theatrical troupe were hired by theater managers, and the gap of their salaries was quite large depending on their fame and social status. Therefore, leading actors being modeled as stars were the investment costs of a theater, so they had no right to choose a character and had to be familiar with different roles and the essence of performances, blend a variety of performing elements and directly interpret a figure to show their characteristics by transcending rules for role categories.
Performing art has the features of relying on contemporary space and time, being difficult to preserve and transient. The artistic meaning of Haipai Jing ju, in particular, is difficult for later generations to comprehend as it lacked a school successor to pass it on and reproduce it. Fortunately, the author successively found hundreds of old photographs of Haipai Jing ju and recorded over three hundred phonograph records sung by renowned actors of Haipai between 1905 and 1946 when collecting data in China, and they have facilitated the possibility of probing into the aesthetics of Haipai Jing ju in the study.
With the assistance of newspapers, photographs and phonograph records along with oral history by actors, the study attempts to piece together the historical performances of Haipai Jing ju with words, visual and audio records and memories. Additionally, based on the development and ecology of the subject, the study probes into the aesthetic law of the art of Haipai Jing ju from an external mechanism inward from the following four issues to complement newspapers, stages, market mechanism and other external levels where most of current researches were based on.
“A Look at Jingpai and Haipai—Review of Beijing-Centered Perspective in Jing ju Circles” shares its viewpoints regarding the writing of Jing ju history and proposes some questions. Additionally, it differentiates and analyzes differences between Jingpai and Haipai. “Profits Come First—By Observing Theater Managers” probes into how a theater manager dominates a performance. “Dramas from Scenes—Props and Scenes Serve as Core Thought of Creation” discusses transformation and breakthrough Haipai Jing ju experienced in creation thought and performing rules. “Reborn Locally—Performing Features of Haipai Jing ju Developing Locally” has a preliminary exploration of how Jing, Hui, Kun and Bang music converged again and produced a new singing tune in chorus.
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Tsai, Yu-Lu, and 蔡育潞. "The Religious Toleration and the Transformation of Anglicanism in the First Half of the 19th-century England." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/32898655921958269790.
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碩士<br>國立臺灣大學<br>歷史學研究所<br>100<br>This thesis aims to discuss the development of religious toleration in 19th-century England and the subsequent transformation of Anglicanism. The main issues include the Corporation and Test Acts Repeal Act of 1828, the Roman Catholic Relief Act in the next year and the Oxford Movement in the following period. From the ancient times, kings or rulers had tended to bring religious affairs under control, thus making their rule more solid and their state well-ordered. However, the predominance of the papacy in the high middle ages threatened the secular powers, so during the Reformation many kings and princes seized the opportunity to gain back their power. After the Anglican Church was founded, Nonconformists and Catholics had had few citizen rights, and since then some severe politic storms had arisen, e. g. the Civil War, and the party system had emerged as well. The Whigs tended to be sympathetic towards the Dissenters and the Catholics, while the Tories were the advocates of the Anglican Church. During the seventeenth century, the idea of toleration developed, and most dissenters were allowed to worship after the Glorious Revolution. In the next century, a series of Indemnity acts were passed to loosen the Corporation and Test Acts, which demanded those who will hold public offices take the sacraments in the Anglican Church. Most of the Whigs adhered to liberalism and tried to repeal the Corporation and Test Acts and to pass the Roman Catholic Bill, whereas some conservative Tories stood in their path. The ‘ultra-Tories’ opposed toleration very firmly, but others like Sir Robert Peel and the Duke of Wellington, who had voted against those bills at first, prepared to compromise. The foregoing bills passed with a premise that those who will be officials should promise not to injury or weaken the Anglican Church. Although the Establishment system was preserved, the Church of England was not in the ascendant anymore and its privileges were also going to be deprived; thus its relationship with the state became more irrelevant. Under such circumstances, churchmen such as C. J. Blomfield, one of the most important figures of the Ecclesiastical Commissioners, and the Oxford theologians tried to emphasize the spiritual role of the Church, the latter stating that the Anglican Church derived its authority from the primitive church and clergymen were the teachers leading the Christians to comprehend the religious doctrines and the truth. Therefore, the unity of the state and the church began to disintegrate.
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Hrajnohová, Jana. "Mariánské Lázně a jejich hosté. Místo setkávání kulturních a politických elit střední Evropy." Master's thesis, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-305712.
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This thesis deals with the phenomenon of attendance of Marienbad and its region in the 19th and at the beginning of the 20th century, when travelling for health and progress of tourism in spas became an inseparable part of social, economic and political life. The thesis shows everyday spa life in this period from the point of view of spa visitors, at the same time emphasizes social and economic aspect of given problems of history, as well as progress of tourism and travelling in this area. The thesis is regionally focused, but it has also more general overlap to the question of balneology and health resorts in European benchmark. The thesis shows Marienbad as a cosmopolitan place - meeting point of cultural, political, economic and territorial elite.
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CHENG, HSIAO-YUAN, and 程筱媛. "The Research of the History of Peking Opera Actresses’ Performances in Shanghai During the First Half of the 20th Century (1900-1949)." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/642h64.
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碩士<br>國立臺北藝術大學<br>戲劇學系碩(博)士班<br>107<br>Since the ban of the Qing government in the late 17th century, females were expelled from the field of performing art. Therefore, Peking Opera, which arose in the mid-19th century, developed a performing system that conformed male physiological conditions due to male-only circumstance. Until the 1870s to 1880s, female theatrical companies began to appear in Shanghai, these theatrical companies that were comprised all by women were called Mao-Er Ban. In the late 19th century, the female theatrical companies entered the market of Shanghai Peking Opera performance and started to perform in professional theaters, so-called Cha Yuan. In the next fifty years, more and more females dedicated themselves to the area of Peking Opera performance. The significant development of their art performance brought a great change to the world of Peking Opera, which used to only belong to males. However, in the current works of theatrical history, actresses are usually some names bundled with the actors. Their importance was not fully reflected in the research and descriptions of Peking Opera history.
The subjects of this thesis are the Shanghai Peking Opera actresses in the early 20th century. It constructs the thread of the situation that Peking Opera actresses were facing in these fifty years. The development of Peking Opera actresses had been through playing in Cha Yuan, entertainment centers, modern theaters, and mini-theaters. And the transformation of single-gender theatrical companies to mixed-gender ones. On the other hand, this thesis inquires the reasons of the development tendency of Peking Opera actresses. It shows the dilemma that the actresses were facing in three aspects, which were the performers themselves, the development of Peking Opera, and the general Peking Opera performance environment in Shanghai. By constructing the situation of Peking Opera actress development and inquiring the points mentioned above, in the end, it is found that the major influence that the actresses brought to the development of Peking Opera was the complete transformation of its sexual structure. In terms of the performance, the great amounts of females who participated in acting Dan had improved the status of Dan in Peking Opera. In terms of the employers, the actresses became important performers and disseminators of the performing art of Peking Opera. Their appearance, disposition, and musical quality that are different from male performers had gradually changed the audience’s aesthetic value.
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CHEN, YI-JING, and 陳怡靜. "The Development of Tibetan Buddhism at the First Half of the 20th Century in China: Focusing on the Case of Shanghai Area." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/46951667493288796117.
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Koenigsknecht, Theresa A. ""But the half can never be told" : the lives of Cannelton's Cotton Mill women workers." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/4655.
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Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)<br>From 1851 to 1954, under various names, the Indiana Cotton Mills was the dominant industry in the small town of Cannelton, Indiana, mostly employing women and children. The female industrial laborers who worked in this mill during the middle and end of the nineteenth century represent an important and overlooked component of midwestern workers. Women in Cannelton played an essential role in Indiana’s transition from small scale manufacturing in the 1850s to large scale industrialization at the turn of the century. In particular, this work will provide an in-depth exploration of female operatives’ primary place in Cannelton society, their essential economic contributions to their families, and the unique tactics they used in attempts to achieve better working conditions in the mill. It will also explain the small changes in women’s work experiences from 1854 to 1884, and how ultimately marriage, not industrial work, determined the course of their later lives.
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KERHARTOVÁ, Lucie. "Dramatická a publicistická činnost Otokara Fischera." Master's thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-174461.
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This dissertation is centered on the personality of Otokar Fischer and his relationship towards theatre and journalism. Important was his action in National Theatre and therefore one of the chapters is dedicated to it. Also cannot be missed Fischer' s individual dramatic output and his contributions to period journals, thanks to which he actively shares merits of modern culture creation since the first half of the 20th century.
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KALUZSNÁ, Vendula. "Klavírní dílo Josefa Suka." Master's thesis, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-187518.
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This dimploma thesis deals with the contemporary context of the social and cultural relations in Bohemia in the second half of 19th century and at the begining of 20th century. The thesis highlights essential personalities of those times as they were seen through the prism of musical life within the boundaries of leading musical institutions of those times. Furhtermore the thesis refers to relations of these giants with Josef Suk and focuses on Suk's piano compositions in detail within the context of his complete works.
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Liao, Hui-chen. "Louis Laloy (1874-1944), ses activités et son influence sur les compositeurs français inspirés par la civilisation chinoise entre 1900 et 1940." Thesis, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA040213.
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L’objectif de la thèse est d’étudier Louis Laloy (1874-1944), ses activités et son influence sur les compositeurs français inspirés par la civilisation chinoise entre 1900 et 1940. Musicologue, librettiste et compositeur, Louis Laloy fut à la fois grand promoteur de la musique de Claude Debussy, critique musical prolifique, secrétaire général de l’Opéra de Paris et professeur d’esthétique chinoise à l’Institut des Hautes Études Chinoises et d’histoire de la musique au Conservatoire de musique de Paris. Il est cependant peu connu du grand public, malgré ses participations actives et diverses au milieu musical et artistique. En outre, en lisant son Miroir de la Chine, nous apprenons qu’il a entretenu des relations avec des personnalités chinoises et a participé aux événements significatifs et à la fois inédits dans l’histoire des relations culturelles franco-chinoises. Fort de ces premiers éléments, notre travail se propose d’aborder trois aspects : la personnalité de Louis Laloy, les relations franco-chinoises à travers les engagements de Louis Laloy et l’analyse des écrits sur la musique chinoise ainsi que des œuvres musicales d’inspiration chinoise entre 1900 et 1940. La problématique de notre sujet est d’éclaircir le rapprochement entre la théorie musicale et la production musicale, c’est-à-dire, de donner un sens aux liens entre les écrits et les processus créatifs compositionnels. Par ailleurs, l’analyse des fondements théoriques et de l’esthétique chinoise permettra d’engager une réflexion plus générale sur les stratégies du langage musical dans les œuvres dites « à la chinoise », produits d’une délicate alchimie opérée entre techniques occidentales et conceptions artistiques chinoises<br>The main objective of this thesis is to study Louis Laloy (1874-1944), his activities and his influence on French composers who were inspired by the Chinese civilization between 1900 and 1940. Musicologist, librettist and composer, Louis Laloy was a great promoter of Claude Debussy’s music, a prolific critic, the Secretary-general of the Opera de Paris, the professor of Chinese aesthetics at the Institute of Advanced Chinese Studies and the professor of the history of music at the Paris Conservatory. He is, however, little known to the general public despite of his active and diverse participations in the musical and artistic environment. In addition, by reading his writing “Mirror of China”, we learn that he has maintained relations with Chinese personages and has participated in novel and significant events in the history of cultural relations French-Chinese. By virtue of these interesting elements, our work proposes to address three aspects: the personality of Louis Laloy, the cultural relationship between the France and China through the Louis Laloy’s commitments, and the analysis of the writings on Chinese music and of the compositions filled with Chinese inspiration between 1900 and 1940. Our topic is to clarify the rapprochement between the musical theory and the musical production, i.e. to suggest the links between writings and creative processes. Furthermore, the analysis of the theories and Chinese aesthetics will allow engaging a broader reflection on the strategies of musical language in the works so-called "in Chinese", which are the delicate alchemies produced by the Western techniques and Chinese artistic conception
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Soušek, Josef. "Češi a Němci v Českých Budějovicích v 2. polovině 19. století a 1. polovině 20. století." Master's thesis, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-390517.
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This thesis focuses on the relationships between Czechs and Germans in České Budějovice during the second half of the 19th century and the first half of the 20th century. The main emphasis is on the influence the church had on the relationships between the two nations in the time and place mentioned above, as they were described in the collected sources and historic literature. This thesis concentrates mainly on these topics: religious life, community life and education. The conclusion of my work is the discovery that the church and the individual congregations did not participate in the national struggle in the town. They only tried to work to the benefit of the town and its citizens. In case they set up organizations such as schools, clubs, hospitals, it was because they were missing in the town or because they did not exist in sufficient numbers for the ever-evolving town of České Budějovice. It did not matter whether it was a school for Czech or German children, for example. Also, the nationality of the members of the church and congregations themselves was not necessarily decisive. Although the knowledge of both Czech and German language in the town was an important prerequisite. More significant problems arose only with the Redemptorist college, which became unintentionally by the...
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KOHOUT, Jakub. "VYBRANÉ ŘEMESLNÉ ŽIVNOSTI A DOMÁCÍ VÝROBA V NĚKDEJŠÍM SOUDNÍM OKRESE ŽĎÁR NA MORAVĚ V PRVNÍ POLOVINĚ 20. STOLETÍ." Master's thesis, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-48785.
Full textAbstract:
The present study aims to assess the history of the selected craft industry and domestic production during the first part of 20th century within the jurisdiction of Žďár na Moravě. The first two chapters characterize physiography and socio - geography of the studied region. The next short passage describes some important connection between the region and state economy. Thereinafter, Tradesmen´s Association acting within the region during the studied period is mentioned. The subsequent chapter is made up by overview of craft industries for all villages, summarized in tables with appropriate legends. People mobility, their migration due to work as well as gender questions during the first part of 20th century was resolved, too. The primary source of relevant information data was found in the Státní okresní archiv in Žďár nad Sázavou, also in the Moravský zemský archiv in Brno and its subbranch in Kunštát. The hooked illustrations were obtained from the Regionální muzeum in Žďár nad Sázavou and Horácké muzeum in Nové Město na Moravě. The document text is divided into nine chapters; some of them even to subchapters. Appendix is made up of the cartographical part including two maps, sixteen figures, one table and the graph illustrating development of the population numbers during the years 1890 - 1950.
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MICHÁLKOVÁ, Monika. "Obsahová analýza českých filosofických časopisů první poloviny dvacátého století." Master's thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-170111.
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The theme of this thesis are The Czech philosophical magazines issued in the first half of the twentieth century. The first part of my work describes particular personalities, trends and problems of the Czech philosophy in the first half of 20th century. The second part of my work is devoted to characteristic of the magazines of Česká mysl (Czech Mind), Ruch filosofický (Philosophical Stir) and Filosofická revue (Philosophical Revue). The development of the Czech positivist philosophy and idealism is assessed in the way as it was formed on pages of philosophical magazines in the first half of 20th century. The aim of this work is to sum up the participation of philosophical magazines in formation of the Czech philosophy in the first half of the 20th century.
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Štofaník, Jakub. "Jocismus: sociální hnutí katolické církve v 1. polovině 20. století." Master's thesis, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-296424.
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The work examines formation of the Catholic Church's social teaching from the end of the nineteenth century until the end of the World War II. It pays attention to official documents denoting its realm as well as to the response to the programme within the Belgian milieu. On the example of La jeunesse ouvrière chrétienne the work tries to indentify foundations of the Church's social teaching along with changes, shifts and adaptations that appeared in their unique form in the JOC movement. The work also notices origins, formation and development of JOC itself. This historic and religious topic is set in wider social and cultural context. Latter part of the work is devoted to particularities in the acceptance of Church's social teaching in Czechoslovakia in between the world wars.
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Sikora, Dorota. "Dva autoři - Dvě díla - Dvojí obraz světa (Vladimír Neff - Jaroslaw Iwaszkiewicz)." Master's thesis, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-295964.
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Resumé v anglickém jazyce Summary This thesis is an attempt to show two authors and mainly two of their major works created in two different cultures, concluded by comparison of these two key works. Vladimír Neff, through his five-part cycle of novels Sňatky z rozumu (and following) dealing to the broad extent with the lives of members of Born and Nedobyl families, has proved his outstanding narrative skills which, together with a fair dose of irony and perfect knowledge of historical facts, make this pentalogy Neff's life work that in a remarkable manner made its way into the history of Czech literature. The author draws very accurate picture of Prague changing over a hundred of years and portrays the glamour of the age that is to be noted for the pursuit of economic and technological progress. Thanks to psychologically very thoroughly and accurately depicted key figures of the founders of abovementioned families, some of which were given the typically bourgeois features by Neff, the readers become close witnesses of their rise and fall. Jaroslaw Iwaszkiewicz in his relatively extensive work Čest a sláva presents the life of two generations on the historical and social background depicted in great detail. It captures the hasty and sometimes breakneck changes in the modern history and the fate of the Polish...
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Mikačová, Lucie. "Být učitelem na valašské venkovské škole v první polovině 20. století." Master's thesis, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-346745.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis deals with the position and everydayness of Valašsko region teachers at primary schools in the first half of 20th century. Firstly the thesis discusses the range of the Valašsko region and a diversity of its definition, then it deals with the characteristics of Valašsko education system in comparison to other regions. The situation illustrates with the example of one - class school Na Soláni. It describes Valašsko pupil, his living conditions and food. The teacher is characterized not only as an educator but also as a person with his personal interests. The last two chapters provide a probe into the fates of two teachers - Metoděj Jahn (a teacher, a writer, a folklorist) and Cyril Mach (a teacher, an organizer of social life, a promoter of tourism and a progressives). Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Karbanová, Petra. "Periodický tisk Frenštátu pod Radhoštěm v 1. polovině 20. století." Master's thesis, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-267659.
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Diploma thesis named Periodicals in Frenštát pod Radhoštěm in the 1st half of 20th century describes press developmental changes issued in Frenštát pod Radhoštěm. Firstly, thesis characterizes what kind of press has been issued in Frenštát, what was in its content, who was the target group and how the press reflected current issues. Thesis is divided into three historical parts according to global political issues and changes in press trends. Mentioned three parts are the periods between 1900 -1918, 1918 - 1945, 1945 - 1950, when the press trends had been changing step by step from popularity of the local press and magazines expansion, towards political press and establishing of company magazine. All this changes are reflected on the background of town and global history. The reader is in introduction briefly acquainted with the town history, its cultural wealth, famous persons, development of the local clubs and industry. Secondly follows the main part of the thesis, where is in detail described particular types of newspapers in mentioned time periods. Part of the thesis is quantitative content analysis of two chosen newspapers with aim to determinate, what were the topics, in what range, who was the target group and what type of news was dominating: local, nationwide or global.
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Moldová, Klára. "Demlova rodina v dopisech a díle." Master's thesis, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-310382.
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The diploma thesis titled Jakub Deml's Family in Miscellaneous Letters and in His Work encloses an edition of letters of the writer Jakub Deml (1878-1961), which were delivered from him to his family. The correspondence of the years 1902-1961 comprises 81 letters. The mail explains many events which took place in the author's life, and it elucidates also several facts enabling deeper understanding of his work. An edition commentary, list of the mail, name register and annotation is attached to the edition of the correspondence. The supplementary commentary introduces the most important members of the author's family, deals with the reflections of the characters of mother and sister Matylda in the work and describes the form of the two kinship chronicles: V Zabajkalí and Mohyla.
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Martins, Nuno Gonçalo Simões. "A Companhia Carris de Ferro de Lisboa (1901-1926). Política, rede de transportes e evolução urbana." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/43963.
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Esta tese de mestrado é dedicada às origens e impacto da Companhia Carris de Ferro na cidade de Lisboa, desde o início do século XX até ao final da década de 20, mas com uma ligeira incursão pelo final do século XIX. Sobre esta empresa, não existe uma investigação de conjunto que sirva de charneira ao advento de trabalhos mais desenvolvidos ou sequer uma série de artigos que permitam uma linha de investigação no sentido de trazer alguma luz sobre este setor da economia e o seu papel no desenvolvimento da cidade de Lisboa. Todavia, esta escassez surge-nos estranha se tivermos em atenção, por exemplo, o resultado das inovações aplicadas ao transporte urbano e os efeitos, nem sempre benéficos, que causou na mobilidade da cidade. Apesar destes testemunhos sobre o que terá sido o desenvolvimento da rede de transportes e o
advento da tração elétrica, pouco se explica sobre o porquê, o como e o quando destas alterações.
A Companhia Carris de Ferro foi fundada em 18 de setembro de 1872, no Rio de Janeiro, chegando a Lisboa no ano seguinte. Esta nova empresa beneficiou do resultado da profunda transformação a nível tecnológico, cientifico e técnico do final do século XIX e princípios do século XX, mas também, dos esforços políticos da autarquia lisboeta e do governo no sentido de se estabelecer uma rede de transportes na capital que se pudesse equiparar com outras cidades europeias, sendo necessário, para isso, articular este estudo com outros semelhantes a nível europeu. Através da análise detalhada das linhas e percursos das carreiras, mas também do discurso político dos vereadores da Câmara Municipal de Lisboa e das relações que dispunham com os diferentes membros que compunham a direção da Companhia Carris de Ferro, pretende se conceber uma orientação possível para esta problemática. Em suma, a partir importância estratégica da mobilidade urbana, analisa-se o impacto da Companhia Carris de Ferro em Lisboa, nomeadamente, na qualidade de agente de mudança, inovação e modernidade.<br>This Master's thesis focuses on the origins and impact of Companhia Carris de Ferro in Lisbon, from the beginning of the 20th Century until the end of the 20’s, but with a slight detour by the end of the 19th Century. There is no in-depth research about this company that leads to other, more developed, works, there is no series of articles that allow for a line of investigation to shed some light on this economy sector and the role it plays in the development of Lisbon. However, this shortfall is puzzling if, for instance, we take into account the results of the innovations applied to urban transportation and the, not always positive, results it caused on the city’s mobility. Despite these testimonies about the development of the transportation network and the arrival of the electric traction, there is little explanation about the why, how and when of these changes. Companhia Carris de Ferro was established on September 18th 1872, in Rio de Janeiro, arriving in Lisbon the following year. This new company benefited from the results of an extensive transformation, on a technological, scientific and technical level, which took place at the end of the 19th Century and the beginning of the 20th Century, but also from the political efforts of both the local authorities from Lisbon and the Government to establish a transportation network in the city matching those of other European cities. To do that, it was necessary to combine this article with other similar ones on a European level. Through the detailed analysis of bus lines and routes, but also through the political speeches of city councillors of Lisbon’s City Hall and the relationships they had with the different members of Carris’ board of directors, the aim is to provide a possible guidance regarding this issue. In short, based on the strategic importance of urban mobility, the impact of Companhia Carris de Ferro in Lisbon is analysed as an agent of change, innovation and modernity.
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Theron, Bridget, and Bridget Mary Theron-Bushell. "Puppet on an imperial string? Owen Lanyon in South Africa, 1875-1881." Thesis, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/741.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis is a study of British colonial policy in southern Afiica in the 1 gill centwy. More
specifically it looks at how British imperial policy, in the period 1875 to 1881, played itself out
in two British colonies in southern Africa, Wlder the direction of a British imperial agent,
William Owen Lanyon. It sets Lanyon in the context of the frontiers and attempts to link the
histories of the people who lived there, the Africans, Boers and British settlers on the one han~
and the histories of colonial policy on the other. In doing so it also unravels the relationship
between Lanyon and his superiors in London and those in southern Africa.
In 1875 Owen Lanyon arrived in Griqualand West, where his brief was to help promote a
confederation policy in southern Africa. Because of the discovery of diamonds some years
earlier, Lanyon's administration had to take account of the rising mining industry and the
aggressive new capitalist economy. He also had to deal with Griqua and Tlhaping resistance to
colonialism. Lanyon was transferred to the Transvaal in 1879, where he was confronted by
another community that was dissatisfied with British rule: the Transvaal Boers. Indeed, in
Pretoria he was faced with an extremely difficult situation, which he handled very poorly. Boer
resistance to imperial rule eventually came to a head when war broke out and Lanyon and his
officials were among those besieged in Pretoria. In February 1881 imperial troops suffered defeat
at the hands of Boer commandos at Majuba and Lanyon was recalled to Britain.
In both colonies Lanyon was caught up in the struggle between the imperial power and the local
people and, seen in a larger context, in the conflict for white control over the land and labour of
Africans and that between the old pre-mineral South Africa and the new capitalist order. He
made a crucial contribution to developments in the sub-continent and it is remarkable that his
role in southern Africa has thus far been neglected.<br>History<br>D.Litt. et Phil. (History)
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ČÍŽKOVÁ, Jitka. "Vliv koncepce dějin F. Palackého na soudobou historickou prózu." Master's thesis, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-80502.
Full textAbstract:
Diplomová práce přináší příspěvek k problematice inspirace historické prózy devatenáctého století odbornou dějepisnou literaturou. Jejím úkolem je zhodnocení provázanosti Palackého husitské koncepce s vybranými dvěma povídkami Josefa Kajetána Tyla, jejichž děj je situován do první poloviny patnáctého století v Čechách. První část diplomové práce uvádí stručnou charakteristiku obou autorů a jejich tvorby s historickou tematikou. Následující teoretická kapitola je věnována pohledu na husitství v devatenáctém století. Druhá část práce je zaměřena prakticky, neboť vedle srovnání výkladu dějin oběma autory také obsahuje subjektivní interpretaci literárních kvalit postav a okolností, jež si Tyl domýšlí.
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Theron, Bridget. "Puppet on an imperial string? :." Thesis, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/16188.
Full text