Academic literature on the topic 'The amount of patent cited'
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Journal articles on the topic "The amount of patent cited"
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Boasson, Vigdis, and Emil Boasson. "Firm value, spatial knowledge flow, and innovation: evidence from patent citations." China Finance Review International 5, no. 2 (2015): 132–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cfri-08-2014-0056.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of geographic location of research-intensive firms in the ability to generate new research and products, which consequently affects firm value. Design/methodology/approach – The authors conduct the empirical study following a three-step process. First, if pharmaceutical firms are more likely to cite the patents of other firms and other innovators that are nearby, as opposed to firms and other innovators that are far away, then location (i.e. close proximity) is likely important when it comes to the ability to learn and to use the knowledge being generated by other innovators. The authors employ a “geographic information systems” (GIS) and geo-code each pair of citing and cited patents. In addition, the authors utilize spatial statistics such as Moran’s I to analyze the spatial clustering pattern of patent citations and knowledge flows. Next, the authors measure the pharmaceutical companies’ ability to generate useful patents as a function of the amount of innovation and industrial activity that is occurring close to them. Finally, the authors test whether a firm’s location relates to its firm value. Specifically, the authors model firm value as a function of its patents quality, but the authors also allow the firm’s patents quality to be a function of its location and locational attributes. In this way, the authors establish a link between location and firm value. Using a simultaneous system of equations, the authors find that location explains patent quality, which, in turn, explains firm value. In other words, there is a positive relationship between firm value, innovation and location. Findings – In empirical tests using pharmaceutical firms and their patents, the authors first find that firms more often cite patents of other firms that are geographically closer to them than those firms that are farther away. The authors then find that a patent’s quality is a function of the firm’s near proximity to other knowledge-intensive institutions and activities. Finally, the authors find that because patent quality is a function of a firm’s geographic location, location consequently affects firm value. Research limitations/implications – For knowledge-intensive firms, geographic location matters. More specifically, the authors contend that research-intensive firms are better able to use and to expand on existing knowledge when they are closer to other research-intensive enterprises. The implication is that firm value maximization involves a location factor. Practical implications – The practical implication for investors is that investors should invest in those firms that are situated in a location that is rich in geographic innovation resources because those firms are more likely to generate more and higher quality patents or innovations. Originality/value – The study is the first to establish the linkage among spatial knowledge diffusion, geographic drivers of innovation, and market valuation of the firm. The study is unique in that the authors not only present evidence on spatial knowledge flows by geo-coding the exact longitude and latitude location coordinates of citing and cited patens, but more importantly, the authors also identify geographic drivers of innovation, and examine their impacts on citation-weighted patent counts and knowledge stock. Finally, using a series of simultaneous equations, the authors show how geographic innovation resources positively affect citation-weighted patent stock and knowledge stock and consequently affect market value of the firm. Thus, the novel approach contributes not only to the literature that measures geographic localization of knowledge flow using patent citations, but also to the literature that examines the impact of geographic sources of innovations on patent outputs and patent quality and, thus on firm value for research-intensive firms.
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Choo, Stephanie, Stephen Nogan, and Laura Matrka. "Postoperative Opioid Prescribing and Consumption Patterns after Tonsillectomy." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 161, no. 6 (2019): 960–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0194599819866823.
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Objectives Despite increased concern with the opioid epidemic, literature remains scant regarding narcotic prescription and use following tonsillectomy. Study Design Retrospective cohort study with telephone interview. Subject and Methods A chart review from January to August 2018 evaluated the difference between prescribed amounts of narcotic and patient-reported usage following tonsillectomy ( Current Procedural Terminology codes 42821 and 42826). Patients were excluded if they used opioids for chronic pain, had a history of chronic opioid use or substance abuse, or underwent tonsillectomy to exclude malignancy. A telephone interview assessed opioid and nonopioid usage and pain control postoperatively, including amount and form of narcotics remaining. Results Sixty-four patients were enrolled at a mean 4.47 months after tonsillectomy. The mean ± SD prescribed morphine milligram equivalent (MME) was 456.1 ± 281.7, with only 302.8 ± 206.2 consumed. The mean MME prescribed per day was 74.1 ± 44.8, and average days of narcotic usage postoperatively was 9.6 ± 4.6, correlating with a mean MME per day of 49.2 ± 34.3 if the maximum prescribed dose per day was consumed. Fifty-four (84.4%) patients reported pain as well controlled. Forty-three (67.2%) patients reported residual narcotic medication, with 228.1 ± 208.5 MMEs remaining per patient. Narcotic solutions were more completely consumed than tablet forms, with 23.1% and 44.0% remaining, respectively. Patients cited uncertainty about safe disposal and safeguarding for future use as reasons for keeping residual narcotic. Conclusions Patient-reported narcotic use is significantly lower than the amount prescribed after tonsillectomy for benign disease. Providers can use these data to adjust narcotic-prescribing patterns while maintaining appropriate pain management for patients undergoing tonsillectomy.
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Awosan, KJ, A. Yunusa, I. Yakubu, KK Yunusa, and AM Auwal. "KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE OF PHARMACOVIGILANCE AMONG OPERATORS OF PHARMACIES AND PATENT MEDICINE STORES IN SOKOTO METROPOLIS, NIGERIA." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 8, no. 5 (2018): 358–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v8i5.1881.
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Background: The weak pharmacovigilance (PV) systems in many developing countries of the world have undoubtedly hampered the global quest for safe drug use. Operators of pharmacies and patent medicine stores have important roles to play in developing the PV systems in these countries being the main source of medicines for acute conditions. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of pharmacovigilance among operators of pharmacies and patent medicine stores in Sokoto metropolis, Nigeria.
 Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 249 operators of pharmacies and patent medicine stores selected by multistage sampling technique. Data were collected with a set of pretested self- administered, semi-structured questionnaire.
 Results: Although, the majority, 173 (69.5%) of the 249 respondents were aware of PV, less than a fifth (17.3%) had good knowledge of it. Despite positive attitude towards PV, only about half, 56 (52.3%) of the 107 respondents that had observed adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in clients reported; and of these, only about a tenth (12.8%) formally reported to the organization in charge of PV. The most commonly cited reasons for non-reporting were that they didn’t know where and how to report (51.0%), and unavailability of reporting forms (23.5%).
 Conclusion: This study showed poor knowledge of PV and sub-optimal ADRs reporting despite positive attitude towards it by operators of pharmacies and patent medicine stores in Sokoto metropolis, Nigeria. Sensitization of the populace and training of healthcare providers on PV and ADRs reporting are necessary for revitalizing the PV system in Sokoto State, Nigeria.
 Keywords: Pharmacovigilance, knowledge, attitude, practice
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Malhão, Eduarda Carrera, Fabio de Almeida Gomes, Cláudio Maniglia Ferreira, Danilo Lopes Ferreira Lima, Maísa Casarin, and Fernanda Geraldo Pappen. "Endodontic treatment during COVID-19 pandemic." Brazilian Journal of Oral Sciences 20 (June 11, 2021): e213555. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/bjos.v20i00.8663555.
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Aim: This study evaluated, by the application of questionnaires, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the clinical routine and inspection by the competent authorities, on the flow of patients in the office, as well as on possible changes in Endodontic treatment costs and the amounts charged to patients. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from May 2nd, 2020 to May 6th, 2020, using an online questionnaire with a convenience sample. The inclusion criterion was professionals who perform endodontic treatments in daily clinical practice and who professional setting is private practice. The questionnaire brought questions about the impact on costs and the amount charged to the patient. Results: A total of 1042 questionnaires were answered from all the different states of Brazil, by professional who usually perform Endodontic treatment, and who is working in private practice. A total of 1010 (96.9%) respondents affirm it was necessary to modify the protective equipment in endodontic treatment due to pandemic and longer intervals between appointments was cited by 922 (88.5%), economically affecting the dental practice. There was no association between routine changes and economic impacts with gender, professional experience, area of residence or education level. Conclusion: In conclusion, most dental professionals recognized changes in the routine of endodontic treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic. They have a perception of increase in endodontic costs, and reduction in the volume of patients.
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Kabbani, Sarah, Penny Greenberg, Bianca Falcone, et al. "1635. Analysis of Antibiotic-Related Malpractice Claims, 2007 to 2016." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 6, Supplement_2 (2019): S596. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofz360.1499.
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Abstract Background The threat of medical liability can influence physician behavior and lead to the practice of “defensive medicine.” Concern for malpractice liability has been cited as a cause of inappropriate antibiotic prescribing. Data on malpractice claims related to antibiotic use (AU) are lacking. The objectives of this analysis were to describe malpractice claims associated with AU. Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of pooled closed antibiotic-related claims from a malpractice carrier representing 30% of US malpractice cases from January, 2007 to December, 2016. We described antibiotic-related, malpractice claims, patient demographics, amount of indemnity paid, clinical severity, settings, responsible services, initial diagnoses, drug classes, and causes of allegation. Results From 2007 to 2016, 767 antibiotic-related claims were identified and represented less than 1% of overall claims. A total of $123 million were paid for antibiotic-related claims. Claims classified as medium to high clinical severity constituted 97% of all claims, with 35% having permanent injury and 24% leading to death. Of all patients, 56% were female, 8% were < 20 years of age, and 32% were ≥ 60 years old. Most claims (51%) were associated with outpatient settings, 37% with inpatient, and 11% with emergency department settings. Responsible services with the highest number of claims were medicine (44%), surgery (27%) and the emergency medicine (9%). The most common infection cited as an initial diagnosis was respiratory (10%), followed by urinary (7%) and skin and soft-tissue infections (6%). The most common class cited was β-lactams (19%), followed by fluoroquinolones (14%) and sulfa-drugs (11%). Allegations associated with antibiotic administration and management constituted 62% of all claims, 19% were related to failure or delay in diagnosis or treatment, and 19% were due to other causes. Conclusion Claims related to AU were not a common cause of malpractice claims in these data source. Antibiotic administration and management was more commonly associated with malpractice claims than failure or delay in AU. A better understanding of malpractice claims associated with AU can help guide messaging on improving antibiotic prescribing. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.
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Wexler, Richard, Bethany S. Gerstein, Charles Brackett, et al. "Decision Aids in the United States: the Patient Response." International Journal of Person Centered Medicine 5, no. 3 (2015): 105–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5750/ijpcm.v5i3.517.
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Background: In the United States and elsewhere, a growing chorus of voices is calling for the routine use of patient decision aids (DAs) and shared decision making (SDM) in day-to-day care. A frequently cited barrier to this approach is the belief that many patients will not be able to understand key clinical information and/or prefer to delegate decision making to providers. These beliefs, often held by providers, are thought to be particularly applicable to elderly and less educated patients.Objectives: To test the perception that older and less educated patients will not value or benefit from DAs.Research design: Self-administered questionnaires completed by patients after viewing DAs.Subjects: 3001 patients in six primary care practice sites facing one of sixteen common medical decisions.Measures: Amount of DA viewed, knowledge about medical tests or treatments, DA rating, and importance of receiving DAs from providers.Results: Across age and education level, higher self-reported exposure to the DAs was associated with higher knowledge scores. Those over 65 and those who had not attended college had knowledge gains at least has high as those in other groups. There were no statistically significant differences by age or education in patient assessment of the importance of using DAs.Conclusions: Patients in primary care settings in the U.S. learn from DAs, rate them highly, and believe that providers should make them available in ways that are mainly independent of patient age or formal education.
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Tribett, Erika Lauren, Kavitha Ramchandran, Joshua Fronk, et al. "Palliative Care Always as a massive open online course (MOOC) to build primary palliative care in a global audience." Journal of Clinical Oncology 34, no. 26_suppl (2016): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2016.34.26_suppl.123.
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123 Background: Primary palliative care (PC) is critical to improve access to PC from the point of diagnosis. Still, barriers exist to providing primary PC worldwide, including a lack of awareness, time, and training. Interactive online learning experiences can help overcome these. This project describes a massive open online course (MOOC)--Palliative Care Always--designed to build primary PC skills in a global audience. Methods: A team of PC providers and online instructional experts developed 12 modules that included: patient scenes, brief lectures, empathy exercises, and Google Hangout discussions. Course objectives included awareness of PC, practicing effective communication skills, basic symptom assessment and management. The target audience included oncology clinicians; secondary audience included patients and families. The MOOC launched January-April 2016. Participant engagement, satisfaction and self-reported knowledge were assessed through pre- and post-surveys. Multiple choice assessments captured knowledge gain. Follow-up assessments will be distributed three months post-MOOC. Results: By April 2016, the course reached 1,300 participants from 91 countries. 54% were from the US, followed by India, Brazil, and Canada. 76% were healthcare professionals, the majority being nurses (40%), physicians (19%) and social workers (13%). The remaining 24% included patient, caregivers, and others interested in PC. Top reasons for enrolling were interest in PC, personal growth and job relevance. On average, 27% of enrollees actively engaged week-over-week. Eighty-six percent of respondents were “very satisfied” with the amount learned, and over 50% cited learning “a great deal” in: communicating difficult news, goals of care, psychosocial and hospice care. 93% cited being “very likely” to recommend the course. Conclusions: Interactive MOOC experiences have the potential to build PC awareness, primary skills and global PC networks. Upcoming iterations will incorporate: accommodations for varying levels of PC knowledge; additional opportunities for interaction between participants, including social networks; blended learning; and evaluation of impact on practice and healthcare outcomes.
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Vishwani, Ankit, H. C. Taneja, G. K. Das, Neelima Gupta, and Vipin Arora. "Study of patient outcome in endoscopic dacrocystorhinosomy using a microdebrider in chronic dacryocystitis patients." International Surgery Journal 7, no. 2 (2020): 440. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-2902.isj20200294.
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Background: Endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) has become accepted as a suitable treatment for patients with chronic dacryocystitis. In this study authors did endoscopic dacrocystorhinosomy using a microdebrider, which is a recent advancement tool being used successfully in other endoscopic sinus surgeries also. Limited studies are available as of now on this topic.Methods: A total number of 33 patients (with 40 affected eyes) presenting with complains of epiphora having nasolacrimal duct obstruction were selected. They underwent an endoscopic DCR in which dissection of some nasal mucosa and widening of bony ostium was done using a microdebrider. Silicone stent was passed into the nasolacrimal duct through both punctum. Patient outcome was assessed by using both objective (endoscopy and dye test) and subjective (improved symptoms) criteria. Standard follow up time for clinical course was kept 3 months with weekly visits.Results: Patients which got relief from epiphora in 37 eyes (92.5% cases) had no obstruction on endoscopy and positive dye test. Rest (7.5 % cases) had presence of granulation tissue at rhinostoma site and negative dye test, which was cited as the cause of failure.Conclusions: The use of microdebrider is potentially beneficial in endoscopic endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy. By using such an instrument, the minimal amount of tissue damage occurs, a large fistula is formed, and the recurrence due to the formation of adhesions/synechiae/granulations is prevented/reduced thus reducing the time of surgery, complications and failure rate.
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Velayos-Ortega, Gema, and Rosana López-Carreño. "Non-Patent Literature." Encyclopedia 1, no. 1 (2021): 198–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/encyclopedia1010019.
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Non-patent literature is defined as scientific publications, technical standards, conference proceedings, clinical trials, books, manuals, technical or research reports, or any other technical scientific material which is cited in patents to show what has already been published and disseminated about the invention to be patented, in order to justify its novelty. These documents are considered technically relevant to the patent granting procedure and are cited along with other patents related to the same subject matter.
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Clyne, Brian, Jessica L. Smith, and Anthony M. Napoli. "Influence of Clinical Experience and Productivity on Emergency Medicine Faculty Teaching Scores." Journal of Graduate Medical Education 4, no. 4 (2012): 434–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4300/jgme-d-11-00193.1.
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Abstract Background Commonly cited barriers to effective teaching in emergency medicine include lack of time, competing demands for patient care, and a lack of formal teaching experience. Teaching may be negatively affected by demands for increased clinical productivity, or positively influenced by clinical experience. Objective To examine the association between faculty teaching scores and clinical productivity, years of clinical experience, and amount of clinical contact with resident physicians. Methods We conducted a retrospective, observational study with existing data on full-time faculty at a high-volume, urban emergency medicine residency training program for academic year 2008–2009. Residents rated faculty on 9 domains of teaching, including willingness to teach, enthusiasm for teaching, medical knowledge, preparation, and communication. Clinical productivity data for relative value units per hour and number of patients per hour, years of clinical experience, and annual clinical hours were obtained from existing databases. Results For the 25 core faculty members included in the study, there was no relationship between faculty teaching scores and clinical productivity measures (relative value units per hour: r2 = 0.01, P = .96, patients per hour: r2 = 0.00, P = .76), or between teaching scores and total clinical hours with residents (r2 = 0.07, P = .19). There was a significant negative relationship between years of experience and teaching scores (r2 = 0.27, P &lt; .01). Conclusions Our study demonstrated that teaching scores for core emergency medicine faculty did not correlate with clinical productivity or amount of clinical contact with residents. Teaching scores were inversely related to number of years of clinical experience, with more experienced faculty earning the lowest teaching scores. Further study is necessary to determine if there are clinical measures that identify good educators.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "The amount of patent cited"
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Biglu, Mohammad Hossein. "Scientometric study of patent literature in MEDLINE & SCI." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philosophische Fakultät I, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/15735.
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Die Studie wird in fünf Teile unterteilt: Das erste Kapitel beschäftigt sich mit Patentanmeldungen und geförderten Patenten im USPTO, WIPO, und EPO. In diesem Kapitel wird die Korrelation zwischen dem BIP und der länderspezifischen Patentanzahl analysiert. Das zweite Kapitel gibt einen Überblick über die Literatur über Patente in MEDLINE. In diesem Kapitel wird eine szientometrische Analyse durchgeführt, damit die Entwicklung der Patentliteratur in MEDLINE über den Zeitraum von 1965 bis 2005 quantitativ gemessen werden kann. Das dritte Kapitel befasst sich mit der Literatur über Patente im SCI. In diesem Kapitel werden alle Dokumente, die vom SCI über den Zeitraum 1965 bis 2005 als “Patents“ indexiert wurden, unter die Lupe genommen. Das vierte Kapitel analysiert die Patenten, die im SCI zitiert werden. Das fünfte Kapitel analysiert die Anzahl der Literaturhinweise (Referenzen) pro Veröffentlichung im SCI über den Zeitraum 1970-2005. In diesem Hinblick wurde eine Gesamtzahl von 10,000 Dokumenten pro Jahr ausgesucht sowie der Bedeutungswert von Nennungen pro Zeitschrift berechnet. Die Analyse der Daten ergab: Die USA sind das führende Land bezüglich der Erstellung und der Zulassung von Patenten, gleichermaßen gefolgt von Japan und Deutschland. Die Halbwertszeit der Zitierung von Patenten beträgt seit 1994 konstant 8,1 Jahre. Das ist eine 41% längere Zitierungsrate gegenüber den allgemeinen wissenschaftlichen Dokumenten im SCI. Es gibt eine lineare Korrelation zwischen der Zahl von Literaturhinweisen (Referenzen) in einem Journal, wie sie im SCI erfasst sind, und der Wahrscheinlichkeit zitiert zu werden. Die Anzahl der Literaturhinweise (Referenzen) pro Veröffentlichung zwischen 1970 und 2005 im SCI ist ständig angestiegen. Die Selbstzitation von Zeitschriften bei einer steigenden Zahl von Verweisen beeinflusst die Steigerung des Impact Factor im SCI. Die Leitartikelpolitik der Sprachen wurde in der MEDLINE und im SCI geändert.<br>This study is divided into five sections. The first section consists of patent applications and granted patents issued by USPTO, WIPO), and EPO. In this section the relationship between the GDP and country’s patent quantity is analysed. The second section analysis the patent literature in MEDLINE. In this section a scientometric analysis is performed to assess the quantitative trend of patent literature in MEDLINE throughout 1965-2005. The third section analysis the patent literature in the SCI. In this section all documents indexed as a topic of “patents” in the SCI throughout 1965-2005 are analysed. The fourth section analysis the citations to the patent documents indexed in the SCI, and illustrate the average number of cited references per paper for patent citing documents. The fifth section analysis the references per paper in the SCI through 1970-2005. The Analyses of data showed: The USA is the leading country filing and granting patents followed by Japan and Germany respectively. The half-life of citations to the patent-documents is 41% higher than the half-life of citations to the general scientific documents in the SCI. The number of references per paper from 1970 to 2005 has steadily increased. The rough constant percentage of self-citation of journals and the growing increase of references per paper led to the absolute growing number of self-citations and to the increase of the Impact Factor of the citing journals in the SCI. The editorial policy of languages is being changed in MEDLINE and in the SCI. The consideration of policy makers in these databases have been focused on the literature of science in English. There was a tendency in the last decades towards collaboration in scientific publishing with American authors that can be observed in the SCI with authors from different countries.
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Chen, Kang-yu, and 陳岡佑. "Using Highly Cited and Patent Co-citation to Foresight PDA Technology Trajectory." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/42878586003564738450.
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碩士<br>國立雲林科技大學<br>企業管理系碩士班<br>93<br>Nowadays, technology development changes with each passing days. PDA is really a good assistant for businessmen to process data. Because of its light, thin and portable features, PDA can meet demand of data process and information management anytime and anywhere. Moreover, PDA is also the one of information products growing very rapidly. Many Taiwanese and world leading corporations investment a large number of resources in research and development of PDA and its related technologies.
This study probes PDA technology trajectory through Patent Co-Citation Analysis(Wu,2004). One objective is to make up the gap of insufficient classification for IPC and UPC and make further classification for PDA technology. Based on the theory of S Curve, this study attempts to figure out the development and circumstance of PDA related technology and offer managerial implications and suggestions for practices.
Conclusion of this study comprises five points. First, PCA can assist corporations to pay attention to the high value patent. Second, PDA technology has been in the mature stage, For the PDA new products, this study suggests corporations can not only enhance the specification, also combine other new technology in application. In the case, the new products can attract more consumers. Third, PDA technology and patent strategy can focus on authorization and improvement. Fourth, development of PDA technology follows S curve: slowly rise at the beginning and go up speedily. But not all technology in this field are out of S curve yet. Finally, the leading enterprises in this field now are HP, PALM and SamSung.
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Sung, Yi-Shan, and 宋宜珊. "Manifesting Relevant Patent Citations and Relevant Un-cited Patents Using Bibliographic Coupling and Co-Citation." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/86690814315535110189.
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碩士<br>國立臺灣大學<br>工業工程學研究所<br>98<br>Patent citations are extensively used for measuring the importance of patents, regarded as the knowledge flow among countries and technology fields for analysis, and applied to mapping technological trajectories for studying the evolution of the technology. However, patent citation analysis is subject to some uncertainties. Many patents are cited only with slightly relevant because they are only related to one very specific technical aspect. Moreover, many patents which should have been cited are missed. This paper aims to identify the relevant citations and the relevant un-cited patents in order to present the more precise view in the citation relationships. Both of BC and CC methods are utilized to identify the relevant citations and the relevant un-cited patents. Besides, the occurrence of relevant citations and relevant un-cited patents are related to the citation time lag (CTL), which is the time necessary for the cited patent being cited by the citing patent. The results show that citations with shorter CTL are more possible to be relevant, and this phenomenon is more obvious by BC. It reveals that it takes time for any two patents to establish their CC relations. Some relevant information cannot be dug out by CC, and therefore BC is the better approach of the identification.
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Chen, Chun-Hsien, and 陳群顯. "Construction of Methods to Determine Amount of Damages in Patent Infringement Actions." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/79343379503083363312.
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博士<br>國立交通大學<br>科技管理研究所<br>100<br>The legal regulations of damages calculation are too abstract to be applied in practical cases and thus, the damages awarded in judicial trial under current civil law system facesdissertation the problem of uncertainty. Although both parties and the court apply the same legal regulations, the respectively desired damages awards are quite different. The uncertainty of damages award will initiate unnecessary patent litigations. One party will pursue endless patent litigation by chance if there is a hope to obtain favorable judgment. Therefore, the ultimate purpose to promote research & development and competition among industries proposed in the Patent Law is difficult to be achieved.
This dissertation focuses on the construction of methods to determine amount of damages in patent infringement actions. From the perspective of promoting the research & development and competition among industries, this dissertation first examines the practical problems of why there is huge gap between the expected value of the parties and the damages award from the court judgment, and then, points out the real questions that the court, the plaintiff and the defendant faced when applying the legal regulations stipulated in the Patent Law concerning the calculation of the damages. This dissertation classifies and generalizes the questions with respect to the calculation of damages in patent infringement actions through empirical studies on patent litigation in Taiwan courts and then provides explanations to deal with these questions. This dissertation further proposes feasible solutions to apply current regulations to reasonably calculate damages under the current system of Patent Law in Taiwan so as to resolve questions occurred in court practices. Another purpose of this dissertation is to provide useful guidelines for judges’ reference when determining damages and thus promote the predictability of court judgments and achieve the goal of consistency of court judgments.
Books on the topic "The amount of patent cited"
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Whitman, Charles Sidney. Patent Cases Determined in the Supreme Court of the United States: Including Copyright and Trade-Mark Cases, and a Table of All American Patent, Copyright, and Trade-Mark Cases Which Have Been Cited, Affirmed, or Reversed. HardPress, 2020.
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Burhenn, Peggy S. Delirium. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190204709.003.0007.
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This chapter provides an overview of delirium, differentiating among hyperactive, hypoactive, and mixed subtypes. Delirium is a common, serious medical problem that is underrecognized by healthcare providers. Evidence suggests that frequent assessment of patients can result in increased recognition of delirium, which will allow for earlier intervention. Limited data are available on effective interventions for delirium once it begins; however, proactive prevention strategies have been successful. Various screening tools are recommended to identify patients with delirium. The multiple predisposing and precipitating factors that can complicate determining the cause are explored. There is a review of the assessment and interventions for delirium management and prevention protocols that target its risk factors, as well as a brief discussion of the principles of pharmacological management and previously cited recommendations. Education of staff, patients, and family members is vital.
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Stuart, Casey-Maslen, Clapham Andrew, Giacca Gilles, and Parker Sarah. Art.26 Relationship with Other International Agreements. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198723523.003.0030.
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This chapter examines Article 26 of the ATT which describes the treaty’s relationship with other international agreements. The article permits states parties to adopt treaties and other agreements that govern the trade in conventional arms and ammunition/munitions and parts and components (items), provided that these are consistent with the obligations set out in the ATT. In accordance with paragraph 1, adherence to any treaty or agreement relating to arms or items by an ATT state party that contravened or undermined its obligations under the ATT would amount to a violation of the ATT and implicate the international responsibility of that state. Additionally, the article stipulates that the ATT shall not be cited as grounds for voiding defence co-operation agreements concluded between states parties to the ATT.
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Grigg, Gordon, and David Kirshner. Biology and Evolution of Crocodylians. CSIRO Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9781486300679.
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Biology and Evolution of Crocodylians is a comprehensive review of current knowledge about the world's largest and most famous living reptiles.
 
 Gordon Grigg's authoritative and accessible text and David Kirshner's stunning interpretive artwork and colour photographs combine expertly in this contemporary celebration of crocodiles, alligators, caimans and gharials. This book showcases the skills and capabilities that allow crocodylians to live how and where they do. It covers the biology and ecology of the extant species, conservation issues, crocodylian–human interaction and the evolutionary history of the group, and includes a vast amount of new information; 25 per cent of 1100 cited publications have appeared since 2007. 
 
 Richly illustrated with more than 500 colour photographs and black and white illustrations, this book will be a benchmark reference work for crocodylian biologists, herpetologists and vertebrate biologists for years to come.
 
 Winner of the 2015 Whitley Medal.
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Hopke, Jill E., and Luis E. Hestres. Communicating about Fossil Fuel Divestment. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228620.013.566.
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Divestment is a socially responsible investing tactic to remove assets from a sector or industry based on moral objections to its business practices. It has historical roots in the anti-apartheid movement in South Africa. The early-21st-century fossil fuel divestment movement began with climate activist and 350.org co-founder Bill McKibben’s Rolling Stone article, “Global Warming’s Terrifying New Math.” McKibben’s argument centers on three numbers. The first is 2°C, the international target for limiting global warming that was agreed upon at the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change 2009 Copenhagen conference of parties (COP). The second is 565 Gigatons, the estimated upper limit of carbon dioxide that the world population can put into the atmosphere and reasonably expect to stay below 2°C. The third number is 2,795 Gigatons, which is the amount of proven fossil fuel reserves. That the amount of proven reserves is five times that which is allowable within the 2°C limit forms the basis for calls to divest.The aggregation of individual divestment campaigns constitutes a movement with shared goals. Divestment can also function as “tactic” to indirectly apply pressure to targets of a movement, such as in the case of the movement to stop the Dakota Access Pipeline in the United States. Since 2012, the fossil fuel divestment movement has been gaining traction, first in the United States and United Kingdom, with student-led organizing focused on pressuring universities to divest endowment assets on moral grounds.In partnership with 350.org, The Guardian launched its Keep it in the Ground campaign in March 2015 at the behest of outgoing editor-in-chief Alan Rusbridger. Within its first year, the digital campaign garnered support from more than a quarter-million online petitioners and won a “campaign of the year” award in the Press Gazette’s British Journalism Awards. Since the launch of The Guardian’s campaign, “keep it in the ground” has become a dominant frame used by fossil fuel divestment activists.Divestment campaigns seek to stigmatize the fossil fuel industry. The rationale for divestment rests on the idea that fossil fuel companies are financially valued based on their resource reserves and will not be able to extract these reserves with a 2°C or lower climate target. Thus, their valuation will be reduced and the financial holdings become “stranded assets.” Critics of divestment have cited the costs and risks to institutional endowments that divestment would entail, arguing that to divest would go against their fiduciary responsibility. Critics have also argued that divesting from fossil fuel assets would have little or no impact on the industry. Some higher education institutions, including Princeton and Harvard, have objected to divestment as a politicization of their endowments. Divestment advocates have responded to this concern by pointing out that not divesting is not a politically neutral act—it is, in fact, choosing the side of fossil fuel corporations.
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Pila, Justine, and Paul Torremans. European Intellectual Property Law. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198831280.001.0001.
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European Intellectual Property Law offers a full account of the nature, context, and effect of European IP law. The amount and reach of European law- and decision-making in the field of intellectual property has grown exponentially since the 1960s, making it increasingly difficult to treat European IP regimes as mere adjuncts to domestic and international regimes. European Intellectual Property Law responds to this reality by presenting a clear and detailed account of each of the main European IP systems, including the areas of substantive IP law on which they are based. The result is a full account of the European intellectual property field, presented in the context of both the EU legal system and international IP law, including EU constitutional law, the law of the European Patent Convention 1973/2000, and private international law. By drawing selectively on examples from domestic IP regimes, the text also illustrates substantive differences between those regimes and demonstrates the impact of European law and decision-making on EU Member States. The result is a modern treatment of European IP law that goes beyond a discussion of the provisions of individual legal instruments to consider their wider context and effect.
Book chapters on the topic "The amount of patent cited"
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Morris, John, Nicole Thompson, Tracey Wallace, Mike Jones, and Frank DeRuyter. "Survey of Rehabilitation Clinicians in the United States: Barriers and Critical Use-Cases for mRehab Adoption." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58805-2_30.
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AbstractThis paper presents data and analysis from survey research conducted by the Rehabilitation Engineering Research Center on Information and Communications Technology Access for Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Access for Community Living, Health and Function (LiveWell RERC) on the perceptions and attitudes of clinical professionals in rehabilitation medicine regarding mobile health (mHealth) and mobile rehabilitation (mRehab) practices, techniques and technology in the United States. The analytical focus of this paper is on two key survey questions related to specific barriers and opportunities (most critical use-cases) for adopting mHealth/mRehab interventions. We present response data to these two questions segmented by clinical specialty – physical, occupational, speech and recreation therapy – to identify possible variation between and among these rehabilitation professions. This analysis provides a detailed map of the terrain of clinician expectations and experiences for the adoption and implementation of mHealth/mRehab interventions in the United States, and possibly other countries. Results show substantial support for mRehab interventions and technologies across all four clinical specialties. The most frequently identified barriers to effective use of mobile and internet technologies to support patients remotely focused on patients (ability to learn and use the technology, and internet access), not clinicians. The was more variability among clinical specializations regarding best use-cases. Tracking patient adherence to prescribed activities and supporting patients in the home and community were the most frequently cited best use cases across the whole sample.
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He, Peng. "Zhongshan Longcheng Daily Products Co., Ltd. v. Hubei Tongba Children’s Products Co., Ltd. (Dispute over the Infringement of Utility Model Patent Right)—Whether the Prior Agreement Between the Patentee and the Infringer Can Serve as the Basis for Ascertaining the Amount of Damages for Infringement." In Library of Selected Cases from the Chinese Court. Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0342-9_31.
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Gooday, Graeme, and Karen Sayer. "Purchase, Use and Adaptation : Interpreting ‘Patented’ Aids to the Deaf in Victorian Britain." In Rethinking Modern Prostheses in Anglo-American Commodity Cultures, 1820-1939. Manchester University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7228/manchester/9781526101426.003.0002.
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While aids to hearing were ubiquitous in nineteenth century middle class culture, they have only recently attracted attention among historians.Many such devices were inscribed with patent markings officially approved by the London Patent Office. Others instead simply bore claims to expired patents or the name of apparent ‘patentees’: such inscriptions served to persuade prospective purchasers that certain devices were ‘genuine’ inventions. The purchase of hearing aids was thus subject to complex relationships between designers, users, and user-designers centred on issues of trust, identity and efficacy. Drawing on patent records, advertising, the writings of ‘deaf’ journalists and artefacts, this chapter explores the selling of hearing aids as both a commercial and cultural encounter. First it looks at how the Rein and Hawksley companies adopted different strategies with regard to patenting and engaging prospective customers. Second it examines how hard-of-hearing journalists critiqued the opportunist vendors that often cited patents in their ‘advertising’ as a guarantor of effectiveness. The chapter concludes by examining the lived experiences of hearing aids purchasers, showing how such research affords historians the opportunity to investigate the histories of the deaf and hard of hearing through the material culture they accessed, whether designed for them or sometimes even by them.
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"Cases Cited." In The Chemist's Companion Guide to Patent Law. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470636916.oth1.
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"Note on Cited Patent Documents." In Universal Computer Interfaces. Elsevier, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-036610-4.50005-8.
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"List of Cited Patent Documents." In Universal Computer Interfaces. Elsevier, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-036610-4.50011-3.
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"Note on Cited Patent Documents." In Handbook of Sensors and Actuators. Elsevier, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1386-2766(97)80004-7.
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"List of Cited Patent Documents." In Microprocessors. Elsevier, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-030575-2.50036-3.
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"NOTE ON CITED PATENT DOCUMENTS." In Nickel & Cobalt Extraction Using Organic Compounds. Elsevier, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-030576-9.50005-9.
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"NOTE ON CITED PATENT DOCUMENTS." In Optical Fibres. Elsevier, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-030577-6.50005-x.
Full textConference papers on the topic "The amount of patent cited"
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Yu, Xiaoying, Cheng Qian, and Yuting Yan. "The Study on Measurement of the Amount of Defense Patent Compensation." In 2014 6th International Conference on Intelligent Human-Machine Systems and Cybernetics (IHMSC). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ihmsc.2014.173.
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Russo, Davide, Tiziano Montecchi, and Ying Liu. "Functional-Based Search for Patent Technology Transfer." In ASME 2012 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2012-70833.
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Patent literature contains over 70 million patent documents, so the amount of information available to companies and the opportunity to derive business value and market new products from this collection is huge. However, presently an effective information extraction is a difficult task because patentees typically write using their own lexicon, style and strategy in describing their inventions. This paper presents a discussion about open problems and a way to overcome them by a new functional search based on Function-Behaviour-Physical effect-Structure ontology. This ontology is used for a technology transfer activity by patents, with the aim of making users aware of how technologies, not yet exploited in their own field, have already been patented in other domains and exactly for achieving their same desired goal. To reach this objective a multidisciplinary approach is proposed, combining design ontologies with information retrieval tools. A case study has been presented to demonstrate how the conceived framework is strategic to search for patents and automatically classify them according to the proposed ontology.
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Liu, Qi, Han Wu, Yuyang Ye, Hongke Zhao, Chuanren Liu, and Dongfang Du. "Patent Litigation Prediction: A Convolutional Tensor Factorization Approach." In Twenty-Seventh International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-18}. International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2018/701.
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Patent litigation is an expensive legal process faced by many companies. To reduce the cost of patent litigation, one effective approach is proactive management based on predictive analysis. However, automatic prediction of patent litigation is still an open problem due to the complexity of lawsuits. In this paper, we propose a data-driven framework, Convolutional Tensor Factorization (CTF), to identify the patents that may cause litigations between two companies. Specifically, CTF is a hybrid modeling approach, where the content features from the patents are represented by the Network embedding-combined Convolutional Neural Network (NCNN) and the lawsuit records of companies are summarized in a tensor, respectively. Then, CTF integrates NCNN and tensor factorization to systematically exploit both content information and collaborative information from large amount of data. Finally, the risky patents will be returned by a learning to rank strategy. Extensive experimental results on real-world data demonstrate the effectiveness of our framework.
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Augustine, Garrett, and Scott Augustine. "Accurate Non-Invasive Temperature Monitoring Device." In 2017 Design of Medical Devices Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dmd2017-3476.
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Core temperature is one of the most tightly auto-regulated physiological processes. Anesthetic drugs compromise the body’s ability to thermoregulate. When core temperature is outside of the normothermia range, patients are at increased risk of myriad complications. Hypothermic patients are at higher risk of, among other things, increased wound infections2, increased blood loss3, increased ICU times and hospital stays2, higher mortality rates4, increased transfusion requirements3. “Even mildly hypothermic patients could suffer an increase in adverse outcomes that can add costs of as much as $2,500–$7,000 per patient.”5 These risks are great such that clinicians actively warm hypothermic patients to achieve normothermia. Given the importance of the core temperature on outcomes, there is a clear necessity for accurate core temperature measurement. Core temperature measurement is often misunderstood. Perhaps due to the pervasive home use of oral mercury thermometers to “take your temperature,” many wrongly assume that non-invasive core temperature is measured easily and accurately. Oral, axilla, nasal are all unreliable. Temporal/forehead and ear are particularly inaccurate. “Global authorities in anesthesiology and medicine have cited inadequacies with virtually all thermometry”6 False assurance or false alarm are both dangerous. There is currently no non-invasive way to reliably and accurately measure core temperature. Why is this? The peripheral compartment is not in equilibrium with core. Fat and other layers further complicate the matter. Fat has the thermal conductivity of oak, and thus non-invasive methods to measure core are as Abreu puts it “taking measurements on the outside surface of an oak cask to determine the temperature of its contents.”6 Laws of Thermodynamics notwithstanding, many still try. Invasive esophageal or rectal and to a lesser extent bladder, are the only way to accurately measure core. The fact is, in order to measure their patients’ core temperature vital sign accurately, clinicians have only available to them the medical equivalent of a meat thermometer. Intubated patients under general anesthesia are perfectly suited for invasive core temperature monitoring. They are not going to gag the esophageal stethoscope, nor would they find rectal or bladder probing uncomfortable in their unconsciousness. Clinicians may find probing mildly unpleasant and a minor time consumption, but once again, given the lack of alternatives, the only real option is to grin and bear it. General anesthesia is not without risks, especially with increasingly increasing patients, and as sedation or blocks become more popular, invasive core temperature monitoring is unpractical. This highlights the stark question: Is it possible to accurately and reliably ascertain core temperature non-invasively?
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Hebert, Joel J. "A Method for Planning and Performing a Pressure Survey to Achieve Desired Accuracy of Pressure Gradient." In ASME 2002 Engineering Technology Conference on Energy. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/etce2002/prod-29117.
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This paper describes a method for planning a pressure survey (a series of pressure, depth measurements), and for using a pressure survey tool, so that the user can predict in advance the number of pressure tests needed to be performed in a pressure survey such that the resulting pressure gradient will be accurate within a desired standard deviation. It further describes a method and process for performing a pressure survey, including measuring pressure gradient and standard deviation thereof for downhole fluid bearing formations, using information collected from pressure survey apparatus, such that the requisite amount of information is collected to ensure the measurements actually received are within the desired standard deviation. There is a patent pending in the U.S. Patent Office for the technology described herein.
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Tyagi, Pawan, Jiajun Xu, Lara Thompson, et al. "Experience of Multiple Instructors About Student Presentation Based Teaching (SPET) Approach." In ASME 2018 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2018-88410.
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Many college instructors are hesitant to adopt student active teaching approaches. Student activity-based classroom teaching may require a lot of time investment in designing and conducting student activities. Also, student activities during the class period may lead to inadequate coverage of the course content mentioned in the syllabus. Incomplete course coverage and the amount of effort required on the part of an instructor for designing active teaching strategies are cited as the common hindrances in adopting active student teaching. To address these widely recognized inhibiting factors, we recently implemented a new student-active teaching approach. This approach is based on the students’ presentation and hence termed as student presentation based effective teaching (SPET). The SPET approach is designed to address the key components of effective teaching. However, to understand the efficacy of SPET for different instructors we implemented it in five courses offered during the same semester. The Learning Resource Division faculty analyzed the data and interviewed the instructors that implemented SPET. Here we present the response and insights garnered from different instructors. Participating instructors reflected their views about the advantages and challenges associated with the adaptation of SPET.
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Tendo, Mitsutoshi, and Tetsuaki Takeda. "Heat Transfer Characteristics of a Circular Channel Inserted Metallic Wire With High Porosity." In 18th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone18-29421.
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There are several methods for heat transfer enhancement. For example, there are attaching various fins on the heat transfer surface, processing the surface roughly, inserting twisted tape, and so on. These methods increase heat transfer coefficient or area by manufacturing of the heat transfer surface. However, it has to take into consideration the deterioration of the structure strength by attaching the fins on the tube surface with the design of the heat exchanger. The objective of this study is to clarify characteristics of heat transfer and pressure drop in the channel inserted metallic wire with high porosity. A heat transfer experiment has been performed using a horizontal circular tube to obtain the heat transfer characteristics in the channel inserted copper wire. This paper describes the heat transfer and flow characteristics of a heat exchanger tube filled with a high porous material. Fine copper wire (diameter: 0.5 mm) was inserted in a circular tube dominated by thermal conduction and forced convection. Working fluid was air. Hydraulic equivalent diameter was cited as the characteristic length in Nusselt number and Reynolds number. From the results obtained in this experiment, it was found that an amount of heat transfer in the tube with the copper wire was larger than that without one. An effectiveness of heat transfer enhancement increased with the temperature of the heated wall. The amount of heat transfer in the circular tube inserted copper wire, which has 0.993–0.998 of porosity, increased about 15% comparing with the tube having a smooth wall surface under the condition of the constant heat flux and lower than 170°C of the wall temperature.
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Song, Chaoyang, Jianxi Luo, Katja Hölttä-Otto, Kevin Otto, and Warren Seering. "The Design of Crowd-Funded Products." In ASME 2015 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2015-46917.
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Crowdfunding is an emerging phenomenon where entrepreneurs publicize their product concepts to raise development funding and collect design feedback directly from potential supporters. Many innovative products have raised a significant amount of crowdfunding. This paper analyzes the crowd-funded products to develop design guidelines for crowdfunding success. A database of 127 samples is collected in two different product categories from two different crowdfunding websites. They are evaluated using a design project assessment scorecard, the Real-Win-Worth framework, which focuses on the state of maturity on various customer, technical and supply chain dimensions. Our analysis identified key RWW factors that characterize successful design for crowd-funded products. For example, success at crowdfunding is attained through clear explanation of how the design operates technically and meets customer needs. Another recommendation is to not emphasize patent protection, for which crowd-funders are less concerned. Also, evidence of a strong startup financial plan is not necessary for crowdfunding success. These key RWW factors provide guidelines for designers and engineers to improve their design and validate their concepts early to improve their chances for success on crowdfunding platforms.
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Xu, Jiajun. "Implementation of Student Presentation-Based Active Learning (SPAL) Approach in Undergraduate Engineering Curriculum." In ASME 2017 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2017-70478.
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Active learning approaches require a lot of time investment in student activities and engagement during the class period, which often leads to incomplete coverage of the course syllabus. Furthermore, it requires significant amount of time for the instructor to design and implement active learning strategies. All these shortcomings are often cited as the common hindrance in adopting student active learning. To address these widely recognized inhibiting factors, we recently implemented a new student active learning approach. This approach is based on the students’ presentation and hence termed as student presentation-based active learning (SPAL). Under this approach, students are given a reading assignment to prepare a PowerPoint presentation on well-defined conceptual topics, questions, or chapter modules. Reading assignments on a topic are administered 1–2 weeks before covering them in the class. This allows reasonable time for the self-comprehension of the suggested material for presentation preparation. Students were expected to rehearse the presentation and be prepared to complete it in the suggested time duration. During each lecture, one group of student would present the assigned topic to the class, and their presentations were graded according to the rubric focusing on the coverage of suggested topics, quality of presentation, and after presentation discussions. Peers and instructor provided feedback about the students’ presentation and unclear concepts. To understand the efficacy of this approach, this approach was implemented in Mechanical Engineering Senior Capstone Project I course in Fall 2016. Here the responses and insights garnered from this practice were presented, and discussion on the advantages and challenges associated with the adaptation of this approach in teaching engineering courses as compared to lecture based classroom education system. This paper can provide useful insights for instructors considering this approach or similar student active teaching approach in their courses.
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Alkmin Freire, Ronaldo Lucas, and João Roberto Barbosa. "Development and Validation of a Methodology for Stationary Gas Turbine Performance Prognostic." In ASME Turbo Expo 2013: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2013-95916.
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The gas turbines have been under intense technological development during the past decades. Among the factors that motivate manufacturers to develop differentiated products, it can be cited the rising fossil fuels prices, environmental legislation and increasingly restrictive competition with other alternatives to generate power. Even in the current scenario of global economic crisis, manufacturers and users expect an increase in the number of gas turbines in operation. In offshore oil & gas exploration, the thermal efficiency of gas turbines has been traditionally at the background compared to the operational continuity. However, nowadays many operators are investing in subsea pipelines to export the associated gas produced in the platforms. In this scenario, the gas, which has been traditionally burned at the flare system, now represents a commercial product. Performance monitoring of gas turbines for diagnostic of failures has been developed by researchers over the last decades. There are several diagnostic methodologies currently available in the open literature; however, the amount of publications demonstrating successful application in real cases is still reduced. Regarding the application of performance monitoring for prognostic of failures, the scenario is even more premature. Despite of that, both diagnostic and prognostic techniques are seen as very promising from the user point-of-view. This paper proposes a methodology for performance prognostic based on parameters effectively measured by typical instruments of commercial units. The method makes use of the performance modeling easily found in the literature. The performance parameters measured and also calculated are then corrected to a reference condition in order to eliminate the effects of the variable ambient condition. Future performance parameters are then extrapolated. The methodology was validated through real data of a gas turbine operating in an oil platform. The results showed that the method produces useful information to support the operation and maintenance teams.
Reports on the topic "The amount of patent cited"
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Lumpkin, Shamsie, Isaac Parrish, Austin Terrell, and Dwayne Accardo. Pain Control: Opioid vs. Nonopioid Analgesia During the Immediate Postoperative Period. University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21007/con.dnp.2021.0008.
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Background Opioid analgesia has become the mainstay for acute pain management in the postoperative setting. However, the use of opioid medications comes with significant risks and side effects. Due to increasing numbers of prescriptions to those with chronic pain, opioid medications have become more expensive while becoming less effective due to the buildup of patient tolerance. The idea of opioid-free analgesic techniques has rarely been breached in many hospitals. Emerging research has shown that opioid-sparing approaches have resulted in lower reported pain scores across the board, as well as significant cost reductions to hospitals and insurance agencies. In addition to providing adequate pain relief, the predicted cost burden of an opioid-free or opioid-sparing approach is significantly less than traditional methods. Methods The following groups were considered in our inclusion criteria: those who speak the English language, all races and ethnicities, male or female, home medications, those who are at least 18 years of age and able to provide written informed consent, those undergoing inpatient or same-day surgical procedures. In addition, our scoping review includes the following exclusion criteria: those who are non-English speaking, those who are less than 18 years of age, those who are not undergoing surgical procedures while admitted, those who are unable to provide numeric pain score due to clinical status, those who are unable to provide written informed consent, and those who decline participation in the study. Data was extracted by one reviewer and verified by the remaining two group members. Extraction was divided as equally as possible among the 11 listed references. Discrepancies in data extraction were discussed between the article reviewer, project editor, and group leader. Results We identified nine primary sources addressing the use of ketamine as an alternative to opioid analgesia and post-operative pain control. Our findings indicate a positive correlation between perioperative ketamine administration and postoperative pain control. While this information provides insight on opioid-free analgesia, it also revealed the limited amount of research conducted in this area of practice. The strategies for several of the clinical trials limited ketamine administration to a small niche of patients. The included studies provided evidence for lower pain scores, reductions in opioid consumption, and better patient outcomes. Implications for Nursing Practice Based on the results of the studies’ randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses, the effects of ketamine are shown as an adequate analgesic alternative to opioids postoperatively. The cited resources showed that ketamine can be used as a sole agent, or combined effectively with reduced doses of opioids for multimodal therapy. There were noted limitations in some of the research articles. Not all of the cited studies were able to include definitive evidence of proper blinding techniques or randomization methods. Small sample sizes and the inclusion of specific patient populations identified within several of the studies can skew data in one direction or another; therefore, significant clinical results cannot be generalized to patient populations across the board.