Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'The Art of War by Sun-tzu'

Approved for public release; distribution in unlimited.<br>The principles of Sun Tzu's Art of War have been widely used by business executives and military officers with much success in the realm of competition and conflict. However, when conflict situations arise in a highly stressful environment coupled with the pressure of time, decision makers may not be able to consider all the key concepts when forming their decisions or strategies. Therefore, a structured reasoning approach may be used to apply Sun Tzu's principles correctly and fully. Sun Tzu's principles are believed to be able to be modeled mathematically; hence, a Bayesian Network model (a form of mathematical tool using probability theory) is used to capture Sun Tzu's principles and provide the structured reasoning approach. Scholars have identified incompleteness in Sun Tzu's appreciation of information in war and his application of secret agents. This incompleteness resulted in circular reasoning when both sides of the conflict apply his principles. This circular reasoning can be resolved through the use of advanced probability theory. A Bayesian Network Model however, not only provides a structured reasoning approach, but more importantly, it can also resolve the circular reasoning problem that has been identified.<br>Captain, Singapore Army

Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2005.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: If you want peace make ready for war! This was what Sun Tzu believed when conveying his philosophies in his book the Art of War. What is remarkable about the Art of War is that it was written about 2300 years ago and presented a new way of thinking about battle. Sun Tzu did not promote engaging in battle but rather overcoming the enemy without having to do battle. "100 victories in 100 battles is not the most skilful. Subduing without battle is the most skilful" (Denma Translation: 2003: 25 - 26). The Sun Tzu begins with the understanding that conflict is an integral part of human life. It is within us and all around us. Sometimes we can skilfully sidestep it, but at other times we must confront it directly. Many of us have seen the destructive power of aggression, whether on a personal level or in the disasters of armed conflict. We know as well the limitations of most political and personal responses to that aggression. How can we work with it in a more profound and effective way? (Denma Translation: 2003: 2). As in modem day society conflict is ever present and the manner in which we deal with such conflict either resolves the conflict or exacerbates it. One way of dealing with conflict is through negotiations. The negotiation process is an orderly process whereby parties can engage each other in dialogue in order to reach a mutually acceptable agreement. What is evident is that to be successful in a negotiation the necessary planning and preparation needs to be done. Although it is not possible to prepare and plan for all eventualities within the negotiation process most scenarios can be predicted and therefore if the required preparation is done the possibility of reaching one's objective is increased. When preparing for negotiations it is imperative that all environments that can impact on the negotiation are considered. Furthermore the organisational and personal power of the negotiator and the other party needs to be determined. Within the negotiation process the negotiator will display certain behaviours depending what he/she wishes to achieve. Should the negotiator wish to drive the negotiation then behaviours such as providing information or making proposals will be used. On the other hand, if the negotiator wishes to draw the other party into the negotiation then the behaviour of seeking information and summarising would be used. The outcome of a negotiation could be one of four, namely lose -lose, win -lose, win - win or mutual gains. There are different approaches to negotiation, namely soft, hard and principled. It is suggested that the most appropriate approach is the principled approach, although the soft and hard approach could be used under certain circumstances. A negotiation is a systematic process and involves the aspect of planning. Without planning negotiations are sure to fail and the objective set not reached. The types of planning that need to be done are strategic, tactical and administrative. Instead of opposing each other the planning aspects of negotiation complement each other. Sun Tzu proposes ways to settle a conflict without engaging in battle. Although the learned strategist does not promote negotiation directly when reading the 'Art of War' it becomes evident that Sun Tzu preferred to resolve conflicts in a peaceful manner. It was only when no other option was available that he suggests battle. In war most of the planning and preparation involves strategies, which is similar in the negotiation process. It is important that a negotiator knows when to move, when to stand fast and when to engage the other party. This is also true for any military engagement. Sun Tzu sets out philosophies, which can be used to strategise for negotiation. Although a bit of poetic licence exists when interpreting Sun Tzu's philosophy for the negotiation arena, what the learned author contributes to the field of negotiation is to make the negotiator aware of the options available. The Art of War provides insight into creative thinking where Sun Tzu spells out that it is better to conquer the enemy without engaging in battle. Furthermore the less of the enemy's possessions destroyed the more astute the leader and lastly, that one must not engage in battle because of the wrath of the leaders. In other words it should not be retaliation because the leader's ego is bruised. Sun Tzu provides wisdom, which can be utilised in the negotiation process. The interpretation of Sun Tzu's strategies provides a framework for negotiators to strategise when entering into negotiations.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: As jy Vrede wil hê, maak reg vir 'n oorlog! Dit is wat Sun Tzu geglo het toe hy sy filosofie in die boek Art of War, weergegee het. "100 victories in 100 battles is not the most skilful. Subduing without battle is the most skilful" (Denma vertaling: 2003: 25-26). Sun Tzu gaan van die veronderstelling uit dat konflik 'n integrale deel van die menslike bestaan is. Dit is binne in ons en orals om ons. Somtyds kan ons dit behendig systap maar ander kere moet ons dit direk hanteer. Baie van ons het al die destruktiewe krag van agressie gesien, hetsy op persoonlike vlak of in rampspoedige gewapende konflikte. Ons ken ook die beperkings van die meeste politieke of persoonlik reaksies op die tipe aggressie. Hoe kan ons dit op 'n meer diepgaande en effektiewe manier hanteer? (Denma vertaling: 2003: 25-26) Soos ook in die moderne samelewing is konflik alom teenwoordig en die wyse hoe dit hanteer word kan dit of oplos, of vererger. Een metode om konflik te hanteer is deur onderhandeling. Die proses van onderhandeling is 'n ordelike proses waardeur partye met mekaar in gesprek tree ten einde tot 'n wedersyds aanvaarbare ooreenkoms te bereik. Dit blyk dat ten einde suksesvol te wees in onderhandelings die nodige beplanning en voorbereiding gedoen moet word. Alhoewel dit is nie moontlik is om te beplan vir alle gebeurlikhede tydens die onderhandelinge nie, kan die meeste scenario's egter voorspel word. Indien die nodige voorbereiding dus gedoen word kan dit jou kanse om jou eie doelwitte te bereik, verhoog. Wanneer voorberei word vir onderhandelings is dit noodsaaklik dat alle omgewings invloede wat 'n impak kan hê daarop oorweeg word. Verder moet die organisatoriese en persoonlike mag van die onderhandelaar en die ander party bepaal word.Tydens die onderhandelings proses sal die onderhandelaar sekere gedrag toon afhangend van wat hy/sy uit die onderhandelings wil verkry. Indien die onderhandelaar hoop om die onderhandelings te lei, sal gedrag soos om inligting te verskaf en om voorstelle maak, gebruik word. Indien die onderhandelaar andersyds eerder die ander partye wil betrokke kry by die onderhandelings, sal gedrag soos die soeke na inligting en om opsommings te maak, getoon word. Die uitkoms van onderhandelings kan een van vier moontlikhede wees, naamlik: verloor-verloor, wenverloor, wen-wen of beide partye baat. Daar is verskillende benaderings tot onderhandeling naamlik die sagte, die harde en die beginselvaste benadering. Dit word aan die hand gedoen dat die mees toepaslike benadering die beginselvaste benadering is maar dat die sagte of aggressiewe (harde) benadering ook onder sekere omstandighede gebruik kan word.Onderhandelinge is 'n sistematiese proses en behels beplanning. Sonder beplanning is onderhandelings gedoem tot mislukking en is die doelwitte nie haalbaar nie. Die tipe beplanning wat gedoen moet word is strategies, takties en administratief. Die verskillende tipes beplanning komplementeer mekaar eerder as om mekaar te opponeer. Sun Tzu voorsien metodes hoe om konflik te besleg sonder om in oorlog betrokke te raak. Hoewel die geleerde strateeg nie onderhandelings direk promoveer nie blyk dit by die lees van The Art of War dat Sun Tzu verkies on konflik op 'n vreedsame wyse op te los. Dit was slegs wanneer geen ander opsie beskikbaar was nie dat hy oorlog voorstel. Tydens oorlog word beplanning en voorbereiding gewy aan strategie wat baie ooreenkom met die van die onderhandelingsproses. Dit is belangrik dat die onderhandelaar weet wanneer om te beweeg, wanneer om vas te staan en wanneer om die ander party te betrek.Hierdie is ook belangrik vir enige militêre aanval. Sun Tzu se filisofie kan dus ook gebruik word vir strategie beplanning vir onderhandeling. Hoewel 'n mate van poëtiese vaardigheid benodig word vir die intepretering van Sun Tzu se filosofie in die onderhandelings arena word die geleerde outeur se bydrae op die onderhandelings gebied gemaak daardeur dat die onderhandelaar bewus gemaak word van sy beskikbare opsies. The Art of War gee insig in kreatiewe denke waar Sun Tzu dit uitspel dat dit beter is om die vyand te oorwin sonder om in 'n geveg betrokke te raak. Verder word aangedui dat hoe minder van die vyand se besittings vernietig word hoe slimmer die leier en dat daar nie in 'n geveg betrokke geraak moet word vanweë die woede van die leiers nie. Met ander woorde daar moet nie vergelding wees as gevolg van die gekrenkte ego van die leier nie. Sun Tzu verskaf dus wysheid wat gebruik kan word in die onderhandelings proses. Die interpretasie van Sun Tzu se strategieë voorsien 'n raamwerk aan onderhandelaars vir stategiese beplanning wanneer betrokke geraak word in onderhandelings.

In March 1942, the 2nd Battalion, 131st Field Artillery Regiment, 36th Division, surrendered to the Japanese Imperial Army on Java in the Dutch East Indies. Shortly after the surrender, the men of the 2nd Battalion were joined as prisoners-of-war by the sailors and Marines who survived the sinking of the heavy cruiser USS Houston. From March 1942 until the end of World War II, these men lived in various Japanese prison camps throughout the Dutch East Indies, Southeast Asia, and in the Japanese home islands. Forced to labor for their captors for the duration of the conflict, they performed extremely difficult tasks, including working in industrial plants and mining coal in Japan, and most notably, constructing the infamous Burma-Thailand Death Railway. During their three-and-one-half years of captivity, these prisoners experienced brutality at the hands of the Japanese. Enduring prolonged malnutrition and extreme overwork, they suffered from numerous tropical and dietary diseases while receiving almost no medical care. Each day, these men lived in fear of being beaten and tortured, and for months at a time they witnessed the agonizing deaths of their friends and countrymen. In spite of the conditions they faced, most survived to return to the United States at war's end. This study examines the experiences of these former prisoners from 1940 to 1945 and attempts to explain how they survived.

This works explores how to work with Event scores as a design method. In the search for what is real or what is reality the already existing things are being explored. The work started with investigating suitable ways to work with the moving body in the design process, with the aim to find a method that gave control but also left some parameters to the undecided and ambiguous. Convinced that this will lead to something new some parts of the process were highlighted and re-formulated.<br>Program: Modedesignutbildningen

Aristotle stated in his Poetics that theatre's dual purpose was to educate and entertain. Centuries later the Roman Horace and Indian Bharata echoed his same sentiments. I intend to realize all three theorist's ideas on the theatre by creating an original educational and entertaining work and bringing it to performance. The audience will retain information without being aware of learning if it is presented in a pleasurable way. The most important geopolitical relationship of this century will be between China and America. In order to educate the American public about the culture of The Middle Kingdom, I propose to write and direct my own play, condensing all three thousand years of Chinese literature into a one hundred and ten minute performance. I will benefit from the personal nature of this thesis by experiencing every stage of a play's production: from idea to page to performance. My thesis will be made of three major parts: conceiving and writing the play, a journal of directing the debut production, and a third section made of choices, influences, and reflection on the entire experience. In this manner, the ideas swirling in my head may be made clear to others reading this thesis. The play itself will be a comical distillation of ten selected works of Chinese literature. Four non-gender specific American actors will seem to make up the show as it performs in a tongue-in-cheek way. Taking my stated goal of entertaining and educating the audience to heart, the overarching plot of the play will center on the four actors teaching the audience about the literature and culture of China by acting out scenes and telling stories. The information in the scenes will be targeted to a normal American citizen's educational level with liberal doses of humor added. The four actors will be playing fictionalized versions of themselves and at times breaking character by explaining and setting up the theatricality of the piece to the audience. Part of the fun of the show will be seeing how these actors explain a subject as obtuse as Chinese literature to Americans. Perhaps a cooking metaphor is the best way to think of the play: I will chop up raw Chinese literature, the actors will boil it onstage, the theatregoer will consume the mix, and exit the theatre full of entertaining intellectual nourishment. My experiences directing and producing the finished play will be recorded in a journal as a resource for future directors. I imagine directing the play will be the most challenging aspect of this thesis. How is the play changed when other people interact with it? How will the audience receive it? In addition, Committee Chair Mark Routhier and my thesis Committee Members, Mark Brotherton and Tan Huaixiang, will also give written responses to the play's performances. The play will be performed October 10-13, 2013 in the University of Central Florida's Performing Arts Complex Studio 2 classroom. In the final section I will write a reflection on the entire process. This will serve the dual purpose of giving me a place to collect my thoughts and giving others a special insight to the growth they might experience when producing this play. Foremost among my influences in writing a play with this subject matter are the style and tone of The Reduced Shakespeare Company.<br>M.A.<br>Masters<br>Theatre<br>Arts and Humanities<br>Theatre

This dissertation offers a framework for understanding the strategies of states engaged in competition for regional hegemony. Although international relations literature refers extensively to such competition and obliquely to states' strategies, to date little has been done to show how states' strategies in such competition may be analyzed. Drawing on a variety of strategic literature, this dissertation synthesizes a theoretical approach to analyzing the strategies of states engaged in regional security competition. Employing insights drawn from business strategy, this dissertation argues for an essentially asymmetric understanding of fundamental policy goals for states engaged in competition for regional hegemony, with one state attempting to maintain a dominant position and another attempting, by focusing limited resources, to supplant it. The competition is understood metaphorically (based on an anecdote from the end of the Cold War) as a “race with no finish line,” with the reigning hegemon attempting to extend the race and the challenger attempting to create a finish line and cross it. With homage to realism, liberalism, and constructivism, possible state goals are categorized as belonging to three realms: security, welfare, and intangible goals. These are used as metrics for a state's success or failure in any given competitive scenario, as well as the resources at its disposal. Drawing on military strategic literature, this thesis then applies decision-cycle analysis to state competitive behavior. The conclusions from this analysis are then synthesized into a framework for analysis of similar regional competitive scenarios, the first such framework yet devised for such purposes. A case study: the “Dreadnought Race” between Britain and Germany prior to World War One, is then examined, in which states' performance is analyzed in the competitive scenario in light of the above strategic precepts.

碩士<br>僑光技術學院<br>管理研究所<br>94<br>After Taiwan became a member of World Trade Organisation, small and medium enterprises have spread to the world because of globalization. With the intense competition and the advancement of technology, every business has to keep absorbing information and improving efficiency in order to keep up with the changing environment. As enterprises face different management phases, they have to create new strategies on their angles, disposition, management skills, predominance, and values. Only by this way can they keep what they already have and try to win more. The range of administration on strategy management covers strategy on planning, discharging, and controlling. Using the SWOT analysis to from a whole circulation strategy management.This research focuses on the ideas of The Art of War and management skills with application of enterprise management skills, which also combines the ideas of “cautious defeating” (win first and then start war), “being a seer” (know the enemy first and every battle is won), “taking initiatives” (give or not to give), “winning all” (winning the battle without the war).This research will use the method of data analysis and history analysis to assist industries with their being possessed with “concepts” and “abilities” of management strategies to lead out the structure of strategy management of The Art of War in such a hectic changing environment. In addition, they can also be applied to reinforce the process of “decision-making” and “putting into practice.” The overall theoretical framework and feasible guidelines will be undoubtedly of great importance to the unpredictability of constantly-changing business environment.

博士<br>銘傳大學<br>應用中國文學系<br>105<br>This paper mainly discusses the ideological connotation on tactics of Zizhi Tongjian. It explores military science theory which can be used for reference from the historical battles in the book. On the basis of spirits of Tongjian edited by Sima Guang, it explores thrilling war history described in the book and combs the consistent part with military science theory. Military science theory takes the Art of War of Sun Tzu as the basis, and summarizes the essence of thought of Sun Wu, a Chinese military master, such as “The Moral Law; Heaven; Earth; The Commander; Method and discipline” and “supreme excellence consists in breaking the enemy‘s resistance without fighting, the highest form of generalship is to balk enemy‘s plans, the skillful fighter puts himself into a position which makes defeat impossible, heedful for war, complete victory and so on”. Besides praising the talents of Sima Guang on history, literature, political and science, the study purpose aims to highlight the achievements of Sima Guang on military science discussions. The author takes reference inductive analysis, historical research and other methods to discuss the essence of Tongjian, and uses table formats to show the contents of Art of War of Sun Tzu or Seven Military Classics cited in the text of Tongjian, so as to verify the military science thought contained in Tongjian. Main structure of this paper is from Chapter IV to Chapter VI, and details of each chapter are listed in annexes in chart format. Main points discussed in this paper include three aspects. First, it uses military thought extended by “five constant factors” in the Art of War of Sun Tzu to distinguish three major fields; “Strategic Thinking (the Moral Law), tactical guidance (Heaven and Earth), and military management principle (Commander and Method & Discipline). Second, it cites the examples in the original text of Tongjian and describes the ideological connotation of military science. Third, it uses military science in Tongjian for alert and proposes “Reflections and Reference”. Based on above conclusion, it is expected to provide references for Tongjian researchers and general decision-makers.

碩士<br>國立中山大學<br>企業管理學系研究所<br>93<br>“who know to plan in future that will be everything good、you will worry about something happen if do not thing it well” is explain one thing，person、company、group or country who know to plan for future then it will be good，if the leader just thing right now then trouble will be happen maybe。This is a sentence in “ book” a simple sentence can tell us the important of plan，like the kind of wisdom of saint it is too little to find at present。 in “ book” can find that wisdom，of course can find in ”Sun Tzu on the Art of War ” too，for example on ”Sun Tzu on the Art of War ” Tactics of chapter IV ：In ancient times the adepts in warfare would first place themselves in an invulnerable position before they would wait to seize some favourable opportunity to defeat the enemy。To secure oneself against defeat depends one’s own efforts，while the opportunity of victory must be afforded by the enemy。Thus even the adapts in warfare can only prepare themselves secure against defeat but they can not be sure of opportunities for victory，which must be provided by the enemy。Therefore it may be said：one may victory but no one can create victory。Victory or defeat in ”Sun Tzu on the Art of War ” clearly to tell us ：if you want to get victory you must be more powerful than enemy，we can know whether victory or defeat but can not do it by grudgingly。This is the ”Sun Tzu on the Art of War ” of wisdom more than other people，use few word can tell us the high-toned reason。 Research strategy is important for run a company，especially multinational company need more and more good strategy to help business 。right now “CHINA“ is the focal point of around the world’s economy， to invest “CHINA“ is an assignment of multinational company，so how to invest in “CHINA“ become a popularly topic。Since 2002 “CHINA“ relax restrictions for chain of company，a lot of company have invested，particularly “7-ELEVEN ” decide to invested “CHINA“ in 2004，the biggest shareholder of “7-ELEVEN ” of Japan’ IY GROUP decided the first place was “bei jing of china ” ，at the same time another three alliance of “7-ELEVEN ”（Taiwan、Hong kong、Thailand）had strong interchange with Japan’ IY GROUP by their plan to invest china，Taiwan’s 7-ELEVEN even use 3641 store become their stake to negotiate with Japan’ IY GROUP，expect Japan’ IY GROUP will said yes for invested china。Right now to invest China is become very important global-logistical strategy for every multinational company。 The business environment of global thought，the “7-ELEVEN” invest to “CHINA“ can not just thinking profit of short-term，maybe think about another three alliance of “7-ELEVEN ” which want to invest “CHINA“ too，but if we look at this from a business standpoint，opportunity is come from market so it is difficult to share others，in the contradictory case it is hard to decide how to do will be best strategy or worst strategy？how to plan the strategy will be a good decide between leader and alliance ？this thesis is going to analysis differ strategy strength and weakness according to “IY GROUP ” and “Taiwan ” position thinking。The tool to support my thesis is use ”Sun Tzu on the Art of War ”，use principles of war of ”Sun Tzu on the Art of War ” to analysis theory of strategy of “7-ELEVEN ” invest China，to think any situation in real business，integrate theory and business

碩士<br>國立屏東科技大學<br>財務金融研究所<br>97<br>The growth of group insurance in Taiwan has been making a great progress in recent year, at the same time the market competition is getting intensive. It is not doubtful that negotiating over price has become a necessary and important link of business promotion. The management of insurance company, besides its strength, need afford to meet constant challenge and test that can stay long in the insurance market. Therefore, how to use a good strategy to achieve a win-win effect has become an important lesson for manager. Game theory is employed to analyses the different cases recently. This thesis applies a relative chapter of Sun-Tzu Art of War, a famous war book in China, to the different cases to explore the competitive behavior of group insurance. Based on the deductive results of game theory, this thesis proposes the connotation and conclusion of management for policy-maker in insurance industry.

碩士<br>國立屏東科技大學<br>高階經營管理碩士在職專班(EMBA)<br>98<br>The challenge to adjust business structure to face global and new Technological development and the need to transform business operation is the major task for government and business agencies. In Taiwan, the traditional puppet show needs to be transformed to a new creative show for the audience in international show selections. The study of the successful case of Pi-Li Puppet is our major study in this thesis. The key factors of the success is their competitive strategy and best plan. This research is based on individual case, adopted some ways of Sun-Tzu Art of War, analysis of mode of competition, and their strategy. Based on the study of this competition of Taiwanese Puppet show, analyzing outcome of the game, their mode and then we will suggest some new ways of business management. The suggestions we will offer in this thesis will be a good reference for business decision maker to apply it in their business operation for a better chances to survive.

This thesis focuses on the Huaihai Campaign (Nov. 6 1948 - Jan.10 1949) in the Chinese Civil War (1927-1936, 1949-1950). This war involved the Republic of China’s (ROC) Kuomintang Party (KMT) and the emerging Communist Party of China (CPC). Over the course of a few months and around one million combatants, the Communists pulled off a resounding victory dealing the final blow to the KMT which led to the CPC’s governance over mainland China. This case study of two key turning points in the Huaihai Campaign is analyzed using Sun Tzu’s five net assessments from The Art of War. Although the KMT appeared the much superior force on paper, they were dealt a decisive blow during the Huaihai Campaign. This thesis uses Sun Tzu’s five net assessments to explain the root cause of KMT decision failings. The KMT failures stemmed from ignorance of the most basic and vital military axioms of assessing advantages and disadvantages before going into battle.

碩士<br>國立屏東科技大學<br>企業管理系所<br>97<br>The annually income of the Taiwan's property insurance industry is approximately 110 billion. In the past years, the tariff liberalization changes significantly in property insurance industry, and the number of the entrepreneur group grow too many excessively. Therefore the competitions in this industry change violently. The productions, the premium rate of the property insurance company are all mostly the same. Therefore the customers are very difficult to choose best and the appropriate insured goods. The competitions of strategy of sales in this industry are not the same business different with other industry. Therefore the property insurance market often falls in a zero-sum game. This thesis takes Taiwan property insurance industry as the example to analyze the industry competition by Game Theory and the Sun-Tzu Art of War. A Coordination Game Theory to show the way avoiding a low price competition. A Prisoner’s Dilemma Game Theory explain a strategy alliance or a competition strategy. A Welfare Game may produce a win-win result. Moreover, the insurance broker company can play a Cooperative Game with insurance group to promote the competitive power through a strategy alliance. Finally, I discuss competition strategy of the property insurance industry by the Sun-Tzu Art of War in different cases to obtain some management meanings. And the results of this thesis could be helpful to the policy-makers in this industry.

碩士<br>國立屏東科技大學<br>企業管理系所<br>96<br>SMEs account for tax returns and tax planning and negotiations, in order to reduce costs, often through professional tax accounting agents (accounting disabilities). Since there are applicable tax laws and the discretion of the space, consultations and negotiations as business tax treatment necessary and important part. Good consultations and negotiations, not only the government get a reasonable revenue, and because the industry to strive for reasonable tax expenditures, so that operators in the industry maintain or increase between competitiveness. The Oriental Art of War(Sun) through the actual situation in various articles of the negotiations on the Application of cases, with a view to reducing the tax in the process of negotiating the conflict and obstacles, combined with Western game theory is derived, the reward is obtained with the scientific verification, Tax negotiation strategy to ensure that the correct application.

碩士<br>國立臺北大學<br>企業管理學系碩士在職專班<br>91<br>ABSTRACT In Warring Age, SUN TZU and WU TZU concluded a regular pattern of war containing the period of that and before times. SUN TZU stressed that the intelligence, trustworthiness, benevolence, courage, and sternness were the major five factors of his theory to direct military affairs. WU TZU emphasized to rule the internal affairs with virtue and foreign affairs with armaments. Those formed the overall tactics including politics and military affairs. In their era, that was the first golden age of military science publications. SUN TZU was grown in the end of Spring-Autumn Age and WU TZU was grown in the early of Warring Age. SUN TZU studied the mainstream idea of TAI SHI GONG. WU TZU studied in Lu State and educated by the disciples of Confucius. It showed WU TZU’s theory was based on the Confucianism. However, the difference between SUN TZU and WU TZU is the personality. WU TZU educated by ZENG SHEN, grandson of ZENG TZU. His personality was the source of his competency and helped him to carry out the political reform in Chu State. SUN TZU was grown in a military family. With his “art of war”, which contains 13 essays, it is believable that he was educated. Moreover, he was appointed as military counselor to WU TZU XU and had great achievements. The core values of SUN-WU’s theory of leadership are the leader’s position and selection standard. Usually, it is the autocratic leadership: (1) prestige leadership, (2) to be kind and the people follow, (3) to be honest and strict, (4) moral conduct and encouragement. But, for reaching the goal of leadership, we must carefully use different means for different objects and circumstances: (1) to give with kindness, (2) to punish with carefulness, (3) to lead with trend, (4) fraud and plot. It is indicated that the SUN-WU’s leadership has the characteristic and flexibility. Autocratic leadership is the mainstream of SUN-WU’s theory. It is different from western’s autocratic and democratic participated leadership. However, SUN-WU’s theory has many equals with Frtd E. Fiedler’s theory of leadership. That’s the value of SUN-WU’s theory. The value of SUN-WU’s theory for present is to promote and direct the operation of enterprise organization. Especially, in SUN-WU’s theory, the part of leader’s character, the discussion of leader’s encouragement in pursuit of a goal with determination, and the major five factors led by “intelligence” have been of benefit to broadening knowledge. Key words: SUN TZU’s the art of war、WU TZU’s the art of war、leadership and management、leadership and to rule、behavior of leadership

碩士<br>國立交通大學<br>管理學院高階主管管理碩士學程<br>105<br>In past decades, the information technology industry has become one of main driving force to the global economic; Taiwan is also in the case. Since the environment and policy is different. Many IT company in Taiwan is still a small and medium-sized enterprise. Some of these companies has have even operated over 30 years. These companies could have great experience and skill in the field, but less famous. As the result, they are often at a disadvantage when encounter the competition from large enterprises. In the competitive business environment nowadays, we use Porter’s five forces analysis and SWOT analysis to characterize and clarify the problem. However, the question is still unsolved, how to find the best solution? The book “The Art of War”, an ancient Chinese military treatise written by Sun in 5th century BC, elaborates Sun’s thinking of strategy. In modern business many manager utilize those thinking to create the advantage and defeat the weakness. This thesis takes a Taiwanese company as an example. It participated a bid in which many top-class multinational corporations were invited. Regardless of company size, celebrated or the experience, this Taiwanese company was considered no chance to win. However, it utilized an unexpected strategy won the final game. As it wrote in The Art of War: “In all fighting, the direct method may be used for joining battle, but indirect methods will be needed in order to secure victory.” In this case, this company use an indirect tactic to win the battle, which is a David and Goliath contest, in the real business war. This thesis figure out the true meaning of The Art of War using case study. It demonstrate how Sun’s thinking and wisdom works in the real world. With understanding of The Art of War, it would become the stepping-stone to success.

碩士<br>國立中山大學<br>人力資源管理研究所<br>103<br>The main theme is description of leadership theory with 《ART of WAR》by Sun Zi.《Art of War》stands for the orient leadership theory, and supplemented by occident leadership theories. Besides exploring《Art of War》and leadership theories through the historical data information and literature, we summarize the above viewpoints. Based on cultural difference, we would like to come out the comparisons between two different philosophies. Through literature collection and comparing proposed, along with modern management implications, especially in leadership management. We would like to draw conclusions from the above description to improve the individuals and organizations.

碩士<br>正修科技大學<br>資訊管理研究所<br>102<br>In ancient times, such as today's information warfare information is not passed quickly, now available via satellite, microwave, there is radio, Internet and other transmission equipment, the establishment of information systems battlefield advantage through the C4ISR (command, control, communications, information, intelligence, surveillance, reconnaissance) the various weapons systems on land, sea, air, space battle, combat platform configurations together as one. History of three thousand years ago, China is the grandson of the first "Information Warriors", but since then has modern information warfare capabilities and related actions have been completely changed, from the rise of information and network cloud created the angle, and an overview of the current cloud construction of technology, the use and deployment types, to serve on the "cloud" to establish proper awareness, citing the benefits brought by the cloud, and finally explore the use of cloud technologies in the information war to consider when facing. "Know thyself, know yourself; wonder if he and close friend, one win and one loss; know he is not confidant, losing every battle," through the "Art of War" thirteen outlined by the ancient and modern examples illustrate the use of cloud-based combat in today's information, to verify the various cloud-based (such as: private cloud, data cloud, cloud defense, intrusion cloud, secure cloud ... etc.), effectively achieve instant "attack", "defense", set efficient security plan based on the principle of thinking and . "The Art of War" - total articles, road, sky, earth, will, law, the five elements of the war, in the field of information warfare, the art of war called "will", the equivalent of enterprises and government agencies in each room Information Officer or security officer or director of e-commerce, called decision makers. Resourcefulness in policymakers queen, have a decisive impact. In this information explosion, the changing times, people already are inextricably linked with the Internet, whether it is wireless or wired network, network with each other in circulation without borders, security and confidentiality of information on the cause network users and information managers importance of effective information operations to achieve real-time. The existing information security systems and network security software application system is not completely without flaws and weaknesses, and how to hurt and to minimize the threat level is an important goal of information security management and other operations. On the technical side, military power is often the most easily measurable change due or elements. The outcome of the key information warfare, not who the bullets most, but who have mastered the real-time information. The importance of information technology evolution, just as the United States sponsors said information warfare, information superiority is the definition of the various types of teaching to the conclusion, are regarded as the main cause of winning future wars. Because speeding weapons more quickly and update information delivery, combat determination issued by the allowed reaction time, are very significantly shorter than the first and the second world war, so "protective" and "information system paralysis "Both sides will be the focus of competing by the fighting.

碩士<br>淡江大學<br>國際事務與戰略研究所<br>92<br>The history and culture of china lists five thousand years , and The Ejin philosophy is the resource of Chinese culture .The Hanghsu Iwingchi said : “ It passed through lives of three saints and time of three generations to make The Chouiea complete “ . Fragment with time and wisdom of saints of each dynasty . It contains all knowledge of all dynasty before Ching dynasty with the completion of Eight-qua , Sixteen-four-qua , Ten-iea . Especially after Confucious re-edited Ejin , self-awaking and development of humanism has been the main stream of Chinese culture . The Hsigee Confucious-Hsicha said “ Confucious loved to study Ejin in his latest life . Hsihsang , Seahsang , Explain-qua , Wingyang , he study very hard . The Rulinlangchang said “ Hsang-Dee from Lou learn Ieaging to Confucious . After Confucious dead , he started to teach it .After six generations , man called Teng-Ho with nickname called Tzi-Chang from Tzi keep teaching . Until Hang dynasty , it had been prosperous . Talking about the main contents of six main Chinese theories , even used the word of the Ieadachang ,“ the truth of world is only one , but it presents as different ways ; the goal where we go is only one , but it can be through different roads to get there .“ as explanation .The point of Smachang’s historic philosophy is realizing the connection between nature and human . He spent most of life on the ancient book of describing secrets between nature and human .The essential thoughts of culture of thousands of years had not been out of the range . We can know its great affection from that . Continuing what we discuss , Ejin is truly the great root of Chinese traditional culture . From past age to now , it always has been a great affection to the culture of essence and public culture . As the Scuchanghsu said :“Ejin generally contains every thing , include astronomy , geography , music theory , art of war , metrics , arithmetic , even to make pills of immortality . All can be the support of them . However at the age of Cingchiou , hundreds of theories were prosperous with art of war , because of each tribe at that time merger the others in a hurry .Confucious put the“ not teaching people how to fighting is abandoning them“ on the same important status as enough soldiers , food , and be honorable to people . Confucious also taught students with manners , music , archery , navigation , the book of history , arithmetic .Many of his students devoted themselves to international affairs , even military command works . Observing Hanghsu Iwingch Binghsulua and all theories of the age of Cingchiou can find theories of the art of war at that time were complete .And the first chapter of Binghsulua is Sun Tzu's The Art of War . Tangtaichang said“ observing the art of war through history , no one is better then Sun Tzu .”Even Scuchanghsu enthrone it that”ancestry of art of war through hundreds of generations .Obviously , Sun Tzu's The Art of War has been the standard that ambitious men of traditional China pursue . Meanwhile , the thirteen chapters of Sun Tzu's The Art of War is the first book of real strategy theory in the world history . No other books can be more important than its status of strategy research . However , Sun Tzu's life and book he wrote still have many questions without answers today . Because of that , the author will publish fruitful results of personal research . As the truth will be more clearly by more argument , continents and meanings of such a great book like Sun Tzu's The Art of War is worthy to analyze deeply and argue repeatedly . Be a research worker , should own the courage of speaking personal option to ask experts for advice . It will use documents analysis , comparison and generalization as research method . And in the range of time and space , using comparison , collation ,analysis and generalization to discuss the connection between Ieaging philosophy and Hsintzibingfa . First , collecting books , papers and periodicals about Ejin philosophy to analyze totally . And arranging all Ejin researchers’explanation about Ejin to generalize special thoughts from them . Furthermore , to confer a compatible military philosophy with suitableness and perfection by comparing with the main viewpoint of Sun Tzu's The Art of War . Hope the publishing of the paper can cause effects of attraction , and appeal to the interests and general mood of researching Ejin philosophy and Sun Tzu's thoughts . Let it can be enhanced and gloried in international academic circles , and provide human a truth to associate with people .

碩士<br>國立交通大學<br>高階主管管理碩士學程<br>99<br>Entrepreneurship is a important behavior for driving economic development. Recently, financial meltdown not only increases domestic unemployment, but also brings about the entrepreneurial desire. The researchers indicated that the entrepreneurial behavior not only for bring economic activities, but also creative potential hirer, increasing employment opportunity, decreasing unemployment rate. It will make some contribution to economic development. If someone were engaged in entrepreneurial behavior, not all can be successful; because which maybe ignore some key factors that it will cause the failure. In our research which combine the modern management theory and famous ancient strategy in our business today; an ancient famous book called “Sun Zi Bing fa (The Art of War)” and a modern Harvard Management master Michael E. Porter’s Five forces analysis. My thesis is close to reality’s point of view, by using ancient Chinese strategy as principal and applies modern Western theory to reach and create an ideal company’s ruling. The case study is a company named “Big Sun Energy Technology Inc.,” a professional solar cell manufacturer. Starting with only 3 employees and the capital of 109 million TWD, within 4 years, now it has more than 400 employees and the net value of 2.6 billion TWD, as well as the turnover of 4.15 billion TWD and EPS 2.31 in 2010. The turnover of this company will keep growing in 2011. Currently it is a listed company in the Emerging Stock Market. This classical case will explain how to succeed with the right time, right place.

碩士<br>國立臺北大學<br>中國文學系<br>100<br>In the paper titled “A Study on the Competitive Thoughts of Sun Tzu’s The Art of War”, using “Sun Tzu’s The Art of War” as its research object, and it is with attempt to make analysis as well as to construct the thinking system of the book from the standpoint of “competition”. Currently, up to-date, there are roughly divisions of “the studies on “Sun Tzu’s The Art of War” into three categories; the first category is to make analysis one by one of the thirteen chapters in “Sun Tzu’s The Art of War”, as well as to state the main ideas of each chapter; the second category is to make a bridge with communication between “Sun Tzu’s The Art of War” and other subjects. In the succession of research results made by the senior scholars, with auxiliary of methods as “Primordial Question” and “Key word Analysis”, to concentrate discussions of the various concepts, including “Five Fundamentals and Seven Stratagems”, “Forms and Dispositions”, “Potential Energy”, “Without losing a man, to complete one’s triumph”, and “To balk the enemy’s plan”, and by attempting to use all those concepts in connection with the thirteen chapters of “Sun Tzu’s The Art of War” once again, to make highlight of the core principles on its thinking construct. The paper is divided into six chapters, and the first chapter is introduction, to state in details of the research background, method, documentary reviews and research approaches for the paper. In the second chapter, it is about the works and the language features of “Sun Tzu”, to make discussion on the biography of “Sun Tzu”, the time period of his works, the relationship between “Sun Tzu” and “Lao Tzu”, as well as the language features. From chapter three to chapter five, they are the main part of the paper, to make construct on the thinking system of “Sun Tzu” respectively from three aspects, including the contents of competitions, the principles of competition and the implementations of competitions; in the chapter three on the “contents of competition”, the focus is on the “Five Fundamentals” (The moral law/Heave/Earth/Commander/Method and Discipline) mentioned in the “Section of Laying Plan” of Sun Tzu, the next priority will be “Seven Stratagems”, to put emphasis on the discussion of relationship between “commander” and “general”. In the chapter four on the “principles of competition”, the base of investigation is on the two sentences as “The highest form of leadership as the general is to complete one’s triumph without losing a man” and “To take one’s enemy without any fighting at all”, to make investigation on the highest guidance principle of “Without losing a man, to complete one’s triumph” in Sun Tzu from the standpoints of living together and in mutual benefits. In the chapter five on the “implementations of competition”, it divides the strategic tactics of “Sun Tzu’s The Art of War” into two major implementing directions- “Forms and Dispositions”, and “Potential Energy”, with attempt to cover most of the tactics (strategies) from “Sun Tzu’s The Art of War” by the two major guidelines. Although from chapter three to chapter five, each is independent on its own, still there are connections amongst them, in the attempt to highlight the features and values of “Sun Tzu’s The Art of War” from the three aspects, further to construct the system on the competitive thoughts of Sun Tzu that are with contemporary meanings. The chapter six is conclusion, to sum up the whole ideas in the paper, and to make suggestions of the concrete research results as well as the limitation of the paper.

碩士<br>嶺東科技大學<br>國際企業系碩士班<br>107<br>The study aims to investigate how the strategies in the Sun Tzu's Art of War apply to international enterprise operation. This thesis comprises the analysis of The Art of War, literature review, and case studies. There were three parts in the thesis: 1. Statements in The Art of War related to international enterprise operation—elaboration of the connections between The Art of War and international enterprise operation. 2. Implementation of the strategies in The Art of War—how companies utilize the ‘five fundamentals’ stated in The Art of War (The Moral Law; Natural Order; Geography; The Commander; Method and Discipline) and effectively implement them to enhance competitiveness. 3. Case studies—taking five well-known companies as examples to analyze the implementation of the five fundamentals. The conclusion of this study shows that the five fundamentals (The Moral Law; Natural Order; Geography; The Commander; Method and Discipline) from Sun Tzu's Art of War caught be applied to international enterprises operation. The five conclusions were: 1. The Moral Law caught be implemented to the management philosophy in an international enterprise. 2. Natural Order caught be applied to the strategy formulation for an international enterprise 3. Geography caught be implemented to the marketing planning for an international enterprise. 4. The Commander caught be applied to the leadership in an international enterprise. 5. Method and Discipline caught be implemented to the organizational structure of an international enterprise.

碩士<br>國立交通大學<br>管理學院科技管理學程<br>104<br>The masterpiece, Sun-Wu Art of War, was made in Warring State Period and lasts for 2,500 years in China. With strong logic and solid theories, it outlined 13 chapters and delivered alternatives for military strategy and tactics. The wisdom is not only applied in ancient wars, but also in modern times in terms of business competition and inspiring guideline. This research is aimed to explore the knowledge of Sun-Wu Art of War, and also compared with modern management theories. By studying the associated books and analyzing ten business cases, the original texts of Sun-Wu Art of War are quoted and combined with the real business cases, and tried to identify their key success elements. Therefore, it has proven that the Sun-Wu Art of War can develop all kinds of strategies and valuable guidelines, which lead the enterprise to create, develop and maintain competitive advantages in different period. The ancient knowledge is proved to be practical in decision making and strategy planning. In the end, it enable enterprise to deliver competitive advantage and strategy.

碩士<br>國立臺南大學<br>經營與管理高階經營碩士在職專班(EMBA)<br>107<br>This year is the 30th anniversary of the Chinese Professional Baseball League, and the 30th anniversary for the Uni-President 7-ELEVEn Professional Baseball Team as well. There have been 17 teams that withdrew from the league in the past 30 years, and that was mainly caused by the high costs of operating a professional baseball team and the game-fixing scandal which traumatized baseball in Taiwan. Those reasons make operating a professional baseball team much harder and eventually enterprises decided to drop out with the team in debt. The Unilions Baseball Team stands alone as the only team that the ownership has never been transferred. They are losing more than they earn as a baseball team, but the Uni-President Enterprises Corporation's constant support motivates them to keep the team alive until today. Their sustainable management and thoughts are worthy of being investigated seriously. My research will be based on the scientific documents and the five constant factors of "The Art of War" by Sun Tzu. The five factors are Tao, Heaven, Earth, Commander and Institutions. Tao (Philosophy) is the core and root of business development which affects the style and method of the Commander (Leadership). The Commander (Leadership) will further set up the Institutions (System) to manage the staff and employees of the organization. On the other hand, the organization is also influenced by Heaven (Overall Circumstances ) and Earth (Competition Circumstances ). Therefore the organization must take Heaven (Overall Circumstances)and Earth (Competition Circumstances) into consideration when it starts with Tao (Philosophy) and extends into Commander (Leadership) and Institutions (System) to work out a suitable and effective plan for strategic analysis of their sustainable management. Hopefully, it will benefit the present and future teams that would like to join the league by sharing those ideas.

碩士<br>銘傳大學<br>管理學院高階經理碩士學程<br>91<br>The principles of The Art of War (Sun Tz) are the fundamental citations for developing the comtemproary management theory. The relationship between systematic thinking logic and context of The Art of War and formation of the management theory is discussed. The study discussed the formation process and systematic logic of management theory and strategic management through literatural review, and to discuss the relationship with the framework of The Art of War. The research point out the efficiency is the focal point of the comtemporary management theory. Depends on the developing sequence, four schools is divided whose are science management school, behavior school, system management school, and contingent school, science management school focus on tools and working methods, behavior school focus on the behavior and leadership, system management school focus on integrated resource planning, and contingent school focus on environment adaptation. The research also discussed three stages of logic change about strategic thinking and planning: focus on the specific direction, to adapt the environmental change to set up the business position, and the resources exploration and utilization. The framework of relationship between The Art of War and thinking logic of management and strategy is proposed.

碩士<br>國立交通大學<br>管理學院科技管理學程<br>102<br>Sun-Wu Art of War, a famous military strategy paradigm, with its systematic and logic disciplines, has been an important guideline for modern enterprise competitive strategy planning and execution. It combines military methodologies, plans and strategies in its 13 chapters, not only triggers the enterprise operation concept but also guides business operation. This research studies common area of Sun-Wu Art of War military and modern enterprise management theory, includes the theory structure of competitive advantage and the comparison of different Sun-Wu Art of War oriented literature. In order to find out the relationship between enterprise critical successful factors and Sun-Wu Art of War, 12 enterprise and personnel cases will be studied. Additionally, these is a topic on analyzing the key factors, about business strategy, business model, marketing model and management leadership, from the case respectively competitive strategy point of view. The results will be used to trigger enterprise competitive strategies.

碩士<br>國立臺灣師範大學<br>翻譯研究所<br>105<br>In Translation Studies, many studies and articles have been written on the topic of translating cultural-specific items. Bilinguals, polyglots, and anyone interested in culture or language will realize that language and culture are interconnected. The cultural influences in language are ever present and have a big impact in terms of Translation Studies. In Translation Studies, there is generally a two-sided approach when it comes to translating cultural-specific items (CSI). The first approach is source-language orientation, in which the primary objective is to convey the source text’s CSI and other aspects into the target text. Target-language orientation takes the opposite approach, in which the goal is to have the CSI conform to the target text. This general concept was established by the German theologian and philosopher Friedrich Schleiermacher. This thesis covers various strategies, and using these Translation Studies strategies to analyze CSI present in Sun Tzu’s The Art of War, in hopes of finding the best method to translate CSI. Since one of the main difficulties a translator faces are culture-specific items, this study aims to discover possible solutions to help resolve the CSI issue while translating. Besides finding strategies to deal with CSI, this research will also focus on how three well established translators handle the CSI situation. The methods that will be used are explained below. First, the researcher will utilize a hybrid of Peter Newmark and Elaine Espindola and Maria Lúcia Vasconcellos categorization strategies to categorize and organize the discovered cultural-specific items found within the Chinese version of The Art of War. Next, after organizing the CSIs into categories, the researcher will proceed to then distinguish if the three English translators utilized any of Jean-Paul Vinay and Jean Darbelnet’s seven translation procedures and Monica Baker’s omission. In terms of the main findings, this research has discovered that each translator interprets CSI differently. Thus, depending on the translator’s interpretation, background and career as a translator, they will select a certain strategy.

碩士<br>淡江大學<br>東南亞研究所碩士班<br>97<br>“The Vietnam War” remains not only a historic war during the Cold War, but also the most prolonged and worst international war ever fought by American soldiers. It is for this reason that the Vietnam War bears a legacy worth engaging strategy studies even today. Also owing to recent war-fight dilemmas frequently occurring in Iraq, many American military experts have attempted to look for solutions from the Vietnam War documents to these dilemmas in Iraq. Thus, the Vietnam War once again is brought to our attention. During the Cold War, the United States, worrying that the containment line could occur a breach, went to South Vietnam’s rescue and assistance to jointly fight against North Vietnam’s Communist invasion. In the 20-year-war, beginning from the first day of stationing Us Military Assistance Advisory Group to the last day when the last American soldier stepped off the Vietnam soil, the Americans could not defeat North Vietnamese armies although the former was far more superior in military force. Since fewer writings or studies featuring the framework of strategy theory about the Vietnam War have been made within the country, this research thesis attempts to analyze the factors that caused the United States to lose the war via applying the viewpoints of “understand the battle,” “careful and well prepared at waging the battle,” and “waging the battle with skill” in Sun Tzu’s Art of War. Though created in some 2,500 years ago, Sun Tzu’s Art of War remains a classic military book of war-fight for commanders bearing a time-tested academic value, which no other military book of the same nature in the world can compare with. After the Vietnam War, the United States Military, using the use of force notions in Sun Tzu’s Art of War, conducted a review to find out what caused their failure, and further applied the notions learned from Sun Tzu’s Art of War to wage their battles in the Gulf War and won. This shows that no matter how the war evolves in form, the fundamental principles and rules of war-fight remain consistent to those disclosed in Sun Tzu’s Art of War. The implications carried in Sun Tzu’s Art of War shall never become void over time. Though this thesis applies the viewpoints of Sun Tzu’s Art of War to analyze the Vietnam War, the author has no intention to emphasize how well North Vietnamese Communists waged the battles. It’s merely an in-depth analysis under objective stance to explore how North Vietnamese Communists eventually won the war, which lies the research motive of this thesis. In addition, the Vietnam War proves the “the superior force” many not necessarily be the major winning factor to a battle or war. It’s how a military decision-maker recognizes the notion of “well calculating and recognizing the winning vs. losing factors of both sides, and making the best solution or decision at his command post.” This is the very essence of what Sun Tzu said “if you know both the enemy and yourself, you shall fight a hundred battles without danger of defeat.” This thesis comprises four chapters, briefly described as follows : Chapter 1: Briefly introduce the background（1954-1958）of what triggered the Vietnam War, and the underlying cause of the United States becoming involved in the war. Chapter 2:Analyze the national strategy concepts of North Vietnam and the United States through applying the viewpoint of “well aware of how to wage the battle” in Sun Tzu’s Art of War. And explore the United States National Security Strategy during the President Eisenhower Administration and the President Kennedy Administration. Chapter 3:Analyze the strategic thinkings of North Vietnam and the United States through applying the viewpoint of “careful and well prepared at waging the battle.” Chapter 4: Analyze the impact of “North Vietnamese Tet Offensive” on the outcome of Vietnam War through applying the viewpoint of “waging the battle with skill.” And explore President Nixon Administration’s dual use of military force and diplomacy in resolving the Vietnam War issue, and the facilitation of “Vietnamizing the Vietnam War” policy to attain the goal of total US force withdrawal.

碩士<br>國立交通大學<br>管理學院碩士在職專班科技管理組<br>92<br>There have been discussions of applying Sun-Tze War Strategy on Corporate management. This thesis attempted to extend it to industry development. The overall trains of strategic planning and decision logic was followed rather than converting the lessons in each of the thirteen chapters in the book. The key components of mobile phones were the subject of this study. The strengths and weaknesses of Taiwan’s key component industry in the global supply-chain of multinational mobile phone giants were discussed. Understanding the buyers’ strategies and needs, then the suppliers’ positioning in the global market and the long- and short-term plans can be constructed. The government can organize Taiwanese manufacturers’ capabilities and products and make it easy accessed by the sourcing and purchasing offices of buyers. The government can also facilitate communication between major mobile phone manufacturers and domestic key component suppliers in an attempt to plan ahead and even design-in Taiwanese key components in next generation mobile phones.

碩士<br>國立臺北大學<br>中國文學系<br>105<br>This study first discusses the ideology and modern significance of the 13 chapters of Sun Tzu’s The Art of War. After a thorough interpretation of the chapter of “Strategic dispositions of military”, the chapter of “Potential energy of army”, and the chapter of “Weakness and strength”, the ideals of “strategic dispositions” and “potential energy” are linked and further explored. The theme of the chapter “Strategic dispositions of military”, centers on “victory” rather than “strategic dispositions”. This central idea is identified in the chapter’s first sentence: “During ancient times, those adept in warfare first places themselves in an invulnerable position before waiting to seize to a favorable opportunity to defeat the enemy.” The whole chapter references the word “victory” 26 times, which is more than that of any other chapters in Sun Tzu’s The Art of War. Symbolically, this means that Sun Tzu does not focus explicitly on “strategic dispositions” to achieve “victory”, but rather that he implies “strategic dispositions” are a part of “victory”. In other words, all “strategic dispositions” have to consider “victory” first and “victory” depends on its “strategic dispositions”. The chapter “Potential energy of army” immediately follows the chapter “Strategic dispositions of military”, which are both then continued by the chapter “Weakness and strength”. The first paragraph of the chapter “Potential energy of army” explains: “The management of a large force is the same as the management of a small force: the difference is organization. Whether one fights against a large force or a small force, the guiding principle is the same: it is how information and signals are used. To succeed against enemy attacks, the fighting forces should be strategically divided into regulars and reservists. When one delivers an attack on the enemy, the impact should be with significant force like using a heavy stone to crush eggs: unyielding and unforgiving. In order to do this, the attacker must know the enemy’s strengths and weaknesses. Sun Tzu highlights these four important concepts as: “Organization and Management, Information and Signals, Regulars and Reservists, and Weakness and Strength”. The chapter “Weakness and strength” connects the ideas from the chapters “Strategic dispositions of military” and “Potential energy of army” by creating an ideological trinity. Offensive and defensive positions are more effective when coordinated with regulars and reservists, while regulars and reservists are more successful when weakness and strength is appropriately considered. “Weakness and strength” mainly emphasizes one to take the initiative during combat and to avoid being attacked. To do so, one should enrich strength by hitting the enemy when he is unprepared or at his weakest, and remain invulnerable by being cautious and focused on the situation to minimize any chance for the enemy to find and take an advantage of any weakness. In summary: “The adept in warfare always leads the enemy by the nose, and will not be manipulated by the enemy”.

碩士<br>國立彰化師範大學<br>英語學系<br>101<br>In Taiwan, local translators seldom translate Classical Chinese writings from Chinese to English, particularly making inverse translation, not to mention translating Chinese military works. However, Sun Tzu’s Art of War is an exception. There are a lot of works discussing this military treatise and more than seventeen different English translated versions published, although almost all the translations are made by western translators. Apart from this, relatively few translation studies and assessments put emphasis on Sun Tzu’s Art of War. The purpose of the present paper is twofold. The first purpose is to offer the western readers an objective and well-grounded view about this treatise. For local Chinese speaking students, attracting interest in making inverse translation of the Classical Chinese writings is an incentive for this study. Meanwhile, enhancing awareness of Classical Chinese military knowledge may hopefully serve to broaden research exploration in this field by Chinese speaking translation scholars. According to Newmark’s theory of text analysis, the original text could be further classified as a discussion text with expressive function. The core of this text is the mind of the writer, embodied in philosophical and academic statements of the text. This study examines translations with distinct differences in form and translation approach including Giles’, Minford’s and Ames’ translations of samples of the Sun Tzu Classical Chinese treatise. The first six chapters mainly discuss the strategic and tactical thinking and then become the chief focus of the analysis. Efforts to crystallize an idea from some of the four main scholars’ translation theories are reviewed in this paper, which brings faithfulness into the focus of the translation comparison and assessment in this paper. This study provides more contextual and/or background information and word-for-word back-translation essential for better understanding of the data analysis. Aside from translation error analysis, this paper also presents and elaborates how the examples satisfied the criteria of a faithful translation in particular. It is hoped that this study may arouse interest in translation assessment of ancient Chinese military works. Meanwhile, this kind of work may begin to gain its visibility in this field.

博士<br>國防大學政治作戰學院<br>政治研究所<br>102<br>Sun Tzu’s The Art of War is recognized as the No. 1 Chinese Classics on military affairs. Researches about it are numerous in the past 20 centuries. However, renowned traditional interpretations of The Art of War doesn’t mean they are beyond doubt, so researchers still have room to manipulate their agency to rediscover new meanings and implications of not only this book, but also other Chinese Classics. Four issues are discussed in this dissertation: Tao; to keep whole is the best policy; when outnumbering enemy by two times, divide it; when facing containment, one must breakthrough it. Approach used to this study is a structuralist one. Through analysis of structural material, new perspectives of those four issues, as well as their multi-level structures, are excavated. New discoveries found by this research are:（1）Sun Tzu’s Tao can be understood as order and will, with caring people first as its underlying core value.（2）The one to be kept whole and intact by a command officer is his enemy, rather than his own troops. This viewpoint reveals that Sun Tzu is a man of rationality, pursuing to maximize national interest.（3）倍則分之(bei ze fen zhi) means to divide the enemy. What behind this tactic is the emphasis on preponderance of number universal in biological competition.（4）圍師必闕 (wei shi bi que) can be looked upon as a breakout law which advises the besieged to attack determinedly to create an open or pass to freedom and surival. The newly gained perspectives imply there is still an abundant reservoir in this book to be fathomed and explored. Furthermore, other Chinese Classics are also waiting for students to revisit and taste them to uncover new explanations and ideas. In this way, a new version of Chinese Culture is something can be expected.

碩士<br>玄奘大學<br>中國語文學系碩士在職專班<br>101<br>The Research of “Gui Dao” military strategies and using them in actual combats of “ Sun Tzu’s Art of War “ Abstract Sun Tzu, a famous Chinese military strategist of the last Spring and Autumn Period. He helped Wu country to achieve great success in wars in that turbulent period of history. “ Sun Tzu’s Art of War “ is a book of introducing Sun Tzu’s concepts of war, it includes the revolutionary thoughts of war, and also includes the universal rules and principles of war. So in China, “ Sun Tzu’s Art of War “ is a very important book to militarists, and it also has great influence even now. The research is about “Gui Dao” military strategies and using them in actual combats of “ Sun Tzu’s Art of War “. After the first chapter “Introduction”, comes introducing the life story and age of Sun Tzu, and try to figure out why Sun Tzu write this book. Then introducing the 13 “Gui Dao” military strategies in this book. After that, introducing how Sun Tzu use the 13 “Gui Dao” military strategies in actual combats, and how Sun Tzu take actions that suit local circumstances. The final chapter is the conclusion, it is about the results of this research. Keywords: Sun Tzu’s Art of War, “Gui Dao” , Sun Tzu, the Spring and Autumn Period, military strategist

碩士<br>華夏科技大學<br>資訊管理系碩士在職專班<br>107<br>During Xi Jinping’s visits to Kazakhstan and Indonesia, he successively proposed two important national strategies, the "Silk Road Economic Belt" and the "21st Century Maritime Silk Road", collectively known as the "Belt and Road". This article hopes to use "The Grandson." The strategic guidance of the Art of War is to study the practice of Sun Yat-sen's art of the "One Belt, One Road" in mainland China through the viewpoint of "striking troops". This is the motivation for me to study this strategy. Over 2,100 years ago ,Changqian took up the post of Western Regions and opened up the Silk Road on the land that connects East and West to the Eurasia .Further to rise and develop the Maritime Silk Road in Qin and Han Dynasties. Both Silk Roads became the economic and cultural exchanges between the East and the West. Since then, these roads become the significant traffic passageway for Chinese and Western. Nowadays, countries around the world are getting closer and closer. No one can rely on its own strength for developing and promoting .Strengthening regional cooperation has become a grand trend of international economic development. In September and October of 2013,XiJinping proposed the strategic concept of jointly building “the Silk road Economic Belt”and“the 21stCentury maritime Silk Road”during the visits to Central Asia and Southeast Asian countries. It has received wide attention from the international community and positive response by the countries in the region. It’s called the “Belt and Road” and it is the strategic idea proposed for the CCP in accordance with the changes in global economic development, international and regional situation variation, also to confront the situation of the fundamental national conditions and development of the mainland for strengthening cooperation and complotting development with countries in the region. “Sun Tzu’s Art of War”is a wisdom treasury in the excellent cultural heritage of the Chinese nation back to 2,500 years ago. It is still widely used in military,political,economic,cultural and other fields nowadays .“Sun Tzu’s Art of War”can become the guidance of the King, the guidance of the General,and the guidance of the Merchant. The CCP is good at using the“Sun Tzu’s Art of War”.This thesis will explore how the CCP applied the“Sun Tzu’s Art of War” to direct the strategic decision of the “Belt and Road” for achieving the win-win situation of the regional and the global economics with the wisdom of sages and virtuous to elaborate the absolute advantages.

碩士<br>南華大學<br>國際暨大陸事務學系亞太研究所碩士班<br>96<br>According to the affection of globalization, national actions of the politics, economic and culture are gradually advanced, for the more the information and conveyance are gradually developing. Therefore it is more important for the affairs of the world affected by diplomacy. Before the fight of war over diplomacy may avoid a sanguinary war, and may get the interests of economic or politic what we should deserve. It is beneficial for diplomacy actions by strategy from“ Art of War by Sun-Tzu”. Therefore the “ Art of War by Sun-Tzu”is not only lead how to generalship, but also a thesaurus for diplomatic policy. This research is trying to discussing the diplomatic strategy of“the Art of War by Sun-Tzu”, and example for the crisis of Taiwan Strait in 1996, to expect for the ends of double-win by “to subdue the enemy without fighting”which from the Sun Tzu''s art of war.

碩士<br>中原大學<br>企業管理研究所<br>93<br>The speeches of the military philosophy mostly involve running a country. Their importance does not wane in successive dynasties. Strictly speaking, military philosophy does not become a school of its own. However, its disregard of empty talk and emphasis on actual effects has become a valuable part of Chinese culture.The importance of the military philosophy is evidenced by the historical experiences and lessons, and even Harvard Business School classifies the top three military books, “Sun-Tze Art of War,” “Vom Kriege,” and “Golin Shiyo” as must-read books for the students who study strategy. On top of the values contained by them, militarily, politically, on the thought, and on literature, the synthetic analysis and the control taking of the overall situation emphasized by the art of war are undoubtedly the classical references that can never be ignored in today’s severe competition of enterprise management. The three major stages of business management, decision-making, production management, and product sales can draw lessons from strategic thought, principle, and method in the art of war. Besides, the main body of enterprise management is the people, studying people, using people, organizing work of people, corresponding to the indispensable military values that commander-in-chiefs must possess. The business world resembles the battlefield. In the battlefield, the army must fight with the enemy nations and win the war; while in the business world, enterprises must fight with the rival companies for customers’ recognition and obtain the victory. Thus, the book on military strategy and tactics written for the situation of a battlefield can also offer plenty of inspirations for the management of enterprises and other different fields. This research, by qualitative study approach, focuses on the discussion of the art of war and enterprise’s management strategies. It takes the thought of “The Art of War” from the Epoch of Spring and Autumn as a starting point to compare with that of “Golin Shiyo” by Japanese Miyamoto Musasi and “Vom Kriege “ by German Karl Von Clausewitz. Centering around the “argument (content ) / method (operation )” of “military thought,” the research classifies, summarizes, and analyses two books, "The Nature of The Strategy " and " Strategic Management " based on basic assumptions /prerequisite , unit of analysis / composition factors, applicable situations / terms, analytical methods /characteristics ,etc. It also probes into the similarities and differences between the “strategic thoughts” of three major military books and the “strategy” of enterprises. Furthermore, it integrates the structures of “military thought” and “enterprise's strategies” and develops 9 strategies, “core understanding,” “strategic structure,” “capability of commander-in-chief,” “timely action,” “information value,” “combat advantage,” “battlefield offense/defense,” “deceitful dodge,” and “topographical environment.” Taking “business strategy” as the foundation, combining the perspective of “military strategic thought,” top management can integrate strategy and plan procedures. With “core understanding” strategy in mind, top management can learn enterprise core capabilities and facing challenges; with “strategic structure” in mind, top management can analyze internal/external organizational atmospheres and clearly define problems; with “capability of commander-in-chief” strategy in mind, top management can pick appropriate candidates for the cadre of each level, constituting a strong cooperative body; with “timely action” strategy in mind, top management can plan each alternative; with “information value” strategy in mind, top management can evaluate each alternative; use remaining strategies, “combat advantage,” “battlefield offense/defense,” “deceitful dodge,” and “topographical environment” with flexibility to confirm future goal and direction. And top management can execute the confirmed strategy through the activated organization. Finally, the researcher analyses and compares military philosophy and business strategies based on the conceptual framework and draws the conclusions, which offer the recommendations to the military philosophy and the strategies.

碩士<br>中國文化大學<br>政治學系<br>99<br>Abstract This study aims to investigate the role and practical operation of the safeguard staff who are employed to work in Central Police Organizations. The content through three aspects of research, including the relationship between ideas for the use of “Spies” from Sun Tzu's The Art of War and safeguard works, practices conditions and the relationship between the intelligence and policy-making. In this study I conducted a series of in-depth interviews with police safeguard staff from the Domestic Intelligence Section of the Public Security Office of the National Police Agency, Ministry of The Interior as interviewee to understand their ideas for the use of spies as well as cognition and expectations for safeguard works on the practical experience. The results showed that safeguard works are national security works, and the police shall work in accordance with Paragraph 2 of Article 2 of National Intelligence Services Act: "Those who work related to national intelligence matters, are considered as intelligence agencies." Although the collection of safeguards Information is based on social security, any of which is a matter of national concern, and it will be deemed of national intelligence, then. The common goal for police safeguards staff is to have well examined each piece of intelligence information collected to find the key information of core values, and to provide superiors making the right decisions to ensure national security and social stability. However, the handling (business) services by the police are heavy and in a wide range of level that results in the number of personnel and funding resources were inadequate; moreover, police officers update frequently, as there is no incentive to retain a considerable talent. The staff quality and lack of talent are the fundamental problems. Many of which are being led by the unprofessional, so the future work should professionalize safeguard works. As the so-called "intelligence through consultation, consultation by means of the guidance, the guidance by means of the cadres, cadres through education ", how to enhance working knowledge, education and training, is the only way to strengthen the safeguards work; and further, with changes in times and circumstances and the different public perception of police, intelligence gathering for police is more difficult. What an effective consultation arrangement, finding the core of consultants and administrating permitted by law within the scope are important issues today.

碩士<br>國防大學<br>戰略研究所<br>107<br>Sun Tzu's The Art of War is one of the most respected military classics in the world. Not only is it a masterpiece of China's strategic thinking, it also wields huge influence in Western countries, and some have even translated it and included its study in curricula. In the military aspect, the influence of the ideas in Sun Tzu’s work on the evolution of military terminology should not be underestimated. Taiwan has a very rich body of research on the application of the book in various fields, but in the field of the translation of its military terminology, not many studies have been done. Through the establishment of the parallel corpus, this paper uses two English translations of The Art of War—those of Chinese scholar Lin Wusun’s and English scholar John Minford’s—as the corpus of this study. Based on the results of statistical analysis, combining quantitative and qualitative methods, we are able to compare and analyze the high-frequency military terminology, and to explore the military terminology in the original text and the English translation strategy from a scientific perspective. 1. Lin Wusun's and John Minford's translations of high-frequency content words have high level of similarity and both have low vocabulary density, similar to the original text. 2. The type-token ratio (TTR) and lexical density (LD) of John Minford's translation are higher than those of Lin Wusun's translation. After comparison of the translations, it is found that Lin Wusun expressed the military terms through different translation methods, and his translation of the original text is more appropriate. On the other hand, John Minford focused on expressing the text in a more concise way. 3. Corpus study provides a more scientific and objective analysis of the text, making the analysis results more persuasive. It is hoped that the results of this corpus-based study could contribute to our understanding of the translation of The Art of War, and to provide an alternative research method for further studies on this classical book.

碩士<br>國立屏東科技大學<br>高階經營管理碩士在職專班(EMBA)<br>94<br>Abstract Student ID: N9465014 Title of Thesis：An Application of the Game Theory on the Sun-Tzu Art of War─An Example of Business Negotiation Total page：98 Name of Institute: National Pingtung University of Science & Technology Graduate date: June, 2007 Degree Conferred：EMBA Name of student: YEH, HSIN HONG Advisor: Chang, Kung-Hsiung, Ph.D. The contents of abstract in this thesis: Negotiation is one of the important issues of action to eliminate the conflicts and barriers in the business operation Good business performance operation is not only based on internal strength but also the capability to pass through the challenge or contest from the rivals. In this thesis, game theory and Sun-Tzu Art of War are applied to the case studies. I examine the behaviors and the utilization of different strategies resulting from the competition of players in varied background and culture. It is concluded that long-term relationship is always the most significant factor to bring the commercial negotiation into a satisfactory win-win result. Hopefully, the finding in this thesis can be benefic to the managers in moderate the contest inherent in business operation and guiding them to be superior competitors.

The 4th Generation of Warfare, with its wars among the people, confronts soldiers with complexities, challenges and demands, which they are not adequately prepared for. We see this in the increasing level of mental health issues and operational stress injuries, and in the entrenchment and attrition of modern operations that struggle to achieve strategic goals. Given this, the training of soldiers needs to be adapted: mental and emotional capacity needs to be built and maintained. The Shambhala Buddhist tradition has developed a complete practice integrating meditation and mindfulness awareness training with Western military culture and forms, called the Dorje Kasung. Practices, principles, techniques, and insights, from this and other Eastern military traditions can be adapted and applied to the Canadian Forces. Answering a need to enhance, reinforce, and develop the understanding and embodiment of the military ethos and professionalism of CF members throughout their career.

In 1978 the SADF carried out an airborne assault on Cassinga in Southern Angola. The South Africans claimed that Cassinga was a key SWAPO military headquarters, training camp and logistic base. SWAPO claimed it was a refugee camp and that the approximately 600 people who died in the attack were innocent civilians. The SADF said it had dealt SWAPO a significant military blow; SWAPO said the SADF had carried out a brutal massacre of old people, women and children. This dissertation focuses on the military dimensions of the raid, examining first the military situation in southern Angola and northern Namibia at the time, then looking at Cassinga itself before reviewing the airborne capability of the SADF, considering the decision that was made to launch the attack, describing the planning and preparations, the actual assault, a Cuban counter-attack and the extraction of the South African paratroopers. It concludes with the propaganda claims of both sides before assessing the military significance of the action.<br>History<br>M.A.