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Frazier, Jason Siegel Robert. "Atlantic City." [Greenville, N.C.] : East Carolina University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10342/2828.
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McDonagh, Sorcha 1975. "Atlantic crossings." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/108877.
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Thesis (S.M. in Science Writing)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Humanities, Program in Writing and Humanistic Studies, 2003.Vita.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 69-76).
by Sorcha McDonagh.
S.M.in Science Writing
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Blackett, Michael. "Biology and ecology of the siphonophore Muggiaea atlantica in the northeast Atlantic." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2015. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/391095/.
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In many regions of the world the abundance and distribution of jellyfish is increasing. These changes have important consequences for marine ecosystems and the services that they provide to humans. It is a fundamental goal of marine ecologists to develop understanding of how jellyfish populations respond to environmental change. Two key processes are involved in the regulation of jellyfish populations: local demographics (i.e. production and mortality) and dispersal (i.e. immigration and emigration). A failure to discriminate between the contributions of these two fundamental processes can obscure the specific environmental factors that drive changes in jellyfish populations, impeding understanding. This thesis aims (1) to assess recent changes in the abundance and distribution of Muggiaea atlantica in the coastal waters of the United Kingdom; and to (2) investigate the influence of environmental variability on both the biological (i.e. demography) and physical (i.e. dispersal) processes that drive these changes. This study utilised data collected from a network of coastal monitoring stations, together with data on a range of local and regional hydroclimatic environmental factors. I show that since the late 1960s, there has been a progressive northward extension of this species’ distribution from its centre of population in the Bay of Biscay and Iberian Coast region. These changes involved the establishment of a resident population in the Western English Channel (WEC) and the subsequent development of transient seasonal populations on the east and west coasts of Scotland. In the WEC the M. atlantica population was capable of overwintering, sustaining a resident population irrespective of immigration. This population was modulated primarily by the availability of suitable local environmental conditions that influenced demography (temperature and food availability) and secondarily by changes to water circulation patterns that influenced its dispersal. In contrast, in Scotland M. atlantica was incapable of overwintering and its population was primarily modulated by immigration and secondarily by the availability of suitable local environmental conditions. On the west coast of Scotland, the European Slope Current (ESC) was identified as the source of immigration, whereas on the east coast the mechanism of immigration was not identified. Despite the importance of the ESC as a transport mechanism from the WEC region, a direct source-sink relationship between the WEC and Scottish coastal waters was not clearly demonstrated, suggesting the importance of a network of sources. Key environmental requirements for local M. atlantica production were consistent between the localities, these were: a critical limit of 10 °C for reproduction, with an optimum of 13–15°C, together with the availability of small copepod prey. Changes in the timing of this critical temperate modulated trophic phasing with copepod prey, influencing the phenology of the blooms of M. atlantica. This thesis provides the basis for developing a mechanistic understanding of the factors that modulate distribution in a species of jellyfish. The principles and methods used could be applied to better understand changes in the abundance and distribution of M. atlantica in other areas, and also for different species of jellyfish.
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Chitwood, Chazz R. "North Atlantic Black." FIU Digital Commons, 2018. https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3678.
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North Atlantic Black is a collection of contemplative, lyrical poems that explore issues of coming out, suicide, yearning, and male relationships.
Woven together, North Atlantic Black moves through different questions of masculinity encountered by the poet through the process of coming out. Early poems explore themes of masks, of theater, and of dressing and costume as means of escaping the traditional bounds of masculinity
North Atlantic Black further braids in concepts of home, how they relate to identity through heritage and expectation, and how they inform the poet’s thoughts on what it means for men to have relationships—how ideas of masculinity have imposed on the poet’s life, and weigh on the relationships he wishes to pursue. Throughout, the moody colors of the Maritimes and the North East, of sealing ports and cold, forested mountains, loom over these confessions and contemplations.
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Su, Lin 1966. "Modelling study of nutrients cycles in the North Atlantic Atlantic Ocean." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=40002.
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We have coupled a 3-dimensional physical planetary geostrophic ocean general circulation model to different biological models to investigate the interaction between physical and biological processes. A 1-dimensional particle cycle model with two particle size classes has been developed and coupled to the physical model as well.The ocean model (Zhang et al., 1992) is based on the planetary geostrophic equations in spherical coordinates. The model equations include the full prognostic temperature and salinity equations. The momentum equations are diagnostic and include geostrophic balance, and a linear friction term in order to provide a western boundary current. The wind stress is applied at the top level of the model. The temperature and salinity distributions used in the surface boundary restoring condition are taken from climatological data. The model domain consists of a flat-bottomed box of 60$ sp circ$ longitude extending between 5$ sp circ$N and 65$ sp circ$N. The horizontal resolution is 2.3$ sp circ$ in both latitude and longitude with 14 levels in the vertical.
The physical model is first coupled to a biological model where new production is given by a restoring condition of surface nitrate towards its observed concentration. The coupled model is used to examine Martin et al.'s (1987) hypothesis that lateral transport and decomposition of slow or non-sinking organic matter can cause a non-local balance between the remineralization rate and the overlying new production rate in open ocean regions. The role of the Gulf Stream in nutrient transport is examined. The model results agree well with the North Atlantic nutrient transport calculated from observed nutrients and hydrographic data. The model results suggest that the thermohaline overturning circulation and the Gulf Stream horizontal recirculation play an important role in the North Atlantic nutrient distribution.
The physical model is then tested in the seasonal mode, and coupled with a biological model which is based on nitrate limiting the rate of new production. The model simulated seasonal oxygen cycle agrees well with the results of observational studies and 1-dimensional model simulations. The oxygen utilization rate below the euphotic zone provides a useful estimate of new production.
A 1-dimensional time dependent particle cycling model with two particle size classes based on Clegg and Whitfield (1990) is then developed. The simulated total organic carbon concentration and large particle flux are consistent with observations and other 1-dimensional model simulations. The downward transport of organic carbon is mainly accomplished by the fast sinking large particles, which comprise a small fraction of the total particulate mass. The steady state version of the particle model is also coupled with the 3-dimensional physical model. The magnitudes of simulated organic carbon flux and total organic matter concentration are comparable with observations.
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Daniels, Jason. "Atlantic contingency : Jonathan Dickinson and the Anglo-Atlantic world, 1655-1725." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2013. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/58038/.
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This dissertation is about how Jonathan Dickinson (1663-1722), a second-generation Anglo-Jamaican planter and early-Philadelphian merchant, made sense of the mercurial and uncertain Atlantic world around the turn of the eighteenth century. The following chapters examine Dickinson’s interactions with an extremely diverse group of European, Native American, and African peoples who collectively comprised a formative generation of colonial society in North America and the West Indies. The main purpose of this dissertation is to provide a counterpoint to the many tautologous, whiggish, and nationalistic interpretations of Anglo-Atlantic history that tend to deemphasise the obvious disconnections, disruptions, discord, and diversity apparent during the lateseventeenth and early-eighteenth centuries. This dissertation further contends that individuals, driven by self-preservation and influenced by local circumstances, dictated the direction and the pace of many inter-colonial, inter-imperial, and trans-Atlantic developments familiar to the late-eighteenth century Anglo-Atlantic world. In short, new exigencies outweighed custom, and self-preservation, rather than directives from metropolitan governments, guided Atlantic peoples’ actions. By extension of individual actions, the nascent British Atlantic Empire began to take shape.
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Kurth, Benjamin Neal. "Trophic Ecology and Habitat Use of Atlantic Tarpon (Megalops atlanticus )." Scholar Commons, 2016. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6531.
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Fish can have complex life histories and use multiple habitats and resources throughout their life span. Consequently, their life histories are often poorly understood. The Atlantic Tarpon, Megalops atlanticus, is a large, typically migratory, elopomorph fish that is both ecologically and economically important. Atlantic Tarpon are under threat due to regional exploitation, loss of natal and juvenile habitat, poor water management, and offshore impacts. In addition, little is known about its lifelong habitat and resource use. In Chapter 1, I used stable isotope analysis of eye lens δ13C and δ15N values to explore patterns in trophic history and habitat use of 16 Atlantic Tarpon from West-Central Florida and Louisiana. The stable isotope chronologies showed 100% use of backcountry habitats during the early life history and an ontogenetic habitat shift to coastal waters at approximately 10 years of age and 140 cm total length. During the coastal phase Atlantic Tarpon displayed among-individual variability and within-individual consistency in basal resource use. In Chapter 2, mark-recapture data from a multi-year genetic tagging program were used to investigate survival and growth rates, ontogenetic habitat use, and migration of juvenile Atlantic Tarpon in Florida. The study found that juvenile Atlantic Tarpon take approximately 10 years to reach the length associated with maturity, and appear to have a high survival rate (~80%), possibly due to effective use of habitats with reduced competition and predation. Atlantic Tarpon underwent several ontogenetic habitat shifts throughout the juvenile phase. In addition, juvenile Atlantic Tarpon did not migrate long distances but instead showed fidelity to systems wherein only short movements were needed to shift habitat types. This work serves to fill critical gaps in our knowledge of Atlantic Tarpon life history and may aid in better management and conservation of the species.
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Heise, Steven K. F. "An Atlantic Reformation: Abolitionism in the Anglo-American Atlantic World, 1770-1807." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1219166049.
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Castelain, Teddy. "Hydrothermal fluid flow through gabbros at IODP site 1309, Atlantis Massif, Mid-Atlantic Ridge." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2011. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/21120/.
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Alteration of the oceanic crust by hydrothermal circulation is one of the most important processes in the Earth System, responsible for cooling of ocean lithosphere affecting the heat budget of ocean crust and making a significant contribution to the chemistry and the isotopic composition of oceans. Oceanic crust has been proven to be structurally heterogeneous depending on the rate of spreading. Fast spreading crust is characterised by a layer cake model with pillow lavas underlain by sheeted dykes and plutonics, whereas ultra-slow/slow spreading oceanic crust is more complex with gabbro bodies intruded into peridotites brought to the surface via low angle detachment faults, forming oceanic core complexes (OCCs). Large hydrothermal systems such as TAG (Trans-Atlantic Geotraverse) are associated with detachment faults and may involve much deeper fluid circulation than typical systems at fast spreading ridges. The Atlantis Massif, 300N is an OCC located at the inside corner high between the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and the Atlantis Transform Fault that has been drilled during lOOP legs 304 and 305. lOOP Hole U1309B and 0 are dominated by gabbro with minor interlayered ultramafic rocks and diabases intruded at the top. The aims of this project are to characterise the fluids that circulated in the section sampled by lOOP Holes U1309B and 0 and to assess what processes control the fluid chemistry, to assess fluid fluxes related to various stages of alteration, and to better constrain how fluids circulate in OCCs by placing the results in the context of models for hydrothermal circulation at TAG. Fluid inclusion analyses - microthermometry and LAICPMS - and isotopic analyses of strontium and oxygen were undertaken in an attempt to answer these questions. Fluid inclusion microthermometry underlines the occurrence of four types of fluid in the Atlantis Massif. Fluid type 1 a is a seawater-like salinity fluid that is observed in late quartz vein precipitating at low pressure low temperature. Fluid type 1 b is depleted with respect to seawater salinity and is observed in plagioclase of gabbros and is the result of mixing with recharge seawater and supercritically phase-separated seawater-derived fluid. High salinity fluid (Type 3a) and halite-saturated fluid (type 3b) are observed in quartz grains of a trondjhemite intrusion. These fluids are interpreted to be generated by condensation of a magmaticv fluid. Fluid chemistry is controlled by phase separation processes and mainly by fluid-rock interactions. Isotopic analyses show that fluids circulated mainly close to the detachment fault and that limited amounts of fluid escaped into the footwall. Whole rock isotopic analyses show that gabbros are relatively little altered while serpentinites show elevated strontium isotope ratios. Small sample analyses show that gabbros are heterogeneous, with amphibole vugs and prehnite showing elevated seawater-like values, amphiboles replacing pyroxene intermediate values, and plagioclase commonly retaining igneous values. Serpentinites might be contaminated by late carbonate precipitation. However, the elevated strontium isotope ratio of prehnite replacing plagioclase during formation of micro-rodingite argues for the serpentinising fluid being seawater like. Oxygen isotope analyses support the conclusions of metamorphic petrology, that the majority of alteration took place at temperatures > 300 QC. The patterns of hydrothermal alteration can be understood in terms of kinetically limited exchange of isotopes between fluid and rock. High flux pathways such as the amphibole vugs were formed at low effective Darnkohler numbers (ND), such that the amphibole reflects the fluid composition while the altered plagioclase in the vug walls have rock- dominated isotopic ratios. Tremolite-talc veins also appear to have formed under high flux, low ND conditions, while tremolite-chlorite coronas and micro-rodingite veins are also quite high flux features. Reaction permeability may have played a role in generating all of these fluid pathways. Although nominal fluid fluxes can be calculated on the basis of the down hole isotopic profile, it is likely that the main direction of fluid flow was parallel to the fault and hence perpendicular to the Hole. The evolution of fluid flow and alteration in the Atlantis oee can be interpreted in terms of the TAG model in which fluid discharge at black smoker temperatures occurs up the fault zone.
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Russell, Janet. "Chick diet and nestling condition among Atlantic puffins at three northwest Atlantic colonies." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ47473.pdf.
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McCollum, Arthur B. "Specific Dynamic Action and Growth in Larval Atlantic Cod, Gadus morhua, in Relation to Feeding and Temperature." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2007. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/McCollumAB2007.pdf.
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Hansen, Jennifer Muscato. "Dietary Studies for Larviculture of Atlantic Cod (Gadus morhua)." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2007. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/HansenJM2007.pdf.
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Geubtner, Jessica A. "Specific Dynamic Action, Growth and Development in Larval Atlantic Cod, Gadus Morhua." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2003. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/GeubtnerJA2003.pdf.
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Ellison, Christopher Robert William. "North Atlantic Holocene palaeoceanography : surface and deep ocean variability in the subpolar North Atlantic." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.435126.
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Bolarinwa, Oluwaseyi Joseph. "Spatiotemporal relationships between earthquakes of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and the Atlantic continental margins." Thesis, Boston College, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:104565.
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Thesis advisor: John E. EbelThe seismicity of the mid Atlantic Ridge (MAR) was compared in space and time with the seismicity along the Atlantic continental margins of Europe, Africa, North America, the Carribean and South America in a bid to appraise the level of influence of the ridge push force at the MAR on the Atlantic coastal seismicity. By analyzing the spatial and temporal patterns of many earthquakes (along with the patterns in their stress directions) in diverse places with similar tectonic settings, it is hoped that patterns that might be found indicate some of the average properties of the forces that are causing the earthquakes. The spatial analysis of the dataset set used shows that areas with higher seismic moment release along the north MAR spatially correlate with areas with relatively lower seismic moment release along the north Atlantic continental margins (ACM) and vice versa. This inverse spatial correlation observed between MAR seismicity and ACM seismicity might be due to the time (likely a long time) it takes stress changes from segments of the MAR currently experiencing high seismic activity to propagate to the associated passive margin areas presently experiencing relatively low seismic activity. Furthermore, the number of Atlantic basin and Atlantic coast earthquakes occurring away from the MAR is observed to be independent of the proximity of earthquake’s epicenters from the MAR axis. The effect of local stress as noted by Wysession et al. (1995) might have contributed to the independence of Atlantic basin and Atlantic coast earthquake proximity from the MAR. The Latchman (2011) observation of strong earthquakes on a specific section of the MAR being followed by earthquakes on Trinidad and Tobago was tested on other areas of the MAR and ACM. It was found that that the temporal delay observed by Latchman does not exist for the seismicity along other areas along the MAR and ACM. Within the time window used for this study, it appears that seismicity is occurring randomly in space away from the MAR. The weak anticorrelations between ACM and MAR seismicity show that the ridge push force probably has some level of influence on the ACM seismicity. However, as revealed from previous research on the study area, the forces resulting from lateral density contrasts related to topographic features and lateral density variations between oceanic and continental crust also appear to significantly influence the seismicity of the Atlantic coastal margins
Thesis (MS) — Boston College, 2015
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Geology and Geophysics
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Fjeldstad, Hans-Petter. "Atlantic Salmon Migration Past Barriers." Doctoral thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for vann- og miljøteknikk, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-16875.
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The Atlantic salmon depend on successful migration between essential habitats in freshwater and the ocean. However, during both downstream and upstream migration the fish encounter natural or manmade obstacles which can block or delay their migration and migration through hydropower turbine can cause severe mortality. This PhD-study has focused the salmon migration challenges, upstream and downstream, based on studies in Norwegian rivers, and the results are presented in four scientific papers. A study of all the 344 Atlantic salmon fishways in Norway was conducted to investigate the state and function of the fishways and to identify links between passage efficiency and physical characteristics of the construction and the river site. The results showed that 66 % of the Norwegian fishways were passing fish effectively. No correlation was found between fishway functionality and their height, length or technical design. Functional fishways were found at river sites with larger discharge than dysfunctional fishways and efficiency was better among fishways passing man-made obstacles. These findings indicate that fishways in smaller rivers and fishways without supervision and funding from hydropower companies suffer from lack of sufficient attention. While entrance design problems are reported to be a main challenge in many fish pass projects, this was not the same situation among Norwegian fishways. On the other hand, many fishways were not functional because of long time lack of maintenance or damages from physical strain. Downstream migration of juvenile Atlantic salmon past a hydropower intake in a Norwegian river was studied by use of radio tagged fish during three spring seasons. The results showed that it was possible to create models for both the smolt timing and for the route choice at the intake, where the fish could enter the intake or choose a bypass section. Route choice was controlled by both total river discharge and proportion of discharge in the bypass. Additionally, a model could be developed to describe the effect of strobe lights at the intake. This model demonstrated that more fish chose the bypass when the strobe lights were on during night, while no such effect was found during daytime. Further, a hydropower simulation model was calibrated for the same river. By use of this model, it was shown that river discharge and partition could be optimized to increase bypass migration according to the route choice model. Both reservoir manipulation and manipulation of discharge partition at the intake was simulated and showed that bypass migration could be increased from 20 to 80% in selected years. The use of models to describe downstream migration represents a useful tool for planning of fish-friendly hydropower production and the methods are most likely applicable to other rivers and regions. In a case study of man-made weirs on a residual flow river reach the delaying impact from the weirs on upstream migration was studied. Adult Atlantic salmon were enumerated in an upstream fish ladder before and after removal of two concrete weirs. The point of time for peak migration was more than one month earlier after the removal, indicating that even small obstacles may imply significant migration delay. Additionally, the weir removal changed the physical habitat from a lake habitat to a riverine habitat. Consequently, a large increase in spawning and subsequent juvenile densities was observed immediately after restoration.
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Beveridge, Neil Alexander Stewart. "Palaeoceanography of the Eastern Atlantic." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.337952.
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Coello, Segundo. "Reproductive biology of Atlantic mackerel." Thesis, Bangor University, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.276820.
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Yeates, Sarah E. "Fertilisation dynamics in Atlantic salmon." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.423579.
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Hiscock, H. Wade. "Increasing the spawning biomass of northern Atlantic cod, Gadus Morhua, through the release of mature farmed fish /." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape16/PQDD_0012/MQ34185.pdf.
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Domingues, Vera dos Santos. "Phylogeography and historical demography of the warm water costal fish of the Azores in the context of the recent evolution of the Atlantic and Mediterranean." Doctoral thesis, Universidade dos Açores, Horta, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.12/1637.
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Tese de Doutoramento apresentada á Universidade dos Açores, HortaIn this thesis the evolutionary relationships of the inshore fish fauna of the northeastern Atlantic and Mediterranean were assessed. Twelve coastal fish species from six families: Blenniidae, Labridae, Pomacentridae, Scaridae, Sparidae and Tripterygiidae, were studied using mitochondrial and nuclear molecular markers. Results were analyzed applying phylogeographic and histórical demography approaches. Species revealed four distinct phylogeographic patterns that were supported by genetic diversity and demographic parameters of the different populations: i) two distinct groups of populations (sometimes considered different species), one including the Mediterranean and the Atlantic coast of western Europe, and another including the Atlantic archipelagos of Canaries, Madeira and Azores (Chromis chromis/ C. limbata, Parabiennius sanguinolentus/ P. parvicornis and the two lineages of Trípterygion delaisi); ii) no appreciable genetic differentiation between any of the populations (Sparisoma cretense, Thalassoma pavo and Diptodus sargus); iií) marked differentiation of the Azorean population (Lipophrys phoíis and Coryphoblennius galeríta) and a clear divergence between Mediterranean and western European íocations as well as Madeira and Canaries (Coryphoblennius galeríta); and iv) one form in the Mediterranean and in the northeastern Atlantic coast (Parabiennius gattorugine) and another one in the Atlantic islands and European coasts (R ruber), thus in sympatry with P. gattorugine. These distinct phylogeographic patterns can be explained by a cornbination of differential effects of the Pleistocene glaciations in several areas of the Atlantic and Mediterranean and the particular thermal tolerances and dispersal capabilities of the species. The species conforming to the first pattern are warm water species that would not have been able to survive the colder glacial periods in the more affected areas such as western Europe,. eastern Canaries, the Azores and most of the Mediterranean. These species might have survived the cold periods in warmer refuges such as Madeira, the western Tropical coast of África and some southern pockets of the Mediterranean. After warmer conditions were restored, fishes surviving the glaciations in the western Tropical coast of África would have expanded northwards colonizing the northern coast of África and the Macaronesian islands, while fishes from the south of Mediterranean invaded the entire Sea and the adjacent European Atlantic coast. Isolation between the two refuges might have promoted divergence and eventually speciation. Colonization of the Azores woulid have been possible by fishes that survived in Madeira, and also in the western coast of África, with the intermediate islands of Canaries and Madeira acting as stepping stones. Species that conform to the pattern of no genetic differentiation among the populations are species with higher dispersal ability, which might have promoted a very fast mixing of the populations after warmer conditions were restored, erasing the signs of population differentiation. The third pattern was depicted for the two cold-water species studied. These species might have persisted during the Pleistocene cooling episodes in the less affected areas, among which are the Azores. The long term persistence of these species coupled with their limited dispersal ability Vera S. Domingues would have promoted the genetic differentiation of the more isolated locations such as the Azores and the Mediterranean. The fourth pattern pointed to a speciation in the Azores or Madeira followed by an invasion of the European shores. Concerning the Atiantic-Mediterranean transition, only one species, the blennild Coryphoblennius galerita, showed a clear and strong genetic differentiation between the two basins, that was accompanied by morphological differentiation. Historical isolation caused by sea level lowering at the Gibraltar Strait during the Pleistocene glaciations might have promoted the divergence between the two basins. The complex pattern of gyres and eddies of the Alboran sea can also constitute an effective physical barrier between the two regions. Other factors such as rirval behavior and the superficial currents during C. gaíeríta's spawning season my also have influenced the segregation of the two divergent lineages. Within the Mediterranean Thaíassoma pavo and Chromis chromis showed a restriction to gene flow south of the Greek Peloponnese, where a permanent anticyclonic gyre has been identified. This study contributes to further our knowledge on the evolutionary relationships of the coastal fauna of the Atlantic-Mediterranean, pointing out that features like thermal tolerances and dispersal ability of the species are amongst the important forces shaping the phylogeographic patterns of the species. ------ RESUMO ------ Nesta tese são analisadas as relações evolutivas da fauna piscícola costeira do Atlântico nordeste e do Mediterrâneo. Foram estudadas doze espécies de peixes costeiros pertencentes a seis famílias: Bienníidae, Labridae, Pomacentridae, Scaridae, Sparidae e Tripterygiidae, utilizando marcadores moleculares mitocondriais e nucleares. Os resultados foram analisados através de métodos filogeográficos e de demografia histórica. As espécies revelaram quatro padrões filogeográficos distintos, suportados peias diversidades genéticas e demografias históricas das diferentes populações: i) dois grupos distintos de populações (por vezes considerados espécies diferentes), um incluindo o Mediterrâneo e a costa oeste europeia, e outro incluindo os arquipélagos atlânticos das Canárias, Madeira e Açores {Chromis chromis/ C. limbata, Parablennlus sanguinolentus/ P. parvicornis e as duas linhagens de Trípterygion delaisi); ii) ausência de diferenciação genética entre as populações (Sparísoma cretense, Thalassoma pavo e Diplodus sargus); iií) acentuada diferenciação da população dos Açores (Lipophrys pholis e Coryphoblennius galeríta) e uma divergência clara entre o Mediterrâneo e o oeste europeu, bem como a Madeira e Canárias {Coryphoblennius galeríta); e iv) uma forma no Mediterrâneo e costa atlântica nordeste (Parablennius gattorugine) e outra nas ilhas atlânticas e na costa europeia [P. ruber), em simpatria com P. gattorugine. Estes padrões filogeográficos distintos podem ser explicados pela combinação dos efeitos diferenciados das glaciações do Pleístocénio em várias áreas do Atlântico e do Mediterrâneo com as tolerâncias térmicas e capacidades de dispersão das diferentes espécies. As espécies que se enquadram no primeiro padrão são espécies de água quente que durante os períodos glaciares mais frios não poderiam ter sobrevivido nas áreas mais afectadas como o oeste europeu, as ilhas este das Canárias, os Açores e a maior parte do Mediterrâneo. Estas espécies devem ter sobrevivido os períodos frios em refúgios mais quentes como a Madeira, a costa Tropical oeste de África e algumas bolsas de água mais quente a sul do Mediterrâneo. Após as condições mais quentes terem sido repostas, os peixes que sobreviveram às glaciações na costa Tropical oeste de África, ter-se-ão expandindo para norte, colonizando a costa norte de África e as ilhas da Macaronésia, enquanto que os peixes do sul do Mediterrâneo terão invadido todo este mar e a costa atlântica europeia adjacente, O isolamento dos dois refúgios deverá ter promovido divergência e eventualmente especiação. A colonização dos Açores deverá ter sido possível por peixes que sobreviveram na Madeira e também na costa oeste Africana, com as ilhas intermédias das Canárias e Madeira a actuar como stepping stones. As espécies que se enquadram no padrão de inexistente diferenciação populacional são espécies com maior capacidade de dispersão, o que terá permitido uma mistura rápida das populações após as condições mais quentes terem sido repostas, eliminando quaisquer sinais de diferenciação populacional. O terceiro padrão foi identificado para os duas espécies de água fria estudados. Estas espécies deverão ter persistido nas áreas menos afectadas, incluindo os Açores, durante os períodos frios do Pleistocénio. A persistência prolongada deste peixes, bem como a sua reduzida capacidade Vera S. Dorningues de dispersão terão promovido a diferenciação genética das regiões mais isoladas como os Açores e o Mediterrâneo. O quarto padrão aponta para um fenómeno de especiação nos Açores ou na Madeira, e posterior invasão das costas europeias. No que respeita à transição entre o Atlântico e o Mediterrâneo, apenas uma espécie, o biénio Coryphoblennius gaieríta, mostrou uma clara e forte diferenciação genética entre as duas bacias, acompanhada por diferenciação morfológica. O isolamento histórico causado pela redução do nível do mar no Estreito de Gibraltar durante as glaciações do Pleistocénio, poderá ter promovido a divergência entre as duas bacias. O padrão complexo de redemoinhos do Mar Alboriano pode também constituir uma barreira física efectiva entre as duas regiões. Outros factores como o comportamento larvar e as correntes superficiais durante a época de reprodução de C. gaieríta, podem ter também influenciado a segregação das duas linhagens divergentes. Dentro do Mediterrâneo, Thalassoma pavo e Chromis chromis revelaram a existência de restrição ao fluxo genético a sul da Peloponésia grega, onde um gyre anticiclónico foi identificado, Este estudo contribui para alargar o nosso conhecimento acerca das relações evolutivas da fauna costeira do Atlântico-Mediterrâneo, e aponta características como a tolerância térmica e capacidade de dispersão das espécies, como forças importantes para o delinear de padrões filogeográficos das espécies.
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Jordaan, Adrian. "The Effect of Temperature on the Development, Growth and Survival of Atlantic Cod (Gadus morhua) During Early Life-Histories." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2002. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/JordaanA2002.pdf.
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Weese, David Andrew. "Molecular population genetics of the Atlantic sand fiddler crab, Uca pugilator, along the Atlantic Coast." Click here to access thesis, 2006. http://www.georgiasouthern.edu/etd/archive/fall2006/david_a_weese/weese_david_a_200608_ms.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Georgia Southern University, 2006."A dissertation submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Georgia Southern University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Science" ETD. Includes bibliographical references (p. 31-35)
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Alexander, Sara. "The influence of the North Atlantic oscillation of river flow across the North Atlantic region." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.530848.
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Fleszar, Mark J. "The Atlantic Mind: Zephaniah Kingsley, Slavery, and the Politics of Race in the Atlantic World." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2009. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-11182008-132256/.
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Morris, Michael. "Atlantic archipelagos : a cultural history of Scotland, the Caribbean and the Atlantic world, c.1740-1833." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2013. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/3863/.
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This thesis, situated between literature, history and memory studies participates in the modern recovery of the long-obscured relations between Scotland and the Caribbean. I develop the suggestion that the Caribbean represents a forgotten 'lieu de mémoire' where Scotland might fruitfully ‘displace’ itself. Thus it examines texts from the Enlightenment to Romantic eras in their historical context and draws out their implications for modern national, multicultural, postcolonial concerns. Theoretically it employs a ‘transnational’ Atlantic Studies perspective that intersects with issues around creolisation, memory studies, and British ‘Four Nations’ history. Politically it insists on an interrogation of Scottish national narratives that continue to evade issues of empire, race and slavery. Moving beyond a rhetoric of blame, it explores forms of acting and thinking in the present that might help to overcome the injurious legacies of the past. Chapters include an examination of pastoral and georgic modes in Scottish-Caribbean texts. These include well-known authors such as James Thomson, Tobias Smollet, James Grainger, Robert Burns; and less well-known ones such as John Marjoribanks, Charles Campbell, Philip Barrington Ainslie, and the anonymous author of Marly; or a Planter’s Tale (1828). Chapters two to four highlight the way pastoral and georgic modes mediated the representation of ‘improvement’ and the question of free, bonded and enslaved labour across Scotland, Britain and the Caribbean in the era of slavery debates. The fourth chapter participates in and questions the terms of the recovery of two nineteenth century ‘Mulatto-Scots’, Robert Wedderburn and Mary Seacole. Bringing ‘Black Atlantic’ issues of race, class, gender, empire and rebellion to the fore, I consider the development of a ‘Scottish-Mulatto’ identity by comparing and contrasting the way these very different figures strategically employed their Scottish heritage. The final chapter moves forward to consider current memorialisations of slavery in the Enlightenment- Romantic period. The main focus is James Robertson’s Joseph Knight (2003) that engages with Walter Scott’s seminal historical novel Waverley (1814) to weave issues of racial slavery into the familiar narratives of Culloden. Robertson also explores forms of solidarity that might help to overcome those historical legacies in a manner that is suggestive for this thesis as a whole.
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Purchase, Craig F. "Inter-population differences in growth and energy allocation of northwest Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.) revealed by common environment experiments." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0034/MQ62418.pdf.
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Sayle, Timothy Andrews. "NATO's Crisis Years: The End of the Atlantic Mystique and the Making of Pax Atlantica, 1955-1968." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2014. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/296731.
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HistoryPh.D.
What is NATO? This diplomatic history reveals that NATO and its meaning were contingent and never static. Instead, NATO was a machine the allies sought to adapt and use to achieve their national interests. NATO was shrouded in an "Atlantic mystique," the suggestion that the allies practiced a unique and exceptional type of cooperation based on shared values and common heritage. But this mystique did not define or ensure NATO's longevity; in fact NATO was thought necessary because of differences between the allies. The allies' national interests did converge on fundamental points, like the need for security. But they rarely agreed on specifics. And when they disagreed on basic questions, like NATO's relationship to the rest of the world, the role of Europe in NATO, and the American commitment to the continent, sparks flew. But because NATO was not static, it could adapt. And the hope held by each ally that they could convince their allies to change NATO to meet their needs - the hope inherent in a dynamic NATO machine - kept the allies working together. From 1955 to 1968, both the allies and the world situation changed dramatically. So to did the allies' plans and uses they saw for NATO. The primary interest of allies was protection from the Soviet Union. But the allies - even some in the Federal Republic of Germany - also believed NATO protected them from a resurgent Germany. Just how to defend against either threat was never agreed. But the allies believed that NATO, by keeping the Cold War cold, and by fostering cooperation between the western European states, established a Pax Atlantica. In this Atlantic peace the allies prospered. They cooperated and they competed, but peacefully. By the end of the 1960s, the allies believed NATO was necessary to maintaining the Pax Atlantica, even if - especially if - the Soviet empire collapsed. Amidst the crises of the 1950s and 1960s, the allies came to believe NATO was guaranteed a long future.
Temple University--Theses
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Hansen, Sorren Lund. "Scope for Activity, Specific Dynamic Action and Growth in Early Juvenile Stages of Atlantic Cod, Gadus morhua." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2003. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/HansenSL2003.pdf.
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Milligan, Rosanna Jane. "The occurrence and behaviour of pseudoterranova decipiens and anisakis simplex (nematoda) in gadus morhua and their impacts on commercial processing." Thesis restricted. Connect to e-thesis record to view abstract, 2008. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/252/.
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Thesis (MSc(R)) - University of Glasgow, 2008.MSc(R) thesis submitted to the Division of Environmental and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biomedical and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, 2008. Includes bibliographical references. Print version also available.
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Smith, Ryan Hunter. "Atlantic-Caribbean Exchange through Windward Passage." Scholarly Repository, 2010. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_theses/24.
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Windward Passage, which separates the islands of Cuba and Hispaniola, has been recognized as an important inflow channel to the Caribbean Sea for nearly a century. Despite this fact, few direct measurements of the volume transport through the passage exist. In an effort to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the variability, structure, and mean transport associated with flow through Windward Passage, the University of Miami?s Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science (RSMAS) and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)?s Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML) conducted a targeted research study of the passage and surrounding region from October 2003 through February 2005. The project deployed a moored current meter array across the passage and conducted four regional hydrographic surveys. Velocity sections collected across Windward Passage during the four cruises from lowered and hull-mounted acoustic Doppler current profilers show a highly variable field dominated by small-scale eddy features and other areas of locally-intensified flow. However, when integrated horizontally across the passage, the resulting transport-per-unit-depth profiles reveal a remarkably robust vertical shear structure. A net inflow of surface and thermocline waters was observed over the four cruises. Beneath these layers, a persistent outflow of intermediate water was found, intensified along the east side of the passage. Deep inflow, just above the sill depth maximum (1680 m), was observed on cruise #1 and, based on data from the moored current meter record, was determined to be a regular flow feature. Together, project velocity sections and water mass analyses of Windward and surrounding passages suggest that Surface Water (SFC), Subtropical Underwater (SUW), and Central Water (CW) primarily arrive at Windward Passage from the east via the Hispaniola Basin. A majority of SFC and SUW enters the Cayman Basin through Windward Passage, while the arriving CW bifurcates, with slightly more than half bypassing the passage and continuing westward north of Cuba. An intermediate water outflow pathway from the Cayman to the Hispaniola Basin via Windward Passage was also observed. Much of this outflow possessed a salinity signature characteristic of upstream inflow regions immediately to the east and south of the Lesser Antilles. Total Windward Passage transport, calculated from the four ship surveys, was found to be an inflow of 3.0 ±2.8 Sverdrups (1 Sv ≡ 10^6 m^3 s^-1). Data from the 16-month moored current meter array yielded a larger mean inflow of 5.0 ±1.6 Sv. These numbers are lower than previous estimates based on regional passage transport differences, and suggest that more transport may be entering the Florida Current system through passages in the Bahamas (the Northwest Providence and Old Bahama Channels) than previously thought, with proportionately less flow entering the system through the Caribbean Sea.
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Buesseler, Ken O. "Plutonium isotopes in the North Atlantic." Online version, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1912/3484.
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Miller, Elizabeth Caitlin. "Tracking Atlantic Hurricanes Using Statistical Methods." Scholar Commons, 2013. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4730.
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Creating an accurate hurricane location forecasting model is of the utmost importance because of the safety measures that need to occur in the days and hours leading up to a storm's landfall. Hurricanes can be incredibly deadly and costly, but if people are given adequate warning, many lives can be spared. This thesis seeks to develop an accurate model for predicting storm location based on previous location, previous wind speed, and previous pressure. The models are developed using hurricane data from 1980-2009.
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Averis, Alison Margaret. "Ecology of an Atlantic liverwort community." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/10681.
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Im, Po. "Trace metals in North Atlantic precipitation." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.290230.
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Chapman, A. S. "Models of the equatorial Atlantic Ocean." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.267522.
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Hilton, Geoff M. "Digestion strategies of North Atlantic seabirds." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.264138.
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Acosta, Jason. "Piracy's influence in the Atlantic world." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0013201.
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Buesseleer, Ken O. "Plutonium isotopes in the North Atlantic." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/55309.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Joint Program in Oceanography (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences; and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution), 1986.Microfiche copy available in Archives and Science.
Vita. Chapter 5: ²³⁹,̳²⁴⁰Pu and excess ²¹⁰Pb inventories along the shelf and slope of the northeast U.S.A. / Ken O. Buesseler, Hugh D. Livingston and Edward R. Sholkovitz, reprinted from Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 76 (1985/86) 10-22, Elsevier Science Publishers, B. V. Amsterdam. The underscored comma in the above note is superscript on the source.
Bibliography: leaves 193-207.
by Ken O. Buesseler.
Ph.D.
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Grant, Scott Michael. "Behaviour, resource use, and condition of demersal age 0 Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) in coastal Newfoundland : components of survival risk in the nearshore environment /." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0015/NQ54837.pdf.
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Turan, Cemal. "Population structure of Atlantic herring, Clupea harengus L., in the northeast Atlantic using phenotypic and molecular approaches." Thesis, University of Hull, 1997. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:8070.
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Most genetic attempts to study the population structure of herring (Clupea harengus L.) have been limited by the low levels of genetic differentiation observed among discrete spawning aggregations over large geographic scales. Thus, the population genetic structure of Atlantic herring remains undefined. Three sets of phenotypic (meristics, morphometries, otolith shape) and molecular (allozymes, mitochondrial DNA RFLPs, micro satellites) markers were simultaneously used to investigate the morphological and genetic structure of herring populations in the Northeast Atlantic and also to assess the relative usefulness of phenotypic and genetic markers in population identification. Samples were collected from the Celtic Sea, North Sea and fjords, Baltic Sea, Norwegian Sea, Barents Sea, and Pacific Ocean (pacific herring, Clupea pallasi L.). The Truss morphometric method was very sensitive in detecting morphological differences, revealing significant differences among all discrete spawning aggregations. Otolith analysis showed a lower discriminatory ability than the morphometries, differentiation of more widely separated populations, revealing a clear discreteness in the Icelandic, Baltic and Trondheimsfjord herring populations. Meristic analysis was more effective for the identification of different species rather than conspecific populations, exhibiting a clear divergence of the Trondheimsfjord and Icelandic herring samples. With allozyme electrophoresis, twenty-eight putative enzyme-coding loci were examined, and the result was in accordance with previous allozyme studies, showing genetic homogeneity among widely separated populations and localised heterogeneity in the Norwegian fjords (Trondheimsfjord). Also, an allozymically unique Norwegian spring-spawning (NWl) population was detected off the northern Norwegian coast. The number of low-frequency alleles apparently was a major problem with allozymes, limiting the overall ability to detect weak differences in allele frequencies between populations. PCR-based RFLP analysis of ND 3/4 and ND 5/6 regions of mtDNA with six restriction enzymes revealed significant genetic discreteness of the Baltic, Icelandic and Norwegian spring-spawner (NWl) herring. The results also showed a high level of haplotype diversity at the ND genes which contrasts with low levels of genetic divergence. This is apparently due mainly to the high number of unique haplotypes, and low number of common haplotypes detected, which reduced the power of the statistical test. Microsatellites were the most effective molecular marker, revealing genetically distinct Icelandic, Trondheimsfjord, Balsfjord and Norwegian spring-spawner (NWl) herring populations. The detected a high number of alleles and heterozygosity at microsatellite loci provide a new perspective on past estimates of detectable low levels of genetic differentiation among Atlantic herring populations. In identification of Atlantic and Pacific herring, meristic characters is most effective among phenotypic markers, allozymes and mtDNA are good choices among molecular markers. The significance of these findings m terms of stock separation and management are discussed.
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Wilkins, Benjamin Carleton. "Geomorphic comparison of two Atlantic coastal rivers: toward an understanding of physical controls on Atlantic salmon habitat." Thesis, Boston College, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/674.
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Thesis advisor: Noah P. SnyderSubstrate size and mobility are important to Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) spawning and rearing success. Channel geometry is a control on bedload mobility in streams. It is believed that channel morphology in many Maine rivers has been altered by land use practices, creating wider and shallower channels, and lowering stream competence. If correct, these changes may be partially responsible for the limited number of returning salmon currently observed in Maine coastal rivers. To evaluate the magnitude of these changes, I performed a statistical comparison of channel morphology between two Atlantic coastal streams: the Narraguagus River in Downeast Maine and the Jacquet River in northern New Brunswick, Canada. Compared to the Narraguagus River, the Jacquet River has relatively healthy returns of adult salmon. Both watersheds have similar drainage areas (Narraguagus 588 km²; Jacquet 510 km²;) and mean annual precipitation (1244 mm; 1200 mm), but differing average channel gradients (0.16%; 0.51%) and longitudinal profiles. During the summer of 2007, I surveyed a 13.6-km section of the Narraguagus with a drainage area range of 129-247 km², and a 10.4-km section of the Jacquet with a drainage area range of 94-265 km². I made measurements of active and bankfull width and depth, and channel gradient at 100-m intervals, and performed grain-size counts at 200-m intervals. I also measured gradient and width in a GIS-based analysis. Results of my analysis show that channel gradient is likely the most influential factor on Atlantic salmon habitat as it relates to sediment size. The two rivers exhibit no significant difference in width-to-depth ratio, when low-gradient outliers in the Narraguagus River are removed. Predicted median riverbed grain sizes were calculated using two methods: (1) from the empirical relationship between basal shear stress and measured grain size; and (2) using the Shields parameter and remote sensing data only. Measured and predicted grain sizes reveal finer river-bed sediments on the Narraguagus River, however, Shields parameter calculations show that sediment should be mobile in both streams. I compare these predictions to field-based habitat mapping on the Narraguagus River. Based on predicted grain sizes, I expect nearly continuous Atlantic salmon spawning (28-95%) and rearing (95-100%) habitat on the Jacquet, and much less spawning (47-62%) and rearing (57-68%) habitat on the Narraguagus. This is likely because the Narraguagus River is segmented into reaches of steeper gradient (S < 0.002) with potentially good habitat, and flatter reaches (S < 0.0005) of poor habitat. The long flat reaches (several km) likely act as sediment sinks, preventing the continuity of downstream sediment transport and causing sediment to be sourced from localized glacial deposits
Thesis (MS) — Boston College, 2009
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Geology and Geophysics
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Lash, Kevin A. "Lessons from the 1999 round of NATO enlargement." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2003. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion-image/03Dec%5FLash.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A. in International Security and Civil-Military Relations)--Naval Postgraduate School, December 2003.Thesis advisor(s): Donald Abenheim, Robert E. Looney. Includes bibliographical references (p. 105-112). Also available online.
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Powell, Frank. "Effects of salinity on eggs and yolk-sac larvae of Atlantic cod, Atlantic halibut, haddock and winter flounder." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0004/MQ42426.pdf.
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Loyd, Nicholas (Nicholas W. ). "The influence of the Atlantic Meridional Mode on the frequency, duration, and intensity of tropical North Atlantic cyclones." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/114331.
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Thesis: S.B., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, 2007.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (page 31).
This paper describes the Atlantic Meridional Mode (AMM) and its influence on tropical storm activity in the North Atlantic Basin. The Atlantic Meridional Mode is the oscillating sea- surface temperature (SST) gradient anomaly between the Northern Hemisphere (NH) and Southern Hemisphere (SH) portions of the Tropical Atlantic Ocean (TAO). Synthetic data generated from computer simulations as well as actual reanalysis data from North Atlantic Basin tropical storms was examined. A moderate correlation exists between increased (decreased) North Atlantic tropical storm activity and the high (low) phase of the AMM. The AMM correlates more strongly with the duration and intensity of tropical storms than the frequency. Increased understanding about the AMM and its affects on tropical storm activity will lead to improved forecasting of tropical systems, which affect many human lives each year.
by Nicholas Loyd.
S.B.
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Fortune, Sarah Marie Elizabeth. "North Atlantic right whale growth and energetics." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/41981.
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Management plans for North Atlantic right whales (Eubalaena glacialis) focus on preventing mortality from ship strikes and fishing gear entanglement. However, population recovery may also be limited by nutritional stress. I derived growth curves and quantified the food requirements of North Atlantic right whales by age, sex and reproductive state. I also compared their predicted needs with field estimates of prey consumption to evaluate the model predictions and consider whether different demographic groups of right whales might be nutritionally stressed. Energy requirements were estimated using a bioenergetics model that incorporated uncertainty in energy inputs and outputs. Consumption was estimated with prey samples taken near feeding whales in two critical feeding habitats—Cape Cod Bay (n=28 net collections) and the Bay of Fundy (n=19 optical plankton counts). Model predictions indicate that mothers invest heavily in their calves, which effectively double in size and attain ~73% of their mother’s length by weaning at one year of age. Calves gained an average of ~1.7 cm and ~34 kg per day while nursing during this rapid growth phase. Body growth was best described using a two-phased Gompertz model and could not be fit using any of the single continuous growth models commonly used for other mammals. Energetically, calves required the least energy (~1129 MJ/day) and lactating females required the most (~2934 MJ/day). Adult males and non-reproductive females fell in between at ~1140 and ~1217 MJ/day respectively. Estimates of energy requirements for juveniles, adult males, pregnant and non-reproductive females compared favorably with estimates of actual prey consumption in their winter habitat (i.e., they differed by ≤15%), suggesting that the model was reliable. However, lactating females appear to obtain considerably less (~45%) of their predicted daily energy requirements in Cape Cod Bay, and almost met their needs in the Bay of Fundy (obtaining ~87% of daily requirements). This suggests that lactating females may be experiencing an energy deficit, which may affect reproductive rates and slow population recovery. Nutritional stress may thus be limiting the recovery of North Atlantic right whales.
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Aura, Stella M. (Stella Marris). "Fresh water forcing of the North Atlantic." Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=56641.
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Several numerical experiments are carried out using the Bryan-Cox Ocean General Circulation Model to investigate the variability of the North Atlantic thermohaline circulation under steady, non-zonal, surface forcing and realistic geometry. To this end the annual mean surface forcing fields were derived from the climatological data sets of Levitus (1982), Hellerman and Rosenstein (1983) and, Schmitt et al. (1989). Further, Arctic freshwater flux, an important part of the hydrological cycle within the North Atlantic Deep Water formation region, is taken into account.It is found that under present-day climatological surface forcing the system may oscillate at interdecadal period. The mechanism driving the oscillations is linked to changes in both the horizontal and vertical extent of convection in the northern "Labrador Sea". The structure of the surface freshwater flux forcing plays a major role in both the initiation and sustenance of the interdecadal oscillations. Allowing for a freshwater flux into the northern region of the "Labrador Sea" inhibits the interdecadal variability. The oscillations, however, appear, relatively insensitive to Arctic fresh water transport into the "Greenland Sea".
A detailed three-dimensional discussion of the physics behind the interdecadal oscillations is presented.
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Bobanovi´c, Josko. "Barotropic circulation variability on Canadian Atlantic Shelves." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0023/NQ36549.pdf.
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Armstrong, Christopher. "Placing Atlantic Canada, community, cultural history, politics." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0020/NQ43463.pdf.
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Gray, Andrew. "Crusonia, Daniel Defoe and the Atlantic imagination." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0006/NQ41167.pdf.
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