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Newton, Steven Timothy. "Sustainable development for Canada's Arctic and sub-Arctic communities, a case study of Churchill, Manitoba." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0023/MQ51776.pdf.
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Johansen, April Doris. "Marker assisted selection for Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) broodstock development /." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ54899.pdf.
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Nuttall, Mark. "Arctic homeland : kinship, community and development in Northwest Greeland /." Toronto : University of Toronto press, 1992. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb374792366.
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Trujillo, Michael Gregory Morgan. "Arctic Security: the Race for the Arctic through the Prism of International Relations Theory." PDXScholar, 2019. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4823.
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The purpose of the thesis is to examine future international relations in the Arctic as a theoretical exercise based on realism and liberalism. As the ice cap shrinks, and the region's environment changes, developing costs will decrease allowing for resource-extraction while new transit routes emerge. The opportunities to develop resources and ship via the Arctic are economic and strategically valuable, altering the geopolitics of the region. This thesis seeks to explore how resource development and new transit routes will affect regional politics through the lens of two theories. The two theoretical approaches will examine states and actors' interests and possible actions. Concluding, that realism will best describe the Arctic as states strive to be the regional hegemon by controlling transit routes and resources or defending the regional status quo, creating tension and a security competition between the U.S., China, and Russia. States will jockey for position within institutions before the ice cap disappears and transit routes emerge. These states seek to grow regional governance in their favor, providing support for a liberal framework, and possibly creating a structure strong enough to reduce tension before states strive to be the Arctic hegemon.
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Reistad, Hege Helene. "Norway’s Arctic conundrum: Sustainable Development in the Norwegian media discourse." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-305840.
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This thesis concludes that the discourse surrounding the Arctic in the Norwegian press has a prevailing focus on resource extraction and resource demands, and that the term “sustainable development” is rarely being employed. At the same time, there is an increase in the amount of times the topics climate change and environment are discussed in the same articles that discuss oil, gas and resource extraction. This indicates that in the post-petroleum and “green shift” era that Norway has entered, these discourses now demand a joint discussion, rather than two separate discourses and topics. Looking at how Norway might act in the Arctic in the future, this can indicate that these focus areas will lay the foundation for possible action in the region as well. The background of the study was to obtain an understanding of how Norway deals with its conundrum of contradictory roles as an advocate for sustainable development and as an oil and gas producer. This was done through an investigation of how the Arctic, and especially sustainable development in the Arctic, is framed in the Norwegian press. By looking at the media discourse surrounding the topic, it is possible to get an understanding of how the region is framed in Norway, and subsequently how Norway as an Arctic actor will act in the future. Social constructionism, critical discourse analysis, mediatisation and framing theory make up the theoretical underpinnings of the thesis, and content analysis with a sequential process of three steps is employed to analyse the material from a bird’s-eye view to a very specific analysis.
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Rabinowitz, Samuel D. "Three scenarios for US energy policy in the Arctic Region." Diss., Connect to the thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10066/3657.
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Dugan, Hilary Anne Bawden. "Long-term development and recent dynamics of High Arctic coastal basins." Kingston, Ont. : [s.n.], 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1974/5687.
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Grasic, Samo. "Development and Deployment of Delay Tolerant Networks: An Arctic Village Case." Doctoral thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Arbetsvetenskap, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-16919.
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In the late 1990s, NASA conducted a study of the Interplanetary Internet (IPN) architecture. In order to build and deploy IPN infrastructure, the network technology had to be able to cope with long radio signal propagation delays and frequent radio link disruptions. The concept of a Delay Tolerant Networking (DTN) emerged after recognizing that such a networking paradigm can also be applicable for terrestrial use. DTN technology can be applied, for instance, in disaster situations, military battlefields, economically developing areas, and remote regions.This thesis follows the process of applying DTN technology to a remote, communication-challenged area in the Arctic part of Sweden. The aim of the DTN deployments in the remote villages of Sarek and Padjelanta National Parks, between 2008 and 2011, was to provide a basic set of ICT services to the nomadic Sami population. Therefore, the research presented here acknowledges and considers the specific geographical, technical, and cultural conditions of these areas, and how these conditions profoundly shaped the development of the deployed technology as well as the research methodology. As a result, this thesis makes scientific contributions to several research topics, spanning the fields of DTN routing, DTN service development, DTN evaluation methodologies, and ICT deployments.The first contribution in this thesis is the proposal of a new and improved version of the PRoPHETv2 routing protocol. The development of this routing protocol was driven by actual protocol use and the results of experiments conducted during the course of the DTN deployments.Secondly, this thesis proposes an alternative DTN routing objective for a typical remote village DTN scenario. Weaknesses of a conventional DTN routing research objective are exposed by outlining concrete geographical, social, and technical conditions discovered in DTN deployments on the field. When these conditions are overlooked, they can profoundly affect DTN deployments.Thirdly, this thesis discusses the development and deployment of the Not-So-Instant-Messaging (NSIM) DTN service. The NSIM service was designed to leverage from the decentralized DTN infrastructure. Its success in the field demonstrates the importance of localized DTN services. Fourthly, using qualitative reading of DTN routing related papers, this thesis describes shortcomings of established DTN routing evaluation methodologies. Extensive use of simulated environments and scarce real-world experiments in the DTN research field often leads to usage of specific hypothetical scenarios. These scenarios are difficult to compare or relate to each other. Additionally, DTN research that does contextualize itself in remote, extreme, and challenging scenarios performs evaluations of proposed routing schemes in urban or academic environments. The DTN evaluation model that is proposed here tries to improve the readability, comparability, and validity of DTN routing evaluations. This thesis also pays attention to the issue of how to evaluate the complex interplay that occurs between researchers, users, technology and environment throughout the deployment process. The suggested method highlights the dynamics of resistance, as conceptualized within Actor Network Theory (ANT). It illustrates how employment of the concept of resistance facilitates the recognition of different driving forces in the design process that emerge from the events in the deployment.Ultimately, the thesis contributes with the PRoPHET routing protocol specification in the "Request for Comments" (RFC) document series that is the official publication channel for the Internet Research Task Force (IRTF) and other Internet communities. The protocol specification published as the RFC6693 document allows for actual protocol implementation and assures interoperability. The discussion that follows the RFC document in this thesis focuses on the process of transferring scientific findings gained from the experiments on the deployment field into the Internet draft document that was finally recognized as an experimental RFC within the IRTF.<br>Godkänd; 2014; 20140407 (samo); Nedanstående person kommer att disputera för avläggande av teknologie doktorsexamen. Namn: Samo Grasic Ämne: Arbetsvetenskap/Human Work Science Avhandling: Development and Deployment of Delay Tolerant Networks: An Arctic Village Case Opponent: Professor Lars Wolf, Institut für Betriebssysteme und Rechneverbund, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Tyskland Ordförande: Docent Maria Udén, Avd för arbetsvetenskap, Institutionen för ekonomi, teknik och samhälle, Luleå tekniska universitet Tid: Måndag den 12 maj 2014, kl 10.00 Plats: A109, Luleå tekniska universitet För Tekniska fakultetsnämnden<br>Networking for Communications Challenged Communities: Architecture, Test Beds and Innovative Alliances
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Blacker, Joshua John. "Chemical weathering processes leading to soil development in Arctic glacial forefields." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2018. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/20696/.
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Few Arctic forefields have been studied previously for their role in soil formation and in the carbon cycle. Yet, despite their prevailing polar climate, their soils may develop quickly and be extensive. Rock water residence times are prolonged in glacial tills that contain a rock flour component with high surface area and reactive that amasses in the forefields of glaciers as they retreat. Rapid sulfide oxidation and carbonate dissolution could be a potential CO2 source to the atmosphere, while silicate-weathering and soil organic carbon accumulation a CO2 sink. The extent of these sink-source reactions, and the soil forming processes that affect these, were tested over a century of Arctic forefield soil formation. In young, subglacial till-based moraine soils, the rapid depletion of accessory sulfide and carbonates minerals in the initial, and up to about 60-years of exposure, reflected widespread sulfide oxidation and carbonate dissolution. Defining young forefield soils as a potential transient CO2 source to the atmosphere, since potential CO2 sinks, namely calcium silicate mineral weathering and soil organic carbon accumulation were retarded, and limited to the older moraine soils. The slow onset of biological evolution in Arctic forefields and proton consumption by carbonates, present in the forefield lithologies, are suggested as the principal reasons for the limited silicate weathering and in turn soil formation. The results from this thesis may have new implications for the carbon cycle. Given glacial–interglacial cycles that have waxed and waned throughout Earth history, and carbonate and sulfide minerals are common in most lithologies made up of low to medium grade metamorphic and metasedimentary rocks. However, higher resolution temporal (diurnal to seasonal) and spatial field studies are needed in-order to more confidentially up-scale these findings beyond a glacier catchment scale.
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Anderson, Malcolm J. (Malcolm John) Carleton University Dissertation Geography. "Tourism development in the Baffin region; an examination of tourism development in Canada's eastern Arctic." Ottawa, 1986.
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Tumblin, Elizabeth J. "Literacy development through knowledge building technology in Canada's Eastern Arctic, educators' perspectives." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/MQ62354.pdf.
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Morgunova, Maria. "Arctic Offshore Hydrocarbon Resource Development : Past, Present and Vision of the Future." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Industriell ekonomi och organisation (Inst.), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-163295.
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Energy issues have always been on the global economics and geopolitics agenda, even though energy sources have been changing over time. In recent years, the awareness of Arctic offshore oil and natural gas development has escalated, yielding economic opportunities and incurring risks. The offshore Arctic is one of ‘edges’ of the global petroleum industry. The importance of these oil and natural gas resources extends beyond regional and national boarders and local economies, as these activities have become a key geopolitical, economic, and social concern. In an attempt to shed light on this growing issue, this thesis outlines the Arctic is a link in the global energy system and shows how it plays a special role. The aim of this research is to provide deeper insight into offshore hydrocarbon development activities in the Arctic. Historical approach is applied as a main conceptual framework to provide a critical link of past to the present in order to explore the origin and intensity of these activities in the Arctic. This licentiate thesis presents the results of an ongoing doctoral research project. The study provides several insights into Arctic offshore oil and natural gas resources development in the global context via an analysis of the relevant investments and technology from a country-by-country and historical perspective in the maximum period time frame between 1920 and 2025. The two papers included in this thesis explore the impact of investment and technology. This research project illustrates the importance of several factors influencing the Arctic offshore oil and natural gas production and highlights the most promising areas for cooperation at the industrial and global level. The implications of the study results can be useful for identifying and emphasizing the factors that influence offshore Arctic hydrocarbon resource development and investment trends, as well as making assumptions regarding future development. Topics for further research are discussed and refined relating to the ongoing study and the conceptual framework presented.<br><p>QC 20150407</p>
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Strangeways, I. C. "The development of an automatic weather station for use in arctic conditions." Thesis, University of Reading, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.371441.
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Olsson, Sofia. "Drones in Arctic Environments: Development of Automatic Water Sampler for Aerial Drones." Thesis, KTH, Maskinkonstruktion (Inst.), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-236506.
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The purpose of the thesis is to develop a water samplingsolution to use with an aerial drone for remote water sampling and to investigate the feasibility of the system. The actuating hypothesis is that using a drone for this application will have many benefits over the manual methods, for example to reach inhospitable areas, improve data gathering and offer a safer work situation for the researchers. The research method has been empirical and exploring, by rapidly develop prototypes based on a pre-study, test the full test system and draw conclusions regarding the feasibility of the application based on the tests. Through the pre-study of the current water sampling process through interviews and a survey, a general user case was created. It was studied with a mechatronic perspective to understand how the current water sampling process could be adjusted to function remotely with a drone. The main focuses when developing the water sampler was to design a product independent from the drone with full automatic function, and to maximize its water volume capacity while minimizing the weight of the sampler to manage the drones barload constraints of 1 kg. Through workshop activities and methods from TRIZ theory, several concepts were evaluated. The main idea was to integrate the laboratory bottle with the water sampler. Two physical prototypes were designed to test the function of the concepts and evaluate them against the Ruttner sampler. The first prototype, the Wheel, has a simple design, is lightweight and mechanic while the second prototype, the Combination, is more complex, heavier and uses a mechatronic system. The prototypes were evaluated through functional tests to investigate its design and suitability to be used with a drone for water sampling. The behavior of the full test system, consisting of the Wheel sampler and a drone, was observed and analyzed through drone data when gathering water samples. The thesis demonstrates through field tests that the system, consisting of drone and developed water sampler, succeeds in gathering water samples remotely. Through tests of the water samplers, the thesis also shows the benefits and disadvantages of their proposed design for water sampling.
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Collins, David A. "Development of a low frequency ambient noise storm model for the Arctic Ocean." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1996. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA325452.
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Thesis (M.S. in Physical Oceanography) Naval Postgraduate School, December 1996.<br>Thesis advisor(s): Robert H. Bourke, James H. Wilson. "December 1996." Includes bibliographical references (p. 131-132). Also available online.
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Cassano, John J., Alice DuVivier, Andrew Roberts, et al. "Development of the Regional Arctic System Model (RASM): Near-Surface Atmospheric Climate Sensitivity." AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625161.
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The near-surface climate, including the atmosphere, ocean, sea ice, and land state and fluxes, in the initial version of the Regional Arctic System Model (RASM) are presented. The sensitivity of the RASM near-surface climate to changes in atmosphere, ocean, and sea ice parameters and physics is evaluated in four simulations. The near-surface atmospheric circulation is well simulated in all four RASM simulations but biases in surface temperature are caused by biases in downward surface radiative fluxes. Errors in radiative fluxes are due to biases in simulated clouds with different versions of RASM simulating either too much or too little cloud radiative impact over open ocean regions and all versions simulating too little cloud radiative impact over land areas. Cold surface temperature biases in the central Arctic in winter are likely due to too few or too radiatively thin clouds. The precipitation simulated by RASM is sensitive to changes in evaporation that were linked to sea surface temperature biases. Future work will explore changes in model microphysics aimed at minimizing the cloud and radiation biases identified in this work.
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Turner, Emily Elizabeth. "Mission infrastructure development in the Canadian North, c. 1850-1920." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/31498.
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This thesis explores the development of missionary infrastructure in the Canadian north between approximately 1850 and 1915 and its impact on the evangelization of northern indigenous people by missionary organizations. Focussing on two groups of missionaries - the Catholic Oblates of Mary Immaculate and the Anglican Church Missionary Society - this thesis demonstrates how missionaries used buildings to develop a programme for evangelization based on the convert and civilize model prevalent in nineteenth-century global missions. It argues that the intent was to convert indigenous people to Christianity and to enact significant changes on their traditional way of life, including their economy and social structure. Within this programme, architectural spaces, specifically the mission station, were used as a frontier location where indigenous people and missionaries interacted, providing a location for missionary teaching, a didactic place to demonstrate how Christians lived, and a method of transforming what was viewed as a non-Christian wilderness into a Christian 'garden' through construction of buildings and control of the natural world. While these ideas were applied to diverse locations throughout the global mission field in the early modern period of missionary activity, the Canadian north presents a unique area of study for this topic because of the relative lack of pre-existing non-indigenous development in the region, the difficulties in building resulting from its environment, and the romantic approach that missionaries took to it as the frontier of European and Christian activity - in biblical terms, the 'uttermost ends of the earth'. Within this context, the use of architecture as part of a missionary programme of conversion and civilization became extremely important as a tool for the transformation of the land and its people to a Christian ideal rooted in European precedent. This proved problematic because of the inherent difficulties in evangelization in this geographic region. As a result, this thesis demonstrates how missionaries applied architecture within the mission station as a tool for evangelization in this region, taking into consideration both the way in which they perceived the territory and the realities they faced on the ground. It reveals how these missionaries created a unique set of architectures that responded to how missionaries understood building function within the missionary environment, as well as what was actually achievable in the northern mission field.
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Ash, John Stewart. "The management of anthropogenic environmental risk associated with oil development in the Arctic littoral." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2007. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/268040.
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This research addresses the area of decision-making concerned with the management of environmental risk in the Arctic. Specifically, it explores the knowledge gap in the application of cognitive and management techniques for reducing or eliminating anthropogenic environmental risk associated with oil development in the Arctic littoral. Considerable attention has been given m the literature to methods for the management of environmental risk arising from industrial and commercial processes. There is also a substantial corpus of study devoted to the description of the Arctic biome, its biota and ecology, as well as to technologies for the construction of industrial facilities and the extraction of liquid oil. However, the boreal environment has unique properties and to date there has been insufficient consideration of the specific issues that arise when environmental risk has to be managed for an Arctic industrial development; in particular, whether there is anything qualitatively different with regard to the practice ofrisk management in the Arctic as contrasted with its application in other biomes. The medium chosen for this research was a case study of roadless oil development on the North Slope area of Alaska. Roadless oil developments, that is, development pads that are not linked to the national infrastructure by gravel roads, are a comparatively recent innovation. Their principal environmental benefit is that such construction does not add to the increasing network of gravel fill on a tundra wetland that is easily marked by vehicles and civil engineering activity; and once marked, bears persistent evidence of that disturbance. However, in choosing to adopt alternative logistics approaches to tundra development, choices must be made regarding the tolerability and mitigation of other risks, including methods of undertaking response to emergencies including loss of well control incidents at remote and roadless sites. The method for making the many choices that condition the environmental risk resulting from such developments is the system of enviromnental assessment and permitting current in the United States. To study this problem, the researcher collected a broad range of primary data during fieldwork in Alaska. The core of this information was a set of semi-structured interviews with persons either involved in the permitting system for Arctic oil developments, or likely to be affected in some respect by their outcomes. These data were subjected to a primarily qualitative analysis to develop a grounded theory of the decision process. The findings are somewhat counterintuitive. Despite a developed approach to environmental risk assessment and management enshrined in the system of statutory controls, there remain significant shortfalls in decision quality as perceived by those involved or potentially affected by it. The system in practice is not the site specific, linear legal process of decision-making that might be discovered in statutory instruments and official reports. Rather, it is better described as a dynamic network composed of many actors from a variety of nominal stakeholder groups. This network has an ad hoe structure based on a triad of basic roles, with some actors fulfilling more than one role as circumstances dictate. Its deliberations are iterative, complex, and only semi-discrete as previous decision outcomes influence later ones. Of all the issues that affect the process and its outcomes, it is the influence of time that is discovered to be most likely to differentiate environmental risk management decision-making in the Arctic from such choices in other biomes. Building on the discoveries made in the case study, a proposal is made for a method of rendering environmental risk management decisions in a more efficient fashion, whilst simultaneously preserving distributive justice and_ without recourse to legislative change.
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Moossen, Heiko Michael. "Palaeoclimate reconstructions from Arctic and Nordic Shelf seas : development and application of multiple proxies." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2012. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/3491/.
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Although Holocene climate changes are significantly smaller in amplitude than the Pleistocene Glacial-Interglacial cycles (Dansgaard et al., 1993), they have affected human civilisations over at least the last 4000 years (Buntgen et al., 2011; Lamb, 1995; Mayewski & White, 2002). The study of Holocene climate variations is increasingly important to disentangle climate change caused by anthropogenic influences from natural climate change. Furthermore, Holocene climate change provides the geological context in which to place contemporary climatic observations. Studying sedimentary records stemming from marine biotopes located close to land, such as fjords, affords the opportunity to study marine and terrestrial paleo-climatic variability, and therein linking the two together. Additionally, fjordic environments typically have a higher sediment accumulation rate than deeper ocean sites, facilitating resolution of rapid climate change events. The fjords of Northwest Iceland are ideal for studying Holocene climate change as they receive warm water from the Irminger current, an end member of the Atlantic current, but are also influenced by the east Greenland current, which brings cold polar waters to the region (Jennings et al., 2011). Furthermore, the coring site is located beneath one of the dipoles of the North Atlantic Oscillation (Hurrell, 1995). Therefore, oceanic and atmospheric Holocene variability should be recorded in the sediments studied. Alkenones, terrestrial leaf wax n-alkanes, branched and archaeal glycerol tetraethers and C/N ratios from a sediment core from the mouth of the Ísafjarðardjúp fjord (MD99-2266; location: 66° 13' 77'' N, 23° 15' 93'' W; 106 m water depth) were analysed. These terrestrial and marine biomarkers were used to produce biomarker based palaeoclimatic records with the highest resolution to date (one sample every ~ 32 years), covering the Holocene from ~ 10,700 calibrated years before present (cal. a BP) to ~ 300 cal. a BP. The terrestrial and marine organic carbon contributions to the sediment and the palaeoproductivity of the fjord vary throughout the Holocene forced by changing climate. While the amount of terrestrial organic carbon is primarily controlled by the development of vegetation as glaciers retreat, the primary productivity is controlled by varying influxes of nutrient rich water masses. By combining the reconstructed sea surface temperature, air temperature and precipitation records, climatic changes that affect the terrestrial and marine realm are uncovered. Two periods in the Holocene where major climatic shifts in the North Atlantic region occur, one at ~ 7700 cal. a BP, and one at ~ 2900 cal. a BP, are observed. Meltwater events and decreasing summer insolation drive climatic change throughout the early Holocene. The middle Holocene climate, from 7700 to 2900 cal. a BP is driven by decreasing summer insolation, and meridional overturning circulation. The climate variability is decoupled from insolation change in the late Holocene, and the sea surface temperature and air temperature, and precipitation changes are driven by NAO-type fluctuations and variations in the heat transport via the meridional overturning circulation. The TEX86 palaeo-SST thermometer does not work in Ísafjarðardjúp fjord. The TEX86-SSTs are adversely affected by GDGTs associated with archaea mediating anaerobic oxidation of methane, as indicated by the methane index. Methane indices as low as 0.1 indicate anaerobic oxidation of methane at the site studied. The palaeo-sea-ice proxy IP25 was not detected in the sediments of MD99-2266 even though the northwest Icelandic coast has been affected by drift ice, particularly in the late Holocene. Therefore, the use of carbon isotopic signatures from sedimentary fatty acids, derived from ice and pelagic algae was investigated as a sea-ice proxy. Ice algae, ice core, water column particulate organic matter and sediment samples were collected on the ICE CHASER 2010 research cruise. The carbon isotopic signature of the ice algal C16 fatty acid is significantly heavier than that of the pelagic derived organic matter. Furthermore, the carbon isotopic signature of the fatty acid in the samples from the sediment core located at the ice edge is isotopically heavier, compared to the fatty acid isotopic signature from the sediment core from a pelagic site. It appears that the isotopic signature of algal fatty acids can be used to elucidate sea-ice cover, however, more research is needed.
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Everett, Lynn Robertson. "The Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR): current and future concerns: varied perspectives on development." The Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1406727021.
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Rowley, S. D. M. "The significance of migration for the understanding of Inuit cultural development in the Canadian Arctic." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1985. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/272928.
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Davies, William Thomas Ronald. "Making sense of complex socio-ecological issues : a frame-analysis of Arctic natural resource development." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2018. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/20662/.
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Environmental and natural resource issues are often framed in multiple ways by multiple stakeholders. This is especially the case in relation to Arctic natural resource development: a complex issue bearing the hallmarks of modern sustainability challenges. With the increasing attention placed towards the Arctic’s natural resources comes a growing number of diverse voices, producing a discursive environment fertile for frame-conflicts and susceptible to misunderstanding, confusion and conflation. For many, the central challenge in tackling socio-ecological problems deriving from these complex issues centres on conflicting frames: from how problems are initially defined to what are appropriate solutions, these issues are social and political constructs and arenas for deep disagreement. As such, if policy efforts to meet the sustainability challenges associated with Arctic natural resources are to be successful, an understanding of frames proves essential. This thesis contributes towards this important research area by undertaking a frame-analysis of contemporary Arctic natural resource development. This thesis consists of three empirical strands. The first examines media-frames in international news media coverage surrounding natural resources in an Arctic context. Using Greenland as a case-study, it illustrates a media portrayal of a close-knit relationship between a warming climate and natural resource development. The second strand uses Q-Methodology to explore frame-conflicts within a group of Arctic stakeholders around the issue of Arctic offshore petroleum, finding significant divergence across framings, with some bridges of consensus evident that could potentially facilitate collaborative policymaking. The third strand examines the role of scale-frames within the discussion around Arctic offshore petroleum, identifying several scale-challenges often related to the Arctic’s nebulous relationship with scale. Themes emerging across these three strands point to a need for alternative conceptual approaches to space that capture the inter-relational complexity behind Arctic natural resource development. Relational geographies and assemblage-thinking are presented as useful conceptual lens in which to engage with this complexity. This thesis argues that despite its inherent complexity, an understanding of the various ways Arctic natural resources are framed can offer guidance for policymakers such as highlighting the risks of dominant tropes, the existence of potential bridges and the need for more refined terminology when necessary. In doing so, this thesis highlights the utility of mixed-methods frame analysis as a heuristic tool to better understand complex socio-ecological issues.
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Melin, Jesper, and Daniel Boström. "Applying AUTOSAR in Practice : Available Development Tools and Migration Paths." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-12155.
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With the increased use of Electronic Control Units (ECUs) in the automotive industry, the system creation and integration becomes progressively more complex. In order to manage this issue, the AUTomotive Open System Architecture (AUTOSAR) was initiated by several of the larger automotive companies and suppliers. Their goal was to create an architecture which will increase the reusability of software, integration of solutions from multiple suppliers and improve scalability. This thesis is made in collaboration with the company CrossControl and covers questions which are specific to their interests, features the AUTOSAR standard has to offer, evaluation of the use of development tools from different vendors, how migration is supported and how the standard affects the required hardware. Among our conclusions is that the AUTOSAR goals of decoupling software application components from the hardware is met to a high degree. Secondly even though file formats are standardized it is not a seamless integration between development tools. Finally, the choice of hardware is not only affected by properties of the standard, but the current versions of tools also limit the choices.
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Lev, Aimee. "Spatial variation of soil development in a high arctic soil-landscape, Truelove Lowland, Devon Island, N.W.T." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq21046.pdf.
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Wilhelm, Roland. "Microbial biodiversity of high Arctic wetland cryosolic soils and development of phylogenetic microarrays for polar applications." Thesis, McGill University, 2009. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=67044.
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This thesis consisted of two studies: the microbial biodiversity of Arctic wetland cryosol and the testing of two phylogenetic microarrays using environmental samples from the Canadian high Arctic. The first involved culture-independent and dependent analyses which assessed the diversity and structure of cryosol microorganisms. Active layer communities were distinct from permafrost communities in DGGE profiles, 16S rRNA gene clone libraries for Bacteria and Archaea and total cell enumerations and viable cell counts. Findings suggest novel aspects of Arctic wetland permafrost soil compared to previously studies. Comparisons to other Arctic permafrost and more temperate wetland 16S rRNA gene clones demonstrated the existence of common features of cold-adapted communities and Arctic wetlands. The second study was to compare characterizations from two phylogenetic microarrays (PGMAs) against 6 previously constructed clone libraries from high Arctic sites. A general environmental PGMA (GE.10) and a PGMA specifically for cyro-environments (Cryo-PGMA) were tested. The combined data, or "dual-PGMA", had moderate coverage of the taxa identified in clone libraries (51%) and detected corresponding genera at a relatively low rate (26%). The dual-PGMA demonstrated capability of reproducing broad phylogenetic community structures identified in clone libraries and contributed additional taxonomic detail not found there. The dual-PGMA had comparable sensitivity to other PGMA platforms and detected taxa occupying 0.6% of the total clone library. Principle coordinate analysis grouped communities from similar geographical and physical environments. The dual-PGMA demonstrated a capacity for profiling patterned differences in microbial communities while providing general approximations of taxonomic structure.<br>Cette thèse comprenait deux études : la biodiversité de cryosols arctiques humides et l'examen de deux biopuces à ADN phylogénétiques en utilisant des échantillons environnementaux du grand arctique canadien. La première partie impliquait des analyses dépendantes et indépendantes des conditions de culture pour évaluer la diversité et la structure des communautés microbiennes. Les communautés des couches actives étaient clairement distinctes des communautés du pergélisol dans les profils DGGE, les librairies de clones 16S pour Bactéries et Archaea de même que les énumérations du nombre total de cellules et du nombre de cellules viables. Les résultats ont indiqué de nouveaux aspects des cryosols arctiques humides comparés aux études précédentes de pergélisol. Comparaisons à d'autres pergélisols arctiques et des sols humides tempérés dans les études des clones 16S rDNA démontrent des caractéristiques communes aux communautés adaptes au froid et des sols humides arctiques. La deuxième partie impliquait la comparaison des caractérisations de deux biopuces phylogénétiques (PGMA) à deux librairies de clones de six sites du grand arctique, construites préalablement. Un environnement général PGMA (GE.10) et un PGMA spécifiquement concu pour des cryo-environnements (cryo-PGMA) ont été évalués. Les données combinées, « dual-PGMA », avaient une couverture modérée des taxons des librairies de clones (51%) et ont détecté les genres correspondants des échantillons à un taux relativement bas (26%). Le « dual-PGMA » a démontré sa capacité de reproduire la structure phylogénétique générale de la communauté identifiée dans les librairies de clones et a contribue des détails taxonomiques non trouvés préalablement. Le « dual-PGMA » avait une sensitivité comparable à d'autres plateformes PGMA et a détecté des taxons regroupant 0.6% du total des lib
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Jelacic, Jessica L. "The Development of an Indigenous Knowledge Participatory GIS for an Iñupiaq Community, North Slope, Alaska." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1276980601.
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Campanaro, Richard. "Socio-ecological coevolution : an ecological analysis of the historical development of international systems in the circumpolar Arctic." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2012. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/566/.
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The goal of this thesis is to analyse the impact of Arctic ecology on the development of international systems in the circumpolar world. It is a goal pursued in two steps: (i) by developing an analytical approach capable of tracing the mutual constitution of international and ecological systems in world history; and (ii) by using the resulting toolkit to establish a baseline understanding of the international systems of the polar basin. Part One adapts the analytical approach pioneered by Barry Buzan and Richard Little to study international systems in world history, adding a contextual axis to their analytical matrix in order to escape the anthropocentric cul-de-sac that has heretofore limited IR’s ability to consider ecology’s role in the constitution of international units, processes, and structures. The resulting approach – defined in terms of SocioEcological Coevolution – describes this relationship in terms of three sources of explanation: coevolutionary process, ecological capacity and biogeographical structure. Part Two uses the toolkit to analyse the past four hundred years of Arctic history, charting the impact of ecological systems on the principles of membership and behaviour that define international systems in circumpolar world. Through discussions of socio-ecological coevolution, ecological capacity and biogeographical structure, the project identifies the Arctic as a region defined by competing sets of Westphalian and imperial principles. The balance between the Arctic’s anarchic states system and its hierarchic imperial systems has its fulcrum on a socio-ecological ecotone – a transitional gradient that divides its neo-European and non-European biomes and marks a shift from Westphalian to imperial social principles. Though designed to answer specific questions about the constitution of international systems in the circumpolar North, Coevolution proves itself to be a promising tool for ecological analysis in IR with potential applicability to regions outside of the Arctic Basin.
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Belseth, Elen. "Eco-physiology of the Arctic kelp Laminaria solidungula : - using divers, Remotely Operated Vehicle and Pulse Amplitude Modulated fluorometry." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for biologi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-16364.
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Shapovalova, Daria. "The effectiveness of the international environmental legal framework in protecting the Arctic environment in light of offshore oil and gas development." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2017. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=236459.
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Fleming, Gordon H. "Development of a large-scale coupled sea-ice model for interannual simulations of ice cover in the Arctic." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/26477.
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Ritsema, Roger. "Community and Economic Development in Arctic Canada (CEDAC) - A Qualitative Study of Resource Development Impacts on Economic and Social Systems in Pond Inlet, Nunavut." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/31751.
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Climate change and global commodity demands have increased access to and feasibility of extracting natural resources in Arctic regions. As a result, Nunavut is now poised to compete on the global market for oil, gas, minerals, and precious metals. The impacts of increasing resource exploration and development activities on nearby communities therefore require study. In particular, new methodologies are needed to explore how adjacent communities can harness the economic potential of resource extraction toward goals of self-sufficiency, sustainability, and cultural continuity while minimizing the associated risks. Using the predominantly Inuit community of Pond Inlet, Nunavut, as a case study, this thesis uses an article format to introduce the Harvard Project on American Indian Economic Development’s ‘nation building’ conceptual framework, as well as a post-colonial theory to explore resource development in the Canadian Arctic context. The nation building framework is a well-established and validated approach to understanding economic development in Indigenous society that has been refined and used in hundreds of case studies over the past three decades. Based on interviews with residents and regional decision-makers, it was found that the community of Pond Inlet currently lacks the self-determination and effective institutions needed to implement local strategies for prosperity due to a number of complex factors, including educational and capacity deficiencies; infrastructure needs; as well as a centralized decision-making structure that poorly matches local culture and serves to alienate residents. As a result, the anticipated resource boom in Arctic Canada is in danger of indirectly repeating the colonial legacy of assimilation, this time justified by contemporary economic reasons, instead of providing the region with an inclusive, balanced economic development approach in line with local ideas for development and cultural continuity.This thesis follows the article format and is organized into four chapters: Chapter 1 is an introductory chapter. Chapter 2 is the first of two articles in the thesis titled: Community and Economic Development in Arctic Canada (CEDAC) – Understanding factors that contribute toward self-determined sustainable community development. Chapter 3 is the second of two articles in the thesis titled: Community and Economic Development in Arctic Canada (CEDAC) –
Mining in Nunavut: A new path to prosperity or re‐paving old paths of colonial rule?
Chapter 4 concludes the thesis.
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Nichols, Theresa. "Development of a ringed seal (Phoca hispida) habitat suitability index for the Canadian High Arctic using synthetic aperture radar." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0014/MQ41752.pdf.
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Couser, Griffith. "The Case for Icebreakers." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-289309.
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This thesis assesses the potential success of the United States’ newly assumed role as chairman of the Arctic Council in light of its own record of development in Alaska, its only Arctic territory. Using primary and secondary qualitative research, perspectives from multiple stakeholders are analyzed to assess the United States’ current capabilities in the Arctic versus its rhetoric and responsibilities. To gauge this more effectively, the theory of problem-solving capacity is used to analyze the United States’ potential capacity in the Arctic Council, while the theory of environmental security is used to analyze the United States’ level of investment and commitment to Alaska. With development in Alaska minimal at best and local communities at risk from environmental impacts, the ideal tool for addressing these deficiencies is identified to be icebreakers operated by the United States Coast Guard. Impediments to acquiring sufficient icebreaking capacity are explored, with the conclusion that if the United States is to take effective action on the Arctic stage, investment in icebreakers and therefore the environment and inhabitants of the Arctic is necessary. Not doing so reveals the USA’s agenda to be empty rhetoric and consequently this lost opportunity for leadership may lead to catastrophic results for the region.
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Lillie, Kate M. "Development and Fitness Consequences of Onshore Behavior Among Polar Bears in the Southern Beaufort Sea Subpopulation." DigitalCommons@USU, 2018. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/7252.
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Polar bears (Ursus maritimus) are experiencing rapid and substantial changes to their environment due to global climate change. Polar bears of the southern Beaufort Sea (SB) have historically spent most of the year on the sea ice. However, recent reports from Alaska indicate that the proportion of the SB subpopulation observed onshore during late summer and early fall has increased considerably. Previous research suggests that the number of polar bears onshore is linked to sea ice conditions and the availability of subsistence-harvested whale carcasses, which are referred to as bone piles. My objectives were to determine the development and fitness consequences for SB polar bears that come onshore. Furthermore, I aimed to reveal the number of polar bears that come onshore and feed at whale carcasses. I used a combination of genetic and behavioral data collected on SB polar bears from 2010-2013 to determine if onshore behavior developed through genetic inheritance, asocial learning, or social learning. I found that onshore behavior was primarily transmitted via mother-offspring social learning. I used hair samples collected at bone piles near Kaktovik, Alaska from 2011-2014 and genetic capture-recapture techniques to estimate the annual number of polar bears that visited the bone piles and rates of apparent site fidelity to the bone pile. I estimated that as many as 146 (SE = 21) SB polar bears visited the bone piles near Kaktovik in 2012. Annual rates of apparent site fidelity to the bone pile for male polar bears ranged from 0.60 (SE = 0.07) to 0.61 (SE = 0.07), and female rates of apparent site fidelity was 0.69 (SE = 0.19). Lastly, I used quantitative fatty acid signature analysis to estimate the proportion of bowhead whale, ringed seal, bearded seal, and beluga whale in the diets of SB polar bears from 2004-2015. I revealed that polar bears achieved higher body condition by coming onshore and feeding at whale carcasses. Overall, my results indicated that SB polar bears are socially learning from their mother to come onshore and that this behavior is linked to increased body condition.
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Grond, Kirsten. "Development and dynamics of gut microbial communities of migratory shorebirds in the Western Hemisphere." Diss., Kansas State University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/35484.
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Doctor of Philosophy<br>Division of Biology<br>Brett K. Sandercock<br>Gastrointestinal microbiota play a vital role in maintaining organismal health, through facilitating nutrient uptake, detoxification and interactions with the immune system. Shorebirds vary widely in life-history characteristics, such as habitat, migration and breeding system, but the dynamics of their gut microbial communities are unknown. In my dissertation, I investigated composition and dynamics of gut microbiota in migratory shorebirds from embryos to 10 day old chicks, and determined environment and host-related factors affecting gut microbial communities of adults. First, I tested whether precocial chicks from three species of arctic-breeding shorebirds acquire gut microbiota before or after hatching using next-generation sequencing. In addition, I documented the dynamics of gut microbial establishment. I showed that gut microbiota were absent in shorebird embryos before hatching, but that stable gut communities established within the first three days after hatching. In addition, gut microbiota of young shorebird chicks were more similar to the environmental microbiome than later in life, suggesting that the environment is a likely source for microbial recruitment. After reaching adulthood, shorebirds migrate long distances, potentially exposing them to a wide range of microorganisms. Host phylogeny and environmental factors have both been identified as drivers of gut microbiota composition in birds in previous studies. The second part of my project aimed to compare the relative importance of host and environmental factors that underlie variation in gut microbiota composition in eight species of migratory shorebirds sampled across the North American Arctic. I found that sampling site was the main driver of variation in gut microbiota of Arctic-breeding shorebirds, and that site-related variation in gut microbiota of shorebirds was a result of differences in core bacterial taxa that occurred in more than half of the analyzed samples. A relatively large influence of local environment on gut microbiota composition of chicks and adults lead to the question: how does site affect pathogen prevalence in shorebirds? Migratory behavior has been hypothesized to have evolved as a response to variation in climatic conditions and food availability, to avoid predation, and to reduce risk of exposure to pathogens. The migratory escape hypothesis predicts avoidance of high disease prevalence areas through migration, and has been proposed as one of the main reasons that many bird species migrate to the Arctic for breeding. To test the migratory escape hypothesis in shorebirds, I screened for prevalence of seven known avian pathogens in shorebirds at different stages of migration. I did not detect the majority of pathogens we tested for, with the exception of Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli. Prevalence of C. jejuni in shorebirds was linked to sampling sites but not shorebird species. My dissertation is the first comprehensive study to broadly characterize the gut microbiota in shorebirds. Overall, local environment emerged as an important factor in shaping microbiota composition in Arctic-breeding shorebirds throughout my dissertation research. The role of local environment in shaping gut microbiota invites future investigations of the interactions among shorebirds and the microorganisms present in their environment, as well as the functions gut microbiota perform within their shorebird hosts.
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de, Freitas Tim A. "Stratigraphy, mud buildups, and carbonate platform development of the Upper Ordovician to Lower Devonian sequence, Ellesmere, Hans, and Devon Islands, Arctic Canada." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/7937.
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The Upper Ordovician to Lower Devonian platform in the Canadian Arctic twice evolved from a ramp to a rimmed shelf profile. Platform backstepping occurred in the fastigatus, acuminatus, cyphus?, sakmaricus (in North Greenland only) and linearis graptolite zones. Two major phases of pinnacle reef development followed platform backstepping, the first beginning in the lower Llandovery (cyphus Zone) and the second in the Ludlow (linearis Zone). Pinnacles of the first phase are uncommon, occur in the vicinity of Baumann Fiord, and show a vertical succession of lime mudstone, poorly exposed microbial carbonate, and coralgal biolithite, representing upward shallowing. The last named lithofacies is newly interpreted as representing a high-energy, wave-stressed environment that excluded stromatoporoid growth but favoured a sparse skeletal metazoan fauna, thickly encrusted by microbes. Paleo-surface area of these structures was apparently important for the accumulation of extensive ooids, which are associated with the upper parts of some pinnacle reefs. Three large mud buildups on central Ellesmere Island were established on the shelf margin subsequent to Upper Ordovician (fastigatus Zone) platform drowning. These structures show a vertical lithofacies succession: bioturbated lime mudstone is overlain by microbial carbonate then by mudstone-rich stromatoporoid floatstone and bindstone. The succession records overall upward shallowing. The olive green shale unit, well exposed in the vicinity of Trold Fiord, is an areally extensive and mappable middle Ludlow unit of the Cape Phillips Formation that postdates diachronous, middle Ludlow platform backstepping in the vicinity of Baumann Fiord. After backstepping, condensed sequences occurred over paleotopographic highs and expanded sections over lows, and a subsequent second major phase of platform rimming occurred. Stratigraphy known in the southern Arctic Islands is generally applicable to northeastern Ellesmere Island, but local lithological variations occur. The upper part of the Allen Bay Formation at Darling Peninsula, in particular, is unusually thick, and subtidal, perhaps resulting from greater subsidence, related to lithospheric flexure and deep marine clastic sedimentation that drowned the contiguous platform on North Greenland. Other formations recognized in this area include the Cape Storm, Douro, and Goose Fiord formations, although these, too, show minor lithological differences from type sequences. A thick grey siltstone unit in the vicinity of Bay and Vesle fiords is suggested to be a distal facies of the Red Canyon River Formation. This sequence is a progradational clastic wedge that likely represents the first, largest phase of the tripartite Caledonian Inglefield Uplift which profoundly affected carbonate deposition in the areas of southern and central Ellesmere Island during the late Silurian and early Devonian time. The base of this unit is diachronous and likely late Silurian in age. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Hanesiak, John Michael. "Development of a one-dimensional electro-thermophysical model of the snow sea-ice system, arctic climate processes and microwave remote sensing applications." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ62637.pdf.
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Wilson, Elana Tovah. "Building an Arctic community of knowledge : the promotion and reception of Canadian resource management and economic development models in the Russian North." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2005. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/273250.
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Panchenko, Evgeny. "Sustainable Planning of Linear Infrastructure Corridor in Remote Areas." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1542777301682337.
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Kürner, Fabienne [Verfasser], and S. [Akademischer Betreuer] Norra. "Actor-network services in the Arctic - Development of a theoretical and methodological concept to assess interdependencies between nature and society / Fabienne Kürner. Betreuer: S. Norra." Karlsruhe : KIT-Bibliothek, 2015. http://d-nb.info/109738098X/34.
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Littlejohn, Lexia M. "The impact of retreating sea ice on Arctic marine transport and development : an integrated risk and scenario-based approach to framing solutions for potential marine incidents /." May be available electronically:, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/login?COPT=REJTPTU1MTUmSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=12498.
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Roiger, Anke [Verfasser], and Ulrich [Akademischer Betreuer] Platt. "Biomass burning pollution in the summer time Arctic atmosphere : Development and deployment of a novel airborne CI-ITMS instrument for PAN detection / Anke Roiger ; Betreuer: Ulrich Platt." Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1179782550/34.
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Assefa Hassen, Yohannes. "The Impacts of Mining on Arctic Environment and Society from Corporate Social Responsibility and Sustainable Development Perspectives : The Case of Jokkmokk (Kallak) Iron Mines in Northern Sweden." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för naturgeografi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-130518.
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Extractive industry in Arctic is controversial due to the ecosystems and communities in the region are highly sensitive to natural and anthropogenic disturbances as it is one of the world’s global change hot-spots, as well as its uniqueness and distinctive social and ecological significance. As mining industry has developed into sophisticated operations, yet the basic causes of environmental pollution and degradation and impacts on the natural environment of the Arctic region remain unchanged. Mining in this environment may be faced with dilemmas as the result of adverse impacts they may cause and their escalating environmental footprints; as well as reactions from pressure groups and indigenous peoples, which in turn may have a detrimental effect on their reputations and financial performances. This may further have social, environmental and political risks in their present and future roles and operations. Thus, the mining industry ought to recognize the impacts in their operations, and are required to work towards minimizing the adverse impacts and maximizing the substantial benefits of their actions on the environment, the community and local people. Corporate social responsibility (CSR) and sustainability are supposed to be two of several principles used to examine the social and environmental endeavours and results of business activity. The aim of this thesis is to assess the environmental and social impacts associated with major mining operations Arctic region, and to conduct preliminary review of the perspectives of CSR and sustainable development in countries across the Arctic region and subarctic, especially the United States of America (USA), Finland and Sweden. As well as conduct comparative study and analysis on how corporate entities in these countries dealing with the two theoretical frameworks and how they are approached in practice and managed, and information are disclosed. The study also concentrates on how these issues can be handled in the case of Jokkmokk (Kallak) Iron Mines in Sweden. Different methodological approaches and techniques have been adopted in this study. The literature review is supplemented by interviews with strategically important stakeholders. The Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) statement is reviewed and conceptual modeling is also employed to demonstrate the dynamic effects and consequences of the Kallak North Iron Mines. The findings in this thesis propose that the corporations’ in the USA show differences from those of the European countries in defining and addressing social and environmental concerns; as well as managing CSR and sustainability issues and communicating them as there are qualitatively different practices and approaches to CSR in these countries. In conclusion, main points are suggested as important recommendations entailing of some clear expectations to fulfill on how CSR and sustainability issues may be handled by extractive industry including the case of Jokkmokk (Kallak North) Iron Mines.
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Morewood, William Dean. "Temperature/development relationships and life history strategies of Arctic Gynaephora species (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) and their insect parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) and (Diptera: Tachinidae) with reference to predicted global warming." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ37356.pdf.
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Laframboise, D. Luke. "Founded on Ice and Tradition : A Comparative Examination of the Development and Effectiveness of the Inuit Circumpolar and Saami Councils." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Statsvetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-163336.
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There has been a great deal of interest in the Arctic governance in recent years, but littleof the interest has been in the indigenous peoples that populate it and the political structures theyuse to make themselves heard. In this thesis, these political structures, and the peoples that formthem, are studied in a historical context in order to determine how these structures weredeveloped, how their cultures have been effected by their relationship with non-indigenousgovernments and what affect both people and structure have had in their political environment.This was done through a qualitative comparative case study between the Sami of Scandinaviaand the Inuit of northern Canada and Alaska. From this study, it was determined that the level ofrelationship between indigenous and non-indigenous governments determined the degree towhich political bodies would occur and their ability affect their political environment. Followingthis relationship each case example developed a body for their own advocacy as a result ofsudden political pressure placed upon them. Overall, this thesis determines that the developmentof institutions is not fixed, but rather contingent to past events.
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McKenney, Robyn Sullivan. "The effects of sustained, individualized technology professional development with a classroom teacher on the acquisition of content and technology skills of third grade students engaged in a multi-disciplinary study of the Arctic /." Online thesis, 2004. http://www.geocities.com/bobbyn18/FINALEDITION.doc.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Eastern Connecticut State University, 2004.<br>Website for materials: http://www.geocities.com/bobbyn18/Thesis.html?1074876403923 (viewed 12-29-2005). Bibliography: leaves 93-97. Thesis also available via the World Wide Web.
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Petrova, Darina. "From the rich countries club to the end of the land : green worldmaking in five acts." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023IEPP0029.
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Cette thèse utilise l'Organisation de coopération et de développement économiques (OCDE) comme plate-forme d'observation pour examiner quels arguments, outils et mécanismes ont été utilisés tout au long des étapes de création d'arrangements juridiques qui ont défini et appliqué le « vert » dans la gouvernance mondiale. Utilisant une approche de fabrication de mondes et s'inspirant des études juridiques critiques, des études des sciences et des technologies (STS) et de l'anthropologie, cette thèse aborde la question de recherche à travers cinq histoires distinctes mais interconnectées, présentées sous forme d'actes. Chaque acte examine la question de recherche sous un angle différent, en travaillant avec des dimensions globales, nationales et locales. Tandis que les quatre premières actes se concentrent sur l'OCDE, le dernier acte déplace l'histoire sur la péninsule de Yamal dans l'Arctique russe pour observer comment les normes vertes promues par cette organisation se concrétisent dans la pratique. En combinaison, les cinq actes forment un arc, qui représente la trajectoire de l'universel néocolonial et de la politique libérale depuis la fin de la seconde guerre mondiale et leurs interactions avec d'autres projets de fabrication des mondes. Cette méthode offre l'espace pour observer les problèmes dans toute leur complexité et leur ambiguïté, pendant que la combinaison et la juxtaposition des actes permettent de souligner des incohérences ou des «contradictions dans les termes» plus larges et de tirer des conclusions plus générales. Par cette approche, la thèse fait remonter à la surface certains liens sémiotiques qui étaient cachés et déconnectés dans le projet et la trajectoire de mondialisation, et sa dernière version « verte »<br>This thesis uses the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) as an observational platform to look at what arguments, tools and mechanisms were employed along the steps of creating legal arrangements that defined and enforced ‘greenness’ in the global governance. Using worldmaking approach and drawing from the critical legal studies, science and technology studies (STS) and anthropology, this thesis addresses the research question through five separate but interconnected stories, presented as Acts. Each Act examines the research question from a different angle, working with global, national and local dimensions. While the first four Acts focus on the OECD, the last Act moves the story to the Yamal Peninsula in the Russian Arctic to observe how the green norms promoted by this organisation play out in practice. In combination the five Acts form an arch, which represents the trajectory of the neo-colonial universal and the liberal politics since the end of the second World War and their interactions with other worldmaking projects. This method offers the space to observe the issues in all their complexity and ambiguity, while the combination and juxtaposition of the Acts enables to point out broader inconsistencies or ‘contradictions in terms’ and draw more general conclusions. Through this approach, the thesis brings to the surface certain semiotic links that were concealed and disconnected in the globalization project and trajectory, and its latest ‘green’ version
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Johannessen, Eik Kenneth. "Ice Management in Arctic Offshore Operations and Field Developments." Doctoral thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for bygg, anlegg og transport, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-12214.
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The subject ice management has been studied with the main objective to deduce a methodology that incorporates the effect of ice management on the structural reliability of offshore installations. This was done by first studying Arctic projects in the past and summarizes the learning’s. All available reports were unanimous and highlighted ice management as a key for the successes in the projects. Based on the reported experiences, an unambiguous definition of ice management was made: “Ice management is the sum of all activities where the objective is to reduce or avoid actions from any kind of ice features” Despite the number of similarities between sea ice management and iceberg management, it was decided to study each of the fields individually. The motivation for doing so was that iceberg management in general focus on reducing the frequency of impacts between icebergs and installations while sea ice management generally focus on reducing the sizes in the ice floe distributions and thereby reduces the severity of the ice actions. One methodology for including iceberg management and one for including sea ice management in the offshore installation design process has been proposed. In order to develop the models for ice management efficiency a number of studies of the various elements were conducted. Individual papers regarding subsurface ice intelligence, iceberg drift modelling, iceberg deterioration, iceberg deflection in ice and ice load variability has been published and are included in this thesis. Each of these papers is of importance for the proposed models for ice management efficiency. The possibility to disconnect an installation and escape the site has been considered both in the methodologies for iceberg management and sea ice management. When considering the number and magnitude of uncertainties both with respect to load calculations from icebergs and sea ice, it is concluded that disconnection capabilities should be considered in all Arctic projects. It was shown that icebreakers not necessarily are sufficient to reduce extreme or abnormal loads on a structure. However, there may still be a number of reasons for why icebreakers also should be considered in Arctic projects. The methodologies presented in this work provide adequate tools for evaluating the effect of various icebreaker fleets and iceberg management systems. However, the approaches rely on a number of tools and formulations with inherent weaknesses and advantages. The weaknesses are discussed and recommendations for further work in order to improve the models have been proposed.
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Raaby, Erika. "Investigating Reflections on Social Sustainability: The Case of EU-Funded Projects in Remote Northern Communities." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-391036.
Full textAbstract:
There has been a general population decline in the European Arctic and northern periphery, with out-migration being one of the main drivers. The population is ageing and less able to contribute to the economic welfare. The EU has implemented a series of projects in the region in an attempt to remedy the out-migration and make the regions attractive for further investments and development. The study investigates how actors within a number of EU-funded projects perceived local social sustainability, in their communities and within their projects. It aims to gain a better understanding of what social sustainability means in northern contexts, and how EU-funded projects could improve social sustainability. Using coding inspired by the Arctic Social Indicators, the study mapped perceptions and reflections through conducting a series of interviews with actors attached to EU projects. The results show that a majority of projects potentially have had a higher impact on social sustainability than the actors reflected upon, such as the impact on cultural wellbeing that comes from improving local slow tourism, focussing on local traditions and heritage. The study also finds that transnational cooperation is perceived to be beneficial for socially sustainable outcomes with benefits including knowledge transfer and business cooperation. Transnational cooperation, however, comes with challenges such as communication issues due to language barriers, and policy difficulties when working across borders. Overall the study concludes that the EU projects are perceived to have positive outcomes on the social sustainability in northern communities. Not only did the actors perceive these EU-funded projects to be important for monetary development, but also in creating invaluable bonds between partners.
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Perombelon, Brice Désiré Jude. "Prioritising indigenous representations of geopower : the case of Tulita, Northwest Territories, Canada." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2018. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:71e14c26-d00a-4320-a385-df74715c45c8.
Full textAbstract:
Recent calls from progressive, subaltern and postcolonial geopoliticians to move geopolitical scholarship away from its Western ontological bases have argued that more ethnographic studies centred on peripheral and dispossessed geographies need to be undertaken in order to integrate peripheralised agents and agencies in dominant ontologies of geopolitics. This thesis follows these calls. Through empirical data collected during a period of five months of fieldwork undertaken between October 2014 and March 2015, it investigates the ways through which an Indigenous community of the Canadian Arctic, Tulita (located in the Northwest Territories' Sahtu region) represents geopower. It suggests a semiotic reading of these representations in order to take the agency of other-than/more-than-human beings into account. In doing so, it identifies the ontological bases through which geopolitics can be indigenised. Drawing from Dene animist ontologies, it indeed introduces the notion of a place-contingent speculative geopolitics. Two overarching argumentative lines are pursued. First, this thesis contends that geopower operates through metamorphic refashionings of the material forms of, and signs associated with, space and place. Second, it infers from this that through this transformational process, geopower is able to create the conditions for alienating but also transcending experiences and meanings of place to emerge. It argues that this movement between conflictual and progressive understandings is dialectical in nature. In addition to its conceptual suggestions, this thesis makes three empirical contributions. First, it confirms that settler geopolitical narratives of sovereignty assertion in the North cannot be disentangled from capitalist and industrial political-economic processes. Second, it shows that these processes, and the geopolitical visions that subtend them, are materialised in space via the extension of the urban fabric into Indigenous lands. Third, it demonstrates that by assembling space ontologically in particular ways, geopower establishes (and entrenches) a geopolitical distinction between living/sovereign (or governmentalised) spaces and nonliving/bare spaces (or spaces of nothingness).