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LaBach, William A. "THE CAREER OF STATE SOVEREIGN IMMUNITY UNDER THE UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION." UKnowledge, 2008. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_theses/505.
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controversial since the ratification of the Constitution in 1789. In 1793, the Supreme Court ruled that the states had no sovereign immunity. The Eleventh Amendment reversed this ruling about the Constitution. The Eleventh Amendment itself has also been very controversial. We study the history and development of sovereign immunity jurisprudence from the founding of the United States until the present time.
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Lillard, Scott K. "THE CEMENT OF INTEREST: INTERSTATE INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS, INTERSTATE COMMERCE, AND THE TRANSITION FROM THE ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION TO THE CONSTITUTION, 1783-1786." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1354829932.
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Lin, Lan. "Seismic evaluation of the Confederation Bridge." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/26957.
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The 12.9 km Confederation Bridge, crossing the Northumberland Strait in eastern Canada, is one of the longest reinforced concrete bridges in the world. The bridge was designed for a service life of 100 years, which is twice the service life considered in the Canadian codes for highway bridges that were in use at the time. Much higher safety factors than those for typical highway bridges were used. In the design of the bridge, the seismic hazard was represented by a seismic design spectrum. This spectrum was derived by applying spectral amplification factors to the peak ground acceleration, velocity and displacement, corresponding to the design service life and the required safety of the bridge. The design forces and displacements due to seismic loads were computed using the response-spectrum analysis method.
This thesis presents results from a seismic evaluation study of the Confederation Bridge. The following seismic excitations were considered in the study: (i) excitations represented by the uniform hazard spectrum for the bridge location, (ii) ground motion records representative of seismic motions in eastern Canada, (iii) ground motion records representative of seismic motions from large earthquakes at large distances, (iv) records obtained during the 1988 Saguenay, Quebec earthquake, (v) records obtained during the 1982 Miramichi, New Brunswick earthquake, and (vi) simulated seismic ground motions for the bridge location. The bending moments and displacements obtained from the seismic analysis were compared with the design values. It was found that the seismic parameters used in the design are quite representative of the seismic hazard of the bridge location. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Wright, Donald A. 1965. "W.D. Lighthall : sometime Confederation poet, sometime urban reformer." Thesis, McGill University, 1991. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=60578.
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What follows is not the biography of William Douw Lighthall, 1857-1954, but a chapter in the larger tradition of Canadian intellectual history. Lighthall remained a staunch imperialist, believing that Canada's future would find its fullest expression within the British Empire, and an adament idealist, asserting the primacy of individual responsibility and community rights. Together these two strains of thought, imperialism and idealism, formed the leitmotif of Lighthall's career: as a poet, novelist and anthologist Lighthall never questioned society's values and mores, he stressed them; similarly, as an urban reformer he underestimated the power of organized capital and, in the end, advocated repressive reforms. Although he was neither a particularly good writer nor a particularly effective reformer, Lighthall nonetheless preached a socialist vision of society--organic, collective, as something independent of the individuals who happened to live there.
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Eggleston, Stephen David. "Party cohesion in the early post-Confederation period." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28041.
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This paper critically re-examines the long held belief that parties in the first decade after Confederation were rather loose coalitions of provincial and ethnic factions, and that they were, on the whole, rather undisciplined. Taking
as the focus for criticism Escott Reid's work during the 1930's on the development of national parties in Canada, this paper first presents his arguments (and of those who accept his thesis); following this perusal, the paper turns to the creation and examination of an "alternative thesis", one which argues that parties in the early post-Confederation period were, in fact, fairly cohesive.
Unlike most other work done in this area, this paper is based largely upon an analysis of empirical evidence. The core of this paper lies in a comprehensive examination of the individual and collective voting behaviour of all M.P.'s on all divisions recorded during each of the first three parliaments (1867-1872; 1872-1874; 1874-1878). By undertaking such an examination it is possible to discern precisely the degree to which parties were, or were not, fairly cohesive voting blocs. In addition to examining the overall loyalty of M.P.'s to their party leader, a number of highly salient and critical issues have been singled out for further examination.
The findings of this paper prove quite interesting. Contrary
to orthodox opinion, we find that the two parties were, in fact, fairly cohesive voting blocs even as early as 1867. The main core of Reid's thesis having been critically reexamined
(and somewhat disproved) the writer turns to a critique of several of Reid's other arguments. While the arguments presented by the writer are largely of a speculative
nature, their intended purpose is merely to present alternatives to those presented by Reid, and to show that there may be other explanations for the supposed tightening up of party lines after 1878.Arts, Faculty of
Political Science, Department of
Graduate
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Quesnel, Dominique-André. "Evaluating the impact of wind on the Confederation Bridge." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0024/MQ62144.pdf.
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Medhat, K. T. "A confederation of defences : a postcolonial study of intercultural projection." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2013. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1416820/.
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The ethnographic study of organisational dynamics and bureaucratic process in an Indian Health Service mental health clinic and a tribal alcohol rehabilitation programme is approached through a reframing of dichotomous notions of function and dysfunction and order and disorder. Bureaucratic stricture in healthcare protocol contrasts with the rapacious ‘dysfunctionality’ that propels team relations, which are variously broached by staff through bureaucratic complaints procedures, strategic manipulation and witchcraft accusations. Bureaucracy and group (dys-)function represent modes of processing post-colonial discontent while also manifesting the carnivalization and hybridisation of cultural mores. The projective dynamics that are apparent in historical developments and that continue to feed current intercultural relations remain largely unacknowledged. They become evident however in the conceptualisation of hierarchy and its responsibilities, in attitudes towards bureaucracy, and in particular around the cultural construction of alcohol and ‘Indian Drinking’. Alcohol is a mutable spirit, an ‘object of desire’ and a destructive foe: it offers cathartic release, empowerment and occasion for hedonistic enjoyment. By some of the survivors of colonialism it is also perceived in effect as a biological weapon: a colonially imported, intentionally employed inter-generationally active toxin that has invaded and corrupted Native genes. The notion of corruption, loss and change is explored in the context of how culture, ‘traditions’ and language are shaped, reduced, manipulated and mediated in ways that conveniently fit into the strictures and structures of contemporary official frameworks. In its conclusion the study proposes a relational theory of ‘adversarial intimacy’, an idea inspired by Roger Caillois’ exploration of mimicry as symbiotic drive akin to sympathetic magic, where rivalrous organisms are propelled towards a compulsive emulation of each other in homage to the greater system they are part of.
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Åklint, Richard, and Muhammad Farhan Khan. "Multidimensional Visualization of News Articles." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Informationskodning, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-118707.
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Large data sets are difficult to visualize. For a human to find structures and understand the data, good visualization tools are required. In this project a technique will be developed that makes it possible for a user to look at complex data at different scales. This technique is obvious when viewing geographical data where zooming in and out gives a good feeling for the spatial relationships in map data or satellite images. However, for other types of data it is not obvious how much scaling should be done. In this project, an experimental application is developed that visualizes data in multiple dimensions from a large news article database. Using this experimental application, the user can select multiple keywords on different axis and then can create a visualization containing news articles with those keywords. The user is able to move around the visualization. If the camera is far away from the document icons then they are clustered using red coloured spheres. If the user moves the camera closer to the clusters they will pop up into single document icons. If the camera is very close to the document icons it is possible to read the news articles
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Thetela, Puleng. "Evaluation in academic research articles." Thesis, Online version, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?did=1&uin=uk.bl.ethos.243248.
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Hunston, Susan. "Evaluation in experimental research articles." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 1989. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/912/.
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This thesis examines evaluation in experimental research articles in terms of the meanings made and their contribution to the organisation of the articles. After an introduction to the phenomenon of evaluation in Chapter 1, Chapter 2 surveys recent work concerning the process of scientific discovery and the writing of research articles. Chapter 3 returns to evaluation and its place in various theories of discourse, mainly those of Sinclair and of Halliday. The model of evaluation proposed in this thesis is set out in the next three chapters, dealing in turn with the Status, Value and Relevance functions of evaluation. Status is the function of evaluation which bestows entity, assessing along a certain-uncertain parameter. Value bestows quality and assesses along a good-bad parameter. Evaluation of Relevance is meta-discoursal and marks significance. Relevance Markers are identified, which progressively chunk and organise the text. Comparisons between texts analysed for Status, Value and Relevance demonstrate a movement towards the theoretical and an increase in complexity of argument as the sub-discipline under discussion progresses. Chapter 7 investigates the contribution of evaluation towards text structure and notes a number of ways in which discourse units in experimental research articles may be organised. The concluding chapter, Chapter 8, discusses some of the practical and theoretical implications of the work described in the thesis. The Appendix contains the research articles which comprise the corpus.
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Sauper, Christina (Christina Joan). "Automated creation of Wikipedia articles." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/47824.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2009.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 81-84).
This thesis describes an automatic approach for producing Wikipedia articles. The wealth of information present on the Internet is currently untapped for many topics of secondary concern. Creating articles requires a great deal of time spent collecting information and editing. This thesis presents a solution. The proposed algorithm creates a new article by querying the Internet, selecting relevant excerpts from the search results, and synthesizing the best excerpts into a coherent document. This work builds on previous work in document summarization, web question answering, and Integer Linear Programming. At the core of our approach is a method for using existing human-authored Wikipedia articles to learn a content selection mechanism. Articles in the same category often present similar types of information; we can leverage this to create content templates for new articles. Once a template has been created, we use classification and clustering techniques to select a single best excerpt for each section. Finally, we use Integer Linear Programming techniques to eliminate any redundancy over the complete article. We evaluate our system for both individual sections and complete articles, using both human and automatic evaluation methods. The results indicate that articles created by our system are close to human-authored Wikipedia entries in quality of content selection. We show that both human and automatic evaluation metrics are in agreement; therefore, automatic methods are a reasonable evaluation tool for this task. We also empirically demonstrate that explicit modeling of content structure is essential for improving the quality of an automatically-produced article.
by Christina Sauper.
S.M.
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Black, Peter. "Explanatory essay and seven articles." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2016. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/7726/.
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The essay accompanied the submission of 5 books and seven articles for the degree of PhD by publication. It explains that the common thread that links the various publications is research into prints and drawings.
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Haglund, Robin. "Automated analysis of battery articles." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Strukturkemi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-403738.
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Journal articles are the formal medium for the communication of results among scientists, and often contain valuable data. However, manually collecting article data from a large field like lithium-ion battery chemistry is tedious and time consuming, which is an obstacle when searching for statistical trends and correlations to inform research decisions. To address this a platform for the automatic retrieval and analysis of large numbers of articles is created and applied to the field of lithium-ion battery chemistry. Example data produced by the platform is presented and evaluated and sources of error limiting this type of platform are identified, with problems related to text extraction and pattern matching being especially significant. Some solutions to these problems are presented and potential future improvements are proposed.
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Sen, Anamika Ashit. "Hyperpartisanship in Web Searched Articles." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/93209.
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News consumption is primarily done through online news media outlets and social media. There has been a recent rise in both fake news generation, and consumption. Fake news refers to articles that deliberately contain false information to influence readers. Substantial dissemination of misinformation has been recognized to influence election results. This work focuses on hyperpartisanship in web-searched articles which refers to web searched articles which have polarized views and which represent a sensationalized view of the content. There are many such news websites which cater to propagating biased news for political and/or financial gain. This work uses Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques on news articles to find out if a web-searched article can be termed as hyperpartisan or not. The methods were developed using a labeled dataset which was released as a part of the SemEval Task 4 - Hyperpartisan News Detection. The model was applied to queries related to U. S. midterm elections in 2018. We found that more than half the articles in web search queries showed hyperpartisanship attributes.Master of Science
Over the recent years, the World Wide Web (WWW) has become a very important part of society. It has overgrown as a powerful medium not only to communicate with known contacts but also to gather, understand and propagate ideas with the whole world. However, in recent times there has been an increasing generation and consumption of misinformation and disinformation. These type of news, particularly fake and hyperpartisan news are particularly curated so as to hide the actual facts, and to present a biased, made-up view of the issue at hand. This activity can be harmful to the society as greater the spread and/or consumption of such news would be, more would be the negative decisions made by the readers. Thus, it poses a bigger threat to society as it affects the actions of people affected by the news. In this work, we look into a similar genre of misinformation that is hyperpartisan news. Hyperpartisan news follows a hyperpartisan orientation - the news exhibits biased opinions towards a entity (party, people, etc.) In this work, we explore to find how Natural Language Processing (NLP) methods could be used to automate the finding of hyperpartisanship in web searched articles, focusing on extraction of the linguistic features. We extend our work to test our findings in the web-searched articles related to midterm elections 2018.
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Abu, Dabous Saleh. "Relaxation of prestressed steel used in construction of the Confederation Bridge." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0018/MQ54363.pdf.
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Degoes, Plinio T. "The 1824 Confederation of the Equator and Cultural Production in Brazil." Thesis, Harvard University, 2015. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:17467225.
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During the 1824 Confederation of the Equator revolt in northeastern Brazil, a middle-class junta rose to power and waged a war against the monarchy in Rio, journalists participating in creating pedagogical ideological pamphlets, actively engaging in battles, and governing until the revolt was suppressed after a few months. Despite the short duration of this rebel government, the Confederation of the Equator and its ideology have been addressed in cultural production by authors and painters associated with different political movements in the nineteenth, twentieth and early twenty-first centuries, including Jõao Cabral de Melo Neto, Carlos Queiroz Telles, Antônio Parreiras, Gustavo Barroso, Cícero Dias, Murillo La Greca, Heloneida Studart, José Pimentel and Câmara Cascudo. This thesis discusses the history of the event, the content of the message of these thinkers, the spread of their ideas over the course of the nineteenth century and the deployment of the Confederation and its ideas by cultural producers in order to prove that this event has had an impact on the arts in Brazil.Romance Languages and Literatures
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Waugh, Daniel. "Oceania Football Confederation the impact of affiliate disaffiliation on the inter-organizational dynamics of a federated network : a dissertation submitted to Auckland University of Technology in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Business (MBus), 2009 /." Click here to access this resource online, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10292/796.
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Lund, Kristian. "Extracting Keyphrases from Individual News Articles." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for datateknikk og informasjonsvitenskap, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-14225.
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Extraction of keyphrases from individual documents is a research area in which one try to extract a small set of keyphrases that describe the content of a single document. The advantages with this form of extraction is that it retains most of the semantic context from the document.In this thesis we focus on the news article domain and use the structure of a news article to improve the quality of the extracted keyphrases. An existing individual document keyphrase extraction algorithm is used as the basis. This algorithm is enhanced by implementing a weighting system based upon the structure of news articles. In addition some other common methods for keyword extraction is applied. The effects of these changes are tested extensively in the evaluation phase.In the evaluation of the implemented prototype we find that the introduction of a weight based system yields results that are equal to the basic algorithm and that few improvements can be made. We do however find that an automatically generated stopword list based on the corpus improves the results by 1-2%.
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Borglund, Jon. "Event-Centric Clustering of News Articles." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för informationsteknologi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-209654.
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Entertainity AB plans to build a news service to provide news to end-users in an innovative way. The service must include a way to automatically group series of news from different sources and publications, based on the stories they are covering.This thesis include three contributions: a survey of known clustering methods, an evaluation of human versus human results when grouping news articles in an event-centric manner, and last an evaluation of an incremental clustering algorithm to see if it is possible to consider a reduced input size and still get a sufficient result.The conclusions are that the result of the human evaluation indicates that users are different enough to warrant a need to take that into account when evaluating algorithms. It is also important that this difference is considered when conducting cluster analysis to avoid overfitting. The evaluation of an incremental event-centric algorithm shows it is desirable to adjust the similarity threshold, depending on what result one want. When running tests with different input sizes, the result implies that a short summary of a news article is a natural feature selection when performing cluster analysis.
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Martins, Daniel Pires. "Prevention of colrectal câncer, review articles." Dissertação, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/21036.
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Biggs, Stephen D. "Two articles focusing on participatory approaches." Olive Organisation Development and Training, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/75076.
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In recent years there has been a growing literature that advocates various forms of participatory development. This is illustrated by the promotion of approaches/tools such as participatory rural appraisal (PRA), participatory technology development (PTD), and participatory process projects 1 These "new" approaches are fast taking on the form of a new generalised orthodoxy for solving development problems. It would seem from the perspective of some of the promoters of this orthodoxy that the problem of development is no longer one of not having the right approaches and methods, but one of getting recalcitrant policy makers, bureaucrats, academics to appreciate and adopt these new methods and techniques. My concerns with this new advocacy are that: i It does not relate to experience; ii It does not address issues of power structure and control over information and other resources in multiple and complex arenas of science and technology (S&T); iii By placing major emphasis on management approaches and tools, the new orthodoxy is cutting itself off from a critical reflective understanding of the deeper determinants of technical and social change. Unfortunately, I suspect that if this new orthodoxy does not develop a more critical reflective view of itself then, like previous dominant orthodoxies, it will soon have to develop a range of "escape hatches" to explain why these participatory approaches are not giving the results that their advocates promise.AVOCADO series; v 06/95
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Martins, Daniel Pires. "Prevention of colrectal câncer, review articles." Master's thesis, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/21036.
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Gumbrell-McCormick, Rebecca Anne. "The International Confederation of Free Trade Unions : structure, ideology and capacity to act." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2001. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/56529/.
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This thesis shows the ways in which the strategies and tactics of the International Confederation of Free Trade Unions (ICFTU) have evolved, in response to changes in the world economy and society and as part of the development of an international industrial relations system. It uses a series of cases to examine key features of the organisation and to show how it has responded to important challenges. These include: the creation of a separate European trade union organisation and the nature of the ICFTU's relation to it; the relations and the search for unity between the ICFTU and its Christian rival, the WCL; the campaign against apartheid in South Africa and violations of human rights in Chile and other countries; the rise of women's participation and representation within the world body, and most importantly, the development of the international trade union movement's campaign against the multinational corporations and around the theme of 'globalisation'. I conclude that the ICFTU is constrained on all sides as an organisation - through limited independent powers of action, disunity among its affiliates, the decline in the membership and influences of national unions, the scarcity of resources, and other factors - but that it has been able to act effectively under certain circumstances and when certain key conditions are met, such as the willingness to act among affiliated unions that was built up around the problem of apartheid, or the leading role played by the confederation in promoting women's equality.
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Abbott, Keith. "The European Trade Union Confederation : the political development of a European pressure group." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.261530.
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Selldén, Emmy. "Life assessment of rubber articles in fuels." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för kemi - Ångström, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-205688.
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The choice of rubber material for use in sealings and hoses in the fuel system is of great importance. If a wrong type of rubber is used, premature failure during service may occur. This impacts the environmental performance, the safety during driving, uptime and economy of the transport. In this diploma work, rubbers for use in sealing and hoses in the fuel system have been evaluated to assess which materials have the potential to be used under long-term use in contact with commercial fuels. Three commercial fuel hoses, nitrile rubber (NBR), hydrogenated nitrile rubber (HNBR), ethylene-acrylic rubber (AEM) and fluorocarbon rubber (FKM) of varying types and compositions have been evaluated in diesel with 7% RME (rapeseed methyl ester), 100% biodiesel of RME and ethanol fuel. Tests were performed by immersing the materials in fuel and measure the compression set and changes in properties like volume, hardness, tensile strength and elongation at break. The results showed that one NBR material, one AEM and all FKM are potential materials for long term use in diesel with 7% RME. All types of NBR and two types of FKM (terpolymers, peroxide cured) may be used in ethanol fuel. NBR and HNBR were the only rubbers evaluated in biodiesel. NBR and HNBR with an ACN content of ~30% might be used in 100% RME at lower temperatures for shorter periods. The aging resistance in air was good for HNBR, AEM and FKM but poor for NBR. Life assessment of rubber articles in fuels
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Coens, Benoit. "The "Hamburg Rules" : articles 1 to 5.1." Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=56666.
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The "United Nations Convention on Carriage of Goods by Sea, 1978", referred to as the "Hamburg Rules", will enter into force between the Contracting States on the 1st November 1992.This thesis examines the first five articles of the Convention and principally intends to depict their working in a structured and clear manner. It further reveals that their drafters primarily aimed: (1) at adjusting the distribution of the risks of sea-carriage between carrier and cargo-interest, which prevails under the "Hague Rules", to its contemporary legal and factual environment and (2) at promoting uniformity and certainty in the application of the Convention, as compared to the "Hague Rules".
The Convention indeed significantly, as compared to these "Hague Rules", strengthens the fault-based liability of the carrier and expands the documentary, geographic and temporal scope of application of the mandatory regime that both of these conventions contain.
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Roehrs, Dorian. "Demonstratives and definite articles as nominal auxiliaries /." Amsterdam [u.a.] : Benjamins, 2009. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=017109235&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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Grant, Harald. "Extractive Multi-document Summarization of News Articles." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för datavetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-158275.
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Publicly available data grows exponentially through web services and technological advancements. To comprehend large data-streams multi-document summarization (MDS) can be used. In this research, the area of multi-document summarization is investigated. Multiple systems for extractive multi-document summarization are implemented using modern techniques, in the form of the pre-trained BERT language model for word embeddings and sentence classification. This is combined with well proven techniques, in the form of the TextRank ranking algorithm, the Waterfall architecture and anti-redundancy filtering. The systems are evaluated on the DUC-2002, 2006 and 2007 datasets using the ROUGE metric. Where the results show that the BM25 sentence representation implemented in the TextRank model using the Waterfall architecture and an anti-redundancy technique outperforms the other implementations, providing competitive results with other state-of-the-art systems. A cohesive model is derived from the leading system and tried in a user study using a real-world application. The user study is conducted using a real-time news detection application with users from the news-domain. The study shows a clear favour for cohesive summaries in the case of extractive multi-document summarization. Where the cohesive summary is preferred in the majority of cases.
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Norris, Michael. "The citation advantage of open access articles." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2008. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/4089.
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Four subjects, ecology, applied mathematics, sociology and economics, were selected to assess whether there is a citation advantage between journal articles that have an open access (OA) version on the Internet compared to those articles that are exclusively toll access (TA). In two rounds of data collection, citations were counted using the Web of Science and the OA status of articles was determined by using the search tools OAIster, OpenDOAR, Google and Google Scholar. In the first round a purposive sample of 4633 articles for the four subjects from high impact journals were examined, 2280 (49%) were OA and had a mean citation count of 9.04, whereas the mean for TA articles was 5.76. There was a clear citation advantage for those articles that were OA as opposed to those that were TA. This advantage, however, varied between disciplines, with sociology having the highest citation advantage but the lowest number of OA articles from the sample taken and ecology having the highest individual citation count for OA articles but the smallest citation advantage. Tests of correlation between OA status and a number of variables were generally found to be weak or inconsistent but some associations were significant. Google and Google Scholar were more successful at finding OA articles on the Internet than were OAIster or OpenDOAR. The country of origin of the citing authors for applied maths was found in order to assess whether those authors from poorer countries cited OA articles more frequently than TA articles. While cited to citing article ratios from lower income countries favoured OA articles, overall percentages gave mixed results. The data from the second round confirmed the result for sociology. The second sample for ecology was randomly taken from 82 journals and exhibited a greater OA advantage. For economics, a second purposive sample of articles from 21 mid-range impact journals was taken and also exhibited a greater OA advantage. In an attempt to establish the cause of any citation advantage, logistic regression was used to try to determine whether the bibliographic characteristics of the articles from both rounds could be used to predict OA status. Results from this were generally inconclusive.
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Ravasi, Claudio. "Internationalization of managerial careers : three research articles." Thesis, Paris 10, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA100032.
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Cette thèse de doctorat examine la carrière des managers dans un contexteinternational. Plus précisément, elle s’intéresse aux parcours et modèles de carrièredans un contexte en évolution en prenant comme exemple le cas des managersinternationaux. Nous nous focalisons sur la nature évolutive des carrièresmanagériales, les environnements organisationnels et globaux dans lesquels lescarrières se développent, et la relation réciproque qui existe entre des carrières etdes environnements en évolution. Tous ces aspects sont explorés à travers troisarticles qui reposent sur trois terrains empiriques distincts.Le premier article analyse les profils de carrière des top managers européens dansun contexte d’internationalisation accrue. Des données sur le profil et la carrière deplus de 900 top managers dans quatre pays ont été collectées et analysées. Le butest de vérifier l’hypothèse d’une stabilité des modèles nationaux de carrière etd’identifier les éléments nouveaux liés à l’internationalisation.Le deuxième article se focalise sur les profils des dirigeants des plus grandesentreprises suisses. Nous nous sommes intéressés à l’évolution historique sur 30ans (1980–2010) des profils et des carrières d’environ 600 top managers. Cet articlemet en évidence le développement en Suisse d'une communauté internationale detop managers étrangers et analyse les changements dans leurs profils et dans leurscarrières.Le troisième article s’intéresse à l'adaptation interculturelle d'une population de 152employés étrangers (expatriés traditionnels, expatriés volontaires, migrants qualifiés)et 126 conjoints. Cet article étudie différents aspects de l'adaptation, en seconcentrant sur la maîtrise de la langue locale et les pratiques organisationnelles desoutien à l’expatriationThis doctoral dissertation examines the career of managers in an international context. Specifically, this research focuses on careers patterns in a changing environment using the case of international managers (i.e. managers with a career that develops globally). More broadly, the research looks at the evolving nature of managerial careers, the organizational and global environments in which careers develop, and the reciprocal relationship between changing careers and changing environments, specifically in the context of those with global careers. All these aspects are explored in this doctoral dissertation with three research articles that use three different sets of empirical data.The first article analyzes the career profiles of top European managers in the context of increased internationalization. Data on profiles and careers of more than 900 top managers in four countries has been collected and analyzed. The purpose is to verify the hypothesis of stability in national career models and identify new elements related to internationalization. The second article focuses on the profiles of top managers at the biggest Swisscompanies. We focused on the evolution of profiles and careers of about 600 topmanagers over a 30-years period (1980–2010). This article highlights the development of an international community of foreign top managers in Switzerland and analyzes the changes in their profiles and careers.The third article focuses on the cross-cultural adjustment of a population of 152foreign employees (traditionally-assigned expatriates, self-initiated expatriates, skilled migrants) and 126 spouses. This article studies different aspects of adjustment, focusing on local language proficiency and relocation support practices
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Wang, Wei. "Event Detection and Extraction from News Articles." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/82238.
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Event extraction is a type of information extraction(IE) that works on extracting the specific knowledge of certain incidents from texts. Nowadays the amount of available information (such as news, blogs, and social media) grows in exponential order. Therefore, it becomes imperative to develop algorithms that automatically extract the machine-readable information from large volumes of text data. In this dissertation, we focus on three problems in obtaining event-related information from news articles. (1) The first effort is to comprehensively analyze the performance and challenges in current large-scale event encoding systems. (2) The second problem involves event detection and critical information extractions from news articles. (3) Third, the efforts concentrate on event-encoding which aims to extract event extent and arguments from texts.
We start by investigating the two large-scale event extraction systems (ICEWS and GDELT) in the political science domain. We design a set of experiments to evaluate the quality of the extracted events from the two target systems, in terms of reliability and correctness. The results show that there exist significant discrepancies between the outputs of automated systems and hand-coded system and the accuracy of both systems are far away from satisfying. These findings provide preliminary background and set the foundation for using advanced machine learning algorithms for event related information extraction.
Inspired by the successful application of deep learning in Natural Language Processing (NLP), we propose a Multi-Instance Convolutional Neural Network (MI-CNN) model for event detection and critical sentences extraction without sentence level labels. To evaluate the model, we run a set of experiments on a real-world protest event dataset. The result shows that our model could be able to outperform the strong baseline models and extract the meaningful key sentences without domain knowledge and manually designed features.
We also extend the MI-CNN model and propose an MIMTRNN model for event extraction with distant supervision to overcome the problem of lacking fine level labels and small size training data. The proposed MIMTRNN model systematically integrates the RNN, Multi-Instance Learning, and Multi-Task Learning into a unified framework. The RNN module aims to encode into the representation of entity mentions the sequential information as well as the dependencies between event arguments, which are very useful in the event extraction task. The Multi-Instance Learning paradigm makes the system does not require the precise labels in entity mention level and make it perfect to work together with distant supervision for event extraction. And the Multi-Task Learning module in our approach is designed to alleviate the potential overfitting problem caused by the relatively small size of training data. The results of the experiments on two real-world datasets(Cyber-Attack and Civil Unrest) show that our model could be able to benefit from the advantage of each component and outperform other baseline methods significantly.Ph. D.
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Lehto, Niko, and Mikael Sjödin. "Automatic text summarization of Swedish news articles." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för datavetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-159972.
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With an increasing amount of textual information available there is also an increased need to make this information more accessible. Our paper describes a modified TextRank model and investigates the different methods available to use automatic text summarization as a means for summary creation of swedish news articles. To evaluate our model we focused on intrinsic evaluation methods, in part through content evaluation in the form of of measuring referential clarity and non-redundancy, and in part by text quality evaluation measures, in the form of keyword retention and ROUGE evaluation. The results acquired indicate that stemming and improved stop word capabilities can have a positive effect on the ROUGE scores. The addition of redundancy checks also seems to have a positive effect on avoiding repetition of information. Keyword retention decreased somewhat, however. Lastly all methods had some trouble with dangling anaphora, showing a need for further work within anaphora resolution.
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Lagerkrants, Eleonor, and Jesper Holmström. "Using machine learning to classify news articles." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för datavetenskap (DV), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-59449.
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In today’s society a large portion of the worlds population get their news on electronicdevices. This opens up the possibility to enhance their reading experience bypersonalizing news for the readers based on their previous preferences. We have conductedan experiment to find out how accurately a Naïve Bayes classifier can selectarticles that a user might find interesting. Our experiments was done on two userswho read and classified 200 articles as interesting or not interesting. Those articleswere divided into four datasets with the sizes 50, 100, 150 and 200. We used a NaïveBayes classifier with 16 different settings configurations to classify the articles intotwo categories. From these experiments we could find several settings configurationsthat showed good results. One settings configuration was chosen as a good generalsetting for this kind of problem. We found that for datasets with a size larger than 50there were no significant increase in classification confidence.
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Davis, Richard Hill. "A genre analysis of medical research articles." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2015. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/6724/.
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Hospitals and other health institutions around the world have begun to tie staff promotion and careers to publication; accordingly, an increasing number of medical journal articles are being written by non-native English speakers and novice writers. This work aims to analyse medical journal articles as a genre, and follows Swales’ (1990) framework for doing so, by interviewing a sample of the discourse community and finding the Rhetorical Moves that make up the genre, with additional investigation of stance, via selected reporting verbs, and cohesion, through selected discourse markers. I compiled one of the larger corpora of medical research articles (250), as well as one of the most recent (2001-2011). Previous studies reviewed 50 articles at most, drawn from earlier periods of time. As part of the examination of the genre, this study includes discussions with a sample of the discourse community, the users of the genre, with interviews from ten doctors and five editors from around the world who have a wide range of experience in writing, publishing and editing articles. In addition, I identified 17 Rhetorical Moves, with four considered optional, with the idea to identify a sequence that writers and educators can use to see how the medical article may be written. I also examined 13 reporting verbs to determine if it is possible to identify authorial stance regarding the information being reported, and were coded as being factive (the authors agreed with the information), non-factive (the authors conveyed no judgement on the information) and counter-factive (the authors disagreed with the information being reported). Finally, the study looked at how cohesion is maintained through examples of the five types of discourse markers. This study presents the most comprehensive examination of the genre to date, which, through the utilization of corpus analysis techniques, allows a more in-depth analysis than previous studies.
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Gerber, René Joseph. ""Lis avec application les articles... et puis tu jugeras" : la réception des XII articles dans les "Flugschriften" de 1525." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00869938.
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Les auteurs des Flugschriften mènent un combat pour la paix, chacun à sa manière. Luther veut sauvegarder la paix ; l'assemblée commune des autorités et des sujets de l'Ortenau veut rétablir la paix ; Melanchthon veut consolider la paix. De quelle paix s'agit-il ? Tout d'abord, le renoncement à la violence. Il s'agit essentiellement de sauvegarder la paix civile. Les Réformateurs, surtout Melanchthon, associent volontiers cette paix toute " extérieure " à la paix " intérieure que procure Dieu dans le cœur de celui qui place sa confiance en Lui. ". La paix ne peut pas être fondée sur un usage abusif de l'Ecriture. Luther dénonce le Droit divin qui, à ses yeux, relève d'un mésusage de l'Ecriture, et prône le " droit chrétien " : souffrir, et invoquer Dieu. L'assemblée commune des autorités et des sujets à Renchen ignore totalement ce Droit divin. Melanchthon condamne le recours à ce Droit divin. Aux arguments bibliques avancés par les paysans pour justifier leurs griefs et leur programme, Melanchthon en oppose d'autres pour récuser les XII articles. Luther le rappelle aux princes et aux seigneurs : ils doivent s'attacher à la Parole de Dieu ; qu'ils tiennent compte des articles des paysans qui sont souvent " justes et équitables " ; qu'ils engagent des négociations en vue d'une conciliation. Aux princes et aux seigneurs Melanchthon adresse ses suppliques pour assurer la paix future. Luther demande aux paysans de renoncer au Droit divin ; qu'ils adoptent le droit chrétien et qu'ils se gardent des faux prophètes ! Melanchthon déclare : le maintien de la paix implique pour le chrétien quelques renoncements et obligations. L'Ecriture condamne le recours à la violence illégitime.
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Parambath, Shameem Ahamad Puthiva. "Topic Extraction and Bundling of Related Scientific Articles." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för datavetenskap, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-61838.
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Automatic classification of scientific articles based on common characteristics is an interesting problem with many applications in digital library and information retrieval systems. Properly organized articles can be useful for automatic generation of taxonomies in scientific writings, textual summarization, efficient information retrieval etc. Generating article bundles from a large number of input articles, based on the associated features of the articles is tedious and computationally expensive task. In this report we propose an automatic two-step approach for topic extraction and bundling of related articles from a set of scientific articles in real-time. For topic extraction, we make use of Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) topic modeling techniques and for bundling, we make use of hierarchical agglomerative clustering techniques. We run experiments to validate our bundling semantics and compare it with existing models in use. We make use of an online crowdsourcing marketplace provided by Amazon called Amazon Mechanical Turk to carry out experiments. We explain our experimental setup and empirical results in detail and show that our method is advantageous over existing ones.
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Safnil and safnil@yahoo com. "Rhetorical Structure Analysis of the Indonesian Research Articles." The Australian National University. Faculty of Arts, 2000. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20020726.095142.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis discusses rhetorical features of Indonesian research articles (RAs) in three disciplinary areas: Economics, Education and Psychology. These were written by Indonesian speakers and published mainly in university-based scientific journals. The main focus of this thesis is on the examination of the patterns of communicative purposes or Moves and their subsequent elements or Steps of the introduction sections of these articles. The analyses include the examination of communicative purposes and persuasive values of the texts, linguistic resources used to materialise the communicative purposes and persuasions, and the cultural factors (ie. norms, beliefs and values) and scientific practices and academic writing conventions underlying the specific rhetorical features.
¶
This study found that the macro rhetorical structure of the Indonesian RAs (ie. the Introduction, Methods, Results and Discussion or IMRD pattern) is relatively similar to that of the English RAs except that, unlike in English RAs, the conclusion and suggestion section in the Indonesian RAs have a separate section. However, the communicative purposes and persuasions in the introduction sections in the two groups of the RAs (English and Indonesian) are relatively different. Differences are also found in the way that rhetorical works use the linguistic resources to materialise the communicative purposes and persuasions in the introduction sections of the two groups of RAs. Some of the rhetorical differences are because of the differences in the research practices and scientific writing conventions in Indonesian and in English speaking countries, while others are because of cultural differences reflected in the two languages.
¶
The pedagogical implication of this study is that the Indonesian RA genre needs to be explicitly taught to Indonesian students, particularly university students in order to give them more access to the content of Indonesian research, and to develop skills needed by Indonesian researchers and research writers. For this purpose, an appropriate approach needs to be developed; that is to teach the generic features of Indonesian RAs such as those in social sciences written in Bahasa Indonesia or Indonesian.
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Gérard, Christine. "Modelling readers of news articles using nested beliefs." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0021/MQ54331.pdf.
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Al-Taher, M. A. "The translation of intertextual expressions in political articles." Thesis, University of Salford, 2008. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/2196/.
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The study discusses the translation of intertextual expressions in political articles, aiming at understanding the role of intertextuality within the cultural, ideological and individual circles. Critical discourse analysis shows clearly how indispensible intertextuality is to political discourse in particular as a major ideological tool, especially in the information age when the media employ numerous forms of intertextuality to reinforce their message in terms of legitimisation or delegitimisation. Political newspaper comments tend to belong to the argumentative or vocative (appellative) type of texts, which are intended to achieve a maximum impact on the receiver. In an attempt to relay intertextual expressions across languages, a culture-specific problem is mainly found since different aspects of intertextuality are likely to arise in social, historical, religious and literary terrns which form the unique background of each culture. It is suggested that a three-stage process underpins the successful translation of intertextual expressions. First, an intertextual expression needs to be identified; second, its 'host of associations' have to be fully comprehended; thirdly, the appropriate type of equivalence is to be chosen to 'reflect the same ideological force' of the original expression. This is often achieved by means of functional equivalencc, which provides corresponding target language culture expressions that are expected to 'Invoke the same effect' of those of the source language culture.
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Jeon, Yunju. "The use of English articles by L2 speakers." Thesis, University of Essex, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.573019.
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This thesis examines the use of English articles by speakers of languages with no articles (Korean) and speakers of languages with articles (Spanish). Previous proposals concerning omission and substitution in the use of English articles by L2 speakers are critically evaluated, in particular those of Ionin et al (2004, 2008) on article substitution and Trenkic (2007) on article omission. An additional observation is made - that there is an asymmetry in the degree of variability in the use of the and a that has not been dealt with by previous accounts. The implicit assumption that article-less languages do not instantiate the grammatical category of determiner is challenged and it is shown that article-less languages such as Korean do in fact have a determiner phrase, which has an identical structure to that of the determiner phrase of languages with articles such as English and Spanish. Borer's (2005) exo-skeletal model of Universal Grammar is adopted to defend such a position. The notion of range assignment in Borer's model is introduced and is proposed as a source of L1 transfer. A specific proposal is made concerning the nature of this transfer: adult L2 learners fluctuate permanently between the L1 range assignment mechanism and the L2 range assignment mechanism - a phenomenon I term the Permanent Fluctuation Hypothesis. This hypothesis is tested through three experimental tasks - a forced-choice elicitation task, a spontaneous oral production task and a spontaneous written production task. These were completed by Korean and Spanish learners of English at three proficiency levels - upper intermediate, advanced, and very advanced. The data show a similar pattern of substitution and omission as in previous studies. But this pattern is given an alternative explanation from the perspective of Borer's model of grammar and the Permanent Fluctuation Hypothesis. It is shown that the asymmetry between the and a cannot be explained by the proposals of either Ionin et al or of Trenkic, but can only be successfully explained by the account given in this study.
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Awad, Dina. "The acquisition of English articles by Arabic speakers." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.618333.
Full textAbstract:
Mastering the English Article system is a long tern challenge for L2 learners. The difficulty originates from the fact that appropriate usage requires stacking multiple functions into limited forms, the numerous exceptions to the rules and the mismatch between the grammatical criteria of countability and number that determine the appropriate supply of the indefinite article and the lexical-pragmatic values on which definiteness depends. In addition, differences between the first and target languages can also cause problems even for advanced learners. We investigated the use of English articles in the production of Arab university students by collecting data from three different tests that varied in the degree of control and the type of knowledge they examine. Development was followed cross sectionally after dividing the participants into three proficiency level groups according to their scores on the Oxford Placement Test. Statistical analyses were performed to calculate the differences across groups, tasks and compare between learners' use of the two articles. The results were also compared to findings from other L2 studies to determine whether the development map corresponds to/differs from the tendencies of learners from other L1 backgrounds. It was found that Arabic influenced the participants' decisions to a large extent, especially at lower levels. In other respects error patterns paralleled those of other L2 learners. The definite article was mastered before the indefinite while the correct marking of non-referential bare nominals (zero article) seemed to be the most difficult aspect of article use to master. The results suggest that task type influenced learner's choices considerably. Finally, faulty associations between definiteness and linguistic notions of specificity. pre-modification and concreteness in learner hypotheses caused variability in L2 article production.
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Shepherd, David. "TEFL methods articles : text analysis and reader interaction." Thesis, Durham University, 1992. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/5710/.
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EFL teachers from the Brazilian public sector have often experienced difficulties in efficiently accessing the relevant information from articles published in 'English Teaching Forum'. This study attempts to investigate these difficulties from both 'text-analytical' and 'reader-based' perspectives and begins with a brief profile of the teachers concerned. An analytical framework incorporating elements from several approaches, specifically those of Hoey (1973) and Swales (1990) is used to highlight the organisational features from a selection of 'Forum' articles. It is then hypothesised that certain clause-relational macropatterns will facilitate access and be focused upon by 'successful' readers; in contrast, writer 'justification' moves are seen as potential barriers to efficient comprehension. A sample of FL methods articles written by Brazilians and published in Portuguese is then analysed and the same set of analytical parameters are found to be valid for describing their organisational features. A review of processing models of text comprehension and related FL reading research is made following the second 'reader-based' perspective. A set of criteria regarding the processing strategies of 'successful' and 'less-skilled' FL readers is established. Verbal report methodologies are argued as a suitable means of testing both the text-analytical hypotheses and the reader processing criteria. Various types of field work carried out in the collection of verbal report data from Brazilian EFL teachers reading 'Forum' articles are then described. Groups of 'successful' and 'problematic' readers are defined according to the processing strategies revealed in the verbal reports. Although there are substantial variations in the individual strategies of individual readers, and evidence of the influence of text informativity, the 'successful' processing consistently included focusing on the clause-relational macro signals; in contrast, there was little evidence of activation of the same text features by the 'problematic' readers. Finally suggestions are made for including FL methods articles, text-analytical elements, and verbal reporting on INSED-TEFL courses in Brazil.
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Bachir, Imad A. M. "Title-derivative printed indexes for Arabic periodical articles." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.281761.
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Velasco, ZaÌrate Kalinka. "L2 acquisition of Spanish determiners : articles and clitics." Thesis, University of Essex, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.446052.
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TrenkicÌ, Danijela. "The acquisition of English articles by Serbian speakers." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.275438.
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NEVES, JANETE DOS SANTOS BESSA. "SEMANTIC-ENUNCIATIVE STUDY OF MODALITY IN OPINION ARTICLES." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2006. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=9025@1.
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Apresenta-se, neste trabalho, um estudo semântico-
enunciativo da modalidade,
através da explicitação das operações subjacentes à
construção de marcadores modais dos
enunciados. Para a descrição e explicação desses
marcadores, foram selecionados dois
corpora de enunciados de artigos de opinião publicados em
jornais brasileiros e
portugueses. Um deles se destinou à explicitação das
operações e o outro, à análise do
percurso modal. A abordagem teórico-metodológica adotada
foi da Teoria das Operações
Predicativas e Enunciativas, do francês Antoine Culioli.
Para esse quadro teórico,
modalidade (ou valor modal de um enunciado) corresponde ao
resultado da localização
abstrata da relação predicativa (ou proposição) em relação
ao parâmetro sujeito da
enunciação, identificado por S0. Essa operação vai
caracterizar o ponto de vista de S0
sobre aquilo que enuncia, assumindo o conhecimento
construído ou dele se distanciando,
dependendo do valor modal que lhe vai atribuir. A partir
desse postulado, e das
regularidades observadas, propõe-se, nesta investigação,
um enfoque que caracteriza de
forma mais ampla e generalizada os valores modais
construídos em enunciados de artigos
de opinião. Evidencia-se, como resultado, que o artigo de
opinião se modaliza, nos dois
tipos de jornalismo - no brasileiro e no português - de
forma muito semelhante, e o
percurso modal, construído nos artigos analisados, pode
ser identificado em dois
macroplanos: o validado e o validável. No domínio do
validado, temos enunciados no
âmbito do constatado, assumido e/ou apreciado, por S0,
autor do artigo. Esse plano
corresponde a um juízo de valor através do qual S0
constata a existência de um estado de
coisas. Já no domínio do validável, constroem-se
enunciados em que S0 propõe a solução
para o problema, ou seja, uma nova perspectiva para o
estado atual, apresentado no
domínio do validado. Há nesse plano, assim, não a
constatação de um estado de coisas,
mas o desejo de construção de um estado de coisas.This study presents a semantic-enunciatif study of modality, through the explicitation of underlying operations to construction of modal markers of statements. For description and explanation of these markers, two corpora of enunciated of opinion articles published in Brazilian and Portuguese periodicals had been selected. One of them explains operations and the other one, analysis modal passage. Adopted boarding theoretician-methodological was Predicatifs and Enunciatifs Operations Theory, of the French Antoine Culioli. For this theoretical picture, modality (or modal value of a statement) corresponds to the result of abstract localization of the predicatif relation (or proposal) in relation to the subject parameter of articulation, identified for S0. This operation characterizes the point of view of S0 about what it enunciates, assuming the constructed knowledge or being distant of it, depending on the modal value attributed. From this postulate, and with observed regularities, we consider, in this inquiry, an approach that characterizes, in an ampler and generalized way, enunciated constructed modal values in opinion articles. It proves, as results, that opinion article is modalized in both kinds of journalism - Brazilian and Portuguese - very similarly, and modal passage, constructed in analyzed articles, can be identified in two macro plans: validated and available. In validated domain, we have enunciated in scope of evidenced, assumed and/or appreciated, for S0, author of article. This plan corresponds to a judgment of value through which S0 evidences existence of a state of things. In available domain, enunciates are constructed in which S0 considers a solution for the problem, it means, a new perspective for current state, presented in validated domain. In this plan can be seen not an state of things but the desire of construction of a state of things.
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Iwasaki, Noriko. "Analysis of English articles used by Japanese students." PDXScholar, 1991. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4173.
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English articles are perhaps the most difficult grammatical items for Japanese students to master. However, because these are among the most frequently occurring grammatical items in English, Japanese students must concern themselves with them.
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von, Grothusen Beata. "User Engagement Metrics in Story Focused News Articles." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-279507.
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Story-focused news articles are a different type of news articles, containing more visual and interactive elements, developed in order to engage a younger audience for online newspapers. User engagement has been defined as the “emotional, cognitive and behavioral connection between a user and a resource”, and different metrics are used to track the user engagement of the readers on these articles. However, there is no prior research on which of these metrics describe user engagement in the most accurate way. This study therefore aims to find out what metrics to use when measuring user engagement on story-focused articles through interviewing readers of three different story-focused articles and compare their engagement levels with actual metric values tracked. The results show that two out of the three articles can be considered engaging according to the definition, and the metrics they both have in common is high values of scroll depth, low values of bounce rate and high values of page views. The study therefore concludes that a combination of these three metrics describes user engagement in the most accurate way possible. Furthermore, both the engaging articles have a large number of images, galleries and videos compared to the non-engaging article, which indicates that visual elements in different forms are a winning concept for story-focused articles.Nyhetsartiklar som fokuserar på berättande är en ny typ av nyhetsartiklar som innehåller fler visuella och interaktiva element, utvecklade för att engagera en yngre publik för digitala nyhetssidor. Användarengagemang har tidigare definierats som det “emotionella, kognitiva och beteendemässiga kontakten mellan användaren och resursen”, och olika mätetal används för att mäta användarengagemanget hos läsarna av nyhetsartiklar som fokuserar på berättande. Däremot finns det ingen tidigare forskning på vilka av dessa mätetal som beskriver användarengagemang på bäst sätt. Den här studien har därför som mål att ta reda på vilka mätetal som borde användas vid mätning av användarengagemang för nyhetsartiklar som fokuserar på berättande, genom att intervjua läsare av tre olika artiklar och jämföra deras engagemangsnivå med uppmätta mätetal. Resultaten visar att 2 av de 3 artiklarna kan anses engagerande enligt definitionen, och mätetalen som de båda har gemensamt är ett högt genomsnittligt scrolldjup, låg nivå av studsar och höga siffror för sidvisningar. Studien drar därför slutsatsen att en kombination av dessa tre mätetal beskriver användarengagemang på bästa möjliga sätt. Dessutom har båda de engagerande artiklarna ett stort antal bilder, gallerier och videor jämfört med den icke engagerande artikeln, vilket indikerar att visuella element av olika slag är ett vinnande koncept för historieberättande artiklar.
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Hiller, Monique. "Reader Comments on News Articles: Critical or Complementary." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-22451.
Full textAbstract:
Guardian and Zeit online articles attract a large number of reader comments in generaland those that include links specifically. Using both quantitative and qualitative contentanalysis, the reader comments that include links in 80 articles on four topics – TheRefugee Crisis, the Syrian Conflict, Elections and Artificial Intelligence – from bothnewspapers were classified according to type and pro or contra stance to the article theywere posted in response to.The aim was to discover whether a majority of these comments agreed with or opposedthe main premises of the articles they were responding to and to determine whetherdifferent topics results in different reactions. In addition to that the goal was to try andascertain whether these findings indicated falling trust in journalists or not, and whatreaders sought to achieve by commenting and posting links, if in fact they had a concretemotivation.Findings demonstrated that 61.1% of reader comments with links disagreed with thearticles they were posted to, and controversial topics were more likely to attract links byreaders and greater disagreement. Previous research and this study could not clearlyconclude whether audience trust in journalists is falling or whether that was a mereextension of falling trust in authorities and organizations for example. It could also notdetermine whether audiences comment and share links to effect some form of change orwhether they simply seek a platform to express their opinion without any conscious goalin mind.
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Sabat, Fabien. "Blogs' Influence on Business and Sponsored Articles Market." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-134944.
Full textAbstract:
I wrote this thesis to deepen my knowledge about the sponsored articles' market. Indeed, I'm working for one year in a company which is selling sponsored articles on blogs to announcers, it's why I decided to focus on the blogosphere to understand how its rising influence allowed the apparition of the sponsored articles' market. Moreover, I tried to propose solutions to improve the performance of my company on this market. In this paper, I describe what a blog is, how is it possible to classify them, the impact of these websites on the society but also the structure of the sponsored articles market. Precisely, we explain how the law responds to this evolution, who are the main actors on this market with for example intermediary's agencies putting in relation blogs and brands as my company Buzzea does. Also, I presented a survey conducted toward blogs by my company to understand how they are perceiving the sponsored articles. To conclude this paper, I enhance some solutions that my company could implement to be more competitive in this market.