Academic literature on the topic 'The authoritarian context'
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Journal articles on the topic "The authoritarian context"
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Fuchs, Christian. "Authoritarian capitalism, authoritarian movements and authoritarian communication." Media, Culture & Society 40, no. 5 (April 27, 2018): 779–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0163443718772147.
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Paolo Gerbaudo’s book The Mask and the Flag: Populism, Citizenism and Global Protest, whose approach is reflected in his Crosscurrents piece in the issue of Media, Culture & Society at hand, is a response to these societal, political and academic challenges. This CrossCurrents comment asks, I ask, the following: Why is it that right-wing authoritarian populism in recent times has become much more popular than left-wing movements? How do right-wing authoritarian movements communicate? Why is it that right-wing political communication strategies seem to garner and result in mass support? The critical theory of authoritarianism advanced by the Frankfurt School and related authors on fascism, Nazism, and the authoritarian personality help us to critically analyse the communication of authoritarianism. In this context, particularly the works by Franz Leopold Neumann, Erich Fromm, Theodor W. Adorno, Herbert Marcuse, Leo Löwenthal, and Willhelm Reich are relevant.
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Zhang, ShanLiang, Xuefei Liu, and Yana Du. "When and how authoritarian leadership influences employee innovation behavior in the context of Chinese culture." Leadership & Organization Development Journal 42, no. 5 (April 6, 2021): 722–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/lodj-08-2020-0342.
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PurposeThis paper aims to explore the mechanism and boundary conditions of authoritarian leadership that influence employee innovation behavior (EIB) in Chinese culture based on the leader–member exchange theory and state–trait theory.Design/methodology/approachThe authors used Mplus and SPSS to test the proposed model with data from 286 leader–employee dyads in Chinese companies. In this study, questionnaires were collected through commission and field investigation.FindingsThe results indicate that authoritarian leadership can positively influence perceived insider status and EIB within a certain range in Chinese organizational culture, although this is counterintuitive. In addition, perceived insider status has a high level of explanatory power on EIB and can mediate the relationship between authoritarian leadership and EIB. Furthermore, proactive personality can moderate the positive influence of authoritarian leadership on perceived insider status.Originality/valueInnovation management is inseparable from the specific organizational cultural context. This paper argues that the relationship between authoritarian leadership and EIB in the context of organizational culture in China may differ from that in the west. This study constructs a unique research model and offers new insights into when and how EIB can be influenced by authoritarian leadership.
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Isiksel, T. "Between text and context: Turkey's tradition of authoritarian constitutionalism." International Journal of Constitutional Law 11, no. 3 (July 1, 2013): 702–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icon/mot024.
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Smyth, Regina. "Studying Russia’s Authoritarian Turn." Russian Politics 1, no. 4 (December 30, 2016): 337–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2451-8921-00104001.
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Between 2011 and 2016, the Kremlin altered its strategy to maintain elite coherence and shore up social support. The papers presented in this volume argue that these changes in formal rules, informal practices, state policy, and ideational narratives constituted a second authoritarian turn since 2000. In comparison to the first regime shift in the mid-2000s this strategic change combined tactics designed redefine the Kremlin’s core support and construct electoral majorities that could deliver victories in the 2016 national parliamentary election and the 2018 presidential election. While the outcome of the 2016 election suggests overwhelming regime success, these papers raise important questions about the long-term efficacies of these strategies, their unintended consequences, and the contradictions that are evident in social attitudes. In the context of the growing literature on contemporary autocracy, these papers present a strong case for increased focus on social attitudes and behaviors as well as the ideational and informal elements of the state’s mechanisms to maintain regime stability.
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Vasiliu, Emanuel-Alexandru. "Lucian Pintilie and Censorship in a Post-Stalinist Authoritarian Context." Psychology 10, no. 08 (2019): 1159–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/psych.2019.108075.
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Yusupova, Guzel. "Exploring Sensitive Topics in an Authoritarian Context: An Insider Perspective*." Social Science Quarterly 100, no. 4 (April 16, 2019): 1459–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ssqu.12642.
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Chang, Paul, and Alex Vitale. "Repressive Coverage in an Authoritarian Context: Threat, Weakness, and Legitimacy in South Korea's Democracy Movement." Mobilization: An International Quarterly 18, no. 1 (February 1, 2013): 19–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.17813/maiq.18.1.p84k823062334831.
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While most studies of the repression-mobilization relationship have focused on the impact of the former on the latter, recent work has shown that characteristics of protest can influence state repression strategies. This article corroborates recent work on the repression of social movements and shows that both weak and threatening attributes of protest events contribute to the "repressive coverage"—the likelihood of repression—of social movements in an authoritarian context. In addition, results from logistic regressions show that authoritarian states not only respond to weak-status actors and situational threats but also act strategically to repress social movements that challenge their political legitimacy. This article extends the scope of the repression-mobilization literature by differentiating factors affecting the repressive strategy of a non-Western authoritarian state.
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Matejevic, Marina, and Milica Petkovic. "Sexual Education of Young Adolescents in the Context of a Parental Style." International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences 55 (July 2015): 62–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilshs.55.62.
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The research was organized with an aim to determine whether there is a correlation between sexual education in a family and parenting styles. Understanding a parenting style, we started from the theoretical concept of D. Baumrind. The research used the following instruments: The Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire (PSDQ) Robinson, CC, Mandleco, B., Olsen, SF, & Hart, CH (2001), Parent / Adolescent Communication (PAC-J / M) James Jaccard, Patricia J. Dittus and Vivian V. Gordon (2000) & Miller (1998). Factor analysis showed that a dominant feeling among adolescents was shame to talk with parents about sex and contraception. We found statistically significant positive correlation between adolescent embarrassment and authoritarian parental style from a mother 0.546, and authoritarian parental style from a father 0.276, both significant at the level of 0.01, which confirms the hypothesis that the authoritarian style is associated with inadequate sexual education. The research results indicate the need for awareness of parents about the importance of sexual education because inadequate sexual education in family is a predictor for future risky sexual behavior. The results also point to the role of schools in educating parents in the context of a parenting style and sexual education.
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Janenova, Saltanat. "Public Administration Academies in Central Asia: ‘Government puppets’ or independent seats of learning?" Teaching Public Administration 38, no. 2 (November 15, 2019): 126–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0144739419886624.
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This article provides a critical analysis of the development of public administration education in the context of five post-Soviet, transitional, and authoritarian Central Asian countries: Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, and Turkmenistan from early independence to the present time (1991–2019). The study is based on a review of Master of Public Administration (MPA) programmes offered by Public Administration Academies in each of these five Central Asian countries, a focus group with local academics, extensive secondary data analysis, and critical reflections of a local scholar with six years of MPA teaching experience in a Kazakhstani university. This article highlights context-specific challenges in design and implementation of the MPA programmes in Central Asia. These challenges include the: ambiguous role of Public Administration Academies; programme design; pedagogical issues; and weak research capacity. It is argued that the MPA programmes in Central Asia often provide an example of ‘mimicry’ of European/North American programmes with peculiar features of their local context. Public Administration Academies in Central Asia are highly politicised and strongly controlled by authoritarian governments. This study will be of particular interest not only to public administration scholars from all post-Soviet countries which share the Soviet legacy and socio-economic challenges, but also for scholars teaching in other authoritarian contexts.
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Fitzpatrick, Frank. "Coping with authoritarianism in international relocation." critical perspectives on international business 15, no. 1 (March 4, 2019): 2–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cpoib-01-2018-0003.
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Purpose As the rate of growth in trade of developing and developed economies converges, international business is increasingly taking place in a growing assortment of political and ideological contexts with variable levels of tolerance for plural dissidence. This can create substantial challenges and risks for crosscultural adjustment and increases the potential for assignment failure. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of an authoritarian regime on the process of adjustment amongst expatriate sojourners and draw out lessons for future research and policies for relocation in similar authoritarian contexts. Design/methodology/approach This was a qualitative research study over three years making use of participant observation methods as a result of researcher immersion in the local context. Findings This study finds that “culture” is an insufficient category for explaining difficulties in cross-cultural adjustment and demonstrates that adjustment difficulties under authoritarianism are heightened in the proximate sociocultural context, with geo-political and ideological dynamics creating more challenging conditions of life. Increased levels of social control act to heighten psychological vulnerability amongst sojourners, resulting in coping behaviours that seek a greater degree of psychological alleviation and companionship through more resource-intensive supportive networks and a tendency toward enclavism, thus inhibiting sociocultural adjustment to the host society. Research limitations/implications Research needs to recognise more fully the diverse nature of contexts in cross-cultural adjustment. Future research should explore different types of contexts and assess what sort of challenges may arise in relation to the process of psychological and sociocultural adjustment and the adjustive resources required to overcome them. Practical implications The paper contributes to the understanding of the psychological and sociocultural challenges of international relocation in an authoritarian context and serves as valuable insight for relocation planning in similar conditions, which are an ever-increasing feature of international business. Originality/value This paper gives a unique insight into international relocation in Cuba and draws out the areas of concern for cross-cultural adjustment under authoritarian conditions, an ever-increasing feature of international business. It serves as an example of how context-based research can inform cross-cultural theory and practice within an evolving landscape of doing business globally.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "The authoritarian context"
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Kim, DaeJin. "Preaching as discipling in an authoritarian Korean context : towards a hermeneutics of hearing." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/80000.
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Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The ministry of preaching is related not only to speaking, but also to hearing, as faithful preaching is dependent on faithful listening, which means listening to both the Scripture and a sermon. Although faithful listening is very important, the field of homiletics seems to focus more on the study of speaking than on the study of listening. However, through the rapid development of the communication technology, contemporary hearers’ way of hearing is changing as never before. Thus, contemporary preachers need to consider the changed way of hearing and faithful listening to the ministry of the Word. The new hearing or contemporary people’s new way of communication is caused by the secondary orality or audiovisual culture. Contemporary people, especially the younger generation, are affected by the secondary orality culture rather than by the Gutenberg system or the print culture. However, most Korean preachers belong to print culture era as regards communication because of a synergy between the Korean authoritarian context and the characteristics of cognitive propositional preaching. On the other hand, contemporary hearers’ patterns of thought and ways of communication belong to the secondary orality culture. Consequently, hearers struggle to listen to a sermon. The contemporary church, especially the Korean Church, has undergone a crisis because of the problem of the hearkening to a sermon. Nevertheless, the secondary orality culture can offer contemporary preachers a good opportunity for preaching because there is a greater resemblance to the aural orality culture of the early Christian community than to the Gutenberg era. According to Romans 10:17, “Faith cometh by hearing and hearing by the word of God,” but many preachers have overlooked the importance of this “hearing.” As a result, preachers’ readings of Scripture concentrate on self-centred information and human selfish experience. Preachers would preach without hearing the Word of God, thus, from time to time, hearers cannot hear the word of God in the preaching. In order to solve the problem, the preachers’ text readings need to move toward a hermeneutics of hearing so that they can learn from the early Christian community and the Reformation. Moreover, contemporary hearers, as individual consumers, need to change from hearers of a sermon to hearers as disciples, who have Christopraxis in the community of Christ. Hearers, as disciples, need to be trained in holistic small groups as the framework of cultural linguistic preaching, so that they may listen faithfully to a sermon as the words of God. Furthermore, hearers’ faithful listening can lead to good preaching, so that the listening and preaching mutually edify each other. Thus, contemporary preachers need the integration of preaching and discipling for faithful listening to the words of God.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die preekbediening staan nie slegs in verband met die spreek van woorde nie, maar ook met die hoor daarvan, want gelowige prediking is afhanklik van ‘n gelowige gehoor, wat beteken die luister na die Woord asook na ‘n preek. Alhoewel gelowige luister baie belangrik is, blyk dit dat die veld van die hermeneutiek meer op ‘n spreek van woorde fokus as op ‘n studie van luister. Maar, deur die snelle ontwikkeling van die kommunikasie-tegnologie, verander vandag se luisteraars se manier van hoor soos nog nooit tevore nie. Dus, hededaagse predikers moet die gewysigde manier van luister, asook die gelowige luister na die bediening van die Woord, in ag neem. Die nuwe luister, of huidige mense se nuwe manier van kommunikeer, word veroorsaak deur die sekondêre oraliteit, of audiovisuele kultuur. Moderne mense, veral die jonger geslag, word eerder geraak deur die sekondêre oraliteitskultuur as deur die Gutenberg stelsel of die drukkerskultuur. Die meeste Koreaanse predikers behoort egter tot die drukkers-kultuur in soverre dit kommunikasie behels vanweë ‘n sinergie tussen die Koreaanse autoritêre konteks en die eienskappe van kognitiewe, voorskriftelike prediking. Daarenteen, hoort moderne luisteraars se patrone van denke en wyses van kommunikeer by die sekondêre oraliteitskultuur. Dus sukkel toehoorders om na ‘n preek te luister. Vandag se kerk, veral die Koreaanse Kerk, beleef ‘n krisis as gevolg van die probleem van die luister na ‘n preek. Nietemin, die sekondêre oraliteitskultuur kan aan predikers ‘n goeie geleentheid bied vir prediking, want daar is ‘n groter ooreenkoms met die gehoorkultuur van die vroeë Christen gemeenskap, as met dié in die Gutenberg era. Romeine 10:17 lees: “Die geloof kom dus deur die prediking wat ‘n mens hoor, en die prediking wat ons hoor, is die verkondiging van Christus,” maar baie predikers misken die belangrikheid van hierdie “hoor.” Gevolglik konsentreer predikers se lees van die Woord op self-gesentreerde inligting en ervaring. Predikers preek dus sonder om die Woord van God te hoor; daarom kan toehoorders soms nie die Woord van God in die prediking hoor nie. Om dié probleem op te los, moet die predikers se lees van ‘n teks beweeg na ‘n hermeneutiek van hoor, sodat hulle kan leer van die vroeë Christengemeenskap en die Hervorming. Verder, moet moderne hoorders, as individuele verbruikers, verander van luisteraars na ‘n preek, na hoorders as dissipels wat die Christen praktyk in die gemeenskap van Christus beoefen. Hoorders, as dissipels, moet in holistiese klein groepe opgelei word om as die raamwerk van kultureel-linguistiese prediking te dien, sodat hulle gelowig kan luister na ‘n preek, as God se woorde. Bowendien, hoorders se gelowige luister kan lei tot goeie prediking, sodat die luister en prediking mekaar opbou. Dus, vandag se predikers benodig die integrasie en ook navolging van prediking vir die gelowige luister na God se woorde.
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Talwar, Smrithi. "Empowerment in an authoritarian context? : community forestry in Myanmar (Burma) as a case study." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.616201.
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Taj, Aamer. "Bureaucracy and clientelism in an authoritarian context : a case study of local government reforms (2001-2009) in Pakistan." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2011. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/208221/.
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The chaotic political history of Pakistan is riddled with frequent changes in government that includes three major military regimes. Since independence in 1947, Pakistan’s civil-military bureaucracy has been at the forefront in administering most of the state’s institutions. Decentralisation of political and administrative authority is reckoned as one of the most effective political strategies for dealing with the predominant ethnic identity problems as well as issues related to the over-centralised administration. In Pakistan, various programmes of decentralisation have been implemented by authoritarian regimes. Concealed under the façade of democratising local governance, the core objective of those military regimes was the quest for securing a local collaborative political base. In such context, the local governments’ functional autonomy and political influence has largely been nominal. With a particular focus on the local government reforms implemented in year 2001, this thesis investigates a range of political and administrative issues in Pakistan’s local governance. The study elaborates Pakistan’s post-independence political history to explain why the process of democratisation in general and decentralisation in particular has not been successful. Besides, international political economy perspectives are also evaluated in order to identify the hurdles that have obstructed the process of institution-building in Pakistan. In order to examine the factors that affect the inter-institutional and inter-governmental working relationships, the study is divided into two main analytical spheres. First, the organisational character and behaviour of civil bureaucracy is evaluated as one of the main reasons affecting the performance of local governments. Secondly, the thesis investigates the extent to which political clientelism is ingrained in the local political organisation of Pakistan. More specifically, it probes to find out how the nature of citizen-politician relationships, voting behaviour, and electoral mechanisms explain the failure of local government reforms
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Raynaud, Aurélien. "Engagement et conversion politique en conjoncture critique : La trajectoire d'un pionnier de la résistance : Emmanuel d'Astier, de l'action française dans les années 1930 au parti communiste à la libération." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE2100/document.
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La présente thèse vise à comprendre les ressorts sociaux de la conversion politique d’un pionnier de la Résistance, le journaliste Emmanuel d’Astier (1900-1969). Issu de l’aristocratie catholique et conservatrice, proche de l’Action française et journaliste bohême auteur d’articles antisémites et antirépublicains dans l’entre-deux-guerres, d’Astier est en 1940 lefondateur d’une des premières organisations de résistance à l’occupation nazie. Á l’avant-garde de l’antivichysme sous l’Occupation, haut dirigeant de la Résistance, d’Astier devient à la Libération député et compagnon de route du Parti communiste. Son engagement dans la Résistance joue un rôle majeur dans sa conversion politique. Pour comprendre la trajectoire d’Emmanuel d’Astier, il convient d’entrer dans la fabrique sociale de l’acteur, c’est-à-dire de décortiquer les mécanismes et processus continus de la construction sociale de sa personne. Dans cette perspective, il s’agit d’abord de considérer le temps long biographique au cours duquel l’individu est socialement façonné par les multiplesexpériences qu’il est amené à vivre. Il s’agit ensuite d’analyser comment le temps court de l’engagement résistant s’articule au temps long de l’expérience biographique. Ainsi, l’un des enjeux de ce travail est de comprendre à la fois les conditions sociales de possibilité et les incidences biographiques de l’engagement contestataire en contexte autoritaire et critique.Articulant sociologie de la socialisation et sociologie de l’action collective, cette thèse interroge in fine les multiples façons dont histoires sociales individuelles et histoires sociales collectives se percutent, et comment les cheminements des trajectoires individuelles dépendent de ces rencontresThis thesis questions the social causes of the political conversion of a pioneer of Resistance, the journalist Emmanuel d’Astier (1900-1969). Born in a family of the catholic and conservative aristocracy, Emmanuel d’Astier act during the 1930’s as a bohemian journalist and the author of anti-Semitic and anti-republican articles. In 1940, he is the former of one of the first collective organizations whici fight against the Nazi occupation of France. A great opponant of the regime of Vichy during the Second World War, he becomes a deputy and a friend of communism after the Liberation. His activism in the Resistance plays a major role in his political conversion.To understand the social path of Emmanuel d’Astier, we must analyze the mechanisms and the processes of his social construction. First, we must examine the long-term temporality during which the actor is formed by his biographical experiences. Secondly, we must examine how the short-term temporality of activism articulates with the biographical long-termtemporality. We must understand the social conditions and the biographical consequences of high-risk activism.Ultimately, this thesis articulates a sociology of the socialization with a sociology of collective action. It questions the many ways in which individual paths and collective paths meet, and how individual paths stems from these confluences
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Erayja, Salem Ali S. "ICT activism in authoritarian regimes : organisation, mobilisation and contexts." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2016. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/16292/.
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The world has witnessed many contentious political situations in recent years, such as the Arab Spring, in which information and communication technologies (ICT) have arguably played a critical role. Although there is wide scholarly agreement that ICT enable fast and low cost activism, their role in creating significant changes offline remains ambiguous. The research to date has focused on a more democratic context; however, in non-democratic contexts, the political and social environment is critically different, which could influence social movements’ use of ICT and their impact. Therefore, online activism in an Arab authoritarian context requires further empirical investigations. Based on 30 semi-structured interviews with activists from six insider and outsider groups, this thesis investigates the role of ICT in the socio-political context of Saudi Arabia, focussing on movements’ activities concerning formation, organisation and mobilisation. It has been found that the socio-political context is critical in shaping both constraints and opportunities for movements’ activities. The repressive political system, the power of religion and social traditions can act as constraints on activism. However, ICT offer significant platforms that enable activists to challenge the reality of the context and turn such constraints into opportunities. The thesis introduces the LOAF model to explain the six stages of progression for online activism formation. In addition, I argue that the decentralised organisational structure of outsider movements, along with the new form of rotated leadership online, can be understood as a strategic response to the repressive context. Insider movements, as less repressed groups, tend to form their organisation in a more bureaucratic way. ICT effectively facilitate activists with an alternative mobilisation tool to recruit elites, raise awareness and challenge the public’s cultural and political understandings. Finally, I conclude that in order to reach more nuanced conclusions, social movement research should consider both the nature of the socio-political environment (authoritarian or otherwise), and the stage of formation that the investigated movement has achieved.
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Ghattas, Maïa. "Patrimonialisation à Doula : enjeux culturels des modes de gouverner et d'aménager en contexte autoritaire." Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01H057.
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Ce travail de recherche, conduit entre 2011 et 2019, s’intéresse à la place de la culture dans les modes de gouvernement à Douala, à partir de l’étude de la question patrimoniale. A l’échelle de la ville, divers acteurs - institutionnels ou non - réinvestissent la notion de patrimoine. Leurs conceptions, leurs actions, leurs revendications patrimoniales participent à la production de la ville, et se réfèrent à des relectures dites « traditionnelles » ainsi qu’à des stratégies de rénovation urbaine. La « mise en patrimoine » et la « mise en art » des espaces publics libèrent la parole, dans une ville où toute forme de représentations matérielles ou symboliques de la mémoire a longtemps été interdite par l’État. Ces initiatives impliquent une négociation pour l’occupation de l’espace pouvant se référer à une histoire urbaine occultée. J’appréhende ce processus de construction de l’objet patrimonial par les divers acteurs en présence, ainsi que ses effets dans la production de l’espace urbain. L’étude des différents projets, mais aussi de leur articulation ou de leur concurrence, révèle une lecture des rapports de pouvoir et du gouvernement en ville. À travers la culture, l’affirmation d’une mémoire, et par là d’une légitimité, certains acteurs contrebalancent le pouvoir économique et le pouvoir politique à Douala pour se positionner dans l’espace urbain. En filigrane, mon travail vise à réfléchir aux enjeux de la construction d’un discours sur l’art en contexte autoritaire et à réinterroger d’une façon particulière les pouvoirs en ville. Ma thèse suit une approche qualitative. J’allie observations et entretiens auprès des pouvoirs publics, des élites, du monde associatif, des artistes et des habitants. Je m’appuie également sur la production et l’analyse d’images et de films, réalisés en collaboration avec plusieurs groupes d’artistes. Cette recherche s’organise en trois parties. Tout d’abord, la première partie traite de la place du patrimoine dans les plans d’aménagement successifs. Je présente un état de l’art en soulignant l’ouverture des normes de définition de la notion, ce qui me permet de revenir sur la place du patrimoine dans les politiques et les décisions en matière d’aménagement, en analysant les études et les plans de patrimonialisation existants. La deuxième partie s’intéresse à la place de la culture dans les jeux de pouvoir en ville. J’interroge les enjeux de pouvoir liés à l’affirmation de groupes dits « autochtones » dans l’espace urbain, grâce à l’usage du patrimoine. Il s’agit de faire le lien entre patrimoine, histoire et mémoire dans le contexte de Douala. Enfin, la dernière partie discute du rôle d’acteurs subalternes, de leur place dans le monde de l’art, ainsi que de leur possibilité de participer à la fabrique de la ville. Je pose la question plus large de la production de la culture dans le contexte autoritaire et néolibéral de Douala, en proposant d’étudier des initiatives hors-les-murs, et en questionnant leur devenirThis research, led between 2011 and 2019, focuses on the place of culture in the different way of government in Douala, regarding the study of the patrimonial issues. On the scale of the city, various actors – institutionalized or not – continually reinvest the concept of heritage. Their views, their actions, their patrimonial demands participate in the city development and refer to “traditional” re-readings urban renovation strategies. The “process of heritage” and the “process of putting art in public spaces” liberate speech, in a city where every kind of material or symbolic representation of memory has long been forbidden by the State. Those initiatives imply to negotiate for the occupation of space, possibly referring to conceal urban history. I look into the process of construction of heritage through the various actors operating, as well as its effects on the production of urban space. The study of different projects, also in their coordination or competition, shows power and government relationships in the city. Through culture, the assertion of memory, and thus of legitimacy, some actors offset the economical and the political power in Douala in order to position themselves in the urban space. My research reiterates the issue of developing a discourse on art, and its stakes, in an authoritarian political context, regarding the influence of the various actors involved in the city development. My thesis proposes a qualitative approach: interviews with public authorities, local elites, actors from the associative sector, artists and citizens, as well as observation on the field. To make a concrete analytical study, I refer to images and movies, collaboratively produced with numerous groups of artists. This research is divided into three parts. First, the place of heritage in the successive development plans. I present a state of the art and emphasize the opening of the notion definition standards. It allows me to go back on the place of heritage in the development policies and decisions, by analyzing the existing studies and heritage plans. The second part deals with the place of culture in the power relationships in the city and the assertion of groups called “autochthonous” in the urban space, through the use of heritage. This includes linking heritage, history and memory in the context of Douala. Finally, I refer to the role of subordinate actors, their place in the art world, as well as their ability to participate to the city development. I pose a broader issue of the production of culture in the neoliberal and authoritarian context of Douala, by offering to study off-site initiatives, and questioning their future
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Andersson, Eva-Lotte. "Relationen mellan interkulturellt ledarskap och praktisk kunskap." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Lärarutbildningen, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-16713.
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My essay is concerned with intercultural leadership and practical knowledge. The essay is about ethical dilemmas and the diversity of issues we face constantly at the preschool. In my story I examine the different views of knowledge and the opportunities to lead people in an intercultural way, and how they relate to each other. I start by looking at the ethical ideas that form the basis for our actions and our view of knowledge. Then, I examine how the practical wisdom guides the ethical dilemmas that arise at the preschool. Thus, that leads me to the different forms of knowledge which are made visible in our daily work at the preschool, how they can be understood in the cultural environment in which they arise, and how they can be related to leadership. I show how the thinking ways and traditions we create shape the leadership. My inquiry is related to my colleagues since my professional role as a preschool teacher is made possible only in a social context with them. I find that the relationship between my own understanding of the practical knowledge and intercultural management can be related to my colleagues, as well as to parents and preschool children. The environment at the preschool is based on different ways of thinking and traditions that are transmitted and transformed in different processes. The inter-cultural leadership is questioned in the working group and the desire for authoritarian leadership is brought to question. Our view of knowledge is dependent on the ethical values we choose to make use of. Knowledge and leadership is created in a process that never ends, together with the people who create and recreate it.
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Cormier, Paul. "Les conséquences biographiques de l'engagement en contexte répressif : militer au sein de la gauche radicale en Turquie : 1974-2014." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0458/document.
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Quelles sont les conséquences biographiques d’un engagement radical et de la répression en contexte autoritaire ? C’est en recourant à une analyse fine des parcours biographiques des acteurs sur le long terme que cette recherche entend répondre à cette question peu traitée dans la sociologie de l’action collective. Le cas d’étude, largement méconnu dans la littérature spécialisée sur la Turquie et sur les mouvements révolutionnaires en général, porte sur les militants de la gauche révolutionnaire turque au cours des années 1970. Ses militants ont été confrontés au régime militaire (1980-1983) qui suit le coup d’Etat du 12 septembre 1980. Cet évènement constitue une rupture centrale dans l’histoire de la République turque. La répression et la transformation des structures politiques mises en place par la junte ont redessiné en profondeur et sur le long terme les possibilités de contestation et de reconversion des acteurs dans l’ensemble des trois sphères de vie ici analysées : professionnelle, familiale et politique. Ce travail conjugue par ailleurs analyse temporelle et spatiale du militantisme révolutionnaire en Turquie en comparant les deux principales villes du pays : Istanbul et AnkaraWhat are the biographical consequences of a radical commitment and repression in authoritarian context? Based on a detailed analysis of biographical trajectories of the actors on the long run, this research intends to consider this neglected issue in the sociology of collective action. The case study, largely ignored in the literature on Turkey and on the revolutionary movements in general, deals with the activists of the Turkish revolutionary left in the 1970s. These individuals faced the military regime (1980-1983) following the 12 September 1980 coup. This event is a central break in the history of the Turkish Republic. The repression and the transformation of political structures set up by the junta redesigned in depth the possibility of objections and reconversions of the actors in the life spheres analyzed here: professional, personal and political. This work also combines temporal and spatial analysis of revolutionary activism in Turkey comparing two major cities: Istanbul and Ankara
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Efthymiadou, Panagiota, and Anelia Miteva. "Authoritarian, far-right responses to the Covid-19 pandemic: an analysis of QAnon’s crisis narratives." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Institutionen för konst, kultur och kommunikation (K3), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-43984.
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The coronavirus pandemic has changed the lives of individuals all over the world. The goal of this research is to investigate and understand the narratives and underlying messages of the QAnon movement concerning COVID-19. The theoretical basis for this analysis is that of uncertainty-identity theory and extremism to study the process by which people embrace these types of movements and their values. Also, to examine the spread of QAnons’ messages and conspiracy theories on digital media, network society theory is used. In order to carry out this research, we conducted qualitative content analysis on data gathered directly from QAnon sources. According to the results of the study, the movement proceeded to create crisis narratives that tap into social anxieties and political uncertainty. Accordingly, the pandemic was used for the movement to grow, gain new momentum and supporters, and even merge other conspiracy theories making the narratives more elaborate.
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Matsuzawa, Setsuko. "The transnational diffusion of global environmental concerns via INGOs in China a new framework for understanding diffusion in authoritarian contexts /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC IP addresses, 2007. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3259055.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2007.Title from first page of PDF file (viewed June 11, 2007). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 183-197).
Books on the topic "The authoritarian context"
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Guo, Yi. Freedom of the Press in China. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463726115.
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Western commentators have often criticized the state of press freedom in China, arguing that individual speech still suffers from arbitrary restrictions and that its mass media remains under an authoritarian mode. Yet the history of press freedom in the Chinese context has received little examination. Unlike conventional historical accounts which narrate the institutional development of censorship and people’s resistance to arbitrary repression, Freedom of the Press in China: A Conceptual History, 1831-1949 is the first comprehensive study presenting the intellectual trajectory of press freedom. It sheds light on the transcultural transference and localization of the concept in modern Chinese history, spanning from its initial introduction in 1831 to the establishment of the People’s Republic of China in 1949. By examining intellectuals’ thoughts, common people’s attitudes, and official opinions, along with the social-cultural factors that were involved in negotiating Chinese interpretations and practices in history, this book uncovers the dynamic and changing meanings of press freedom in modern China.
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Rogers, Richard, and Sabine Niederer, eds. The Politics of Social Media Manipulation. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463724838.
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Disinformation and so-called fake news are contemporary phenomena with rich histories. Disinformation, or the willful introduction of false information for the purposes of causing harm, recalls infamous foreign interference operations in national media systems. Outcries over fake news, or dubious stories with the trappings of news, have coincided with the introduction of new media technologies that disrupt the publication, distribution and consumption of news -- from the so-called rumour-mongering broadsheets centuries ago to the blogosphere recently. Designating a news organization as fake, or der Lügenpresse, has a darker history, associated with authoritarian regimes or populist bombast diminishing the reputation of 'elite media' and the value of inconvenient truths. In a series of empirical studies, using digital methods and data journalism, the authors inquire into the extent to which social media have enabled the penetration of foreign disinformation operations, the widespread publication and spread of dubious content as well as extreme commentators with considerable followings attacking mainstream media as fake.
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Langston, Joy. Democratization and Authoritarian Party Survival. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190628512.001.0001.
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Mexico’s Party of the Institutional Revolution (PRI) held executive power continuously from 1929 to 2000, when its candidate suffered a shocking defeat in the presidential elections. This study, which covers the years 1980–2012, uses an institutional focus to understand why the PRI survived its defeat and loss of the resources of the executive bureaucracy to return victoriously after two six-year terms out of office. The book offers a model of the difficulties authoritarian parties must face after they are ousted from the executive through fair and free elections: the danger of dramatic fractures that could destroy the party and the possibility of mass voter rejection. The institutional context of Mexico allowed the party’s factions to continue to cooperate and win elections. Mexico is a federal, presidential regime with a two-tiered electoral system, with no consecutive reelection and generous public party funding. The PRI changed dramatically in organizational terms as its directly elected state governors became power brokers within the party (though governors cannot be reelected). Yet, because of the nation’s electoral rules, the national party office remained a central player, both in party and national politics. The national party headquarters continued to mount an important response to the new government’s executive and coordinated the party’s legislators in Congress. The institutional context played a crucial role in creating spaces for both factions (the governors and the national party) and allowing them to cooperate. The former hegemonic party did not, however, develop a consistent ideology or try to purge itself of its clientelist or corrupt practices, because the governors had no authority strong enough to force them the change their conduct.
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The demise of bureaucratic-authoritarian regimes: A comparative study of its economic determinants and the political context in Brazil and Chile. 1987.
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Frantz, Erica. Authoritarianism. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wentk/9780190880194.001.0001.
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Despite the spread of democratization following the Cold War’s end, all signs indicate that we are currently seeing a resurgence of authoritarianism. Around forty percent of the world’s people live under some form of authoritarian rule, and authoritarian regimes govern about a third of the world’s countries. In Authoritarianism: What Everyone Needs to KnowRG, Erica Frantz guides us through today’s authoritarian wave, explaining how it came to be and what its features are. She also looks at authoritarians themselves, focusing in particular on the techniques they use to take power, the strategies they use to survive, and how they fall. As she demonstrates, understanding how politics works in authoritarian regimes and recognizing the factors that either give rise to them or trigger their downfall, remains as important as ever. This book paves the ways for such an understanding. Authoritarianism is a clear and concise overview that provides readers with a context for making sense of one of the most important-and most worrying-developments in contemporary world politics.
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Clark, Janine A., and Francesco Cavatorta. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190882969.003.0001.
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This chapter highlights some of the most important themes to emerge from the edited volume, including researching in authoritarian contexts; qualitative, and the relative lack of quantitative, methods; positionality; gender; researching in contexts of protests, resistance, and conflicts; and ethics. In the context of a region that appears to be increasingly hostile to researchers, this chapter also discusses the security threats to both researchers and research participants.
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Volpi, Frédéric. Demobilization and Reconstruction of the Actors of the Uprisings. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190642921.003.0006.
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This chapter returns to the issue of routine governance in the post-uprisings context. It details the processes of re-institutionalization of new or reformed models of governance in the four North African countries. These processes underpin the construction of revised political consensuses that become embodied in the institutional reorganizations of the immediate post-uprisings period. At the same time, the chapter highlights the continuities in form of mobilization that keep challenging the legitimacy of the post-revolutionary state or reformed authoritarian system. The narrative is articulated around key events that signal a new acknowledgement of institutionalized forms of governance over earlier protest behaviors. In this context, the construction of ‘revolutionary’ and ‘reformist’ narratives serve to produce post-uprisings actors by breaching the gaps between plural understandings and experiences of the uprisings. The interactions between these revised practices and identities structure politics in the post-uprising states by naturalizing a new combination of democratic and authoritarian routines.
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Civil Society In Syria And Iran Activism In Authoritarian Contexts. Lynne Rienner Publishers Inc, 2013.
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Fox, Alistair. Desperation Turned Outwards: Heavenly Creatures (Peter Jackson, 1994). Edinburgh University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474429443.003.0009.
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This chapter locates Peter Jackson’s Heavenly Creatures in the context of other New Zealand coming-of-age films by showing how it identifies the repressive effects of New Zealand puritanism and resentment of the authoritarian practices of mid-twentieth-century society as the causes of the tragic matricide the two teenaged girl protagonists commit. It also demonstrates the genre-mixing that Jackson believes is characteristic of New Zealand cinema, as well as the impulse to seek refuge in a fantasy world that links this film to other films discussed in this volume, such as An Angel at My Table, 50 Ways of Saying Fabulous, and Boy.
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Scholar, Richard. Montaigne on Free-Thinking. Edited by Philippe Desan. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190215330.013.23.
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This essay suggests that free-thinking is an important and often misunderstood context for the venture—and adventure—of Montaigne’s Essays. Where free-thinking is now generally understood to indicate a principled independence from the dogmas of any church or creed, it is argued here that Montaigne belongs to a different age, in which free-thinking was a much wider anti-authoritarian and experimental cast of mind that he and his contemporaries could bring to bear on all kinds of questions. That kind of free-thinking was both a Renaissance inheritance of the libertas philosophandi of the ancients and a contemporary trend among certain French humanist-statesmen admired by Montaigne. Montaigne’s response to his precursors and contemporaries, in “Of the education of children” (I, 26) and elsewhere, nonetheless, confirms that his thinking floats free from any determinations of context and remains irreducible to the expression of an “-ism.”
Book chapters on the topic "The authoritarian context"
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Moghaddam, Fathali M. "Rationality: From Freud to the authoritarian personality." In Multiculturalism and intergroup relations: Psychological implications for democracy in global context., 49–64. Washington: American Psychological Association, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/11682-003.
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Macbean, Nicola, and Elisa Nesossi. "Living Up to Human Rights Responsibilities: Lawyers and Law Firms in the Chinese Authoritarian Context." In Human Rights Protection in Global Politics, 180–200. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137463173_9.
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Lonkila, Markku, Larisa Shpakovskaya, and Philip Torchinsky. "Digital Activism in Russia: The Evolution and Forms of Online Participation in an Authoritarian State." In The Palgrave Handbook of Digital Russia Studies, 135–53. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42855-6_8.
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AbstractThis chapter describes how digitalization has affected activism in Russia by tracing the evolution, particularity, and the most visible forms of online activism in the context of the increasingly authoritarian Russian state. It discusses online activism in relation to “connective action” and illustrates it with two examples of contentious political activism: the anti-corruption campaign led by Alexei Navalny and the struggle to protect online communication from state surveillance by the Telegram messenger service. In addition, the chapter presents examples of Russian activism, which do not directly challenge the Kremlin.
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Pellissery, Sony. "Social Policy in India: One Hundred Years of the (Stifled) Social Question." In One Hundred Years of Social Protection, 121–56. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54959-6_4.
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AbstractWhat social policy is possible in a context where equality among citizens is culturally denied but at the same time constitutionally guaranteed? This chapter attempts to answer this question by periodising how the social question was articulated in India during the last 100 years. While philosophical and religious traditions of India created “duty-oriented” social relations, the rise of the modern state prompted to change this into “right-oriented” social obligations. This tension resurfaced in the history of Indian social question through prioritising political freedom over social unfreedom, nation-building over poverty alleviation, homogenised national identity over the particularistic demands of marginalised sections, and authoritarian polity over decentralised systems. It suffices to say that Indian polity is in a denial mode regarding the social question.
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Bouandel, Youcef. "Elections in authoritarian contexts 1." In Routledge Handbook of Middle East Politics, 228–39. New York : Routledge, 2020.: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315170688-16.
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Maggini, Nicola. "Between Numbers and Political Drivers: What Matters in Policy-Making." In IMISCOE Research Series, 19–48. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67284-3_2.
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AbstractThis chapter aims to investigate whether (restrictive) policy measures on migration across seven European countries (the Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, Greece, Italy, Switzerland and the UK) are better explained by political factors, rather than the actual number of migrants/refugees/asylum seekers, their integration process or the effective European societies’ demographic and economic needs, within each national context. The analysis shows, indeed, that restrictive legislative and policy measures on immigration and integration issues seem to be not justified by the reality of immigration in the selected European countries. Conversely, these restrictive measures can be explained by some relevant political factors: prevalence of negative attitudes towards immigration among European citizens and salience of the immigration issue; electoral relevance of populist radical-right parties who mostly mobilized on immigration issues and significant diffusion of their authoritarian/traditionalist/nationalist positions within each country’s party system. These data confirm that citizens’ perceptions and party systems’ features are closely related phenomena, which influence one another and are all key factors that need to be considered to explain the law and policy-making of recent years on immigration issues.
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Icoz, Gülay, and Natalie Martin. "Historical Institutionalism and EU–Turkey Relations: Path Dependence and Critical Junctures in the Accession Process." In EU-Turkey Relations, 83–106. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70890-0_4.
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AbstractThis chapter employs the perspective of historical institutionalism to analyze and explain why Turkey’s EU accession process endures even though it has not significantly progressed since it began. It argues that its temporal approach, the concepts of critical junctures and path dependence help explain the processes of stasis and change inherent within it. The chapter starts with an outline of historical institutionalism and contextualizes its conceptual and theoretical value for the analysis of EU–Turkey relations, arguing that an underlying path dependence in the accession process is the result of security considerations. The chapter continues by identifying several critical junctures which have intervened, and both expedited and hampered the process. The opposition of member states, the Arab Spring, and authoritarian drift within Turkey are important factors in this context. On this basis, the analysis shows how progress achieved has typically been countered by opposition, often related to human rights concerns. As a result, the accession process has stagnated but has endured at the same time as security interests and human rights concerns have balanced each other over time.
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Muravyov, Dmitry. "Governing Through Imagination: Approaching Internet Governance in Authoritarian Contexts." In Internet Science, 237–43. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-17705-8_20.
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Schlumberger, Oliver. "Dancing with Wolves: Dilemmas of Democracy Promotion in Authoritarian Contexts." In Democratization and Development, 33–60. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781403983435_2.
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Vuletic, Dean. "The Eurovision Song Contest in the Musical Diplomacy of Authoritarian States." In International Relations, Music and Diplomacy, 213–34. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-63163-9_10.
Full textConference papers on the topic "The authoritarian context"
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Sekot, Aleš. "Parents and their Children’s Sports." In 12th International Conference on Kinanthropology. Brno: Masaryk University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9631-2020-29.
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An essay is rooted in the exploration of broader complex context of the phenomenon of phys-ical motion and sportive activities in contemporary sedentary society. It is at that time the topical problem of pointed parenting styles that is freshen and enliven in the context of edu-cational support aiming to active life orientation, including regular sportive activities. The spe-cific accents and educational methods of parenting are playing crucial role in this respect at the level of authoritative, authoritarian, liberal and neglecting styles (Sekot, 2019). Parenting styles prefiguring motivation of children to regular sportive activities and responsible attitude to life. And such process is going under way of socialization factors and impacts, bringing up to date the sociological links and context of mutual relation to motivation of children and youth to sport also in the context of organizational sportive activities out of the family. Now-adays we face forming socially and culturally determined relation child – parents – trainer (coach). Like this relation yields in the context of the climate of consumerist postmodern soci-ety adoring top elite athletes. Such cultural milieu forms potential conflicts of interests of mo-tivation, experience and pointing separate participants of such „triangle“. Given situation aim our effort to the crucial topic of parental responsibility as well as to growing educational and socialization importance of trainers and coaches. During the synergic process are pervaded practical aspects of the importance of age and motivation; but parental role is in this respect utterly essential and indispensable. Parental role is growing when parents play modelling role by way of mutual sportive activities with children. Thus, as it is in the essay substantiate with relevant research pieces of information and empirical data on parental role in motivation of children to regular physical activity and sport.
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Guseynov, Aleksandr, and Viktoriya Shipovskaya. "Development of scientific images about radicalization of protest activity of personality." In Safety psychology and psychological safety: problems of interaction between theorists and practitioners. «Publishing company «World of science», LLC, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15862/53mnnpk20-02.
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The analysis of theories and models of radicalization existing in psychology and sociology is given. The complexity and transitivity of the world, the emerging methodological trends in psychology, the change of postmodern discourse to metamodernism require new psychological approaches to a research of this phenomenon, which can take into account the role of cultural factors and anthropological turn, as well as space and time as ontological constants of reality. Theoretical: theoretical and methodological analysis of scientific literature, comparison, generalization, interpretation. The paper summarizes a number of empirical studies of the authors related to the problems of extremism. The goal is to consider the evolution of ideas about the radicalization of protest activity and substantiate the high relevance of the subject-being approach to explain the problem of extremism. The authors distinguish six main theories and models that reveal the nature of radicalization: the theory of anomy (R. Merton), the theory of "relative deprivation" (T. Garr), the concept of an authoritarian personality (A. Adorno), a model of social identity in collective activity (M. Van Zomeren ), the model of radicalization (R. Borum), the model of radicalization (F. Mohaddam). The authors note the demand for a metamodern methodological strategy, which makes it possible to record personal transformations and construct new images of a person. The authors come to the conclusion that the substantive differences in approaches lie in the influence quantity of external determinants causing the emergence of radical attitudes. In the development of the theme of extremism, the main ones are the principle of the unity of the personality and its being, the methodological principle of subjectivity and the principle of uncertainty, which reveal additional nuances of the phenomenon that increases cognitive capabilities. The conditions of the subject-being approach are considered and the concept of protest activity is presented, based on the notions of "existential personal identity", "subjective activity", "subjectivity", revealing the reasons for negative transformation of personality, considering extremism as a violation of the developing configuration of identity. The subject-being approach to the personality is recognized as the most efficient theoretical and methodological basis for researching this problem, since it allows us to overcome the deficiency of the content given by the deterministic interpretation of radicalization.