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Eriksson, Magnus. "Energy optimization, Sobacken biogas plant." Thesis, Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet, Institutionen för energi och teknik, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-122334.
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In order to make the biogas plant at Sobacken located 8 km west of Borås more
profitable you must become aware of flows at the plant. This not only concerning the
incoming waste to the plant but also the use of energy. Since the rebuilding in 2005 of
the plant there has been no follow up concerning the energy use. This thesis is meant
to clarify the use of electricity and heat at the plant. The work determining the use of
energy at Sobacken biogas plant has been done by collecting data from documentation
from the builder Läckeby Water but also by obtaining information from the computer
systems and frequency converters. The results of the study and its calculations shows
that the plant uses approximately 3,2 GWh of electricity per year and 3,1 GWh of
biogas, produced at the plant for heating per year. The production of biogas is
corresponding to 17,7 Gwh per year of which 14,1 GWh reaches the distribution
network. The biogas is used by the city buses but could also be used by private car
owners in Borås refuelling at the newly built tank station at Åhaga. The study does
not only show that the process consumes 6,3 Gwh per year to produce 14,1 Gwh
per year, there is also a large amount of energy being released in secondary energy
flows. These energy flows consists mostly by heat form the cooling system which
could potentially be recovered by heat exchangers and used to heat the process.
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von, Heideken Philip. "Building and controlling a prototype biogas plant." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för teknikvetenskaper, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-298457.
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The purpose of this project is to build a prototype biogas plant with a cheap control system. The plant is a prototype of a real plant, onto which the control system is to be attached in the future. The prototype does not produce gas, since it has water and air as input substances. The substances are however controlled in the same way as in a gas producing plant. The plant is built mostly of garden hose equipment and plastic buckets. The control system consists of several Arduino Nano which reads sensor values and process the data. All necessary sensor values are displayed by a computer on a graphic interface written in Labview. The result was a functional control system with some issues as unbalance between outflowing and inflowing amount of water in the digester, difficulties with calibration of the temperature sensor. Therefore it needs further work and testing before attaching on the real plant.
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Myhrum, Sletmoen Ingeborg, and Matilda Carlsson. "Optimization of a biogas plant with macroalgae, Grenada." Thesis, KTH, Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-281695.
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For several years, blooming of algae around the Caribbean islands, including Grenada, has been an issue. This influenced AlgaeFuel Technology into looking at the possibility of biogas production with macroalgal biomass in Grenada. Grenada is dependent on fossil fuels to meet its energy needs. Using the algae for producing biogas could possibly decrease greenhouse gas emissions. There are different factors affecting the production of biogas and therefore, the purpose of this project is to optimize a biogas plant with the use of macroalgal biomass, with focus in Grenada. A literature review was made to gain more knowledge about biogas production through anaerobic digestion, particularly by using macroalgae as biomass. An experiment was made through building four biogas plants in mini format with guidelines from the Swedish University of Agriculture Science. Each plant was fed with different combination of biomass to be compared in biogas production. The result from the experiment gave no clear differences in biogas production which most likely was due to errors during the experiment. Optimizing of a biogas plant includes several aspects. Pretreatment has shown to be an effective way of increasing the methane yield and the biogas production rate. Temperature regulation is significant in order to achieve a more efficient biogas production. The effect of pretreatment and temperature regulation needs to be compared with their energy consumption for a sustainable biogas production. Continues supply of biomass need to be secured which can be done by storing of algae in seasons with abundance and utilization of alternative types of biomass. A combination of biomass through co-digestion is an effective way of increasing the methane yield and also make the biogas plant more efficient in the longer run. In Grenada it is important to prioritize sustainable solutions that can fulfill Grenada’s vision towards 2030, with 100 percent renewable energy. Utilization of macroalgal biomass for biogas production in Grenada can be a solution to both decrease the negative impact of algae bloom and increase the share of renewable energy.Under flera år har algblomning runt de Karibiska öarna, däribland Grenada, varit ett problem. Detta influerade AlgaeFuel Technology till att se närmare på möjligheterna för biogasproduktion med makroalger som biomassa i Grenada. Grenada är beroende av fossila bränslen för att möta sitt energibehov. Att använda algerna för produktion av biogas kan möjligtvis minska utsläpp av växthusgaser. Det finns olika faktorer som påverkar biogasproduktion och syftet med detta projekt är därför att optimera en biogasanläggning med användning av makroalger som biomassa, med fokus i Grenada. En litteraturstudie gjordes för att få mer kunskaper om biogasproduktion genom syrefri rötning, särskilt med användning av makroalger som biomassa. Ett experiment gjordes genom att bygga fyra biogasanläggningar i miniformat med riktlinjer från Svenska lantbruksuniversitetet. Varje anläggning var matad med fyra olika kombinationer av biomassa för att bli jämförd i produktion av biogas. Resultatet från experimentet gav inga tydliga skillnader i biogasproduktion vilket troligen berodde på felkällor under experimentet. Vid optimering av en biogasanläggning inkluderas flera aspekter. Förbehandling har visat sig att vara ett effektivt sätt att öka utbytet av metan och hastigheten av biogasproduktionen. Temperaturreglering är viktigt för att uppnå en mer effektiv biogasproduktion. Effekten av förbehandling och temperaturreglering behöver jämföras med deras energikonsumtion för att få en hållbar biogasproduktion. En kontinuerlig tillgänglighet av biomassa behövs, vilket kan uppnås genom lagring av alger under säsonger med överflöd samt användning av alternativ biomassa. En kombination av biomassa genom samrötning är ett effektivt sätt att öka metanutbytet och även göra biogasanläggningen mer effektiv i det långa loppet. I Grenada är det viktigt att prioritera hållbara lösningar som kan uppnå deras vision fram mot 2030 med 100 procent förnyelsebar energi. Att använda makroalger som biomassa för biogasproduktion i Grenada kan vara en lösning för att båda minska dom negativa effekterna från algblomning och öka andelen förnyelsebar energi.
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Salm, Abdulbari Saleh Muftah. "Dynamic Simulation of disturbances in a typical biogas production plant." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016.
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Biogas is the most emerging industrial sector for energy production from renewable sources at National and European level.
Biogas industry is rapidly developing and in the recent years, several major accidents related to its supply chain happened. These accidents pointed out the need to perform a detailed process safety analysis. Hazards and operability analysis (HazOp) is one of the most used and highly efficient technique, for the identification of potential problems, but the main limitation with this technique is a qualitative nature of the results.
Dynamice simulation as a powerful and versatile engineering tool has been adopted in process engineering and also for safety examination in chemical and biochemical process for decades, and it has created possibilities to eliminate or reduce the disadvantages and limitation of conventional process hazard analysis techniques, such as HazOp analysis.
The innovation brought by this study, regards mainly to override this limitation by supporting the HazOp analysis using dynamic simulator, by simulating the disturbances and operational failure in a typical biogas production plant, which would help the quantification of HazOp, and improvement of process safety and reliability.
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Moazedian, Amitis. "Energy Extraction from Horse Manure Biogas plant vs. Heating Plant : A Case Study in Wången." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Institutionen för teknik och hållbar utveckling, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-19192.
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Wången is a trotting school located in Alsen region in Mid Sweden. Currently they keep almost 105 horses in their premises, which produce 2 400 m3 of stall waste per year. Stall waste has always been a concern for those who keep animals, and though composting has been a viable solution to this problem for quite some time, it is no longer the only solution. Stall waste can be converted to energy and there are different techniques and approaches to do so. In this study the writer compares the viability of two possible techniques (Biogas and heating plant) by collecting data from two existing biogas and heating plant providers for Wången trotting school. The results show that with almost same amount of investment on the reactors, a heating plant can meet 85% of Wången heating demand while Biogas plant could only meet 10 % of Wången’s heating consumption. On the other hand, as a result of nitrogen bound compound existence in horse manure, burning stall waste in the heating plant showed a more acidifying potential compared to the biogas plant.Investigation for Wången trotting school
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Graan, Daniel, and Rasmus Bäckman. "Energy recovery at Chişinȃu wastewater treatment plant." Thesis, University of Skövde, School of Technology and Society, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-4080.
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Possibilities for energy recovery from sludge at Chişinȃu wastewater treatment plant have been investigated and evaluated. One way of recovering energy from sludge is to produce biogas through anaerobic digestion. Which method of biogas usage that is to prefer in Chişinȃu has been evaluated from a cost-efficiency point of view. There is a possibility that a new waste incineration plant will be built next to the wastewater treatment plant, and therefore solutions that benefit from a co-operation have been discussed. The results show that biogas production would be suitable and profitable in a long time perspective if the gas is used for combined heat and power production. Though, the rather high, economical interest rates in Moldova are an obstacle for profitability.
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KAVUMA, CHRISH. "Variation of Methane and Carbon dioxide Yield in a biogas plant." Thesis, KTH, Kraft- och värmeteknologi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-117896.
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Michalica, Miroslav. "Podnikatelský záměr - bioplynová stanice." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-223660.
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The subject of the thesis is to design a business plan for the construction of biogas plant in the village Bulhary. The actual work is divided into two main parts. The first part is devoted to theoretical resources of a business plan and theory related to biogas station. The practical part of the thesis applies the theoretical knowledge to create a real business plan.
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Eriksson, Linnea, and David Runevad. "Evaluating digestate processing methods at Linköping biogas plant : A resource efficient perspective." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Industriell miljöteknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-129763.
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Production of biogas is one of several alternatives to meet sustainable energy solutions and waste management. However, managing the by-product (digestate) can be problematic with its high handling costs. Digestate from wet co-digestion biogas plants contains large volumes of water, causing high transportation costs and low concentration of the valuable nutrients. An alternative to try and reduce the associated costs is by processing the digestate. Processing the digestate for volume reduction allow for more economic and resource efficient ways of handling the product. This master thesis was performed on an initiative from Tekniska verken AB and address digestate handling from Linköping biogas plant, a large co-digestion biogas plant in Sweden. The project aimed to find a feasible, more resource efficient management of their digestate by looking at digestate processing alternatives.The approach systematically evaluated a large number of processing techniques by both literature and communication with TvAB or experts. A selection of techniques were further evaluated were studies in laboratory and a market analysis on digestate provided complementary information, aiding the economical evaluation. Results suggest that processing by centrifuge is a viable, economic option when digestate management is costly and a liquid fraction can be recirculated in the process. It has the potential to significantly reducing digestate management costs. Other processing alternatives may be beneficial if transportation distance can be greatly reduced and/or synergies can be found, but the findings in this project suggest that only treatment with centrifuge is of interest. The results are subject to a number of conditions (such as size of the plant) and assumptions (such as recirculation of a liquid fraction) and therefore need individual adaption to be applicable at any specific plant. Conclusive remarks are that although site specific conditions affect the choice of processing, a project such as this may help reducing the necessary time spent on evaluation. Both research process and results may provide valuable findings for similar evaluations in any industry.
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Asplund, Stina. "The Biogas Production Plant at Umeå Dairy — Evaluation of Design and Start-up." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Water and Environmental Studies, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-5509.
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As a part of a large project at Norrmejerier, a biogas production plant has been constructed at Umeå Dairy. In this plant wastewater, residual milk and whey are decomposed and biogas is produced. The biogas is burned in a steam boiler. The biogas plant is designed as an anaerobic contact process, with sludge separation and recirculation by a clarifier. The fat in the substrate is treated in a separate reactor.
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the design and start-up of this biogas production plant. Further, the interaction with the contractor responsible for construction and start-up is evaluated.
The plant is generally well designed, the process conditions are suitable and the objectives are realistic. However, the seed sludge is unsuitable and the time plan is too optimistic.
At the end of the period of this study, the plant was running and all central components are performing as intended. Still, the objectives have not been reached. This is mainly attributed to the poor quality of the seed sludge.
The management of the plant and the interaction with the contractor has generally been good. Most problems that arose were of typical start-up nature. Others were due to insufficient planning or lack of communication. Further, several design flaws were identified during start-up.
Washout of sludge has been one of the most significant drawbacks during start-up. This inconvenience seems to be the result of improper seed sludge and a too hasty increase of the organic loading rate.
Norrmejerier har som en del av ett större projekt låtit uppföra en anläggning för biogasproduktion vid Umeå mejeri. I anläggningen, som är utformad som en anaerob kontaktprocess, behandlas avloppsvattnen och andra organiska restprodukter från mejeriet tillsammans med vassle från både Umeå och Burträsk mejeri. Fettet i substratet avskiljs och behandlas separat. Den biogas som produceras vid nedbrytningen av det organiska materialet bränns i en brännare och ånga produceras.
Syftet med den här studien är att utvärdera anläggningens design, valda processförhållanden och förfarandet under uppstarten av biogasanläggningen. Dessutom utvärderas interaktionen med den tyska entreprenör som är ansvarig för konstruktion och uppstart.
Anläggningens utformning och valda processbetingelser är passande och de uppsatta målen är rimliga. Däremot är valet av ymp olämpligt och tidsplanen för uppstarten är för optimistisk.
När denna studie avslutades var anläggningen i bruk och biogas producerades. Alla de mål för som formulerats hade dock inte uppnåtts. Ympens dåliga kvalitet är den mest bidragande orsaken till att uppstartsperioden har blivit förlängd.
Arbetet under uppstarten och samarbetet med entreprenören har generellt sett varit lyckat. Man har dock stött på många komplikationer, varav de flesta har varit av typisk uppstartsnatur. Andra har varit resultatet av bristande planering och kommunikation. En rad konstruktions- och designfel har också identifierats under uppstarten.
Slamflykt från reaktorerna har varit det mest betydande problemet hos den biologiska processen. Denna förlust av slam förmodas bero på olämpligt val av ymp och en alltför hastig ökning av den organiska belastningen i reaktorerna under uppstarten.
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Holmberg, Bårman Joakim. "Power to Gas : Background & techno-economic scenario analysis at Söderåsen Biogas plant." Thesis, KTH, Energiteknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-228060.
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Power to gas is an emerging energy storage technology with great versatility. This thesis investigates the economic prospects of investing in such a facility via a case study linked to the Söderåren biogas plant in southern Sweden.The basis for this study is cash flow scenario analysis based on revenues and costs, which are referred as scenario parameters. Each of these parameters have different options to choose from, with nominal values chosen as the most likely options for each scenario parameter. In current market condition it was observed that installing power to gas is not profitable. However after exploring numerous combinations of scenarios, it was found that the electrical grid fee charges and higher ancillary service income was critical to achieve a viable business case for power to gas. Another scenario achieved profitability with a small margin which occurred when the grid fee was removed, referred as “grid fee off”. Both the most likely scenario and grid fee off scenario included sensitivity analysis. This was used to observe the impact of net present value when changing one parameter at a time.Power to gas/ El till gas är en teknik på frammarsch med mångsidiga egenskaper. Den här master uppsatsen ämnar att undersöka om power to gas är lönsamt att investera idag vid en anläggning i södra Sverige vid namn Söderåsen/Wrams biogasanläggning. Samt överskåda under vilka ekonomiska den skulle kunna bli lönsam. Resultaten kan extrapoleras till liknande biogasanläggningar med liknande ekonomiska förutsättningar.Grunden för denna studie är analys av kassaflödesscenarion baserat på intäkter och kostnader, vilket kommer att refereras till som scenarioparametrar. Var och en av dessa parametrar har olika alternativ att välja mellan, där en av dessa parametrar antas vara det mest troliga alternativet att hända verkligheten. I nuvarande marknadsförhållanden observerades det att installation av el till gas inte är lönsam. Däremot efter att ha undersökt en mängd olika scenario, tillsammans 90 stycken kombinationer av scenarier (mer finns i bilagan), visade det sig att nätavgiften var avgörande för att uppnå en bärkraftig affärssituation för el till gas. Ett alternativt scenario med slopad nätavgift illustreras därefter. Känslighetsanalys sker i det mest troliga scenariot och i det alternativa scenariot utav projektets nuvärde för belysa ändring av enskilda scenario parametrars inverkan på resultatet.En intressant men osäker ekonomisk möjlighet diskuteras kring möjligheterna att ersätta uppgraderingsenheten för konventionella biogasenheter helt och hållet. Det diskuteras hur vissa parametrar korrelerar samt ifall det går att ekonomiskt motivera an slopning av nätavgiften.Slutligen tas rekommendationer till framtida studier upp.
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Zemanová, Pavlína. "Hodnocení ekonomické efektivnosti investice - bioplynová stanice." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-150160.
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The subject of this thesis is to evaluate investments in biogas plant purchased by company AGRA Deštná, a.s., which is located in Deštná, near Jindřichův Hradec. The thesis is divided into two main parts. The theoretical part is devoted to theoretical assumptions of investment evaluation, grants, theories and legislation related to the biogas plant. The practical part of the thesis describes the current situation of the company, investment, and economic evaluation of investment in the construction of biogas plants.
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Gullman, Isak. "Improved prediction of biogas production at Uddebo wastewater treatment plant : Substrate modelling in SIMCA." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-85463.
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Anaerobic digestion is a complex process, dependent on multiple factors, which can be made more stable and efficient with the help of process models. A more stable process could reduce biogas torching, which increases the amount of renewable energy available for heat- and electricity production and vehicle fuel. Fluctuations in the produced biogas at Uddebo WWTP in Luleå, Sweden, has been observed, where imported industrial waste was suspected to be the cause. The purpose of this master thesis was to increase the predictability of the biogas production at Uddebo WWTP by creating a process model based on historical data. The historical data consisted of quantitative data of the substrates loaded into the anaerobic digestor and biogas collected from the digestor. The results showed that the calculated error between modelled and measured biogas production was <20%, which was considered good. However, due to the demarcation of this report, many variables were ignored in the creation of the model. Further research is therefore a requirement for the model to function properly: The error should be reduced to <10%, This could be done by increasing the period and resolution toinclude and statistically secure fast and seasonal variations. make qualitative modelling easier, i.e., prediction of the biomethane amount in the biogas. The industrial liquid waste storage should be included in the calculation. A more detailed analysis of all substrates is needed to make the comparison between the literature based and measured production more realistic. Expanding the demarcation of the model to also include the environment in the digestor. This could also increase the total amount of biogas produced.
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Öhman, Axel, and Bill Edwall. "Opportunities for the Jatuwa community biogas plant : An energy demand survey and a field site examinationMinor Field Study." Thesis, KTH, Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-233837.
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De klimatförändringar som idag orsakar allt större problem för länder i Himalayaregionen har ökat beslutsfattares medvetenhet kring konsekvenserna som de ökande temperaturerna för med sig. När människor konsumerar energi från fossila bränslekällor ökar koncentrationen av bland annat koldioxid i atmosfären vilket bidrar till den växthuseffekt som sakta värmer upp jordens klimat. Detta påverkar ekosystem och ökar risken för naturkatastrofer. Nepal är ett av länderna som ser konsekvenserna av den globala uppvärmningen från nära håll och landet satsar därför på att utveckla energisektorn genom implementeringen av fossilfria energislag. En av de mest framgångsrika satsningarna är användandet av biogasteknologi. Idag har över 350 000 småskaliga biogasanläggningar installerats över hela landet. Alternative Energy Promotion Centre (AEPC), den verkställande myndighetsorganisationen för främjande av ren och hållbar energi satsar nu på att utveckla den storskaliga biogassektorn för att öka landets inhemska och hållbara energiutvinning. Shree Krishna Gau Sewa Sadan (SKGSS) är en hinduisk stiftelse belägen i byn Jatuwa i sydöstra Nepal vars syfte är att ta hand om och betjäna kor, djur som inom hinduism är betraktade som heliga. Stiftelsen siktar nu på att bli ekonomiskt självförsörjande genom att sälja biogas och rötslam från en nyligen byggd biogasanläggning till närliggande hushåll. Gasen ska produceras från dynga insamlat från stiftelsens kor och distribueras genom ett gasnät som ännu inte är byggt. Syftet med denna studie var att utreda möjligheterna för SKGSS att framgångsrikt driva biogasanläggningen och fokuserade på två områden som var av intresse för AEPC, projektets huvudsponsor. Det första var att primärt beräkna hushållens energibehov för matlagning, deras nuvarande energikostnader för matlagning och deras inställning att byta till biogas som matlagningsbränsle för att assistera planeringen av det framtida gasnätet. Det andra var att lokalisera och identifiera potentiella förbättringsområden inom biogassystemet och baserat på detta ge förslag på huvudsakligen tekniska förbättringar som kan hjälpa SKGSS att framgångsrikt driva biogasanläggningen. Studien genomfördes med hjälp av en litteraturstudie, semi-konstruerade intervjuer, enkätundersökning av hushållen och en inspektion av biogasanläggningen. Enkätundersökningen visade att hushållens intresse att byta till biogas är stort. De flesta var dessutom villiga att betala för att anslutas till gasnätet. Den positiva inställningen till biogas härrör möjligen delvis från en ökad medvetenhet kring klimatfrågor samt energisäkerhet. Undersökningen visade även att det närliggande området inte är en trolig marknad för försäljning av rötslam. Dock är Nepal en växande marknad för organiskt och högkvalitativ gödsel så möjligheterna för en lyckad försäljning av rötslam är ändå stora. De primära beräkningarna visade att anläggningen med dess idag tillgängliga mängd organiskt material inte kan förse mer än 50 hushåll med biogas. Vid planläggningen av gasnätet måste dock beräkningar baserade på faktiska mätningar av biogassystemet göras. Denna studie rekommenderar även ett antal förbättringar av biogassystemet som skulle kunna hjälpa stiftelsens biogasanläggning att fungera bättre.As climate change becomes an ever-bigger issue for countries in the south-Himalayan region, policy makers become more aware of the problems associated with increasing temperatures. As countries consume more energy extracted from fossil fuels the climate becomes warmer, affecting ecosystems and increasing the risk of natural disasters. Nepal is one of the countries seeing the effects of global warming from close range and the country is now seriously aiming to develop its energy sector through the implementation of sustainable energies. One of the more successful stories of the Nepali energy sector is the implementation of biogas technology. As of today, more than 350 000 small scale biogas systems for single household use are operating all over Nepal. The Alternative Energy Promotion Centre (AEPC), the focal governmental agency for the promotion of sustainable and clean energy, is now aiming to develop the large-scale biogas sector. This would increase the amount of domestic sustainable energy as well as the country’s energy security. The Shree Krishna Gau Sewa Sadan (SKGSS) is a Hindu trust located in south-eastern Nepal with the purpose of taking in and serving cows. It now aims to become economically self-sufficient by selling biogas and slurry produced from a newly constructed large-scale biogas plant to the nearby community households. The biogas will be produced from cow dung collected on the property and distributed to the households through a gas grid that is yet to be designed and built. The purpose of study was to investigate the opportunities for the trust to successfully operate the biogas plant and was focused on two areas of interest to the AEPC, which is the key sponsor of the community biogas project. The first was to primarily calculate the energy cooking demand of the nearby households, their current cost of cooking and their attitude towards a switch to biogas usage which would assist the planning of the future gas grid. The second was to localize and identify potential areas of improvements within the biogas system and based on that offer suggestions of improvements focused on technical aspects that would help the SKGSS to successfully operate the biogas plant.The study was conducted using a literature study, semi-constructed interviews, household surveys and on-site inspections of the biogas plant. The household survey showed that the nearby households’ interest in switching to biogas is high. Most of the households also showed to be willing to pay extra money to be connected to the biogas grid. The positive attitude towards biogas partly stems from a raised awareness about climate issues as well as increased security in energy security. The survey also showed that the nearby urban and semi-urban community is not a viable market for the produced slurry. However, Nepal is a big and growing market for organic high value fertilizer so the potential of a successful sale of slurry is still high. The primary calculations show that with the feedstock available, the community biogas plant cannot suffice more than 50 households’ energy demand for cooking. When designing the gas grid, proper calculations based on actual measurements of the biogas system need to be done. This study also recommends various improvements of the biogas system that will help the SKGSS biogas plant to operate successfully.
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Do, Thi-Cam-Van [Verfasser]. "Compost and residues from biogas plant as potting substrates for salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive plants / Thi Cam Van Do." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2013. http://d-nb.info/104305667X/34.
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Lundén, Anna. "Biogas Production : Anaerobic Digestion of Grains Diluted in Process Water from a Wastewater Treatment Plant." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Thematic Studies, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-2017.
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In light of constant research regarding the development of alternate fuels, anaerobic digestion of grains diluted in process water from a wastewater treatment plant has been investigaed by starting biogas reactors to produce methane. The possibility of using the sludge from the reactors as fertilizer was also explored. The experiment ran for 90 days of which three days were used to collect samples over a 24-hour period. Variables monitored were associated to process stability, consistency and production. The results of the 24-hour periods show that volatile fatty acids concentrations increase immediately following feeding, peak a few hours later then decrease. Gas production is most efficient at the beginning of the period then stagers after about 20 hours. Results of the 90-day period resemble the 24-hour results; high volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations are often linked to low gas production and methane concentrations. The results indicate that certain types of process waters are better suited as dilution liquids than others i.e. digested sludge is better than centrifugation water, though overall gas production in all reactors averaged ca 650 ml/ g volatile solids loaded. With regards to fertilizer use, Cr was the only metal that was measured in unacceptable quantities. Fertilizing the land is not a problem seen from the heavy metals perspective. There is, however, a need for further research and process development before any full-scale digestion processes of this type are initiated.
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Frisk, Daniel, and Deniz Pektas. "Survey of systems for utilizing produced biogas in asmall-scale wastewater treatment plant: Storvreta, Uppsala." Thesis, KTH, Energiteknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-245226.
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Den här rapporten ämnar att ge en analys över energibehovet av ett mindre reningsverk samt hur utnyttjandet av den biogas som produceras vid reningen kan ökas. Energi-analysen kommer att inbegripa reningsverkets värme- och elbehov i nuläget samt hur hur det kan komma att utvecklas inom den närliggande framtiden. Energi-analysen kommer ligga till grund för vilken teknisk lösning som bäst lämpar sig för reningsverkets användning av dess producerade biogas. Reningsverket som har blivit undersökt i rapporten är Storvretas reningsverk som ligger strax utanför Uppsala. Storvreta producerar idag cirka 73 800 Nm3 biogas. Reningsverket förbränner i nuläget biogasen i en värmepanna som värmer reningsverkets lokaler, samt till uppvärmning av slam till rötkammaren för att bibehålla dess temperatur. Den gaspanna som i nuläget används är underdimensionerad och kan ej förbränna biogas i samma takt som den produceras, den överblivna gasen facklas bort. För att täcka reningsverkets resterande värmebehov används även en värmepanna som körs på el (Uppsala Vatten och Avfall AB 2016, 13-14). De tekniska lösningar som undersöks i rapporten ligger inom de ekonomiska gränser som förutsätts av produktionskapaciteten för biogas i Storvretas reningsverk, då produktionen av biogas starkt styr de ekonomiska medel som finns att tillgå. Således begränsas de tekniker som kan användas för att ta tillvara på biogasen. De tekniska lösningar som har undersökts i rapporten är: ● Förbränning av gasen i olika motorer för att täcka det egna värmebehovet samt till att producera el. ● En värmepanna med högre effekt som minskar användandet av el-värmepannan samt ger en möjlighet att sälja värme till fjärrvärmenätet. ● Rågas försäljning till en uppgraderingsanläggning via ett rågasnät ● En uppgraderingsmodul på plats kombinerat med ett mobilt högtryckslager. I den ekonomiska analysen gav resultatet att systemet med förbränning av gasen i en ny gaspanna med högre effekt för att täcka det egna värmebehovet har störst lönsamhet, till störst del genom att användningen av elpannan minskas. Vid en ny investering i en gaspanna bör en större gaspanna väljas för den marginella skillnaden i investering men att det ger en möjlighet att sälja överskottsvärme till fjärrvärmenätet. Alternativet med en uppgraderingsanläggning kan vara lönsamt ifall avsättning finns för den uppgraderade gasen och att det måste säkerhetsställas innan systemet tas i drift. Produktionskapaciteten på Storvreta reningsverk är för liten för att kraftvärmesystem eller gasledning ska vara ekonomiskt hållbara utan de systemen gynnas av större produktion av biogas.This report aims to carry out an analysis of the energy requirements of a small wastewater treatment plant and how the utilization of the biogas produced can be increased. The energy analysis will include the treatment plant's heat and electricity needs at present and how the needs will develop in the near future. The energy analysis will form the basis for which technical solution best suits the purge plant's use of its biogas production. The wastewater treatment plant which has been investigated in the report is Storvreta’s wastewater treatment plant, located just outside Uppsala, Sweden. Storvreta today produces approximately 73 800 Nm3 biogas.The treatment plant is currently burning the biogas in a gas combustion boiler that warms the treatment plant's premises, as well as heating the sludge to the digestion chamber to maintain its temperature. The gas boiler currently in use is under-dimensioned and can not burn biogas at the same rate as it is produced, the leftover gas is discarded. In order to cover the wastewater treatment plant's remaining heat demand a electric boiler is used (Uppsala Vatten och Avfall AB 2016, 13-14). The technical solutions investigated in the report are within the economic limits required by biogas production capacity in Storvreta's purification plant, as the production of biogas strongly controls the financial resources available. Thus, the techniques that can be used to utilize the biogas are limited. The technical solutions investigated in the report are: ● Combustion of the gas in different engines to cover the heat demand of the plant and to produce electricity. ● A boiler that have a higher output that reduces the use of the electric boiler and provides an opportunity to sell heat to the district heating system. ● Raw gas sales to an upgrade facility via a raw gas piping. ● An on-site upgrade module combined with a mobile high-pressure storage and sell gas as a vehicle gas. In the economic analysis, the result was that the system of combustion of gas in a new boiler with a higher output to cover the plants own needs of heat has the greatest profitability, mostly because of the reduced usage of the electric boiler. In the case of a new investment in a gas boiler, a larger gas boiler should be chosen. Although there is a marginal difference in investment, it provides an opportunity to sell excess heat to the district heating system. The option of an upgrade facility can be profitable if there is demand for the upgraded gas and the demand must be secured before the system is put into operation. The production capacity of the Storvreta wastewater treatment plant is too small for Combined heat and power systems or gas pipelines to be economically sustainable, due to these systems benefiting from larger production of biogas.
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Al, Naami Adam. "Techno-economic Feasibility Study of a Biogas Plant for Treating Food Waste Collected from Households in Kartamantul Region, Yogyakarta." Thesis, KTH, Energi och klimatstudier, ECS, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-228232.
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This thesis presents the potential of biogas production using food waste collected from the region of Kartamantul in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Biogas can be used for cooking and generating electricity. The study compares two different end uses or markets for utilizing the biogas in the region. The daily food waste collected in the region of Kartamantul is 120 tonnes. This corresponds to a daily biogas production of 13 087 m3. Electricity generated from biogas can replace fossil-based coal electricity while cooking biogas can substitute the common fossil fuel liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG). The price for selling one kWh of electricity to the state owned enterprise PLN is 16.5 USD cents. The price for selling one m3 of biogas for cooking is 38.5 USD cents, which is equivalent to the available price of LPG. The study finds that the avoided emission due to the substitution of fossil-based coal electricity and cooking LPG-gas is around 64 GgCO2-eq per year. Considering the economical results for a life span of 20 years in the first utilization option Biogas for Electricity gives a net present value (NPV) of 2 MUSD while for the utilization option Biogas for Cooking gives a net present value (NPV) of 5.82 MUSD. The breakeven for Biogas for Electricity is 13.8 USD cents per kWhe while for Biogas for Cooking is 25.5 USD cents per m3-biogas. The study concludes that it is feasible to invest in AD plant in the region of Kartamantul where both markets are profitable and environmentally friendly.Denna avhandling visar potentialen för biogasproduktion med hjälp av matavfall som samlats från regionen Kartamantul i Yogyakarta, Indonesien. Biogas kan användas för matlagning och elproduktion. Studien jämför två olika slutanvändningar eller marknader för att utnyttja biogasen i regionen. Det dagliga matavfallet som samlas i regionen Kartamantul är 120 ton. Detta motsvarar en daglig biogasproduktion på 13 087 m3. Elektricitet som genereras från biogas kan ersätta fossilbaserad koldioxid, medan tillagning av biogas kan ersätta det gemensamma fossila bränslet flytande petroleumgas (LPG). Priset för att sälja en kWh el till det statligt ägda företaget PLN är 16,5 USD cent. Priset för att sälja en m3 biogas för matlagning är 38,5 USD cent, vilket motsvarar det tillgängliga priset på LPG. Studien konstaterar att den undvikna utsläppet på grund av substitutionen av fossilbaserad kolkraft och matlagning av gasol är cirka 64 GgCO2-ekv per år. Med tanke på de ekonomiska resultaten för en livslängd på 20 år i det första utnyttjandegradet ger Biogas for Electricity ett nettopåverkande värde (NPV) på 2 MUSD medan för utnyttjandegraden Biogas for Cooking ger ett nettoförskott (NPV) på 5,82 MUSD. Breakeven för biogas för el är 13,8 USD cent per kWhe medan för Biogas for Cooking är 25,5 USD cent per m3-biogas. Studien drar slutsatsen att det är möjligt att investera i AD-anläggningar i regionen Kartamantul där båda marknaderna är lönsamma och miljövänliga.
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Tolo, Julien. "Approche aux différentes échelles pour la mise au point d’outils intégrés d’aide au développement de projets de méthanisation." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0124/document.
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La digestion anaérobie est un processus biologique de transformation de la matière organique permettant la production d’énergie sous forme de biogaz et de fertilisant sous forme de digestat. C’est une filière émergente en France, dont les objectifs de développement sont ambitieux. Le développement d’une filière industrielle sur l’ensemble du territoire Français nécessite la mise en oeuvre d’outils d’aide à la décision.Dans le cadre de cette Thèse nous proposons d’évaluer le potentiel de développement de la méthanisation collective, territoriale et agricole par injection du biogaz dans les réseaux de gaz naturel. Les travaux de recherchent portent sur trois axes : (1)l’évaluation du potentiel de mobilisation de biomasse d’origine agricole ; (2) la conception et l’étude de la viabilité économique de « modèle type » d’usine de méthanisation ; (3) l’évaluation de la performance technico-économique d’une exploitation agricole ayant recours à la méthanisation dans but d’accroitre son autonomie face aux énergies fossiles et aux engrais chimiques.Sur le premier volet, nous avons réalisé une étude cartographique des gisements agricoles mobilisables. Nous avons localisé et quantifié les quantités de coproduits de cultures et d’effluents d’élevage présent sur le territoire Français. Nous avons mis en évidence que le potentiel de mobilisation de biomasse agricole est de l’ordre de 57millions de tonnes de matière sèche. Ceci correspond à une production énergétique maximale de l’ordre de 158 TWh/an.Sur le deuxième volet, nous avons conçu des « modèles types » d’usines de méthanisation de différentes tailles, dont le biogaz est valorisé en biométhane par injection dans le réseau. Pour chacun des « modèles types » nous avons comparé la viabilité technico-économiques des modèles selon différentes « recettes » de biomasse. L’évaluation met en avant que pour chaque « modèle type », il existe un nombre limité de « recettes » permettant à chacun d’entre eux de trouver un équilibre technico-économique.Sur le troisième volet, nous nous sommes intéressés à l’autonomie azote et carburant que pourrait atteindre une exploitation agricole en méthanisant des cultures énergétiques dédiées de légumineuse. L’évaluation a été menée sur des fermes présentant des configurations différentes d’assolement et de rendement. Nous avons mis en évidence les conditions nécessaires pour que chaque configuration de ferme puisse atteindre l’autonomie. Il en ressort que dans certaines conditions, une exploitation « autonome » présente des marges brutes supérieures à celle d’une exploitation conventionnelleAnaerobic digestion is a biological process of transformation of organicmatter allowing the production of energy in the form of biogas and fertilizer in the formof digestate. It is an emerging sector in France, whose development objectives are ambitious. The development of an industrial sector throughout the French territory requires the implementation of decision support tools.As part of this thesis, we propose to evaluate the development potential of collective,territorial and agricultural methanation by injecting biogas into natural gas networks.Research work focuses on three axes: (1) the evaluation of the biomass mobilization potential of agricultural origin; (2) the design and study of the economic viability of a"typical model" of methanation plant; (3) the evaluation of the technical and economic performance of a farm using methanation in order to increase its autonomy in the face of fossil fuels and chemical fertilizers.We first carried out a cartographic study of mobilizable agricultural deposits. The quantities of co-products of crops and livestock effluents present on the French territor ywere located and quantified. Thus, we have shown that the potential for mobilization of agricultural biomass is of the order of 57 million tons of dry matter. This corresponds to a maximum energy production of about 158 TWh / year.And second, we have designed "model models" of biogas plants of different sizes,whose biogas is valorized in biomethane by injection into the network. For each of the"standard models" we compared the techno-economic viability of the models according to different "recipes" of biomass. The evaluation points out that for each "standard model" there is a limited number of "recipes" allowing each of them to find a technoeconomic balance.Finally, we focused on the nitrogen and fuel autonomy that an agricultural operationcould achieve by methanising dedicated energy crops of legumes. The assessment was conducted on farms with different rotational and yield configurations. We have highlighted the conditions necessary for each farm configuration to achieve autonomy.It shows that under certain conditions, an "autonomous" farm has gross margins higher than that of a conventional farm
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Novák, David. "Kombinovaná výroba tepla a bioplynu pomocí bioreaktoru." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-376932.
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This diploma thesis deals with the bioreactor system and its use for the production of heat and biogas. The bioreactor uses the composting and metanogation process of fermentation that humanity has known for hundreds of years, but the combination of these processes is a relatively unexplored area. The theoretical part of the thesis analyzes the existing possibilities of utilization of the heat generated in the compost, and also describes the used technology of small biogas stations and other small systems for biogas production. It follows the practical part of the work, when it was the task to design a bioreactor working at low temperatures during the winter. Part of the solution is the initial design and testing of the basic test structure of the bioreactor, followed by the implementation of a more advanced and more complex system, including a control and measuring center realized by a microcontroller.
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Nguyen, Vo Chau Ngan [Verfasser], and Klaus [Akademischer Betreuer] Fricke. "Promotion of Biogas Plant Application in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam / Vo Chau Ngan Nguyen ; Betreuer: Klaus Fricke." Braunschweig : Technische Universität Braunschweig, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1175823910/34.
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Awiszus, Sebastian Rainer [Verfasser]. "Environmental impact of a biogas plant with digestate processing and lactic acid extraction from silages / Sebastian Rainer Awiszus." Düren : Shaker, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1200808738/34.
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Awiszus, Sebastian [Verfasser]. "Environmental impact of a biogas plant with digestate processing and lactic acid extraction from silages / Sebastian Rainer Awiszus." Düren : Shaker, 2019. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:101:1-2019120104321633725427.
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Wiedemann, Wolfram, and Olaf Enderlein. "Zur Phytohygiene von Kartoffelabfällen - Zur phytohygienischen Unbedenklichkeit von Kartoffelabfällen - ein Verfahrensvorschlag zur Prüfung von Gärresten aus Biogasanlagen auf die bakteriellen Quarantäneschaderreger Clavibacter michiganensis ssp. sepedonicus (Cms) und Ralstonia solanacearum (Rs) - (Abschlussbericht)." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2008. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-ds-1210683988936-30007.
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Hadin, Åsa. "Anaerobic digestion of horse manure : renewable energy and plant nutrients in a systems perspective." Licentiate thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Miljöteknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-22716.
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In horse keeping horse manure is produced, which can be utilized as a fertilizer or considered a waste. Horse manure constitutes a resource in terms of both plant nutrients and energy. In addition energy policies and objectives aim at replacing fossil fuels with renewable energy sources. The interest to improve resource recovery of horse manure increases due various incentives for renewable vehicle fuels, legal requirements on management of manure, and environmental impact from current horse manure management. This thesis aims at describing horse manure management in a life cycle perspective. This is made by (1) identifying factors in horse keeping affecting the possibility to use horse manure as a biogas feedstock and to recycle plant nutrients, (2) analysing factors in anaerobic digestion with influence on methane potential and biofertilizer nutrient content and (3) comparing the environmental impact from different horse manure treatment methods. Literature reviews, systematic combining, and simulations have been used as research methods. The results show that horse keeping activities such as feeding, indoor keeping, outdoor keeping and manure storage affect the amount and characteristics of horse manure and thereby also the possibilities for anaerobic digestion horse manure. Transport affects the collected amount and spreading affects loss of nutrients and nutrient recycling. Simulation results indicate the highest methane yield and energy balance from paper bedding, while straw and peat gave a higher nutrient content of the biofertilizer. The highest methane yield was achieved with a low rate of bedding, which in the cases of woodchips and paper is also preferable for plant nutrient recycling. Still, results indicate the best energy balance from anaerobic digestion with a high ratio of bedding. The environmental impact assessment indicates a reduction in global warming potential for anaerobic digestion compared to incineration or composting.Vid hästhållning alstras hästgödsel som kan användas som växtnäring eller anses vara ett avfall. Hästgödsel utgör både en växtnäringsresurs och en energi resurs. Dessutom styr uppsatta energimål mot att förnybar energi ska ersätta fossila bränslen. Intresset för att öka resursutnyttjandet av hästgödsel ökar på grund av olika incitament för förnybara drivmedel, lagstiftning om gödselhantering och miljöpåverkan från dagens hantering av hästgödsel. I den här avhandlingen beskrivs hästgödselhantering i ett livscykelperspektiv genom att (1) identifiera olika faktorer vid hästhållningen som påverkar möjligheten att utvinna biogas ur hästgödsel och återföra näringen till jordbruksmark, (2) analysera faktorer i biogasprocessen som påverkar den specifika metanmängden och innehållet av växtnäring i gödseln och (3) jämföra olika gödselhanteringsmetoders miljöpåverkan. Metoderna i avhandlingen har varit litteraturstudier, systematisk kombination av teori och empiri samt simulering. Resultaten visar att utfodringen, om och hur hästarna hålls inomhus och utomhus och hur hästgödsel lagras påverkar mängden hästgödsel och dess egenskaper, och därmed också hur den fungerar som ett biogassubstrat. Transporterna har betydelse för hur mycket gödsel som kan samlas in och spridas, medan gödselspridningen påverkar näringsförluster och närings återföring. Resultaten från simuleringarna indikerar högst metanutbyte och bäst energibalans från papper som strömaterial, medan halm och torv gav högre växtnäringsinnehåll i biogödseln. De högsta resultaten på specifik metanmängd nåddes med låg andel strö, vilket också var positivt för växtnäringsinnehållet vid scenarierna med spån och papper. Samtidigt indikerar resultaten att en hög andel strömaterial ger den bästa energibalansen. Miljöpåverkansbedömningen indikerar att potentialen för klimatpåverkan minskar om hästgödsel behandlas i en biogasprocess jämfört med förbränning eller kompostering.
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Nyström, André, and Jakob Vilör. "Rening av amin i biogasproduktion : En studie med syfte att undersöka om det går att optimera företaget Puregas Solutions AB uppgraderingsanläggningar för biogas med hjälp av olika reningsfilter samt undersöka hur dessa filter underhålls." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Sjöfartshögskolan (SJÖ), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-64276.
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Abstrakt Det förnyelsebara bränslet biogas har fått mer och mer intresse runt om i världen, men för att biogasen ska gå att använda som fordonsbränsle måste den först uppgraderas. I den processen separeras kolväten och andra föroreningar för att metanhalten ska ökas och därmed kommer biogasen att bli optimal för användning i förbränningsmotorer (Enefalk och Ersöz 2016). Syfte med det här arbetet var att undersöka hur bra olika filter kan fungera för att ta bort orenheter från aminen i Puregas Solutions AB anläggningar. När undersökning av olika filter var gjord studerades underhållet för dessa filter. Experimentet utfördes i Puregas Solutions AB verkstad. Där användes ett aminprov från deras anläggning i Sverige för att den var extremt förorenad och därmed var det lättare att se hur bra de olika filtren filtrerar föroreningar. Efter att mottagit provsvaren från DOW Chemical Company sammanställdes analyserna. Provsvaren visade på att de testade filtren inte tog bort orenheter från aminen.Abstract Renewable biogas fuel has become increasingly interesting around the world, however before biogas is used as fuel in vehicles it must first be upgraded. During that process the hydrocarbons and other pollutions are separated to increase the concentration of methane and make the biogas better suited for combustion engines (Enefalk and Ersöz 2016). The purpose of this study was to examine how efficiently different filters can remove impurities from amine at Puregas Solutions AB upgrading plant. After the investigation of the different filters was completed we wanted to further study the maintenance of the filters. Experiments were performed at Puregas Solutions AB workshop, where the amine samples from their plant in Sweden were used to see how well the various filters performed. After receiving the test results from Dow Chemical Company, the results were compiled and they showed that the tested filters did not remove impurities from the amine.
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Bramstedt, Sofia. "Temperature optimization of anaerobic digestion at the Käppala Waste Water Treatment Plant." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för bioteknologi (BIO), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-187989.
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Wang, Dongcan. "Comparative analysis of development potential for biomass- vs coal-fired powerplants in Henan province,China." Thesis, KTH, Energiteknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-211707.
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Coal-fired power plants’ typically large capacity and relatively low electricity generation costs in the Chinese power market can be compared with their typically low specific thermal efficiency and older age on average. At the same time, the environment pollution caused by local coal-fired power plants has started to receive due attention. Sustainable renewable energy sources and the application of effective conversion technologies for those has become a top priority of China's current energy strategy. Biomass in general and anaerobic biogas in particular can be regarded as clean, locally available renewable energy resources. Replacing coal with biomass-derived energy is especially relevant for certain locations in China. For the case of Henan province, work has already been undertaken by the local authorities for the proper estimation of the biomass potential and the selection of most applicable energy conversion technologies with the lowest environmental footprint to replace aging coal-fired plants with various biomass-based power generation facilities.Kolkraftverkens typiska stora kapacitet och relativt låga elproduktionskostnader på den kinesiska elmarknaden kan jämföras med deras typiskt låga specifika verkningsgrader och äldre ålder i genomsnitt. Samtidigt har miljöföroreningarna som orsakas av lokala kolkraftverk börjat uppmärksammas på riktigt i Kina. Hållbara förnybara energikällor och tillämpningen av effektiv konverteringsteknik för dessa har blivit en topprioritet för Kinas nuvarande energistrategi. Biomassa i allmänhet och anaerobisk biogas (rötgas) i synnerhet kan betraktas som rena och lokalt tillgängliga förnybara energiresurser. Byte av kol mot biobränslen blir särskilt relevant för vissa platser i Kina. När det gäller Henanprovinsen har en del arbete redan gjorts av de lokala myndigheterna för en korrekt uppskattning av biomasspotentialen och en analys av de mest tillämpliga teknologier för omvandling av bioenergi med lägsta miljöpåverkan som ersätter åldrande koleldade anläggningar med olika biobränslen.
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Nägele, Hans-Joachim [Verfasser], and Thomas [Akademischer Betreuer] Jungbluth. "A full-scale study on efficiency and emissions of an agricultural biogas plant / Hans-Joachim Nägele. Betreuer: Thomas Jungbluth." Hohenheim : Kommunikations-, Informations- und Medienzentrum der Universität Hohenheim, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1045663751/34.
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Wilhelmsson, Ella. "Investigations of the Effects of Lowering the Temperature in Full Scale Mesophilic Biogas Digesters at a Wastewater Treatment Plant." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Tema Miljöförändring, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-167059.
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This thesis has investigated the effects of running the two full scale biogas digesters at Slottshagen wastewater treatment plant at 34 °C compared to 37 °C, in terms of process stability, biogas production and energy savings with the aim of saving energy and money by not heating the digesters as much. The main objective was to investigate whether it is at all possible to operate the biogas process at 34 °C or if the process becomes inhibited or otherwise unstable. If the process could be operated at 34 °C it might mean savings of both energy and money, provided that there is still a sufficient production of biogas.The experiment lasted for three months and investigated the short-term effects of the reduction of temperature. The process was monitored closely, and samples from the reactors were collected and analysed twice a week to ensure the stability of the biogas process. Several parameters were monitored online, the biogas production and methane content amongst others. Other parameters were calculated, such as the degree of degradation and specific methane production. This was done to ensure process stability and a sufficient production of biogas. The energy balance was calculated to evaluate if energy was saved by lowering the temperature in the digesters.The results show that the biogas process does remain stable at 34 °C while still producing a satisfactory amount of biogas during the short time of the experiment. Calculations show that both energy and money has been saved during the experiment. However, the system is largely dependent on seasonal variations, therefore further studies over a longer time period would be desirable. During the course of the thesis it has also become evident that the biogas process at Slottshagen is irregular in several aspects, and that it would be beneficial to even the process out, especially with regards to the hydraulic retention time. Making the process more even would enable further improvements to be made and simplify interpretations and comparisons of processstability data.
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Zemanová, Kateřina. "Možnosti zpracování kalu z výroby papíru a celulózy." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-228159.
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The contens of diploma thesis is description of paper and pulp production and analysis of contemporary problems with disposal of sludges rising on industrial waste water treatment plant. Accent is focuses on description of waste water treatment technique, characteristics of rising sludge and the ways of his liquidation in particular plant for pulp production. Fundamental part of this project is evaluation of power and economics balance of current sludge technology in company Biocel Paskov a.s. and suggested sludge management technology. Balances are based on data gained from measurement in laboratory and on data gained from literary research.
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Mészáros, Gabriel. "Návrh bioplynové stanice." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-229416.
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The master’s thesis is focused on the possibility of using biodegradable materials (animal manure, energy crops, crop waste) in a biogas plant. The first part deals with the mechanism of production of biogas. Described are factors which affect the production of biogas, its composition, properties, utilization and potential substrates. The next chapter deals with the technologies of biogas plants. The main part of the thesis is devoted to a proposal of a specific biogas plant in the Slovak Republic in the Novozámocký district. Included is the processing of design proposal, selection of components and proposal of the layout of biogas plant. The economic evaluation includes quantifying capital and operating costs and profits from the sale of electricity and compost.
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Nahodil, Jiří. "Zvýšení výroby elektrické energie na BPS pomocí parního motoru." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-230379.
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This thesis deals with the possibilities of using waste heat for power generation with a focusing on biogas plants (BGS). The produced biogas is mainly used for combustion in cogeneration units with internal combustion piston engines. The first part this paper describes the biogas plants. The division of BGS and the biogas processing is mentioned there. Another part is focused on the combined production of electricity and heat. The principles and description various types of cogeneration technologies are presented here. The following are specific options for waste heat utilization for biogas plants. The last section contains proposals to increase electricity production by the BGS with the steam engine and economic evaluation of these proposals is made.
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Žmolík, Václav. "Energetická bilance bioteplárny." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-228660.
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This thesis deals with a design of a biomass heating plant combinating a Rankin-Clausius cyklus and a CHP unit. The CHP unit fuel is a biogas and the boiler fuel is a wooden chip. The adapted CHP unit regenerates feed-water of the R-C cycles. This design is technicaly and economicalty compared with the Rankin-Clausius cycle without feed-water regeneration by the CHP unit.
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Perez, Garcia Adriana. "Techno-economic feasibility study of a small-scale biogas plant for treating market waste in the city of El Alto." Thesis, KTH, Energi och klimatstudier, ECS, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-149953.
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Every day 493 tonnes of waste containing 67% of organic material is generated in the city of El Alto in Bolivia. The majority of the waste is disposed to a landfill that is expected to reach its maximum capacity by 2015. Therefore, new waste treatment methods need to be explored. The high content of organic material in waste makes biogas technologies a potential solution for waste treatment in El Alto. These technologies can generate a renewable energy source and organic fertilizer that can provide several benefits to the city. The objective of this study is to investigate the techno-economic feasibility of a small-scale biogas plant for treating organic market waste in the city of El Alto. To this end, a multi-criteria analysis was performed to identify a suitable technology. The garage-shaped digester was selected as the most appropriate technology for the conditions of El Alto. By implementing this technology, 1.8 GWh of electricity and 2,340 tonnes of organic fertilizer can be produced annually. Furthermore, an economic analysis of two scenarios was conducted. The Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return, Payback time, Levelized Cost of Electricity (LCOE) and sensitivity analysis were evaluated. The biogas plant resulted economically viable in both cases. However, the LCOE estimated (0.17-0.26 USD/kWh) were very high in comparison to the LCOE from natural gas in Bolivia (0.026 USD/kWh). Regarding the sensitivity analysis, several parameters were evaluated from which the compost price was the most influential on changing the NPV. The study also included the estimation of the emission savings. A total of 900 tonnes of CO2/year could be avoided for producing electricity from biogas. Moreover, social benefits could also be generated such as new job opportunities. The use of a small-scale biogas plant for treating organic market waste in the city of El Alto is a cost-effective option. Though, it is fundamental that the government support the waste-to-biogas technologies by introducing economic mechanisms and promoting awareness to ensure the markets for both, biogas and organic fertilizer.
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Hameedi, Ayoub. "Addressing the Electricity Shortfall in Pakistan through Renewable resources." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-188697.
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This report focuses on addressing the electricity shortfall in Pakistan with the help of renewable resources. At present, the country is facing a shortfall of almost 7,000 megawatts (MW) which is affecting every walk of life and causing almost 1.5 to 2% GDP loss on annual basis. Previous research done on this subject reveals that electricity demand has always remained high then the total generation capacity of Pakistan. Similarly, it has been pointed out that the country is not taking maximum benefit from its available hydro, solar and wind resources. This leads us to the basic purpose of this research which is to have an exploratory understanding of the strategies adopted by India, China, Brazil and Spain for electricity generation in a green fashion and how can these strategies be implemented in Pakistan. Case study has been adopted as methodology for this purpose. This research work also discusses the factors contributing in the lack of promotion of renewable energy resources in Pakistan and provide detailed analyses of positive changes these projects can bring in lives of masses in Pakistan. The sustainable management of surface water resource in the country has been discussed in particular as the country faced worst floods in its history during years 2010 & 2011. It will result in enhancing the surface water storage ability of Pakistan which will significantly reduce our dependence on underground water reserves and will directly increase our electricity generation capacity through hydro dams. Similarly, sustainable forest management has been discussed at length as it will not only ensure environmental sustainability but will also result in increase availability of biomass. Not to mention the fact that wood biomass is much cheaper then conventional source of electricity generation provided it is obtained through sustainable forest management. Finally, if all the green strategies discussed in this research work will be implemented, it will increase the overall electricity generation capacity of Pakistan up to 9% respectively.
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Arespacochaga, Santiago Nicolás de. "Sewage biogas energy valorization via solid oxide fuel cells." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/345237.
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A more sustainable and secure energy supply is required for the forthcoming generations; where the actual dependence on the fossil fuel reserves should be replaced by self-sufficiency and use of renewable energy resources. Conventional sewage treatment is an energy consuming process, or more specifically, an electricity consuming process. Notwithstanding, energy on Waste Water Treatment Plants is not only considered in terms of consumption reduction, but also in terms of production of renewable energy in form of biogas. Today, achieving energy self-sufficiency is limited by the low electrical efficiencies of conventional biogas-powered Combined Heat and Power systems; but fuel cell technology is appearing on the scene in the recent years offering both a higher electrical efficiency and a further reduced environmental impact. Biogas energy valorization in fuel cells combines a high-efficient technology for electrical generation, i.e.: fuel cell, with the use of a renewable fuel, i.e.: biogas.
Raw biogas contains a wide range of contaminants, mainly sulfur and organic silicon compounds (siloxanes), which pose a risk to Solid Oxide Fuel Cell operation; hence biogas requires a thorough conditioning and cleaning process upstream the fuel cell unit. Moreover, monitoring of siloxanes levels remained somewhat controversial with discrepancies on optimal sampling procedure as well as quantification technique; hindering the design and operation of siloxanes removal technologies.
This work is devoted to studying and validating the whole biogas energy valorization line, including the biogas treatment system and the fuel cell operation. The integration of low-cost biological desulphurization and deep polishing physico-chemical adsorption processes with a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell has been studied in an industrial 2.8 kWe pilot plant installed in a Waste Water Treatment Plant in Spain, showing that the stringent gas quality requirements of 0.5 ppmv S and 1 mg Si/Nm3 can be satisfied with over the long-term. The technical and economic comparison of Solid Oxide and Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell performance with conventional Internal Combustion Engines and Micro-Turbines has been also conducted for different plant sizes and raw biogas compositions, confirming the relevant role that fuel cells can play on carbon neutral sewage treatment; particularly in small- and medium-size plants.
Today the final justification for biogas valorization in fuel cell systems needs to be found in environmental issues as some improvements both in the performance and costs are still required. Nonetheless, this thesis demonstrates that the economics for this next-generation technology are expected for the short-term. Further collaborative research between biogas producers, suppliers of biogas treatment systems and manufacturers of fuel cells is required in the near future for Solid Oxide Fuel Cell technology deployment in the sewage sector.El subministrament d'energia sostenible i segur és un dels reptes més rellevants per a les properes generacions, on la dependència actual en les fonts d'energia basades en combustibles fòssils haurà de ser substituïda per l'autosuficiència i l'ús dels recursos energètics renovables. El tractament convencional d'aigües residuals urbanes és un procés que consumeix grans quantitats d'energia, o més específicament, grans quantitats d'electricitat. En aquest sentit, l'energia a les Estacions Depuradores d'Aigües Residuals s'ha de tractar no només en termes de reducció del consum, sinó també en termes de producció d'energia renovable a partir del biogàs. Avui en dia, no és possible assolir l'autosuficiència energètica a causa de les baixes eficiències elèctriques dels sistemes de cogeneració convencionals alimentats per biogàs. Tot i això, en els darrers anys, la tecnologia de les piles de combustible està apareixent en escena, oferint una millor eficiència elèctrica i una reducció en l'impacte ambiental. La valorització energètica de biogàs en piles de combustible combina una tecnologia d'elevada eficiència per a la generació d'energia (la pila de combustible), amb l'ús d'un combustible renovable (el biogàs). S'ha de tenir en compte que el biogàs brut conté una àmplia gamma de contaminants, especialment compostos de sofre i de silici orgànic (siloxans), que comporten un risc operatiu per al correcte funcionament de les piles de combustible d'òxid sòlid. Per tant, s'ha d'instal·lar una etapa d'acondicionament i neteja exhaustiu del biogàs abans que es pugui introduïr a la pila de combustible. D'altra banda, la monitorització de les concentracions de siloxans presenta discrepàncies en relació al procediment òptim per al seu mostreig i en la tècnica analítica de quantificació; dificultant d'aquesta manera el disseny i la operació de les tecnologies d'eliminació d'aquests compostos. Aquest treball es centra en l'estudi i validació de tota la línia de valorització energètica, incloent el sistema de tractament de biogàs i la operació de la pila de combustible. S'ha estudiat la integració de tecnologies de dessulfuració biològica de baix cost i de processos d'adsorció fisicoquímica amb una pila de combustible d'òxid sòlid en una planta pilot industrial de 2.8 kWe instal·lada en una Estació Depuradora d'Aigües Residuals a Catalunya (Mataró). Els resultats experimentals han demostrat que les tecnologies de tractament de biogàs són capaces d'assolir els exigents nivells de qualitat de 0.5 ppmv S i 1 mg Si/Nm3 tant en el curt com en el llarg plaç. Per altra part, s'ha realitzat una estudi tècnic-econòmic comparatiu entre les piles de combustible (d'òxid sòlid i de carbonat fos) amb els motors de combustió interna i les microturbines per a diferents tamanys de planta i composicions del biogàs. D'aquesta manera, s'ha confirmat el paper important que poden jugar les piles de combustible en l'assoliment d'un tractament d'aigües residuals autosuficient; particularment en plantes de tamany petit i mitjà. Avui en dia, els projectes de valorització energètica de biogàs a través de piles de combustible encara s'han de justificar per raons ambientals ja que es requereixen millores tant en el rendiment tècnic com en els costos d'inversió. No obstant, aquesta tesi demostra que aquesta tecnologia de pròxima generació serà econòmicament viable en el curt termini i podrà competir amb les tecnologies convencionals. La investigació col·laborativa entre productors de biogàs, proveïdors de tecnologies de tractament i fabricants de piles de combustible serà imprescindible durant els propers anys per tal que la tecnologia pugui convertir-se en una realitat en el sector del tractament d'aigües residuals urbanes.
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Đorđe, Đatkov. "Razvoj metode za ocenu efikasnosti rada poljoprivrednih biogas postrojenja primenom fazi logike i ekspertskih sistema." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Fakultet tehničkih nauka u Novom Sadu, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/NS20130923DJATKOV.
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Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je da se razvije metoda čijim korišćenjem može da se doprinese poboljšanju efikasnosti rada poljoprivrednih biogas postrojenja. Da bi se to ostvarilo, izabrani su odgovarajući kriterijumi i parametri. Razvijena je metoda za ocenu efikasnosti, a rezultati dobijeni njenim korišćenjem ukazuju na potrebu za poboljšanjem. Razvijena je i metoda za analizu mogućnosti poboljšanja, kojom se predlažu mere za ostvarenje poboljšanja. U razvoju metoda korišćeni su principi fazi logike i ekspertskih sistema, da se modeluje neodređenost u podacima i koristi ekspertsko znanje za ocenu. Testiranjem metoda, koristeći podatke o radu petnaest postrojenja u Bavarskoj, zaključeno je da su metode primenljive u obliku pomoćnog alata za sprovođenje poboljšanja efikasnosti.The aim of this investigation was to develop a method that can be usedfor improving the efficiency of agricultural biogas plants. In order toachieve this, appropriate criteria and parameters were selected. Themethod for assessing the efficiency was developed, which resultsindicate the need for improvement. The method for analyzing thepossibilities of improvement was developed as well, in order to proposemeasures for improvement. In development of methods, principles offuzzy logic and expert systems were used, in order to model uncertaintyin the data and to use expert knowledge for assessment. According totest results, using data of fifteen biogas plants in Bavaria, it wasconcluded that methods can be used for efficiency improvement.
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Svoboda, Jan. "Vliv mebránové separace bioplynu na stávající provoz bioplynové stanice." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-254343.
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The thesis deals with the issue of removing carbon dioxide from biogas using membrane separation. Addresses the impact of the implementation of a small research facility at the existing operation of the biogas plant. Assessment of the impact on traffic is solved in terms of technical and economic.
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Chládek, Ivo. "Specifika výstavby a provozu bioplynových zemědělských stanic včetně posouzení jejich ekonomické efektivnosti z hlediska stávající dotační, subvenční a pobídkové politiky v oblasti obnovitelných zdrojů energie." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-200185.
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The subject of this thesis is precisely what one sentence he says her name - the specifics of the construction and operation of agricultural biogas plants ( BPZS ) including assessment of their economic efficiency in terms of the existing subsidy , subsidy and incentive policies for renewable energy sources ( RES) . The site -specific construction and operation in the detail reports for this purpose specially modified documents business plan - feasibility and economic audit. Economic efficiency of the existing subsidy , subsidy and incentive policy examines modern fundamental financial analysis projects based APV ( taking into account the effects of special financing details of the NPV) . Based on its findings the conclusion of the practical part of the thesis formulated specific recommendations that can effectively contribute to the suppression of the feared consequences of the expected boom BPZS development in the country.
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Fahlbusch, Wiebke [Verfasser], Hans [Akademischer Betreuer] Ruppert, Hans [Gutachter] Ruppert, and Klaus [Gutachter] Dittert. "Transfer of Main and Trace Elements from Soil to Plant with an Emphasis on Trace Element Supply for Biogas Digestion Plants / Wiebke Fahlbusch ; Gutachter: Hans Ruppert, Klaus Dittert ; Betreuer: Hans Ruppert." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1168473411/34.
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Nguyen, Vo Chau Ngan. "Small-scale anaerobic digesters in Vietnam - development and challenges." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-88525.
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Small-scale anaerobic digesters, known as biogas plants, were applied as an optimal livestock waste treatment as well as biogas supply for cooking and lighting demand for small-scale farmers in Vietnam. Although the biogas technology was introduced for nearly 30 years, the number of the constructed biogas plants is still limited. The current development of biogas plants is far below the real demand on livestock waste treatment that has increased significantly. This paper gives a comprehensive overview on the biogas plant development in Vietnam and attempts to address the challenges and discuss appropriate solutions for the further biogas developmentMô hình lên men yếm khí quy mô nhỏ (được biết với tên hầm ủ khí sinh học) đã được ứng dụng hiệu quả trong xử lý chất thải chăn nuôi cũng như cung cấp nguồn nhiên liệu phục vụ nhu cầu nấu ăn và thắp sáng cho các hộ chăn nuôi nhỏ ở Việt Nam. Mặc dù đã hiện diện gần 30 năm, nhưng số lượng hầm ủ khí sinh học vẫn còn hạn chế. Sự gia tăng số lượng hầm ủ khí sinh học chưa theo kịp với nhu cầu về xử lý chất thải chăn nuôi đang ngày càng gia tăng. Bài báo trình bày các chặng đường phát triển của hầm ủ khí sinh học tại Việt Nam, ghi nhận các thách thức trong việc nhân rộng hầm ủ khí sinh học trong thực tế và thảo luận một số giải pháp để phát triển công nghệ khí sinh học
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Caizzi, Adriano. "Modelling desulfurization of Biogas from Biomass gasification plants." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020.
Find full textAbstract:
This Thesis originates from the demand of a freeware useful to describe the behavior of a filter for biogas. The whole project was done in an Austrian research institute, BioEnergy2020+, based in Graz. Particular attention is focused on hydrogen sulphide (H2S), which is one of the major biogas pollutants. Concentrations above 140 mg m–3 are harmful for human health.
The first part of the thesis is a brief explanation of why biogas and biomasses are important in an optic of reduction of greenhouse gases in the European Union, then is shown a brief review of the most promising technologies for biogas purification from H2S.
An Impregnated Activated Carbon - Packed Bed Reactor is chosen to do the filtration. To evaluate the calculation, it was used an original script, written in Julia Language. A system of Partial Differential Equations was developed using the finite differences method in order to have the concentration of pollutants in various time-steps. Multiple iterations were made to check the effective duration of the filter and when it needs a regeneration.
The last part shows the results discussion and the comparison with an existing study on H2S pollutant, made with a proprietary software (COMSOL).
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Kajsa, Ignberg. "Struvit i Skövde biogasanläggning : En studie av struvitpåväxt i rör och alternativa lösningar för att minska problemet och dess uppkomst." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för ekoteknik och hållbart byggande, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-25186.
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Målet med denna undersökning har varit att finna metoder för rening av struvitpåväxt i rör på Skövde biogasanläggning samt metoder för att undvika uppkomst av struvit. Detta för att man på anläggningen ska kunna öka verkningsgraden och fungera mer resursoptimerat för att på så sätt komma närmare en hållbar samhällsutveckling. Struvit (magnesiumammoniumfosfat hexahydrat) är ett vitt hårt mineral som vanligtvis förekommer i rör, värmeväxlare, pumpar och centrifuger på vattenreningsanläggningar och efter rötningsprocess på biogasanläggningar. Struvit fäller ut som en följd av bland annat pH, temperatur, koncentration och övermättnad. Även rörmaterial kan ha en påverkan på struvitfällning. Undersökningen har genomförts med hjälp av studiebesök samt analys av biogödsel och struvit på Skövde biogasanläggning. Detta för att ta fram den mängd struvit som kan fälla och vart på anläggningen detta sker. En enklare benchmarking har genomförts som har visat att struvitfällning på biogasanläggningar främst uppstår i värmeväxlare och att påväxten där är temperaturberoende. Material och kemikalier har undersökts för att ta fram metoder för rening och hindrande av uppkomst av struvit. Undersökningen har visat på att struvit främst uppkommer i värmeväxlaren och i rörkrökar på anläggningen och att detta är beroende av de pH, övermättnad, temperaturer och höga koncentrationer av fosfor, magnesium och ammonium som finns. Utifrån studien har en teori skapats om att mineralet först uppkommer i kammaren mellan rötkammare och mellantank. Undersökningen visar vidare på att de metoder som är mest effektiva för borttagning av påväxt struvit är att hacka loss mineralen alternativt byta ut rören. För att hindra att påväxt på rör sker rekommenderas att en kombination av metoder genomförs, vilka minskar energianvändningen på anläggningen och hindrar stopp i biogasproduktionen. Kemikalier bör användas om kristallbildning helt ska hindras. Dessa bör tillsättas i nämnda kammare. Till detta bör planerade underhåll ske för att minimera redan påväxt struvit. De rör som byts på anläggningen bör i främsta hand bytas mot plastmaterial. På så sätt kan anläggningen fungera mer resurseffektivt och onödig miljöpåverkan undviks. I studien har endast en grov kostnadsanalys kunnat genomföras. För att vidare understödja ovanstående metod rekommenderas därför en djupare ekonomisk analys genomföras. Denna bör även innefatta studier av kemikaliedos samt undersökning av kontrollplatser för planerade underhåll.The goal with the study has been to find methods for cleaning and prevention of struvite at Skövde biogasanläggning (biogas plant). This to increase the efficiency and resource optimize the biogas plant and in that way get closer to a sustainable development of the society. Struvite (magnesiumammoniumphosphate hexahydrate) is a white, harsh mineral that commonly occurs in pipes, heat exchangers, pumps, and centrifuges at wastewater plants and after digestion processes at biogas plants. Struvite precipitates as a result of pH, temperatures, concentrations and supersaturation. Pipe material can also contribute. The study has been conducted through study visits and analyses of digestate and struvite at Skövde biogasanläggning to find the amount of struvite that can precipitate and where at the plant this happens. A simple benchmarking has been conducted, which shows that struvite precipitation at biogas plants mainly occurs in heat exchangers and that the fouling is temperature dependent. Materials and chemicals have been studied to find methods for cleaning and prevention of struvite. The study has shown that struvite mainly occurs in the heat exchanger and in pipe bends at the biogas plant and that it is dependent of the pH, supersaturation, temperature and high concentrations of phosphorous, magnesium and ammonium. A theory has been made from the study that the mineral first appears in the chamber between the digesters and heat storage tank. The study further shows that the most effective methods to clean fouling of struvite is to by hand chip the mineral alternatively replace the pipes. To prevent fouling of pipes a combination of methods is recommended, which minimizes the energy usage at the plant and prevent stops in the biogas production. Chemicals should be used if crystallization is to be completely stopped. The chemicals should be added in the above- mentioned chamber. Also planned maintenance should be conducted to minimize fouling. The pipes that are to be replaced should be replaced with pipes made of plastic materials. By doing this the resource efficiency increases and unnecessary environmental impact of the plant is avoided. The study has only included a rough cost analysis. To further support the above- mentioned methods a deeper economic analysis is recommended, which should include a study of chemical dosage and inspection sites for planned maintenance.
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Bombíková, Kamila. "Podnikatelský záměr." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-223292.
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This thesis is a proposal for a business plan for the construction of biogas plants. The first part is to find a theoretical basis of the work. The second section analyzes the current situation of the company. After a chapter with a proposal for investment in construction of biogas plants, the economic part and final part of the evaluation indicated the proposed solution.
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Doležal, Tomáš. "Business Plan: The Development and Operation of Biomass Power Plant." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-125031.
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The goals of this thesis are to create a comprehensive business plan manual from various business plan frameworks and to clarify project documentation necessary for the commencement of the biomass power plant. The theoretical part serves to the reader as a manual, how to write a business plan. In each section the thesis lists necessary questions to be answered, the theory and the recommendations what to include in the business plan. The practical part represents a complete business plan of the development and op-eration of the biomass power plant with focus on the political analysis, key resources and financial analysis. In the end of the thesis the investment decision criteria are pre-sented together with the risks analysis, providing a solid information base upon which a potential investor can decide, whether to invest into the project.
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Halama, Adam. "Hodnocení efektivnosti investičního projektu výstavby bioplynové stanice." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-192470.
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The goal of this master thesis is to evaluate an investment project to a biogas power plant. The first part of the master thesis defined the essential theory needed for the capital investment decisions. There is overview of the most important investment criteria like net present value and methods and sources of project financing. In the analytical part I calculate the necessary values like revenues, operational costs and depreciation in order to find out projects cash flow. The investment is then evaluated by investment criteria. In order to make the analysis more accurate the sensitivity analysis is made. In the last part of the thesis there is an overview of results and a investment recommendation.
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Vaňorek, Tomáš. "Návrh systému odměňování ve společnosti BGS Energy plus,a.s." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-222893.
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The aim of this thesis is upgrading the existing remuneration system that supports employee performance, and thus performance across the organization. Analyze the current situation in the particular company and on that basis to suggest possible changes in the existing system of employee compensation. The work is detailed in the company BGS Energy Plus, Inc., which makes use of market opportunities in renewable energy.
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Novotná, Miroslava. "NIMBY efekt: Postoj obyvatel v případě plánované výstavby bioplynové stanice." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-125010.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of the thesis is a research of the "Not In My Back Yard" effect, a negative attitude of local people to a construction of a new and potentially dangerous project in their vicinity. The thesis quantifies strength of the NIMBY effect in Městec Králové, a town where a biogas plant is planned to be constructed. The hypothesis is that the strength of the NIMBY effect is higher for the people who live in a higher proximity to a planned construction than for the people who do not.The hypothesis is evaluated based on data gained by an own survey conducted among residents of the town.Quantification of the NIMBY effect is more frequently a subject of research of foreign studies; empirical studies of biogas plants are rather rare. From this reason I have implemented a study of population of Městec Králové and tried to prove whether presence of the "Not In My Back Yard" effect can be indicated.
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Souza, José de. "Contribuição para um método de dimensionamento de plantas de biogás." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/134594.
Full textAbstract:
Apresenta-se na tese proposta uma contribuição ao método aplicado no projeto de plantas de biogás composto de seis passos. Inicia-se com o levantamento de dados do local de instalação da planta de biogás, o planejamento, dimensionamento da planta de biogás e a escolha de tecnologias. Por fim segue a modelagem mecânica computacional em CAD e por último a simulação dos tanques biorreatores com programas computacionais. A metodologia desenvolvida foi testada no projeto de uma planta de biogás para biodigestão de silagem de milho (35000 m3 ao ano) no município de São Francisco de Paula-RS. O biorreator foi dimensionado com volume de 2100 m3 e um volume de biogás gerado foi estimado em 18219 m3 por dia. As simulações mecânicas computacionais foram executadas para a escolha da espessura das chapas a serem utilizadas nos tanques biorreatores. Foram dimensionados os biorreatores da planta e simulados em três materiais metálicos distintos, o aço duplex AISI 318, o aço austenítico AISI 316L e o aço carbono laminado ASTM A36. A melhor chapa verificada para o caso foi a do aço AISI 318 utilizando-se chapas de 1,5 a 3,0 mm de espessura. A diminuição da espessura reduz em 29% em massa o material empregado na fabricação dos tanques biorreatores em comparação com o uso de espessuras de chapas 3 mm em todo o tanque. Já para o aço AISI 316 L e ASTM A-36 diminui-se em 34% em massa do material a ser empregado na fabricação dos tanques biorreatores caso sejam utilizadas diferentes espessuras.This thesis presents a contribution to the method for the biogas plant project and consists of six steps. Start with the location of data collection biogas plant installation, planning, biogas plant design and the choice of technologies. Finally follows the computational mechanical modeling in CAD and simulation of bioreactor tanks with computer programs. The methodology was tested in a design of a biogas plant for digestion of corn silage (35,000 m3 per year) in São Francisco de Paula-RS. The bioreactor was sized with a volume of 2100 m3 for a volume of 18,219 m3 of biogas per day. The mechanical computer simulations were performed to select the thickness of the sheets to be used in the bioreactor tank. The bioreactor plant and were scaled simulated in three different metallic materials, the duplex steel AISI 318, AISI 316L austenitic steel and rolled carbon steel ASTM A36. The plate most suitable for the manufacturing was the AISI 318 steel with thickness of 1.5 to 3.0 mm. With the simulation we obtained a decrease of plate thickness. This generated a mass reduction of 29% of the material used in manufacturing the tank bioreactors compared to using a 3 mm plate thickness throughout the tank. For steel AISI 316L and ASTM A-36 we subtract 34% by weight of the material to be used in manufacturing the tank bioreactors where different thicknesses are used as computer simulation.