Journal articles: 'The Beat Generation'

1

Shiga, David. "Beat Generation." Science News 167, no. 2 (January 8, 2005): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4016152.

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Woodhouse, Jim, and Eric Ribchester. "Beat generation." Physics World 16, no. 4 (April 2003): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2058-7058/16/4/29.

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Smith, H. J. "CLIMATOLOGY: Beat Generation." Science 292, no. 5514 (April 6, 2001): 15c—15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.292.5514.15c.

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HUANG, YEN-CHIEH. "LASER BEAT-WAVE BUNCHED BEAM FOR COMPACT SUPERRADIANCE SOURCES." International Journal of Modern Physics B 21, no. 03n04 (February 10, 2007): 287–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979207042069.

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A periodically bunched electron beam is useful for generating high-brightness electron superradiance. This paper studies the generation and acceleration of density-modulated electron beams from a photocathode electron gun driven by a laser beat wave. Computer simulation shows the feasibility of accelerating and preserving the density-modulated electron beam in an accelerator. This paper also details the implementation of a beat-wave laser system with a variable beat frequency for driving a photocathode electron gun.

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5

Theado, Matt. "Beat Generation Literary Criticism." Contemporary Literature 45, no. 4 (2004): 747–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cli.2005.0010.

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Lindberg, R. R., A. E. Charman, J. S. Wurtele, L. Friedland, and B. A. Shadwick. "Autoresonant beat-wave generation." Physics of Plasmas 13, no. 12 (December 2006): 123103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2390692.

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Schaffer, Hemming A., and Ib A. Svendsen. "SURF BEAT GENERATION ON A MILD-SLOPE BEACH." Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, no. 21 (January 29, 1988): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v21.79.

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Two dimensional generation of surf beats by incident wave groups is examined theoretically. An inhomogeneous wave equation describes the amplitude of the surf beat wave. The forcing function is the modulation of the radiation stress. The short waves are amplitude modulated both outside and inside the surf zone causing the long wave generation to continue right to the shore line. Resonant generation as shallow water is approached is included. The analytical solution is evaluated numerically and shows a highly complicated amplitude variation of the surf beat depending on the parameters of the problem.

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Bahari, Christine. "La Beat Generation à Tanger." Horizons Maghrébins - Le droit à la mémoire 31, no. 1 (1996): 103–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/horma.1996.1558.

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9

Economou, George, and Kostas Myrsiades. "The Beat Generation: Critical Essays." World Literature Today 77, no. 3/4 (2003): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40158231.

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10

Geppert, L. "Microprocessors: the off-beat generation." IEEE Spectrum 37, no. 7 (July 2000): 44–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/6.852051.

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Sharma, Prerana, and R. P. Sharma. "Generation of Longmuir turbulence and stochastic acceleration in laser beat wave process." Laser and Particle Beams 28, no. 2 (May 4, 2010): 285–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034610000182.

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AbstractThis paper investigates the filamentation process of two co-axially propagating laser beams in collisionless plasma. On account of the ponderomotive nonlinearity, two laser beams affect the dynamics of each other, and cross-focusing takes place. The initial Gaussian laser beams are found to have non-Gaussian structures in the plasma. Using the laser beam and the plasma parameters, appropriate for the beat wave process, the filaments of the laser beams have been studied. Using these results, the Langmuir wave excitation at the beat wave frequency (when the laser beams are having filamentary structures) has been studied. The excited LW is modeled with the help of a driven oscillator and it is found that the excited Langmuir wave is not a plane wave; rather it has a turbulent structure. We have obtained the power spectrum of the excited beat wave (Langmuir wave), and calculated the spectral index. The stochastic electron acceleration has been studied in the presence of this Langmuir turbulence and relevance of these results to the beat wave process has been pointed out.

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12

Wyrwik, Anna. "Manhattan jako przestrzeń działania Beat Generation." Media - Kultura - Komunikacja Społeczna 1, no. 12 (February 13, 2019): 77–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.31648/mkks.3034.

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Tekst jest przedstawieniem Beat Generation jako ruchu społeczno-literackiego, elementu nowojorskiej bohemy lat 40. i 50. XX wieku. Analiza poglądów beatników na temat kolejnych sfer społecznych, wyrażanych w ich literaturze oraz stylu życia, odbywa się na podstawie ich twórczości i teorii z dziedziny socjologii miasta. Tekst ma na celu opracowanie planu Manhattanu tamtych lat jako przestrzeni działań beatników. Jest również opisem Manhattanu wykorzystującym podobieństwa i różnice pomiędzy jego elementami reprezentującymi różne dziedziny życia, różne pola aktywności lub obiekty krytyki beatników.

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13

Mackay, Polina, and Chad Weidner. "Introduction: The Beat Generation and Europe." Comparative American Studies An International Journal 11, no. 3 (September 2013): 221–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/1477570013z.00000000042.

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14

Li, Guolin, Ting Shu, Jun Zhang, Jianhua Yang, and Chengwei Yuan. "Generation of gigawatt level beat waves." Applied Physics Letters 96, no. 23 (June 7, 2010): 234102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3449134.

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15

Klein, Adam D. "The Beat Generation: a reference pathfinder." Collection Building 16, no. 3 (September 1997): 137–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01604959710172422.

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16

Pesme, D., S. J. Karttunen, R. R. E. Salomaa, G. Laval, and N. Silvestre. "Modulational instability in the beat-wave generation." Laser and Particle Beams 6, no. 2 (May 1988): 199–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034600003943.

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The coupling of a large amplitude plasmon, generated by the beat-wave process, to ion acoustic waves may lead to modulational or decay instabilities, which are investigated here. A general dispersion relation obtainable from Zakharov equations predicts large growth rates (∼ωpi) for short wavelength modulations. To avoid these, extremely short pulse lengths are required in the beat-wave experiments. Due to the very long wavelength of the beat-plasmon, the decay instability is not likely below the ke V-temperatures.

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17

Ellis, R. J. "The beats abroad: a global guide to the beat generation." Studies in Travel Writing 20, no. 4 (October 2016): 422–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13645145.2016.1276854.

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18

Suh, Youngbo, and Thomas K. Ferris. "Examining Change Sensitivity to Vibrotactile Beats in a Hand-Held Touchscreen Device." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 61, no. 1 (September 2017): 1569. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541931213601756.

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While recent research has employed vibrotactile feedback as a means of communication, one novel form of vibrotactile feedback involves the generation of “beats”. They are amplitude-modulated vibratory signals that can be created by sending multiple sinusoidal signals at dissonant frequencies (Lim, Kyung, & Kwon, 2012; Yang et al., 2014). The resulting perception of a rising-and-falling amplitude signal (a single “beat”), can be characterized per unit time as beat frequency, which is a function of the difference between the two input signal frequencies. Although vibrotactile beat cues have potentials in better supporting multitasking contexts that are visually demanding, the fundamental psychophysical characteristics of absolute and difference sensitivities have not been well-studied. To build on the promising but sparse findings involving the application of vibrotactile beats, it is important to define the limits of human perceptual ability to differentiate vibrotactile beats at distinct beat frequencies.

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19

Huse, Vijay. "Beat frequency undulator radiation and harmonic generation." Physica Scripta 94, no. 11 (August 14, 2019): 115506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1402-4896/ab1edf.

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20

Bose, Amitabha, Áine Byrne, and John Rinzel. "A neuromechanistic model for rhythmic beat generation." PLOS Computational Biology 15, no. 5 (May 9, 2019): e1006450. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1006450.

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21

Wiscombe, Sarah, Ian A. Forrest, and A. John Simpson. "IPF: time for the (ciliary) beat generation?" Thorax 68, no. 12 (September 4, 2013): 1088–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/thoraxjnl-2013-203928.

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22

Zampieri, Sandro. "2D residual generation and dead-beat observers." Systems & Control Letters 17, no. 6 (December 1991): 483–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-6911(91)90088-v.

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23

Pipes, G. C. Teg, Qing Lin, Stephanie E. Riley, and Corey S. Goodman. "The Beat generation: a multigene family encoding IgSF proteins related to the Beat axon guidance molecule in Drosophila." Development 128, no. 22 (November 15, 2001): 4545–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.128.22.4545.

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A previous genetic screen led to the identification of the beaten path (beat Ia) gene in Drosophila. Beat Ia contains two immunoglobulin (Ig) domains and appears to function as an anti-adhesive factor secreted by specific growth cones to promote axon defasciculation. We identify a family of 14 beat-like genes in Drosophila. In contrast to beat Ia, four novel Beat-family genes encode membrane-bound proteins. Moreover, mutations in each gene lead to much more subtle guidance phenotypes than observed in beat Ia. Genetic interactions between beat Ic and beat Ia reveal complementary functions. Our data suggest a model whereby Beat Ic (and perhaps other membrane-bound family members) functions in a pro-adhesive fashion to regulate fasciculation, while Beat Ia (the original secreted Beat) functions in an anti-adhesive fashion to regulate defasciculation.

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24

Balaban, Carey D., and Joseph M. Furman. "Beat-to-beat control of human optokinetic nystagmus slow phase durations." Journal of Neurophysiology 117, no. 1 (January 1, 2017): 204–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00342.2016.

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This study provides the first clear evidence that the generation of optokinetic nystagmus fast phases (FPs) is a decision process that is influenced by performance of a concurrent disjunctive reaction time task (DRT). Ten subjects performed an auditory DRT during constant velocity optokinetic stimulation. Eye movements were measured in three dimensions with a magnetic search coil. Slow phase (SP) durations were defined as the interval between FPs. There were three main findings. Firstly, human optokinetic nystagmus SP durations are consistent with a model of a Gaussian basic interval generator (a type of biological clock), such that FPs can be triggered randomly at the end of a clock cycle (mean duration: 200–250 ms). Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests could not reject the modeled cumulative distribution for any data trials. Secondly, the FP need not be triggered at the end of a clock cycle, so that individual SP durations represent single or multiple clock cycles. Thirdly, the probability of generating a FP at the end of each interval generator cycle decreases significantly during performance of a DRT. These findings indicate that the alternation between SPs and FPs of optokinetic nystagmus is not purely reflexive. Rather, the triggering of the next FP is postponed more frequently if a recently presented DRT trial is pending action when the timing cycle expires. Hence, optokinetic nystagmus FPs show dual-task interference in a manner usually attributed to voluntary movements, including saccades. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study provides the first clear evidence that the generation of optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) fast phases is a decision process that is influenced by performance of a concurrent disjunctive reaction time task (DRT). The slow phase (SP) durations are consistent with a Gaussian basic interval generator and multiple interval SP durations occur more frequently in the presence of the DRT. Hence, OKN shows dual-task interference in a manner observed in voluntary movements, such as saccades.

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25

Cosma, Andreea. "New York, San Francisco and Los Angeles: A Cultural Map of the Beat Generation." Linguaculture 12, no. 2 (December 31, 2021): 19–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.47743/lincu-2021-2-0214.

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This paper explores the topographical and socio-cultural developments during the Golden Age in New York, Los Angeles and San Francisco, three Beat Generation epicenters, which determined the deconstruction of traditional norms. Modifications at both city and society levels were represented by the emergence of countercultures, such as the Beat. The visibility received by urban problems, due to the increase in social demonstrations and activism, fostered the formation of a unified front that demanded equality and encouraged social and political movements, such as the Civil Rights and the Second Wave Feminism. The socio-political challenges which the American society was confronted with from the 1950s to the 1970s in these three cities, also reveal a few problems regarding the status of the Beats as well as of minorities in metropolises.

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Horton, David R. "DIURNAL PATTERNS IN YELLOW TRAP CATCH OF PEAR PSYLLA (HOMOPTERA: PSYLLIDAE): DIFFERENCES BETWEEN SEXES AND MORPHOTYPES." Canadian Entomologist 125, no. 4 (August 1993): 761–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/ent125761-4.

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AbstractDiumal patterns in yellow sticky trap catch of pear psylla, Cacopsylla pyricola Foerster, are described for the spring (reproductive) winterform generation, summerforms, and the fall (diapausing/dispersing) winterform generation. For each life stage, trap catch of the two sexes is also compared, and sex ratios on sticky traps are contrasted with independent estimates of population sex ratio obtained by beat tray samples. Beat tray estimates of sex ratio showed a slight male bias for both winterform generations (although P = 0.09 for spring winterforms), and a female bias for the summerform samples. Sticky trap catches were significantly male biased for the reproductive generations (i.e. spring winterforms and summerforms). Trap catches of fall winterforms were not different from a 1:1 ratio. The male bias for the reproductive generations may be due to mate-seeking activities of males or to a decrease in activity by egg-laden females. Peak catch for summerforms occurred in the morning, and that of both winter-form generations occurred at midday. There was no evidence that trapping depleted local densities of psylla during a 24-h period.

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27

Gregory, James N., and John Arthur Maynard. "Venice West: The Beat Generation in Southern California." Journal of American History 79, no. 2 (September 1992): 734. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2080183.

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Veit, Camille. "La contestation au rythme de la Beat Generation." Topique 140, no. 3 (2017): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/top.140.0123.

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29

Damon, Maria, and John Arthur Maynard. "Venice West: The Beat Generation in Southern California." American Literature 64, no. 1 (March 1992): 188. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2927521.

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Rollberg, Peter, Inger Thorup Lauridsen, and Per Dalgard. "The Beat Generation and the Russian New Wave." Slavic and East European Journal 38, no. 1 (1994): 194. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/308570.

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31

Kim, Sung Soo. "Alternative Music - Ambiguity of Genre & Beat Generation." Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society 14, no. 9 (September 30, 2013): 4212–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5762/kais.2013.14.9.4212.

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32

Rodnitzky, Jerry, and John Arthur Maynard. "Venice West: The Beat Generation in Southern California." American Historical Review 97, no. 2 (April 1992): 637. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2165902.

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33

Noble, Robert J. "Plasma-wave generation in the beat-wave accelerator." Physical Review A 32, no. 1 (July 1, 1985): 460–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physreva.32.460.

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34

Driver, Sam, Inger Thorup Lauridsen, and Per Dalgard. "The Beat Generation and the Russian New Wave." World Literature Today 65, no. 2 (1991): 321. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40147227.

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35

Dangor, A. E., A. K. L. Dymoke-Bradshaw, A. Dyson, T. Garvey, I. Mitchell, A. J. Cole, C. N. Danson, C. B. Edwards, and R. G. Evans. "Generation of Uniform Plasmas for Beat Wave Experiments." IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science 15, no. 2 (1987): 161–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tps.1987.4316679.

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36

Berezhiani, V. I., and S. M. Mahajan. "Beat-wave generation of plasmons in semiconductor plasmas." Physical Review B 55, no. 15 (April 15, 1997): 9247–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.55.9247.

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37

Murdoch, S. G., R. Leonhardt, and J. D. Harvey. "Tuneable THz beat frequency generation in optical fibers." Optics Communications 130, no. 1-3 (September 1996): 25–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0030-4018(96)00181-2.

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38

Cairns, R. A., D. Johnson, and R. Bingham. "Laser wakefield and beat-wave generation by multiple and chirped laser pulses." Laser and Particle Beams 13, no. 4 (December 1995): 451–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034600009599.

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Generation of large amplitude plasma waves using high-power lasers in either the wakefield or beat-wave scheme is considered. We show how the nonlinear behavior of the plasma wave may make it advantageous to split the total energy into more than one pulse in the wavefield scheme. When a beat wave is generated by a pulse of finite length, we show how the final wave amplitude may be enhanced if the frequency of one or both pulses is chirped in such a way that the wavelength of the beat increases from the front to the back of the pulse.

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39

Kuyath, Jarosław. "Charles Bukowski – America’s Poet of the South." European Journal of Language and Literature 5, no. 3 (September 25, 2019): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejls.v5i3.p11-13.

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One of the most expressive trends in American culture of the 1950s and 1960s, manifested by the treatment of travel as a motive of life in both the mental and creative spheres, can be confidently attributed to the Beat generation. Their consumption lifestyle, crazy undertakings, love and moral fights, in which they entered without any moderation, led them to living problems and, consequently, to being lost. This generation almost automatically brings to mind the portrait of young, vulnerable Americans, rebellious and lost, oppressed and radical, wanting freedom and falling into trouble. The myth of the Beat generation is one of the most distinct myths of American culture of the twentieth century. We know very little about Beat in Poland. Admittedly, there have been several studies concerning the literary output of Beat writers, but they do not fully reflect the complexity of the phenomenon and contexts in which they were shaped. We are constantly looking at them in terms of mythologized rebellion. Associated with beat, Charles Bukowski is the best example of a person whose work was inspired by his own experiences related to sex, alcohol, poverty and human weaknesses.

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40

Pokharel, Badri Prasad. "Beats and Ginnsberg." Tribhuvan University Journal 27, no. 1-2 (December 30, 2010): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/tuj.v27i1-2.26349.

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Every literary movement has a potential to influence the future generation. In this context, the Beat Generation, a literary movement was started shortly after the World War II by some ángry young men' or rebellious personalities who were seeking another world for the adjustment away from the confinements of the established norms and conventions. The post war period was a time when many people from every nook and corner were in pursuit of liberation in works, life style and other alternate forms of livelihood. 'Beat' writers, though they didn't follow the established patterns, were socially and culturally accepted by the then young generation either in the group of 'hippie', or in the hallucinogenic world. Engaging in norcotic intoxication, Immoral and unsocial activities like gay marriage, homosexuality etc., purposeless wanderings, practicing Eastern religious activities etc. sound, in a sense, completely non sense, but what can be perceived from those above mentioned activities is that the young generation had been fed up with the established terms and conditions and was on the way of exploring new world. In short, the 'Beats' have shown a way to the aspired youth for an alternate source of creativity.

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41

Machado, Wladimir. "Um Retrato do Hipster." dObra[s] – revista da Associação Brasileira de Estudos de Pesquisas em Moda 8, no. 18 (December 31, 2015): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.26563/dobras.v8i18.99.

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42

Shih, Ruey Syan. "Numerical Study of the Characteristics of Wave-Wave Interactions in Multiphase Wave Field Near Coastal Area." Advanced Materials Research 255-260 (May 2011): 2313–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.255-260.2313.

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Numerical investigations of multiphase irregular wave field are presented by using the BEM, which incorporates the interaction between incoming wave and reflected wave in the coastal area. This study discusses the case of multi-component wave generation using the 2D-NWT, which incorporates the wave-wave interactions between various conditions of incoming waves and high frequency reflected waves, including the variation of wave field and particle trajectory. The surf beats in the surf zone is mainly the cause of the cross-shore motion, and the generations of high frequency harmonics waves, these phenomena will be study accordingly in this preliminary study for the modeling of oscillations cause by surf beat and back swash, the generation of high frequency multi-phase reflected wave are carried out to investigate the deformation of wave profile, wave field and particle path-line.

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Dyson, A., and A. E. Dangor. "Laser beat wave acceleration of particles." Laser and Particle Beams 9, no. 2 (June 1991): 619–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034600003621.

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The laser beat wave programs at Rutherford Appleton Laboratory and Ecole Polytechnique are reviewed. The techniques used to generate by multiphoton ionization the highly uniform plasmas needed for the beat wave are described. Evidence of the generation of a 2% plasma wave using laser beams at 1.064 and 1.053 μm is presented. The plasma wave suffers damping, possibly by the modulational instability. The use of a high-power short laser pulse for plasma-wave generation by the wake-field process is discussed. This process has the advantage that there is no resonance as in the beat wave, and since the plasma wave is generated on the time scale of the plasma period, instabilities are unlikely to be important.

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44

Berendse, Gerrit-Jan. ""And the Beat Goes On": Die Beat Generation und der neue Realismus in der DDR." GDR Bulletin 21, no. 2 (October 17, 1994): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4148/gdrb.v21i2.1135.

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Zhu, Lian Dong, Erkki Hiltunen, and Josu Takala. "Microalgal Biofuels Beat the First and Second Generation Biofuels." Applied Mechanics and Materials 197 (September 2012): 760–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.197.760.

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Recently biofuels derived from biomass have received increased concerns in an attempt to search for sustainable development. The first and second generation biofuels are unsustainable since the growth of these food or non-food crops for biofuel generation will compete for limited arable farmlands, thus increasing the risks on food availability. Microalgal biofuels, known as the third generation biofuels, have the potential for sustainable production in an economically effective manner. The advantages of microalgae as a biofuel feedstock are many, for instance, high photosynthesis efficiency, high oil content and noncompetition with food crop production on farmlands. Microalgae can be employed for the production of biodiesel, bioethanol, biogas, biohydrogen, among others. The integrated biorefinery approach has huge potential to greatly improve the economics of biofuel production from microalgae. However, the production of microalgal biofuels is still at pre-commercial stages since it is expensive to produce substantial amount of biofuels at a large scale. Despite this, microalgae are still the most promising and best feedstock available for the biofuels. Biotechnology advances including genetic and metabolic engineering, well-funded R&D researches and policy support can make microalgal biofuels have a bright future.

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46

Nelson, Paul. "Projective Verse: The Spiritual Legacy of the Beat Generation." Humanities 7, no. 4 (October 22, 2018): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/h7040102.

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Allen Ginsberg’s poetry, poetics or cultural activism; Jack Kerouac’s prose, poetry and his method of composition; Gary Snyder’s environmental and Buddhist consciousness and bioregional ethos, or the opening made by the Beats for Eastern spirituality in the west are of intrinsic value and will be for generations, this paper seeks to posit that it is Michael McClure’s use of Projective Verse, that future generations of writers and readers will come to appreciate as that movement’s spiritual legacy.

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47

Douglas, Ann. "Holy Fools: The Beat Generation and the Cold War." Reviews in American History 41, no. 3 (2013): 525–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/rah.2013.0062.

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48

Penot-Lacassagne, Olivier. "La Beat Generation en France : Avant-garde vs Underground." L'Esprit Créateur 58, no. 4 (2018): 64–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/esp.2018.0046.

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49

Karttunen, S. J., and R. R. E. Salomaa. "Beat Wave Generation of Plasma Waves for Particle Acceleration." IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science 15, no. 2 (1987): 134–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tps.1987.4316676.

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50

Dunphy, Mark. "Herman Melville as “Hip” Icon for the Beat Generation." Leviathan 11, no. 3 (October 2009): 92–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1750-1849.2009.01215.x.

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Journal articles on the topic 'The Beat Generation'

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