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Brown, Nathan D. "Accelerating SEM Depth Map Building with the GPU." Cleveland, Ohio : Case Western Reserve University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1263503965.
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Thesis(M.S.)--Case Western Reserve University, 2010Title from PDF (viewed on 2010-04-12) Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS) Includes abstract Includes bibliographical references and appendices Available online via the OhioLINK ETD Center
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Ferreira, Bernardo Menezes Rodrigues. "Building automation with failure tolerance." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/23823.
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Mestrado em Engenharia de Computadores e TelemáticaEsta dissertação enquadra-se no projecto SmartLighting e tem como objectivo criar uma solução energeticamente eficiente para edifícios e espaços inteligentes. Numa primeira fase, esta dissertação apresenta uma revisão das soluções existentes de automação de edifícios e, posteriormente, propõe uma solução baseada em princípios da Internet das Coisas e sistemas de processamento complexo de eventos, capaz de criar um ambiente inteligente, autónomo e resiliente a falhas. O foco do trabalho está na criação de um software leve para ser colocado em dispositivos com pouca capacidade de processamento de modo a poderem, não só ser um meio para comunicação com dispositivos inteligentes, mas também habilitados para oferecer capacidades de processamento de eventos em casos de emergência.
This dissertation was was done within the scope of the SmartLighting project and aims to create an energy efficient solution for buildings and smart spaces. In a first phase, this dissertation presents a review of existing building automation solutions and later proposes a solution based on Internet of Things (IoT) principles and Complex Event Processing (CEP) systems, capable of creating a smart, autonomous and fail resilient environment. The focus of the work is on creating a lightweight software to be placed on devices with low processing capacity so that they can not only be a means of communicating with intelligent devices but also enabled to provide event processing capabilities in cases of emergency.
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Paula, Paulo Roberto Freire de. "Utilização dos resíduos da construção civil na produção de blocos de argamassa sem função estrutural." Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, 2010. http://www.unicap.br/tede//tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=677.
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Diante da iminente escassez de recursos naturais disponíveis e dos problemas ambientais decorrentes das inadequadas deposições irregulares de resíduos nos centros urbanos, o
presente trabalho busca analisar as características físicas de blocos e agregados de resíduos de construção e demolição RCD proveniente da indústria da construção e demolição do
município de Petrolina-PE. A construção civil como qualquer outro setor produtivo é gerador de resíduos devido aos
desperdícios e à demolição após o uso ou catástrofes. Uma das aplicações para o resíduo é como agregado alternativo, em substituição total ou parcial ao natural, usados para a produção de blocos. O emprego desses resíduos como agregados para argamassas e concretos não
estruturais tem bastantes estudos difundidos na literatura brasileira e no mundo inteiro. Neste trabalho, é analisada a viabilidade na confecção de blocos com uso de agregados miúdos reciclados para uso em alvenaria de vedação e o desempenho do mesmo diante de blocos com agregados naturais, confeccionados no município de Petrolina-PE, utilizando-se um traço padrão 1:6 (cimento: agregado miúdo). Os resultados indicaram que a substituição de 25; 50;
75; e 100% da areia natural por agregados miúdos reciclados não afeta significativamente as propriedades mecânicas dos blocos, cujos valores de resistência chegaram a 3,67 MPa, 2,63 MPa, 2,44 MPa e 2,03 MPa respectivamente . Por outro lado, essa substituição apresenta elevada porosidade, requerendo estudos mais aprofundados com o intuito de minimizar esse efeito para que se possa obter uma maior durabilidade das edificações construídas com essa
composiçãoGiven the imminent shortage of available natural resources and environmental problems arising from inadequate irregular deposition of waste in urban centers, this paper seeks to analyze the physical characteristics of blocks and aggregates, construction waste and demolition RCD from industry of construction and demolition of municipality of Petrolina-PE. The construction as any other productive sector is to produce waste due to waste and the demolition after use or disasters. One application for the residue is added as an alternative to replace all or part of natural, used for the production of blocks. The use of waste as aggregates for mortar and concrete do not have enough structural studies disseminated in the Brazilian and worldwide. In this work, we analyzed the feasibility of making the blocks with the use of recycled fine aggregate for use in masonry sealing and performance in the face of blocks with natural aggregates, manufactured in the municipality of Petrolina, using a dash pattern 1: 6 (cement: aggregate kid). The results indicated that replacing 25; 50; 75; and 100% of natural sand by recycled fine aggregate did not significantly affect the mechanical properties of blocks, whose resistance values reached 3,67 MPa, 2,63 MPa, 2,44 MPa e 2,03 MPa respectively. On the other hand, such replacement presents high porosity, requiring more detailed studies in order to minimize this effect for which to obtain greater durability of buildings constructed with that composition
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Pacheco, Tathiana Cardoso. "Diagnóstico da gestão de resíduos na construção civil comparação de obras no Rio de Janeiro visando a certificação LEED e obras sem certificação." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2011. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=4056.
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A implantação de práticas de gestão ambiental nos canteiros de obras se tornou de fundamental importância para o setor da construção civil. Nas obras de edificação que visam obter a certificação LEED, são implementadas práticas que buscam a minimização e o reaproveitamento dos resíduos de construção civil, representando uma possibilidade de redução dos impactos ambientais produzidos pelo setor. Este trabalho apresenta um estudo comparativo sobre a geração de resíduos de quatro obras de edificações no município do Rio de Janeiro, sendo que duas delas implantaram práticas para obtenção da certificação LEED. Complementarmente, foi realizada uma pesquisa através de questionário com profissionais da construção civil buscando identificar a sua percepção sobre construções sustentáveis e gerenciamento de resíduos sólidos. Desconsiderando o solo de escavação, o entulho foi o resíduo mais gerado em todas as quatro obras, seguido pela sucata metálica, resíduos não recicláveis e madeira. A obra com certificação LEED apresentou o menor índice total de resíduos, 119,23 kg/m2, sendo este valor próximo às médias de países desenvolvidos.The implementation of environmental management practices at construction sites has become crucial for the construction industry. In the works aimed at building achieving LEED certification, are implemented practices that seek to minimize waste and reuse of construction, representing a possibility of reducing the environmental impacts produced by the sector. This paper presents a comparative study on the generation of waste from the works of four buildings in the city of Rio de Janeiro, two of which have implemented practices to obtain LEED certification. In addition, a survey was conducted through a questionnaire with construction professionals seeking to identify their understanding of sustainable buildings and solid waste management. Disregarding the soil excavation, dump the waste was generated over all four works, followed by scrap metal, wood and non-recyclable waste. The LEED-certified project presented the lowest total waste, 119.23 kg/m2, this value being close to the average of developed countries.
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Giuntini, Francesca. "Applications of sunspaces in building facades: energy performances and technical/economic feasibility." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017.
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La presente tesi è incentrata sullo studio della serra solare bioclimatica applicata a edifici esistenti.
Per serra solare bioclimatica si intende uno spazio tampone tra lo spazio riscaldato e l’esterno, che permetta in inverno di ridurre le dispersioni termiche ed aumentare i guadagni di energia solare, mentre in estate riduca l’apporto solare funzionando come una schermatura fissa.
L’obiettivo della tesi è duplice: la creazione di uno strumento di calcolo semplificato per valutare l’impatto della serra solare sul bilancio energetico di un edificio e l’ottimizzazione costi-benefici di vari interventi di ristrutturazione con addizione volumetrica in facciata, per valutarne la reale fattibilità tecnica ed economica.
È stato sviluppato un modello di calcolo semplificato, in collaborazione con RenEsco, a Riga (Lettonia), nell’ambito del progetto europeo ABRACADABRA (Assistant Building addition to Retrofit Adopt, Cure And Develop the Actual Building up to zeRo energy), basato sullo standard europeo EN ISO 13790.
Nella tesi è stato preso in esame un edificio di Bologna, che è stato poi inserito anche in altre quattro città italiane. Di tale edificio sono state studiate varie tipologie di rinnovamento con addizione volumetrica in facciata, nelle diverse condizioni climatiche. I calcoli sono stati effettuati mediante il modello di calcolo semplificato e il programma commerciale Edilclima, basato sulla normativa italiana UNI EN 11300 e sulla EN ISO 13790.
Infine è stata effettuata un’analisi dei costi dei singoli interventi per le varie città. Analizzando il rapporto costi-benefici in termini di anni di recupero si è notato che la serra solare è una soluzione adatta soprattutto nel Nord e Centro Italia, dove è predominante il fabbisogno di energia per riscaldamento, mentre la sua efficacia è minore nel Sud Italia, al crescere del fabbisogno per raffrescamento.
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Potgieter-Vermaak, SS, RHM Godoi, Grieken R. Van, JH Potgieter, M. Oujja, and M. Castillejo. "Micro-structural characterization of black crust and laser cleaning of building stones by micro-Raman and SEM techniques." Elsevier, 2005. http://encore.tut.ac.za/iii/cpro/DigitalItemViewPage.external?sp=1000992.
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Research concerning the formation and removal of black crusts on various historical objects is approached from many different angles. The
so-called “yellowing effect”, observed after laser treatment for cleaning purposes, has also received a lot of attention. Evidence regarding this
phenomenon differs considerably and the actual mechanisms are still speculated on by researchers. In an attempt to elucidate the processes
involved in the yellowing effect associated with laser cleaning, a new analytical technique has been used to investigate the black crust, a
region of the sample cleaned by laser irradiation at 1064 nm and another region of the same sample subjected to further laser irradiation at
355 nm, on a limestone sample from the cathedral of Seville in Spain. Micro-Raman spectrometry offers the advantage of spatial chemical
characterization of the stone, based upon its molecular makeup and was performed on the bulk body of the stone. Raman and scanning electron
microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (SEM/EDXS) results indicate that the surfaces cleaned by irradiation at 1064 nm and by
double irradiation at 1064 and 355 nm differed in terms of their calcium sulphate, calcium oxalate and iron oxide content, and that this could
contribute to the difference in colour observed.
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Montebeller, Sidney José. "Estudo sobre o emprego de dispositivos sem fios - wireless na automação do ar condicionado e de outros sistemas prediais." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3143/tde-19092006-172438/.
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Este trabalho apresenta um estudo de tecnologias de comunicação sem fio e suas aplicações na automação predial. A principal motivação para a elaboração deste trabalho é o uso crescente dessas tecnologias em diversas áreas, principalmente em sistemas de automação industrial, comercial, residencial e predial. O uso de equipamentos como telefones celulares e notebooks, que possuem canais de comunicação sem fio (Bluetooth, 802.11b/g WiFi, etc.), também contribuiu para o aumento do interesse na pesquisa de soluções usando redes sem fio. Inicialmente são apresentadas e estudadas, de forma comparativa, as tecnologias existentes de comunicação sem fio. Em seguida, são apresentados os principais sistemas que podem ser automatizados dentro de um edifício inteligente e também exemplos de aplicações de uso das tecnologias sem fio. A demonstração do uso de dispositivos sem fio foi feita a partir de um protótipo. Esse protótipo foi elaborado com o objetivo de substituir sensores de temperatura de um sistema de ar condicionado. O consumo das baterias e a relação custo-benefício do sistema foram os principais itens avaliados. Este estudo pretende demonstrar que dispositivos sem fio podem ser mais uma opção na automação de edifícios e residências, podendo servir como solução, em vários casos, para problemas de infra-estrutura e de integração dos sistemas de automação.This work presents a study of the wireless communication technologies and their applications to intelligent building automation systems. The main motivation for this work is the increasing use of wireless technologies in several areas, specifically industrial, commercial, residential and building automation. The use of equipments as cellular telephones and notebooks, provided by wireless communication channels (Bluetooth, 802.11b/g WiFi, etc.), has been contributing to the interest in the research of solutions related to this technology. Initially, the existent commercial technologies of some wireless communication systems are presented and studied, in a comparative way. The main systems that exist inside an automated intelligent building and examples of applications of the wireless technologies are presented. The use of wireless devices was depicted by means from a prototype, which was built up with the scope of substituting the sensor of temperature of an air conditioning system. The consumption of the batteries and the cost-benefit relationship of the system were the main items evaluated with the prototype. This study intends to demonstrate that wireless devices can be an interesting option for the automation of buildings and residences. In several cases, the use of these devices can be a solution for some of the infrastructure problems and for the integration of the automation systems.
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Alves, Gilvani [UNESP]. "O emprego de técnicas de qualidade de serviço em redes sem fio aplicado à automação predial." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/137898.
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O presente trabalho procede da pesquisa que investigou sobre a aplicação de técnicas de qualidade de serviços - QoS em redes sem fio, à rede principal do sistema de automação predial do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnológica – Campus Cuiabá Bela Vista. A finalidade proposta foi verificar a eficácia de uma rede sem fio no transporte de pacotes entre a central de controle e o sistema controlado, quando esta rede é compartilhada por fluxos de dados provenientes da comunidade acadêmica. Os serviços consumidos pelos usuários conectados à rede através de dispositivos móveis como tablets, smartphones e computadores portáteis, geram gargalos capazes de comprometer o sistema de automação predial, considerado um sistema crítico sensível ao tempo de entrega de pacotes. Os procedimentos metodológicos realizados buscam mitigar a latência dos pacotes provenientes dos processos gerenciados. Os resultados obtidos demonstram que é possível ampliar o número de unidades de controle atendidas, por intermédio de controles de admissão e definição de níveis de prioridades aos pacotes trafegados em um domínio de redes sem fio IEEE 802.11. A escolha do método DiffServ integrado ao algoritmo de escalonamento Hierarchical Token Bucket (HTB), permitiu classificar, medir, marcar e policiar os pacotes, o que possibilitou o tratamento e transmissão de pacote no núcleo da rede de modo fácil e eficiente. A taxa de erro de transmissão em situação de estresse na rede sem aplicação de políticas de QoS, quando comparada aos demais cenários são elevados, gerando travamento ou inoperabilidade. O uso dos métodos de QoS proporciona ao sistema maior confiabilidade mesmo em situações de anormalidade na rede. Esta pesquisa demonstra claramente que é possível utilizar um ambiente sem fio compartilhado com aplicações consumidoras de banda como rede principal de um sistema de automação predial, fator que possibilita aos proprietários de imóveis que não possuem infraestrutura de cabeamento estruturado implantar processos prediais automatizados.
This work comes from a research that investigated the implementation of quality service techniques - QoS on wireless networks, applied to the main network of the building automation system of the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology - Câmpus Cuiabá Bela Vista. The purpose was to verify wireless network effectiveness in the transport of packets between the control center and the controlled system, when this network is shared by data flows from the academic community. The services consumed by users connected to the network via devices such as tablets, smartphones and mobile computers, generate bottlenecks that can compromise the building automation system, considered a critical system sensitive to package delivery time. The methodological procedures performed seek to mitigate the latency of packets from the managed processes. The results obtained demonstrate that is possible to increase the number of control units served, by using intake controls and setting priority levels to the packets trafficked in a wireless networks domain IEEE 802.11.The choice of DiffServ method integrated to Hierarchical Token Bucket (HTB) scheduling algorithm, allowed to classify, measure, mark and police the packets, allowing an easily and efficiently packet processing and transmission in the core of the network. The transmission error rate under stress on the network without the application of QoS policies, compared to other scenarios, is high, generating crash or inoperability. The use of QoS methods provides more reliability to the system even under abnormal conditions in the network. This research clearly demonstrates that it is possible to use a shared wireless environment with band consumer applications as the core network of a building automation system, a factor that enables homeowners who do not have structured cabling infrastructure to deploy automated building processes.
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Fowler, Shaunda Lynn. "Clip reactions in standing seam roofs of metal buildings." Diss., Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2001. http://library.msstate.edu/etd/show.asp?etd=etd-07132001-151614.
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Seek, Michael Walter. "Prediction of Lateral Restraint Forces in Sloped Z-section Supported Roof Systems Using the Component Stiffness Method." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28357.
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Z-sections are widely used as secondary members in metal building roof systems. Lateral restraints are required to maintain the stability of a Z-section roof system and provide resistance to the lateral forces generated by the slope of the roof and the effects due to the rotation of the principal axes of the Z-section relative to the plane of the roof sheathing. The behavior of Z-sections in roof systems is complex as they act in conjunction with the roof sheathing as a system and as a light gage cold formed member, is subject to local cross section deformations.
The goal of this research program was to provide a means of predicting lateral restraint forces in Z-section supported roof systems. The research program began with laboratory tests to measure lateral restraint forces in single and multiple span sloped roof systems. A description of the test apparatus and procedure as well as the results of the 40 tests performed is provided in Appendix II.
To better understand the need for lateral restraints and to provide a means of testing different variables of the roof system, two types of finite element models were developed and are discussed in detail in appended Paper I. The first finite element model is simplified model that uses frame stiffness elements to represent the purlin and sheathing. This model has been used extensively by previous researchers and modifications were made to improve correlation with test results. The second model is more rigorous and uses shell finite elements to represent the Z-section and sheathing.
The shell finite element model was used to develop a calculation procedure referred to as the Component Stiffness Method for predicting the lateral restraint forces in Z-section roof systems. The method uses flexural and torsional mechanics to describe the behavior of the Z-section subject to uniform gravity loads. The forces generated by the system of Z-sections are resisted by the "components" of the system: the lateral restraints, the sheathing and Z-section-to-rafter connection. The mechanics of purlin behavior providing the basis for this method are discussed in appended Paper II. The development of the method and the application of the method to supports restraints and interior restraints are provided in appended papers III, IV and V.Ph. D.
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Hunt, Andrew Ryan. "a building within a building." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32951.
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It is my proposal that unused building shells of the past serve as cocoons for the future, providing the precedence from which grows "a building within a building". The tension created between old and new encourages a didactic relationship between building and city, cognizant of the past while looking towards the future.Master of Architecture
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Silva, Valdirene Maria. "Contribuição ao estudo da carbonatação em concretos e argamassas executados com e sem adição de sílica ativa." Universidade de São Paulo, 2002. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/88/88131/tde-11072017-152720/.
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O presente estudo refere-se a uma das deteriorações mais freqüentes nas estruturas de concreto armado: a ação da carbonatação. Para essa verificação construiu-se uma câmara de carbonatação acelerada, que foi calibrada, com a finalidade de estudar o processo de carbonatação em corpos-de-prova executados em concreto e argamassa com cimentos CP V ARI Plus e CP V ARI RS com e sem adição de sílica ativa, curados em câmara úmida por sete dias e posteriormente expostos à atmosfera agressiva de gás carbônico por 7, 14, 28, 63 e 91 dias. Também foram executados corpos-de-prova semelhantes (controle), os quais foram ensaiados à compressão axial e à compressão diametral para determinação da resistência à compressão, tração e medida da profundidade de carbonatação. A partir destes resultados é ajustado um modelo teórico experimental para previsão da profundidade de carbonatação em função do tempo. Observa-se que para todas as composições estudadas a profundidade de carbonatação é pequena. Analisa-se também, a influência da carbonatação no ganho da resistência mecânica das argamassas e dos concretos, e o efeito da adição de sílica ativa e do tipo de cimento no fenômeno de carbonatação. Finalizando, é apresentada uma justificativa dos resultados com base no banco de dados existente no LMABC-SET-EESC-USP.The present study refers to one of the most frequent deterioration in reinforced concrete structure: the action of carbonation. For this, an accelerated carbonation chamber was built and gauged in order to study the carbonation process in concrete and mortar specimens with CP V ARI Plus and CP V ARI RS cements, with and without silica fume addition. The specimens were cured in a humidity chamber for seven days and exposed to aggressive atmosphere of carbonic gas for 7, 14, 28, 63 and 91 days. Similar specimens of control were also manufactured and left in humidity chamber during the same periods. These specimens were tested an axial compression and splitting tensile strength to determine the compression and tensile strength and the carbonation depth. From all the obtained results an experimental theoretical model was forecasted to determine the depth carbonation in function of time. It is observed that all the depths carbonation measured is small. The carbonation influence on mechanical resistance gain of the mortar and concrete, as well as the effect addition of both of silica fume and cement type on the phenomenon of carbonation is also analyzed. Finally, it is presented a justification of results based on the existent database at LMABC-SET-EESC-USP.
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Abouseda, Hassan. "Building in Cairo, building over Cairo." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/79035.
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Thesis (M. Arch)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1987.MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ROTCH.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 41).
The section of the Medieval city of Cairo centered around Shari' AI Moe'iz which connects the Northern gate of Bab AI Futuh with the Southern gate Bab Zowayla, is now known as AI Gamaliya. From the time the city of Cairo was laid-out, in 969 A.D. to the arrival of European colonialism with the Napoleonic Campaign. AI Gamaliya has been the site for buildings that serve as superb examples of the formal beliefs. technical capabilities and social patterns of the respective eras that built them. For this project, I have elected to inhabit the now empty pockets that riddle this dense and seemingly homogeneous environment. in an effort to place an architecture of the late twentieth century among the historic struCtures of Shari' Al Moe'iz. Fundamental to this effort is a definition of a contemporary formal vocabulary that would be in harmony with those historic vocabularies which exist. Many of the elements of the various styles. From Fatimid to Mamluke, such as arches and vaults were a direct result of technical limitations, others such as the distinctive mashrabiya screens were an accommodation of social patterns, while the gilt inscription band carried from one building to the other down Shari' Al Moe'iz served as religious icon. The power of such elements lies in their historic integrity as direct expressions of climatic. technological and social conditions of their time. The mere replication of existing or historic formal vocabularies or the reorganization of such vocabularies in a pastiche of iconic elements to house current uses totally alien to them, does not adequately satisfy the conditions of our time. The issues involved are simultaneously simpler and more profound Climate remains a powerful factor but the availability of materials and technology offers opportunities until recently unknown. The cultural or behavioural patterns which simultaneously inspired and resulted from these historic struCtures prompts a recognition of formal, particularly dimensional concerns. and the exigencies of modem life, as mundane as vehicular access and parking on streets designed only for pedestrians, present an additional set of requirements to which we must respond. This thesis is an attempt to manifest an understanding of these conditions. as a result of observation, and, based on such understanding. to develop formal principles, which offer a transformation of the traditional as well as a reflection of the contemporary.
by Hassan Abouseda.
M.Arch
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Faleide, Ronald G. ""Building"." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/53210.
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I guess my concern is for building.
This thesis became a search for form. It did not start that way.
The start was a search for reasons, for methods, for a way. It was, however, the pursuit of an understanding of the essence of an object that proved the most rewarding. How l design has come from investigating WHAT I design.
The thesis has not left me with answers, but with questions. And what are those questions?
The thing:
The thing as OBJECT: it seems to boil down to - how is it made?
The thing as EVENT: it seems to boil down to - what is it like to be there?
The thing as DESIGNED: it seems to boil down to what do I want its nature to be? What will inform my forms?Master of Architecture
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Seavy, Ryan. "Building." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/50428.
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Building for concrete is temporary. The building of wood and steel stands against the concrete to give form and then gives way, leaving a trace of its existence behind.
Concrete is not a building material. One does not build with concrete.
One builds for concrete.Master of Architecture
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Mouton, Jacques P. "Drawing the building and building the drawing." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/45292.
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The way we build is inherently bound to methods implemented when representing any proposed intervention. Superficially, it would seem that the techniques used for representing architecture have rapidly progressed, especially with regard to the influence technology has on the depiction of architectural form in a graphically accessible manner. However, when critically examining the consequential products that arise from either method, it becomes evident that very little has been gained through employing these new methods of creation and depiction. Through accepting, wholeheartedly, drawing conventions adapted from generation to generation- combined with the digitisation of methods used for depicting architectural intent and/or instruction, a schism emerged. There exists a divide between the act of drawing, and the primal meaning represented through the product. To escape the doldrums created by the aforementioned condition, this dissertation presents a fourfold investigation on ‘architectural drawing’ as entity. The four individual chapters should be understood as reflections on the methodological approaches employed in the formation of the resulting intervention. The summarised topics are as follows:
It is important to note that all the drawings presented in this document were done by hand, and drawn with considerable love and precision. As such, The drawings are intended to be carefully studied and contemplated - with specific regard to the preceding text - in order to create a holistic view of the project. The resulting intervention is informed by, and thus a direct product of, investigative sketches that act as research- and mapping devices. This process enables the communication of internalised ideas, both to oneself and to others. Since communication is fully dependent on the clear translation of ideas, drawings become the embodiment of the formulated approach, instead of a representation of internalised ideas. The programme housed by the resulting architecture aims to further strengthen the proposed theoretical premise through emphasising the impact that drawing has on spatial hierarchy. The act of drawing possesses the power to define or alter perceptions of hierarchal value contained within artefacts. through manipulating the emphasis placed on an object within a drawing it becomes possible to manipulate it’s perceived importance.Dissertation (MArch(Prof))--University of Pretoria, 2014.
Architecture
MArch(Prof)
Unrestricted
17
Cotter, Donal Fergal. "Thermally activated building systems within building envelopes." Thesis, Ulster University, 2016. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.700825.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of the work presented in this thesis is to investigate if an externally insulated cavity wall activated using a 'Thermally Activated Building System' (TABS) and linked to an environmental source can become an energy actuator~ balancing distribution within a building's thermal mass and reducing peaks in energy demand. Internal space conditioning is mainly responsible for high levels of energy consumption within most buildings. Many energy strategies strive to manipulate building physics and architectural design to exploit viable low energy heating and cooling systems that can maintain and balance envelope integrity and occupant thermal comfort. A common method of reducing energy consumption and improving performance is the application of external insulation to walls. This reduces dynamic transmission and creates a capacitive layer with the potential to provide a heat sink for environmentally generated heat and coolth for short-term usage. To exercise the distribution of heat from generation sources, TABS is embedded into the outer mass layer that is externally insulated. The large surface areas involved creates dynamic heat flows that positively influence structural integrity and the internal space. The ability to hydraulically circulate energy within this mass layer and other zones also provides reduced thermal elemental stratification and improved structural thermal equilibrium. This project used both steady-state and cyclical scientific methods to carry out experimental testing within a hot box calorimeter. Steady-state testing was completed and compared to calculated methods, validating the thermophysical properties of the wall. A parametric study using a hot box calorimeter was conducted (with and without TABS) across staged performance upgrades to the cavity wall and a comparative study completed based on the results. In this thesis, results from cyclical testing showed that elemental thickness and location was key to maximising the walls performance within winter and summer variations. The air-filled cavity wall with external insulation outperformed the full filled cavity with insulation (with and without activation), even though the full filled cavity wall had a lower U-value. A detailed analysis of thermal stratification in the vertical plane of the wall showed that increased thermal control was possible with an optimised wall configuration and thermal activation. The application of TABS increased thermal storage (heating and cooling) within the mass layers with redundancy to accommodate increased overall performance from the TABS and aggregated systems. The thesis concludes that overall the application of TABS to a cavity wall is an effective solution, increasing the performance potential of primary systems (heating and cooling) and reducing the effects of construction deficiencies.
18
Noack, Andrea. "Building identities, building communities, lesbian women and gaydar." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ39217.pdf.
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Noack, Andrea. "Building identities, building communities lesbian women and gaydar /." Connect to this title online via Theses Canada Portal Connect to this title online via UMI ProQuest, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/yorku/fullcit?pMQ39217.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.A.)--York University, 1998. Graduate Programme in Sociology.Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 116-120). Also available on the Internet. MODE OF ACCESS via web browser by entering the following URL: http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/yorku/fullcit?pMQ39217.
20
wang, menglin. "Building Information Modeling (BIM): Site-Building Interoperability Methods." Digital WPI, 2011. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-theses/1026.
Full textAbstract:
"Nowadays, many companies in the Architecture/Engineering/Construction (AEC) industry are using Building Information Modeling (BIM) in achieving a faster, sustainable and more economic project. Among the new developed concepts and BIM applications, two of the concepts most frequently used with the support of BIM technology in the planning, organization and scheduling of projects are 4D and 5D in which a 3D model is tied to its time execution (4D) at any point in time and its corresponding cost (5D). However, most of these applications concentrate on modeling the building but it does not include a corresponding modeling of the site in which the building is located. To date, there are few studies and systematic implementation of the site and the building integrated into one BIM model. This site-building integrated model can also be conceptualized as ¡°6D BIM¡± model. The benefit of integrating the site and building together into one model is that the building is no longer treated in isolation of its surround site but incorporates extremely helpful short-term and long-term information for the owner, designer, and builder regarding site topography, landscaping, access roads, ground conditions and the location of site utilities. Major existing research and technology issues that are preventing this site-building integration deal with functionality and interoperability of the BIM software, different orientation and coordination of building model and site model. The objectives of this thesis are to explore current organizational and technological issues preventing this integration, to investigate a feasible method to create a site-linked BIM model, and to discuss the benefits and limitations of bringing BIM concept to the site conditions. The research has been conducted by an extensive review on the literature related to the topic of interest published primarily by AEC. A review on current applications of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) has also been included because of the wider context provided by this technology to the specific topic of this research. Related BIM software developed by three different vendors ¡ªhas been discussed and compared to determine the level of feasibility and operational features of technological support necessary to implement the site-linked BIM model. A case study based on the design and construction of the WPI Recreational & Sports Center, currently under construction, was developed to explore and understand the details that are involved in creating a new site model and to link it with the existing 3D building model. What has been learned from the analysis of this case study is presented, discussed and analyzed in terms of benefits and limitations. Recommendations for future extensions from both the research aspect and the technology support aspect finally presented. These include the creation of 3D BIM Campus Map, which is one site model with several building models placed on it to facilitate future planning of new building and/or maintenance and operation of the current buildings and campus infrastructure. "
21
Gist, Corinne Marie. "Building Fluency With Frequency Building and Precision Teaching." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1554295068566168.
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Carter, Laura. "Building Nest." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2007. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/english_theses/27.
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“What does it mean, to make a genuine generalization, to create an objective concrete abstraction of a phenomenon?”—Evald Ilyenkov. As Guy Debord writes in his Society of the Spectacle, “the lack of general historical life also means that individual life as yet has no history.” These poems are my process of coming to understand history, and many of them are critiques of histories per se. If, as Frank O’Hara writes, “these anxieties remain erect,” they also shape the poems that I have written here. I want to be in dialogue with the spectacle that shapes postmodernism. I want to live in communication with the memories of events that have shaped my speech over the years. The title is a struggle to regain a home while not forgetting the displacement of the proverbial poet, a poet to whom I am forever indebted and probably likely to become.
23
Crichton, Scott Wesley George. "Building faith." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ39644.pdf.
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Fu, Douglas. "Body-building." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ39654.pdf.
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Jondelius, Olof. "MYCELIUM BUILDING." Thesis, KTH, Arkitektur, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-168912.
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This work is looking in to what possibilites and restrictions comes with using mycelium as a building material for a small house. It includes reasoning around solutions for some of the problems and presenting some ideas of how to use some of the materials properties in your favor. A general background of why we need to start look in to alternative materials for all petroleum materials are presented.Det här arbetet har varit inriktat på att se vilka möjligheter samt begränsningar det skulle innebära att bygga ett minder hus av mycel. Det inkluderar resonering för lösningar av problemen samt förslag på tillvaratagning av egenskaper i materialet. En generell förklaring till varför vi måste börja titta på alternativ till oljebaserade material finns i arbetet.
26
Skolnik, Derek. "Building instrumentation." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1790313721&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Pienaar, Rousseau. "City building." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2004. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-02212005-085046.
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Evanshen, Pamela. "Team Building." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2002. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/4422.
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Dahmen, Joseph (Joseph F. D. ). "Building debris." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/35511.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M. Arch.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 2006.Includes bibliographical references (p. 82-83).
This thesis relates architectural practices to intelligent use of resources and the reuse of derelict spaces. The initial investigation of rammed earth as a building material is followed by site-specific operations at the courtyard of MIT building N51 and on sites located along a three mile stretch of Interstate 93 in Dorchester.
by Joseph Dahmen.
M.Arch.
30
Haines, Michael. "Building Bonfires." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2013. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1632.
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Buiglová, Kristýna. "Residential Building." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-226581.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of my master´s thesis is elaboration of the project in the level for realization of new residential building. Designed residential building is located on parcel number 190/7, at the cadastral area of Lazce, in the city of Olomouc. Related buildings and utilities are designed on parcel numbers 105/60, 105/78, 282, 290/1, 289, at the cadastral area of Lazce, in the city of Olomouc. The plot is situated along the Dlouhá Street. This area is mainly made up of civic amenities while the building creates a transition between the existing settlement of blocks of flats and existing family houses. It is four floors building with warm flat roof. On the first floor are designed parking spaces for motor cars, cellar boxes and technical rooms. The second to fourth floors consist of flats which have different dispositions from 1+kk to 4+kk. Flats on the second and third floor are designed with loggias and on the fourth floor with terraces.
32
Hakami, Ahmad Ibrhim T. "Residential Building." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/81273.
Full textAbstract:
Current residential building designs have become very close and confined. This confinement has made the house lacking in the feeling of open space and the gradual transition from the outdoor to the indoor spaces. These units lack to ventilation, natural lighting, and the connection with the natural environments.
In this study, a non-conventional design of the residential building is introduced. This design has revealed the elements of the ideal that is missing in the typical residential buildings today.Master of Architecture
33
Mengana, Bashar, and Fredrik Raak. "Building Automation." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektro- och systemteknik (EES), 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-199263.
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Font, Palma Guadalupe Maria. "Ballet building." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/31689.
Full textAbstract:
Dance and architecture have much in common; both involve
the experiential movement of the human body through space,
and both convey meaning through form. In ballet there are
two kinds of meanings, the metaphorical and the literal, but
the meanings are important as forms. In architecture, the
forms are important when they respond to a use. In a ballet
building, where the main use is the dance itself, how can the
design of such a building be expressive of its function? How
can ballet be analyzed and interpreted to give meaning to a
building? Can architecture help to give new meanings to
dance?
Through the study and interpretation of the elements of ballet,
this thesis explores the development of a language that links
ballet and architecture and its application in the design
methodology of a ballet building.Applied Science, Faculty of
Architecture and Landscape Architecture (SALA), School of
Graduate
35
Isdalen, Olga, and Hamsa Taufik. "Flexible building." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Kommunikations- och transportsystem, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-144839.
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Städer i Sverige växer ständigt. Folk flyttar från ett område till ett annat område och detta leder till att byggnader i vissa distrikt börjar sakna sin betydelse. Till exempel om en räjong i staden bosätt med många barnfamiljer finns det behov för stort antal förskoleplatser och i sin tur byggnader som är anpassad för förskoleverksamhet. När räjongens befolkning mognar och barnen flyttar ut så minskar behovet av förskoleplatser och omvandlas istället till ett behov av stort antal lägenhetshus i området. Detta examensarbete har syftet att utreda möjligheten att konvertera bostadshus till förskolor i samband med den ökande befolkningsmängden och vice versa, d.v.s. att konvertera en förskola till ett lägenhetshus. Arbete berör både sociala aspekter vad gäller förskolan samt arkitektoniska perspektivet och lösningar angående hur ett flexibelt hus kan designas. Enkätundersökningen och litteraturstudier är metoder för att få fram resultatet av detta arbete. Resultatet visas i form av skisser, diagram, ritningar och renderingar.
36
Frazzano, Tracy L. "Local jurisdictions and active shooters : building networks, building capacities." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/4997.
Full textAbstract:
CHDS State/LocalApproved for public release; distribution is unlimited
States incidents (Columbine High School shooting (April 20, 1999) and North Hollywood Bank shoot out (February 28, 1997) were studied. Individuals from the U.S. cases were interviewed to explore information not necessarily documented. Data from the case studies and interviews were collated and reviewed for common themes. These themes were analyzed to draw conclusions on how smaller jurisdictions should proceed in building capacities to deal with active shooter scenarios. Findings suggest that smaller jurisdictions can build capacities by creating a megacommunity within local law enforcement. This includes developing systems to share smart practices, training for small unit attacks, and creating multi-jurisdictional interoperability standards.
37
Joustra, Caryssa. "An Integrated Building Water Management Model for Green Building." Scholar Commons, 2010. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3654.
Full textAbstract:
The U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC) is the developer of the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED™) green building scoring system. On first inspection of LEED points, few address water efficiency. However, water management encompasses other points beyond the Water Efficiency (WE) category. In general, the industry is apt to take a somewhat compartmentalized approach to water management. The use of alternative water sources or the reuse of wastewater significantly complicates the water budget picture. A total water management systems approach, taking into consideration water from various sources, both inside and outside the building, should be implemented in order to devise a strategy for optimal reduction of potable water consumption and wastewater generation. Using the STELLA software to create an integrated building water management (IBWM) model provides stakeholders with a tool to evaluate potential water savings under dynamic conditions for a specific project site. Data collection for IBWM model calibration also shows that water consumption trends are unique to each project, and using LEED assumptions about water usage can overestimate or underestimate potential water savings.
38
Lundin, Lena. "On building-related causes of the sick building syndrome." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Almqvist & Wiksell international, 1991. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb40221734q.
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Sasson, Leora. "Investigation of a tall building structure : the spiral building." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/38043.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 1995.10717498
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 227-229).
by Leora Sasson.
M.S.
40
Cerezo, Davila Carlos. "Building archetype calibration for effective urban building energy modeling." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/111487.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis: Ph. D. in Building Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Architecture, 2017.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis. Page 156 blank.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 143-152).
In response to the current environmental challenges, city governments worldwide are developing action plans to both reduce GHG emissions and increase the resilience of their built environment. Given the relevance of energy use in buildings, such plans introduce a variety of efficiency and supply planning strategies ranging from the scale of buildings, to full districts. Their implementation requires information about current building energy demands, and how these demands, and the city's energy ecosystem at large, may change as a result of a specific urban intervention. Unfortunately, metered data is not available at a sufficient level of detail, and cities face an "information gap" between the aggregate scale of their emission targets, and the scale of implementation of energy strategies. To close it, municipalities and other interested stakeholders require modeling tools that provide accurate spatially and temporally defined energy demands by building. Urban Building Energy Models (UBEMs) have been proposed in research as a bottom-up, physics based, urban modeling technique, to estimate energy demands by building for current conditions and future scenarios. Given the large number of data inputs required in their generation, UBEMs have relied on their characterization through "building archetypes". Yet, in the absence of detailed building and energy data, this process has remained somewhat arbitrary, relying on deterministic assumptions and the subjective judgement of the modeler. The resulting simplification can potentially lead to predictions that misrepresent urban demands and misinform decision makers. In order to address these limitations and enable the large scale application of UBEMs, this dissertation introduces a set of modeling and calibration techniques. First, in order to demonstrate the feasibility of citywide municipal UBEMs, an 80,000 buildings model is generated and simulated for the city of Boston, based exclusively on currently available and maintained municipal datasets. An automated modeling workflow and a new library file format for archetypes are developed for that purpose, and current limitations of municipal datasets and practices are identified. To improve the reliability of UBEMs in reproducing metered demands, a new calibration approach is proposed, which applies principles of Bayesian statistics to reduce the uncertainty in archetype parameters defined stochastically based on a sample of metered buildings. The method is demonstrated and validated in the model of a residential district in Kuwait with 323 annually metered buildings, showing errors below 5% in the mean and 15% in the variance when compared with the measured EUI distribution. The accuracy of the resulting UBEM when reproducing EUI distributions is also compared with typical deterministic approaches, resulting in an error improvement of 30-40%. The method is expanded for its application when monthly energy data is available, and applied for the calibration of a sample including 2,662 residential buildings in Cambridge, MA. Finally, the relevance of calibrated archetype-based UBEMs in urban decisions is discussed from the perspectives of policy makers, energy providers, urban designers and real estate owners in two application cases in neighborhoods of Kuwait City and Boston.
by Carlos Cerezo Davila.
Ph. D. in Building Technology
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Zhang, Kaiying. "Studying building behaviors by using the Building Management System of a new teaching building : A study case of a school building in Stockholm." Thesis, KTH, Hållbara byggnader, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-278537.
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Building management system (BMS) offers a wide range of measurements and historical data about the building but few types of researches use these data to analyze the building performance. This study aims to explore the indoor climate and building insulation by taking advantage of the BMS of the study case, which 767 sensors are installed in the room and wall structures and the signal data are available at the online web application. In addition, during the inspection, several error sensors and meters are detected are discussed as feedback for the system. It is concluded that the building management system is a good tool to study the building performance in different aspects and the measurements from the sensors are helpful but need validation by conducting a further field measurement in the building.
42
Yalcin, Abdurrahman. "Effect Of Shadow In Building Detection And Building Boundary Extraction." Master's thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12610179/index.pdf.
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Rectangular-shaped building detection from high resolution aerial/satellite
images is proposed for two different methods. Shadow information plays main role
in both of these algorithms. One of the algorithms is based on Hough
transformation, the other one is based on mean shift segmentation algorithm.
Satellite/aerial images are firstly converted to YIQ color space to be used in shadow
segmentation. Hue and intensity values are used in computing the ratio image which
is used to segment shadowed regions. For shadow segmentation Otsu&rsquos method is used on the histogram of the ratio image. The segmented shadow image is used as the input for both of two building detection algorithms. In the proposed methods, shadowed regions are believed to be the building shadows. So, non-shadowed regions such as roads, cars, trees etc. are discarded before processing the image. In Hough transform based building detection algorithm, shadowed regions are firstly segmented one by one and filtered for noise removal and edge sharpening. Then, the edges in the filtered image are detected by using Canny edge detection algorithm. Then, line segments are extracted. Finally, the extracted line segments are used to construct rectangular-shaped buildings. In mean shift based building detection algorithm, image is firstly segmented by using mean shift segmentation algorithm. By using shadow image and segmented image, building rooftops are investigated in shadow boundaries. The results are compared for both of the algorithms. In the last step a shadow removal algorithm is implemented to observe the effects of shadow regions in both of two implemented building detection algorithms. Both of these algorithms are applied to shadow removed image and results are compared.
43
Beyer, David. "Sustainable building and construction implementing green building in Western Australia /." Murdoch, W.A. : Institute for Sustainability and Technology Policy, Murdoch University, 2002. http://nla.gov.au/nla.arc-44114.
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To, Man-hon, and 杜文漢. "Enhancement of competitiveness of commercial building through green building accreditation." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B48343274.
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Environmental protection has become increasingly concerned by from the government, general public and private sector in recent decades. Recently, the concept of green or sustainability, which has come out as a more comprehensive concept than environment conservation, is getting more concern and discussion as well. This dissertation starts with an introduction on the background, scope of study, methodology and data collection. Then, it goes to literature review on concept of green building, environmental management system and marketing strategies as well as development of environmental protection and green building accreditation in Hong Kong. After that, a case study on 248 Queen’s Road East will be conducted for identifying its existing environmental measures and potential for improvement on green management system. Face-to-face interviews and a questionnaire survey were conducted to collect the relevant information or opinions from the property manager and tenants for exploring the progress of improvement in their environmental management and performance as well as its impact to enhancement of competitiveness to the building through achieving green building accreditation.published_or_final_version
Housing Management
Master
Master of Housing Management
45
Wilshaw, Alison Ruth. "Building integrated photovoltaics : a case study of the Northumberland Building." Thesis, Northumbria University, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.393860.
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Ligator, Jessica. "Top ten building code violations found by Florida building officials." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2006. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0014343.
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Shakeri, Shadi. "Modeling Information Seeking Under Perceived Risk." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2018. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1404510/.
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Information seeking and information avoidance are the mechanisms humans natural used for coping with uncertainties and adapting to environmental stressors. Uncertainties are rooted in knowledge gaps. In social sciences, the relationship between knowledge gaps and perceived risk have received little attention. A review of the information science literature suggests that few studies have been devoted to the investigation of the role of this relationship in motivating information-seeking behavior. As an effort to address the lack of theory building in the field of information science, this study attempts to construct a model of information seeking under risk (MISR) by examining the relationships among perceived risk, knowledge gap, fear arousal, risk propensity, personal relevance, and deprivation and interest curiosity as antecedents to motivation to seek information. An experimental approach and a scenario-based survey method are employed to design the study. Partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) analysis was conducted to test the relationships in the proposed model. Perceived risk was found to be a highly significant predictor of information seeking in moderately high-risk situations. Similarly, personal relevant has a significant negative effect on perceived risk and its interaction with knowledge gap motivates information seeking.
48
Knezovic, Katarina. "Smart Building Networks." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for elkraftteknikk, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-23083.
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This paper gives insight into the paradigm of Smart Grid with focus on the smart building as its fundamental part. After a theoretical description of a current grid?s evolution to smart form as well as basic features and functionalities of a smart building, a draft model of the building has been developed in the AnyLogic program. It simulates the behaviour of a smart building and possibilities it can provide to the grid through various scenarios. In the end, a cost and benefit analysis has been conducted to show expenses and revenues in case of implementing a smart house at different locations (Norway and Croatia), and profitability of such a project.This assignment is realised as a part of the collaborative project "Sustainable Energy and Environment in Western Balkans" that aims to develop and establish five new internationally recognized MSc study programs for the field of "Sustainable Energy and Environment", one at each of the five collaborating universities in three different WB countries. The project is funded through the Norwegian Programme in Higher Education, Research and Development in the Western Balkans, Programme 3: Energy Sector (HERD Energy) for the period 2011-2013.
49
Lopez, Mark W. "Whole building commissioning." Thesis, Springfield, Va. : Available from National Technical Information Service, 2000. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA379392.
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Fridell, Robert. "Building consolidation project." [Denver, Colo.] : Regis University, 2006. http://165.236.235.140/lib/RFridell2006.pdf.
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