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Journal articles on the topic 'The building'
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1
Ronan, M. A., and J. Tits. "Building buildings." Mathematische Annalen 278, no. 1-4 (March 1987): 291–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01458072.
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Yin, Hang. "Building Management System to support building renovation." Boolean: Snapshots of Doctoral Research at University College Cork, no. 2010 (January 1, 2010): 164–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.33178/boolean.2010.37.
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Many publications have concluded that around 40% of the world’s energy costs are incurred in buildings. The biggest energy users in a building are facilities which cover 40% to 60% of the total energy cost. In recent years, construction work undertaken in building renovation and rehabilitation has increased considerably. Technical renovations have always brought better building management. Modern technology has a more user friendly interface as well as giving us the successful management of building systems and associated reduced costs. In order to implement more energy efficiency in existing buildings, Building Management System (BMS) and Building Information Modelling (BIM) play important roles in the energy & cost savings of the building’s life. This paper emphasises the use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) to support and justify essential building renovation that will improve a building’s performance and decrease annual energy costs. We will present an introduction to BMS and BIM ...
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Wright, Richard N. "Computers in buildings, building and building research." Building Services Engineering Research and Technology 6, no. 1 (February 1985): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014362448500600104.
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Li, Na. "Research on Comfort Performance of Green Building and Conventional Building." Applied Mechanics and Materials 312 (February 2013): 822–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.312.822.
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t has been argued that green buildings have a better indoor environmental quality than conventional buildings and that this translates into a more satisfying workplace for the building's occupants and, inturn, a more productive workforce. Assessing a building's cost effectiveness means taking into account all the costs that will be incurred during its life cycle not just development costs. People found no evidence to believe that green buildings are more comfortable than conventional building. In fact, the only difference between the buildings was that occupants of the green building were more likely to perceive their work environment as warm, and occupants who felt warm were more likely to describe their work environment as poor.
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Pangastuti, Dyah Ayu, and Yusuf Latief. "Conceptual Framework for Developing Web-based Maintenance Systems for Government’s Simple-Buildings within the DKI Jakarta Provincial Government." Journal of International Conference Proceedings 4, no. 1 (July 22, 2021): 58–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.32535/jicp.v4i1.1124.
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DKI Jakarta, as the capital of the Republic of Indonesia, has the highest population density in Indonesia, with a population of 16,334 people / km2. Therefore, community facilities and infrastructure within the DKI Jakarta Provincial Government play an important role so that community service can be carried out properly. As one of the main infrastructures, State Buildings must have building reliability as stated in the technical requirements stipulated in Presidential Regulation Number 73 of 2016. Building maintenance is an activity to maintain the building's reliability and infrastructure, and facilities so that the building always functions properly. Based on a survey conducted by the DKI Jakarta Provincial Office for The Creation of Works, Spatial Planning and Land Use in 2019, the number of building assets of Province DKI Jakarta are 9823 buildings. 60% of those buildings were classified as Simple-Building category. Due to the numerous building assets, maintenance activities need to be supported by an adequate maintenance system. This study aims to develop a building maintenance system based on web. The methodology used in this research are expert validation, interviews, field survey and literature studies. The results of the validation process will be developed into a simple-building’s web-based maintenance system framework.
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Bennett, Michael. "Building models, modelling buildings." Physics World 28, no. 9 (September 2015): 44–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2058-7058/28/9/42.
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Yang, Yun Hui. "Green Building Development Features in China." Applied Mechanics and Materials 587-589 (July 2014): 725–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.587-589.725.
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China has the biggest building construction market in the world today and it is growing at an explosive rate. At present, more than 85% of China's newly constructed buildings and more than 95% of the existing buildings are high energy consumption buildings. 1 Green building is undoubtedly a great emerging market for the Chinese building industry, green and clean technology and products are becoming rapidly growing market in China. Both the new green building construction and existing building’s energy retrofit market will significantly grow in future. This paper discusses features of the green building development in China with respect to various aspects of the green building development situations, green building rating systems and its features so as to make further improvements. The discussion was refined based on literature reviews, requests for information from certification system owners, and interviews with certification system users and members of the industry advisory group.
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Cîrstolovean, Lucian, and Paraschiva Mizgan. "Validation of Building Energy Modeling Tools for a Residential Building in Brasov Area-Romania." Ovidius University Annals of Constanta - Series Civil Engineering 20, no. 1 (December 1, 2018): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ouacsce-2018-0004.
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Abstract A building energy model is a simulation tool which calculates the thermal loads and energy use in buildings. Building energy models provide valuable insight into energy use in buildings based on architecture, materials and thermal loads. In addition, building energy models also must account for the effects of the building’s occupants in terms of energy use. In this paper we discuss building energy models and their accuracy in predicting energy use. In particular, we focus on two types of validation methods which have been used to investigate the accuracy of building energy models and on how they account for their effects on occupants. The analyzed building is P + M located in the climatic zone 4, Sânpetru / Braşov. We have carried out a detailed and exemplary energy needs analysis using two methods of analysis.
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Lemer, Andrew C. "TEAM BUILDING and Quality Buildings." Design Management Journal (Former Series) 2, no. 2 (June 10, 2010): 54–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1948-7169.1991.tb00077.x.
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Edwards, Rodger. "Intelligent Buildings and Building Automation." Construction Management and Economics 29, no. 2 (February 2011): 216–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01446193.2010.542470.
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Wang, Hong Wei, Ying Liu, Bao Ling Wang, and Ling Yan Yu. "Survey and Analysis of Energy System’s Energy Consumption Focused on Typical Industrial Buildings in Shenyang." Advanced Materials Research 512-515 (May 2012): 2914–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.512-515.2914.
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Industrial building energy consumption accounts for more than half of building energy consumption. In order to understand the situation of energy consumption of industrial building’s energy system in Shenyang located in China's northeast severe cold region, we investigated the distribution of industrial buildings and energy system’s energy consumption (HVAC, water supply and drainage, electrical system) of typical industrial buildings in Shenyang, it is found that the energy system’s energy consumption of Shenyang is great because of long-term neglecting of industrial building’s energy conservation. We must strengthen the designing of energy conservation, applying of new technology and supervising of industrial building to develop the potential of industrial building’s energy conservation.
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Deshpanday, Ishani. "Sustainable Green Building." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VII (July 25, 2021): 2301–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.36572.
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Green building refers to a structure and employing a method that's environmentally accountable and resource economical throughout a building’s life cycle. Since buildings consume nearly five hundredth of the world's total energy, inexperienced buildings, on the other hand, consume a minimum quantity of energy with the utilization of energy economical materials. Hence, location of inexperienced buildings within the close proximity would produce an inexperienced zone and supply a far healthier setting with minimum heat island result. In India there are 2 primary rating systems for inexperienced buildings: GRIHA (green rating for integrated surround assessment), LEED (leadership in energy and setting design). Green buildings compared to standard buildings appear specifically similar and conjointly within the building use, however disagree within the operational savings and considerations for human comfort and indoor and atmosphere. inexperienced buildings get pleasure from the advantages of saving 40-50% energy by reducing greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere; it conjointly saves concerning 20-30% of water by victimization rain gathering or gray apply techniques. It conjointly reduces VMT (vehicle miles travelled) by selecting the placement near conveyance and conveniences that helps in reduction of petrol consumption. However, on the opposite hand, inexperienced buildings face several barriers just like the high initial investment needed for construction, split incentives.
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Su, Ying Ming, and Yi Ping Tsai. "The Importance of the Appearance Image and Cognition of Green Building." Applied Mechanics and Materials 496-500 (January 2014): 2544–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.496-500.2544.
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When global climate change becoming a problem that is getting worse nowadays, Green Buildings have become one of the major solutions to maintaining a sustainable environment. Because most of the public interpret the messages sent by their environment through visual appearance and images, This study aims to analyze the appearance effects of U.S. LEED and Taiwan EEWH Green Building rating systems by conducting surveys on the publics cognition of green building appearances and green building rating systems, and analyzing the relationship between green building appearance and environmental cognition. The results indicate that building appearance is a key judgment reference for identifying green buildings. However, there has been no significant relationships found between green building rating system and green building appearances so far, which may cause confusion as to the publics cognition and image of green buildings. Therefore, it is recommended that building's appearance image should be included in future revisions of the green building rating systems.
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Su, Dong Bin, Zhi Yong Nie, and Jing Yong Huang. "The Facade Style Research about Renovation of Public Building in City." Applied Mechanics and Materials 209-211 (October 2012): 114–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.209-211.114.
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In today’s China, with the development of economy, the urban construction is also very rapid. However, the high speed development has also created many problems. For example, the urban public building layout is unreasonable, the quality of public building is not high. Therefore, many public buildings will be a state of being removed. In order to lengthen the building’s life, Renovation of the building became the topic which the society pays attention together. The renovation of the building has many ways, Transform the building’s facade can change effectively the building’s image and the cost is low. Therefore this article sets up urban public building’s facade transformation to take the research aim, and put the focus to the architectural style.
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Aigbavboa, Clinton, and Wellington Didibhuku Thwala. "PERFORMANCE OF A GREEN BUILDING'S INDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY ON BUILDING OCCUPANTS IN SOUTH AFRICA." Journal of Green Building 14, no. 1 (January 2019): 131–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3992/1943-4618.14.1.131.
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Indoor environmental quality (IEQ) is important to the health, comfort, and well-being of building occupants. Unsatisfactory IEQ is associated with a number of phenomena, most notably, sick building syndrome (SBS), building-related illnesses (BRIs), and multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS), which have major negative effects on productivity. However, green building investors (owners) are not only concerned about reducing the negative impact of their buildings on the environment, but also about the potentially negative impact green buildings can have on their employees' productivity. This research sets out to address, through a questionnaire survey in South Africa, what constitutes the determinants of green building occupants' satisfaction with the IEQ elements of a green building and the health implications of a building's IEQ on the building occupants. Data analysis (involving a one-sample t-test) reveals some interesting findings in regard to what constitutes the determinants of green building occupants' satisfaction with the IEQ elements and the health implications of the IEQ elements of a five-star green rated building in South Africa. Findings from the survey revealed that the occupants of the building were not satisfied with the green building's IEQ, most especially the ineffectiveness of blocking natural and artificial lighting. Also, it was revealed that the IEQ with particular reference to the noise level and ventilation of the space has some serious health implications for the building occupants. The occupants' evaluation revealed that the major health issues from which they suffer include fatigue, headache, common cold, coughing, and influenza, and these affect their productivity and performance. Since building occupants are a rich source of information about IEQ assessment and its effect on productivity, the study can be used to assess the performance of green buildings, identify areas needing improvement, and provide useful feedback to designers and operators about specific aspects of green building design features and operating strategies that need improvement. This study adds to the body of knowledge on green buildings' IEQ performance.
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Liao, Chen Ya, Da Lu Tan, and Yun Xuan Li. "Research on the Application of BIM in the Operation Stage of Green Building." Applied Mechanics and Materials 174-177 (May 2012): 2111–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.174-177.2111.
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Today the construction of green buildings is in full swing, and the concept of green goes deeply into the hearts of the people. However, practitioners in the construction industry often place the emphasis of green building construction on the stage of design and construction. They hardly realize that green building's operation stage is the most important part in the whole life cycle of the building. To build real green building, it also needs sustainable development in the operation stage. The appearing of BIM (Building Information Model) technique effectively solved this problem. Using BIM technique in operation stage can effectively promote work efficiency of the operation organization, improve quality of service to customers, reduce the occurrence of emergencies in building's operation stage, improve safety performance, reduce resources waste and then construct real green buildings.
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Zhang, Wei, and Yue En Li. "A Study to Interior Design Project Management Guideline Using on Historical Building Renovation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 584-586 (July 2014): 207–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.584-586.207.
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There are many western style historical buildings in China, and the old buildings need a renovation and protection for their historical value in culture and facilities. It is an important protection problem for the culture symbols and historical building renovation. In this paper, it presents a old cultural building’s renovation process following the a interior design project management guideline, as the public old building, it should consider its old structure and modern building corresponding, the project cost and the craft combine together in this case study, as the successful case and field symbolic building, it shows a new characters around that place.
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Korniyenko, Sergey. "Complex analysis of energy efficiency in operated high-rise residential building: Case study." E3S Web of Conferences 33 (2018): 02005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20183302005.
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Energy conservation and human thermal comfort enhancement in buildings is a topical issue of modern architecture and construction. The innovative solution of this problem makes it possible to enhance building ecological and maintenance safety, to reduce hydrocarbon fuel consumption, and to improve life standard of people. The requirements to increase of energy efficiency in buildings should be provided at all the stages of building's life cycle that is at the stage of design, construction and maintenance of buildings. The research purpose is complex analysis of energy efficiency in operated high-rise residential building. Many actions for building energy efficiency are realized according to the project; mainly it is the effective building envelope and engineering systems. Based on results of measurements the energy indicators of the building during annual period have been calculated. The main reason of increase in heat losses consists in the raised infiltration of external air in the building through a building envelope owing to the increased air permeability of windows and balcony doors (construction defects). Thermorenovation of the building based on ventilating and infiltration heat losses reduction through a building envelope allows reducing annual energy consumption. Energy efficiency assessment based on the total annual energy consumption of building, including energy indices for heating and a ventilation, hot water supply and electricity supply, in comparison with heating is more complete. The account of various components in building energy balance completely corresponds to modern direction of researches on energy conservation and thermal comfort enhancement in buildings.
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Lambertz, Michaela, Sebastian Theißen, Jannick Höper, and Reinhard Wimmer. "Importance of building services in ecological building assessments." E3S Web of Conferences 111 (2019): 03061. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911103061.
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The new Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD) 2018 and the GebäudeEnergieGesetz (GEG) tightened the requirements for energy efficiency and the use of renewable energy sources in buildings at EU and national levels. Environmental impacts from manufacturing, dismantling and recycling of buildings are not taken into account. Green Building Certification Systems, such as the DGNB or BNB systems, are therefore the only ones that (voluntarily) set holistic, ecological requirements for buildings. Based on a Whole-Building Life Cycle Assessment, the entire building life cycle and its environmental effects are evaluated. While building services in this context are usually only included in such a simplified approach, the full scope of the produced environmental impacts are underestimated and misjudged for the reduction of emissions and other environmental impacts. This publication uses the results of a life cycle assessment of a typical office building (in Germany) to show the amount of influence building services have on environmental impacts of buildings. Furthermore the study shows an approach how the very high pro-curement and calculation effort of LCA can be reduced by linking the Building Information Modelling (BIM) Method and LCA models to enable a significantly more efficient and easier calculation process, es-pecially for building services.
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Izobo-Martins, Oladunni Oluwatoyin, Ekhaese Eghosa, and Ayo-Vaughan Kunle Emmanuel. "Architects’ View on Design Consideration that Can Reduce Maintenance Cost." Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences 9, no. 3 (May 1, 2018): 193–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mjss-2018-0061.
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Abstract Buildings are designed with the intent of lasting for a certain period of time. Building maintenance in different building typology is described as multi-faceted activities which involve planning, directing, controlling and organizing resources for the sustenance of the building’s physical, functional and operational performance. The research focused on ways cost of maintaining a building was done, effectively or efficiently with the influence of the design approach used. Literatures of works pertaining to building maintenance were reviewed to identify the various impacts, influences that a building design would have on the cost of maintaining any building type. Maintenance departments of educational institutions were surveyed and data analyzed. The study revealed that maintenance culture of buildings could either be positive or negative, based on the quality of design approach used. The study recommends a proper review of building codes and regulations by organizations intending to erect building structures with a view of designers to specified standards and prevent excess maintenance cost in the future.
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BAL'KIN, V. M. "BUILDING CONTROL AND SAFETY OF BUILDINGS." Urban construction and architecture 3, no. 3 (September 15, 2013): 40–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.17673/vestnik.2013.03.6.
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Edelson, Eve. "Building automation security in office buildings." Computer Fraud & Security 2004, no. 10 (October 2004): 4–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1361-3723(04)00120-4.
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Retzlaff, Rebecca C. "Green Buildings and Building Assessment Systems." Journal of Planning Literature 24, no. 1 (August 2009): 3–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0885412209349589.
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Wahlström, Åsa, and Mari-Liis Maripuu. "Additional requirement to the Swedish nearly zero energy requirements." E3S Web of Conferences 246 (2021): 14002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202124614002.
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This study has analysed which options would be appropriate to use as additional requirements to the main requirement of primary energy number in the new Swedish building regulations. The starting point is to ensure that buildings are built with good qualitative properties in terms of the building envelope so that low energy use can be maintained throughout the life of the building despite changes in installation systems or the building’s occupancy. The additional requirements should aim to minimize energy losses, i.e., to ensure that the building's total energy demand is low. The following possible additional requirements have been examined: net energy demand, net energy demand for heating, heat power demand, heat loss rate and average heat transfer coefficient. In order to ensure that the additional requirements will work as desired and to explore possibilities with, and identify the consequences of, the various proposals, calculations have been made for four different categories of buildings: single-family houses, apartment buildings, schools and offices. The results show that the suggested option net energy demand will not contribute to any additional benefits in relation to primary energy number. The other options analysed have both advantages and disadvantages and it is difficult to find a single additional requirement that fulfils all the pre-set demands.
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Vink, Jacques. "Flex−Buildings Designed to Change." Open House International 30, no. 1 (March 1, 2005): 62–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-01-2005-b0009.
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Flex−buildings are buildings which are literally designed to change. A flex−building must be able to accept different infills and its users must be able to easily adapt their surroundings. Flexibility is defined as the capacity of a building to undergo modifications and accept changes of function with limited structural interventions. More than 40% of the activities housed in a flex building can continue to function during modification. Studies into flex−buildings (commissioned by the Dutch Government) have elicited a number of insights. These are not hard−and−fast conclusions but more in the region of statements and reminders for those involved with flex−buildings. These studies show that it takes more than civil engineering to successfully realise such buildings. Aspects of use and management are at least as important. Besides, it requires designers who are willing to let go of their design after it is finished. For the result is not a completed ‘architectural’ product but a continually changing object. Following insights (among others) will be illustrated with built and unbuilt projects in the Netherlands. • The façade design, for example, figures prominently in designing flexible buildings. It makes special demands on the design’s presentation during the design process, as the building can assume different appearances over time. The double facade is a promising concept that allows for expressive and/or open facades in flexible buildings. It can also help to reduce a building’s energy consumption. • Also by deliberately incorporating excessive space and construction a building has the necessary leeway to accommodate future developments. A building’s flexibility is enhanced by oversize in structure as well as space. • A big multi−use building in Rotterdam (H. A. Maaskant / W. van Tijen (1951)) and recent projects of RUIMTELAB are presented as case−studies. These are an inspiration for architects and planners looking for design tools to help achieve an open architecture.
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Joseph, Benedicto, Tatiana Pogrebnaya, and Baraka Kichonge. "Semitransparent Building-Integrated Photovoltaic: Review on Energy Performance, Challenges, and Future Potential." International Journal of Photoenergy 2019 (October 20, 2019): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/5214150.
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Buildings consume large amounts of energy, and their transformation from energy users to producers has attracted increasing interest in the quest to help optimize the energy share, increasing energy efficiency and environmental protection. The use of energy-efficient materials is among the proposed approaches to increase the building’s energy balance, thus increasing the performance of building facades. Semitransparent building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV), being one of the technologies with the potential to increase a building’s energy efficiency, is considered as a feasible method for renewable power generation to help buildings meet their own load, thus serving dual purposes. Semitransparent BIPV integration into buildings not only displaces conventional building facade materials but also simultaneously generates energy while retaining traditional functional roles. The awareness in improving building energy efficiency has increased as well as the awareness in promoting the use of clean or renewable energy technologies. In this study, semitransparent BIPV technology is reviewed in terms of energy generation, challenges, and ways to address limitations which can be used as a reference for the BIPV stakeholders.
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Rieser, Alexander, Rainer Pfluger, Alexandra Troi, Daniel Herrera-Avellanosa, Kirsten Engelund Thomsen, Jørgen Rose, Zeynep Durmuş Arsan, et al. "Integration of Energy-Efficient Ventilation Systems in Historic Buildings—Review and Proposal of a Systematic Intervention Approach." Sustainability 13, no. 4 (February 20, 2021): 2325. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13042325.
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Historic building restoration and renovation requires sensitivity to the cultural heritage, historic value, and sustainability (i.e., building physics, energy efficiency, and comfort) goals of the project. Energy-efficient ventilation such as demand-controlled ventilation and heat recovery ventilation can contribute to the aforementioned goals, if ventilation concepts and airflow distribution are planned and realized in a minimally invasive way. Compared to new buildings, the building physics of historic buildings are more complicated in terms of hygrothermal performance. In particular, if internal insulation is applied, dehumidification is needed for robust and risk-free future use, while maintaining the building’s cultural value. As each ventilation system has to be chosen and adapted individually to the specific building, the selection of the appropriate system type is not an easy task. For this reason, there is a need for a scientifically valid, systematic approach to pair appropriate ventilation system and airflow distribution solutions with historical buildings. This paper provides an overview of the interrelationships between heritage conservation and the need for ventilation in energy-efficient buildings, regarding building physics and indoor environmental quality. Furthermore, a systematic approach based on assessment criteria in terms of heritage significance of the building, building physics (hygrothermal performance), and building services (energy efficiency, indoor air quality, and comfort rating) according to the standard EN 16883:2017 are applied.
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Karakale, Vail. "Use of Structural Steel Frames for Structural Restoration of URM Historical Buildings in Seismic Areas." Journal of Earthquake and Tsunami 11, no. 04 (October 2017): 1750012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793431117500129.
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Historic buildings and monuments are an important part of our cultural heritage that must be protected and their sustainability ensured, especially when earthquakes occur. In this paper, a technique that uses structural steel frames is proposed as one way of strengthening unreinforced masonry (URM) in historical buildings. The idea underpinning this technique is to reduce the earthquake displacement demand on non-ductile URM walls by attaching steel frames to the building floors from inside. These frames run parallel to the structural system of the building and are fixed at their base to the existing foundation of the building. Furthermore, they are constructed rapidly, do not occupy architectural space, save the building’s historic fabric, and can be easily replaced after an earthquake if some minor damage ensues. The proposed technique was applied to a five-story historical masonry building in Istanbul. The results of seismic performance analysis indicate that even though the building has plan irregularities, the proposed steel frames are able to effectively enhance the building’s seismic performance by reducing inter-story drifts and increasing lateral stiffness and strength.
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Cui, De Qin. "Extend Building Life and Promote Building Energy Efficiency." Advanced Materials Research 1073-1076 (December 2014): 1239–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1073-1076.1239.
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Building "short-lived" phenomenon is very common in China. It is extremely wasteful for a developing country with limited resources and financial resources (per capita). Any green low carbon, energy saving and environmental protection without building safety would like water without a source, and a tree without roots. Extending the building life, based on Chinese current situation, mainly starts out here from two aspects of new buildings and the existing buildings, and need strengthen government regulation. Fundamentally extend building life and promote building energy efficiency.
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Martinopoulos, Georgios, Anna Serasidou, Panagiota Antoniadou, and Agis M. Papadopoulos. "Building Integrated Shading and Building Applied Photovoltaic System Assessment in the Energy Performance and Thermal Comfort of Office Buildings." Sustainability 10, no. 12 (December 7, 2018): 4670. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10124670.
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Non-residential and more specifically office buildings are, nowadays, an integral part of the building stock and milestones of urban areas in most of the developed and developing countries all over the world. Compared to other building types, office buildings present some of the highest specific energy consumption rates. In the present study, a typical nine-story office is assessed for a number of different building integrated retrofitting measures. Measurements of indoor environmental conditions were used in order to validate the developed simulation model of the building in EnergyPlus. Then, a number of different building integration options for photovoltaic systems and shading options are examined, in order to evaluate the best option in terms of indoor air quality, thermal comfort and energy consumption. The amount of electricity produced can meet 65% of the building’s annual electricity requirements, while the shading options can reduce energy requirements by as much as 33%. Although this in not a value that can be dismissed easily, it becomes clear that further—and more deeply aiming—measures are needed, if the building is to achieve near zero energy status.
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Amoruso, Fabrizio, Udo Dietrich, and Thorsten Schuetze. "Development of a Building Information Modeling-Parametric Workflow Based Renovation Strategy for an Exemplary Apartment Building in Seoul, Korea." Sustainability 10, no. 12 (November 29, 2018): 4494. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10124494.
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Apartments in South Korea have high maintenance costs and an average lifetime of 25 years due to poor construction qualities. The common apartment redevelopment strategy is completely demolishing the neighborhoods and then replacing them with new buildings. However, this research discusses the framework for the refurbishment of an existing building in Seoul using Building Information Modeling (BIM) and parametric tools. The virtual model of an exemplary existing building is constructed in a BIM environment. Parametric software is used to simulate the building’s environmental performance, in order to determine its energy demand for heating and cooling and the indoor comfort. In order to reduce the energy demand for heating and cooling, improve the indoor comfort, generate photovoltaic energy and extend the building’s lifetime, a modular building envelope renovation system is developed. Building simulation results of the improved building envelope are used to quantify the differences with the existing building. The research results illustrate significant improvements in energy performance, comfort and lifetime extension that can be achieved. Furthermore, a guideline for a streamlined building optimization process is provided, that can be transferred and used for the planning and optimization of other building renovation projects.
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Levermore, Geoffrey. "Time constants for understanding building dynamics." Building Services Engineering Research and Technology 41, no. 3 (December 4, 2019): 234–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0143624419892224.
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Building dynamics are key to summer overheating, plant sizing and ventilation strategies. Building designers need to consider the thermal mass of a building explicitly to understand fully a building’s response. Simulation programs readily show the dynamic responses but they are deduced from the solution of embedded intrinsic differential equations without simple understanding for initial design and appreciation. The admittance method gives such a simple understanding but the thermal mass effects are not obvious. Added to which the admittance is limited to a regular 24 h cycles of heat gains and losses. The Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers (CIBSE) response factor is an approximation to the response of a building but it is limited to defining just slow or fast responses. Frequently, designers refer to heavyweight and lightweight buildings or even long and short time constants. The latter are simple and understandable. This paper explores the time constants and derives a simple multiple time constant equation to indicate thermal storage in a building. It is suggested that the simple time constant for building components is added to the data in the next edition of the CIBSE Guide A. This will aid designers in understanding a building’s winter heating and potential summer overheating and plant size implications.
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Kirankumar, Gorantla, Shaik Saboor, Putta Ranga Talanki Setty, and Ashok Babu. "Effect of Various External Shading Devices on Windows for Minimum Heat Gain and Adequate Day lighting into Buildings of Hot and Dry Climatic Zone in India." MATEC Web of Conferences 144 (2018): 04008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201814404008.
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Glass is the major component of the building envelope to provide visual comfort to inside the buildings. In général clear and bronze glass was used as a main building envelope for both residential and commercial buildings to provide better day lighting into the buildings. If we use more glass area as a building envelope more radiation allows into the buildings. So that it is necessary to reduce more solar radiation and provide sufficient daylight factor inside the building's through glass windows with the help of external devices called shading devices. In this work four shading devices was tried on bronze glass window to find the heat gain and daylighting into buildings. This paper presents the experimental measurement of spectral characteristics of bronze glass which include transmission and reflection in entire solar spectrum region (300nm-2500nm) based on ASTM standards. A MATLAB code was developed to compute visible and solar optical properties as per the British standards. A building model was designed by design builder software tool. 40% window to wall ratio was considered for building models, thermal and day lighting analysis of buildings through windows was carried out in Energy plus software tool for hot and dry climatic zone of India.
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Larson, Gerald R., and Roula Mouroudellis Geraniotis. "Toward a Better Understanding of the Evolution of the Iron Skeleton Frame in Chicago." Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 46, no. 1 (March 1, 1987): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/990144.
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William Le Baron Jenney and the Home Insurance Building have been given a pivotal position in many of the early histories of modern architecture, a reputation that has been consistently embroiled in controversy during the building's 100-year history. The context of the Home Insurance Building in Chicago's commercial building milieu immediately prior to Jenney's design of 1884 reveals that tall buildings constructed before the Home Insurance Building were called skyscrapers. Many of these earlier buildings, in fact, were even taller than the final height of the Home Insurance Building. A technical analysis of Jenney's final structural design reveals that it was neither conceived nor detailed as a rigid, independent iron frame. A recently discovered article on the potential of iron framing published by Chicago architect Frederick Baumann in March 1884, before Jenney even started designing the Home Insurance Building, not only disputes Jenney's reputation as the "father of the iron skeleton frame," but also exposes the antiquated nature of Jenney's actual structure and detailing.
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Yin, Xue Bin, and Si Yuan Lin. "Transformation and Reuse of Changchun City’s Industrial Legacy Building." Advanced Materials Research 1030-1032 (September 2014): 2445–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1030-1032.2445.
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This article through the research of industrial current situation in Changchun, recalling the development history of industrial buildings in Changchun and the industrial legacy building's formation reasons, analyzes industrial legacy building's renovation, reuse of the meaning and value, finally, based on Changchun City's territorial, proposed industrial legacy building renovation, reuse of methods and principles.
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Englekirk, R. E., and T. A. Sabol. "Strengthening Buildings to a Life Safety Criterion." Earthquake Spectra 7, no. 1 (February 1991): 81–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.1585613.
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This paper presents an approach to seismically strengthen buildings to a life-safety criterion. Existing buildings do not comply with most provisions of modern model building codes and, as a result, are often considered seismically deficient. Buildings identified as seismic hazards are often not rehabilitated because the cost of the rehabilitation proves uneconomical, but the buildings usually continue in use because there are no funds to replace the structure. Building occupants continue to be exposed to hazardous conditions until building owners are forced to rehabilitate or demolish the structure by legally mandated seismic rehabilitate programs. Attainment of economical strengthening schemes requires that one identify essential goals and approach the seismic rehabilitation problem from the perspective of trying to achieve these goals. If prevention of building collapse and preservation of life-safety are the objectives of seismic rehabilitation, acceptance of higher levels of building damage may be an acceptable tradeoff for a reduction in the seismic rehabilitation cost. Explicit consideration of the building's available ductility, existing stiffness, and permissible lateral displacement permit the introduction of strengthening systems that address the fundamental weaknesses in the existing building. This limits the expenditure of funds to that required to achieve the required level of life safety without having to spend money to unreasonably reduce damage levels.
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Balas, Marius, Jelena Nikolic, Ramona Lile, Mihaela Popa, and Roxana Beiu. "INTELLIGENT ROOFTOP GREENHOUSES AND GREEN SKYLINE CITIES." SWS Journal of EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCES 1, no. 2 (October 1, 2019): 15–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.35603/eps2019/issue2.02.
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The paper proposes a new concept of green building, able to oppose the global warming, the Intelligent Rooftop Greenhouse iRTG, as a development of the Integrated Rooftop Greenhouse IRTG. Our approach is to replace conventional roofs with IRTGs, which are constructively connected with the interior of the building by flows of energy, gazes (mainly O2 enriched air from RTG to building and CO2 enriched air from building to RTG) and water in order to improve the building’s metabolism. A tight human-plant symbiosis is created such way. iRTGs perfect this architecture by actively controlling the energy, gazes and water flows, by collecting the available renewable energy resources (geothermal, sun, wind) and by adding Internet of Things IOT features to the system, in order to connect it to a surrounding Smart City. This way iRTGs may achieve an efficient integrated management of energy, gases and water, using just existing technologies: heat pumps (water to water for building’s basement and air to air for greenhouse), solar panels, IOT equipment, etc., controlled in a smart/intelligent manner. If a Smart City is composed mostly of iRTG buildings it becomes a Smart Green Skyline City, with low carbon footprint and high carbon offset. The paper provides a mathematical iRTG model.
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Xu, Wu Di, and Kai Su. "Research of Protection Technology of Ancient Building’s Information Digital Base on GIS." Advanced Materials Research 450-451 (January 2012): 851–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.450-451.851.
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The one of the ancient building’s important values is the historical and cultural information, in some sense, the protection of ancient building is to protect this information. Take advantage of the technology of information, we collect the information of ancient building, and in the way of database to save the information, achieve the protection of ancient building’s information. Relative to the protection of the actual ancient building, the protection of information could rapid to achieve the goal and reduce the cost. Unexpected disasters often cause serious damage to ancient buildings, only the protection of information could keep the information of ancient building for long time. The information of ancient building including information of the graph and attributes, there are the same properties with the geographical information. Take advantage of the technology of GIS, create 3D graph of the ancient building’s unity, component and structure, and collect the information of material, paint, dimension for each component, establish attribute table, connect the graph with attributes, achieve the integrative management of the ancient building’s graph and attributes. The database which is formed by the protection of ancient building’s information, it is the base which produced 3d virtual and digital ancient building through computer technology, meanwhile, digital information for the purpose of research and protection of the actual ancient building has important reference value.
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Li, Wang. "A Study on Building Energy Efficiency and Low-Carbon Building." Advanced Materials Research 512-515 (May 2012): 2848–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.512-515.2848.
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Resource shortage and people’s concern about carbon emissions will greatly influence building energy efficiency. Building energy efficiency is the basis for achieving carbon reduction and it should develop into low-carbon building. After introducing the concept of low-carbon buildings, this paper analyzes the important role technology plays in low-carbon building development and proposes several energy-efficiency measures concerning new building construction, old building transformation and low carbon lifestyle. The paper aims to be of help in promoting the development of low-carbon buildings.
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Ekström, Tomas, Stephen Burke, Lars-Erik Harderup, and Jesper Arfvidsson. "Proposed method for probabilistic risk analysis using building performance simulations and stochastic parameters." E3S Web of Conferences 172 (2020): 25005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017225005.
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As parts of the world continue the work of mitigating the impact of climate change, many countries strive for continued reductions in energy demand from buildings by implementing more stringent building regulations. Consequently, the importance of accurate and efficient building performance simulations to predict the energy use of a building design increases. As observed in earlier studies, there are performance gaps between the predicted annual energy demand from building energy performance simulations based on deterministic methods compared to the monitored annual energy use of a building. This paper presents a preliminary method developed using probabilistic methods for risk analysis and building performance simulations to predict the energy performance of buildings using stochastic parameters. The method is used to calculate the probability for the energy performance of a building design to fulfil the energy requirements. The consequences are quantified using an example of energy performance contracting to evaluate the inherent risk of a building’s design. The method was demonstrated in a case study and validated by comparing the results in energy performance and probability of failure against measured data from 26 single-family houses.
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Raji, Babak, Martin J. Tenpierik, and Andy van den Dobbelsteen. "A COMPARATIVE STUDY: DESIGN STRATEGIES FOR ENERGY-EFFICIENCY OF HIGH-RISE OFFICE BUILDINGS." Journal of Green Building 11, no. 1 (March 2016): 134–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3992/jgb.11.1.134.1.
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Tall buildings are being designed and built across a wide range of cities. A poorly designed tall building can tremendously increase the building's appetite for energy. Therefore, this paper aims to determine the design strategies that help a high-rise office building to be more energy efficient. For this purpose, a comparative study on twelve case buildings in three climate groups (temperate, sub-tropical & tropical) was performed. The exterior envelope, building form and orientation, service core placement, plan layout, and special design elements like atria and sky gardens were the subject of investigation. effectiveness of different design strategies for reducing the cooling, heating, ventilation and electric lighting energy usage. Finally, lessons from these buildings' were defined for the three climates. Furthermore, a comparison of building energy performance data with international benchmarks confirmed that in temperate and sub-tropical climates sustainable design strategies for high-rise buildings were performing well, as a result leading to lower energy consumption. However, for the tropics the design of high-rise buildings needs additional consideration.
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Tran, H., and K. Khoshelham. "BUILDING CHANGE DETECTION THROUGH COMPARISON OF A LIDAR SCAN WITH A BUILDING INFORMATION MODEL." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W13 (June 5, 2019): 889–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w13-889-2019.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Building Information Models (BIMs) are of paramount importance in lifecycle management of buildings as they enable collaboration among various stakeholders at different phases of a construction project, from planning to maintenance and operation. However, there is usually inconsistency between the as-is condition of the building and its existing BIM, because BIMs are generally not updated to reflect changes in the environment. Monitoring the changes during a building’s lifecycle and keeping the BIM up-to-date is useful for a variety of applications. Yet this process often involves manual surveying inspections, which are very time-consuming, error-prone, and laborious. In this paper, we present an automated approach for building change detection through a comparison between the BIM and a point cloud of the building indoor environment. The approach is based on point classification and surface coverage to identify discrepancies between the BIM and the point cloud. Experiments on a synthetic dataset and an ISPRS Benchmark dataset show the potential of the proposed approach not only for change detection and identifying discrepancies, but also for locating the removed and new structures of the building in comparison with the BIM. The results are useful for updating the BIM to represent the as-is condition of the building and for temporal analysis of changes during a building’s lifecycle.</p>
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Yang, S. W., J. J. Ma, and J. M. Wang. "RESERCH ON SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL DISTRIBUTION OF COLOR STEEL BUILDING BASED ON MULTI-SOURCE HIGH-RESOLUTION SATELLITE IMAGERY." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-3 (April 30, 2018): 2101–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-3-2101-2018.
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As representative vulnerable regions of the city, dense distribution areas of temporary color steel building are a major target for control of fire risks, illegal buildings, environmental supervision, urbanization quality and enhancement for city’s image. In the domestic and foreign literature, the related research mainly focuses on fire risks and violation monitoring. However, due to temporary color steel building’s special characteristics, the corresponding research about temporal and spatial distribution, and influence on urban spatial form etc. has not been reported. Therefore, firstly, the paper research aim plans to extract information of large-scale color steel building from high-resolution images. Secondly, the color steel plate buildings were classified, and the spatial and temporal distribution and aggregation characteristics of small (temporary buildings) and large (factory building, warehouse, etc.) buildings were studied respectively. Thirdly, the coupling relationship between the spatial distribution of color steel plate and the spatial pattern of urban space was analysed. The results show that there is a good coupling relationship between the color steel plate building and the urban spatial form. Different types of color steel plate building represent the pattern of regional differentiation of urban space and the phased pattern of urban development.
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Lu, Xi Lin, Wen Sheng Lu, and Xin Zhang. "New Resolution for Historic Building Conservation by Building Moving Technology." Advanced Materials Research 133-134 (October 2010): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.133-134.19.
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To contradict from the rapid development of economy and urban construction, the conservation and strengthening of historic buildings are becoming more and more important and requiring more wisdoms and new technologies. A new resolution for protecting historic buildings by building moving technology is introduced and discussed with several application projects. Firstly, three building moving methods are presented which include moving building with rolling bars, moving building with slide layer and moving building by trailer transportation. Secondly, control system and structural state monitoring for building moving are described. Lastly some completed historic building moving projects are introduced for demonstrations of this technology application.
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Ziembicki, Piotr. "Optimization of building design process by using energy simulation tools." MATEC Web of Conferences 174 (2018): 01033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201817401033.
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Requirements concerning energy efficiency of buildings, as well as the emission of energy sources working for their needs, are constantly growing. It is related to the Polish law, as well as European Union directives. It is obvious that in the coming years, further regulations and directives will impose additional requirements in this area. Therefore, the requirements for the operation of buildings and process of their designing are changing already today. In the past, the design process, in particular in the aspect of energy consumption, was based primarily on the procedures of static analysis of the building's structure (partitions, glazing, etc.). A typical calculation of a building heat demand did not take into account other aspects of the building's operation, such as user behaviour, heat gains or thermal accumulation of the building. Therefore, in modern designing, it is extremely important to use advanced computer techniques to develop a detailed balance of energy, which takes into account all its useful forms, including heat and electricity. Only such a comprehensive approach will render it possible to achieve the energy efficiency indicators required by law, as well as an economically efficient operation of the building, with a minimal bad influence on the environment. In general, the manuscript presents methods of comprehensive computer energy simulation of buildings, which can be used for optimal designing of buildings for any purpose. The article also presents an overview of available computer tools, which are recommended for the building design process. There are also some examples of using a simulation software for the analysis of residential buildings, along with the analysis of the results of energy simulations carried out with its help.
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Kennedy, Joseph. "Building Blocks, Building Books, Building Rooms." Thresholds 46 (May 2018): 344–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/thld_a_00046.
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Laurini, E., M. Rotilio, M. Lucarelli, and P. De Berardinis. "TECHNOLOGY 4.0 FOR BUILDINGS MANAGEMENT: FROM BUILDING SITE TO THE INTERACTIVE BUILDING BOOK." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W11 (May 4, 2019): 707–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w11-707-2019.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> The main result of the research that we intend to illustrate is the connection between the contents of 4.0 Industry (Ciribini 2018), and the information sharing with BIM design (Lucarelli 2018), through the insertion into a single data container (black storage box), of all the sensors inherent to the entire building process, to monitor the building from the early construction phases and obtain a precise history about it. The goal is to create an "As Built" model flanked by the interactive digital building book, capable of an automatic upgrade depending on the variation of the monitored data during the useful life of the building.</p><p>The aim of this project is to exploit the use of IoT (Gabriele 2015), for the data communication to the black box (Smart Monitoring Building Box – SMBBox) installed in the building from the beginning of the construction site, in order to initially monitor the status work progress and safety management on site, and subsequently, thanks to the combination with the BIM model for data management, it will be possible to digitize the physical and functional characteristics of the case study object.</p><p>The methodological approach is based on the following steps: BIM modeling; sensor design and installation and data container; data collected updating; "As Built" model creation; Interactive building Drafting. This method is being carried out on a restricted building located in the historic center of L'Aquila, subject to seismic improvement as a result of the damage caused by the 2009 earthquake.</p>
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Kim, Sumin, and Paul Osmond. "Analyzing green building rating tools for healthcare buildings from the building user’s perspective." Indoor and Built Environment 23, no. 5 (April 26, 2013): 757–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1420326x13480223.
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Chen, Shang Yuan. "USE OF GREEN BUILDING INFORMATION MODELING IN THE ASSESSMENT OF NET ZERO ENERGY BUILDING DESIGN." Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management 27, no. 3 (September 19, 2019): 174–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/jeelm.2019.10797.
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In the face of extreme climate, Net Zero Energy Buildings (NZEBs) represent a very high standard of building energy conservation. The design of NZEBs requires continuous design improvement and analysis in a decision-making process that seeks to meet energy conservation goals. This paper recommends the use of green Building Information Modelling (BIM) to support the design of zero-energy buildings. The design of NZEBs requires two sets of tasks: First, it requires determination of whether the building will offer high-energy efficiency, and, second, it lacks the installation of sufficient renewable energy equipment to meet the building’s load needs. After drawing on the spirit of the United States’ Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design and considering the current situation in Taiwan, this paper recommends the use of electricity Energy Usage Intensity as a measurement unit providing a holistic indicator of energy usage and takes optimized energy performance as a performance target for various solutions. This study demonstrated procedural steps in the application of green BIM and analyzed restrictions on the implementation of green BIM to the analysis of NZEB design.
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Gupta, R., M. Kapsali, and M. Gregg. "Comparative building performance evaluation of a ‘sustainable’ community centre and a public library building." Building Services Engineering Research and Technology 38, no. 6 (June 26, 2017): 691–710. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0143624417717202.
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This paper uses a forensic building performance evaluation approach to undertake a comparative evaluation of the in-use energy and environmental performance data (collected over two years) of two civic buildings located in Southeast England – a small community centre (<1000 m2) and a medium-sized public library building (∼4500 m2), which are designed to high sustainability standards (EPC A rating) and low heating demand met by on-site low/zero carbon technologies. Although both buildings achieved measured air-permeability rates of ∼5 m3/h.m2, they encountered similar issues related to poor documentation of ‘as-built’ drawings, poor handover and guidance, problems with integrating and maintaining new technologies (heat pumps, biomass boilers and solar thermal), lack of calibration of sub-meters, and issues with automatic window controls. However, the actual annual energy use of the community centre is similar to the design prediction, while it is almost double the prediction in the case of the library building. This is because the community centre management team overcame some of the issues through their continuous engagement and interest in the building’s performance, whereas the management team of the Library building failed to engage with energy management, resulting in disuse of the biomass boiler and solar thermal system. Practical application: Comparative building performance evaluation (BPE) systematically reveals the similarities and differences in the actual energy and environmental performance of two ‘sustainable’ civic buildings. Careful management of heating and electricity loads, good occupant control over the indoor environment and high performance of low-carbon technologies in the Community Centre results in the building performing better than good practice benchmark. Regular changes in facility management (FM) staff result in inadequate energy management and control over heating, ventilation and lighting, that undermines occupant comfort and leads to excessive energy use in the library building. For civic buildings to perform as designed, it is vital that metering, sub-metering and controls are set up, commissioned and used properly by the FM team. Design teams should ensure that easy-to-understand user guides are made available before handover for FM and occupants.