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Šinkūnaitė, Laima. "Christian Iconography: Changes in the 19th Century – first half of the 20th Century." SOTER: Journal of Religious Science 54 (2015): 69–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.7220/2335-8785.54(82).5.
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Popelková, Renata. "Changes in woodland cover in the Karviná district from the second half of the 18th century to the beginning of the 21st century." Ekológia (Bratislava) 37, no. 2 (2018): 134–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/eko-2018-0013.
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AbstractThis study analyses the changes in woodland cover from the mid-18th century to the turn of the 21st century in a distinctive region of the Czech Republic – the Karviná district. This region has been substantially affected by the process of industrialisation during the 19th and 20th centuries, which transformed a formerly agricultural landscape into a landscape heavily impacted by underground coal mining and related landscape processes. The occurrence of woodland cover in the Karviná district was determined from historical military maps (second half of the 18th century, first half of the 19th century, second half of the 19th century, first half of the 20th century) and from a colour orthophoto (2017) verified with reference to a contemporary map. The article interprets the occurrence of woodland cover depicted in the abovementioned sources and presents an interpretative key. The vectorisation of the woodland cover and the analysis of temporal–spatial changes in woodland cover were conducted using ArcGIS 10 software.
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Tychinskikh, Z. A. "Tatar Population of Western Siberia in the Second Half of the XIX — First Third of the XX Centuries: Historical and Demographic Characteristics." Nauchnyi dialog, no. 1 (January 27, 2021): 411–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2021-1-411-425.
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The dynamics of urbanization processes among the Tatar population of Western Siberia during the second half of the 19th — first third of the 20th centuries is considered on the basis of the materials of the First General Census of the Population of the Russian Empire in 1897 and the All-Union Census of 1926. The main attention in the article is paid to the factors that influenced urbanization processes, among which are the bourgeois reforms of the second half of the 19th century, the Stolypin reform of the early 20th century, as well as the policy of the emerging Soviet state in the 20s of the 20th century. The results of a comparative analysis with the general situation in the country in the study period for the Tatar and Russian population are presented. The question is raised about the role and place of Tatar migrants from the Volga and Ural regions in the cities of Western Siberia. Particular attention is paid to the demographic indicators of urbanization processes, identifying the features of their course. The novelty of the research is seen in the fact that the process of the formation of the urban Tatar population in the second half of the 19th — the first third of the 20th centuries is for the first time considered in historical dynamics. The relevance of the study is due to the poor study of the topic.
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Kumpikaitė, Eglė, and Rimvydas Milašius. "Lithuanian National Costume in the 19th Century and in the 2nd Half of the 20th Century: Cultural Pollution and Remains of Authenticity." Societies 11, no. 1 (2021): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/soc11010017.
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Lithuanian authors, authors abroad, and artists have presented Lithuanian folk clothes in their works. However, the oldest examples of these representations are not very reliable, because the authors painted them according to the descriptions of other people or copied works among each other. In the 20th century, the national costume of Lithuania changed considerably. Attention was not given to ethnographic regional peculiarities; instead, similar materials were chosen without any analysis. This article performs a comparative analysis of folk (the 19th century to the first half of the 20th century) and national (the second half of the 20th century) Lithuanian costumes to establish signs of cultural pollution and remaining authenticity. Over 500 articles of clothing with different purposes are collected from Lithuanian museums. Fabric parameters, such as raw materials, weaving technique, weave, pattern, decoration elements, etc., are established. The research results show that authentic folk clothes of the 19th century differ from the national costume of the second half of the 20th century in their cut, decoration, and patterns. No differences between ethnographic regions survived in the national costumes. Thus, at present, we must preserve our tangible heritage and re-create, as authentically as possible, national costume for folk songs and dance ensembles, folk restaurants, and rural tourism homesteads.
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Закутня, А. Ю. "Printed advertising of the end of the 19th — the first half of the 20th centuries in the context of a search of a source basis for a detailed description of the Ukrainian urban koine of this period." Studia Philologica, no. 10 (2018): 39–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.28925/2311-2425.2018.10.6.
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The city as a peculiar form of social organization is interesting for the representatives of many trends of scientific research: economists, sociologists, culturologists, historians, linguists. The subject of our interest is the functioning of the Ukrainian language in the cities of Bukovyna and Galicia at the end of the 19th century — the first half of the 20th century, in the urban environment of the Ukrainian diaspora settlement. Historical and socio-political conditions of the formation of the Ukrainian city koinй as one of the preconditions for the development of Ukrainian literature (particularly in the territory of Western Ukraine) — are still one of largely unexplored problems of Ukrainian linguistics — in both theoretical and practical aspects, which predetermines the relevance of the topic of our study. The aim of this article is the analysis of Ukrainian advertising texts at the end of the 19th century — the first half of the 20th century and identification of such lexical and syntagmatic units that can be classified as elements of the city koine. To perform linguistic analysis we have involved over 80 language units (words, nominative word combinations, word variants) used for the nomination of over 30 items of commodity circulation belonging to the following lexical-semantic groups: names of clothing, footwear and other details of the wardrobe; names of household items of urban dwellers (personal use items). For every word of the aforementioned lexical-semantic groups we have provided illustrating contexts, commentaries concerning the meaning, use, origin, their record in different kinds of dictionaries, sometimes giving information from Polish lexicography, Polish and German electronic corpora. We have analyzed the names of urban life items, documented in the Ukrainian advertisement at the end of the 19thcentury — the first half of the 20th century, that certify that the majority of such names are borrowings adapted on the Ukrainian language background: from German, Polish, French, Italian, Spanish, etc. Mainly Polish and German played an intermediary role in the assimilation of these words. We believe that lexical units and nominative word combinations recorded in the advertising texts of the 19th century — the first half of the 20thcentury, may serve as a basis for the register of lexicographic works of a specialized type, for instance, the Dictionary of Ukrainian Advertisement; the Dictionary of Western Ukrainian Variants of Literary Language of the 19th century — the first half of the 20th century, etc.
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Ewertowski, Tomasz. "‘Yellow Race’ in Polish and Serbian Travel Writing from the Second Half of the 19th Century and the First Half of the 20th Century." Przegląd Humanistyczny 62, no. 3 (462) (2018): 127–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.7696.
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The main goal of the paper is to show how a discourse on the so-called yellow race functioned in the Polish and Serbian travel writings from the second half of the 19th century and the first half of the 20th century. Examination of the semantics of the term ‘yellow race’ is also proffered. Analysis of writers from Poland and Serbia makes it possible to introduce an interesting comparative perspective. Three main problems analyzed in the article are: a conflict of races, interracial relationships and the so-called yellow peril.
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Moiseenko, Valentina M. "Assessments of the effects of permanent internal migration in the Russian literature at the late 19th and early 20th centuries." Population and Economics 3, no. 2 (2019): 10–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/popecon.3.e37973.
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In the context of the agrarian crisis in Russia (USSR) in the second half of the 19th and the first third of the 20th century, much attention in the socio-political literature was paid to the migration of peasants to the extensive undeveloped areas, mainly to the east of the Ural mountains. The changing characteristics of migration and migration policies during this period have resulted in a variety of methods for assessing the effects of migration. The experience of the second half of the 19th and the first third of the 20th century is interesting not only in the dynamics of assessment of the effects, but also in the logical conclusion of the study of this problem. It is known that even today the effects of migration remain a complex and largely unsolved research task.
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Gracheva, Alla Mikhailovna. "ITALY IN THE RUSSIAN DESTINIES OF THE LATE 19th — FIRST HALF OF THE 20th CENTURY." Russkaya literatura 2 (2021): 255–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.31860/0131-6095-2021-2-255-257.
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Lee, Jeonghee. "Scientific Basis of French Eugenic Mouvement:From the Second Half of the 19th Century to the First Half of the 20th Century." Journal of School Social Work 83 (August 30, 2021): 335–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.37924/jssw.83.11.
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Turk, Theresa. "Joseph Landsberger (1848–1933): Medical Man in a Time of Change." Journal of Medical Biography 13, no. 2 (2005): 95–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096777200501300207.
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Joseph Landsberger was a Jewish doctor in Germany in the second half of the 19th and much of the first half of the 20th century. He was involved in the scientific advances of his time, especially in the fields of antisepsis and asepsis, bacteriology, surgical technique, public health and therapeutics.
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Fomenko, V. A., and A. T. Dzhumagulova. "History of Karras Colony and Nearby Settlements of Europeans in 19th — First Half of 20th Centuries at Present Stage of Study." Nauchnyi dialog 1, no. 7 (2021): 496–512. http://dx.doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2021-7-496-512.
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The issues of the current stage of studying the history of the Karras colony and nearby European settlements in the 19th and first half of the 20th centuries are considered. A review and analysis of new sources and historiography from 2000 to 2020 has been carried out. The relevance of the study is due to the poorly studied and fragmentary coverage of the history of European settlements in the central part of the North Caucasus in the 19th — first half of the 20th centuries in Russian historiography. The authors dwell on terminology issues. It is emphasized that the terms-cliches ‘mountaineers’ and ‘Tatars’ are characteristic of the historical literature of the 19th century and are inaccurately used by some authors today. The novelty of the research is seen in the fact that in this work the history of the Karras colony and neighboring settlements of Europeans in the 19th — first half of the 20th centuries is considered based on publications of 2000—2020. It is concluded that there is a possibility and a need for an independent review of the history of the Scottish mission, the center of which was originally located in Karras. The authors proceed from the fact that the history of the settlements of the colonists has a broader chronological framework and the main task of the colonists was not always missionary activity.
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Ethier, Stewart N., and Jiyeon Lee. "The evolution of the game of baccarat." Journal of Gambling Business and Economics 9, no. 2 (2015): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5750/jgbe.v9i2.944.
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The game of baccarat has evolved from a parlor game played by French aristocrats in the first half of the 19th century to a casino game that generated over US$41 billion in revenue for the casinos of Macau in 2013. The parlor game was originally a three-person zero-sum game. Later in the 19th century it was simplified to a two-person zero-sum game. Early in the 20th century the parlor game became a casino game, no longer zero-sum. In the mid 20th century, the strategic casino game became a nonstrategic game, with players competing against the house instead of against each other. We argue that this evolution was motivated by both economic and game-theoretic considerations.
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Kašparová, Jaroslava. "Personal Libraries in the National Museum – a Valuable Source of Information on the History of Book Culture in the 19th Century and the Early 20th Century." Acta Musei Nationalis Pragae – Historia litterarum 63, no. 3-4 (2019): 105–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/amnpsc-2018-0014.
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Book collections from the 19th century and the first half of the 20th century preserved in the NM are among the richest and most interesting book collections of the Czech Republic. Research into personal book collections of the NM within the NAKI project (2012–2015), including besides the historical book collection also books from the 19th and 20th centuries, has provided valuable information on the history of the entire book culture. The PROVENIO database is an important source of information and knowledge in terms of book owners and ownership provenance, library history, bibliophilia and the reception by readers, as well as the history of book binding, book publishing houses and book trade of the given period.
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De Beelde, Ignace. "THE DEVELOPMENT OF A BELGIAN ACCOUNTING CODE DURING THE FIRST HALF OF THE 20TH CENTURY." Accounting Historians Journal 30, no. 2 (2003): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/0148-4184.30.2.1.
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Continental European countries are familiar with standardized charts of accounts. Practices in these countries have been quite diverging however, ranging from the voluntary adoption of schemes developed by professionals or associations to state-imposed charts. In the development of these schemes, several Belgian accounting scholars have played an important role, particularly from the end of the 19th century to the beginning of the 20th century. This paper links the charts proposed in Belgium with attempts to develop unified accounting and costing methods and efforts to introduce principles of scientific management around the end of the Second World War. It also seeks to explain why the introduction of decimalized charts took longer in Belgium than other countries such as France.
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Vonka, Martin, and Robert Kořínek. "CHIMNEY RESERVOIRS: UNIQUE TECHNICAL STRUCTURES FROM THE FIRST HALF OF THE 20TH CENTURY IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC." Acta Polytechnica 58, no. 2 (2018): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/ap.2018.58.0155.
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In the past, various methods and technological systems were used to supply water on industrial and other sites. In the early 19th century, Professor Otto Intze invented a new form of water reservoir that could be installed in a tower tank or even on the body of a chimney. This gave rise to a structure that had never been seen before – a chimney reservoir. The advantages of this structure resulted in it quickly becoming very popular, especially in the country in which it originated, Germany. The structure spread from the German Empire into other countries, including Austria-Hungary. The first chimney reservoir on the Czech territory originated in the late 19th century, the last structure of this type was built in 1962. Although their history was short, more than sixty distinctive structures of this kind were built in the Czech lands, the twenty-one of which that have survived to the present day can be described as a unique industrial heritage. This article outlines the origin and evolution of different types of chimney reservoirs and describes the structural and technological designs used for such structures on the territory of what is now known as the Czech Republic.
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Rivera Gómez, Elva. "Knowledge transgressors: the incursion of women to science in Mexico, 19th-20th centuries." Culture & History Digital Journal 8, no. 1 (2019): 004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/chdj.2019.004.
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The influence of feminist thought has been very important in the field of history, as it has revealed the invisibility of women in this disciplinary field, besides of studying power relations and their effects on the daily, private and public life in which both women and men are involved. Access to education, first primary, then secondary and later higher in Mexico, spanned for a period of more than a century. In some of the regions, the presence of women in higher education was in the last third of the nineteenth century in areas considered feminine, such as midwifery, nursing and others. Careers are recorded in the 20th century. In this paper we propose to review the historiography and history of women who entered the different fields of knowledge at the end of the 19th century and in the first half of the 20th century, as well as to present a panorama of the educational spaces to which the Mexican women had access.
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Nikitin, Yury, Vasiliy Goryunov, Vera Murgul, and Nikolay Vatin. "Research on Industrial Exhibitions Architecture." Applied Mechanics and Materials 680 (October 2014): 504–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.680.504.
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All-Russian and regional exhibition architecture in the second half of the 19th century through the early 20th century had varied distinct differences in style and design. Temporality of exhibition architecture in those days contributed to a variety of experiments made for pavilions in the context of styles and structures. There was a high demand for the Russian style to be applied for pavilions both in Russia and abroad. First search and application experience in respect to the modern art principles are connected with exhibition architecture. These experiments in the national architecture and art are of a high interest. Neo-classicism was applied in exhibition architecture in the early 20th century to a large extent. The exhibitions of the early 20th century appeared to be special ‘style workshops’. Organizers of certain exhibitions tried to keep uniformity of style of basic constructions. The major merit of exhibition architecture is that it contributed to the transition from eclecticism to a new style on the cusp of the 19th and beginning of the 20th centuries.
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Leclercq, P. W., A. Weidick, F. Paul, T. Bolch, M. Citterio, and J. Oerlemans. "Brief communication "Historical glacier length changes in West Greenland"." Cryosphere 6, no. 6 (2012): 1339–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-6-1339-2012.
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Abstract. Past glacier fluctuations provide insight into glacier dynamics, climate change, and the contribution of glaciers to sea-level rise. Here, the length fluctuations since the 19th century of 18 local glaciers in West and South Greenland are presented, extending and updating the study by Weidick (1968). The studied glaciers all showed an overall retreat with an average of 1.2 ± 0.2 km over the 20th century, indicating a general rise of the equilibrium line along the west coast of Greenland during the last century. Furthermore, the average rate of retreat was largest in the first half of the 20th century.
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Leclercq, P. W., A. Weidick, F. Paul, T. Bolch, M. Citterio, and J. Oerlemans. "Brief communication: Historical glacier length changes in West Greenland." Cryosphere Discussions 6, no. 4 (2012): 3491–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tcd-6-3491-2012.
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Abstract. Past glacier fluctuations provide insight into glacier dynamics, climate change, and the contribution of glaciers to sea-level rise. Here, the length fluctuations since the 19th century of 18 local glaciers in West and South Greenland are presented, extending and updating the study by Weidick (1968). The studied glaciers all show an overall retreat with an average of 1.2 ± 0.2 km over the 20th century, indicating a general rise of the equilibrium line along the west coast of Greenland during the last century. The rate of retreat was largest in the first half of the 20th century.
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Sanchez-Lorenzo, A., J. Calbó, and M. Wild. "Increasing cloud cover in the 20th century: review and new findings in Spain." Climate of the Past 8, no. 4 (2012): 1199–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-1199-2012.
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Abstract. Visual observations of clouds have been performed since the establishment of meteorological observatories during the early instrumental period, and have become more systematic and reliable after the mid-19th century due to the establishment of the first national weather services. During the last decades a large number of studies have documented the trends of the total cloud cover (TCC) and cloudy types; most of these studies focus on the trends since the second half of the 20th century. Due to the lower reliability of former observations, and the fact that most of this data is not accessible in digital format, there is a lack of studies focusing on the trends of cloudiness since the mid-19th century. In the first part, this work attempts to review previous studies analyzing TCC changes with information covering at least the first half of the 20th century. Then, the study analyses a database of cloudiness observations in Southern Europe (Spain) since the second half of the 19th century. Specifically, monthly TCC series were reconstructed since 1866 by means of a so-called parameter of cloudiness, calculated from the number of cloudless and overcast days. These estimated TCC series show a high interannual and decadal correlation with the observed TCC series originally measured in oktas. After assessing the temporal homogeneity of the estimated TCC series, the mean annual and seasonal series for the whole of Spain and several subregions were calculated. The mean annual TCC shows a general tendency to increase from the beginning of the series until the 1960s; at this point, the trend becomes negative. The linear trend for the annual mean series, estimated over the 1866–2010 period, is a highly remarkable (and statistically significant) increase of +0.44% per decade, which implies an overall increase of more than +6% during the analyzed period. These results are in line with the majority of the trends observed in many areas of the world in previous studies, especially for the records before the 1950s when a widespread increase of TCC can been considered as a common feature.
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Moore, Daniel. "Editor's Introduction: Modernism, Aesthetics, Historiography." Modernist Cultures 3, no. 2 (2008): 94–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/e2041102209000355.
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Aesthetics is the reflexive construction of the concepts necessary for the comprehension of the stakes and meaning of art in the light of the history of the dominant art of the second half of the 19th century and the first half of the 20th century: modernism. The task of aesthetics is to vindicate modernist art's own claim to mattering, to being significant, indeed unavoidable, for our collective selfunderstanding of ourselves as denizens of modernity. (J. M. Bernstein)
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Lecocq, Baz. "The Hajj From West Africa From a Global Historical Perspective (19th and 20th Centuries)." African Diaspora 5, no. 2 (2012): 187–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18725457-12341237.
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Abstract Over the last years, in average, 2,1 million people per year performed the hajj. These millions stand in contrast to the numbers visiting Mecca half a century ago. On average, until 1946 a rough 60,000 pilgrims visited Mecca annually, with at least half of these coming from the Arabian Peninsula. Today Saudi nationals make up about a quarter of all pilgrims. The explanations for the staggering thirtyfold increase in total pilgrims, and the even more spectacular growth of the number of foreign pilgrims in slightly more than half a century are quite simple. First of all, the increasing world population in general led to larger numbers of pilgrims. Second, the journey became safer and better organised during the 20th century. In those parts of the Muslim world where it was not already (the Ottoman Empire), the organisation of the hajj became a state affair, organised first by the colonial authorities, and by the postcolonial states afterwards. Third, despite growing disparities in the distribution of global economic wealth an increasing number of Muslims could afford to pay for the journey. And finally the availability of cheap mechanical mass transport increased over this time period. This paper will look at these interconnected reasons for the spectacular growth of the hajj in the past half century from a world historical perspective, focussing on the West African Sahel in the 19th and 20th centuries. In this paper I hope to sketch how state rule, changing economies, motorised mass transport, and religion are interconnected phenomena, which are all shaped by and giving shape to world historical events in the Muslim world. The focus will be largely on the changing demography and social geography of the pilgrimage journey to Mecca as performed by pilgrims from the Sahel, and the changing significance of this journey in their lives.
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Svyrydenko, N. "Music in museum (second half of 20th century, Ukraine)." Musical art in the educological discourse, no. 3 (2018): 61–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.28925/2518-766x.2018.3.6165.
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Due to the process of early music revival, started in the USSR from the 60s of the 20th century, there are searches of the appropriate premises, in which early music could be perceived naturally, where one can feel a single style in combination of rooms, music, instrumentation and performance style that would increase the perception of each of the components of the creative process. Such most suitable premises are found out to be the halls of museums — former mansions, or palaces, which serve as museums in our time. The practice of conducting concerts in museums was introduced in Western Europe in the first half of the 20th century as a part of the overall process of early music revival and became an example for other countries including Ukraine.The Museum of Ukrainian Fine Arts was one of the first museums where concerts of early music were held in 1988. The concert programs featured the music of prominent Ukrainian composers of the 16th–18th centuries. Since 1989, the «Concerts in Museum» began to be held at the Museum of Russian Art, where one could hear music from the 18th to the beginning of the 19th century from «The Music Collection of the Razumovsky Family». Since 2003, the door has opened for concerts at the National Museum of History of Ukraine, where, in addition to chamber music, the visitors watched the whole performance — the chamber opera by D. Bortniansky «Sokil». The performance of this opera was also held at other museums of Ukrainian cities, as well as in Poland.Ancient instruments in some museums, that have lost its sound and artistic qualities, attracted attention of the musical experts. In association with scholars and the administration of museums, restoration work was carried out and brought back the old tools to life, which made it possible to hear the true «voice of the past «. This happened from the pianoforte at the Museum of Ukrainian History, the Lesia Ukrainka Museum in the village Kolodyazhny of Kovelsky District in Volyn and the Memorial Museum of Maxim Rylsky in Kyiv. Nowadays many museums in Ukraine have become centres of culture, both visual and musical. Due to this process, contemporaries’ views about the past art have expanded, the recordings of ancient music phonograms initiated film-making.
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Arlukevich, Aliaksandr B. "The military apartment fee in Belarus (second half of the 19th – early 20th century)." Journal of the Belarusian State University. History, no. 3 (August 10, 2021): 52–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.33581/2520-6338-2021-3-52-70.
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The article reveals the influence of the military housing tax on the socio-economic development of municipal centers and the processes of urbanisation in Belarus in the second half of the 19th – early 20th century. On the basis of a wide range of sources, it is proved that during the period under review, the amount of funds collected by the population in cities and towns with the active mediation of local self-government institutions for the rental of army headquarters, infirmaries, warehouses, officers’ apartments, rent and construction of soldiers’ barracks was comparable to the total income of magistrates and thus deprived them of the necessary reserve for saving and developing public utilities and infrastructure. On this basis, the collection of apartment money can be considered one of the key economic factors that determined the specifics of the development of the Belarusian city during the modernisation period. Until now the collection of funds in the framework of post-conscription in the territory of the Belarusian provinces has not become the subject of special research. Most of the facts presented in the work are introduced into scientific circulation for the first time.
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Ziemelniece, Aija. "Transformation of the Historical Street settlements and Structures of the city of Jelgava / Mitau in the Post-War Years." Landscape architecture and art 16 (March 13, 2021): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/j.landarchart.2020.16.03.
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Jelgava, as the former capital of the Duchy of Kurzeme and the times of the province, was vividly characterized by a strong German environment, which made a financially strong contribution to the city's economic prosperity. The urban construction period of the city from the beginning of the 19th century marks 4 distinct periods: wooden settlements and buildings until the first half of the 19th century, masonry structures until 40s of the 20th century; implementation of standardised projects (large reinforced concrete panel buildings) from the 50s to the 80s of the 20th century; trends for free-planning construction in the shift of 20th / 21st centuries. The aim of the research is to evaluate the transformation processes of Katolu and Pasta streets in Jelgava urban planning space within the last century. Research assignments: comparing the change in the height, scale and structure of the historical pre-war and post-war buildings of Pasta and Katolu streets; changes in dominants of the St. John's [Sv. Jāņa] church; synthesis of preserved historical buildings in post-war settlement and construction.
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Gefner, Olga V. "“It Was Not Able to Live Without Work”: Military Medic Pavel F. Breytigam (1844-1920) in Memories of the Son Vladimir P. Breytigam." Herald of Omsk University. Series: Historical Studies 7, no. 2 (26) (2020): 140–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.24147/2312-1300.2020.7(2).140-144.
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The article describes the social and scientific activities of a member of the intelligentsia of Omsk at the second half of the 19th - beginning of the 20th century military medic Pavel F. Breytigam. For the first time, the memoirs of his son, Vladimir P. Breytigam, about the father will be published.
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Eppel, Michael. "NOTE ABOUT THE TERM EFFENDIYYA IN THE HISTORY OF THE MIDDLE EAST." International Journal of Middle East Studies 41, no. 3 (2009): 535–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743809091466.
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The term effendiyya (singular: effendi) appears in many articles and books on the social and political history of the Middle East between the end of the 19th century and the first half of the 20th century. Many authors have made use of this term, but very few have paused to discuss its meaning. At least one important scholar, however, raised doubts about its usefulness.
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Hakim, Abdul. "Al-Qur’an Cetak di Indonesia Tinjauan Kronologis Pertengahan Abad ke-19 hingga Awal Abad ke-20." SUHUF 5, no. 2 (2015): 231–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.22548/shf.v5i2.41.
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The mid-19th century towards the independence day of (1945) was a transition era of the production of the Qur'an in Indonesia. Started from the handwriting Qur’an, and was followed by lithography Qur’an, and the overseas Qur'anic publication, then the birth of the Qur'an which was produced by domestic production. This paper attempts to explain and analyze the development of the Qur'an in the colonial period, especially in the second half of the 19th century until the first half of the 20th century. This study explains the history of its publication, its validation by the committee, as well as aspects of the typographical arrangement and cover as well as the pattern of the text of the Qur'an being published at that time. The study also found some new data concerning the presence of the Qurans which is not mentioned in some of the existing writings.
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Dolynska, Maryana. "THE MIDDLE 19TH CENTURY – EARLY 21ST CENTURY FUNCTIONING OF LVIV’S HORONYMS." City History, Culture, Society, no. 1 (October 12, 2017): 191–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/mics2016.01.191.
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There are official and traditional names of places upon the territory of the town or the city. They have existed from the ancient times till contemporary days. The official ones have been given by the executive body, and the traditional names are describing the place by nearby locations, buildings or natural objects. Toponyms are divided into different classes and subclasses.
 Horonyms describe nonlinear structures (territories) and were used to call any places on the town’s area, except for streets or squares. Horonyms do not provide the information about the official administrative division of the contemporary time but were putting traditional names in use.In order to answer the question - how long this class of the city’s names lasted, one has to base on retrospective comparison of the pre-statistical source. The contemporary vocabulary of Lviv’s dialect (“Leksykon lvivskyy povazhno i na zhart”) have fixed 65 horonyms of Lviv’s area, which currentlyare being used by city dwellers. That was the basement of analysis by the retrospective method. This data was compared with such sources: late 19 c.-early 20 c. guidebooks and middle 19 c. maps with their accompaniment notes.The administrative units’ division of Lviv’s territory was applied in this article because during the long 19 century Lviv was a part of Austro-Hungary Empire. That’s why 4 groups of horonyms were excluded: 1. the names of the former city’s villages that are currently preserved as the city’s horonyms because those villages were absorbed into the city only during 20th century. (Today names of those former villages do not reflect the administrative units’ division); 2. village Sygnivka, which was founded only in the 20th years of 19thcentury on the area of the former suburb Halytskie of Lviv’s early modern period; 3. the names of villages, which surrounded town’s area, but were not under the rule of the town hall; 4. all names of objects, which were upon the area of these villages.So after the exclusion, we have 48 names (horonyms). The analysis showed that one name came into being in the late 20th century and eight other ones during its first half. Fifteen horonyms, as well, as their names were founded during the 19th century. So, that leaves us with twenty-four names, which were established during the earlier period and are being used now in the city. We need to continue research on a retrospective comparison of the named recorded in the early modern serial sources.
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Mitsyuk, Natalia A., and Anna V. Belova. "Midwifery as the first official profession of women in Russia, 18th to early 20th centuries." RUDN Journal of Russian History 20, no. 2 (2021): 270–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2312-8674-2021-20-2-270-285.
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The authors study the institutionalization of midwife specialization among women in Russia in the period from the 18th through the early 20th centuries. The main sources are legislative acts, clerical documents, as well as reports on the activities of medical institutions and maternity departments. The authors use the approaches of gender history, and the concept of professionalization as developed by E. Freidson. Midwifery was the first area of womens work that was officially recognized by the state. There were three main stages on the way to professionalizing the midwifery profession among women. The first stage (covering the 18th century) is associated with attempts to study and systematize the activities of midwives. The practical experience of midwifes was actively sought by doctors whose theoretical knowledge was limited. The second stage of professionalization (corresponding to the first half of the 19th century) was associated with the normative regulation of midwife work and the formation of a professional hierarchy in midwifery. The third stage (comprising the second half of the 19th century and the early 20th century) saw a restriction of the midwives spheres of activity, as well as the active inclusion of male doctors in practical obstetrics and their rise to a dominant position. With the development of obstetric specialization, operative obstetrics, and the opening of maternity wards, midwives were relegated to a subordinate position in relation to doctors. In contrast to the United States and Western European countries, Russia did not have professional associations of midwives. Intra-professional communication was weak, and there was no corporate solidarity. In Soviet medicine, finally, the midwives subordinate place in relation to doctors was only cemented.
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Soloviev, Aleksey A. "Public Libraries of the Vladimir and Kostroma Provinces' District Towns in the Second Half of the 19th — early 20th Century." Bibliotekovedenie [Russian Journal of Library Science], no. 5 (October 19, 2010): 98–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.25281/0869-608x-2010-0-5-98-101.
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On the history of the first public libraries in the province towns of Vladimirskaya and Kostromskaya provinces in the second half of the 17th century - early 20th century. The author considers main statistical data of libraries and analyses necessity and influence of these libraries and reading rooms on the native population.
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Seide, Ansgar. "Johann Gottlieb Fichtes Auseinandersetzung mit der Idee einer induktiven Metaphysik im ersten Buch von Die Bestimmung des Menschen." Methodus 10, no. 1 (2021): 48–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0718-2775-2021-1-48.
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This paper reconstructs the first book of Fichte’s Die Bestimmung des Menschen as an implicit critique by Fichte of the idea of an inductive metaphysics, an idea that was developed explicitly by some philosophers in the German-speaking world only in the second half of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century. It becomes clear which basic premises of Fichte’s philosophy are responsible for the rejection of the idea of an inductive metaphysics. In particular, the idea of an inductive metaphysics cannot be reconciled with Fichte’s strong claim of certainty. This claim was abandoned by the proponents of inductive metaphysics in the second half of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, allowing the idea of an inductive metaphysics to become a serious candidate for approaching metaphysics. The analysis of Fichte’s text also shows that it is crucial for inductive metaphysics to work out a measure of the ranking of rival explanatory hypotheses so that a rational decision between competing metaphysical theories based on inferences to the best explanation becomes possible.
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Díaz, Daniel Carrasco, Esteban Hernández-Esteve, Maria Jesús Morales Caparrós, and Daniel Sánchez Toledano. "20TH CENTURY PUBLICATIONS ON COST ACCOUNTING BY SPANISH AUTHORS PREVIOUS TO THE STANDARDIZATION ACT (1900–1978)." Accounting Historians Journal 36, no. 2 (2009): 139–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/0148-4184.36.2.139.
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This paper aims to describe and explain the beginning and evolution of cost accounting in Spain through the examination of accounting texts. In this evolution, three periods are distinguished: the late 19th century, the first half of the 20th century, and 1951–1978. In 1978, the official standardization of Spanish cost accounting occurred. Cost accounting first appeared in Spanish texts at the start of the 20th century. However, in 19th century accounting treatises can be found references to some aspects of cost accounting to which the paper refers. The traditional orientation of authors in the second period clearly reflects a monistic recording pattern, i.e., that cost accounting in combination with general accounting forms a homogeneous whole, with full-cost allocation on the basis of historical costs. The small differences found among these authors relate to a large extent to the fixed-costs allocation. This period corresponds to the introduction into Spain of the Central European school of accounting thought represented by Pedersen, Schmalenbach, Palle Hansen, and, above all, by Schneider. This influence intensified from 1951 onward. In the second half of the 20th century, German thought shared influence with American thought represented in the works of Kester, Horngren, Lang, Lawrence, Neuner, etc. The French Accounting Plan (General Chart of Accounts), published in 1957, also had an obvious influence on Spanish accounting scholars of this time. This influence is clearly shown in the Spanish standardization of cost accounting published in 1978 as part of the first Plan General de Contabilidad (General Accounting Plan) passed in 1973.
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de Bruyn Ouboter, R. "Cryogenics at the end of the 19th and the first half of the 20th century (1880–1940)." Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 21, no. 16 (2009): 164221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/21/16/164221.
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Chlost, Izabela, and Magda Sikora. "The Impact Of Anthropogenic Pressure On The Change Of Water Relations In Gardno-Łeba Lowland." Quaestiones Geographicae 34, no. 3 (2015): 17–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/quageo-2015-0030.
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Abstract This article presents an analysis of cartographic materials of the 19th and 20th centuries in terms of changes in the surface water network of the Gardno-Łeba Lowland. The obtained results confirmed that the natural water network was slightly transformed in the first half of the 19th century and considerably increased in the 20th century as a result of agricultural drainage system, especially drainage of wetlands, and river regulations. As a consequence, a hydrographic system with a forced water circulation has developed, that is quite different from the natural. On the one hand, it has become the reason for reversing the proportion in which the groundwater resources have been depleted, along with an increase in the surface water network density, and on the other hand it has caused a change in land use.
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Sanchez-Lorenzo, A., and M. Wild. "Decadal variations in estimated surface solar radiation over Switzerland since the late 19th century." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 12, no. 4 (2012): 10815–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-12-10815-2012.
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Abstract. Our knowledge on trends in surface solar radiation (SSR) involves uncertainties due to the scarcity of long-term time series of SSR, especially with records before the second half of the 20th century. Here we study the trends of all-sky SSR from 1885 to 2010 in Switzerland, which have been estimated using a homogenous dataset of sunshine duration series. This variable is shown to be a useful proxy data of all-sky SSR, which can help to solve some of the current open issues in the dimming/brightening phenomenon. Unlike the second half of the 20th century that is characterized also in Switzerland by a dimming from the 1950s to the 1980s and a subsequent brightening, all-sky SSR has been fairly stable with little variations in the first half of the 20th century. Cloud cover changes seem to explain the major part of the decadal variability observed in all-sky SSR, at least until the 1970s; at this point, a discrepancy in the sign of the trend is visible in the series. Finally, an attempt to estimate SSR series for clear-sky conditions, based also on sunshine duration records since the 1930s, has been made for the first time. The mean clear-sky SSR series shows no relevant changes between the 1930s to the 1950s, then a decrease from 1960s to 1970s, and ends with a strong increase from the 1980s up to the present. During the last three decades the estimated clear-sky SSR trends reported in this study are in line with previous findings over Switzerland based on direct radiative flux measurements. Equally, the clear signal of the El Chichón and Pinatubo volcanic eruption visible in the estimated clear-sky SRR records further demonstrates its potential to infer aerosol-induced radiation changes from sunshine duration observations.
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Rossouw, Ronel, and Bertus van Rooy. "Diachronic changes in modality in South African English." English World-Wide 33, no. 1 (2012): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/eww.33.1.01ros.
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In this paper we aim to contribute to both the synchronic and diachronic description of the grammar of South African English (SAfE) in its written register. In the handful of previous studies on the variety’s grammar (e.g. Bowerman 2004b) the traditional method of pointing out peculiarities has restricted its research potential to a great extent, whereas we now endeavour to move in the opposite direction of full description in the hope of creating a comparative platform with other Southern Hemisphere Englishes (SHEs). A historical corpus of written SAfE is used to trace the path of modality from the 19th to the late 20th century as preserved in letters, newspapers and fictional writing. The findings are, firstly, that modals decline only in the second half of the 20th century, after remaining relatively stable throughout the 19th and first half of the 20th century, and, secondly, that semi-modals do not increase in usage to the same extent as observed for other varieties of English. These patterns are attributed to a number of forces: trade-off relations between different modals to move away from excessive politeness to more direct forms, and developments within particular registers that favoured or disfavoured the use of specific modals.
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Filatov, Georgy. "Catalonia and Regional Self-Government in the First Quarter of the 20th Century." ISTORIYA 12, no. 6 (104) (2021): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840016155-9.
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The Mancomunitat represents the first experience of self-government in Catalonia in the 20th century. This idea began to form among Catalan intellectuals in the second half of the 19th century, when the interests of the local bourgeoisie and the cultural elite of the region unexpectedly coincided in connection with the need to defend their interests before the central authorities. The Mancomunitat emerged at a time when the political system of the restoration was in crisis as the main monarchist parties were ousted from the political life of the region by Catalanists and Republicans. In these conditions, the Spanish government preferred to satisfy the demands of the nationalists, since they were a more conservative force and did not pretend to change the political system of Spain. As a result, the Catalan provinces were able to create the Mancomunitat, which allowed them to coordinate efforts to deal with administrative issues.
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Gomułka, Stanisław. "The Global Economy in the 21st Century: Will the Trends of the 20th Century Continue?" Central European Economic Journal 2, no. 49 (2018): 62–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ceej-2017-0011.
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Abstract This paper compares three lists of basic ‘stylized facts’ of global economic growth and proposes a list of five ‘stylized trends’ that describe the main developments of the global economy in the 20th century. The author’s main purpose is to answer the question whether, in the light of the contemporary growth theory and demographic forecasts, these trends are likely to continue in the 21st century. Considering this theory, it is argued that the global economy rate of growth of the per capita gross domestic product (GDP) is likely to continue to be high in the first half of the current century, but decline significantly in the second half. This paper offers forecasts for the average growth rates during this century, and the levels by its end, of the per capita GDP for the technology frontier area (TFA) of the world, and for the countries outside the TFA. According to these forecasts, the strong divergence trend of the 19th and 20th centuries will be replaced by a strong convergence between the TFA and the other countries during the 21st century.
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Strekalov, Dmitriy, and Nataliya Strekalova. "A birth rate problem in a provincial Russian city in the late 18th – early 20th century (basing on the materials of Tambov)." Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities, no. 178 (2019): 128–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/1810-0201-2019-24-178-128-139.
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A birth rate as the major primary demographic process plays a key role in the course of population reproduction, influence on all society life spheres. We consider a number of contro-versial issues related to the study of some aspects of birth rate in a provincial Russian city at late 18th – the first half of the 19th centuries. We identify the features and problems of birth rate regis-tration and analyze birth rate, the number of births per marriage, the number of children in fami-lies, the gender ratio at birth, the number and proportion of illegitimate children in the structure of the newborn in a provincial city in the late 18th – the first half of the 19th centuries. The comparative analysis reveals the birthrates from high to the highest level in this period that is typical for traditional society. At the same time, the study records the reduction in the number of children in the families of Tambov, the decrease in the number of families with six or more children, the reduction in the proportion of illegitimate children from the Tambov Orthodox population in the late 18th – the first half of the 19th centuriesand its increasing in the post-reform period. There was a decrease in infantile mortality. We identify the need to expand the source base, to use the methodological and methodical approaches of a multidisciplinary study and the possibilities of information technologies to clarify a number of quantitative indicators that characterize the birthrate and demographic processes in a provincial Russian city at late 18th – the first half of the 19th centuries.
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Pasieka, Paweł. ",,Niech zginą nałogi mięsno-wódczano-tytuniowo-modne”. Programy i idee polskich wegetarian XIX i początku XX stulecia." Studia Europaea Gnesnensia, no. 18 (July 9, 2020): 45–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/seg.2018.18.3.
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The article presents an analysis of the ideas and platforms developed by the first Polish vegetarians in the latter half of the 19th and in the early 20th century. The views of the following authors are considered: Konstanty Moes-Oskragiełło, Józef Drzewiecki, Janisław Jastrzębowski and Rajmund Jankowski. I draw attention to three basic features: anthropocentrism, eclecticism and a somewhat informal culture.
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Petrėtienė, Angelika. "THE USE OF FOREIGN WORDS FROM TRANSPORT PUBLICATIONS OF THE END OF THE 19TH CENTURY AND THE FIRST HALF OF THE 20TH CENTURY." Transport 33, no. 3 (2018): 679–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/transport.2018.2744.
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The article analyses foreign words (their origin, meaning and equivalents), selected from the transport publications of the end of the 19th century and the first half of the 20th century: the conducted questionnaire method assesses the relevancy of foreign words nowadays, i.e. whether the respondents are aware of the equivalents of foreign words, as well as examines the usage frequency of foreign words. The research defines the respondents’ attitudes towards changing foreign words into their equivalents. It also examines the current usage of the foreign words in different language functional styles. The results of the research are structured and provided in the table and figures.
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Moisey, Antoniy. "Traditional methods of treatment in Bucovina in scientific works of romanian researchers (second half of 19th – first half of 20th century)." Current issues of social sciences and history of medicine, no. 3 (August 28, 2014): 83–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.24061/2411-6181.3.2014.43.
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Sanchez-Lorenzo, A., and M. Wild. "Decadal variations in estimated surface solar radiation over Switzerland since the late 19th century." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 12, no. 18 (2012): 8635–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-8635-2012.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. Our knowledge on trends in surface solar radiation (SSR) involves uncertainties due to the scarcity of long-term time series of SSR, especially with records before the second half of the 20th century. Here we study the trends of all-sky SSR from 1885 to 2010 in Switzerland, which have been estimated using a homogenous dataset of sunshine duration series. This variable is shown to be a useful proxy data of all-sky SSR, which can help to solve some of the current open issues in the dimming/brightening phenomenon. All-sky SSR has been fairly stable with little variations in the first half of the 20th century, unlike the second half of the 20th century that is characterized also in Switzerland by a dimming from the 1950s to the 1980s and a subsequent brightening. Cloud cover changes seem to explain the major part of the decadal variability observed in all-sky SSR, at least from 1885 to the 1970s; at this point, a discrepancy in the sign of the trend is visible in the all-sky SSR and cloud cover series from the 1970s to the present. Finally, an attempt to estimate SSR series for clear-sky conditions, based also on sunshine duration records since the 1930s, has been made for the first time. The mean clear-sky SSR series shows no relevant changes between the 1930s to the 1950s, then a decrease, smaller than the observed in the all-sky SSR, from the 1960s to 1970s, and ends with a strong increase from the 1980s up to the present. During the three decades from 1981 to 2010 the estimated clear-sky SSR trends reported in this study are in line with previous findings over Switzerland based on direct radiative flux measurements. Moreover, the signal of the El Chichón and Pinatubo volcanic eruption visible in the estimated clear-sky SSR records further demonstrates the potential to infer aerosol-induced radiation changes from sunshine duration observations.
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Fudali, Ewa. "Moss species diversity in the glacial cirques of the Polish Karkonosze Mts. and its changes during the 20th century." Biodiversity: Research and Conservation 29, no. 1 (2013): 81–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/biorc-2013-0002.
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Abstract Bryo-floristic data from the 19th century and the first decade of the 21th century were compiled and compared to find trends in moss flora transformations during the analysed period. The total number of moss species reported from the glacial cirques in the Polish part of the Karkonosze Mts. amounted to 229 (230 taxa) and the comparison showed 49% of species replaced; 68 taxa were not refound and 45 were reported for the first time. But it seems highly probable that a great number of “newcomers” occurred only in the past and were omitted or overlooked by the 19th century researchers. 23 species among those persistent during the 20th century were found presently in no more than half of the previous localities, so they seem to demand care as probably threatened. Full list of taxa recorded from the individual objects in the studied period, including results of herbarium specimen revision, is provided.
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Sanchez-Lorenzo, A., J. Calbó, and M. Wild. "Increasing cloud cover in the 20th century: review and new findings in Spain." Climate of the Past Discussions 8, no. 2 (2012): 1133–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cpd-8-1133-2012.
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Abstract. Visual observations of clouds have been performed since the establishment of meteorological observatories during the early instrumental period, and have become more systematic and reliable after the mid-19th century due to the establishment of the first national weather services. During the last decades a large number of studies have documented the trends of the total cloud cover (TCC) and cloudy types; most of these studies are focused on the trends since the second half of the 20th century. Due to the lower reliability of former observations, and the fact that most of this data is not accessible in digital format, there is a lack of studies focusing on the trends of cloudiness since the mid-19th century. In the first part, this work attempts to review the previous studies analyzing TCC changes with information covering at least the first half of the 20th century. Then, the study analyses a database of cloudiness observations in Southern Europe (Spain) since the second third of the 19th century. Specifically, monthly TCC series were reconstructed since 1866 by means of a so-called parameter of cloudiness, calculated from the number of cloudless and overcast days. This estimated TCC series show a high interannual and decadal correlation with the observed TCC series originally measured in oktas. After assessing the temporal homogeneity of the estimated TCC series, the mean annual and seasonal series for the whole of Spain and several subregions were calculated. The mean annual TCC shows a general tendency to increase from the beginning of the series until the 1960s; at this point, the trend becomes negative. The linear trend for the annual mean series, estimated over the 1866–2010 period, is a highly remarkable (and statistically significant) increase of +0.44% per decade, which implies an overall increase of more than +6% during the analyzed period. These results are in line with the major part of the previous trends observed at many areas of the World, especially for the records before the 1950s, when a widespread increase of TCC can been considered as a common feature.
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Barysheva, Ekaterina A. "The Formation of the Library System of India (19th - 20th centuries)." Bibliotekovedenie [Library and Information Science (Russia)] 1, no. 2 (2016): 197–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.25281/0869-608x-2016-1-2-197-204.
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This article is devoted to the formation and development of system of public libraries in India and their place in the educational, social, cultural and informational space of the country. The formation of the library system in India occurred during the complex colonial and post-colonial periods of its history. It took place in the conditions of underdevelopment, the uneven social, political and cultural development of the regions, ethnolinguistic disunity, and mass illiteracy of the population, dominating in the society of caste, religious and gender prejudices. The article demonstrates that public libraries in India, beginning with their appearance in the first half of the 19th century, had a special mission. They were considered not only as repositories of books, but, first of all, as centers of education, aimed to spread the knowledge, fight with ignorance by introducing to the reading, to raise the cultural and intellectual level of Indian society, thereby contributing to its prosperity. The article describes the main stages and directions of state policy of India in the field of librarianship from the early nineteenth to the late twentieth century, recounts the history of the founding of the National library, emphasized the role of Raja Rammohan Roy Library Foundation. In separate section there is considered the contribution to the library and information science of S.R. Ranganathan, the outstanding leader of Indian culture.
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Pozdnyakov, Aleksandr Nikolaevich. "Some Aspects of Pedagogical Education Establishment in Russia in the First Half of the XIX Century." Development of education, no. 3 (9) (September 24, 2020): 8–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.31483/r-86197.
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The purpose of the article is to review some aspects of pedagogical education establishment in Russia in the first half of the 19th century. The author outlines that the period of the reign of Emperor Alexander I was characterized by a large-scale educational reform, the purpose of which was to create a single multi-level education system. Its implementation required a large number of teachers. It is emphasized that the solution of the problem of training teachers for gymnasiums was entrusted to the universities. Gymnasium, in turn, had to prepare teachers for primary schools. During the study the following methods and materials were used: analysis of documentary sources, assessments on the development of Russian education, published in the second half of the 19th – early 20th centuries. It is concluded that state structures attached great importance to the system of pedagogical education. Measures on training teachers for secondary and primary schools were taken. It is pointed out that the most important place has begun to be occupied by activities related to the training of teachers for the primary public education system. The existing system of pedagogical education was developed during the reign of Nicholas I. Its most important component was the Main Pedagogical Institute established in Saint Petersburg.
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Mudrik, Armando. "A eucalyptus in the moon: folk astronomy among European colonists in northern Santa Fe province, Argentina." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 7, S278 (2011): 84–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921311012506.
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AbstractIn this paper, we present a study about cultural astronomy among European colonists who settled in the northern area of the Argentinean province of Santa Fe, which is part of the southern Chaco. These colonists arrived among waves of immigration occurring in Argentina in the second half of the 19th century and the first half of the 20th century. Ethnographic field research among these rural immigrants and their descendants revealed that a set of asterisms were distributed according to the origins of the different European communities and also according to their uses in agriculture, animal husbandry and meteorology.
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EBARA, Sumiko. "PROTECTION OF RUINS IN THE 19TH AND THE FIRST HALF OF 20TH CENTURY BRITAIN : TECHNIQUE, LAW AND PHILOSOPHY." Journal of Architecture and Planning (Transactions of AIJ) 71, no. 608 (2006): 205–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3130/aija.71.205_4.
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