Journal articles: 'The Batwa'

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Barham, Larry. "News BaTwa in the mist." Before Farming 2006, no. 4 (January 2006): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/bfarm.2006.4.9.

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Buchalik, Lucjan. "BATWA – STO LAT PRZEMIAN. MIĘDZY GLOBALIZACJĄ, PAŃSTWEM A TURYSTYKĄ." AFRYKA 50, no. 50 (February 20, 2020): 39–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.32690/afr50.2.

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The Batwa – A Hundred Years of Transformation. Between Globalisation, State and Tourism The article is a deep refl ection on changes taking place in minority cultures, not only in contact with their larger neighbours, but also, and above all, under the infl uence of globalisation processes and the rapid development of tourism. The research is structured in order to present the Batwa people living in the African Great Lakes region from a broader time perspective. The juxtaposition of two research periods, one from the early 20th century (Jan Czekanowski) and the other from the 21st century (Lucjan Buchalik), made it possible to track the changes in the everyday life of this community. On the one hand, the Batwa are marginalised, and on the other hand, they are being absorbed by the surrounding, more dominant peoples. Studying the transformation process, one can notice that the Batwa accepted many changes resulting from their contacts with the outside world. It was the process of forcible displacement from their historical territories that threatened the existence of this community.

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Kagumba, Andrew Kalyowa. "The Batwa Trail: developing agency and cultural self-determination in Uganda through Indigenous tourism and cultural performance." AlterNative: An International Journal of Indigenous Peoples 17, no. 4 (December 2021): 514–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/11771801211058503.

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This article examines how Batwa—the Indigenous peoples of Southwestern Uganda—negotiate agency and cultural self-determination through touristic cultural performances held during the Batwa Trail, an Indigenous tourist attraction in Mgahinga Forest, Southwestern Uganda. I take a theoretical model that approaches Indigenous tourism and touristic cultural performances as a site of social interaction where identity and representation are negotiated. The touristic performances are crucial in articulating Batwa performance culture and as a forum where counter-narratives against the stereotypes and marginalities associated with Batwa culture are constructed. I argue that touristic performances are a strategic form of experiential and embodied practice through which Batwa identity is negotiated and expressed.

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Patterson, Kaitlin, Lea Berrang-Ford, Shuaib Lwasa, Didacus B. Namanya, James Ford, Fortunate Twebaze, Sierra Clark, Blánaid Donnelly, and Sherilee L. Harper. "Seasonal variation of food security among the Batwa of Kanungu, Uganda." Public Health Nutrition 20, no. 1 (September 13, 2016): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980016002494.

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AbstractObjectiveClimate change is projected to increase the burden of food insecurity (FI) globally, particularly among populations that depend on subsistence agriculture. The impacts of climate change will have disproportionate effects on populations with higher existing vulnerability. Indigenous people consistently experience higher levels of FI than their non-Indigenous counterparts and are more likely to be dependent upon land-based resources. The present study aimed to understand the sensitivity of the food system of an Indigenous African population, the Batwa of Kanungu District, Uganda, to seasonal variation.DesignA concurrent, mixed methods (quantitative and qualitative) design was used. Six cross-sectional retrospective surveys, conducted between January 2013 and April 2014, provided quantitative data to examine the seasonal variation of self-reported household FI. This was complemented by qualitative data from focus group discussions and semi-structured interviews collected between June and August 2014.SettingTen rural Indigenous communities in Kanungu District, Uganda.SubjectsFI data were collected from 130 Indigenous Batwa Pygmy households. Qualitative methods involved Batwa community members, local key informants, health workers and governmental representatives.ResultsThe dry season was associated with increased FI among the Batwa in the quantitative surveys and in the qualitative interviews. During the dry season, the majority of Batwa households reported greater difficulty in acquiring sufficient quantities and quality of food. However, the qualitative data indicated that the effect of seasonal variation on FI was modified by employment, wealth and community location.ConclusionsThese findings highlight the role social factors play in mediating seasonal impacts on FI and support calls to treat climate associations with health outcomes as non-stationary and mediated by social sensitivity.

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Vandeginste, Stef. "Political Representation of Minorities as Collateral Damage or Gain: The Batwa in Burundi and Rwanda." Africa Spectrum 49, no. 1 (April 2014): 3–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000203971404900101.

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There is a remarkable discrepancy between the political representation of the Batwa ethnic minority group in Burundi compared to in Rwanda. Whereas Rwanda's focus on citizenship prevents the Batwa from claiming recognition as a politically salient societal segment, Burundi's governance model, characterized by ethnic, consociational power-sharing, guarantees the political representation of the Batwa in the legislative assemblies. The difference is mainly due to the various modalities of political transition that both countries have experienced. While in Rwanda, regime change came about through a military victory, Burundi's transition from conflict to peace involved a long and complex peace-negotiations process, with international mediators viewing the armed conflict and its resolution in explicitly ethnic terms. The Arusha Peace and Reconciliation Agreement was a foundational moment for the recognition of the political participation rights of the Batwa in Burundi, despite the fact that they were not actively involved in Burundi's armed conflict, or in the peace negotiations. The comparative analysis in this paper offers insights into the potential of peace processes with respect to improved minority-rights protection following violent conflict.

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Nasidze, Ivan, Jing Li, Roland Schroeder, Jean L. Creasey, Mingkun Li, and Mark Stoneking. "High Diversity of the Saliva Microbiome in Batwa Pygmies." PLoS ONE 6, no. 8 (August 16, 2011): e23352. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0023352.

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Wright, Terence. "Re‐presenting the Batwa: The archive and the computer." Digital Creativity 9, no. 3 (January 1998): 175–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14626269808567122.

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Paterson, Alexander. "Protected areas, community rights and affirmative action: The plight of Uganda's Batwa people." African Human Rights Law Journal 22, no. 1 (August 11, 2022): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1996-2096/2022/v22n1a12.

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The intersection between protected areas, community rights, statutory legal frameworks and customary law and practice is complex. Several cases heard by members of the African judiciary over the last decade have dealt with this intersection and provided valuable guidance on forging solutions promoting the contemporary conservation discourse that recognises the role of local communities and indigenous peoples in the governance and management of protected and conserved areas. The recent claim brought by the Batwa people of Uganda to land and resources situated in three protected areas provided the judiciary with another opportunity to draw from and contribute to the emerging relevant jurisprudence. This contribution overviews this jurisprudence and its strong link to the contemporary conservation discourse, and critically reflects on the latest contribution to it. It ultimately concludes that while the Ugandan Constitutional Court in the Batwa case missed a clear opportunity to draw from and develop the existing relevant jurisprudence, it did add a new dimension to it in the form of forging solutions through affirmative action redress.

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Scarpa, Giulia, Lea Berrang-Ford, Sabastian Twesigomwe, Paul Kakwangire, Maria Galazoula, Carol Zavaleta-Cortijo, Kaitlin Patterson, et al. "Socio-economic and environmental factors affecting breastfeeding and complementary feeding practices among Batwa and Bakiga communities in south-western Uganda." PLOS Global Public Health 2, no. 3 (March 9, 2022): e0000144. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0000144.

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Improving breastfeeding and complementary feeding practices is needed to support good health, enhance child growth, and reduce child mortality. Limited evidence is available on child feeding among Indigenous communities and in the context of environmental changes. We investigate past and present breastfeeding and complementary feeding practices within Indigenous Batwa and neighbouring Bakiga populations in south-western Uganda. Specifically, we describe the demographic and socio-economic characteristics of breastfeeding mothers and their children, and individual experiences of breastfeeding and complementary feeding practices. We investigate the factors that have an impact on breastfeeding and complementary feeding at community and societal levels, and we analysed how environments, including weather variability, affect breastfeeding and complementary feeding practices. We applied a mixed-method design to the study, and we used a community-based research approach. We conducted 94 individual interviews (n = 47 Batwa mothers/caregivers & n = 47 Bakiga mothers/caregivers) and 12 focus group discussions (n = 6 among Batwa & n = 6 among Bakiga communities) from July to October 2019. Ninety-nine per cent of mothers reported that their youngest child was currently breastfed. All mothers noted that the child experienced at least one episode of illness that had an impact on breastfeeding. From the focus groups, we identified four key factors affecting breastfeeding and nutrition practices: marginalisation and poverty; environmental change; lack of information; and poor support. Our findings contribute to the field of global public health and nutrition among Indigenous communities, with a focus on women and children. We present recommendations to improve child feeding practices among the Batwa and Bakiga in south-western Uganda. Specifically, we highlight the need to engage with local and national authorities to improve breastfeeding and complementary feeding practices, and work on food security, distribution of lands, and the food environment. Also, we recommend addressing the drivers and consequences of alcoholism, and strengthening family planning programs.

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Mukasa, Norman. "The Batwa Indigenous People in Uganda and their Detachment from Forest Livehood: Land Eviction and Social Plight." Deusto Journal of Human Rights, no. 10 (December 11, 2017): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.18543/aahdh-0-2012pp71-84.

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With an aim of examining consequences of eviction and restriction the Batwa’s access to Bwindi and Mgahinga protected areas, the paper reviews available literature on the Batwa indigenous people’s statuses, rights and socioeconomic livelihood especially following the 1991 Bwindi and Mgahinga eviction instrument. The review indicates that their eviction exemplified failure by the government to consult, compensate and involve the Batwa community as indigenous people before expropriation of their land. Secondly, the paramilitary nature of eviction disconnected them from their forest dweller lifestyle spontaneously without a clear resettlement plan or restitution agenda. The paper conclusively recommends for further research to evaluate the increasingly contentious competition between conservationism on one hand and upholding the appropriate property rights of indigenous people on the other.Published online: 11 December 2017

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CLARK, S., L. BERRANG-FORD, S. LWASA, D. B. NAMANYA, V. L. EDGE, and S. HARPER. "The burden and determinants of self-reported acute gastrointestinal illness in an Indigenous Batwa Pygmy population in southwestern Uganda." Epidemiology and Infection 143, no. 11 (December 11, 2014): 2287–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268814003124.

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SUMMARYAcute gastrointestinal illness (AGI) is an important public health priority worldwide. Few studies have captured the burden of AGI in developing countries, and even fewer have focused on Indigenous populations. This study aimed to estimate the incidence and determinants of AGI within a Batwa Pygmy Indigenous population in southwestern Uganda. A retrospective cross-sectional survey was conducted in January 2013 via a census of 10 Batwa communities (n= 583 participants). The AGI case definition included any self-reported symptoms of diarrhoea or vomiting in the past 2 weeks. The 14-day prevalence of AGI was 6·17% [95% confidence interval (CI) 4·2–8·1], corresponding to an annual incidence rate of 1·66 (95% CI 1·1–2·2) episodes of AGI per person-year. AGI prevalence was greatest in children aged <3 years (11·3%). A multivariable mixed-effects logistic regression model controlling for clustering at the community level indicated that exposure to goats [odds ratio (OR) 2·6, 95% CI 1·0–6·8], being a child aged <3 years (OR 4·8, 95% CI 1·2–18·9), and being a child, adolescent or senior Batwa in the higher median of wealth (OR 7·0, 95% CI 3·9–9·2) were significantly associated with having AGI. This research represents the first Indigenous community-census level study of AGI in Uganda, and highlights the substantial burden of AGI within this population.

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Berrang-Ford, Lea, Kathryn Dingle, James D. Ford, Celine Lee, Shuaib Lwasa, Didas B. Namanya, Jim Henderson, Alejandro Llanos, Cesar Carcamo, and Victoria Edge. "Vulnerability of indigenous health to climate change: A case study of Uganda's Batwa Pygmies." Social Science & Medicine 75, no. 6 (September 2012): 1067–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2012.04.016.

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Patterson, Kaitlin A., Seungmi Yang, Jan Sargeant, Shuaib Lwasa, Lea Berrang-Ford, Charity Kesande, Batwa Communities, et al. "Socio-demographic associations with pregnancy loss among Bakiga and Indigenous Batwa women in Southwestern Uganda." Sexual & Reproductive Healthcare 32 (June 2022): 100700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.srhc.2022.100700.

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Ampumuza, Christine, Martijn Duineveld, and René van der Duim. "The most marginalized people in Uganda? Alternative realities of Batwa at Bwindi Impenetrable National Park." World Development Perspectives 20 (December 2020): 100267. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wdp.2020.100267.

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Beswick, Danielle. "Democracy, identity and the politics of exclusion in post-genocide Rwanda: the case of the Batwa." Democratization 18, no. 2 (March 28, 2011): 490–511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13510347.2011.553367.

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Clark, Sierra, Lea Berrang-Ford, Shuaib Lwasa, Didacus Namanya, Sabastian Twesigomwe, and Manisha Kulkarni. "A Longitudinal Analysis of Mosquito Net Ownership and Use in an Indigenous Batwa Population after a Targeted Distribution." PLOS ONE 11, no. 5 (May 4, 2016): e0154808. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0154808.

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Rwantabagu, Hermenegilde. "Problems and Prospects in the Education of a Marginal Minority: The Case of the Batwa Community in Burundi." Diaspora, Indigenous, and Minority Education 3, no. 2 (April 10, 2009): 110–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15595690902762134.

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Lewnard, Joseph A., Lea Berrang-Ford, Shuaib Lwasa, Didacus Bambaiha Namanya, Kaitlin A. Patterson, Blánaid Donnelly, Manisha A. Kulkarni, Sherilee L. Harper, Nicholas H. Ogden, and Cesar P. Carcamo. "Relative Undernourishment and Food Insecurity Associations with Plasmodium falciparum Among Batwa Pygmies in Uganda: Evidence from a Cross-Sectional Survey." American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 91, no. 1 (July 2, 2014): 39–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.13-0422.

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Rich, Jeremy, and Kairn Kleiman. ""The Pgymies Were Our Compass": Bantu and Batwa in the History of West-Central Africa, Early Times to C. 1900 C.E." International Journal of African Historical Studies 37, no. 1 (2004): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4129103.

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Kulkarni, Manisha A., Gala Garrod, Lea Berrang-Ford, Isaac Ssewanyana, Sherilee L. Harper, Nestor Baraheberwa, Blanaid Donnelly, et al. "Examination of Antibody Responses as a Measure of Exposure to Malaria in the Indigenous Batwa and Their Non-Indigenous Neighbors in Southwestern Uganda." American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 96, no. 2 (November 28, 2016): 330–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.16-0559.

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VANSINA, JAN. "BANTU-BATWA HISTORY ‘The Pygmies Were Our Compass’: Bantu and Batwa in the History of West Central Africa. Early Times to c. 1900 C.E. By KAIRN A. KLIEMAN. Portsmouth NH, Heinemann, 2003. Pp. xxiv+253. No price given (ISBN 0-325-07105-7); $26, paperback (ISBN 0-325-07105-5)." Journal of African History 45, no. 3 (November 2004): 494–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853704239937.

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Scarpa, Giulia, Lea Berrang-Ford, Sabastian Twesigomwe, Paul Kakwangire, Remco Peters, Carol Zavaleta-Cortijo, Kaitlin Patterson, et al. "A Community-Based Approach to Integrating Socio, Cultural and Environmental Contexts in the Development of a Food Database for Indigenous and Rural Populations: The Case of the Batwa and Bakiga in South-Western Uganda." Nutrients 13, no. 10 (October 3, 2021): 3503. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13103503.

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Comprehensive food lists and databases are a critical input for programs aiming to alleviate undernutrition. However, standard methods for developing them may produce databases that are irrelevant for marginalised groups where nutritional needs are highest. Our study provides a method for identifying critical contextual information required to build relevant food lists for Indigenous populations. For our study, we used mixed-methods study design with a community-based approach. Between July and October 2019, we interviewed 74 participants among Batwa and Bakiga communities in south-western Uganda. We conducted focus groups discussions (FGDs), individual dietary surveys and markets and shops assessment. Locally validated information on foods consumed among Indigenous populations can provide results that differ from foods listed in the national food composition tables; in fact, the construction of food lists is influenced by multiple factors such as food culture and meaning of food, environmental changes, dietary transition, and social context. Without using a community-based approach to understanding socio-environmental contexts, we would have missed 33 commonly consumed recipes and foods, and we would not have known the variety of ingredients’ quantity in each recipe, and traditional foraged foods. The food culture, food systems and nutrition of Indigenous and vulnerable communities are unique, and need to be considered when developing food lists.

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Gondola, Ch Didier. "Reviews of Books:"The Pygmies Were Our Compass": Bantu and Batwa in the History of West Central Africa, Early Times to c. 1900 C.E. Kairn A. Klieman." American Historical Review 110, no. 2 (April 2005): 595–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/531500.

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Rodríguez, Alan. "Reseña del documental Huicholes: los últimos guardianes del peyote." Punto CUNORTE 1, no. 1 (January 1, 2015): 88–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.32870/punto.v1i1.10.

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El cine hoy, como ayer, no se aparta de la preocupación por el debilitamiento de los pueblos antiguos y sus culturas. Porque el cine, en tanto que expresión artística y no sólo vía para el entretenimiento, debe asumir el compromiso por suscitar el análisis y convocar a la reflexión. Un ejemplo actual, generoso de oportunidad y sensatez, es el filme Huicholes: los últimos guardianes del peyote (México, Argentina, 2014), documental escrito y dirigido por Hernán Vilchez que justamente cumple con ese propósito. Especializado en el documental antropológico, este cineasta argentino se ha enfocado en filmar pueblos indígenas y ceremonias ancestrales alrededor del planeta. Su cámara ha capturado la vida de los aborígenes australianos de Arnhem Land, los pigmeos batwa de Uganda, los taquileños del Lago Titika, los waoranis y shipibos de la Amazonia, los mentawai de la Isla Siberut, los diolas de Senegal, las masivas celebraciones del Kumbh Mela en India y la Fiesta de Yemanjá en Bahía, Brasil.

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Cote, M. "Batna." Encyclopédie berbère, no. 9 (April 1, 1991): 1389–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/encyclopedieberbere.2551.

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Domínguez, Lara, and Colin Luoma. "Decolonising Conservation Policy: How Colonial Land and Conservation Ideologies Persist and Perpetuate Indigenous Injustices at the Expense of the Environment." Land 9, no. 3 (February 25, 2020): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land9030065.

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The livelihoods of indigenous peoples, custodians of the world’s forests since time immemorial, were eroded as colonial powers claimed de jure control over their ancestral lands. The continuation of European land regimes in Africa and Asia meant that the withdrawal of colonial powers did not bring about a return to customary land tenure. Further, the growth in environmentalism has been interpreted by some as entailing conservation ahead of people. While this may be justifiable in view of devastating anthropocentric breaching of planetary boundaries, continued support for “fortress” style conservation inflicts real harm on indigenous communities and overlooks sustainable solutions to deepening climate crises. In reflecting on this issue from the perspective of colonial land tenure systems, this article highlights how ideas—the importance of individualised land ownership, cultivation, and fortress conservation—are intellectually flawed. Prevailing conservation policies, made possible by global non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and statutory donors, continue to harm indigenous peoples and their traditional territories. Drawing from the authors’ experience representing the Batwa (DRC), the Ogiek and Endorois (Kenya) and Adivasis (India) in international litigation, this paper examines the human and environmental costs associated with modern conservation approaches through this colonial lens. This article concludes by reflecting on approaches that respect environmental and human rights.

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MacEachern, Scott. "Kairn A. Klieman. “The Pygmies Were Our Compass”: Bantu and Batwa in the History of West Central Africa, Early Times to c. 1900 C.E. Portsmouth, N.H.: Heinemann, 2003. xxxiv + 253 pp. Maps. Figure. Tables. Bibliography. Index. $26.00. Paper." African Studies Review 48, no. 1 (April 2005): 172–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/arw.2005.0023.

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Caycedo, Carolina. "Atarraya y Batea." Dearq, no. 34 (September 2022): 96–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.18389/dearq34.2022.08.

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Vetter, Bernhard. "Baywa baut Werkstätte." agrarzeitung 76, no. 42 (2021): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.51202/1869-9707-2021-42-008-1.

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Pionke, Stefanie. "Baywa mit Ergebnissprung." agrarzeitung 76, no. 29 (2021): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.51202/1869-9707-2021-29-007-1.

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Pionke, Stefanie. "Baywa darf impfen." agrarzeitung 76, no. 17 (2021): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.51202/1869-9707-2021-17-006.

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Łapińska, Iza. "Obraz – barwa filmu." Media - Kultura - Społeczeństwo 1, no. 9-10 (October 10, 2015): 69–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.25312/2451-2737.9-10/2015_71-78.

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Crass. "Bata Motel." Index on Censorship 27, no. 6 (November 1998): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03064229808536480.

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Bush, Elizabeth. "Hey Batta Batta Swing!: The Wild Old Days of Baseball (review)." Bulletin of the Center for Children's Books 60, no. 6 (2007): 247–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/bcc.2007.0069.

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Bergey, Christina M., Marie Lopez, Genelle F. Harrison, Etienne Patin, Jacob A. Cohen, Lluís Quintana-Murci, Luis B. Barreiro, and George H. Perry. "Polygenic adaptation and convergent evolution on growth and cardiac genetic pathways in African and Asian rainforest hunter-gatherers." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 48 (November 9, 2018): E11256—E11263. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1812135115.

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Different human populations facing similar environmental challenges have sometimes evolved convergent biological adaptations, for example, hypoxia resistance at high altitudes and depigmented skin in northern latitudes on separate continents. The “pygmy” phenotype (small adult body size), characteristic of hunter-gatherer populations inhabiting both African and Asian tropical rainforests, is often highlighted as another case of convergent adaptation in humans. However, the degree to which phenotypic convergence in this polygenic trait is due to convergent versus population-specific genetic changes is unknown. To address this question, we analyzed high-coverage sequence data from the protein-coding portion of the genomes of two pairs of populations: Batwa rainforest hunter-gatherers and neighboring Bakiga agriculturalists from Uganda and Andamanese rainforest hunter-gatherers and Brahmin agriculturalists from India. We observed signatures of convergent positive selection between the rainforest hunter-gatherers across the set of genes with “growth factor binding” functions (P<0.001). Unexpectedly, for the rainforest groups, we also observed convergent and population-specific signatures of positive selection in pathways related to cardiac development (e.g., “cardiac muscle tissue development”; P=0.001). We hypothesize that the growth hormone subresponsiveness likely underlying the adult small body-size phenotype may have led to compensatory changes in cardiac pathways, in which this hormone also plays an essential role. Importantly, in the agriculturalist populations, we did not observe similar patterns of positive selection on sets of genes associated with growth or cardiac development, indicating our results most likely reflect a history of convergent adaptation to the similar ecology of rainforests rather than a more general evolutionary pattern.

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Pionke, Stefanie. "Agrar macht Baywa Freude." agrarzeitung 76, no. 31 (2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.51202/1869-9707-2021-31-001-2.

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Ciraci, S., and Inder P. Batra. "Ciraci and Batra reply." Physical Review Letters 60, no. 6 (February 8, 1988): 547. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.60.547.

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Newbury, David. "Kairn A. Klieman, ‘The Pygmies Were our Compass’: Bantu and Batwa in the history of West Central Africa, early times to c. 1900 CE. Portsmouth NH: Heinemann (pb $26.95 – 0 325 07105 5; hb $64 – 0325 07105 5). 2003, xxxiv +253 pp." Africa 75, no. 4 (November 2005): 613–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/afr.2005.75.4.613.

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Kuhn, Antony, and Yves Moulin. "Bata : l'impossible mutation." Annales des Mines - Gérer et comprendre 92, no. 2 (2008): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/geco.092.0035.

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Singhal, Parag, and Buddhdev Pandya. "Beyond BAWA-GARBA." SUSHRUTA Journal of Health Policy & Opinions 11, no. 1 (May 1, 2020): 20–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.38192/11.1.8.

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The medical profession is in crisis and working in a climate of ‘toxic fear, according to the chair of the gross negligence manslaughter review commissioned by GMC following the Bawa-Garba case. Dr. Leslie Hamilton, who replaced Dame Clare Marx as chair of the independent review in July, warned that health leaders had a lot of work to do to regain doctor’s trust.

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Ghani, Jawaid Abdul. "Bata: Strategic Choices." Asian Journal of Management Cases 1, no. 1 (January 2004): 81–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/097282010400100107.

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Tedja, Michael, Charleshan Charleshan, and Jefri Efendi. "Perbandingan Metode Konstruksi Dinding Bata Merah dengan Dinding Bata Ringan." ComTech: Computer, Mathematics and Engineering Applications 5, no. 1 (June 30, 2014): 272. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/comtech.v5i1.2621.

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The development of technology and the demands on the speed of the construction project cause the material manufacturers compete to create a new material that can accelerate the process to build a building. Wall is one of the non-structural elements on a building. Both low-rise building and high-rise building are no doubts using this material. Wall works can use two different types of material, such as brick wall made of red clay and light brick wall made of cement, silica sand, and limestone. In the construction process wall is needed in a large amount of area, so the difference of the price should be examined in choosing the type of the material to gain efficient cost. The purpose of this study is to determine which method of wall construction is more efficient in terms of cost and time, the use of red brick wall or brick wall light. The study was conducted using survey, comparative, literature study method. Results indicate that both methods have advantages and disadvantages. Red brick wall method is cheaper in the cost of the process, while the lighter brick wall method much faster in the process.

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Bryson, Julia M., Kaitlin Patterson, Lea Berrang-Ford, Shuaib Lwasa, Didacus B. Namanya, Sabastian Twesigomwe, Charity Kesande, James D. Ford, and Sherilee L. Harper. "Seasonality, climate change, and food security during pregnancy among indigenous and non-indigenous women in rural Uganda: Implications for maternal-infant health." PLOS ONE 16, no. 3 (March 24, 2021): e0247198. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0247198.

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Background Climate change is expected to decrease food security globally. Many Indigenous communities have heightened sensitivity to climate change and food insecurity for multifactorial reasons including close relationships with the local environment and socioeconomic inequities which increase exposures and challenge adaptation to climate change. Pregnant women have additional sensitivity to food insecurity, as antenatal undernutrition is linked with poor maternal-infant health. This study examined pathways through which climate change influenced food security during pregnancy among Indigenous and non-Indigenous women in rural Uganda. Specific objectives were to characterize: 1) sensitivities to climate-associated declines in food security for pregnant Indigenous women; 2) women’s perceptions of climate impacts on food security during pregnancy; and 3) changes in food security and maternal-infant health over time, as observed by women. Methods Using a community-based research approach, we conducted eight focus group discussions—four in Indigenous Batwa communities and four in non-Indigenous communities—in Kanungu District, Uganda, on the subject of climate and food security during pregnancy. Thirty-six women with ≥1 pregnancy participated. Data were analysed using a constant comparative method and thematic analysis. Results Women indicated that food insecurity was common during pregnancy and had a bidirectional relationship with antenatal health issues. Food security was thought to be decreasing due to weather changes including extended droughts and unpredictable seasons harming agriculture. Women linked food insecurity with declines in maternal-infant health over time, despite improved antenatal healthcare. While all communities described food security struggles, the challenges Indigenous women identified and described were more severe. Conclusions Programs promoting women’s adaptive capacity to climate change are required to improve food security for pregnant women and maternal-infant health. These interventions are particularly needed in Indigenous communities, which often face underlying health inequities. However, resiliency among mothers was strong and, with supports, they can reduce food security challenges in a changing climate.

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Shalukoma, Chantal, Jan Bogaert, Pierre Duez, Caroline Stévigny, Célestin Pongombo, and Marjolein Visser. "LES PLANTES MÉDICINALES DE LA RÉGION MONTAGNEUSE DE KAHUZI- BIEGA EN RÉPUBLIQUE DÉMOCRATIQUE DU CONGO : UTILISATION, ACCESSIBILITÉ ET CONSENSUS DES TRADIPRATICIENS." BOIS & FORETS DES TROPIQUES 326, no. 326 (December 18, 2015): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/bft2015.326.a31282.

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En ethnobotanique, des aspects comme l’influence de l’accessibilité d’une plante sur sa fréquence d’usage, le consensus entre les tradipraticiens autour des rela- tions maladie-plante ainsi que le degré de fidélité d’une plante à une catégorie de maladies sont essentiels pour évaluer une tradition médicinale ; mais ils sont d’une interprétation difficile. Nous avons exploré ces aspects dans cette étude basée sur des entretiens semi-structurés avec 88 tradi- praticiens issus des communautés Batwa, Havu, Shi et Tembo dans les localités situées à proximité de la forêt de montagne du Parc national de Kahuzi-Biega, en pro- vince du Sud-Kivu, à l’Est de la République démocratique du Congo. Il s’avère que 77 espèces végétales sont utilisées pour traiter les pathologies regroupées dans 18 catégories de maladies, dont les plus fré- quentes sont les troubles digestifs et les infections. Lesfeuilles et les écorces sont les parties les plus utilisées dans les recettes majoritairement monoplantes et principa- lement préparées en solutions aqueuses. Bien que la corrélation entre l’accessibilité des plantes et leurs fréquences d’usage soit positive (H = 17,64 ; p < 0,001), certaines plantes forestières pourtant moins acces- sibles connaissent des fréquences d’usage particulièrement élevées. Le facteur de consensus des tradipraticiens est globale- ment élevé, particulièrement pour les caté- gories de troubles musculo-squelettiques (= 0,83) et les infections (= 0,80). Toutes les catégories de maladies fidélisent au moins une plante malgré les taux globalement faibles. Bien qu’exploratoires, nos résultats suggèrent un certain ancrage d’une tradi- tion médicinale au sein de communautés locales de la région. Cet ancrage suppose une bonne connaissance des plantes médicinales, une transmission intergénéra- tionnelle des savoirs ainsi qu’une certaine collaboration entre les tradipraticiens. Plus d’études sont nécessaires pour évaluer davantage ces différents aspects.

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Pratiwi, Sri Novianthi. "ANALISIS ENERGI PADA BERBAGAI MATERIAL DINDING (BATA, BATAKO DAN BATA RINGAN)." Jurnal Arsitektur ARCADE 4, no. 3 (November 19, 2020): 276. http://dx.doi.org/10.31848/arcade.v4i3.543.

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In building design, the selection of building materials is one aspect that needs to be considered. Building materials are components that require energy in the manufacturing process. In the process of building material production, the use of energy at each stage becomes one of the parameters of CO2 carbon emission levels. The higher the use of fossil energy, the higher the CO2 emissions and the risk of causing global warming. Bricks, concrete blocks, and lightweight bricks are the types of materials commonly used to make building walls. The selection of wall materials is still largely related to price or aesthetic considerations, but the assessment of the level of environmental friendliness is still lacking in attention. This study tries to analyse the life cycle of energy in wall materials (bricks, concrete blocks and lightweight bricks). From the research results obtained, concrete block is the lowest material in the use of production energy.

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Pionke, Stefanie. "Baywa-Strategie zahlt sich aus." agrarzeitung 76, no. 31 (2021): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.51202/1869-9707-2021-31-002-1.

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Denis Lavnikevich. "BATKA CHOOSING BETWEEN MOSCOW, WASHINGTON." Current Digest of the Russian Press, The 72, no. 005 (February 5, 2020): 10–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.21557/dsp.57845697.

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Denis Lavnikevich. "BATKA RUNNING ON 2010 SCENARIO." Current Digest of the Russian Press, The 72, no. 022 (May 31, 2020): 12–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.21557/dsp.60081738.

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Denis Lavnikevich. "BATKA RUNNING ON 2010 SCENARIO." Current Digest of the Russian Press, The 72, no. 022 (May 31, 2020): 12–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.21557/dsp.60180398.

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Lichtwardt, Robert W., and William C. Denison. "Lekh Raj Batra, 1929–1999." Mycologia 95, no. 5 (September 2003): 982–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15572536.2004.11833057.

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Journal articles on the topic 'The Batwa'

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