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Millington, Devon S. "Training Non-Board Certified Behavior Analyst (BCBA) Behavior Specialists to Conduct Trial-Based Functional Analyses in Residential Settings." DigitalCommons@USU, 2018. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/7404.
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This study investigated a process for identifying the reasons why a person with an intellectual disability has problem behaviors. This process is called a trial-based functional analysis (TBFA). The researchers wanted to know if a person who was not an expert behavior analyst could be trained to perform the TBFA and if the results obtained from the TBFA could be used to create a program to reduce the problem behavior of a person with an intellectual disability living in a community-based group home for persons with disabilities. The results of this study show that a person who is not an expert behavior analyst can be trained to perform a TBFA and that the results obtained from the TBFA were useful in creating a program to reduce the problem behavior of an adult male person living in a rural area in Utah.
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Spiker, Shane T. "Understanding Self-Care Techniques Among Currently Practicing Behavior Analysts." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6865.
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Board Certified Behavior Analysts (BCBAs) serve as the primary practitioners within this field, providing direct services to individuals with socially significant problem behaviors. The purpose of this study was to expand research on the behavior analytic practitioner regarding their self-care practices and develop an understanding of their lived experience using Orem's theory of self-care. Data were collected from 10 BCBAs via face-to-face interviews derived of questions regarding self-care practices. The interview questions included discussions around self-care behaviors as well as beneficial and problematic effects regarding individual self-care practices. Interpretive phenomenological analysis was used to gather information regarding practices and interpret the lived experience of current practitioners. It was found that BCBAs have informal exposure to self-care and share effects like burnout with other helping professions. Some practitioners indicated that lack of self-care resulted in diminished relationships, lowered quality of care for clients, and poor quality of life outcomes. This research indicated social change implications that include using the results to improve self-care practices among BCBAs could result in less burnout and improved care for patients. If improvements to self-care repertoires are made, client outcomes may also improve, reducing the need for behavior analysis services long term.
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Kong, Wei-Keat. "IMPROVING TRACEABILITY RECOVERY TECHNIQUES THROUGH THE STUDY OF TRACING METHODS AND ANALYST BEHAVIOR." UKnowledge, 2012. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/cs_etds/5.
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Developing complex software systems often involves multiple stakeholder interactions, coupled with frequent requirements changes while operating under time constraints and budget pressures. Such conditions can lead to hidden problems, manifesting when software modifications lead to unexpected software component interactions that can cause catastrophic or fatal situations. A critical step in ensuring the success of software systems is to verify that all requirements can be traced to the design, source code, test cases, and any other software artifacts generated during the software development process. The focus of this research is to improve on the trace matrix generation process and study how human analysts create the final trace matrix using traceability information generated from automated methods.
This dissertation presents new results in the automated generation of traceability matrices and in the analysis of analyst actions during a tracing task. The key contributions of this dissertation are as follows: (1) Development of a Proximity-based Vector Space Model for automated generation of TMs. (2) Use of Mean Average Precision (a ranked retrieval-based measure) and 21-point interpolated precision-recall graph (a set-based measure) for statistical evaluation of automated methods. (3) Logging and visualization of analyst actions during a tracing task. (4) Study of human analyst tracing behavior with consideration of decisions made during the tracing task and analyst tracing strategies. (5) Use of potential recall, sensitivity, and effort distribution as analyst performance measures.
Results show that using both a ranked retrieval-based and a set-based measure with statistical rigor provides a framework for evaluating automated methods. Studying the human analyst provides insight into how analysts use traceability information to create the final trace matrix and identifies areas for improvement in the traceability process. Analyst performance measures can be used to identify analysts that perform the tracing task well and use effective tracing strategies to generate a high quality final trace matrix.
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Markham, Eric Nicholas. "Training Behavior Professionals to Use the Interview-Informed Synthesized Contingency Analysis (IISCA) Extension." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2019. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1609105/.
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The current investigation replicated and extended previous research on training of behavior professionals to implement functional assessment and analysis procedures. Specifically, the study extended procedures described by Metras to train board certified behavior analysts (BCBAs) to administer two components of the Interview Informed Synthesized Contingency Analyses (IISCA) by: (1) conducting the study in the context of a large residential/training facility for adults with ID, (2) including a participant who served as a behavior analyst for a caseload of individuals who lived and received services at the facility, and (3) adjusting the vignettes and interview scripts to reflect the change in context. This current study shows that, following a brief training sequence, the participant was able to accurately administer the open-ended interview and construct a synthesized test and control condition.
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Jia, Ning. "Security analyst behavior and the association with pre-ipo equity investments and under writing by investment banks /." May be available electronically:, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/login?COPT=REJTPTU1MTUmSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=12498.
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Schaberl, Philipp D. "Essays on the value-relevance of earnings expectations and the influence of disclosure policy on analyst behavior." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1337717709.
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Lim, Seongyeon. "Essays in financial economics mental accounting and selling decisions of individual investors; analysts' reputational concerns and underreaction to public news /." Connect to this title online, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1058811557.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2004.<br>Document formatted into pages; contains 106 p. Includes bibliographical references. Abstract available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center; full text release delayed at author's request until 2005 July 29.
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Monte, Malveira Daniel. "Analysis of Walking and Route-Choice Behavior of Pedestrians inside Public Transfer Stations : A Study on how pedestrians behave in the approaching vicinity of level-change facilities,and how it affects their walking and route-choice behavior." Thesis, KTH, Transportplanering, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-264755.
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Pedestrian walking and choice behavior presented was first studied by Fruin in 1971, and since then a lot of research have been carried out in order to understand how humans move and what does make them make choices and obtain certain patterns. In relation to pedestrians, a significant bottleneck inside public stations evaluated by research are the level-change facilities, as Stair Walks and Escalators. The aim of this research is studying how pedestrian behave in the vicinity to stairways and escalators, and how does that affect pedestrian choice, speed and acceleration when choosing one of the two facilities. Also, with a need for more data on pedestrian traffic, further data collection is a big requirement to analyze their behavior and use as tools in future measures. At last, how to optimize the movement of pedestrians in relation to level changes, considering the effects of the movements observed. Two case studies were analysed, Stockholm Central Station and Uppsala Central Station.The study compares data collection methods, tracking methods and previous studies to better fit the scope of this research. The data is backed up from previous research and explains which method better fitted the options available. As a result, video data collection was chosen to collect the data, a semi-automatic tracking software called T-analyst was used to extract speed, trajectories and acceleration from the videos, and microsimulation modelling from VISSIM further investigated different design options to optimize the overall performance and improve travel time in the same area. The analysis found out that there was a possibility to increase the overall performance of the location in higher flow levels, where the most significant queues could be seen, since there was the possibility to achieve higher speeds by modifying the width and position of the stair walks, which allow for a smaller queue in both directions.
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Lahaye, Sébastien. "Comprendre les grands feux de forêt pour lutter en sécurité." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEP042/document.
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En dépit de moyens importants consacrés à la lutte, certains feux de forêt, en Europe méditerranéenne, en Australie ou en Amérique du Nord, parcourent de grandes surfaces et développent des comportements violents qui piègent les pompiers. L’étude de rapports internes aux services d’incendie révèle ici les conditions météorologiques et topographiques dans lesquelles se produisent ces feux dangereux. En France, alors que le vent violent est le principal contributeur des feux les plus grands et les plus dangereux, les températures élevées mènent à un autre type d’incendies violents qui se propagent rapidement. En Australie, les pompiers sont souvent piégés par une bascule brutale de la direction du vent mais aussi par des vents forts en terrain accidenté. Au-delà des disparités intercontinentales, la recherche des comportements dynamiques de feu impliqués dans plus de 100 accidents de pompiers à travers le monde amène à distinguer trois types d’incendie. Lors des feux topographiques, en zone de montagne, les accidents sont généralement causés par l’attachement de la flamme sur des pentes supérieures à 20°. Lors des feux guidés par le vent, les zones les plus propices aux accidents sont les pentes déventées où des effets de vortex peuvent se produire. Enfin, lors des feux convectifs, les plus violents, les accidents peuvent se produire loin de toute configuration dangereuse. Pour tenir compte de ces résultats et améliorer leur sécurité, les pompiers doivent adapter leur formation et de développer des compétences d’analyste du feu. Ces experts intègreront les retours d’expérience des incendies passés pour proposer les stratégies de lutte les plus efficaces et sécurisées<br>Despite the large expenditure that is dedicated to forest fire suppression in Euro-Mediterranean countries, Australia and North-America, firefighters still face large and severe fire events which eventually entrap them. Investigation of Fire Services’ internal reports addresses here the weather and terrain leading to these dangerous fires. In France, strong wind is the main driver of the largest fires and of the fires that entrap firefighters. However, high temperature is also a key contributor as it influences violent fires with high rates of surface spread. In Australia, a lot of firefighters’ entrapments are due to shifts in wind direction, but others are associated to strong winds in rugged terrain. Whatever the regional specificities, more than 100 firefighters’ entrapments across the world were investigated to find the contribution of dynamic fire behaviors in these entrapments. The results return three different types of fires. During topography-influenced fires, in mountainous area, almost all the entrapments happen on slopes steeper than 20°, prone to flame attachment. During wind-driven fires, leeward slopes prone to vorticity-driven lateral fire spread are the most prominent configurations associated with entrapments. Finally, during convective fires, which are the most violent, entrapments can happen far away from any dangerous configuration. Firefighters should adjust their training courses and promote fire behavior analysts (FBAN) capabilities to benefit from the results of this work and improve their safety. FBAN may consider feedbacks from previous fires to suggest the most efficient and secure firefighting strategies and locations
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Floriano, Renan Nobre. "O estudo do ouvinte e da audiência em pesquisas sobre comportamento verbal: uma análise de publicações a partir da perspectiva skinneriana." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2015. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/16757.
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Previous issue date: 2015-10-21<br>Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior<br>In Verbal Behavior (1957), BF Skinner proposes a thorough analysis of verbal behavior by specifying the relationship between the speaker's behavior and the listener's behavior. Despite this, the speaker's behavior has been more emphasized and studied The aim of this study was to analyze the bibliographic production carried out by behavior analysts about the listener's behavior, as a mediator of consequences and while audience to the speaker's behavior, from the year of publication of Verbal Behavior and work through both articles published in international journals as JEAB, JABA, The Behavior Analyst and TAVB as in national journals as REBAC and RBTCC. It was analyzed 70 articles, of which 62 dealt with the listener as a mediator of consequences, while 7 audience and one treated both concepts. It was observed that articles about the listener's behavior (listener and audience) began to markedly small measure, the first published 26 years after the Verbal Behavior. Over the years the publications of articles geared to the study of these concepts have been increasing, as a result of the contribution of authors like Caio F. Miguel, R. Douglas Greer and Anna Ingeborg Petursdottir. With regard to the type of research, it was noted a balance between theoretical and conceptual research and experimental research and among the experimental research it was observed that the listener's behavior has been studied both as an independent variable as the dependent variable. Moreover, in both types of research the listener's behavior was studied more as a central object than a secondary object. Finally, there is the listener's behavior was notorious presence on subject-matters such as the relationship between the repertoire of the listener and the speaker, stimulus equivalence, verbal operant tact and naming. Summarizing the development of this field of research, it highlights two assertions of Skinner himself (1957/1992) regarding the understanding of verbal behavior that influenced a timid start, but also contributed to advances in research: on the one hand, verbal behavior was to focus the explicit individual speaker and postulated by Skinner (19957/1992), on the other hand, there is the need for the listener's behavior be closely analyzed so that a complete understanding of verbal behavior is achieved<br>Em Verbal Behavior (1957), B. F. de Skinner propõe uma análise minuciosa do comportamento verbal especificando a relação entre o comportamento do falante e o comportamento do ouvinte. Apesar disto, o comportamento do falante tem sido mais enfatizado e estudado O objetivo do presente estudo foi o de analisar a produção bibliográfica realizada pelos analistas do comportamento acerca do comportamento do ouvinte, enquanto mediador de consequências e enquanto audiência para o comportamento do falante, a partir do ano de publicação da obra Verbal Behavior e através dos artigos publicados tanto em periódicos internacionais como JEAB, JABA, The Behavior Analyst e TAVB como em periódicos nacionais como REBAC e RBTCC. Foram analisados 70 artigos, dos quais 62 trataram do ouvinte enquanto mediador de consequências, 7 enquanto audiência e 1 tratou em ambos os conceitos. Observou-se que artigos a respeito do comportamento do ouvinte (ouvinte e audiência) iniciaram-se de forma marcadamente acanhada, sendo o primeiro publicado 26 anos após o Verbal Behavior. No decorrer dos anos as publicações de artigos voltados ao estudo desses conceitos vêm aumentando, resultado este devido a contribuição de autores como Caio F. Miguel, R. Douglas Greer e Anna Ingeborg Petursdottir. No que diz respeito ao tipo de pesquisas, notou-se um equilíbrio entre pesquisas teórico-conceituais e pesquisas experimentais e dentre as pesquisas experimentais observou-se que o comportamento do ouvinte vem sendo estudado tanto como variável independente quanto como variável dependente. Além disso, em ambos os tipos de pesquisas o comportamento do ouvinte foi estudado mais como objeto central do que como objeto secundário. Por fim, destaca-se que o comportamento do ouvinte foi presença notória em temas como relação entre o repertório do ouvinte e do falante, equivalência de estímulos, operante verbal tato e nomeação. Sumarizando o desenvolvimento deste campo de investigação, destacam-se duas asserções do próprio Skinner (1957/1992) com relação a compreensão do comportamento verbal que influenciaram um início tímido, mas que também contribuíram para os avanços das pesquisas: se por um lado, o comportamento verbal teve como enfoque o falante individual explícito e postulado por Skinner (19957/1992), por outro lado, há a necessidade de o comportamento do ouvinte ser analisado de perto para que uma compreensão completa do comportamento verbal seja alcançada
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Hudson, Tina M., Ruby Owiny, and Donald M. Stenhoff. "Using Video Conferencing for Teaching and Supervision: Selaba Doctoral Program at the University of Kentucy." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2015. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/3996.
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The need for licensed teachers and specialists in the area of moderate to severe disabilities has been a point of concern for the past two decades; however, technology is increasingly being used to deliver instruction and assist in providing supervision and consulting for students in need of certification in diverse fields through synchronous online learning environments (Luna & Medina, 2007; Spooner & Wood, 2006). The use of these technologies, such as video and web conferencing, are an increasingly popular and viable option for educators and teacher candidates living in rural locations or that have schedules that may not allow for travel to on-campus meetings. In response to this need, the University of Kentucky (UK) Department of Early Childhood, Special Education, & Rehabilitation Counseling, has been delivering instruction through satellite, interactive video, and web-based course management systems for 30 years. This chapter describes how UK has increased their capacity to serve students by using distance education technologies not only for course delivery, but practicum supervision as well (Collins & Baird, 2006).
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MacKelvie, Erin. "A Comparison of Traditional Aggregated Data to a Comprehensive Second-by-Second Data Depiction in Functional Analysis Graphs." Scholarly Commons, 2021. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/3730.
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Functional analyses (FAs) are an important component of treatment and the data gathered from FAs are often graphed in an aggregate or summary format, such as mean rate per session. Given the prevalence of undifferentiated analyses, it may be that this common method of data depiction is incomplete. In this paper, we compare the traditional aggregate method to a comprehensive second-by-second demonstration of the data including all appropriate and inappropriate responses emitted, as well as programmed and accidental antecedent and consequent variables, which may help further clarify the results of a functional analysis. We compared the functional analysis results of two participants when the data were depicted using the traditional rate aggregate method and depicted using a comprehensive second-by-second method. Although both rate and comprehensive second-by-second data depiction resulted in similar conclusions regarding the maintaining variables for the participants, comprehensive second-by-second data depiction allowed us to draw the conclusions in less time. Additional advantages and disadvantages of each method as it relates to efficiency, therapeutic risk and safety, and practicality are also discussed. Keywords: efficiency, functional analysis, problem behavior, safety, within-session second-by-second analysis.
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Morgan, Theresa Anne. "Links between temperament and behavioral function." Diss., University of Iowa, 2012. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/3501.
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Despite a mutual interest in disordered behavior, the psychological approaches of individual differences and behaviorism historically have had little common research or discourse. Moreover, over time, both fields independently have developed methods of assessment and treatment that--despite being broadly applicable across populations--exist only in parallel. This also is despite the facts that (1) individual differences frequently are defined by specific types of behavior (or lack thereof), and (2) behavioral analyses may include "organism" variables that share features with temperament variables.
The primary goal of the current study is to examine relations between broad temperament factors and the function of problem behavior(s) identified through formal clinical assessment. The proposed model hypothesizes unique contributions of extraversion/surgency/positive affectivity (E/SPA) and neuroticism/negative affectivity (NNA) to the behavior functions of attention and escape, respectively. Subsidiary goals of the study included replicating previously identified temperament factors in this sample and assessing relations among temperament scales and behavioral form(s).
Fifty-three children and their caregivers were recruited from 4 behavior treatment clinics at the University of Iowa. Caregivers were asked to complete two measures of temperament/personality: the Children's Behavior Questionnaire Short Form (CBQ) and the Schedule for Nonadaptive and Adaptive Personality--Other Report Form (SNAP-ORF). Children also underwent behavior assessment procedures as part of their scheduled clinic appointment, and these records were subsequently accessed to code function, form, frequency, and severity of problem behaviors.
Results showed significant, positive relations between E/S-PA and measures of attention function. These findings were consistent across several (though not all) measures of E/S/PA and attention function. In contrast, no significant relation between N-NA and either escape or attention was found. Structural modeling of temperament/personality was broadly consistent with the three factors proposed by the CBQ and SNAP-ORF. Several unique findings at the lower order trait level also were noted and are discussed.
The results from the current study provide an important first step in linking behavior and personality with regard to function in addition to behavioral form. Implications for the definitions of traits and function used in this project are discussed. Future research should expand on these preliminary findings to replicate and clarify relations among individual differences and behavioral functions.
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Trahan, Maranda Ann. "Evaluating activity presentation formats and the amount of interactions to increase activity engagement in older adults with Alzheimer's disease." OpenSIUC, 2010. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/229.
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The present study examined the use of manipulating activity presentation formats and the use of interactions to increase activity engagement in eight older adults with Alzheimer's disease (AD) living in a special care unit of a nursing home. Three experiments, each using an alternating treatments design, were conducted. Experiment 1 compared two sets of activities (i.e., standard and novel) on engagement. The set of activities that produced the highest mean percentage of engagement (novel activities) was used throughout the subsequent two experiments. Experiment 2 evaluated the effects of three different activity presentation formats - providing single activities, providing activity choices, and providing multiple activities - on engagement. Results showed that providing multiple activities to participants produced the highest mean percentage of engagement when compared to providing a single activity or a choice of two activities. Experiment 3 assessed the effects of various levels of interactions on engagement. Minimal and typical amounts of interaction were provided to participants. Results from Experiment 3 revealed that engagement was higher when minimal interactions were provided for all participants than when a typical amount of interactions was provided. Results from these three experiments extended the literature on use of choice interventions and the amount of interactions to provide to nursing home residents in order to increase activity engagement. A behavior analytic account of the results is presented, implications are discussed, and future research in the area is recommended.
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Perfillon, Mike. "Etude de la variabilité comportementale Chez l'humain." Thesis, Lille 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL3H068.
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Etudier la variabilité comme variable pertinente pour comprendre le changement des comportements humains, tel a été le fil d’Ariane de cette thèse. Il existe en psychologie un large champ d’investigations, chacun d’eux offrant différentes perspectives pour appréhender le comportement humain. La pluralité de ces champs théoriques a une grande influence sur la manière dont certains concepts sont traités, la variabilité est un exemple du fruit de ces différences. En effet la variabilité a, durant des décennies, fait l’objet de nombreux débats : variable parasite ou variable pertinente pour étudier le comportement ? Si l’approche traditionnelle, de par ses conceptions théoriques opte fréquemment pour la première options, d’autres approches, qu’elles soient issues de l’analyse du comportement ou encore des approches dynamiques considèrent les variations comme une variable qui, si elle n’est pas toujours dépendante, peut être manipulée. Durant cette thèse nous avons adopté une approche comportementale, issue des perspectives sélectionnistes et qui propose d’étudier le comportement par le biais des contingences environnementales. Elle s’appuie sur l’idée selon laquelle les variations comportementales peuvent être considérées comme une dimension contrôlable par ses antécédents et conséquences. En adoptant cette perspective, nous proposons ici d’étudier l’effet des contingences de renforcement sur la variabilité comportementale chez l’humain. Pour ce faire nous avons proposé deux axes d’études : le premier portant sur la variabilité comportementale et la résistance aux changements, et le deuxième sur le rôle de la variabilité comportementale dans l’apprentissage de comportements émis à une faible probabilité.Le premier axe comprend deux expériences ayant pour but d’étudier la variabilité comportementale à travers le phénomène de résistance aux changements. Certaines études chez l’animal ont montré que lorsque l’on perturbe l’environnement, la variabilité comportementale est plus résistante aux changements que d’autres patterns comportementaux. Ce premier axe nous a permis de rendre compte des difficultés d’étudier un tel concept chez l’humain mais aussi de trouver des résultats identiques à la littérature animale. Le deuxième axe a eu pour objectif d’analyser l’implication des variations comportementales dans l’apprentissage de comportements apparaissant à une faible fréquence. Cet axe comprend une étude principale ainsi qu’une expérience pilote.Ces deux axes nous ont permis de montrer, dans la lignée des études chez l’animal, que la variabilité comportementale peut être altérée par des facteurs environnementaux et qu’elle peut jouer un rôle facilitateur dans l’Apprentissage. Ces observations nous donnent l’opportunité d’appréhender les variations comportementales sous un angle différent et peut nous permettre d’avoir une meilleur compréhension de processus d’apprentissage, de créativité, de résolution de problème, aussi bien chez l’animal que chez l’humain<br>This thesis aims at investigating behavioral variations as an important variable to study behavioral changes in Humans. Variability has been let apart in traditional psychology for several years. This situation is directly related to the different ways to encompass and define behavior in psychology. One important part of this thesis has been dedicated to underline the influence and the importance of these different perspectives on the study of behavior. In fact, the place of studies on behavioral variability in research can be considered as an illustration of these different perspectives.Our investigations have focused on two perspectives to introduce the place of behavioral variations in psychology: essentialism and functionalism. On the one hand essentialism defines behaviors according to their topographies, on the other hand functionalism focuses on the interaction between the environment and behaviors. Despite the common question and because of the differences on the research subject, behavioral variability is differently handled according to the paradigm of research. Indeed, from an essentialist perspective, behavioral variation is considered as a confounding variable which has logically been let apart. From a functionalist perspective, more precisely in selectionism, behavioral variability take an important place in behavioral selection.We adopted in our works a selectionist perspective in which behavioral variability is considered to be the result of environmental changes. Moreover, it shows that controlled variations can be implied on several aspects of behavioral changes. However, this thesis consists of experimental studies investigating behavioral variability in humans. Our experimental works can be divided into two axes:First, we investigated how environmental changes affect the persistence of variable behaviors. Studies with animals have shown that despite environmental disruptors, behavioral variability is more persistent to change than other behavioral patterns. These first studies aimed at investigating behavioral variability and at understanding the mechanism which might affect it.The second part of our experimental investigations dealt with the relation between behavioral variability and the acquisition of less probable behaviors. It can be divided into two experiences. We carried out a first experiment which demonstrates that behavioral variability facilitates the acquisition of less probable sequences. The second experience can be considered as a pilot study in which we investigated how variable responses can be transferred to other modalities.In the continuity of animal studies, this thesis has demonstrated that Behavioral variability can be altered by environmental variables and that it can facilitate the acquisition of rare responses. However, this Research provides a different perspective to encompass behavioral variation, it has enabled a better understanding of learning processes, creativity and solving problem in Humans
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Brubaker, Matthew W. "Apology as a leadership behavior| A meta-analysis with implications for organizational leaders." Thesis, Pepperdine University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3712131.
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<p> Leaders are frequently called to apologize on behalf of their organizations, in some cases skillfully resolving episodes of failure while meeting the unique, competing needs of diverse stakeholders. However, too often leaders handle apology poorly, exacerbating tense situations and alienating key constituents. This study is an examination of the practice of apology as a leadership behavior in an organizational context. To answer the question, <i>How might the existing literatures on apology be examined, integrated and refocused to apply specifically to leaders operating within an organizational context </i>? the study provides a meta-analysis of the diverse literatures that address the practice of apology. Examining literature from theology and philosophy, the social sciences, law, public relations and organizational management, the study builds a framework to understand and evaluate apology and its appropriate application to episodes of organizational failure. The literature integration and analysis demonstrates a diversity of perspectives on the definition of apology, its purpose and goals, the modes through which apology is delivered, the process or steps involved in apology, and the alternatives to apology. Using the adaptive leadership framework and a stakeholder management perspective on organization, the research is organized around the unique and distinct needs of organizational leaders. The Organizational Apology Model, offered in Chapter 5, provides a robust set of tools and examples designed to support organizational leaders considering the practice of apology.</p>
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Perrin, Frances A. "Progressive Response Effort Preference Assessments." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2009. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/34629.
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Educational Psychology<br>Ph.D.<br>The identification of preferred and reinforcing stimuli has long been a focus of behavior analysts in applied settings. Research has primarily focused on different methodologies for assessing whether stimuli are preferred and there has been additional research on identifying under what conditions those stimuli will function as reinforcers. Recently, research has begun to examine responses and reinforcers from a behavioral economic perspective. The present study compared responding in a situation where the price of one item was increased, but the price of alternative items remained the same, to a situation where the price of all available items increased. Multiple stimulus with replacement (MS) preference assessment methodology was used and price was altered by increasing the distance of the stimuli from the participant. During the first assessment, the item chosen most frequently in the first session was systematically moved 6 - 24 inches beyond the other items during subsequent sessions. During the second assessment, all items were systematically moved 6 - 24 inches beyond the starting point in front of the participant during subsequent sessions. Results for the first assessment indicated that for four of the five participants, consumption of the target item decreased as a function of increased price for that item. Results for the second assessment indicated that at high costs, clear preference for one item was observed for three of the five participants. Taken collectively, these results suggest that response effort is a variable that should be taken into consideration when evaluating effective treatments for individuals with disabilities. Preference and reinforcer effectiveness may shift as individuals are presented with tasks that require increased response effort in terms of reaching or moving about their environment.<br>Temple University--Theses
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Mitachi, Mami. "The effects of functional assessment and competing behavior analysis information on the behavioral support recommendations for students with problem behaviors by school personnel /." view abstract or download file of text, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p3045091.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2002.<br>Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 144-147). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users. Address: http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p3045091.
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Nyarambi, Arnold, and Q. Godbolt. "The Utility and Effectiveness of Behavioral Data Analyses Techniques: Function Matrix and Triangulation & Problem Behavior Pathway Analysis." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2014. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/8268.
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Churchill, Robert. "Identification of environmental determinants of behavior disorders through functional analysis of precursor behaviors." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2001. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2814/.
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Methods for the determining the functional properties of problem behaviors are necessary for the design of successful treatments. Many of the currently utilized methodologies are chosen based on their speed, ease of application or for the perceived risk-reduction they afford. However, when thoroughly analyzed many of these methods fall short of their intended purpose. The current study attempted to assess dangerous problem behavior through a functional assessment of functionally related precursor behaviors during analog sessions. Results indicate that for three participants, placing the reinforcing contingencies on these related precursor behaviors produced differentiated outcomes during the assessment. These outcomes matched the outcomes of assessments of the more dangerous problem behaviors.
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English, Carie L. "Effects of familiar versus unfamiliar therapists on responding in the analog functional analysis." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2002. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=2401.
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Thesis (M.A.)--West Virginia University, 2002.<br>Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains [iii], 53 p. : ill. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 33-38).
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McCurdy, Alex J. "Effects of a group-deposit prize draw on the step counts of adults." Scholarly Commons, 2019. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/3590.
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The World Health Organization (WHO, 2016) reports that 3.2 million deaths per year are attributable to physical inactivity, making it the fourth leading risk factor for global mortality. Physical inactivity is also a key risk factor for noncommunicable diseases such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, and diabetes (WHO, 2018). Globally, 1 in 4 adults is not active enough and, therefore, foregoes a myriad of health benefits associated with Physical Activity (PA; WHO, 2018). In the United States, only about 1 in 5 (21%) adults meet the 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines set by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC, 2018). The CDC currently recommends adults engage in 150 min of moderate-intensity aerobic activity per week (CDC, 2018). Translated to steps, the recommendation can be met by taking 3,000 steps in 30 min, 5 days per week (Marshall et al., 2009). Physical inactivity is also a major contributor to obesity (WHO, 2018). According to the WHO (2018), worldwide prevalence of obesity almost tripled since 1975. In the United States, the medical costs of obesity were estimated to be $147 billion, or 10% of all medical spending (Finkelstein, Trogdon, Cohen, & Dietz, 2009). To combat the many problems associated with physical inactivity, the CDC (2015), the WHO (2018), and the American Heart Association (2018) prescribe increased PA. Furthermore, increased PA contributes to a variety of other health benefits, including a decreased risk for cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, some cancers, as well as improved mental health, and increased life expectancy (CDC, 2018).
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Swinton, Jonathan J. "Adoptees and behavior problems: A meta-analysis." Diss., Kansas State University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/13098.
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Doctor of Philosophy<br>Department of Family Studies and Human Services<br>Jared R. Anderson<br>Sandra M. Stith<br>Adoption trends have shifted in the past two decades and as a result, could impact established assumptions about behavior problems among adopted children. A comprehensive meta-analysis was published in 2005 attempting to come to more definitive conclusions regarding adoption behavior and moderators of adoption behavior. However, the study used a sample from over a dozen countries over a 44 year span. This study is a meta-analysis that has replicated many of the questions investigated by the previous analysis with a much more recent 15 year sample of adoptees placed only within the United States. The results show that combined international and domestic adoptee samples, as well as separate international and domestic adoptee samples are more likely to have total, externalizing, and internalizing behavior problems than their non-adopted counterparts. In addition, age at time of assessment, gender of adoptees, and length of time spent with adoptive family may moderate some of the behavior problems experienced by adoptees. Pre-adoptive adversity, age at time of assessment, and study quality were not shown to have moderating influence on behavior of adoptees.
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Shea, Jessica Lauren. "Verbal Operant Transfer with Mands and Tacts Using Multiple Exemplars." Scholar Commons, 2013. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4769.
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Research on the functional independence of tacts and mands is mixed. The conditions under which tact training transfers to mands are unclear. The current study evaluated whether multiple exemplars of tact training followed by mand training would result in the independent transfer from tacts to mands. It was shown that all three participants started manding for the item independently during tact training after one sequence of tact training followed by mand training.
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Strickland-Cohen, Monica, and Monica Strickland-Cohen. "An Examination of the Efficacy of Training School Personnel to Build Behavioral Interventions from Functional Behavioral Assessment Information." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/12550.
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The current study evaluated the efficacy of a training series designed to teach typical school-based behavior support professionals to build behavioral interventions from functional behavioral assessment (FBA) information. The study was conducted in three stages. First, a descriptive assessment examined the extent to which typical school team leaders demonstrated knowledge of core behavior support plan (BSP) development features following a four-part training series on the development and implementation of function based supports. The second stage of the study assessed the extent to which participants who met criteria for BSP development during training were then able to lead a typical school team in building a BSP that was perceived by expert behavior analysts as "technically sound." In the final stage, a nonconcurrent multiple-baseline design was used to determine if there is a functional relationship between implementation of BSPs led by typical school-team leaders who received the training and improvement in the level of student problem behavior.
Thirteen school professionals participated in four 1-hour "From Basic FBA to BSP" training sessions. A post test analysis of BSP knowledge indicated that the participants ended training with the knowledge needed to use FBA information to develop student BSPs. Six of the 13 professionals went on to lead school-based teams in the development of BSPs that were rated by outside experts as technically adequate. Direct observation data were collected on student behavior during the implementation of five of the six resulting BSPs, and decreases in problem behavior and increases in academic engagement were seen for all five student participants. Additionally, participating team leaders and classroom staff indicated that they found the procedures and tools used to be both acceptable and effective. These results document preliminary findings supporting the efficacy of a four-part training series used to teach typical school staff to use FBA data in designing student BSPs. Further implications for practice in schools and directions for future research are discussed.
26
Moscoso, Manolete S. "Toward a cognitive analysis of behavioral change: the pro active social behavior." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 1996. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/101192.
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This article presents an analysis of the pro active social behavior construct based on the sociallearning theory. Self efficacy is briefly reviewed and discussed in the context of Bandura' s conceptual work. Reference is made to cognitive variables such as values and beliefs, as fundamental principies in the development of the pro active social behavior. I examine che distinctions between fears of failure, success, and rejection as they relate to the process of self sabotage. Comments are made on the transformation of meaning and its benefits on fear extinction. Finally, I briefly describe the principies of the associative neurophysiological conditioning as a therapeutic program for the management of emocional states by the individual.<br>Este artículo presenta un análisis del Comportamiento Social Pro Activo utilizando como modelo la teoría del aprendizaje social. Se revisa el concepto de autoeficacia, originalmente propuesto por Bandura, y se hace referencia a variables de tipo cognitivo tales como los sistemas de valores y creencias. Se examinan las distinciones entre el temor al fracaso, al éxito, al rechazo, y su relación con el proceso de autosabotaje. Asimismo se discute la importancia de la transformación del significado y sus beneficios en la extinción del temor. Se presenta un modelo conceptual del control de los estados emocionales y sus implicancias en el proceso de la acción. Finalmente, se describen las premisas fundamentales del Condicionamiento Neurofisiológico Asociativo como un programa terapéutico que facilita el manejo de los estados emocionales de la persona.
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Strickland, Justin Charles. "EXAMINING THE UTILITY OF BEHAVIORAL ECONOMIC DEMAND IN ADDICTION SCIENCE." UKnowledge, 2019. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/psychology_etds/154.
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The marriage of perspectives from behavioral economic theory and learning theory has the potential to advance an understanding of substance use and substance use disorder. Behavioral economic demand is a central concept to this interdisciplinary approach. Evaluating demand in the laboratory and clinic can improve previous research on the relative reinforcing effects of drugs by accounting for the multi-dimensional nature of reinforcement rather than viewing reinforcement as a unitary construct. Recent advances in the commodity purchase task methodology have further simplified the measurement of demand values in human participants. This dissertation project presents a programmatic series of studies designed to demonstrate the utility of using a behavioral economic demand framework and the purchase task methodology for understanding substance use disorder through basic and applied science research. Experiments are presented spanning a continuum from theoretical and methodological development to longitudinal work and clinical application. These experiments demonstrate three key conclusions regarding behavioral economic demand. First, behavioral economic demand provides a reliable and valid measure of drug valuation that is applicable to varied drug types and participant populations. Second, behavioral economic demand is a stimulus-selective measure specifically reflecting valuation for the commodity under study. Third, behavioral economic demand provides incremental information about substance use in the laboratory and clinical setting above and beyond traditional measures of reinforcer valuation and other behavioral economic variables. These findings collectively highlight the benefits of behavioral economic demand and provide an important platform for future work in addiction science.
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Hayes, Kate. "A Qualitative Analysis of Student Behavior and Language During Group Problem Solving." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2009. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/HayesK2009.pdf.
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Fowler, Stephanie L. "Predictors of Self-Injurious Behaviors: A Person by Situation Analysis of Health-Compromising Behavior." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1365090374.
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Wolf, Roxanne Smith Richard G. "Multiple-respondent anecdotal assessments for behavior disorders an analysis of interrater agreement and correspondence with treatment outcomes /." [Denton, Tex.] : University of North Texas, 2007. http://digital.library.unt.edu/permalink/meta-dc-3596.
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Vallinger, Tricia Marie. "Use of Checklists to Increase Staff Performance on Documentation of Session Notes in an ABA Facility." Youngstown State University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu161795751381874.
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Baton, Emily. "An Evaluation of the Effectiveness of a Social Skills Application for Children who are Homeless." Scholar Commons, 2016. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6179.
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Researchers have found children who are homeless are twice as likely to develop learning disabilities when compared with non-homeless children and three times as likely to develop emotional and behavioral problems (Bessuk et al., 2014). Additionally, homeless children are more likely to have deficits in regards to social skills (DiBiase & Waddell, 1995; National Child Traumatic Stress Network Homelessness and Extreme Poverty Working Group, 2005), however no known research has specifically explored increasing social skill deficits among homeless children. The purpose of the current research was to a) extend the research on using technology to teach social skills to homeless children and b) examine the efficacy of using the Let’s Be Social application (Everyday Speech, 2015) to teach social skills with the addition of Behavioral Skills Training (BST) if needed. The results of this study showed that participants demonstrated substantial increases in all three social skills after the BST intervention. With the exception of one participant, Sandy, whose baseline levels for one behavior (sharing) met criteria for the skill and did not need further intervention.
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Coburn, Grace V. "A Psychological Analysis of Behavioral Consumerism: Advertising, Decision-Making, and its Implications for Retailers." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2015. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1014.
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Advertising is a ubiquitous and substantial influence in consumerism, prompting psychological decision-making processes and behavioral consumerism. Selective marketing, advertising, and merchandising can only be successful when the processes within populations are identified and modified to fit the consumer. This paper examines psychological concepts surrounding the complex variables of decision-making. It will discuss relevant literature and empirical evidence that are imperative to further studies of behavioral consumerism. Such concepts that will be examined include: the elaboration likelihood model, regulatory focus theory, paradox of choice, as well as consumer variables such as influences of personality and maximizers versus satisficers. It then addresses these concepts through the lens of advertising and merchandising, and explores effective applications for behavioral persuasion and the implications for retailers.
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Anbro, Steven James. "An Evaluation of the Efficacy of Interteaching in an Undergraduate Classroom." OpenSIUC, 2015. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/1619.
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Interteaching has emerged as one of the newest behaviorally-based pedagogical approaches in recent research. The present study evaluated the use of interteaching as a pedagogical approach in the context of an undergraduate behavior analysis class. 24 participants were alternated in a counterbalanced manner between interteaching classes and standard lecture format classes throughout the duration of the class. No significant differences were found between mean class quiz scores between the two conditions. However, 16 of the 24 students did have significantly higher mean quiz scores following interteaching than lecture when comparing mean quiz scores at the individual level.
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Barrett, Shaun Michael. "The Effects of Video Modeling on the Adult Implementation of PECS Phase 1A." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1502878106722814.
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Espinosa-Carrasco, José. "Big behavioral data analysis : computational methods for the study of continuous recordings behavior." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/552411.
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New high-throughput behavioral systems enable the recording of continuous behavioral sequences with an unprecedented richness of signals and a deep temporal resolution. Automated systems offer neuroscience the opportunity to tackle in a new way the old question of how the brain orchestrates behavior and ultimately understand brain function itself, however, they accumulate large amounts of data leading to what is being termed Big Behavioral Data. The manipulation, analysis and contextualization of these data to obtain useful biological insights is not a trivial problem. This thesis presents Pergola, a computational framework to comprehensively analyze spontaneous longitudinal behaviors. Pergola provides access to a large set of mature genomic bioinformatics tools for the analysis and visualization of continuous behavioral recordings. I also explored multidimensional analysis techniques to help reducing the huge spatio-temporal dimensionality derived from behavioral recordings, and the high variability associated to all behavioral paradigms. This problem is addressed adapting Principal Component Analysis (PCA) for statistical inference on complex behaviors such as the recognition of learning strategies.<br>Els nous sistemes d’alt rendiment per l’estudi del comportament permeten el enregistrement de senyals continues de comportament amb una riquesa de senyals i una resolució temporal sense precedents. Els sistemes automàtics ofereixen a la neurociència la oportunitat d’abordar d’una nova manera la vella qüestió de com el cervell orquestra el comportament i finalment entendre la pròpia funció cerebral, però a la vegada acumulen grans quantitats de dades, el que s’ha vingut a anomenar Big Behavioral Data. La manipulació, anàlisis i contextualització d’aquestes enormes quantitats de dates per a obtenir coneixements biològics útils no és un problema trivial. Aquesta tesi presenta Pergola, un marc computacional per analitzar exhaustivament els comportaments espontanis longitudinals. Pèrgola ofereix accés a un ampli conjunt d'eines madures de la bioinformàtica genòmica que poden ser usades per a l'anàlisi i visualització d'enregistraments contínues de comportament. També he explorat tècniques d'anàlisi multidimensionals per ajudar a reduir l'enorme dimensió espai-temporal derivada dels enregistraments de comportament, i l'alta variabilitat associada a tots els paradigmes de comportament. He adreçat aquest problema mitjançant l'Anàlisi de Components Principals (PCA) per la inferència estadística de comportaments complexos com per exemple, el reconeixement de les estratègies d'aprenentatge.
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CARMO, LEONARDO CORREA DO. "BEHAVIORAL FINANCE: AN ANALYSIS OF THE BEHAVIOR DIFFERENCES BETWEEN INSTITUTIONAL INVESTORS AND INDIVIDUALS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2005. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=6689@1.
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Os modelos clássicos da Moderna Teoria de Finanças são
apoiados
na racionalidade, onde o investidor utiliza a curva de
utilidade para
maximizar seu bem estar. No entanto, diversos estudos
revelam que nem
sempre o processo decisório ocorre de maneira racional,
levando o
investidor, muitas vezes, a decisões equivocadas. As
chamadas Finanças
Comportamentais surgem para contestar o pressuposto da
racionalidade
ilimitada. Ela incorpora a psicologia e a sociologia aos
modelos clássicos
com o objetivo de melhor entender o processo decisório no
ambiente de
finanças. Este trabalho pretende analisar alguns aspectos
comportamentais e comparar a susceptibilidade de dois
grupos de
investidores a esses aspectos: os investidores
institucionais e os
investidores individuais. Para comparar e testar essa
susceptibilidade,
foram enviados questionários aos dois grupos de
investidores. As
respostas foram analisadas através de testes estatísticos.
Os testes
indicaram que os investidores individuais estão
suscetíveis a mais vieses
comportamentais do que os investidores institucionais.<br>The classical models of the Modern Finance Theory are
based on
the rationality, where the investor uses the utility curve
to maximize his
wealth. However, many studies show that the decision
process does not
always occur in a rational manner, leading the investor,
many times, to
wrong decisions. The Behavior Finance appears to question
the
assumption of the unlimited rationality. It incorporates
the psychology and
the sociology to the classical models with the purpose of
better
understanding the decision process in the financial
environmental. This
work intends to analyze certain behavior aspects and
compare the
susceptibility of two groups of investors to such aspects:
the institutional
investors and the individual investors. To compare and
test such
susceptibility, questionnaires have been sent to such two
groups of
investors. The answers were analyzed through statistics
tests. Such tests
indicated that the individual investors are more
susceptible to behavior
tendencies then institutional investors.
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Baker, Tarra L. "Does nicotine alter what is learned about non-drug incentives?" Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2014. https://dc.etsu.edu/honors/203.
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Nicotine is one of the most addictive drugs known to man, yet it has limited reinforcing effects in humans and non-human animals when it is not self-administered in tobacco products. One hypothesis for these paradoxical effects of nicotine is that the effects of the drug in the brain alter acquisition of incentive learning. The hypothesis for this study is that nicotine will increase the value of cues paired with a reward. To test this hypothesis, 26 Sprague Dawley Male rats were randomly assigned to one of three groups Pre-NIC (the critical experimental group), Post-NIC and SAL. Each group received a subcutaneous injection 15 min prior to testing and another injection 1-3 h after testing. For the Pre-NIC group, nicotine (0.4 mg/kg base) was injected 15 min before test sessions; placebo was administered after testing. For the Post-NIC group the order of injections was reversed, and this manipulation controls for total exposure to nicotine. The SAL groups received placebo injections before and after testing. Rats were shaped to respond for 10% sucrose for pressing an illuminated nose-key (Experiment 1) or 0.2% saccharin for pressing a lever (Experiment 2). Responding in the Pre-NIC group was higher than all other groups in Experiment 2 (saccharin reward); however, responding in the three groups was similar in Experiment 1 (sucrose reward). This paradigm highlights how nicotine can increase motivation for rewards, but that the facility of operant behaviors and caloric value of the reward may mask this effect.
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Raulston, Tracy. "Effects of the Practiced Routines Parent Training Program on Behavioral Strategy Use, Parental Well-Being, and Child Challenging Behavior in Parents of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/23119.
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In this study, a concurrent randomized multiple baseline across three parent-child dyads single-case design was employed to evaluate the effects of a brief three-week parent training program, titled Practiced Routines. The Practiced Routines parent training program included positive behavior supports (PBS) and mindfulness strategies within the context of natural family routines. Three mothers and their children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) participated. Visual analysis combined with a standardized mean difference analysis revealed mixed results with a medium effect found for increases in parent behavioral strategy use and small effects found for reductions in parent stress and child challenging behavior. All three mothers rated the social validity of the Practiced Routine program favorably. Implications for science and practice in educational and behavior health early intervention for families of children with ASD are discussed.
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Stone, Brett A. "Reduce Challenging Behaviors and Enhance Functioning in Youth with an Intellectual Disability: A Meta-Analysis of Behavioral Interventions Using Single Case Design." Scholar Commons, 2018. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7368.
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Approximately 1.8% of students in the public school system have an intellectual disability or Autism Spectrum Disorder. These disabilities cause impairment in multiple domains of functioning. If these students also have challenging behaviors, such as noncompliance, aggression, and stereotypies, these behaviors have been found to cause impairment over and beyond those of the core symptoms associated with the disability. Challenging behaviors in youth with developmental disabilities do not typically subside on their own and need intervention. Thankfully, there are evidence-based behavioral interventions for individuals with developmental disabilities to reduce challenging behaviors and increase more functional behaviors including Applied Behavioral Analysis, Functional Behavioral Analysis, and School-Wide Positive Behavioral Support and Interventions (SWPBIS). There has been much research and positive effects found on the effectiveness of behavioral interventions for individuals with developmental disabilities, and there have been numerous meta-analyses conducted to synthesize these results. However, there have been only a few meta-analyses examining the effectiveness of school-based behavioral interventions for youth with developmental disabilities. A gap in the literature exists in understanding the effectiveness of behavioral interventions in schools from a SWPBIS perspective for youth with developmental disabilities. There also is a need to examine a wider range of dates and to examine the use of parametric statistical metrics. The current study addressed these issues by conducting a meta-analysis of single-case design studies over approximately the past 20 years to add to the current understanding of the effect of school-based behavioral interventions on behavioral outcomes of youth with developmental disabilities. Additionally, moderator analyses were conducted on numerous participant, intervention, and study characteristics that have been deemed important in the literature. The effect size of behavioral interventions on youths’ behavioral outcomes was determined through the use of a parametric statistical method, hierarchical linear modeling. The effect size was found to be large for a single case design synthesis of 3.31 and there were two moderating effects located, one being the type of classroom a participant was educated in and the other the type of specific outcome studied. The current study is important for decision makers in schools in terms of deciding on the specifics of behavioral interventions for youth with an intellectual disability. Additionally, the results of the study may be pertinent to other practitioners who work with youth is schools and their caregivers so that they can utilize school-based interventions to help increase the presentation of appropriate behaviors and reduction of challenging behaviors.
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Thompson, Michelle. "Understanding the effectiveness of functional behavioral assessments and functional behavioral analysis in the school setting." Menomonie, WI : University of Wisconsin--Stout, 2005. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2005/2005thompsonm.pdf.
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Beniamine, David. "Analyzing the memory behavior of parallel scientific applications." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAM088/document.
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Depuis plusieurs décennies, afin de réduire la consommation énergétique des processeurs, les constructeurs fabriquent des ordinateurs de plus en plus parallèles.Dans le même temps, l'écart de fréquence entre les processeurs et la mémoire a significativement augmenté.Pour compenser cet écart, les processeurs modernes embarquent une hiérarchie de caches complexe.Développer un programme efficace sur de telles machines est une tâche complexe.Par conséquent, l'analyse de performance est devenue une étape majeure lors du développement d'applications requérant des performances.La plupart des outils d'analyse de performances se concentrent sur le point de vue du processeur.Ces outils voient la mémoire comme une entité monolithique et sont donc incapable de comprendre comment elle est accédée.Cependant, la mémoire est une ressource critique et les schémas d'accès à cette dernière peuvent impacter les performances de manière significative.Quelques outils permettant l'analyse de performances mémoire existent, cependant ils sont basé sur un échantillon age à large grain.Par conséquent, ces outils se concentrent sur une petite partie de l’Exécution et manquent le comportement global de l'application.De plus, l'échantillonnage à large granularité ne permet pas de collecter des schémas d'accès.Dans cette thèse, nous proposons deux outils différences pour analyser le comportement mémoire d'une application.Le premier outil est conçu spécifiquement pour pour les machines NUMA (Not Uniform Memory Accesses) et fournit plusieurs visualisations du schéma global de partage de chaque structure de données entre les flux d’ExécutionLe deuxième outil collecte des traces mémoires a grain fin avec information temporelles.Nous proposons de visualiser ces traces soit à l'aide d'un outil générique de gestion de traces soit en utilisant une approche programmatique basé sur R.De plus nous évaluons ces deux outils en les comparant a des outils existant de trace mémoire en terme de performances, précision et de complétude<br>Since a few decades, to reduce energy consumption, processor vendors builds more and more parallel computers.At the same time, the gap between processors and memory frequency increased significantly.To mitigate this gap, processors embed a complex hierarchical caches architectureWriting efficient code for such computers is a complex task.Therefore, performance analysis has became an important step of the development of applications seeking for performances.Most existing performance analysis tools focuses on the point of view of the processor.Theses tools see the main memory as a monolithic entity and thus are not able to understand how it is accessed.However, memory is a common bottleneck in High Performances Computing, and the pattern of memory accesses can impact significantly the performances.There are a few tools to analyze memory performances, however theses tools are based on a coarse grain sampling.Consequently, they focus on a small part of the execution missing the global memory behavior.Furthermore, these coarse grain sampling are not able to collect memory accesses patterns.In this thesis we propose two different tools to analyze the memory behavior of an application.The first tool is designed specifically for Not Uniform Memory Accesses machines and provides some visualizations of the global sharing pattern inside each data structure between the threads.The second one collects fine grain memory traces with temporal information.We can visualize theses traces either with a generic trace management framework or with a programmatic exploration using R.Furthermore we evaluate both of these tools, comparing them with state of the art memory analysis tools in terms of performances, precision and completeness
43
Panidi, Ksenia. "Essays to the application of behavioral economic concepts to the analysis of health behavior." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209674.
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In this thesis I apply the concepts of Behavioral Economics to the analysis of the individual health care behavior. In the first chapter I provide a theoretical explanation of the link between loss aversion and health anxiety leading to infrequent preventive testing. In the second chapter I analyze this link empirically based on the general population questionnaire study. In the third chapter I theoretically explore the effects of motivational crowding-in and crowding-out induced by external or self-rewards for the self-control involving tasks such as weight loss or smoking cessation.<p><p>Understanding psychological factors behind the reluctance to use preventive testing is a significant step towards a more efficient health care policy. Some people visit doctors very rarely because of a fear to receive negative results of medical inspection, others prefer to resort to medical services in order to prevent any diseases. Recent research in the field of Behavioral Economics suggests that human's preferences may be significantly influenced by the choice of a reference point. In the first chapter I study the link between loss aversion and the frequently observed tendency to avoid useful but negative information (the ostrich effect) in the context of preventive health care choices. I consider a model with reference-dependent utility that allows to characterize how people choose their health care strategy, namely, the frequency of preventive checkups. In this model an individual lives for two periods and faces a trade-off. She makes a choice between delaying testing until the second period with the risk of a more costly treatment in the future, or learning a possibly unpleasant diagnosis today, that implies an emotional loss but prevents an illness from further development. The model shows that high loss aversion decreases the frequency of preventive testing due to the fear of a bad diagnosis. Moreover, I show that under certain conditions increasing risk of illness discourages testing.<p><p>In the second chapter I provide empirical support for the model predictions. I use a questionnaire study of a representative sample of the Dutch population to measure variables such as loss aversion, testing frequency and subjective risk. I consider the undiagnosed non-symptomatic population and concentrate on medical tests for four illnesses that include hypertension, diabetes, chronic lung disease and cancer. To measure loss aversion I employ a sequence of lottery questions formulated in terms of gains and losses of life years with respect to the current subjective life expectancy. To relate this measure of loss aversion to the testing frequency I use a two-part modeling approach. This approach distinguishes between the likelihood of participation in testing and the frequency of tests for those who decided to participate. The main findings confirm that loss aversion, as measured by lottery choices in terms of life expectancy, is significantly and negatively associated with the decision to participate in preventive testing for hypertension, diabetes and lung disease. Higher loss aversion also leads to lower frequency of self-tests for cancer among women. The effect is more pronounced in magnitude for people with higher subjective risk of illness.<p><p>In the third chapter I explore the phenomena of crowding-out and crowding-in of motivation to exercise self-control. Various health care choices, such as keeping a diet, reducing sugar consumption (e.g. in case of diabetes) or abstaining from smoking, require costly self-control efforts. I study the long-run and short-run influence of external and self-rewards offered to stimulate self-control. In particular, I develop a theoretical model based on the combination of the dual-self approach to the analysis of the time-inconsistency problem with the principal-agent framework. I show that the psychological property of disappointment aversion (represented as loss aversion with respect to the expected outcome) helps to explain the differences in the effects of rewards when a person does not perfectly know her self-control costs. The model is based on two main assumptions. First, a person learns her abstention costs only if she exerts effort. Second, observing high abstention costs brings disutility due to disappointment (loss) aversion. The model shows that in the absence of external reward an individual will exercise self-control only when her confidence in successful abstention is high enough. However, observing high abstention costs will discourage the individual from exerting effort in the second period, i.e. will lead to the crowding-out of motivation. On the contrary, choosing zero effort in period 1 does not reveal the self-control costs. Hence, this preserves the person's self-confidence helping her to abstain in the second period. Such crowding-in of motivation is observed for the intermediate level of self-confidence. I compare this situation to the case when an external reward is offered in the first period. The model shows that given a sufficiently low self-confidence external reward may lead to abstention in both periods. At the same time, without it a person would not abstain in any period. However, for an intermediate self-confidence, external reward may lead to the crowding-out of motivation. For the same level of self-confidence, the absence of such reward may cause crowding-in. Overall, the model generates testable predictions and helps to explain contradictory empirical findings on the motivational effects of different types of rewards.<br>Doctorat en Sciences économiques et de gestion<br>info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Peixinho, Rúben M. T. "How do analysts deal with bad news? : going-concern opinions and analyst behaviour." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/3429.
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Security analysts play a central role in the functioning of financial markets through their privileged position as intermediaries between firms and investors. Analyst activity is important to reduce information uncertainty but it is not unbiased. On the one hand, the literature shows that these sophisticated agents promote market efficiency by facilitating the incorporation of new information into stock prices. On the other hand, there is evidence that analysts underreact to negative information and that they tend to be optimistic about firms they follow. Recent studies show that the market does not assimilate immediately the disclosure of a first-time going-concern modified (GCM) audit report. This accounting event is part of a wide range of bad news events which investors are particularly inefficient at dealing with. My thesis explores how analysts deal with the GCM audit report and whether they facilitate the correct assimilation of such information into stock prices. In particular, I use a sample of 924 firms for which their auditors disclose a GCM audit report for the first-time between 01.01.1994 and 31.12.2005. I find that security analysts anticipate the publication of a first-time GCM audit report. My results show that within the one-year period before the GCM disclosure, security analysts downgrade the average recommendation for GCM firms from “buy” to “hold” whereas similar non-GCM firms maintain an average “buy” rating. A number of robustness tests confirm that this finding is not sensitive to the criteria used to select the non-GCM control firm. Moreover, analysts are more likely to cease coverage of GCM firms prior to the GCM event than for matched control firms. In addition, I show that analysts react to the publication of a GCM audit report by ceasing coverage of GCM firms. My results suggest that investors do not recognize an average “hold” recommendation for a stock of a firm immediately before the announcement of a GCM audit report as an unfavourable message even considering that it represents a downgrade from a previous “buy” rating. In particular, I find that the negative short-term market reaction to the publication of a GCM audit report is significantly higher for firms with pre-event analyst coverage compared to firms with no pre-event analyst coverage. This suggests that analyst activity may be misleading the market in terms of the saliency of pre-GCM unfavourable news by issuing “disconfirming opinions” to the market and thus increasing the “surprise” associated with the publication of a GCM audit report. In addition, I show that analyst post-GCM coverage does not increase the efficiency with which the market assimilates the GCM audit report into stock prices. In particular, I fail to find significant differences between the post-GCM return performance of covered firms compared to firms with no analyst coverage. However, I show that the percentage of covered firms following the GCM disclosure is significantly higher for those with best post-GCM return performance than for those with worst post-GCM return performance. This suggests that post-GCM return performance explains the decision of analysts to cover GCM firms but analyst coverage does not influence significantly the post-GCM return performance of such firms. Overall, my thesis contributes to the accounting and finance literature by showing that analyst activity is not providing investors with adequate value-relevant information for their investment decisions in the GCM bad news domain. Firstly, the reluctance of analysts to issue a clear unfavourable message about the stocks of GCM firms seems to explain why the “surprise” associated with the publication of a GCM audit report is greater for covered firms than for non-covered firms. Secondly, the tendency of analysts to cease coverage of GCM firms and the low level of analyst coverage following the GCM announcement may explain why analyst coverage does not reduce the magnitude of the post-GCM negative drift. As such, analyst contribution to the price-discovery process in this case is likely confined to firms with high levels of analyst coverage.
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Williams, Jack Keith. "A Behavioral Economic Analysis of the Effects of Unit Price Sequence on Demand for Money in Humans." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2002. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3107/.
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Three groups of participants were exposed to different unit price sequences. Unit prices for all groups ranged from unit price 1 to 21. Analyses of demand curves, response rates, session duration, and elasticity coefficients suggest that the sequence of exposure to unit prices can affect the elasticity of demand. In addition, the size of unit price contrast, direction of unit price change, and proximity to experimental milestones also may affect the consumption of monetary reinforcers.
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Suberman, Rachel. "Teaching Caregivers to Implement Speech-Generating Device-Based Mand Training: Evaluating the Efficacy of Behavioral Skills Training." Scholar Commons, 2017. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7094.
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Many individuals with developmental disabilities do not develop vocal repertoires. Thus, teaching the use of an augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) device is imperative. A speech-generating device (SGD) is an example of an AAC that is universally understood. Individuals with developmental disabilities have been taught to communicate using such device. Teaching caregivers to conduct communication training with their children may be one to way to foster communication in an individual’s natural environment. Thus, the purpose of this study was to extend previous research by using behavioral skills training (BST) to teach caregivers to implement SGD-based mand training using an adapted training sequence. Additionally, we evaluated whether training caregivers to implement mand training with their children resulted in an increase of independent mands in their children. This study found that BST was effective in teaching caregivers to implement SGD-based mand training with their children. Additionally, independent mands increased from pre-training to post-training observations for two children.
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Pritchett, Leah D. "Noncontingent Reinforcement and Decreasing Problem Behaviors with Students with Special Needs and Its Effect on Teacher Behavior." TopSCHOLAR®, 2017. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1934.
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A pilot study of noncontingent reinforcement (NCR) was conducted using NCR statements to (a) decrease target behaviors, (b) increase unprompted praise statements from the teacher and decrease reprimands, and (c) increase proximity to the participants by the teacher implementing NCR. Data were collected using a single-subject research design on two participants and one teacher. The target behaviors were physical and verbal aggression and inappropriate gestures. Teacher behaviors targeted with this study were praise statements, reprimands, and proximity to students. The participants included were one 16-year-old student with an emotional behavior disability, one 18-year-old student identified with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and an undergraduate student who was the teacher in this setting. The results were inconclusive regarding the students’ behavior due to confounding variables. However, regarding teacher behavior, the results demonstrated an increase in proximity and praise statements and a decrease in reprimands. This single-subject study provided empirical support that the NCR intervention positively altered teacher behavior.
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Zettel, Nalen Catherine M. "Comparitive [sic] behavioral analysis of oviposition behavior in Aedes and Culex mosquitoes and the impact of pathogen infection on oviposition behavior." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0024842.
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Waters, James Wiedenbeck Susan. "Engagement, role-behaviors and thought-leaders. An analysis of student behavior in asynchronous online learning environments /." Philadelphia, Pa. : Drexel University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1860/3120.
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Walsh, Caitlin Brianna. "Hike Your Own Hike: Cosmopolitanism and Applied Behavior Analysis Explored Through SPN." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2017. http://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/708.
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Ever since I started working with animals, I felt an intrinsic motivation to develop relationships based on trust and mutual admiration. Working in the horse world, I became dismayed at the coercive methods used to assure progress and achieve competition goals. I moved to Burlington to pursue a career helping children. Working as a behavior interventionist I felt peace and satisfaction as I utilized my previous skills and knowledge learned from my work with animals and my undergraduate education. After about a year of work, I started to become frustrated and dismayed at the treatment of some of our children. This SPN thesis is an exploration of those challenges and who I wish to become as I move forward in my career.