Academic literature on the topic 'The blue bird'
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Journal articles on the topic "The blue bird"
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Farhan, Noor, and Ahmed Hussein. "Histological comparison of pancreas and duodenum in Barn Owl, Moorhen and Budgie birds." Tikrit Journal for Agricultural Sciences 25, no. 1 (2025): 88–100. https://doi.org/10.25130/tjas.25.1.7.
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The study aimed to describe the histological features of Pancreas and Duodenum in Common Moorhen (Galinula choropus), Barn Owl (Tyto alba) and common Budgie (Melopsittacus undulatus). Compare histological parameters of Pancreas and Duodenum among these birds. In the current study, Histochemistry of Pancreas showed that the use of Masson trichrome staining in Owl’s pancreas shows presence of collagen fibers in the septa between lobes and also within the capsule surrounded the organ. while this stain shows positive reaction only in capsule in Moorhen and Budgie bird pancreas. Owl bird and budgerigar bird pancreas show positive reaction to Alcian blue stain. Alcian blue –PAS mixture in Owl pancreas shows the presence of mucin around the interlober ducts and in the exocrine portions. Moorhen bird pancreas has more mucin in the interlober ducts and exocrine portion than that of Owl’s pancreas. Histochemistry of the duodenum by the use of Masson Trichrom staining in Budgie bird showed the presence of collagen fibers in the serosa and the core of the villi and in the submucosa, moorhen bird duodenum shows the presence of collagen fibers in submucosa as well as in serosa and within muscularis layer. While Alcian blue in Budgie bird show that presence of acidic sulphated mucin within submucosa and muscularis and serosa. Alcian blue –PAS mixture stain showed the duodenum of the three birds expresses the goblet cells positively reacted to this stain due to the presence of acid mucine within.
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Smith, Peter, and Judy Smith. "Influence of fire regime and other habitat factors on a eucalypt forest bird community in south-eastern Australia in the 1980s." Australian Journal of Zoology 64, no. 5 (2016): 312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo16053.
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We investigated bird habitat relationships in extensive eucalypt forest in the Blue Mountains, New South Wales, in 1986–87, assessing the importance of fire regime variables compared with other habitat variables. Our study sites encompassed a wide range of postfire ages, fire frequencies and fire severity, but we found no major bird community differences corresponding to differences in fire regime. The more common forest bird species appeared well adapted to fire regime variation in the 1980s. Tree canopy height was a far greater influence, with more species and more birds in taller forests (interpreted as a result of higher soil fertility leading to higher productivity of bird foods and greater structural complexity in taller forests). Other trends were fewer birds where there was a rainforest understorey under the eucalypts (reflecting the general scarcity of rainforest birds in the Blue Mountains), and more birds where nectar-rich flowers were more abundant (reflecting the abundance of nectarivorous birds in the Blue Mountains, especially over winter). The climate has changed since the 1980s and fires threaten to become much more severe, extensive and frequent. How these changes will impact on forest birds, and what management responses are required, is a critical area for further study.
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Daben, M. R., B. O. Echor, and S. A. Da’an. "Abundance and diversity of ectoparasites of wild birds in Pandam Wildlife Park, Plateau State, Nigeria." Nigerian Journal of Parasitology 41, no. 1 (2020): 6–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njpar.v41i1.2.
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Birds’ populations are being threatened by parasites that have not received adequate attention by parasitologists. This study aimed at evaluating the abundance and diversity of ectoparasites of the wild birds in Pandam Wildlife Park. A systematic five-month study of ectoparasites was conducted. Sixty-two (62) birds were trapped using mist nets and examined for ectoparasite infestation. Wool soaked with 70% ethanol, using gloved-protected-hand; ectoparasites were carefully extracted, preserved in sampling bottles containing 70% alcohol for morphological identification. A wide spectrum insecticide (0.09% tetrametrin and 0.45 piperronyl) was used to pulverize tiny parasites on the feather over a white paper. Overall, 4,066 ectoparasites belonging to 5 orders, 8 families, and 24 species were identified from the trapped birds. Fiftysix 56(90.3%) birds were found to be infested with ectoparasites, while 6(9.7%) had none. Phthirathera, and Siphonaptera were the most and least abundant respectively. The highest parasites found were lice (96.60%) and the least, fleas (0.02%). Wing predilection site had the highest infestation rate (83%), and the lowest was the leg (0.37%). The most caught and most infested bird species was the West African thrush bird Turdus pelios (14.28%), followed by the Red-checked cuckoo-shrike and Bronze manikin (10.70% and 7.14%) respectively. Least species of bird infested among others, were the African paradise king fisher, Blue-throated brown sunbird, Blue-spotted wood dove, and Blue-breasted fire finch (1.79%). Nevertheless, there was no significant difference (p>0.05) in the rate of infestations among the caught and examined bird species. The study provided useful insight and knowledge on how diverse and abundant ectoparasites of bird species are in this park and possible vector-borne diseases that may have zoonotic potential.
 Keywords: Abundance; birds; ectoparasites; diversity; park; wildlife.
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Siregar, Sri, Tanti Sembiring, and Tia Sucipto. "Study Literature Review of Financial Analysis on PT Bluebird In Medan City." Jurnal Ekonomi, Manajemen, Akuntansi dan Keuangan 6, no. 2 (2025): 5. https://doi.org/10.53697/emak.v6i2.2309.
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This study aims to analyse the financial performance of PT Blue Bird in Medan City within [time span]. The analysis was conducted using financial ratios, such as liquidity, solvency, profitability, and activity. The results showed that PT Blue Bird has good financial performance indicated by high profitability ratios]. Factors affecting the financial performance of PT Blue Bird were also identified, such as business competition, government regulations, and technological developments. This research is expected to contribute to a better understanding of the financial performance of transport companies in Indonesia, especially PT Blue Bird.
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Schimmel, Leah, and Frederick Wasserman. "An Interspecific Comparison of Individual and Species Recognition in the Passerines Turdus Migratorius and Cyanocitta Cristata." Behaviour 118, no. 1-2 (1991): 115–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853991x00238.
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AbstractRobins (Turdus migratorius) and blue jays (Cyanocitta cristata) were raised in heterospecific and conspecific pairs to observe the impact of early social experience on the later ability to recognize and associate with conspecifics. Birds were also tested to determine if they could distinguish between a 'nestmate' (the bird they were raised with), versus an unfamiliar bird of the nestmate's species. All choices involved combinations of the two species. After thirty days of being raised with another individual (approximately day 10 to day 40 post-hatch), each experimental subject was tested in a weight-sensitive electronic 'choice' apparatus. Blue jays preferred the company of a nestmate over a non-nestmate. Blue jays also chose the nestmate's species when given a choice between two unfamiliar birds, robins chose the alternative to the nestmate's species and did not discriminate between the nestmate and its conspecific.
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Febriyani, Arifa Rachma. "MANAJEMEN KRISIS DAN REPUTASI PERUSAHAAN TAKSI KONVENSIONAL TERKAIT DEMONSTRASI PENOLAKAN TAKSI ONLINE Studi Kasus pada Blue Bird Group." Interaksi: Jurnal Ilmu Komunikasi 6, no. 1 (2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/interaksi.6.1.1-14.
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The demonstration to refuse online taxi Uber and Grab driven by PPAD Jadetabek on March 22 is a crisis for Blue Bird Group that has been known to have a positive reputation. This is due to the demonstrations was allegedly provoked by one of the Blue Bird driver's. The purpose of this study is to describe the Blue Bird Group's PR strategy in managing the crisis as a result of the demonstration in order to save the reputation of their organization. The results showed PR Blue Bird Group implements several crisis response strategies, such as execuse, apologize, compensation, and reminders.
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Leo, Muarif, and Herman Herman. "ANALISIS RETURN OF ASSET (ROA) DAN RETURN OF EQUITY (ROE) PADA PERUSAHAAN TRANSPORTASI PT. BLUE BIRD." Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis 1, no. 1 (2022): 19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.57151/jeko.v1i1.8.
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This study aims 1) To determine the return on assets (ROA) obtained by the company PT. Blue Bird, 2) To interpret the return on assets (ROA) obtained by the company PT. Blue Bird, 3) To find out the return of equity (ROE) obtained by the company PT. Blue Bird, 4) To interpret the return of equity (ROE) obtained by the company PT. Blue Bird. The results of this study indicate that the company's profit of PT Blue Bird reached more than four hundred billion in 2018, but in the following year until 2020 the net profit generated by the company is decreasing even in 2019 the company suffered a very large loss, which touched the number more than one hundred and sixty billion, this is due to a pandemic experienced by the world so that it has an impact on company income, especially in the transportation sector, this is also due to regulations achieved by the government to prevent the spread of the corona virus by prohibiting people from traveling so that it will certainly greatly impacted the income of businesses in the transportation sector such as PT Blue Bird.
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Mulyanti, Khairaningrum, and Niken Asyiami Rahma. "PENGARUH PENERAPAN GOOD CORPORATE GOVERNANCE (GCG) TERHADAP KUALITAS LAPORAN KEUANGAN PADA PT IRON BIRD (BLUE BIRD GROUP)." LAND JOURNAL 1, no. 1 (2021): 42–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.47491/landjournal.v1i1.593.
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Good Corporate Governance atau tata kelola perusahaan adalah sistem yang mengatur dan mengendalikan perusahaan untuk menciptakan nilai tambah bagi setiap stakeholder. Laporan keuangan memiliki empat karakteristik kualitatif pokok yaitu, dapat dipahami, relevan, keandalan, dapat diperbandingkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penerapan Good Corporate Governance (GCG) di PT Iron Bird Logistics (Blue Bird Group), mengetahui kualitas laporan keuangan di di PT Iron Bird Logistics (Blue Bird Group), mengetahui kualitas laporan keuangan di di PT Iron Bird Logistics (Blue Bird Group). Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kuantitatif. Alat analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu Uji Validitas, Uji Reliabilitas, Uji t, Uji Korelasi Spearman Rank, Uji koefisien Determinasi, Analisis Regresi Linear Sederhana. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian tersebut, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh antara penerapan good corporate governance (X) terhadap kualitas laporan keuangan (Y).
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Ayuningtyas, Nurma Gupita. "TINJAUAN ATAS PENERAPAN AKUNTANSI ASET TETAP PADA PT BLUE BIRD TBK BERDASARKAN PSAK 16." Jurnal Acitya Ardana 2, no. 1 (2022): 104–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.31092/jaa.v2i1.1347.
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ABSTRAK
 Penyusunan dan penyajian laporan keuangan perusahaan di Indonesia mengacu pada Standar Akuntansi Keuangan. PT Blue Bird Tbk merupakan pionir dalam industri taksi di Indonesia yang resmi go public di Bursa Efek Indonesia pada tanggal 14 November 2014. Oleh sebab itu, laporan keuangan PT Blue Bird Tbk semestinya disusun sesuai dengan Standar Akuntansi Keuangan yang berlaku di Indonesia. Aktiva tetap merupakan satu dari beberapa komponen yang terdapat di laporan keuangan, khususnya dalam laporan posisi keuangan. Karena memiliki peranan yang penting, entitas harus menentukan kebijakan pengelolaan aset tetap yang tepat dan memadai. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meninjau penerapan akuntansi aset tetap pada PT Blue Bird Tbk berdasarkan Pernyataan Standar Akuntansi Keuangan (PSAK) 16, mulai dari perolehan hingga penyajian serta pengungkapan dalam laporan keuangan untuk laporan keuangan PT Blue Bird Tbk tahun 2019 (audited). Metode yang digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kuantitatif yang berupa metode kepustakaan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, PT Blue Bird Tbk menerapkan PSAK 16 tentang Aset Tetap dengan cukup baik dan telah memadai.
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Sri Mardiana. "Analysis of Liquidity Ratios, Profitability Ratios and Solvency Ratios to Assess the Financial Performance of PT Blue Bird Tbk for the Period 2017 – 2022." International Journal of Integrated Science and Technology 3, no. 1 (2025): 1229–40. https://doi.org/10.59890/ijist.v3i1.194.
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This study uses liquidity ratios, profitability ratios, and solvency ratios to evaluate PT. Blue Bird Tbk's financial performance from 2017 to 2022. PT. Blue Bird Tbk's financial statements for the years 2017–2022 serve as the basis for the study's quantitative and descriptive methodology. In order to assess PT's financial performance, the liquidity ratios were calculated using the current ratio and quick ratio. According to Blue Bird Tbk, the current ratio and quick ratio are both considered "Healthy" for the years 2017–2022. This suggests that the business can fulfill its immediate responsibilities. When evaluating PT's financial performance, Return on Equity is scored as "Healthy," while Return on Assets is rated as "Healthy." For the years 2017–2022, Blue Bird Tbk has been graded as "Less Healthy." This indicates that the business has not been able to turn a profit from its ongoing operations. As for the Debt to Equity Ratio, which assesses PT's financial performance, it is assessed as "Healthy," and the Debt to Assets Ratio. Blue Bird Tbk for the period 2017-2022 is also rated as "Healthy." This indicates that not all of the company's activities are financed by debt. For the years 2017–2022, Blue Bird Tbk is likewise graded as "Healthy." This suggests that not all of the business's operations are funded by debt.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "The blue bird"
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Hwang, Mirae. "The Blue Bird." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1522319891865069.
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Nyquist, Linda. "Migration patterns of blue tits (Parus caeruleus) at Hammarö Bird Observatory." Thesis, Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-565.
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<p>Animal migration is a well known natural phenomenon and bird migration is perhaps the most obvious type. In some bird populations all individuals migrate, while in others only a fraction of the population migrates. The blue tit is a partial migrant; i.e. some individuals in the population migrate while others are sedentary. Some years, large numbers of partial migrants leave their breeding grounds and appear as invasion species in other areas. Shortage of food and high population densities are suggested as two important releasing factors. Theory predicts that juvenile birds, especially females, should arrive earlier since they are smaller and therefore are forced to leave their birth areas first.</p><p>In this study, the migration of blue tits at Hammarö Bird Observatory in northern lake Vänern (HBO) was examined with respect to age and sex distribution. During the autumns of 1977-2005, a total number of 13 944 blue tits were caught and ringed at HBO. A large fraction of the caught blue tits were juveniles, of which female and non-sexed birds dominated. Juvenile males were the third largest group, whereas adults were only caught in small numbers. The period when most birds arrived was between 28th of September and 2nd of October, but juvenile females did not arrived significantly earlier. The median arrival date was the 2nd of October, and the mean arrival date was 30th of September. There was a trend of earlier arrival dates, which may be due to warmer spring climate leading to an earlier breeding start. Analyses showed that the proportion of juveniles increased significantly with mean arrival date and total number of birds caught. Comparison between HBO, Falsterbo and Ottenby showed that birds arrived significantly earlier at HBO. In 1990 and 2003 all bird observatories (HBO, Falsterbo, Ottenby and Jomfruland) captured more birds than respectively stations average and in 1995, 1998 and 2002 fewer birds than average were captured at all sites.</p><br><p>Förekomsten av migration är vida känt i djurvärlden och fåglars flyttning är kanske den mest uppenbara typen. I vissa populationer flyttar alla fåglar, i andra flyttar ingen. Blåmesen tillämpar partiell migration, dvs. en del individer i populationen flyttar medan andra stannar. Vissa år lämnar partiellt flyttande fåglar fortplantningsområdet i stora antal och invaderar andra områden – dålig födotillgång och höga populationstätheter är två viktiga, utlösande faktorer.</p><p>I den här studien undersöktes successionen av flyttande blåmesar vid Hammarö fågelstation i norra delen av Vänern (HBO) med avseende på ålders- och könsfördelning. Under höstarna 1977-2005 fångades och ringmärktes totalt 13 944 blåmesar vid HBO. Den största delen av de fångade blåmesarna var ungfåglar, av vilka honor och obestämda fåglar dominerade. Juvenila hanar utgjorde den tredje största gruppen, medan de adulta fåglarna var få. Den period då de flesta fåglarna fångades var 28 september till 2 oktober. Mediandatum för fångst var 2 oktober, medan medeldatumet var 30 september. Tvärtemot förutsägelserna anlände inte juvenila honor signifikant tidigare än andra kategorier. Det finns en trend att fåglarna fångas allt tidigare på hösten, vilket kan vara ett resultat av ett varmare vårklimat med tidigarelagd häckning som följd. Regressioner visade att proportionen juvenila fåglar ökade signifikant med medelankomstdatum och med det totala antalet fångade fåglar. En jämförelse mellan HBO, Falsterbo och Ottenby visade att fåglarna anlände signifikant tidigare till HBO. 1990 och 2003 var de enda år då HBO, Falsterbo, Ottenby och Jomfruland fångade fler fåglar än respektive stations medelvärde. Åren 1995, 1998 och 2002 fångades färre fåglar än medelvärdet på samtliga stationer.</p>
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Stenning, Martyn J. "Hatching asynchrony in a population of blue tits Parus caeruleus obscurus Prazak." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.260893.
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Ekman, Patrik, and Jens Blomquist. "Conceptual design of a blue water cruiser based on the Storm Bird." Thesis, KTH, Marina system, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-31698.
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This report describes the process of developing a conceptual design of the Storm Bird, a long distance sailing cruiser. The starting point was a boat designed in the mid nineties by the famous Swedish naval architect Håkan Södergren and the aim with the project is to present an idea as to the renewal of the design in a more modern boat. The new Storm bird was supposed to be a full on blue water cruiser concept, a boat that the presumed owner would not have to change in order to set off on his trip.To get insight in the minds and the needs of long distance sailors an extensive market and customer analysis has been undergone. This together with experience in the design team is a base to the thoughts and the ideas incorporated in this design.The hull design was limited to the existing hull moulds meaning that no changes in the hull shape could be made. An alternative however was the transformation from negative to positive transom which proved a very effective way of making the boat feel bigger.The design and layout have been focused on making an effective, well planned but most of all social yacht. The clear boundary between the inside and outside has been removed thanks to a large opening to the cockpit with big windows and good connection. The cockpit and interior areas have been focused towards each other so as to create one big social area, boundary free.Further on the living quarters, as the rest of the boat, are focused on the main idea of the customer being mainly a cruising couple. Therefore an optimal interior layout with focus on the one master cabin has been developedIn the cockpit, seats are comfortable as well as facing forwards and everyone onboard can follow what is going on through the forward placed navigation central. The wide opening between cockpit and interior makes traditional rope handling impossible. All controls are led aft through a clever arrangement to clutches and winches placed on either side of the cockpit instead of on the deck house. This way all functions are in the right position, close to the helmsman. The ropes are later hidden in boxes to ensure a tangle free cockpit.An intelligent overall solution when it comes to onboard systems has been developed as well. Key words have been weight distribution, serviceability and ease of installation. Stowage space and tank volumes correspond to the yacht’s intended use.The structural design has been carried out focusing on arriving at a realistic weight calculation in order to be able to determine centers of gravity and place equipment and ballast to achieve a working concept. Material and manufacturing techniques have been chosen so as to fit the expertise available at the company.Appendage design has focused on modernizing the underwater body by incorporating a new keel and rudder. The performance of the boat has been increased significantly whilst not making it too extreme for its intended purpose.The finished design concept is believed to be a really attractive choice for a blue water sailor.
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Hunt, Sarah. "The ecology of vision in a passeriform bird : the blue tit (Parus caeruleus)." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.302153.
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Benevento, Irene <1996>. "Komar & Melamid, dal Blue Bird Café a Documenta La decostruzione del lessico del potere." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/20992.
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Questa tesi si pone come obiettivo l’analisi del lavoro di Komar & Melamid dall’inizio della loro carriera a Mosca fino all’invito a Documenta nel 1987, evento che sancì il loro ruolo nel mondo dell’arte contemporanea.
La prima collaborazione tra Vitalij Komar e Aleksandr Melamid avvenne nel 1965 presso l’Istituto Stroganov quando, ancora studenti, si occuperanno della classificazione di alcune medaglie rivoluzionarie. Due anni più tardi esporranno al Blue Bird Café, dando vita al loro primo movimento: Retrospectivism, un tentativo di riportare la spiritualità all’interno delle opere d’arte guardando al passato modernista. Gli anni Settanta videro uno svilupparsi della scena Underground moscovita all’interno della quale iniziarono a definirsi alcune correnti, il Concettualismo moscovita si caratterizzò tra queste per lo spirito lirico e l’attenzione al linguaggio
È possibile inquadrare Komar & Melamid all’interno di questa corrente in quanto essi misero in atto una rivalutazione del lessico del Realismo Socialista che li portò ad incorporare quest’ultimo all’interno della loro sfera artistica per mezzo di una riappropriazione dei simboli e dell’iconografia della cultura ufficiale. Dalla realizzazione dell’impossibilità di eliminare il passato staliniano e dalla conseguente decostruzione di questo nacque la Sots Art.
Nel 1974 Komar & Melamid parteciparono alla mostra dei Bulldozer, un’esibizione non autorizzata organizzata in un parco poco fuori Mosca. L’evento fu interrotto dall’arrivo di bulldozer che distrussero le opere e dispersero la folla. La presenza di giornalisti stranieri rese noto oltreoceano l’incidente e, con esso, i nomi dei suoi partecipanti. Fu per molti il trampolino di lancio per una carriera al di fuori dell’Unione Sovietica e, anche grazie ad esso, Komar & Melamid, ancora residenti a Mosca, riuscirono ad esporre nel 1976 alla galleria Ronald Feldman Fine Arts di New York.
Nel 1977 Komar & Melamid, fermi nel limbo burocratico in cui li aveva posti la richiesta d’espatrio, creano TransState, una federazione formati da singoli Stati, le cui dimensioni equivalgono alla vastità del corpo che lo incarna. Pochi mesi dopo i due riuscirono ad emigrare in Israele. Qui gli artisti si dedicarono ad una serie di progetti che li portarono a vestire i panni di archeologi alla scoperta dell’Arcadia a collaborare per la prima volta con un animale e a svolgere un rituale sul Monte Sinai.
Ancor prima di lasciare l’Unione Sovietica Komar & Melamid iniziarono a rivolgere le loro istanze di decostruzione ai simboli del capitalismo traducendo i loro lavori in inglese cosicché, arrivati a New York nel 1978, la loro carriera si presentava già avviata. Nei dieci anni che intercorrono tra il loro arrivo e Documenta i due portarono avanti moltissimi progetti, tra cui la società Komar & Melamid Inc. che si occupava di compravendita di anime. Negli Stati Uniti prende avvio anche la serie Nostalgic Socialist Realism che, attraverso l’esplorazione della memoria perduta del loro passato e del corredo di simboli e miti che facevano parte dell’identità sovietica riportò sulla tela il Realismo Socialista.
Dagli anni Sessanta al 2003, Komar & Melamid crearono un vastissimo archivio delle loro esperienze, ironizzando e decostruendo ogni modello di governo e di pensiero costituito. Il loro lavoro si rivela particolarmente rilevante in quanto, figli dell’Unione Sovietica, nella loro esperienza americana riuscirono lucidamente a scandagliare i meandri dell’attività capitalista e delle paure del popolo americano. La loro attività da entrambe le parti della Cortina si rivela essenziale per comprendere i modelli e i lessici tramite i quali il potere si esprime; l’ironia che caratterizza il loro lavoro gli garantisce inoltre la possibilità di muoversi liberamente all’interno delle ideologie come cittadini autonomi del TransState.
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Bonamour, du Tartre Suzanne. "Breeding with seasons : variability, heritability, and natural selection of phenological plasticity in a wild bird." Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTG070.
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La plasticité phénotypique – l’expression par un génotype de différents phénotypes en fonction de l’environnement – est un processus omniprésent dans la nature. Les changements de phénologie sont actuellement l’une des principales réponses au changement climatique. Bien qu’elle ait permis des réponses adaptatives aux variations environnementales par le passé, la plasticité phénotypique pourrait, dans un futur proche, ne plus être adaptative en raison des transformations importantes et rapides des écosystèmes. Dans un tel contexte, l’évolution de la plasticité phénotypique pourrait être cruciale à la persistance des populations, cela nécessitant que la plasticité soit héritable et soumise à la sélection naturelle. Un des exemples les plus étudiés de plasticité phénologique est la variation de la date de ponte en fonction de la température chez les oiseaux. Les températures printanières sont en effet l’indice environnemental le plus corrélé aux changements de phénologie chez la plupart des espèces de passereaux en région tempérée. En se basant sur les suivis à long-terme de quatre populations naturelles de mésanges bleues (Cyanistes caeruleus) en région méditerranéenne, cette thèse s’intéresse à la variabilité, l’héritabilité et la sélection naturelle sur la plasticité phénotypique de la phénologie de la reproduction. Premièrement, dans une revue bibliographique sur l’influence du changement climatique sur la plasticité phénotypique, nous avons mis en évidence l’importance des effets probables du changement climatique sur la fiabilité des indices environnementaux. Ce point a fait l’objet d’une étude plus poussée dans nos quatre populations de mésanges ainsi que chez leurs principales proies (chenilles), mettant en évidence des différences entre populations provenant d’habitats différents. Deuxièmement, pour mieux comprendre les déterminants de la variation intra-individuelle de la phénologie de la date de ponte, nous avons exploré comment le processus de vieillissement affecte l’expression de la plasticité phénotypique de la date de ponte en fonction de la température, révélant une plasticité plus forte chez les femelles matures que chez les femelles jeunes ou âgées. De plus, nous avons évalué la plasticité de la sénescence de reproduction en fonction de la qualité environnementale expérimentée par les oiseaux au cours de leur vie, et montré que les individus dans un bon environnement vieillissent plus vite. Enfin, afin de mieux cerner le potentiel évolutif de la phénologie de la reproduction chez la mésange bleue, nous avons estimé l’héritabilité de la plasticité et mis en œuvre de nouvelles méthodes pour estimer la sélection naturelle sur les normes de réaction. Nous avons détecté de l’héritabilité de la plasticité ainsi que de la sélection, nous prédisons donc une réponse à la sélection de la plasticité de la date de ponte<br>Phenotypic plasticity – the expression by a single genotype of different phenotypes according to the environment – is ubiquitous in nature. Changes in phenology through plastic modulations are currently one of the main responses to climate change in the wild. Despite allowing adaptive and fast responses to environmental variation in the past, phenotypic plasticity may not be adaptive anymore in the new and/or extreme environmental conditions created by rapid global change. In this context, evolution of phenotypic plasticity could be crucial for population adaptation and persistence. One of the most studied examples of phenological plasticity is the variation of avian egg-laying date according to spring temperature which acts as an environmental cue in most of passerines species in temperate regions. Taking advantage of the long-term monitoring of four wild populations of Mediterranean blue tits (Cyanistes caeruleus), this thesis investigates the variability, heritability of and natural selection on phenotypic plasticity of reproductive phenology. First, a review of the influence of climate change on phenotypic plasticity highlighted the importance of potential changes in cue(s) reliability for plasticity to remain adaptive, a point we further explored in our four blue tits populations and their main preys (caterpillars), showing differences among populations from different habitats. Second, to better understand the drivers of within-individual variation of laying date phenology we evaluated how ageing affects plasticity of laying date in response to temperature, and revealed stronger plasticity in mature compared to young or old females. Moreover, we assessed plasticity of reproductive senescence according to the environmental quality experienced by birds during their lifetime and showed that individuals experiencing good environments age faster. Finally, to improve our knowledge of the evolutionary potential of reproductive phenology in this species, we estimated the heritability of laying date and implemented methods to estimate natural selection on laying date and its plasticity. We showed both heritability of and selection on plasticity, we thus expect response to selection
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Warrick, Douglas Robert. "Prey flight behaviors in response to wading bird disturbances and their influence on foraging strategy of Great Blue Herons (Ardea herodias)." Thesis, Thesis (M.S.)--University of Oregon, 1992, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/9891.
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Typescript.
Includes vita and abstract.
Bibliography: Includes bibliographical references (leaves 89-91).<br>A geometric model using idealized prey behaviors in
reaction to wading bird disturbances was developed to
hypothesize how wading bird foraging strategy might most
efficiently counter those behaviors. The model suggests that
for prey responding to wading bird disturbances with flight
response distance strongly negatively correlated to their
distance from the point of disturbance, wading birds could
employ disturbance facilitated social foraging strategy,
thereby increasing individual foraging efficiency and
selecting for social foraging.
In controlled studies of the reactive behaviors of two
primary prey species seen to be taken at disparate rates by
solitary and socially foraging herons, schooling Shiner
Surfperch exhibited behaviors favoring social foraging in
herons, while Staghorn Sculpins exhibited no correlation in their flight response distances relative to their proximity to
the disturbance, and seemed unlikely to be more efficiently
utilized by socially foraging wading birds.
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Hjernquist, Mårten B. "Living in a Variable Environment : Reproductive Decisions in Wild Bird Populations." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Zooekologi, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-9464.
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In nature, environments are often variable and heterogeneous influencing ecological and evolutionary processes. This thesis focus on how animals interact with their environment and how that affects the reproductive decisions they make. Using empirical data collected from wild collared flycatcher populations, experiments and molecular approaches I try to unveil some of these relationships and the evolutionary, ecological and conservation implications of these findings are discussed. Firstly, collared flycatchers were shown to use breeding densities of their own and other species using similar resources when assessing costs and benefits associated to breeding in specific habitats. However, species will vary in how informative they are, and the worst competitor – with whom you overlap most in resources needs – also provides the best source of information. Collared flycatcher parents will also benefit differentially from investments in sons and daughters due to habitat characteristics and dispersal differences between the sexes. Here, I show that they will produce more of the sex that will give the highest expected fitness return given the environment they are in. These results also provide a reciprocal scenario to Clark's (1978) classical study of sex ratio adjustment in relation to local resource competition (LRC), as more of the natal philopatric sex is produced when LRC is low. Secondly, the effect of elaborated ornaments on paternity in the socially monogamous collared flycatcher was shown to be of more importance in areas where the intensity of intra- and intersexual conflicts are expected to be elevated. Hence, ornamentation by environmental interactions determines paternity, illustrating that sexual selection through extra-pair paternity is context dependent. Finally, even though the collared flycatcher populations that this thesis is based on have been studied on their breeding grounds for more then 25 years, we know little of where they are when they are not breeding. Here, stable isotope signatures in winter-grown feathers suggests that they may spend their winter with their breeding ground neighbours and do so repeatedly over years. Differences between breeding populations at this small scale should have many impactions for evolutionary and ecological processes as it will, for example, determine with whom individuals interact throughout their life.
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Stader, Lulu D. "Breeding behaviour of a tropical bird : a study of the blue-throated Bee-eater (Merops viridis) using a relational database and DNA fingerprinting." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/11893.
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The breeding behaviour of the Blue-throated Bee-eater was studied at two colonies in Peninsula Malaysia during 3 breeding seasons, with particular emphasis on pair behaviour, mixed reproductive strategies and nestling competition. This is the first study of vertebrate social behaviour and ecology to contain the documentation of a relational database. This was designed to store and manipulate all data obtained from regular captures and biometric measurements of adults and nestlings and from observations of adults. DNA fingerprinting was used to establish the true genetic relationships between nestlings and their social parents: most nestlings were genetic offspring (72%). Nestlings were classified as illegitimate offspring using 95% confidence intervals of the band sharing coefficient and number of unexplained nestling bands as criteria. Very few if any nestlings were sired by an extra-pair male (fewer than 5%). Behavioural evidence of strong cooperation between pair members throughout the breeding season supports the DNA fingerprinting results of no confirmed case of offspring fathered by extra-pair males (extra-pair offspring; EPO). The Blue-throated Bee-eater probably has a near monogamous mating system. Most illegitimate nestlings had been 'dumped'. They were either the result of intra-specific nest parasitism (INP; 7%) or of 'quasi' parasitism (the offspring of the pair-male and an extra-pair female; 7-12%). INP by relatives of the hosts could have explained some intermediate band sharing coefficients. Anti-INP behaviour was demonstrated when experimentally 'dumped' eggs were almost always expelled before the onset of laying, but never afterwards. DNA fingerprinting showed that relatives may roost together and that related males may nest close together. Compared with other colonial Bee-eaters, M. viridis had low levels of helping-at-the-nest and EPO, but similar or higher levels of INP. The high nestling mortality in Blue-throated Bee-eaters was explained by a combination of three hypotheses, some of which were tested by experiment. (1) Insurance: extra-eggs are needed to counter hatch failure. (2) Brood reduction (including resource tracking): in times of food constraint, the laterhatched nestlings in asynchrously hatched broods starve. (3) Anti-INP hypothesis: these later-hatched nestlings are eliminated because they are likely to be illegitimate. Hatching failure was about 1 in 3 eggs overall. Help from the male allows an early onset of incubation which results in asynchronous hatching. Nestling hunger was shown to be a proximate factor affecting runt mortality both directly through competition and indirectly through nestling aggression. The demise of runts was delayed when conditions improved. Blue-throated Bee-eater broods are severely limited by food. Under this severe brood size constraint, breeding females may increase reproductive output by 'dumping' their last egg. This leads to the high frequency of INP observed in Blue-throated Bee-eaters. An early onset of incubation also gives the first-laid egg(s) a temporal developmental advantage over subsequently 'dumped' parasitic eggs. The 'dumped' nestlings are eliminated by starvation and siblicide, which may itself be an adaptation to INP to eliminate of unrelated nestlings.
Books on the topic "The blue bird"
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Endah, Alberthiene. Sang burung biru: Perjalanan inspiratif Blue Bird Group. Gramedia Pustaka Utama, 2012.
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Meitelinke. Qing niao =: The blue bird. Jiang su shao nian er tong chu ban she, 2010.
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translator, Gong Xun editor, ed. Qing niao: The blue bird. Beijing ri bao chu ban she, 2016.
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Mrs Julieth Ada Ahawaike E. Blue Bird. Createspace Independent Publishing Platform, 2016.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "The blue bird"
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Greif, Alexa, Laura Mraz, Leah Dunleavy, Sarah Hirschman, and Erin Harvey. "Blue Bird Day Program." In An Evidence-Based Guide to Combining Interventions with Sensory Integration in Pediatric Practice. Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003050810-23.
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Mugler, France. "14. “… and the blue bird /flju/ away”." In Language Description, History and Development. John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cll.30.20mug.
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Alves, Fernando, Ambrose Andongabo, Ilir Gashi, Pedro M. Ferreira, and Alysson Bessani. "Follow the Blue Bird: A Study on Threat Data Published on Twitter." In Computer Security – ESORICS 2020. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58951-6_11.
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Johnson, Matthew D., Natalee J. Levy, Jherime L. Kellermann, and Dwight E. Robinson. "Effects of shade and bird exclusion on arthropods and leaf damage on coffee farms in Jamaica’s Blue Mountains." In Advances in Agroforestry. Springer Netherlands, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-3323-9_11.
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"The Blue Bird (L’Oiseau Bleu)." In The Island of Happiness. Princeton University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9780691213668-008.
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"The Blue Bird." In The Island of Happiness. Princeton University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv16f6d59.10.
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Sellars, Vanessa. "Bird Nest Fern." In In Search of the Blue Flower. Edinburgh University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781838382278-016.
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Giddins, Gary. "Heir to a Secret History (Jason Moran)." In Weather Bird. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195304497.003.0096.
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Abstract Blue Note Records is turning out to be, of all things, the Blue Note Records of our time—in an unexpected way. Hard bop is not on the agenda. And the label has not yet found a jukebox favorite like Jimmy Smith, Horace Silver, or, briefly-but-big-time, Lee Morgan, though it has come close with Cassandra Wilson, Charlie Hunter, and, briefly-but-mediumtime, US3. Instead, it is flourishing, musically if not commercially, by extending what I’ve come to think of as jazz’s Secret History, that school of resolute, autonomous wizards who swim right of the avant-garde and left of the mainstream, and usually have to wait, as Monk warned, for the public to “pick up on what you are doing—even if it does take them 15, 20 years.” Alfred Lion’s devotion to Monk established Blue Note’s alternative vision; later signings, beginning with Herbie Nichols in 1955, endorsed an ongoing new wave that never quite rolled into shore though it endures as incredibly clairvoyant.
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"She Observes the Blue Bird." In Castaway. Duke University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9780822396208-065.
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"She Observes the Blue Bird." In Castaway. Duke University Press, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/9780822396208-066.
Full textConference papers on the topic "The blue bird"
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Rad, Parnaz, Seth Greenwood, Nicole Tylor, et al. "Blue bird." In SIGGRAPH '18: Special Interest Group on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques Conference. ACM, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3209800.3214313.
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Pikel, K. V., and I. I. Tsepilova. "CRYPTOSPORIDIUM SPP. INFECTION IN THE GREAT TIT (PARUS MAJOR) AND THE BLUE TIT (CYANISTES CAERULEUS) IN THE IZMAYLOVO NATURAL-HISTORIC PARK (MOSCOW, RUSSIA)." In THEORY AND PRACTICE OF PARASITIC DISEASE CONTROL. VNIIP – FSC VIEV, 2025. https://doi.org/10.31016/978-5-6053355-1-1.2025.26.239-243.
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The family Paridae species, such as the great tit (Parus major) and the blue tit (Cyanistes caeruleus) are common synanthropic birds. They are frequently found in yards of residential buildings, squares, gardens, parks, and forests. Humans often get in contact with these birds, especially due to abundance of manmade bird feeders. Apart from the fact that these feeders are often located in close proximity of human settlements, they also attract other avian species. Thus, we can talk about foci of various parasitic diseases that form at sites of permanent feeders. One of such diseases may possibly be cryptosporidiosis caused by sporozoans of the genus Cryptosporidium. This research investigates such bird feeders as potential cryptosporidiosis foci and tits as its possible vectors. Samples were collected, and studies were conducted on the above-mentioned protozoa in these two specified species inhabiting the Izmaylovo Natural-Historic Park (Moscow, Russia), where they fly for feeding to artificially organized bird feeders. Based on the research, we made conclusions about the role of synanthropic Paridae in forming cryptosporidium invasion sources.
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Kharismadhany, Ekky, Muchammad Zulkifli, Riza Alaudin Syah, and Noverino Rifai. "Jammer Detection on Embedded Android Implementation: Blue Bird Group Case Study." In 2023 10th International Conference on Electrical Engineering, Computer Science and Informatics (EECSI). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eecsi59885.2023.10295731.
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Heryadi, Yaya, and Raymond Kosala. "A Preliminary Study on Perceived Benefit of MDT Implementation at Blue Bird Taxi." In 2010 Second International Conference on Advances in Computing, Control and Telecommunication Technologies (ACT). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/act.2010.55.
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TSYBENKO, V. A. "THE LINGUO-DIDACTIC POTENTIAL OF FRENCH MEMES." In СЛОВО, ВЫСКАЗЫВАНИЕ, ТЕКСТ В КОГНИТИВНОМ, ПРАГМАТИЧЕСКОМ И КУЛЬТУРОЛОГИЧЕСКОМ АСПЕКТАХ. Chelyabinsk State University Publishing House, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.47475/9785727119631_544.
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The article focuses on the key characteristics of an Internet meme and evaluates its potential application as a tool for developing school students’ linguistic and communicative competence. The author investigates scientific researches on Internet technology and methodology of foreign language teaching, and, thus, the author views Internet memes as a form of polycode text that contributes to the development of readers’ functional literacy. TThe study proves that the use of internet memes, both during lessons and within independent and project work, facilitates a more effective development of foreign language communication skills and the improvement of communicative competence, as well as increases motivation for foreign language learning, when proper methodological organisation of student activities is implemented. Additionally, the article provides sample tasks that serve as examples of usage of Internet memes based on the content of the 9th grade textbook, “L’oiseau bleu” (The Blue Bird), which can serve as supplementary resources when working with the textbook.
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Islam, Md Shafiqul, and Mehmet Arik. "Thermal and Optical Analysis of a Light Engine With Multi Color and Ultraviolet Light Emitting Diodes." In ASME 2024 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2024-144994.
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Abstract Light Emitting diodes have been of interest for general lighting applications over the last two decades due to energy savings, color quality and long lifetime. Moreover, due to unique features such as multi color and compactness, human centric lighting and agricultural applications started being more popular than ever. In this study, thermal and optical analysis have been performed computationally with a view to developing a multi color LED light engine. The incorporation of ultraviolet (UV) LED chips makes it unique in many ways. For the application, the primary focus of this light engine is agricultural applications, especially animal or bird lighting. Hence, a mixture of red (R). green (G), blue (B), white (W) LED chips along with UV chips are required for providing a wide range of spectrum and to prevent or control diseases in some cases. Thermal investigation shows that the chip spacing affects the junction temperature of the LED package, and 1 mm wider chip spacing can reduce the temperature by 0.65% based on numerical models. Another model consisting of hexagonal chips shows higher performance. The reduction of junction temperature for this honeycomb approach is around 1.5% for 1 mm wider spacing. The diameter of the board also affects the maximum junction temperature and results showed that a 40 mm board can reduce temperature by 0.35% compared to a 35 mm board. Apart from thermal analysis, optical investigation has also been carried out. Since the current model is a miniature LED light engine, a detector of smaller area can capture the optical properties better than a large detector. A 10 ft × 10 ft plane provides better incoherent illuminance than larger detectors in this study. The value of luminance in angle space is also found to be larger for the smaller detector. From Speos simulation, 1931 CIE color coordinates have been obtained for R, G, B and RGBW LED chip combinations.
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Abdul Halim, Mohamed Izzharif, Norashikin Saim, Rozita Osman, Halila Jasmani, and Nur Syafinaz Abdul Aziz. "Multivariate chemometric discrimination of blue gel-pen inks by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy: Diskriminasi kimometrik statistik terhadap pen gel dakwat biru dengan spektroskopi sinar merah." In 2013 IEEE Symposium on Computers & Informatics (ISCI). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isci.2013.6612410.
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Masci, P. P., A. N. Whitaker, J. J. Morrison, and E. A. Bennett. "PURIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF THE PROCOAGULANT OF THE VENOM OF TROPIDECHIS CARINATUS." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644322.
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Tropidechis carinatus is a venomous elapid snake distributed throughout Eastern Queensland. It has been considered as a tropical relative of Notechis scutatus and, similarly, the crude venom contains an indirect prothrombin activator, which will clot plasma provided that Factor V is present. Myotoxins and neurotoxins are also present. Envenomated patients regularly develop disseminated intravascular coagulation. The crude whole venom of T.carinatus was shown to have five major components by gel filtration, SDS PAGE and HPLC, and even more components by isoelectric focusing. The procoagulant eluted with a molecular weight of 55,000, being found in peak II on gel filtration on Sephadex-G150. The procoagulant was purified using a combination of Sephadex-G150 chromatography and ion-exchange on DEAE Sephadex-A50 and shown to migrate as a single band of molecular weight 55.000 by SDS PAGE. On reduction by β -mercaptoethanol this component was resolvec into u heavy chain of molecular weight 30.000 and a light chain of 25,000. The procoagulant was shown to bind to con A-Sepharose 4B and Blue Sepharose 4B. Coagulation studies using this purified procoagulant confirmed a factor Xa-like activity activating prothrombin in the presence of factor V. The purified fraction is unstable in buffer solutions at 4°C, probably because of trypsin - like autodigestion. Ouchterlony studies of the procoagulants of T.carinatus and N.scutatus show both lines of homogeneity and spurring, indicating similarities but also significant differences between the two proteins. The purified procoagulant was lethal to adult rats, an IV injection of 10 μg killing in 1 - 2 minutes. Death was prevented by prior heparinization, suggesting that the procoagulant is toxic in the absence of neurotoxin and other components.
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DA SILVA CAMARGO, DANIELA, and MIRIAN SILIANE BATISTA DE SOUZA. "HISTEROCELE INGUINAL EM CADELA COM PIOMETRA- RELATO DE CASO." In Congresso Online Acadêmico de Medicina Veterinária. Congresse.me, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54265/inrm1059.
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1 INTRODUÇÃO A histerocele inguinal é uma afecção caracterizada pela protrusão do útero pelo canal inguinal sem ruptura do peritônio. Pode ser classificada como, histerocele inguinal, umbilical, diafragmática, podendo estar relacionado a gestação ou piometra sendo pouco frequente na espécie canina. Apresenta como fator predisponente o aumento da pressão intra-abdominal, acompanhado pelo enfraquecimento das estruturas do contorno adjacentes; associado ao desequilíbrio hormonal que enfraquece o tecido conjuntivo, alargando os anéis inguinais. 2 OBJETIVO O presente trabalho tem como objetivo relatar um caso de histerocele inguinal associada a piometra em um cão. 3 RELATO DE CASO Descreve um caso de histerocele inguinal em uma cadela com piometra, da raça Blue Heller, 5 anos, pesando 23kg. Animal foi atendido com queixas de apatia, anorexia e êmese. Ao exame físico, o animal apresentava apatia, desidratação 6% distensão abdominal com aumento de volume inguinal esquerdo. Foi realizado exames hematológicos que apresentou leucocitose 18.000 com desvio a esquerda de 5% e bioquímicos sem alterações. Na ultrassonografia abdominal foi evidenciado piometra com grave dilatação uterina comprimindo demais órgãos abdominais; hérnia inguinal esquerda com segmento uterino herniado; alterações renais compatíveis com insuficiência renal aguda. O animal foi então encaminhado para cirurgia. Como medicação préanestésica, foi utilizado a metadona na dose de 0,3mg/Kg, indução com cetamina 0,1mg/Kg e propofol 3mg/kg e manutenção anestésica com isofluorano. Realizado celiotomia mediana, visualizado grande aumento de volume uterino, corno esquerdo encarcerado na hérnia inguinal. Iniciado procedimento pela ovariohisterectomia (OH) no corno uterino direito com transfixação de pedículos ovarianos e coto uterino com fio nailon 2-0. Removido saco herniário e ampliado o anel inguinal para conseguir passar a parte do corno esquerdo que estava encarcerado, ordenhado conteúdo uterino em direção a parte do corno que estava na cavidade abdominal, para permitir a passagem do restante do útero pelo anel. Após finalização da OH, realizado herniorrafia inguinal utilizado nailon 2-0, sutura padrão Sultan na musculatura, subcutâneo com intradérmica, ambos com nailon 2-0 e pele sutura simples separado com fio nailon 3.0. Lavado a cavidade abdominal com solução NaCl 0,9% estéril aquecida. Após, foi realizado a celiorrafia (musculatura padrão Sultan com nailon 0, intradérmico nailon 2-0 e pele nailon 3-0.) 4 DISCUSSÃO Após procedimento cirúrgico animal foi encaminhado para internamento sendo instituído tratamento com fluidoterapia intravenosa com ringer com lactato 5ml/kg/h enrofloxacino 10mg/Kg SID, omeprazol 1mg/Kg SID, ondansetrona 0,5 mg/Kg BID, dipirona 25mg/Kg TID, cloridrato de tramadol 4mg/kg TID, dando continuidade com mesmas medicações em casa. Animal retornou em dez dias para retirada dos pontos e apresentava boa recuperação e ausência de sinais clínicos, recebendo alta médica. 5 CONCLUSÃO Conclui-se que a conduta clinicocirúrgica foi efetiva para recuperação do paciente. Enfatiza que se torna se suma importância ter conhecimento sobre à afecção, mesmo sendo de rara ocorrência, para assim encaminhar para conduta correta e sempre orientar tutores sobre a OH preventiva. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: hérnia inguinal, infecção, útero, cão
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Denton, Mark S., and Mercouri G. Kanatzidis. "Innovative Highly Selective Removal of Cesium and Strontium Utilizing a Newly Developed Class of Inorganic Ion Specific Media." In ASME 2009 12th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2009-16221.
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Highly selective removal of Cesium and Strontium is critical for waste treatment and environmental remediation. Cesium-137 is a beta-gamma emitter and Strontium-90 is a beta emitter with respective half-lives of 30 and 29 years. Both elements are present at many nuclear sites. Cesium and Strontium can be found in wastewaters at Washington State’s Hanford Site, as well as in wastestreams of many Magnox reactor sites. Cesium and Strontium are found in the Reactor Coolant System of light water reactors at nuclear power plants. Both elements are also found in spent nuclear fuel and in high-level waste (HLW) at DOE sites. Cesium and Strontium are further major contributors to the activity and the heat load. Therefore, technologies to extract Cesium and Strontium are critical for environmental remediation waste treatment and dose minimization. Radionuclides such as Cesium-137 and Strontium-90 are key drivers of liquid waste classification at light water reactors and within the DOE tank farm complexes. The treatment, storage, and disposal of these wastes represents a major cost for nuclear power plant operators, and comprises one of the most challenging technology-driven projects for the DOE Environmental Management (EM) program. Extraction technologies to remove Cesium and Strontium have been an active field of research. Four notable extraction technologies have been developed so far for HLW: solvent extraction, prussian blue, crystalline silicotitanate (CST) and organic ion-exchangers (e.g., resorcinol formaldehyde and SuperLig). The use of one technology over another depends on the specific application. For example, the waste treatment plant (WTP) at Hanford is planning on using a highly-selective organic ion-exchange resin to remove Cesium and Strontium. Such organic ion-exchangers use molecular recognition to selectively bind to Cesium and Strontium. However, these organic ion-exchangers are synthesized using multi-step organic synthesis. The associated cost to synthesize organic ion-exchangers is prohibitive and seriously limits the scope of applications for organic ion-exchangers. Further issues include resin swelling, potential hydrogen generation and precluding final disposal by vitrification without further issues. An alternative to these issues of organic ion-exchangers is emerging. Inorganic ion-exchangers offer a superior chemical, thermal and radiation stability which is simply not achievable with organic compounds. They can be used to remove both Cesium as well as Strontium with a high level of selectivity under a broad pH range. Inorganic ion-exchangers can operate at acidic pH where protons inhibit ion exchange in alternative technologies such as CST. They can also be used at high pH which is typically found in conditions present in many nuclear waste types. For example, inorganic ion-exchangers have shown significant Strontium uptake from pH 1.9 to 14. In contrast to organic ion-exchangers, inorganic ion-exchangers are not synthesized via complex multi-step organic synthesis. Therefore, inorganic ion-exchangers are substantially more cost-effective when compared to organic ion-exchangers as well as CST. Selective removal of specified isotopes through ion exchange is a common and proven treatment method for liquid waste, yet various aspects of existing technologies leave room for improvement with respect to both cost and effectiveness. We demonstrate a novel class of inorganic ion-exchangers for the selective removal of cesium and strontium (with future work planned for uranium removal), the first of a growing family of patent-pending, potentially elutable, and paramagnetic ion-exchange materials [1]. These highly selective inorganic ion-exchangers display strong chemical, thermal and radiation stability, and can be readily synthesized from low-cost materials, making them a promising alternative to organic ion-exchange resins and crystalline silicotitanate (CST). By nature, these inorganic media lend themselves more readily to volume reduction (VR) by vitrification without the issues faced with organic resins. In fact, with a simple melting of the KMS-1 media at 650–670 deg. C (i.e., well below the volatilization temperature of Cs, Sr, Mn, Fe, Sb, etc.), a VR of 4:1 was achieved. With true pyrolysis at higher temperatures or by vitrification, this VR would be much higher. The introduction of this new family of highly specific ion-exchange agents has potential to both reduce the cost of waste processing, and enable improved waste-classification management in both nuclear power plants (for the separation of Class A from B/C wastes) and DOE tank farms [for the separation of low level waste (LLW) from high level waste (HLW)]. In conclusion, we demonstrate for the first time a novel inorganic ion-exchanger for the selective removal of Cesium and Strontium. These inorganic ion-exchangers are chemical, thermal and radiation stable. These inorganic ion-exchangers can be synthesized in a cost-effective way which makes them significantly more effective than organic ion-exchange resin and CST. Finally, new thermal options are afforded for their final volume reduction, storage and disposal.
Reports on the topic "The blue bird"
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Dettling, Mark, Diana Humple, Michael Mahoney, Mark Dettling, Diana Humple, and Michael Mahoney. Riparian landbird monitoring in Golden Gate National Recreation Area and Point Reyes National Seashore: Progress report for 2021?2023. National Park Service, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2305750.
Full textAbstract:
Point Blue Conservation Science (hereafter Point Blue) conducted landbird monitoring from 16 August 2021 through 15 August 2023 in predominantly riparian habitat found in Point Reyes National Seashore and Golden Gate National Recreation Area. This monitoring was on behalf of the National Park Service?s (NPS) Inventory and Monitoring (I&M) Program. Progress reports, like this one, are intended to document the survey efforts and to provide a basic summary of the data collected. This progress report deviates slightly from the structure of previous progress reports by summarizing two years of data collection instead of one, as outlined in the protocol. The NPS provided additional funding to Point Blue for mist netting and point count surveys in fall 2021 through summer 2022 to complement the standard point count surveys called for by the program protocol. As a consequence, data from the entire fall 2021 through summer 2023 time frame are fully summarized in this report. Point Blue staff conducted monitoring at 15 study sites within the parks using one or both of two methods: point counts and constant-effort mist netting. We report on point count surveys that were conducted during the peak landbird breeding season (May?June) of 2022 and 2023 and mist netting (and associated bird banding) that was conducted in fall 2021 through summer 2023. Staff conduct monitoring at the entire suite of point count sites every third year, which was the 2023 breeding season. Additionally, staff conduct monitoring annually at a subset of core sites (mist netting and point counts) as part of Point Blue?s Palomarin Field Station network of intensive monitoring sites and as a complement to the I&M Program. Staff conducted surveys in fall 2021 through summer 2022 only at these core sites. Of the 126 bird species detected between fall 2021 and summer 2023, 32 are California Partners in Flight Focal Species (CalPIF 2000, CalPIF 2002a, CalPIF 2002b, CalPIF 2004, CalPIF 2009, RHJV 2004), six are California Bird Species of Special Concern (Shuford and Gardali 2008), and one is listed as Threatened by the State of California (CNDDB 2023). Public outreach, via in-person and virtual demonstrations, is an important component of Point Blue?s mist-netting programs. As we navigated reopening to public visitation following COVID-19 restrictions, over 700 members of the public viewed mist netting in person at the study sites as part of organized groups during this two-year period.
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Peitz, David, Tani Hubbard, David Peitz, and Tani Hubbard. Bird community monitoring at Tallgrass Prairie National Preserve, Kansas: Status report 2001?2023. National Park Service, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2306460.
Full textAbstract:
In 2001, the Heartland Inventory and Monitoring Network (Heartland Network) initiated breeding bird surveys on Tallgrass Prairie National Preserve, Kansas, to assess the ecological integrity of the park habitat. Birds are an important component of ecosystems and can serve as valuable indicators of habitat change. In the 23 years of bird surveys at Tallgrass Prairie National Preserve (2001 to 2023, excluding 2003), there were 2,599 plot visits. A total of 146 different bird species were detected, 104 of which have the potential to breed within the park. These 104 species represent approximately 87% of the total species one would reasonably expect to have breeding populations on Tallgrass Prairie National Preserve. Fourteen breeding species and five other species are considered species of conservation concern for the Eastern Tallgrass Prairie Bird Conservation Region where the park is located. Nine breeding species and four migrant species on Tallgrass Prairie National Preserve are grassland obligates. Twenty-one bird species in upland tallgrass prairie habitat and 16 bird species in riparian habitat were recorded in sufficient numbers to estimate annual abundances and population trends. The populations of three upland species (Dickcissel [Spiza americana], Mourning Dove [Zenaida macroura], and Northern Bobwhite [Colinus virginianus]) and three riparian species (Blue-gray Gnatcatcher [Polioptila caerulea], Northern Cardinal [Cardinalis cardinalis], and Tufted Titmouse [Baeolophus bicolor]) increased significantly since 2001, the year when monitoring began. Killdeer (Charadrius vociferus), Red-winged Blackbird (Agelaius phoeniceus), and Upland Sandpiper (Bartramia longicauda) populations declined significantly in the upland habitat. All other species in both habitats had stable or uncertain population trends. A comparison of population trends on Tallgrass Prairie National Preserve with trends for the Eastern Tallgrass Prairie Bird Conservation Region suggests that the bird community at the park is faring similarly to that of the region. One notable exception is the Northern Bobwhite, which is faring significantly better on the park than in the region. Stable park populations of Brown-headed Cowbird (Molothrus ater) and Grasshopper Sparrow (Ammodramus savannarum) also differ, but not significantly, from the region where populations are in decline.
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McNeil, Jimmy D. A Survey-Level Report of the Birds Point-New Madrid Floodway Riverside Access Lanes, Near the Tom Bird Blue Hole and Outlet Crevasse 2, New Madrid and Mississippi Counties, Missouri. Defense Technical Information Center, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada264680.
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Peitz, David. Bird community monitoring at Pea Ridge National Military Park, Arkansas: Status report 2008–2021. Edited by Tani Hubbard. National Park Service, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2294263.
Full textAbstract:
Breeding bird surveys were initiated on Pea Ridge National Military Park, Arkansas in 2008 to assess temporal changes in the species composition and abundance of birds on the park. These data also improve our understanding of relationships between breeding birds and their habitat and the effects of management actions, such as invasive plant species control and tree thinning, on bird populations. Birds were sampled using point counts with 99 variable circular plots located on a systematic grid of 400 x 400-m cells (originating from a random start point). All birds seen or heard on a plot during a 5-minute sampling period were recorded. We surveyed for breeding birds in eight of the last 14 years on as many of the 99 variable circular plots as possible each year, resulting in 592 cumulative plot visits. Surveys have yielded records for 111 different species of birds. Ninety-three of the species recorded are classified as permanent or summer residents to the area, 11 as winter residents to the area, six as transients in the area, and one as a migrant through the area. Nine breeding species recorded are considered species of conservation concern for the Central Hardwoods Bird Conservation Region, the bird conservation region Pea Ridge National Military Park is located within. Of the 93 breeding species recorded, 4 species occurred in grassland and 11 in woodland habitats in numbers large enough to calculate annual abundances with some degree of confidence. However, only the Blue-gray Gnatcatcher (Polioptila caerulea), Eastern Wood-pewee (Contopus virens), Red-eyed Vireo (Vireo olivaceus), and Tufted Titmouse (Baeolophus bicolor) in woodland habitats demonstrated any trends (moderate to strong increases) in abundance. Trends in abundance were classified as uncertain for the rest of the species in both grassland and woodland habitats, which means that no significant increases or decreases occurred, but it is not certain that trends were < 5% per year. Comparisons of population trends on the park with regional trends for the Central Hardwoods Bird Conservation Region suggest that the bird community at Pea Ridge National Military Park is faring similarly to or slightly better than that of the region as a whole. Stable diversity, richness, and evenness values suggest that the park’s habitat has remained consistent in its ability to meet the requirements of many of the park’s breeding bird species. Any increase or decline in species richness could reflect habitat management practices but could also reflect the influences of larger-scale factors such as weather or climatic conditions on vegetation. Therefore, continued monitoring of birds and their habitats on Pea Ridge National Military Park as management and climatic conditions change is essential for park management. - -
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Muxo, Robert, Kevin Whelan, Raul Urgelles, Joaquin Alonso, Judd Patterson, and Andrea Atkinson. Biscayne National Park colonial nesting birds monitoring protocol—Version 1.1. National Park Service, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2290141.
Full textAbstract:
Breeding colonies of wading birds (orders Ciconiiformes, Pelecaniformes) and seabirds (orders Suliformes, Pelecaniformes) serve as important indicators of aquatic ecosystem health, as they respond to changes in food abundance and quality, contaminants, invasive species, and disturbance. The Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan, Restoration Coordination & Verification program (CERP-RECOVER) has identified wading-bird colonies as an important ecosystem restoration indicator. The National Park Service South Florida/Caribbean Inventory & Monitoring Network (SFCN) ranked colonial nesting birds eighth out of 44 vital signs of park natural resource conditions for ecological significance and feasibility. However, while large-scale monitoring efforts are occurring in the rest of the Greater Everglades Ecosystem, only minimal historic data collection and no extensive ongoing monitoring of wading bird and seabird nesting have occurred in Biscayne National Park. Consequently, due to their high importance as biological indicators and because they are a gap occurring in regional monitoring efforts, the network has initiated a monitoring program of colonial nesting birds in Biscayne National Park. This protocol provides the rationale, approach, and detailed Standard Operating Procedures for annual colonial bird monitoring within and close to Biscayne National Park and conforms to the Oakley et al. (2003) guidelines for National Park Service long-term monitoring protocols. The specific objectives of this monitoring program are to determine status and long-term trends in: Numbers and locations of active colonies of colonial nesting birds with a special focus on Double-crested Cormorants, Great Egrets, Great White Herons, Great Blue Herons, White Ibises, and Roseate Spoonbills. Annual peak active nest counts of colonial nesting birds in Biscayne National Park with a special focus on the species mentioned above. An annual nesting index (i.e., sum of monthly nest counts) with a special focus on the species mentioned above. Timing of peak nest counts for the focal species.
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Kurimo-Beechuk, Elizabeth, Michael Byrne, and Wendy Wright. Landbird community monitoring at Fort Sumter National Monument: 2012 data summary. National Park Service, Natural Resource Stewardship and Science, 2016. https://doi.org/10.36967/2228028.
Full textAbstract:
Birds are an important component of park ecosystems. Due to their high body temperature, rapid metabolism, and high ecological position in most food webs, birds are also good indicators of the effects of local and regional ecosystem changes. Patterns in the community composition, distribution, and occurrence of breeding birds provide a metric for assessing ecological integrity and sustainability in southeastern U.S. ecosystems. Further, trends in these attributes in relation to activities occurring at Fort Sumter National Monument (e.g., management actions, natural disturbance, invasive-species treatment) will improve our understanding of the effects of various management actions and other stressors on the condition of monument resources. This report summarizes data collected during implementation of the SECN landbird community monitoring protocol (Byrne et al. 2014) at Fort Sumter National Monument in 2012. 1. Automated recording devices collected bird detection/ non-detection data from four spatially balanced random locations within the monument. 2. Approximately 80 minutes of recordings were collected in May and June, to represent a closed population, and were evaluated to detect the presence of vocalizing birds. 3. Thirty-three species of birds were detected during the sampling effort. 4. Carolina wren, house finch, and northern cardinal were the most frequently occurring and widely distributed species (i.e., occurring at all sampling locations). Blue jay, brown thrasher, Carolina chickadee, chimney swift, fish crow, mourning dove, northern mockingbird, purple martin, and red-winged blackbird were also widely distributed across the monument, occurring at 75% of all sampling locations. 5. Two non-native species, house finch and house sparrow, were detected during the sampling effort. 6. Blue-gray gnatcatcher, great crested flycatcher, and orchard oriole represent new detections and will be added to the monument species list. 7. The full dataset, and associated metadata, can be acquired from the NPS data store at the Integrated Resource Management Applications portal (https://irma. nps.gov/App/Portal/Home).
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DeSaix, Matthew. Bird community monitoring at New River Gorge National River, Gauley River National Recreation Area, and Bluestone National Scenic River, 1997 - 2018. National Park Service, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2289846.
Full textAbstract:
Birds are prominent features of National Park Service lands and are effective indicators for monitoring ecosystem health. Assessing the temporal change of avian species abundance depends on long-term monitoring of bird communities and trends, however long-term monitoring programs are generally uncommon. In this report, we summarize 22 years (1997-2018) of point count data across five sites on West Virginia National Park Service lands (three in New River Gorge National River, one in Gauley River National Recreation Area, and one in Bluestone National Scenic River) and compare these results to our analysis of Breeding Bird Survey data for the same time period across all of West Virginia. The objectives of this analysis are two-fold: 1) describe the biotic integrity of the National Park Service lands in West Virginia and 2) Quantify trends in guilds and species abundance. During the 20-year period of this survey, 85 breeding resident species were detected. The West Virginia National Park Service lands are home to stable populations of Wood Thrush and Yellow-billed Cuckoo, both species of continental concern by Partners in Flight. Seven species have declined precipitously on NPS lands during this time period. Three of these species are also experiencing declines across the rest of West Virginia (Blue-gray Gnatcatcher, Carolina Chickadee, Kentucky Warbler), but the other 4 species are stable across West Virginia (Acadian Flycatcher, Black-throated Green Warbler, Northern Parula, Swainson’s Warbler). Four species that are declining across West Virginia (Great Crested Flycatcher, Indigo Bunting, Red-eyed Vireo, and Worm-eating Warbler) are stable on southern West Virginia NPS lands. Additionally, the upper-canopy foraging guild of species has decreased significantly on NPS lands in southern West Virginia. An analysis of community biotic integrity revealed that the southern West Virginia NPS lands have been stable at a rating of high biotic integrity every year for the duration of this survey. Future research should delve into the underlying factors that may be driving the trends in abundance at different scales.
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Kurimo-Beechuk, Elizabeth, Michael Byrne, and Wendy Wright. Landbird community monitoring at Cumberland Island National Seashore: 2012 data summary. National Park Service, Natural Resource Stewardship and Science, 2016. https://doi.org/10.36967/2228030.
Full textAbstract:
Birds are an important component of park ecosystems. Due to their high body temperature, rapid metabolism, and high ecological position in most food webs, birds are also good indicators of the effects of local and regional ecosystem changes. Patterns in the community composition, distribution, and occurrence of breeding birds provide a metric for assessing ecological integrity and sustainability in southeastern U. S. ecosystems. Further, trends in these attributes in relation to activities occurring at Cumberland Island National Seashore (e.g., management actions, natural disturbance, invasive-species treatment) will improve our understanding of the effects of various management actions and other stressors on the condition of seashore resources. This report summarizes data collected during implementation of the SECN landbird community monitoring protocol (Byrne et al. 2014) at Cumberland Island National Seashore in 2012. 1. Automated recording devices collected bird detection/ non-detection data (i.e., presence/absence) from 30 out of 31 spatially balanced random locations at the seashore. 2. Approximately 1,700 minutes of recordings were collected May–June, to represent a closed population, and were evaluated to detect the presence of vocalizing birds. 3. Fifty-five species of birds were detected during the sampling effort. 4. Northern cardinal, Carolina wren, white-eyed vireo, blue-gray gnatcatcher, northern parula, and tufted titmouse were the most frequently occurring and widely distributed species (i.e., occurring at 90% or more of all sampling locations). Yellow-throated warbler, redbellied woodpecker, and summer tanager were also widely distributed across the seashore, occurring at 80% or more of all sampling locations. 5. One non-native species, house finch, was detected during the sampling effort. 6. The full dataset, and associated metadata, can be acquired from the NPS data store at the Integrated Resource Management Applications portal (https:// irma.nps.gov/App/Portal/Home).
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Muxo, Robert, Kevin Whelan, Robert Muxo, and Kevin Whelan. Colonial nesting birds in Biscayne National Park: 2021?2022 nesting year summary. National Park Service, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2304740.
Full textAbstract:
The habitats within Biscayne National Park consist of rocky coast lines, Biscayne Bay (a shallow water bay), over 40 mangrove islands, and coral reefs. This ecosystem lies near the large metropolitan area of Miami, suburban development, a nuclear power plant, and has several canals that drain from the mainland into Biscayne National Park or close to park boundaries. As a result of the park?s proximity to a large population, it endures heavy usage. The park is a popular destination for anglers and boaters. All the aforementioned factors put stressors on the park ecosystem. The South Florida/Caribbean Network has developed a long-term monitoring program that focuses on the colonial nesting birds that use park resources for foraging, roosting, and nesting. The South Florida/Caribbean Network uses monthly helicopter flights to survey nine nesting colonies in or near the park. The nine colonies monitored are: Kings Road, Mangrove Key, West Arsenicker Key, Arsenicker Key, Jones Lagoon, Ragged Key 4, Ragged Key 5, Soldier Key, and Kings Bay. We focus on six species of birds: double-crested cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus), great egrets (Ardea alba), great white herons (Ardea herodias occidentalis), great blue herons (Ardea herodias), white ibises (Eudocimus albus), and roseate spoonbills (Platalea ajaja). Data collection for this vital sign began in 2009. This report presents data regarding peak nesting, nesting indices, species abundance, and the nine nesting colonies. No forecasts are presented from the data collected in this report. Peak nest counts for five of the six focal species were lower in 2021?2022 than 2020?2021, except for white ibis, which increased relative to the previous nesting season. For the fourth consecutive season, peak nest counts for double-crested cormorants remain under 1,000 nests. For the number of species actively nesting by colony, our data indicate that two colonies increased, four colonies decreased, and three colonies remained the same relative to the previous nesting season. At least one of the focal species nested at all nine colonies, which has been consistent since the start of surveys.
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Christopher, David A., and Avihai Danon. Plant Adaptation to Light Stress: Genetic Regulatory Mechanisms. United States Department of Agriculture, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2004.7586534.bard.
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Original Objectives: 1. Purify and biochemically characterize RB60 orthologs in higher plant chloroplasts; 2. Clone the gene(s) encoding plant RB60 orthologs and determine their structure and expression; 3. Manipulate the expression of RB60; 4. Assay the effects of altered RB60 expression on thylakoid biogenesis and photosynthetic function in plants exposed to different light conditions. In addition, we also examined the gene structure and expression of RB60 orthologs in the non-vascular plant, Physcomitrella patens and cloned the poly(A)-binding protein orthologue (43 kDa RB47-like protein). This protein is believed to a partner that interacts with RB60 to bind to the psbA5' UTR. Thus, to obtain a comprehensive view of RB60 function requires analysis of its biochemical partners such as RB43. Background & Achievements: High levels of sunlight reduce photosynthesis in plants by damaging the photo system II reaction center (PSII) subunits, such as D1 (encoded by the chloroplast tpsbAgene). When the rate of D1 synthesis is less than the rate of photo damage, photo inhibition occurs and plant growth is decreased. Plants use light-activated translation and enhanced psbAmRNA stability to maintain D1 synthesis and replace the photo damaged 01. Despite the importance to photosynthetic capacity, these mechanisms are poorly understood in plants. One intriguing model derived from the algal chloroplast system, Chlamydomonas, implicates the role of three proteins (RB60, RB47, RB38) that bind to the psbAmRNA 5' untranslated leader (5' UTR) in the light to activate translation or enhance mRNA stability. RB60 is the key enzyme, protein D1sulfide isomerase (Pill), that regulates the psbA-RN :Binding proteins (RB's) by way of light-mediated redox potentials generated by the photosystems. However, proteins with these functions have not been described from higher plants. We provided compelling evidence for the existence of RB60, RB47 and RB38 orthologs in the vascular plant, Arabidopsis. Using gel mobility shift, Rnase protection and UV-crosslinking assays, we have shown that a dithiol redox mechanism which resembles a Pill (RB60) activity regulates the interaction of 43- and 30-kDa proteins with a thermolabile stem-loop in the 5' UTR of the psbAmRNA from Arabidopsis. We discovered, in Arabidopsis, the PD1 gene family consists of II members that differ in polypeptide length from 361 to 566 amino acids, presence of signal peptides, KDEL motifs, and the number and positions of thioredoxin domains. PD1's catalyze the reversible formation an disomerization of disulfide bonds necessary for the proper folding, assembly, activity, and secretion of numerous enzymes and structural proteins. PD1's have also evolved novel cellular redox functions, as single enzymes and as subunits of protein complexes in organelles. We provide evidence that at least one Pill is localized to the chloroplast. We have used PDI-specific polyclonal and monoclonal antisera to characterize the PD1 (55 kDa) in the chloroplast that is unevenly distributed between the stroma and pellet (containing membranes, DNA, polysomes, starch), being three-fold more abundant in the pellet phase. PD1-55 levels increase with light intensity and it assembles into a high molecular weight complex of ~230 kDa as determined on native blue gels. In vitro translation of all 11 different Pill's followed by microsomal membrane processing reactions were used to differentiate among PD1's localized in the endoplasmic reticulum or other organelles. These results will provide.1e insights into redox regulatory mechanisms involved in adaptation of the photosynthetic apparatus to light stress. Elucidating the genetic mechanisms and factors regulating chloroplast photosynthetic genes is important for developing strategies to improve photosynthetic efficiency, crop productivity and adaptation to high light environments.