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Von, Durckheim-Montmartin Luise Alais. "Does South Africa need a statutory business judgement rule?" Diss., University of Pretoria, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/26628.
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Denzel, Stefanie. "Die Neutralitätspflicht im europäischen Übernahmerecht ein Vergleich mit dem US-amerikanischen System der modified business judgement rule." Hamburg Kovač, 2005. http://www.verlagdrkovac.de/3-8300-1995-5.htm.
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Matažinskaitė, Agnė. "Verslo sprendimo vertinimo taisyklės taikymo Lietuvos teisinėje sistemoje galimybės." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2013. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2013~D_20130626_185326-62941.
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Šio darbo tikslas – ištirti verslo sprendimo vertinimo taisyklės galimybes Lietuvos teisinėje sistemoje. Šiam tikslui pasiekti pasitelkiami ryškiausi bendrosios ir kontinentinės teisės sistemų atskirų valstybių verslo sprendimo vertinimo taisyklės taikymo pavyzdžiai. Darbe analizuojama šios taisyklės samprata pasirinktose valstybėse bei Lietuvos teisinėje sistemoje. Taip pat darbe keliamas klausimas ar Lietuvos teisinėje sistemoje apskritai egzistuoja verslo sprendimo vertinimo taisyklė. Pažymima, jog šiuo metu Lietuvoje egzistuoja nuomonių dėl verslo sprendimo vertinimo taisyklės egzistavimo dualumas tarp Lietuvos mokslininkų.
Analizuojant verslo sprendimo sampratą, pastebimas ir užsienio valstybių mokslininkų nuomonių dėl verslo sprendimo vertinimo taisyklės taikymo daugiareikšmiškumas. Ši taisyklė gali būti suprantama kaip atsakomybės standartas, numatanti kaip įmonės valdymo organų nariai turi vykdyti jiems nustatytas pareigas, kaip teisminio susilaikymo doktrina, užkertanti kelią teismams vertinti priimamų verslo sprendimų esmę bei ją keisti, bei netgi kaip neliečiamybės doktrina. Taip pat verslo sprendimo vertinimo taisyklė turi procesinę bei materialią dalis. Pažymima, jog pagal tai, kaip konkrečios valstybės teisinėje sistemoje ši taisyklė įtvirtinama, skiriami skirtingi jos taikymo modeliai. Toks verslo sprendimo vertinimo taisyklės daugiareikšmiškumas sąlygoja šios taisyklės taikymo galimybių ribas, kurios darbe vertinamos Lietuvos teisinės sistemos atžvilgiu.
... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]The aim of this paper is to examine the possibilities of application of the business judgement rule in Lithuanian legal system. In order to achieve this aim, the most prominent cases of application of the business judgement rule in different common and continental law countries are analysed. The paper also compares the conception of this rule in selected countries and in Lithuanian legal system. The analysis of the descriptions, although short, of the business judgement rule found in the works of Lithuanian scholars, has shown a dual approach to the application of the business judgement rule. The paper also raises the question of the existence of this rule in Lithuanian legal system. The analysis of the conception of business judgement rule has also demonstrated various attitudes to the application of this rule among foreign scholars. This rule can be regarded as standard of liability, indicating the way in which the members of the company’s management bodies have to perform their duties; as judicial abstention doctrine, preventing courts from evaluating and changing the essence of business decisions; even as doctrine of immunity. In addition, the business judgement rule consists of two components, including procedural and material ones. It is noted that the rule has different models of application depending on the way it is established in the legal system of a country. Such variation of attitudes to the business judgement rule determines the boundaries of its application... [to full text]
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Sobczyk, Justyna Angelika. "La Business Judgment Rule : l'essai sur les sources de la règle." Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010270/document.
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La première source de la business judgment rule a été la jurisprudence. Celle-ci a été la source des codifications incitatives et contraignantes. Nos recherches ont mis en évidence deux types de formulations de la business judgment rule. Le premier type est la formulation prétorienne lato sensu et stricto sensu. Le second type est la formulation codifiée (Model Business Corporation Act, Corporate Director's Guidebook, Principles of Corporate Governance, lois limitant la responsabilité personnelle des dirigeants). De plus, nos recherches ont dégagé 9 types de termes qui se retrouvent dans tous les types des formulations. Les 4 premiers types de termes correspondent respectivement (1) aux pouvoirs des dirigeants et à leur discrétion, (2) au statut des dirigeants, (3) aux devoirs des dirigeants, (4) aux degrés de devoirs requis et à la gravité de la transgression de ces devoirs sanctionnée (standard of conduct). Les cinq types de termes suivants correspondent respectivement (1) au droit à l'erreur, (2) à la présomption de comportement/conduite, (3) au refus d'un contrôle judiciaire, (4) à la charge de la preuve, (5) à la justification de la business judgment rule (standard of revision). Les deux différences fondamentales entre les formulations de la business judgment rule sont les suivantes. La première différence se situe au niveau des conditions d'application de la règle et concerne la relation entre le standard de conduite, c'est-à-dire le type des devoirs, le degré des devoirs et la gravité de la transgression des devoirs, et le standard de responsabilité, c'est-à-dire les devoirs examinés quand la business judgment rule s'applique. La seconde différence fondamentale entre les formulations se situe au niveau des effets de la règle et concerne l'étendue d'un contrôle judiciaire sur le résultat de l'action ou de l'omission des dirigeants, c'est-à-dire le prix grossièrement inadéquat, l'abus de discrétion, le dépassement grossier, etcThe first source of the « business judgment rule » is the jurisprudence. The jurisprudence was the source of the « soft law » and « hard law » codifications. The research showed two types of formulations of the « business judgment rule ». The first type is the jurisprudence formulation lato sensu_and stricto sensu. The second type is the codification formulation (Mode) Business Corporation Act, Corporate Director's Guidebook, Principles of Corporate Governance, lois limitant la responsabilité personnelle des dirigeants). The research showed nine types of terms which may be found in the formulations of the « business judgment rule». The first four terms correspond respectively to (1) the powers of the governors of the corporation and their discretion ; (2) their status ; (3) their duties, and (4) the degree of their duties. This first type of terms constitutes the standard of conduct. The next five types of terms correspond respectively to (1) the right to the error; (2) the presumption of the conduct; (3) the refusal of judicial review; (4) the burden of proof; (5) the justification of the « business judgment rule ». This second type of terms constitutes the standard of revision. There are two fundamental differences between the formulations of the « business judgment rule ». The first difference is situated at the level of the conditions of application of the « business judgment rule », and concerns the relations between the standard of conduct and the standard of revision. The second difference is situated at the level of the effects of the « business judgment rule » and concerns the scope of judicial review
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Van, Schoor Lindie. "Directors fiduciary duty to act in the best interest of the company - Is the business judgement rule being abused by directors to prevent liability?" Diss., University of Pretoria, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/77481.
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Direkteure se vertouensplig in Suid-Afrika se maatskappyereg is afgelei van die Romeins-Holandse reg terwyl die plig van sorg van Engelse reg afkomstig is. Hierdie pligte is deurlopend ontwikkel deur die interpretasie van regspraak asook addisionele beginsels wat deur die verskeie King verslae aanvaar is, welke beginsels geag word as internationale beste praktyke. Die Suid-Afrikaanse Maatskappyreg het 'n meer inklusiewe model aanvaar wat gely het tot die uitvaardiging van die Maatskappyewet 71 van 2008. Direkteure se vertrouensplig en plig van sorg is gedeeltelik gekodifiseer deur Artikel 76 van die Maatskappywet. Die insluiting van die sake-oordeelsreël ten einde addisionele beskerming aan direkteure te verskaf is gekritiseer deur verskeie akademici. Daar is onder meer benadruk dat die insluiting daarvan verwarring tussen die verskeie pligte meebring en onnodig is weens die gemenereg wat reeds voldoende daarvoor voorsiening maak. Huidige skandale en misbruik van direkteursmagte het die vraag laat ontstaan oor die onvermoë om direkteure aanspreeklik te hou vir die verbreking van hierdie direkteursverpligtinge. Verskeie lande en in besonder Duitsland en Australië se benadering en implimentering van die sake-oordeelsreël, is ondersoek. Weens die skade aan die maatskappy maar ook die gemeenskap as geheel is dit van uiterste belang dat die pligte van direkteure meer breedvoerig omskryf word en die toepassing van die sake-oordeelsreël ingeperk word.Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria 2020.
Mercantile Law
LLM
Unrestricted
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Pessenbacher, Stephen. "An analysis of the amalgamation and merger procedure in South African company law." University of the Western Cape, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6341.
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Magister Legum - LLM (Public Law and Jurisprudence)Prior to 2010, as a result of a sluggish global economy, the amalgamation and merger procedure in South Africa was active although it was at an all-time low.1 However, in 2010, there was an increase in amalgamation and merger activity in South Africa which was more pronounced in cross-border deals in South Africa and general corporate restructurings.2 As a result of this, as well as the developed infrastructure that was placed in preparation for the FIFA 2010 World Cup, the country attracted more and more foreign markets to invest in South Africa which contributed to the increasing rate of amalgamations and mergers.3 Nevertheless, the global recession has also contributed to the increase in amalgamations and merger activity as many companies in South Africa have merged to buck the negative trend that most companies find themselves in, increase their revenue and work with each other to advance the position of the company on a par with those of its competitors. However, there are various other reasons as to why companies consolidate their assets and liabilities. Recently, Tiso Blackstar, a merged investment holding company, consolidated their assets, liabilities and skills between Blackstar Plc and Tiso Investment Holdings to expand its operations and to seek investment opportunities in Africa which is boasting with economic growth.4 The company was of the opinion that the merger would not only enhance its scale and profitability, but it would also put the group on a new growth path.5 There are many benefits in which companies may reap from amalgamations and mergers, but elucidating them is beyond the scope of this research.
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Schmidt, Philip Peter [Verfasser]. "Die Relevanz der Business Judgement Rule (§ 93 Abs. 1 S. 2 AktG) für die Vorstandsuntreue : Unter Rückschluss auf die Handhabung des Untreuetatbestands bei der Beurteilung unternehmerischer Vorstandsentscheidungen / Philip Peter Schmidt." Frankfurt : Peter Lang GmbH, Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1080405348/34.
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Payet, Puccio Jose Antonio. "Transacciones entre partes relacionadas." IUS ET VERITAS, 2015. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/123670.
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A través del presente trabajo, el autor busca introducir al lector en la problemática actual sobre las transacciones entre partes relacionadas. Teniendo en cuenta dicha finalidad, el reconocido experto en Derecho societario realiza un análisis de la regulación de los distintos instrumentos existentes que apuntan a mitigar o resolver los problemas ocasionados en base a dichas transacciones. El autor inicia describiendo el panorama normativo que se encuentra en el Derecho Comparado para, luego, teniendo ello como base, realizar el escrutinio de la normativa peruana sobre el particular. Through this work, the author seeks to introduce the reader to the current problems on transactions between related parties. With this purpose in mind, the renowned expert in Corporate Law performs an analysis of the regulation of the various existing instruments that aim to mitigate or resolve the problems caused on the basis of such transactions. The author starts describing the regulatory landscape that is in Comparative Law. Then, having this as a basis; he carries out a scrutiny of the Peruvian legislation on the particular.
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Köhler, Karoline Henrike [Verfasser]. "Legal Judgement Rule : Konzeption zur Reformierung der Vorstandshaftung nach dem Aktiengesetz / Karoline Henrike Köhler." Frankfurt a.M. : Peter Lang GmbH, Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1161046755/34.
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Köhler, Karoline H. [Verfasser]. "Legal Judgement Rule : Konzeption zur Reformierung der Vorstandshaftung nach dem Aktiengesetz / Karoline Henrike Köhler." Frankfurt a.M. : Peter Lang GmbH, Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften, 2018. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:101:1-2018061315041421697670.
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Zaplatílek, Jakub. "Návrh řešení Business Rule Engine." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-11609.
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This diploma thesis defines the issue of Business Rule Approach and the technological aspects connected. The aim is to enclose this relatively new topic to the leader. This paper includes the essential techniques and recommendations for rule approach. The thesis includes basic definition of important terms and theoretical overview of used technology. Important point is to highlight the main benefits for a business people that come up from implementing rule based system into the company's information system. The part of this paper is exploring dependencies between business rules, processes and workflows. There are two classic ways to analyze and design information systems -- structure based and object based. According to business needs the new way arises -- the business rule approach. The practical part include concept of functional specification of an application using a module for analyzing a evaluating business rules. The basic policies how the Rule Engines are implemented into the information systems are specified in the technological chapter along with description. There are also elementary operations which can one do with the rules. In one part of the thesis is a description of an software tool developed by company named ILOG. It is called JRules and it provide a full-fledged tool by which you can design, develop, implement and test whole scale business rule projects.
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Lin, Zhenphin. "Analytical review and auditor judgement : an empirical study." Thesis, Glasgow Caledonian University, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.309389.
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Ghazali, Megat Mohamed. "Judgement analysis and decision making in property development." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1994. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/28018.
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This thesis discusses a detailed investigation into the relationships between the decision makers' judgement of the decision making factors and the development outcomes of office and shop developments. Consequently the most appropriate method that could possibly assist in the attainment of consistent decision making outcomes is identified. This research has taken the period between 1985–1990 to study the circumstances that prevailed in two contrasting situations, that of the buoyant 1985–1988 economic environment and the sudden decline from early 1989 onwards. Taking this study period enabled the analysis of moderately successful office and shop developments that might not have been available if only the boom period of 1985–1988 had been considered.
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Olofsson, Marcus, and Bobby Puttonen. "Structure and professional judgement in audit planning." Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Sektionen för Hälsa och Samhälle, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-8462.
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Auditor´s professional judgement is often discussed. The aim of this paper is to see how structure affects auditor’s professional judgement in audit planning. The empirical analysis is based on qualitative interviews with seven auditors with different experience. The study shows that there is not a trend toward less structure in audit firms, rather more. It is clear that auditor´s professional judgements are affected by the degree of structure and structure occurs in most of auditors’ work. The study shows that structure and professional judgements are not two separate things; instead they support each other. Even if auditors have access to structure when planning an audit they need to make professional judgements, especially when identify risks and decide materiality.
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Narmanli, Murat. "A Business Rule Approach To Requirements Traceability." Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12612399/index.pdf.
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In this thesis, a requirements traceability model is proposed in order to make efficient and effective change request impact analysis. The proposed model is a requirements &ndashrequirements traceability model. There are several researches regarding software requirements traceability problem. The main problem of these researches is that the proposed solutions can not be applied to software industry with affordable changes. However, current literature begins to see that describing all the software requirements in a huge black box is not so much applicable to today&rsquo
s more dynamic and bigger software projects, especially regarding change management. The proposed traceability model tries to be a solution to these problems. Change requests and business rules are two important and popular terms for today&rsquo
s software industry. The traceability model consists of three types of software requirements: data definitions, business rules and use cases. The traceability model proposes bidirectional traces between these types. Data definitions, business rules and use cases are related to each other and they all should be seen as parts of a software system which should work together to make the software system work properly. Empirical investigation is made on a real industrial software project. These types were configured in order to match to the project specific needs in a reconfigurable way. Experimental results show that the traceability model has an acceptable degree of correctness.
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Ohlsson, Jesper. "Enforcing Business Rules in E-Business Systems : A Survey of Business Rule Engines." Thesis, University of Skövde, School of Humanities and Informatics, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-22.
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E-business provides important opportunities of trade for businesses, and the supporting business system must handle this environment efficiently. One current trend in business systems is to move business logic, such as business processes and business rules, out from the application logic and into separate support systems. The reason to make this separation is to increase the agility of the business, to make the system able to change more rapidly when the business situation changes.
This report focus on business rules enforced in business rule engines. Specific interest is on how such rule engines meet the requirements of the e-business domain. The report presents an overview of business rule engines. Five general categories of characteristics are proposed. The proposed characteristics are then used in a comparison of three business rule engines.
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Jena, Jan-Ole [Verfasser]. "Die Business Judgment Rule im Prozess : Eine prozessrechtliche Betrachtung der Business Judgment Rule und Beweislastverteilung im Organhaftungsrecht / Jan-Ole Jena." Baden-Baden : Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1212397061/34.
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Resch, Sarah-Maria [Verfasser]. "Business Judgment Rule und Insolvenzverwalterhaftung / Sarah-Maria Resch." Baden-Baden : Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1195857543/34.
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Lindström, Moa. "The Business Judgment Rule : Tillämpningen i svensk rätt." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Handelshögskolan (from 2013), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-74699.
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Det har under en tid diskuterats huruvida den princip som i amerikansk rätt kallas the business judgment rule även förekommer i svensk rätt. Frågan har varit föremål för diskussion i flertalet artiklar och det är därför relevant att utreda huruvida principen förekommer i svensk rätt samt om en sådan princip kan anses vara förenlig med det skadeståndsansvar som styrelseledamöter har enligt 29 kap. 1 § ABL. Denna framställning syftar därför till att ge ett svar på om en princip likt the business judgment rule som förkommer i amerikansk rätt även förekommer i det svenska rättssystemet och om en sådan princip kan anses vara förenlig med 29 kap. 1 § ABL. För att utreda rättsläget har två metoder använts, den rättsdogmatiska metoden och den komparativa metoden, och den juridiska argumentationen i framställningen bygger på lagstiftning, förarbeten, rättspraxis och doktrin. The business judgment rule förekommer i den amerikanska aktiebolagsrätten och principen är en presumtion om att bolagsledningen vid beslutsfattande agerat utifrån en väl informerade grund, i god tro samt i övertygelsen om att beslutet fattats för aktiebolagets bästa. Principen har kommit att ta sin form genom the Supreme Courts i USA och inte direkt genom skriven lag vilket beror på att USA är ett s.k. common law land där rättstillämparen även är skaparen av rättsreglerna. För att principen ska vara tillämplig krävs att fyra rekvisit uppfylls, dessa är att det ska röra sig om ett beslut som fattats av en styrelseledamot och the triads of fiduciary duties. I svensk rätt regleras styrelseledamöters skadeståndsansvar i 29 kap. 1 § ABL och av paragrafen framkommer att en styrelseledamot som inom sitt uppdrag bringar skada till aktiebolaget, aktieägare eller tredje man genom uppsåt eller av oaktsamhet ska ersätta denna skada. Inom ramen för styrelseledamöters skadeståndsansvar enligt 29 kap. 1 § ABL finns såväl ett externt som ett internt skadeståndsansvar. För att en styrelseledamot ska kunna ställas ansvarig för en skada krävs att styrelseledamoten agerat oaktsamt, eller genom uppsåt, samt att det föreligger adekvat kausalitet mellan handlandet och den uppkomna skadan. Efter en genomgång av lagstiftning, förarbeten, prejudikat och doktrin på såväl det amerikanska som det svenska området kan konstateras att the business judgment rule som presumtion inte förekommer i de svenska regleringarna på området, varken i den allmänna skadeståndsrätten eller i ABL. Vissa rekvisit som förekommer i the business judgment rule kan däremot anses förekomma i såväl 29 kap. 1 § ABL som i rättstillämparens bedömningar. Rekvisitet för duty of care kan liknas med den culpabedömning som sker vid utredningen av om en person varit oaktsam i sitt handlande. Högsta domstolen har även i några rättsfall framfört att om en person fattar ett beslut som varit väl motiverat och med en informerad basis bör inte beslutet ifrågasättas, vilket även detta kan liknas med rekvisitet för duty of care samt det tankesätt som finns gällande the business judgment rule. Det kan även konstateras att om en princip likt the business judgment rule skulle komma att bli allmänt vedertagen i svensk rätt torde detta inte stå i strid med 29 kap. 1 § ABL.
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Smith, John Reed. "The economic value of auditing under a negligence liability rule." Connect to resource, 1989. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=osu1262787670.
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Košařová, Dita. "Postavení člena představenstva akciové společnosti po rekodifikaci." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-193291.
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New legal regulation of the private law contained in the New Civil Code and the Business Corporations Act has brought plenty of changes also in the status of a board of directors' member in a joint stock company. Both codes have brought new terminology, new institutes and clarification of the rules known from the legal regulation before the recodification. On one hand there is certain loosening in the decision making of statutory bodies of business corporations, on the other hand there is tightening of sanctions for cases of failure. This diploma thesis introduces major institutes of legal regulation related to the status of a board of directors' member and provides a basic comparison with the legal regulation before the recodification.
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Liu, Youzhong. "Rule warehouse system for knowledge sharing and business collaboration." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2001. http://etd.fcla.edu/etd/uf/2001/anp4027/Youzhong%5FLiu%5FDissertation.pdf.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Florida, 2001.Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xi, 121 p.; also contains graphics. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 113-120).
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Fischer, Stephan [Verfasser]. "Die Business Judgment Rule als typübergreifendes Institut. / Stephan Fischer." Berlin : Duncker & Humblot, 2018. http://d-nb.info/123844458X/34.
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Silva, Natália Cabral. "REFlex: rule engine for flexible processes." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2014. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/11954.
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license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-11T17:30:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 DISSERTAÇÃO Natália Cabral Silva.pdf: 2867606 bytes, checksum: 4e1c75788ce8db0420f34c1ca5195e63 (MD5) license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014
Diante do ambiente complexo e dinâmico encontrado nas empresas atualmente, o sistema tradicional de Workflow não está sendo flexível suficiente para modelar Processos de Negócio. Nesse contexto, surgiram os Processos Flexíveis que tem por principal objetivo suprir a necessidade de modelar processos menos estáticos. Processo declarativo é um tipo de processo flexível que permite os participantes decidirem a ordem em que as atividades são executadas através de regras de negócio. As regras de negócio determinam as restrições e obrigações que devem ser satisfeitas durante a execução. Tais regras descrevem o que deve ou não deve ser feito durante a execução do processo, mas não definem como. Os métodos e ferramentas atualmente disponíveis para modelar e executar processos declarativos apresentam várias limitações que prejudicam a sua utilização para este fim. Em particular, a abordagem que emprega lógica temporal linear (LTL) sofre do problema de explosão de estados a medida que o tamanho do modelo do processo cresce. Embora mecanismos eficientes em relação a memória terem surgido, eles não são capazes de adequadamente garantir a conclusão correta do processo, uma vez que permitem o usuário alcançar estados proibidos ou que causem deadlock. Além disso, as implementações atuais de ferramentas para execução de processos declarativos se concentram apenas em atividades manuais. Comunicação automática com aplicações externas para troca de dados e reutilização de funcionalidade não é suportado. Essas oportunidades de automação poderiam ser melhor exploradas por uma engine declarativa que se integra com tecnologias SOC existentes. Este trabalho propõe uma nova engine de regras baseada em grafo, chamado de REFlex. Tal engine não compartilha os problemas apresentados pelas abordagens disponíveis, sendo mais adequada para modelar processos de negócio declarativos. Além disso, REFlex preenche a lacuna entre os processos declarativos e SOC. O orquestrador REFlex é um orquestrador de serviços declarativo, eficiente e dependente de dados. Ele permite que os participantes chamem serviços externos para executar tarefas automatizadas. Diferente dos trabalhos relacionados, o algoritmo de REFlex não depende da geração de todos os estados alcançáveis, o que o torna adequado para modelar processos de negócios grandes e complexos. Além disso, REFlex suporta regras de negócio dependentes de dados, o que proporciona sensibilidade ao contexto.
Declarative business process modeling is a flexible approach to business process management in which participants can decide the order in which activities are performed. Business rules are employed to determine restrictions and obligations that must be satisfied during execution time. Such business rules describe what must or must not be done during the process execution, but do not prescribe how. In this way, complex control-flows are simplified and participants have more flexibility to handle unpredicted situations. The methods and tools currently available to model and execute declarative processes present several limitations that impair their use to this application. In particular, the well-known approach that employs Linear Temporal Logic (LTL) has the drawback of the state space explosion as the size of the process model grows. Although approaches proposing memory efficient methods have been proposed in the literature, they are not able to properly guarantee the correct termination of the process, since they allow the user to reach deadlock states. Moreover, current implementations of declarative business process engines focus only on manual activities. Automatic communication with external applications to exchange data and reuse functionality is barely supported. Such automation opportunities could be better exploited by a declarative engine that integrates with existing SOC technologies. This work proposes a novel graph-based rule engine called REFlex that does not share the problems presented by other engines, being better suited to model declarative business processes than the techniques currently in use. Additionally, such engine fills this gap between declarative processes and SOC. The REFlex orchestrator is an efficient, data-aware declarative web services orchestrator. It enables participants to call external web services to perform automated tasks. Different from related work, the REFlex algorithm does not depend on the generation of all reachable states, which makes it well suited to model large and complex business processes. Moreover, REFlex is capable of modeling data-dependent business rules, which provides unprecedented context awareness and modeling power to the declarative paradigm.
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Sailuenam, Kasem. "Business-government relations and income distribution in Chile post-military rule." Thesis, University of Essex, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.446018.
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Clayton, John. "Interaction with rule-bound systems : introducing a new 'ideal type' problem context." Thesis, University of Hull, 2004. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:7953.
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This PhD thesis introduces a new ideal-type problem context of rule-bound systems. The thesis has been generated through a belief in the ability of metaphor to make the abstract visible, its capacity to make the unfamiliar familiar, and its effectiveness as a legitimate means of generating insight and organizing knowledge. Metaphorical description remains an integral part of this thesis from beginning to end. It shows how the new context of rule-bound systems provides closure of the ideal problem context grid along the participants access. Following the ideas that created the basis for this closure, insight into a new role for systems practitioners is provided and the ideal problem context grid developed to form of a Torus. Part 1 outlines the theoretical foundations and other inspirations that underpin the thesis. Grounded on a wider definition of rules, including rules in both a formal and informal sense, multiple ways of viewing rules are highlighted. The characteristics of rule-bound systems are identified, drawing comparisons with other 'ideal-types'. Suggestions are also drawn out as to how change might be affected in a rule-bound context. Part II of this thesis is an account of a real world intervention informed by Critical Systems Thinking, carried out under the auspices of Participatory Action Research. A number of systems research methods and concepts were employed to investigate the participation of students in policy making in two contrasting senior schools in the North of England - organizations believed to present many of the characteristics of the rule-bound system. The approach used was one mixing methods, specifically, the creation of a symbiotic relationship between Soft Systems Methodology and Critical Systems Heuristics. Part III describes the process of reflection undertaken and the conclusion to the thesis.
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Gollan, Anna Katharina. "Vorstandshaftung in der Stiftung eine Untersuchung zur Anwendbarkeit der Business Judgment Rule." Köln München Heymann, 2008. http://d-nb.info/993614892/04.
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Wetherall, Jodie. "Investigation into an improved modular rule-based testing framework for business rules." Thesis, University of Greenwich, 2010. http://gala.gre.ac.uk/6602/.
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Rule testing in scheduling applications is a complex and potentially costly business problem. This thesis reports the outcome of research undertaken to develop a system to describe and test scheduling rules against a set of scheduling data. The overall intention of the research was to reduce commercial scheduling costs by minimizing human domain expert interaction within the scheduling process. This thesis reports the outcome of research initiated following a consultancy project to develop a system to test driver schedules against the legal driving rules in force in the UK and the EU. One of the greatest challenges faced was interpreting the driving rules and translating them into the chosen programming language. This part of the project took considerable effort to complete the programming, testing and debugging processes. A potential problem then arises if the Department of Transport or the European Union alter or change the driving rules. Considerable software development is likely to be required to support the new rule set. The approach considered takes into account the need for a modular software component that can be used in not just transport scheduling systems which look at legal driving rules but may also be integrated into other systems that have the need to test temporal rules. The integration of the rule testing component into existing systems is key to making the proposed solution reusable. The research outcome proposes an alternative approach to rule definition, similar to that of RuleML, but with the addition of rule metadata to provide the ability of describing rules of a temporal nature. The rules can be serialised and deserialised between XML (eXtensible Markup Language) and objects within an object oriented environment (in this case .NET with C#), to provide a means of transmission of the rules over a communication infrastructure. The rule objects can then be compiled into an executable software library, allowing the rules to be tested more rapidly than traditional interpreted rules. Additional support functionality is also defined to provide a means of effectively integrating the rule testing engine into existing applications. Following the construction of a rule testing engine that has been designed to meet the given requirements, a series of tests were undertaken to determine the effectiveness of the proposed approach. This lead to the implementation of improvements in the caching of constructed work plans to further improve performance. Tests were also carried out into the application of the proposed solution within alternative scheduling domains and to analyse the difference in computational performance and memory usage across system architectures, software frameworks and operating systems, with the support of Mono. Future work that is expected to follow on from this thesis will likely reside in investigations into the development of graphical design tools for the creation of the rules, improvements in the work plan construction algorithm, parallelisation of elements of the process to take better advantage of multi-core processors and off-loading of the rule testing process onto dedicated or generic computational processors.
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Shi, Yuan. "Integrated verification of constraints and event-and-action-oriented business rules." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2001. http://etd.fcla.edu/etd/uf/2001/anp1051/thesis%5Fyshi.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Florida, 2001.Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains ix, 68 p.; also contains graphics. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 64-67).
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Mahmoud, Oubay. "Managerial judgement and the real options approach in the investment appraisal process : evidence from the British automotive components manufacturers." Thesis, Bournemouth University, 2008. http://eprints.bournemouth.ac.uk/10309/.
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While there has been extensive research on the use of financial appraisal techniques (Pay back, Return on Capital Employed, Internal Rate of Return and Net Present Value) in the Investment Appraisal Process (lAP), little research has been conducted on the role of the Real Options Approach (ROA) and Managerial Judgement (MJ) in the IAP. In an ideal world, prior to making Strategic Investment Decisions (SIDs), a detailed analysis of the benefits generated by the investments would be conducted. This would cover financial and nonfinancial benefits. In practice, however, many investments are undertaken on the basis of financial returns with little or no analysis of the growth options embedded in the proposed investments. The exploitation of these options contributes to the enhancement of the business strategy as financial returns do. Essential to considering these options in the IAP is the deployment ofMJ inthe lAP. This thesis aims to make a sound contribution to the development of the emerging literature on capital budgeting. First, it provides a critical review of the existing investment appraisal literature. Second, it investigates whether or not British Automotive Components Manufacturers (BACMs) deploy the ROA and MJ in the lAP in order to accommodate the growth options. And fmally, it presents an alternative perspective of the IAP by the development of a conceptual framework that integrates the ROA & MJ into the lAP, while taking account ofproject risk and business strategy. This research draws on a 73-firm survey of finance directors in this industry enhanced by fieldwork (11 interviews) to set out the relative importance of the strategic approach (ROA informed by MJ) and financial analysis when making the SIDs. The findings from the survey show similar results to earlier studies in relation to the popularity of PB and the use of more than one financial technique in the lAP. However, in contrast to previous studies, DCF techniques seem to be less popular and higher usage of ROCE is evident, and no relationship is found between company size and the range and type of techniques used in the lAP. The main thrust of the findings of the statistical analysis is the absence of the formal adoption of the ROA in the IAP. However, the impact of the growth options regarding the deployment of MJ in the lAP appeared to be evident. The analysis shows that MJ is considered when assessing both investments with growth options and risky projects. The fieldwork provides insights into the context of the lAP and the factors that influence the deployment of the ROA and MJ in the lAP. Conclusions are drawn regarding the interrelationships between financial analysis and the ROA and MJ in the lAP. The integration of the ROA and MJ into the lAP appears to involve moving the focus of attention in the lAP away from financial analysis and a short-term perspective towards a more strategic perspective. More importantly, it contributes to bridging the gap between risk management and strategic analysis.
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Alqahtani, Ali. "Leveraging service-oriented business applications to a rigorous rule-centric dynamic behavioural architecture." Thesis, De Montfort University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/4535.
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Today’s market competitiveness and globalisation are putting pressure on organisations to join their efforts, to focus more on cooperation and interaction and to add value to their businesses. That is, most information systems supporting these cross-organisations are characterised as service-oriented business applications, where all the emphasis is put on inter-service interactions rather than intra-service computations. Unfortunately for the development of such inter-organisational service-oriented business systems, current service technology proposes only ad-hoc, manual and static standard web-service languages such as WSDL, BPEL and WS-CDL [3, 7]. The main objective of the work reported in this thesis is thus to leverage the development of service-oriented business applications towards more reliability and dynamic adaptability, placing emphasis on the use of business rules to govern activities, while composing services. The best available software-engineering techniques for adaptability, mainly aspect-oriented mechanisms, are also to be integrated with advanced formal techniques. More specifically, the proposed approach consists of the following incremental steps. First, it models any business activity behaviour governing any service-oriented business process as Event-Condition-Action (ECA) rules. Then such informal rules are made more interaction-centric, using adapted architectural connectors. Third, still at the conceptual-level, with the aim of adapting such ECA-driven connectors, this approach borrows aspect-oriented ideas and mechanisms, and proposes to intercept events, select the properties required for interacting entities, explicitly and separately execute such ECA-driven behavioural interactions and finally dynamically weave the results into the entities involved. To ensure compliance and to preserve the implementation of this architectural conceptualisation, the work adopts the Maude language as an executable operational formalisation. For that purpose, Maude is first endowed with the notions of components and interfaces. Further, the concept of ECA-driven behavioural interactions are specified and implemented as aspects. Finally, capitalising on Maude reflection, the thesis demonstrates how to weave such interaction executions into associated services.
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Göppert, Jan. "Die Reichweite der Business Judgment Rule bei unternehmerischen Entscheidungen des Aufsichtsrats der Aktiengesellschaft." Berlin Duncker & Humblot, 2009. http://d-nb.info/998768928/04.
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Taube, Carl-Tessen [Verfasser]. "Die Anwendung der Business Judgment Rule auf den GmbH-Geschäftsführer. / Carl-Tessen Taube." Berlin : Duncker & Humblot, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1238443117/34.
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Abazi, Dafine, and Ahmed Ali. "Conformity pressure and auditors’ judgement : How peers affect one another in audit firms in Sweden?" Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Fakulteten för ekonomi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-18375.
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Although gazillion of studies have been conducted regarding what influences auditors’ judgment, few studies examined the impact of conformity pressure on auditors’ judgment. Despite the few attempts to discover this area, different results rendered from these studies.The purpose of this study is to explain how the conformity pressures affect auditors’ judgement. The effect of other factors was taken into consideration such as professional commitment, Locus of control and the characteristics of Swedish culture. The method was quantitative using data collected by surveys sent to auditors working in big-four and non-big-four audit firms.The findings show that conformity pressure does not affect the judgment of the Swedish auditors.The limitations of the study are the number of responses received through the survey and the difficulty of accurately target the Swedish auditors.
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Nagy, Sandra. "Hostile takeovers in the face of the Business Judgment Rule : A comparative analysis between Sweden and the United States of America in regard to the Business Judgment Rule and the Unocal test." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-306969.
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In cases concerning a hostile takeover occurring in the United States, the board of directors must fulfill the duties set forward by the Unocal test. If the board of directors succeed, it implies that the decision, regardless if it is a bad decision, is protected by the Business Judgment Rule. The Business Judgment Rule presumes that the board of directors in good faith made an informed decision in the line of the corporations’ interests. The Business Judgment Rule is inherently unique for American companies. In Sweden liability for directors is based on a culpa evaluation which in turn is based on principles deriving from tort law. This is the result from the corporate law only providing for a very limited part concerning liability. In this thesis, the different judicial systems are explained with focus on differences and similarities based on duties of the board. Moreover, the different liabilities from a Swedish and an American perspective will be discussed. Concluding, it is hard to distinguish a Swedish version of the Business Judgment Rule, however, the creation of one would most likely be beneficial since it, to a large extent, provides for a better business world.Vid ett fientligt företagsförvärv i USA måste styrelseledamöterna visa att de uppfyller de krav som framställts genom Unocal-testet. Lyckas styreledamöterna uppfylla kraven så blir de skyddade från skadeståndsrättsligt ansvar i enlighet med the Business Judgment Rule, oavsett om beslutet ledde till en dålig affär. The Business Judgment Rule presumerar att styrelseledamöterna i god tro fattat ett välgrundat affärsbeslut som ligger i bolagets intresse. The Business Judgment Rule är unikt för amerikanska bolag. I Sverige utgår skadeståndsansvar för styrelseledamöter från en culpabedömning, vilket baseras på allmänna skadeståndsrättsliga principer då den aktiebolagsrättsliga skadeståndsdelen är begränsad. I denna uppsats redogörs de olika rättssystemen med fokus på likheter och skillnader i styrelseuppdraget. Vidare diskuteras styrelseledamöternas skadeståndsansvar utifrån ett amerikanskt och ett svenskt perspektiv. Slutligen visas det att det är svårt att se en svensk version till the Business Judgment Rule, men att en sådan troligen skulle vara att föredra då regeln ger effekter som bidrar till en bättre affärsvärld.
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Wallisch, Kai [Verfasser]. "Unternehmerische Entscheidungen der Hauptversammlung : Die Anwendung der Business Judgment Rule auf Hauptversammlungsbeschlüsse / Kai Wallisch." Baden-Baden : Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1107604591/34.
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Crawford, Allan Charles. "Credit rationing with an individual short-side rule : estimation for business loans in Canada." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/27060.
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It is generally accepted that rationing occurs in loan markets with demand of some borrowers exceeding desired supply by lenders at prevailing interest rates. Previous empirical studies of credit rationing use established disequilibrium econometric methods to estimate structural models of business loan markets. This study argues that existing disequilibrium techniques are not suitable for analyzing credit rationing since they ignore features of loan markets emphasized in the theoretical literature. While recent theory distinguishes between equilibrium and disequilibrium categories of credit rationing, existing empirical work allows only the latter to exist. In addition the traditional empirical model does not derive loan equations from micro foundations despite a theoretical focus on loan determination at the individual borrower level. Instead, equations are constructed by assuming aggregate loan quantity corresponds to the minimum of aggregate supply and demand. These inconsistencies with theory suggest that estimates of rationing from the traditional model are unreliable.
Unlike traditional methods the empirical model developed in this study derives aggregate equations from a micro approach to loan determination. Individual loan sizes are determined by the minimum of borrower-specific supply and demand functions and explicit aggregation across all borrowers gives estimating equations with desired properties. An attractive feature of the new model is that it yields the first estimates of equilibrium credit rationing. This allowance for both equilibrium and disequilibrium rationing, together with the micro foundations, means that the proposed model provides greater consistency between theoretical and applied work than has been previously possible. The new model is applied to the market for business loans from Canadian banks for the period 1968 to 1979. Results indicate that rationing is empirically significant as total rationing averages approximately one-third of aggregate flow demand for loans. Equilibrium rationing appears to be an important phenomenon since it exceeds disequilibrium rationing each period. However, intertemporal fluctuations in total rationing are caused primarily by changes in disequilibrium rationing. A comparison of the new and traditional models shows that rationing estimates are greater in the new approach with much of the difference attributable to the amount of equilibrium rationing in that model.Arts, Faculty of
Vancouver School of Economics
Graduate
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Suh, Jeong Eui. "Two essays on monetary policy under the Taylor rule." Texas A&M University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/2748.
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In this dissertation, two questions concerning monetary policy under the Taylor rule have been addressed. The first question is on, under the Taylor rule, whether a central bank should be responsible for both bank supervision and monetary policy or whether the two tasks should be exercised by separate institutions. This is the main focus of Chapter I. The second question is on whether the Taylor rule plays an important role in explaining modern business cycles in the United States. The second question has been covered by Chapter II.
The implications of the first chapter can be summarized as follows: (i) it is inevitable for the central bank to have a systematic error in conducting monetary policy when the central bank does not have a bank supervisory role; (ii) without a bank supervisory role, the effectiveness of monetary policy cannot be guaranteed; (iii) because of the existence of conflict of interests, giving a bank supervisory role to the central bank does not guarantee the effectiveness of monetary policy, either; (iv) the way of setting up another government agency, bank regulator, and making the central bank and the regulator cooperate each other does not guarantee the effectiveness of monetary policy because, in this way, the systematic error in conducting monetary policy cannot be eliminated; (v) in the view of social welfare, not in the view of the effectiveness of monetary policy, it is better for the central bank to keep the whole responsibility or at least a partial responsibility on bank supervision.
In the second chapter, we examined the effect of a technology shock and a money shock in the context of an RBC model incorporating the Taylor rule as the Fed??s monetary policy. One thing significantly different from other researches on this topic is the way the Taylor rule is introduced in the model. In this chapter, the Taylor rule is introduced by considering the relationship among the Fisher equation, Euler equation and the Taylor rule explicitly in the dynamic system of the relevant RBC model. With this approach, it has been shown that, even in a flexible-price environment, the two major failures in RBC models with money can be resolved. Under the Taylor rule, the correlation between output and inflation appears to be positive and the response of our model economy to a shock is persistent. Furthermore, the possibility of an existing liquidity effect is found. These results imply that the Taylor rule does play a key role in explaining business cycles in the United States.
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Pauck-Borchardt, JUrgen. "Business as usual -small and micro enterprise support versus traditional business practices in Western Namibia." University of Western Cape, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7758.
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Magister Artium (Development Studies) - MA(DVS)This research describes the current situation of small and micro enterprises (SME) in Western Namibia, its problems and constraints, but also its potential for growth and its capacity for absorption of the unemployed particularly in the informal sector. The thesis addresses a set of problems, especially regarding research in the region, impact of apartheid rule on SMEs as well as lack of business acumen on micro level and the new government SME support strategy which is ignoring traditional differences in business practices on macro level.
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Munnecom, Lorenna, and Miguel Chaves de Lemos Pacheco. "Exploration of an Automated Motivation Letter Scoring System to Emulate Human Judgement." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Mikrodataanalys, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-34563.
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As the popularity of the master’s in data science at Dalarna University increases, so does the number of applicants. The aim of this thesis was to explore different approaches to provide an automated motivation letter scoring system which could emulate the human judgement and automate the process of candidate selection. Several steps such as image processing and text processing were required to enable the authors to retrieve numerous features which could lead to the identification of the factors graded by the program managers. Grammatical based features and Advanced textual features were extracted from the motivation letters followed by the application of Topic Modelling methods to extract the probability of each topics occurring within a motivation letter. Furthermore, correlation analysis was applied to quantify the association between the features and the different factors graded by the program managers, followed by Ordinal Logistic Regression and Random Forest to build models with the most impactful variables. Finally, Naïve Bayes Algorithm, Random Forest and Support Vector Machine were used, first for classification and then for prediction purposes. These results were not promising as the factors were not accurately identified. Nevertheless, the authors suspected that the factors may be strongly related to the highlight of specific topics within a motivation letter which can lead to further research.
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Li, Sheng. "Introducing a rule-based architecture for workflow systems in retail supply chain management." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Handels- och IT-högskolan, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-16404.
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Problem: While global IT competition is becoming increasingly severe, various business organizations and companies, in order to maximize the profit and gain market competitiveness, are in urgent need of high-performance workflow systems to improve efficiency. However, the workflow systems that are currently used are embedded with fixed business rules that cannot be easily adjusted by users, resulting in the inability of users to make adjustments to the business rules, so as to satisfy changed requirements and deal with high cost of business management and low efficiency. Therefore, it is highly desirable for users of workflow systems, especially retail supply chain companies, to employ a new type of systems that can be easily adjusted by end users themselves when required.Solution: The rule-based workflow system architecture for the management of retail supply chain business process is recommended. In such architecture, the business rules can be separated from the system logic and managed by users via a friendly interface. The rule-based workflow systems can greatly enhance the system efficiency and lower maintenance cost, as compared with the traditional workflow system or other similar information systems. And the efficiency of retail supply chain business process management can be greatly enhanced by employing rule-based workflow systems.Methods: Two main research problems and four sub-research problems, which serve as the guidance to conduct related research work, have been identified. The research work has been divided into the theoretical part and the empirical part. In the theoretical part, the theory of rule base establishment and rule-based workflow system architecture are discussed. In the empirical part, data analysis as well as prototype design are conducted by employing both quantitative and qualitative methods of data collection. Attempts are also made to verify the theories suggested in the theoretical part by means of empirical research. Based on both theoretical and empirical research, attempts are made to find solutions to the research questions. In general, this thesis arms at providing references for the future research related to rule-based workflow system management in retail supply chain management. The thesis also aims to provide references for the practical use of rule-based systems in the retail supply chain field with such issues as system development and maintenance, especially for the system of complex and changeable business processes. Most importantly, some solutions are offered to the challenges of retail supply chain management.Program: Magisterutbildning i informatik
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Michaels, Jon. "A comparison of two normative choice formulations: The Shapley Value versus the weighted additive rule." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/288952.
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The Shapley Value, a cooperative game theory model, is adapted for use as a category preference measure in marketing. The model collects overall ratings for bundles of choices. These are then decomposed into individual preference scores by estimating the average marginal contribution of each choice over all applicable bundles. The technique provides a holistic rating alternative to constant sum for estimating preferences. It is applicable where choices are disparate, incommensurable, and apportionment difficult, where the questioning might gain from indirection or obfuscation, or where unambiguous attribute sets are not available. It provides a metric in circumstances when respondents are reluctant to choose between alternatives, but when one can elicit ratings (that do not appear to yield preference orderings). The Shapley Value is compared to weighted additive and indirect share preference models based upon proximity to a constant sum standard. Proximity is measured by two distance metrics: a Euclidean distance and a directional cosine (correlation) measure. Statistical testing demonstrates that Shapley Value is significantly closer to constant sum than either weighted additive or indirect share in two categories--fast food restaurants and actors in Seinfeld. Testing was conducted in a computer-aided laboratory setting. Subjects were 93 undergraduate business majors enrolled in an introductory marketing course. They were compensated for their participation with both a monetary and course credit incentives.
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Corea, Carl [Verfasser], Patrick [Gutachter] Delfmann, Matthias [Gutachter] Thimm, and Jan [Gutachter] Mendling. "Handling Inconsistency in Business Rule Bases / Carl Corea ; Gutachter: Patrick Delfmann, Matthias Thimm, Jan Mendling." Koblenz, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1225743869/34.
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Göppert, Jan [Verfasser]. "Die Reichweite der Business Judgment Rule bei unternehmerischen Entscheidungen des Aufsichtsrats der Aktiengesellschaft. / Jan Göppert." Berlin : Duncker & Humblot, 2010. http://d-nb.info/1238363865/34.
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Xu, Yang. "Business rules based legacy system evolution towards service-oriented architecture." Thesis, De Montfort University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/4399.
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Enterprises can be empowered to live up to the potential of becoming dynamic, agile and real-time. Service orientation is emerging from the amalgamation of a number of key business, technology and cultural developments. Three essential trends in particular are coming together to create a new revolutionary breed of enterprise, the service-oriented enterprise (SOE): (1) the continuous performance management of the enterprise; (2) the emergence of business process management; and (3) advances in the standards-based service-oriented infrastructures. This thesis focuses on this emerging three-layered architecture that builds on a service-oriented architecture framework, with a process layer that brings technology and business together, and a corporate performance layer that continually monitors and improves the performance indicators of global enterprises provides a novel framework for the business context in which to apply the important technical idea of service orientation and moves it from being an interesting tool for engineers to a vehicle for business managers to fundamentally improve their businesses.
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Meng, Jie. "Achieving dynamic inter-organizational workflow management by integrating business processes, e-services, events, and rules." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2002. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE1000143.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Florida, 2002.Title from title page of source document. Document formatted into pages; contains xii, 102 p.; also contains graphics. Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Wijesekera, Dhammika Harindra, and n/a. "A form based meta-schema for information and knowledge elicitation." Swinburne University of Technology, 2006. http://adt.lib.swin.edu.au./public/adt-VSWT20060904.123024.
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Knowledge is considered important for the survival and growth of an enterprise.
Currently knowledge is stored in various places including the bottom drawers of
employees. The human being is considered to be the most important knowledge
provider. Over the years knowledge based systems (KBS) have been developed to
capture and nurture the knowledge of domain experts. However, such systems were
considered to be separate and different from the traditional information systems
development. Many KBS development projects have failed. The main causes for such
failures have been recognised as the difficulties associated with the process of
knowledge elicitation, in particular the techniques and methods employed. On the other
hand, the main emphasis of information systems development has been in the areas of
data and information capture relating to transaction based systems. For knowledge to be
effectively captured and nurtured it is necessary for knowledge to be part of the
information systems development activity.
This thesis reports on a process of investigation and analysis conducted into the areas of
information, knowledge and the overlapping areas. This research advocates a hybrid
approach, where knowledge and information capture to be considered as one in a
unified environment. A meta-schema design based on Formal Object Role Modelling
(FORM), independent of implementation details, is introduced for this purpose. This is
considered to be a key contribution of this research activity. Both information and
knowledge is expected to be captured through this approach.
Meta data types are provided for the capture of business rules and they form part of the
knowledge base of an organisation. The integration of knowledge with data and
information is also described. XML is recognised by many as the preferred data
interchange language and it is investigated for the purpose of rule interchange. This
approach is expected to enable organisations to interchange business rules and their
meta-data, in addition to data and their schema. During interchange rules can be
interpreted and applied by receiving systems, thus providing a basis for intelligent
behaviour. With the emergence of new technologies such as the Internet the modelling of an
enterprise as a series of business processes has gained prominence. Enterprises are
moving towards integration, establishing well-described business processes within and
across enterprises, to include their customers and suppliers. The purpose is to derive a
common set of objectives and benefit from potential economic efficiencies. The
suggested meta-schema design can be used in the early phases of requirements
elicitation to specify, communicate, comprehend and refine various artefacts. This is
expected to encourage domain experts and knowledge analysts work towards describing
each business process and their interactions. Existing business processes can be
documented and business efficiencies can be achieved through a process of refinement.
The meta-schema design allows for a ?systems view? and sharing of such views, thus
enabling domain experts to focus on their area of specialisation whilst having an
understanding of other business areas and their facts. The design also allows for
synchronisation of mental models of experts and the knowledge analyst. This has been a
major issue with KBS development and one of the main reasons for the failure of such
projects. The intention of this research is to provide a facility to overcome this issue.
The natural language based FORM encourages verbalisation of the domain, hence
increasing the understanding and comprehension of available business facts.
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LIN, CHIH-YANG, and 林志洋. "The Conflict and Reconciliation of the Business Judgement Rule in Taiwan." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/9dmapd.
Full textAbstract:
碩士東吳大學
法律學系
105
Business judgment rule, a legal concept originating from the laissez-faire in the 19th century of American society, was designed to alleviate the legal responsibilities of enterprise managers, thus encouraging them to make best use of their entrepreneurial spirit and innovative ability to maximize economic profits for the enterprises. In this historical context, the concept of business judgment rule materialized slowly but surely as more and more judgments were made using business judgment rule as a decisive criterion. There are countless cases relevant to business judgment rule and numerous researchers have studied the topics related to business judgment rule up until today. All researchers are equally concerned with business judgment rule, but they comprehend business judgment rule in different ways and are unable to agree on who is right and who is wrong. Similarly, all courts of the United States have different opinions in how to apply business judgment rule and to what extent the courts should step into the decisions made by the enterprises. Some judgments maintain the viewpoint that business judgment rule serves as A Standard of Liability for the directors, and with the business judgment rule, the court shall refrain itself from intervening into the enterprise’s operation and affairs. According to this viewpoint, stockholders have to put the proof to the court and prove the directors’ violation of their duty of good faith, duty of loyalty and duty of care when stockholders initiate lawsuit against the directors. If the court finds the accusation sustained by proof, the “presumption” of business judgment rule is overruled. Once the presumption is overruled, the burden of proof is shifted from the plaintiff to the defendant, and the defendant has to prove all decisions were made reasonably. Then, the court sets out to examine the merits and drawbacks of the decisions made by the directors objectively and reasonably. At the same time, some other judgments pronounced that business judgment rule served as a limitation for judicial review, and with the limitation, the courts have to follow A Doctrine of Abstention. Accordingly, the courts shall refuse to examine the merits and drawbacks of the decisions made by the directors if no fraud, unlawful conduct or conflict of interests are involved in the decisions made by the directors, unless the plaintiff can put the proof to the court. Based on the discussions stated above, the burden of proof is construed differently by different doctrines, and different courts maintained different viewpoints. According to Professor Bainbgidge, however, business judgment rule is construed as A Substantive Standard of Liability in the contemporary world, but as required by the essential requirements of business judgment rule, the court shall refuse to determine whether the directors have violated their duty of care once the court finds the business judgment rule is suitable for this particular case. Paradoxically, the plaintiff has the burden of proof in this particular case, and at the same time the court employs business judgment rule as its judicial scrutiny standard. There is no doubt the court has put the cart before the horse. As a matter of fact, once a plaintiff puts the proof related to the defendant’s violation of duty of care to the court, the court should determine whether the defendant has violated his duty based on facts. By doing so, the court can examine the merits and drawbacks of the decisions made by the directors using a reasonable standard. This study examined how business judgment rule is brought into play in Taiwan, and found business judgment rule is extensively applied to civil judgments in Taiwan. Many litigants resort to business judgment rule in the judicial proceedings of criminal cases, administrative judgments, even the resolutions passed by the Committee on the Discipline of Public Functionaries, in particular the criminal cases. There is no doubt that business judgment rule serves as a criterion for the courts in Taiwan to determine the “legality and rationality of directors’ conducts” and is construed as the essential substance for the courts to examine the elements of the cases. There is no doubt that business judgment rule has been improperly construed and used in Taiwan over the past years. When it comes to civil judgments, the legal effect of business judgment rule is often misunderstood because “business judgment rule” is misconstrued as the criterion to determine whether the directors have violated their “duty of care”, and based on the misconstrued business judgment rule, the courts determine whether the business policy at issue is reasonable. By doing so, business judgment rule serves one purpose only – to transfer the burden of proof – in Taiwan. As a result, the courts substantially examine the decisions made by the directors instead of “adhering to the spirit of business judgment rule without determining whether the directors’ conducts have violated their duty of care.” There is no doubt that the courts in Taiwan are running counter to the expectation. In conclusion, this study suggests that Taiwan should thoroughly examine the purpose, elements, legal effect of business judgment rule and thereby establish a comprehensive and practical procedure based on the essential requirements of business judgment rule for the courts to follow and for the directors to evaluate the risks associated with their duties.
49
Nethavhani, Khathutshelo. "The business judgement rule : undue erosion of director's duty of skill care and dilligence." Diss., 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/50736.
Full text
50
PAI, WEL-LING, and 白瑋伶. "The Function of the Business Judgement Rule in Breach of Trustfulness of Criminal Code." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/58534263405125766544.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺北大學
法律學系一般生組
103
Business judgment rule is legal precedent and doctrine developed and assured in USA through judicial practice, and it serves a purpose to mitigate the duty of board member and to prevent the court of law to use the view point of wise-after-the-event to assess if there is any defect in the business decision made by the board members. In paragraph 1 of Article 23 of the Company Act in Taiwan, duty of care and duty of loyalty for the board members are specified, however, there is no laws related to business judgment rule, hence, there is still controversy between practice and doctrine regarding whether it should be introduced or not. Firstly, in chapter II I would like to analyzes Article 342 of Taiwan’s Criminal Code. Secondly, in chapter III, Introduce the basic concepts of the Business Judgment Rule, the application of the Business Judgment Rule will also be introduced in chapter IV.Finally , chapter V the application of the Business Judgment Rule in criminal breach of trust. chapter 6 is conclusion and suggestion, and a brief review will be made on the previous research result, finally, the final conclusions and suggestions for this paper will be proposed, and it is hoped that they can be used as references for the study of related topics in the future. This article also draws a conclusion that although the judge could not properly apply the Business Judgment Rule in criminal cases, they probably could still extract the elements of the Business Judgment Rule and transform them in the objective and subjective perspectives of criminal breach of trust. As a matter of fact, the Business Judgment Rule can reform the controversy if it is correctly applied by judges.