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Wagner, Dieter, and Heiner Langemeyer. "Cafeteria-Modelle in der Unternehmenspraxis." Universität Potsdam, 1993. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2011/5064/.
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Malo, Suzanne M. "Association for Retarded Citizen's deliworks cafeteria /." Online version of thesis, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/11195.
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Korb, Nicole. "Cafeteria-Systeme : Perspektiven für eine wissenschaftliche Betrachtung /." Berlin Köster, 2008. http://d-nb.info/99066998X/04.
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Kubíková, Lucie. "Zaměstnanecké výhody: Implementace cafeteria systému ve vybrané společnosti." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-76592.
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The aim of this diploma thesis is implementation of a cafeteria system in the examined company. The proposal was based on the analysis of the cafeteria system, and analysis of the possibility of implementation of a cafeteria system cost and effectiveness. The final proposal was prepared using information from own research, consisting of personal interviews and survey. The first part of this diploma thesis is devoted to the theoretical summary of employee benefits, their basic structure and description of the cafeteria system. In the second part, the examined company with its current range of benefits is introduced, as well as the results of own research and practical functionality of an on-line cafeteria system application mojeBenefity.cz. The last chapter is devoted to the final proposal of the cafeteria system in the examined company, using the results of research and other valuable information.
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Smolíková, Petra. "Personální systém ve firmě ISOTHERM, s.r.o." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-75637.
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The aim of this diploma work is the evaluation and proposal of the remuneration system at one department in the company ISOTHERM s.r.o.. Another point at issue is the change of the employee benefit program, which will be replaced by a new system, aimed more at employee's needs and wishes.
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Behara, R. S. "A simulation study of food delivery in cafeteria services." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.235270.
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Wagner, Dieter. "Möglichkeiten und Grenzen des Cafeteria-Ansatzes in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland." Universität Potsdam, 1986. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2011/5049/.
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Neweling, Sonja. "Ansatz eines erweiterten Cafeteria-Modells für das Netzwerkmanagement in heterarchischen Unternehmensnetzwerken." Hamburg Kovač, 2010. http://d-nb.info/1002864070/04.
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Wenzel, Kristi. "Effectiveness of signage promoting healthy choices in a medical center cafeteria." Menomonie, WI : University of Wisconsin--Stout, 2004. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2004/2004wenzelk.pdf.
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Schetzina, Karen E. "Winning with Wellness Toolkit for K-8 Teachers, Administrators, and Cafeteria." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2008. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/5123.
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ALPÍZAR, TÉLLEZ DANIELA, and BUENAVENTURA DANIEL OCELOTL MARTINEZ. "ESTUDIO DE MERCADO PARA LA CREACIÓN DE UNA CAFETERÍA EN EL MUNICIPIO DE SAN SIMÓN DE GUERRERO, MEX. (2018)." Tesis de Licenciatura, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11799/94939.
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tesis de licenciaturaEn la época de globalización y de alta competitividad de productos o servicios es necesario estar alerta a las exigencias y expectativas del mercado, para ello es de vital importancia hacer uso de técnicas y herramientas para asegurar el éxito de las empresas, como lo es un estudio de mercado. Un estudio de mercado es la técnica que permite allegarse de información acerca de las necesidades, y preferencias del consumidor, para tomar decisiones referentes a los atributos funcionales, económicos y simbólicos de los productos y servicios (Fisher, 2004). Evidentemente, todos los vendedores conocen los productos que ofrecen a los consumidores, pero no necesariamente conocen lo que buscan los consumidores en sus productos. La frase clave es conocer el mercado y las necesidades del mismo, es decir, los consumidores son los que dan la pauta para poder definir mejor que es lo que se va vender, dónde y cómo se hará. Por tal razón los emprendedores deben considerar realizar un estudio de mercado antes de echar a andar un negocio, en este caso, para la creación de una cafetería se requiere llevar a cabo esta investigación para conocer las necesidades, expectativas y exigencias del consumidor respecto este giro de negocio.
Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México
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Fischer, Matthias Gunther. "Genetic and ultrastructural characterization of Cafeteria roenbergensis virus and its virophage Mavirus." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/32156.
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Giant viruses infecting unicellular eukaryotes have genomes that overlap in size and coding content with the smallest cellular life forms, thereby blurring the boundary between what is considered living and non-living. Due to their recent discovery, little is known about the biology and host range of giant viruses. In this dissertation, I characterize Cafeteria roenbergensis virus (CroV), the largest marine virus known to date. CroV infects the phagotrophic nanoflagellate C. roenbergensis, a widespread and ecologically important marine zooplankton species. CroV has a 730 kilobase pair DNA genome which is predicted to encode 544 proteins and 22 transfer RNAs. Four genes contained an intein insertion and several genes have not been found before in viruses, including an isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase and a histone acetyltransferase. A 38 kilobase pair region of putative bacterial origin encoded predicted enzymes for the biosynthesis of 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate, a key component of the bacterial lipopolysaccharide layer. Microarray analysis revealed that at least 274 CroV genes were transcribed during infection and that different genes were expressed at early and late stages of viral replication. Promoter sequences specific for each stage were identified. Proteomic analyses showed that the virion is composed of at least 129 CroV-encoded proteins, including a large set of transcription enzymes and several DNA repair proteins. Phylogenetically, CroV was found to belong to the group of nucleocytoplasmic large DNA viruses and was most closely related to Acanthamoeba polyphaga mimivirus, although only a third of the CroV genes had homologues in Mimivirus. I also discovered a smaller virus, the Mavirus virophage, whose replication was dependent on co-infection by CroV and led to decreased CroV production and increased host-cell survival. Mavirus particles co-localized within the CroV virion factory, as shown by transmission electron microscopy of infected cells. Remarkably, the 19 kilobase pair DNA genome of Mavirus was most similar to the Maverick/Polinton eukaryotic DNA transposons, which led to the hypothesis that these transposons have originated from the endogenization of ancient virophages into eukaryotic genomes. This work describes the first giant virus infecting a zooplankton species and demonstrates a clear link between Mavirus and Maverick transposons.
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Paschal, Ryan Tyler. "An Assessment of Fruit Offerings for 7Th and 8Th Grade Students in Texas." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2012. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc149649/.
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Childhood obesity in America is reaching epidemic proportions. This study explored whether daily online lunch menu information was sufficient to enable parents to advise their children about healthy and unhealthy menu choices in 350 Texas middle schools and whether online menu information strongly correlated with the descriptions of the offerings given by 52 school cafeteria managers in telephone interviews. Although schools are making efforts to describe their offerings, they are not vigorously taking advantage of the opportunity to aggressively inform or educate. They are not coding their descriptions in such a way as to explicitly brand food as healthy or unhealthy. They are also not labeling food as generally required by law for consumer services that provide food (except for the fresh produce that lines supermarket shelves). Instead, they only briefly describe what they are serving in the way of fruit in one or two word snippets. Finally, cafeteria managers’ online descriptions were inconsistent with what they described in interviews. Online and verbal descriptions were sometimes contradictory, raising questions about the accuracy of either type of description.
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Salewski, Erinn. "Provincial evaluation of the eat smart! healthy workplace program usiing cafeteria purchasing records." Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=97146.
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Workplace nutrition programs are designed to reduce obesity and chronic disease through dietary change. The Eat Smart! program increases healthier food offerings and provides educational messaging. It was evaluated by measuring change in cafeteria food purchasing in 4 intervention (Eat Smart! program implemented) and 7 control sites. All purchasing records from each worksite were collected at baseline and after the intervention. The changes were measured as absolute amounts of foods purchased and ratios of desirable to undesirable food choices. There were no significant differences in the purchasing of low fat products which reflected a failure to follow program guidelines nor changes that implied more frequent choice of healthy foods selected by the cafeteria patron after the implementation of Eat Smart!. Increased monitoring of Eat Smart! is needed to ensure compliance to program criteria and enhanced environmental changes are needed to impact consumer food intake at lunch.Les programmes de nutrition au travail ont pour objet de réduire l'obésité et les maladies chroniques en modifiant les habitudes alimentaires. Le programme À votre santé! permet d'offrir des mets plus sains et de transmettre un message éducatif. Il fut évalué en mesurant le changement dans les habitudes d'achat à la cafétéria de 4 lieux d'intervention (où le programme À votre santé! a été mis en œuvre) et 7 lieux de contrôle. Tous les registres des achats de chaque lieu de travail ont été recueillis à titre de référence et après l'intervention. Les changements étaient mesurés selon les quantités absolues de nourriture achetée et les ratios entre les choix alimentaires judicieux et non désirables. Aucune différence ne fut constatée quant aux achats d'aliments à faible teneur en matières grasses, ce qui démontra le non-respect des lignes directrices du programme À votre santé!, et les clients de la cafétéria ne choisissaient pas plus d'aliments sains suite à la mise en œuvre du programme À votre santé! Il faut donc superviser davantage le programme À votre santé! pour que ses critères soient respectées, et des changements environnementaux sont nécessaires pour influencer le choix alimentaire des clients le midi.
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Halimic, Aida. "Student food choices in a university cafeteria in Saudi Arabia : an empirical investigation." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2017. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/813339/.
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Background: One of the major health, social and economic problems in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is the rising prevalence of overweight and obesity amongst young people and the implications this has for the future burden of chronic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes. Nearly 10% of the Saudi population are now diagnosed with diabetes at a cost to the nation in 2010 estimated at $0.9 billion. Aim: To investigate factors influencing choice of healthy food items by students in a university cafeteria in Saudi Arabia. Theoretical framework: Psychological theories of how individual factors affect behaviours and concepts from the emerging field of behavioural economics underpinned the studies. Methods: Three empirical studies involving students at the University of Ha’il, central Saudi Arabia: 1. Questionnaire gathering background information about students’ health-related behaviours and knowledge of behavioural risk factors for type 2 diabetes, 2. Investigation of student purchasing patterns and intentions through a) a questionnaire probing willingness-to-buy fruit (a healthier option) if available in the campus cafeteria, b) a controlled experiment manipulating menu choices, 3. Analysis of actual purchasing decisions when fruit was introduced to the campus cafeteria. Impacts of price variation and health messages were explored in Studies II and III. Results: 1. Students report poor health-related behaviours (dietary and physical activity); knowledge of the link between lifestyle and type 2 diabetes is patchy. 2a. Over 50% of cafeteria users said they would buy fruit if available. 2b. Choice of healthy items was responsive to price manipulation. 3. When fruit was available, it was purchased by less than 10%. Health messages had no effect on healthy item choices. Conclusions: Pricing strategies may be effective to stimulate healthier choices. Additional health education targeting individual psychological determinants of behaviour change may also be required.
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Gomes, Arthur Rocha. "Efedrina altera a ansiedade e locomo??o de ratos Wistar tratados desde a lacta??o com dietas de cafeteria ou restri??o cal?rica." UFVJM, 2016. http://acervo.ufvjm.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/1369.
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Data de aprova??o ausente.Orientador do trabalho n?o mencionado na lista da Folha de Aprova??o.
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O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos da efedrina no comportamento de ratos tratados com ra??o padr?o (comercial), dieta de cafeteria ou dieta de restri??o cal?rica desde a lacta??o. Foramutilizadas 12 ninhadas de ratos da linhagem Wistar (Rattus novergicus). Os animais foram alojados em gaiolas individuais, sob condi??es padr?es (umidade natural; temperatura de 23 ?C ? 2; e ciclo claro/escuro de 12 horas). Os ratos machos de cada ninhada formaram, da lacta??o at? a fase adulta, osgrupos: Controle (C) ?receberamra??o padr?o e?guaadlibitum(n = 24);Cafeteria (CAF)?receberam dieta de cafeteria e ?gua ad libitum (n = 24); Restri??o (R) ?receberam 50%dara??oconsumidapelo grupoControle e ?guaadlibitum (n = 24). Entre o 113? e o 117? dia de vida, os animais foram subdividos (n = 12) para receberemo tratamento com salina (C, CAF e R) ou efedrina (C-E, CAF-E e R-E) e realizarem os testes comportamentais. No 118? foram anestesiados e eutanasiados por exsanguina??o. Foram avaliados: o peso corporal, ganho de peso, consumo de ra??o, ingest?o cal?rica, coeficiente de efici?ncia alimentar, comprimento naso-anal e ?ndice de massa corporal; peso dos ?rg?os e tecido adiposo abdominal; comprimento do f?mur e t?bia, e teor de minerais totais; teores de colesterol total e fra??es, triacilglicerol e glicemia do soro; teor de lip?dios, colesterol total e triacilglicerol do f?gado; e os efeitos no comportamento pelos testes Labirinto em Cruz Elevado (LCE) eCampo Aberto. O grupo CAF demonstrou maior ingest?o cal?rica, configurando em maior CEA e ac?mulo de tecido adiposo abdominal, al?m de uma tend?ncia em aumento do peso e do IMC. Ademais, CAF obteve eleva??o dos n?veis de triacilglicerol plasm?tico e hep?tico, que possivelmente foram fatores respons?veis pelo aumento do tecido adiposo. Ao mesmo tempo, houve uma rela??o ruim entre as fra??es do colesterol plasm?tico (HDL-c, LDL-c e VLDL-c), com desenvolvimento de dislipidemia. Portanto, a dieta de cafeteria foi capaz de reproduzir um modelo de obesidade humana e de s?ndrome metab?lica em CAF. Os animais de dieta de restri??o obtiveram menor peso corporal e dos ?rg?os, apresentando ainda retardo no crescimento (menor CNA, da t?bia e do f?mur), e menores valores de IMC. O quadro nutricional desse grupo de animais indica que foi poss?vel desenvolver um modelo de desnutri??o. O grupo CAF obteve maior n?mero de entradas nos bra?os fechados do LCE e uma tend?ncia em atravessar maior n?mero de quadrantes no in?cio do teste de Campo Aberto, sugerindoaumento da locomo??o. A efedrina proporcionou: maior n?mero de entradas nos bra?os fechados; de entradas e tempo de perman?ncia nos bra?os abertos do LCE; maior n?mero de entradas, tempo de perman?ncia no centro do e n?mero de quadrantes atravessados no campo aberto; para ambos os tratamentos (CAF-E e R-E), sugerindo um efeito ansiol?tico e de aumento da locomo??o. As altera??es no comportamento frente ? efedrina indicam que os animais CAF e R possuem uma altera??o no sistema dopamin?rgico, que culmina com aumento do efeito ansiol?tico e de locomo??o da droga.
Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-gradua??o em Ci?ncias Farmac?uticas, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, [2016].
The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of ephedrine on the behavior of rats treated with standard (commercial) chow, cafeteria diet or caloric restriction diet since lactation. Twelve litters of Wistar rats (Rattus novergicus) were used. The animals were housed in individual cages under standard conditions (natural humidity, temperature of 23 ? C ? 2 and light / dark cycle of 12 hours). The male rats of each litter formed, from lactation to adulthood, the following groups: Control (C) - received standard chow and water ad libitum (n = 24); Cafeteria (CAF) - received cafeteria diet and water ad libitum (n = 24); Restriction (R) - received 50% of the chow consumed by the Control group and water ad libitum (n = 24). Between the 113th and 117th days of life, the animals were subdivided (n = 12) to receive treatment with saline (C, CAF and R) or ephedrine (C-E, CAF-E and R-E) and perform behavioral tests. At 118th, they were anesthetized and euthanized by exsanguination. Body weight, weight gain, feed intake, caloric intake, food efficiency coefficient, naso-anal length and body mass index; weight of organs and abdominal adipose tissue; Length of femur and tibia, and total mineral content; levels of total cholesterol and fractions, triacylglycerol and serum glycemia; lipid content, total cholesterol and triacylglycerol of the liver; and effects on behavior through the Elevated Plus Maze (EPM) and Open Field tests were evaluated. The CAF group demonstrated a higher caloric intake, resulting in an increased CEA and abdominal adipose tissue accumulation, in addition to an increasing tendency of weight and BMI. In addition, CAF obtained an elevation in plasma and hepatic triacylglycerol levels, which were possibly responsible for the increase in adipose tissue. At the same time, there was a great relationship between fractions of plasma cholesterol (HDL-c, LDL-c and VLDL-c), with development of dyslipidemia. Therefore, the cafeteria diet was able to reproduce a model of human obesity and metabolic syndrome in CAF. Restriction diet animals had lower body and organ weight, with slower growth (lower CNA, tibia and femur), and lower BMI values. The nutritional picture of this group of animals indicates that it was possible to develop a model of malnutrition. The CAF group had a higher number of entries in the closed arms of the EPM and a tendency to cross more quadrants at the beginning of the Open Field test, suggesting an increase in locomotion. Ephedrine provided: high number of entries in the closed arms; entries and length of stay in the open arms of the EPM; high number of entries, length of stay in the center and number of quadrants crossed in the open field; for both treatments (CAF-E and R-E), suggesting an anxiolytic effect and increased locomotion. Changes in the behavior against ephedrine indicate that the CAF and R animals have a change in the dopaminergic system, which culminates with aniological increase and locomotion of the drug.
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Doghri, Yosra. "Syndrome métabolique chez le rat spontanément hypertendu : Etude des effets des modulateurs de la voie du GMPc sur la réactivité cardiovasculaire et sur la composition du microbiote intestinal." Thesis, Nantes, Ecole nationale vétérinaire, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ONIR133F.
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Le syndrome métabolique associe plusieurs facteurs de risques cardiovasculaires chez le même individu. Des études ont montré une altération de la voie de signalisation du NO/GMPc au cours du syndrome métabolique. Le premier objectif de cette thèse a été d’étudier la modification de la fonction cardiaque globale et de la réactivité vasculaire des rats spontanément hypertendus (SHR) soumis à un régime hypercalorique de type « cafeteria diet » (CD). Dans un second temps, les effets de l’administration chronique des modulateurs de la voie du GMPc ont été évalués sur les paramètres métaboliques et la fonction circulatoire par des approches in vivo et ex vivo sur cœur et aorte isolés. Le microbiote intestinal apparait depuis quelques années comme un nouveau facteur impliqué dans la pathogenèse du syndrome métabolique et des altérations qui lui sont associées. Ainsi, une troisième partie de la thèse a été consacrée à l’analyse du microbiote intestinal chez les SHR avant et après traitements. Cette étude a montré que le régime CD induit les différentes composantes du syndrome métabolique. Ces anomalies étaient associées à une altération de la contractilité cardiaque et vasculaire ainsi qu’à une altération de la vasorelaxation induite par l’insuline. De plus, notre étude a montré des modifications dans la composition du microbiote intestinal à l’échelle « famille » et « espèce ». L’activation chronique de la voie du GMPc a amélioré les paramètres métaboliques mesurés in vivo et a rétabli partiellement la fonction circulatoire. Notre étude a montré pour la première fois les effets de la modulation de la voie du GMPc sur la composition du microbiote intestinalThe metabolic syndrome associates several cardiovascular risk factors in the same individual. Studies have already shown an alteration of the NO / cGMP signaling pathway during metabolic syndrome. The first aim of this thesis was to study the modification of the global cardiac function and the vascular reactivity in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) subjected to a hypercaloric diet called "cafeteria diet" (CD). In a second step, effects of chronic administration of cGMP pathway modulators were evaluated on metabolic parameters and cardiovascular function using in vivo and ex vivo approaches on isolated heart and aorta. The gut microbiota has emerged for some years as a new factor involved in the pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome and associated alterations. Thus, a third part of the thesis was devoted to the analysis of gut microbiota in SHR before and after treatment. This study has shown that CD diet induces the different components of metabolic syndrome. These abnormalities were associated with impaired cardiac and vascular contractility and an altered insulin-induced vasorelaxation. On the other hand, our study showed changes in the gut microbiota composition at the "family" and "species" level. Chronic activation of the cGMP pathway improved metabolic parameters measured in vivo and partially restored cardiovascular function. Our study showed for the first time, the effects of cGMP pathway modulators on gut microbiota composition
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Řehák, David. "Návrh komunikačního mixu ve vybrané společnosti." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-319418.
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Dissertation thesis deals with proposals of possible improvement in communication mix in selected company. The dissertation is divided into three main sections. The first section is theoretical research which is outlook for analysis of current situation of the company. Practical part's target is to suggest solution which will lead to improvement of company's marketing communication.
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Smoyer, Amy B. "Cafeteria, commissary and cooking| Foodways and negotiations of power and identity in a women's prison." Thesis, City University of New York, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3561638.
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This study uses foodways theory to build knowledge about the lived experience of incarceration by analyzing women's narratives about prison food and eating. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 30 formerly incarcerated women in New Haven, CT. The interviews were digitally recorded and transcribed. Findings explain the different ways that inmates collect, prepare, distribute and consume food, and the centrality of these activities to incarcerated life. By shedding light on these daily routines, the world of prison life comes into greater focus.
Thematic analysis of the data further illuminates the prison experience by suggesting the positive and negative ways that food impacts inmate's perceptions of themselves, their social networks and the State. Negative foodways humiliated the women, accentuated their powerlessness, and reinforced their perceptions of the State as nonsensical and apathetic towards their needs. Positive foodways illustrated the inmates' capacity to resist State power, build/maintain relationships and construct positive self-narratives. Racialized foodways narratives began to reveal how food stories may be deployed to reinforce prison's racial character and construct the identities of self and other.
Foodways interventions to support the rehabilitative goals of correctional facilities are proposed. These data suggest that inmates want to build positive relationships and identities and that prison food systems could do more to help women realize these intentions.
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Capelassi, Angélica Novi. "Efeitos da gastrectomia vertical sobre o trato gastrointestinal em ratos obesos pela dieta de cafeteria." Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, 2016. http://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/3254.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
Obesity is a risk factor in the development of many diseases such as diabetes and hypertension. In addition, it is associated with the development of diseases in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) such as gastroesophageal reflux and gastritis. Bariatric surgery has proved to be the only effective long-term treatment modality sustained effects for the treatment of morbid obesity and its comorbidities. Studies have shown that bariatric procedures affect the morphology and function of the GIT. Few studies have investigated the effects of sleeve gastrectomy (SG), a restrictive technique that reduces the size of the stomach on the GIT. Thus, our objective was to analyze the effect of SG on gastric histopathology and the morphology of the small intestine (duodenum, jejunum and ileum) in obese rats fed a cafeteria diet. For this study, 8-week-old Wistar rats were divided into two groups: control (CTL), which received standard diet, and cafeteria (CAF), which received cafeteria diet to induce obesity. After two months, the CAF group underwent pseudo-surgery (CAF PS) or sleeve gastrectomy (CAF SG). At three months after surgery obesity was verified and stomach, duodenum, jejunum and ileum were collected and analyzed. Body weight and retroperitoneal and perigonadal fat pads were higher in CAF PS animals compared to the CTL. The SG did not influence these parameters. Regarding the morphology of the stomach, we observed that the CTL animals showed normal morphology of this organ, while the CAF PS animals showed changes in the gastric mucosa with the presence of hyperemia, mild inflammatory infiltrate and diffuse in the mucosa and submucosa, as well as mild erosion of the gastric mucosa and atrophy. The SG exacerbated changes in the stomach. CAF SG animals showed severe erosion of the gastric mucosa, edema, moderate and diffuse inflammatory infiltrate in the mucosa and submucosa, as well as atrophy of the muscular layer and the body of the mucosa. In relation to morphometry of the small intestine, no changes were found in the duodenum, jejunum and ileum of CAF PS and CTL animals. However, CAF SG animals showed increase in total thickness of the duodenum, as well as increase in the thickness of the mucosa and submucosa layer and villi. The jejunum and ileum showed no change. In the summary cafeteria diet causes changes in the gastric mucosa without changing the small intestine. The SG, three months after the procedure, exacerbates gastric alterations and promotes changes in the duodenum morphometry.
A obesidade é um fator de risco para o desenvolvimento de várias doenças, tais como diabetes e hipertensão. Além disso, está associada com o desenvolvimento de doenças no trato gastrointestinal (TGI), como refluxo gastroesofágico e gastrite. A cirurgia bariátrica tem provado ser a única modalidade de tratamento eficaz com efeitos sustentados por longo prazo para o tratamento da obesidade mórbida e suas comorbidades. Estudos demonstram que os procedimentos bariátricos alteram a morfologia e o funcionamento do TGI. Poucos estudos investigam os efeitos da gastrectomia vertical (GV), uma técnica restritiva que reduz o tamanho do estômago, sobre o TGI. Dessa forma, nosso objetivo foi analisar o efeito da GV sobre a histopatologia gástrica e a morfologia do intestino delgado (duodeno, jejuno e íleo) em ratos obesos pela dieta de cafeteria. Para este trabalho, ratos Wistar com 8 semanas de vida foram divididos em dois grupos: controle (CTL), que recebeu dieta padrão, e cafeteria (CAF), que recebeu dieta de cafeteria para indução da obesidade. Após dois meses, o grupo CAF foi submetido à pseudo-cirurgia (CAF PC) ou à gastrectomia vertical (CAF GV). Três meses após o procedimento cirúrgico foi realizada a avaliação da obesidade e o estômago, duodeno, jejuno e íleo foram coletados e analisados. O peso corporal e o peso das gorduras retroperitonial e perigonadal foi maior nos animais CAF PC em comparação com os CTL. A GV não influenciou estes parâmetros. Em relação a morfologia do estômago, observamos que os animais CTL apresentaram morfologia normal desse órgão, enquanto os animais CAF PC apresentaram alterações na mucosa gástrica com presença de hiperemia, infiltrado inflamatório leve e difuso na mucosa e submucosa, bem como.leve erosão da mucosa gástrica e atrofia. A GV exacerbou as alterações no estômago. Os animais CAF GV apresentaram erosão intensa da mucosa gástrica, edema, infiltrado inflamatório moderado e difuso na mucosa e submucosa, bem como atrofia da camada muscular e da mucosa do órgão. Em relação a morfometria do intestino delgado, nenhuma alteração foi encontrada no duodeno, jejuno e íleo entre os animais CAF PC e CTL. Entretanto, os animais CAF GV apresentaram aumento da espessura total do duodeno, bem como, aumento na espessura da camada mucosa e submucosa e na altura das vilosidades. O jejuno e o íleo não apresentaram modificações. Assim, concluímos que, a dieta de cafeteria promove alterações na mucosa gástrica sem modificar o intestino delgado. A GV, três meses após o procedimento, exacerba as alterações gástricas e promove modificações na morfometria do duodeno
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Santos, Carolyne Doneda Silva. "A exposição materna e da prole à dieta de cafeteria promove alterações morfológicas tecido específicas." Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, 2016. http://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/3685.
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We, herein, evaluated whether the exposure of rats to a cafeteria diet pre-and/or post-weaning, alters histological characteristics in the White Adipose Tissue (WAT), Brown Adipose Tissue (BAT), and liver of young adult male offspring. Female Wistar rats were divided into Control (CTL; rats fed on standard rodent chow) and Cafeteria (CAF; fed on cafeteria diet during their entire life). After birth, male offspring only (F1) were divided into four groups (8 pups/dams) and received the CTL or CAF diet during their entire lives: CTL-CTLF1, control offspring born from dams that were fed on control diet; CTL-CAF F1, cafeteria offspring born from dams that were fed on control diet; CAF-CTL F1, control offspring born from dams that were fed on a cafeteria diet; CAF-CAF F1, cafeteria offspring born from dams that were fed on a cafeteria diet. Biometrics, metabolic parameters, and liver, BAT and WAT histology were assessed. Data obtained were integrated using the Principal Component Analysis (PCA). PCA showed that maternal CAF diet protects offspring from the deleterious effects provoked by the exposure to an obesogenic diet during adult life, as demonstrated by the absence of alteration in body weight and fat accumulation, but failed to protect BAT and liver, suggesting that the impact of maternal CAF diet is tissue-specific.
O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar se a dieta de cafeteria durante o período pré e pós desmame altera as características histológicas do tecido adiposo branco (TAB), tecido adiposo marron (TAM), e do fígado em filhotes machos adultos. Para isso, ratas Wistarcom 21 dias de vida foram separadas em dois grupos: controle (CTL; ratas alimentadas com ração padrão para roedores) e cafeteria (CAF; ratas alimentadas com dieta de cafeteria durante todo seu período de vida). Aos 70 dias de idade as ratas foram acasaladas e mantiveram o mesmo padrão alimentar durante a gestação e amamentação. Após o nascimento, somente os filhotes machos (F1) foram separados em 4 grupos (8 filhotes/ninhada) e receberam dieta controle (CTL F1) ou dieta cafeteria (CAF F1) ao longo de suas vidas, conforme os seguintes grupos: CTL-CTL F1, filhotes alimentados com dieta controle, nascidos de mães que receberam dieta controle; CTL-CAF F1, filhotes alimentados com dieta cafeteria, nascidos de mães que receberam dieta controle; CAF-CTL F1, filhotes alimentadoscom dieta controle, nascidos de mães que receberam dieta cafeteria; CAF-CAF F1, filhotes alimentados com dieta cafeteria, nascidos de mães que receberam dieta cafeteria. Aos 100 dias de vida os animais foram eutanasiados e os parâmetros biométricos e metabólicos, bem como a histologia do fígado, TAB e TAM foram avaliados. Para avaliação dos dados obtidos foi realizada uma Análise de Componentes Principais, a qual demonstrou que a dieta de cafeteria maternal protegeu os filhotes dos efeitos deletérios provocados pela exposição à dieta obesogênica durante suas vidas, como demonstrada pela ausência de alterações no peso corporal e acúmulo de gordura, porém falhou em proteger o fígado e o TAM, sugerindo que o impacto da dieta de cafeteria maternal é tecido específico.
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Gomez-Smith, Mariana. "The Cafeteria Diet Model of Metabolic Syndrome and Its Effects on Cerebrovascular Form and Function." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/36449.
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The global occurrence of metabolic syndrome has reached epidemic proportions and is a contributing factor in the rising incidence of cognitive decline in the aging population. While pre-clinical research has advanced our understanding of many of the mechanisms underlying metabolic syndrome, animal models often do not reflect the complexity of human disease. For example, animal models that investigate the role played by diet in metabolic syndrome have generally focused on a single macronutrient, in particular fat or carbohydrate. As a result, although a balanced diet and increased physical activity are commonly recommended to treat metabolic syndrome symptomatology, their long-term cerebrovascular benefits are uncertain. To address these gaps in knowledge, a “Cafeteria” diet consisting of 16 common ultra-processed grocery store food items was used to model human metabolic syndrome in the rat. I compared rats fed a Cafeteria diet (CAF) to those fed “standard” chow (SD) as well as to a third group that underwent a switch to chow after chronic exposure to the Cafeteria diet (SWT). In a first study, I showed that three months of exposure to the Cafeteria diet produced metabolic syndrome as well as hippocampal neuroinflammation with increased microglial proliferation. These were fully reversed in SWT rats. Nonetheless, the Cafeteria diet did not worsen spatial learning and memory performance as assessed using the Barnes maze. In a second study, brain perfusion was examined using continuous arterial spin labeling magnetic resonance imaging (CASL MRI). Cortical and hippocampal resting perfusion was increased in CAF rats while cerebrovascular reactivity in response to a 10% CO2 vasodilatory challenge was reduced. Furthermore, while resting perfusion improved in SWT rats, cerebrovascular reactivity remained impaired. These cerebral blood flow outcomes were not accompanied by alterations in microvascular architecture or integrity as determined by rat endothelial cell antigen-1 (RECA-1) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) histology. Taken together, these results demonstrate that the Cafeteria diet is an effective model of metabolic syndrome that negatively impacts brain hemodynamic function. Moreover, while a dietary lifestyle intervention can recover peripheral features of metabolic syndrome, neuroinflammation, and resting perfusion, it is insufficient to completely reverse deficits in cerebrovascular reactivity. These findings are compelling as they speak to the detrimental effects of ultra-processed food consumption on cerebrovascular reserve capacity, believed to be an important factor in cognitive decline.
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Elkin, Suzanna. "Comprehensive Farm-to-School: A Mixed-Methods Case Study of the Classroom, Cafeteria, and Community." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2019. https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/1056.
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Farm-to-school (FTS) programs are supported at federal, state, and local levels as a cross-sectoral intervention to curb rising levels of obesity, strengthen local food systems, and improve school climate and academic outcomes. Comprehensive FTS programming, according to the “3-C” approach embraced by leaders in the FTS movement, includes interventions in three domains: the cafeteria, classroom, and community. FTS programming in these domains may include procurement of local food; school gardens; and education related to food, agriculture, and nutrition. Existing research supports the comprehensive FTS approach, illustrating that multi-component programs with strategies that are integrated across these environments improve outcomes for students. FTS programs have potential impacts in the sectors of public health, economic development, education, and environmental sustainability, and they involve a diverse range of stakeholders including students, teachers, school leadership, food service staff, local farmers, and state and national policymakers. However, literature on FTS programs is largely in the areas of health behavior and nutrition outcomes for students, and further investigations of other aspects may lead to improved programming.
The three distinct papers in this dissertation represent an unsequenced descriptive case study, in which each article explores one of the three FTS domains. The case study methodology allowed for in-depth mixed-methods data collection about a bounded system using multiple sources of information. The case for this research was a school district in northern California with a comprehensive FTS program supported by partnership with a local non-profit partner. The first study examines the classroom through teacher involvement in FTS programming using qualitative methods. Social cognitive theory is used as a framework to understand factors that impact classroom teacher involvement and propose strategies to support teacher involvement in FTS. The second study examines the cafeteria through research of a new school lunch program connected to the district FTS programming. Through mixed-methods data collection and analysis, the second article examines the factors that supported a school district in overcoming the barriers to instituting healthier meal options as well as a broad range of student outcomes. The third study examines the community through a qualitative exploration of the relationships between schools, families, and community partners at the case study site. Specifically, it examines FTS programming as an avenue for community partner involvement and family engagement in schools.
This research may support teachers, administrators, and non-profit partners in improving comprehensive FTS programming. These studies fill gaps in the research around the three domains of FTS, particularly the classroom and community, and they may contribute to further studies that seek to explore and compare the different aspects of FTS that lead to outcomes for students and schools. Each chapter may also be a resource for researchers in the fields of food, agriculture, and nutrition education; curriculum innovation; school food; and community-school partnerships.
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Baccetto, Raquel Lunardi. "Efeitos de um modelo de oferta e retirada de dieta de cafeteria sobre o comportamento alimentar e ansiedade em ratas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/59/59134/tde-24042017-112146/.
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A incidência global de obesidade tem aumentado nas últimas décadas e o consumo excessivo de alimentos industrializados ricos em açúcar e gordura está entre suas principais causas. Pesquisas recentes têm mostrado que estes alimentos desencadeiam mecanismos neurais e comportamentos semelhantes à adicção a drogas. Sabe-se que hábitos e preferências alimentares de adultos são adquiridos na infância, mas intervenções efetivas para prevenção da obesidade e suas comorbidades em crianças e adolescentes ainda constituem um desafio para a saúde pública. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar os efeitos do consumo de dieta de cafeteria e retirada desta no comportamento alimentar, peso corporal, perfil lipídico, regularidade do ciclo estral, e comportamento de ansiedade e motivação. Ratas Wistar tiveram acesso limitado a itens alimentares de consumo humano de alta densidade energética por quatro semanas, ao final das quais foi realizada a retirada da dieta experimental de duas maneiras: para um grupo total e brusca, e para outro gradual durante uma semana. Após essa retirada, que simula dietas humanas de restrição, as ratas foram submetidas a testes comportamentais para avaliar ansiedade (labirinto em cruz elevado), e motivação para restabelecimento do acesso à dieta de cafeteria (modelo de restabelecimento). O grupo submetido à dieta de cafeteria apresentou maior consumo de gorduras totais e saturadas (p<0,05), e menor consumo de proteínas totais e fibras (p<0,05). Apesar disso, o consumo energético diário entre os grupos não atingiu diferença estatisticamente significativa, assim como o peso corporal das ratas. Após retirada da dieta de cafeteria, o consumo energético foi reduzido significativamente, porém, não acompanhado de perda de peso. Houve diferença significativa no perfil lipídico, sendo que ratas do grupo Cafeteria Sem Retirada tiveram os maiores valores de colesterol total e colesterol LDL (p<0,05). As ratas que sofreram retirada da dieta de cafeteria tiveram seus valores de colesterol similares às alimentadas somente com ração. A retirada completa da dieta de cafeteria e consequente diminuição do consumo energético foi responsável por irregularidade no ciclo estral das ratas. Os resultados no labirinto em cruz elevado não atingiram diferença estatisticamente significativa. O grupo Ração passou mais tempo no lado claro (p<0,05), conforme mostrado pelo teste de restabelecimento. A oferta limitada, de curto prazo, pós-desmame da dieta de cafeteria foi efetiva no desenvolvimento de compulsão alimentar em ratas adolescentes, porém sem evidências de vício alimentar. É provável que a obesidade seja condição necessária para o vício. Esperamos que os resultados deste estudo contribuam para o conhecimento da relação entre qualidade da dieta e comportamento alimentar e de adicção em ratas adolescentes.The global incidence of obesity has steadily risen in the last decades and the excessive intake of industrialized food rich in sugar and fat is among its main causes. Recent researches have shown that these foods activate neural mechanism and behaviors similar to what is seen with drug addiction. It is known that adults eating habits and preferences are generally established during childhood, but effective preventive measures against obesity and its comorbities in children and adolescents are still a current public health challenge. The goal of the present study was to evaluate the effects of a cafeteria diet intake and withdrawal on eating behavior, body weight, lipid profile, estrous cycle regularity, and anxiety-like and motivational behavior. Female Wistar rats had limited access to energy-dense food items typically consumed by humans for four weeks, at the end of which, withdrawal from this diet occurred in one of two ways: for a group withdrawal was abrupt and total, and for another group, gradual for one week. After withdrawal, which attempts to mimic human restrictive dieting, we evaluated rats anxiety-like behavior through the elevated plus maze, and their motivation to reinstate access to the cafeteria diet through a reinstatement model. Daily energy intake between groups did not reach significant difference, as well as their body weight. Cafeteria fed rats did gain weight at a faster pace, and had a significant greater intake of total and saturated fat, and sodium (p<0.05); and a significantly lower intake of proteins and fibers (p<0.05). Groups that underwent withdrawal reduced their caloric intake significantly, but there was no weight loss. Rats with continuous access to cafeteria diet also had higher levels of total and LDL cholesterol (p<0.05), and rats from withdrawal groups had their cholesterol levels similar to chow-only animals. The total withdrawal of the cafeteria diet and resulting lower energy intake were also responsible for estrous cycle irregularities. There was no significant difference in rats performance in the EPM test. Chow only rats spent significantly more time in an aversive setting in order to gain access to an item from the cafeteria diet (p<0.05). The limited, short term, post-weaning offer of a cafeteria diet was effective in developing compulsive eating disorder, but without signs of food addiction. It is likely that obesity is precedent to the development of addiction. We expect that the results from this project contribute to the ongoing discussion and investigation on eating and addiction behavior in female adolescents rats.
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Salerno, Pamela Silva Vitória. "Efeito da dieta de cafeteria em ratos submetidos ao estresse crônico variado: análise de parâmetros bioquímicos e comportamentais." Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2014. http://repositorio.ufpel.edu.br/handle/ri/2715.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
Obesidade é definida pelo acúmulo de gordura no corpo, causada por um estilo de vida sedentário e ingestão de alimentos calóricos. As doenças relacionadas com o sobrepeso são consideradas um dos problemas de saúde pública mais grave em todo mundo, associada ao risco de diabetes e doenças cardiovasculares e certos tipos de câncer. O estresse também tem sido mencionado como um problema da sociedade moderna que causa distúrbios emocionais e fisiológicos. Nas últimas décadas foi crescente o número de doenças relacionadas ao estresse, sobrepeso e obesidade, associadas ao aumento do consumo de alimentos energeticamente densos. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar os efeitos de uma DC associada ao estresse crônico variado (ECV) nos parâmetros bioquímicos, depósitos de gordura corporal e comportamentais. Foram utilizados 40 ratos machos Wistar divididos em quatro grupos: Controle total (C) – Ração padrão sem modelo de estresse; Grupo estresse (E) – ração padrão e estresse; grupo Dieta de cafeteria sem estresse (D) e Grupo Dieta + Estresse (ED). Os animais foram submetidos ao ECV durante 40 dias, em horários e dias alternados. Os parâmetros de ansiedade avaliados pelo teste Labirinto em cruz elevado (Plus Maze) mostraram que a dieta foi capaz de reverter ou amenizar os efeitos do estresse. A atividade locomotora, avaliada pelo teste Campo Aberto (Open Field) não foi alterada pela dieta, nem pelo estresse. A memória avaliada pelo teste Reconhecimento de Objetos não foi alterada, nem pela dieta, nem pelo estresse. Os animais do grupo E obtiveram menor ganho de peso, e a dieta compensou o efeito do estresse em relação ao ganho de peso nos animais que receberam DC e ECV. Houve aumento do peso do fígado e dos tecidos adiposos (subcutâneo e abdominal) dos animais que receberam a DC, porém não submetidos ao ECV. Os níveis séricos de glicose, triglicerídeos, colesterol total, HDL-Colesterol, lipase, foram mensurados, porém não sofreram alterações significativas.
Obesity is defined as an accumulation of fat in the body, caused by a sedentary lifestyle and consumption of high-calorie foods. Diseases related to overweight are considered one of the most serious problems of public health worldwide, associated with risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease and certain cancers. Stress has also been mentioned as a problem of modern society that causes emotional and physiological disorders. In the last decades has been the increasing number of stress-related, overweight and obesity, associated with increased consumption of energy- dense foods. The object of study to evaluate the effects of a cafeteria diet associated with chronic varied stress (CVS) in biochemical parameters, deposits of body fat and behavioral. Stress Group (S) - standard chow and stress; cafeteria diet group without stress (D) and diet + stress group (SD) standard model without stress control group rats (C): Fourt Wistar rats were divided into four groups used). The animals were submitted to the CVS for 40 days on alternate days and times. The parameters of anxiety assessed by Plus Maze showed that the diet was able to reverse or ameliorate the effects of stress. Locomotors activity, assessed by the Open Field Test was not altered by diet or by stress. The memory assessed by the Object Recognition Test has changed, neither by diet nor by stress. Animals in group E had lower weight gain, diet and offset the effect of stress in relation to weight gain in animals fed cafeteria diet and CVS. There was an increase in liver weight and adipose tissues (subcutaneous and abdominal) of animals that received the cafeteria diet, but not undergoing CVS. Serum glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL- Cholesterol, lipase, were measured, but not changed significant.
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Mrázková, Petra. "Návrh na zvýšení motivace a spokojenosti zaměstnanců vybraného podniku." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-224010.
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This thesis deals with employee motivation and satisfaction in the selected company. The theoretical part defines basic concepts, various theories and describes some practical approaches to improving employee motivation and satisfaction. Analytical section describes the environment in which the business is located, then analyzes and evaluates the data. The proposal part contains specific opportunities for improvement which are based on the previous parts.
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Hakim, Sharon Marie. "Nutrition, choice, and the school cafeteria: an ecological approach to encouraging consumption of fruits and vegetables." Diss., Wichita State University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10057/6722.
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Growing rates of childhood obesity continue to be a major public health issue for this country. In order to impact childhood obesity at the population level it is necessary to shift our focus away from individual behaviors and towards the critical examination of the role that settings have in promoting or discouraging healthy eating.
One relevant setting in the fight against childhood obesity is the school cafeteria. Since 1946, the National School Lunch Program has worked to ensure that schools can provide their students with affordable daily access to nutritional, well-balanced meals. However, "food served" does not necessarily equal "food consumed;" high rates of waste, especially of fruits and vegetables, are well documented.
The current, mixed-method study examines the effectiveness of a low-cost intervention designed to increase student consumption of fruits and vegetables by altering the choice architecture of the cafeteria. This was done through the introduction of an active, forced choice into the school lunch service.
Consumption was measured by observing (n=2,064) and weighing (n=84) student plate waste over two ten-day periods pre-intervention and during implementation. Results show an average daily 15% increase in consumption of both fruits and vegetables during the intervention period. Qualitative interviews (n=34) were conducted in order to better understand the environment of the school cafeteria and identify any barriers to healthy eating that may exist within the setting.
Both quantitative and qualitative findings suggest that local schools can actively encourage students to take advantage of fruits and vegetables offered through the NSLP by implementing setting-level changes to the cafeteria environment.Thesis (Ph.D.)--Wichita State University, Fairmount College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Psychology
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Dias, Fernando Milanez. "Alterações imunometabólicas no tecido adiposo de camundongos alimentados com dieta cafeteria: papel anti-obesidade da acerola." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UNESC, 2013. http://repositorio.unesc.net/handle/1/3488.
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Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada ao Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, da Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense – UNESC, para obtenção do título de Mestre em Ciências da Saúde.Introdução: A obesidade tem sido estudada como uma doença metabólica e inflamatória e é caracterizada pelo aumento da produção de mediadores pro-inflamatórios pelo tecido adiposo. Para elucidar os efeitos dos componentes de uma dieta natural nas consequências inflamatórias e metabólicas da obesidade, foram examinados os efeitos do suco de acerola verde, madura e suco de acerola industrial (Malphingia emarginata DC) sobre proteínas relevantes na resposta inflamatória e envolvidas no processo da lipólise no tecido adiposo de camundongos com obesidade induzida por dieta.Materiais/Métodos: Dois grupos de camundongos suíços foram alimentados com uma dieta padrão (DP) ou dieta cafeteria (DC) por 13 semanas. Posteriormente os animais alimentados com DC foram divididos em cinco subgrupos, onde cada um deles recebeu suplementos diferentes por mais um mês (água, suco de acerola verde, suco de acerola madura, suco de acerola industrial ou vitamina C) por gavagem. Ensaios de imunoensaio, Western Bolt, colorimetria e histológico foram utilizados. Resultados: O grupo DC água (controle obeso) apresentou aumento significativo no índice de adiposidade e concentrações de triacilgliceróis. Adicionalmente, reduziu a relação IL-10/TNF-α no tecido adiposo, em comparação com o grupo controle magro. Em contraste, os grupos que ingeriram suco de acerola e vitamina C reduziram o ganho de peso e as concentrações de TAG, e aumentou a relação IL-10/TNF-α no tecido adiposo. Além disso, o grupo ingeriu suco de acerola reduziu a fosforilação da proteína JNK, e aumentou a fosforilação do IκBα e HSLser660no tecido adiposo. Conclusões: Tomados em conjunto, nossos resultados sugerem que o suco de acerola promove redução do quadro inflamatório de baixo grau e melhora os distúrbios metabólicos associados à obesidade, em especial na via lipolítica.
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Goularte, Jeferson Ferraz. "Efeitos da modificação alimentar e exercício físico sobre alterações produzidas pela dieta de cafeteria em ratas." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/34142.
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A obesidade afeta um número considerável de pessoas em todo o mundo e é caracterizada pelo acúmulo excessivo de tecido adiposo. A epidemia de obesidade parece ser o resultado de mudanças nos alimentos, nos hábitos alimentares e nos níveis de atividade física, sendo que a obesidade é considerada um fator de risco importante para o desenvolvimento de doenças como o diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Recentemente, a distribuição de gordura corporal na região intra-abdominal passou a ser mais importante para o entendimento das desordens metabólicas relacionadas à obesidade do que propriamente a deposição geral de gordura corporal. Os modelos animais são frequentemente utilizados para o estudo da obesidade e desordens associadas, sendo que a dieta de cafeteria é um modelo animal que reproduz de forma aproximada o padrão alimentar observado em muitos países e que está associado com a epidemia de obesidade. Para tratar a obesidade e suas complicações, modificações do padrão alimentar e a prática de exercício físico são fortemente recomendadas. Assim, considerando que a obesidade está associada a modificações do estilo de vida e mudanças no padrão alimentar, o presente estudo testou a hipótese de que o quadro de obesidade e as alterações metabólicas produzidas pela dieta de cafeteria podem ser revertidas com a modificação alimentar e/ou exercício físico. Foram utilizadas ratas com 21 dias de idade expostas inicialmente ao experimento 1 que estudou o “Efeito da dieta de cafeteria desde o desmame sobre a ingestão alimentar, peso corporal, peso dos órgãos, pressão arterial, ciclo estral, concentrações plasmáticas de insulina e glicose após 26 semanas” enquanto o experimento 2 avaliou o “Efeito da modificação alimentar e/ou exercício físico por 8 semanas sobre os desfechos produzidos pela dieta de cafeteria.” No experimento 1 os animais receberam dieta de cafeteria ou ração padrão e água por 26 semanas. No experimento 2 alguns animais foram mantidos no mesmo regime do experimento 1 por 34 semanas, enquanto outros animais foram mantidos no mesmo regime do experimento 1 e submetidos ao exercício ou à retirada da dieta de cafeteria por 8 semanas. Os resultados mostraram que a dieta de cafeteria resultou em menor ingestão de ração padrão, ganho de peso corporal, aumento de tecido adiposo visceral e do peso do fígado e redução do peso ovariano, além de resistência insulínica após 26 semanas de intervenção, porém sem piora da regularidade do ciclo estral ou do comportamento sexual. A retirada da dieta resultou em ingestão energética semelhante aos controles, além de reduzir o peso corporal, o peso do tecido adiposo visceral e o peso do fígado. Adicionalmente, o exercício físico foi capaz de aumentar a ingestão de água e a ingestão energética total, porém sem afetar o peso corporal ou a massa de tecido adiposo, além de aumentar a sensibilidade à insulina. Assim, o presente trabalho concluiu que a exposição à alimentação industrializada provocou obesidade e alterações metabólicas associadas e que a mudança de alimentação foi suficiente para melhorar o padrão alimentar e os desfechos produzidos pela dieta de cafeteria e que o exercício foi capaz de aumentar a sensibilidade à insulina mesmo em ratos obesos com um padrão alimentar contendo alimentos industrializados e de baixo valor nutricional.Obesity affects a large number of people around the world and is characterized by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue. The obesity epidemic appears to be the result of changes in food, eating habits and levels of physical activity. The obesity is considered an important risk factor for the development of diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus. Recently, body fat distribution in intra-abdominal region has become more important for the understanding of metabolic disorders related to obesity than actually the general distribution of body fat. Animal models are often used for the study of obesity and associated disorders, and the cafeteria diet is an animal model which reproduces the approximate feeding pattern observed in many countries and is associated with the obesity epidemic. To treat obesity and its complications, changes in dietary patterns and physical exercise are strongly recommended. Thus, considering that obesity is associated with changes in lifestyle and changes in eating patterns, this study tested the hypothesis that obesity and metabolic changes produced by the cafeteria diet can be reversed with dietary modification or exercise. We used 21-day-old female rats which were initially exposed to experiment 1, which studied the “Effect of cafeteria diet from weaning on food intake, body weight, organ weight, blood pressure, estrous cycle and plasma insulin and glucose level after 26 weeks” while the experiment 2 evaluated the "Effect of dietary modification and exercise for 8 weeks on the outcomes produced by the cafeteria diet. Initially the animals were fed a cafeteria diet or chow and water for 26 weeks. In the second experiment some animals were kept in the same scheme of experiment 1 for 34 weeks, while other animals were kept in the same scheme of the experiment 1 and submitted to exercise or withdrawal of the cafeteria diet for 8 weeks. The results showed that the cafeteria diet resulted in chow intake reduction, weight gain, increased visceral adipose tissue and liver weight, and reduced ovarian weight, besides insulin resistance after 26 weeks of intervention, but with no worsening of the regular estrous cycle or sexual behavior. The withdrawal of the cafeteria diet led to an energy intake similar to the control group, besides reduced body weight, visceral adipose tissue and liver weight. Additionally, exercise was able to increase the water intake and total energy intake, without affecting body weight or adipose tissue mass, and improve insulin sensitivity. Thus, this study found that exposure to industrialized food caused obesity and related metabolic disorders and that the change of diet was sufficient to increase chow intake and the outcomes produced by the cafeteria diet, and that exercise was able to increase insulin sensitivity even in obese rat submitted to diet containing industrialized foods.
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Didek, Daiane. "Efeitos da administração de liraglutida em ratos obesos sedentários e exercitados." Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, 2018. http://tede2.uepg.br/jspui/handle/prefix/2526.
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Daiane Didek.pdf: 2147992 bytes, checksum: fb8c4ca29516a68c37c8dc766dc39e8f (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-05T17:25:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) Daiane Didek.pdf: 2147992 bytes, checksum: fb8c4ca29516a68c37c8dc766dc39e8f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-23
Fundação Araucária de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico do Paraná
A liraglutida é um análogo do peptídeo semelhante ao glucagon-1 (GLP-1), já utilizada comercialmente para o tratamento da Diabetes mellitus tipo 2, que também mostra resultados na redução da ingestão alimentar e consequente redução do peso corporal. A associação do exercício físico com a liraglutida pode ser um importante meio de controle do metabolismo lipídico e ocasionalmente tratamento de alterações metabólicas como a obesidade. O objetivo do nosso trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da liraglutida, análogo do GLP-1 associado ao exercício físico nos parâmetros metabólicos, bioquímicos e antropométricos de ratos normais e obesos, induzidos por dieta de cafeteria. O experimento iniciou-se aos 21 dias de vida dos animais, estes foram divididos em oito grupos: Quatro controles (CON) recebendo ração padrão e agua ad libitum; quatro obesos (OBESO) recebendo a dieta de cafeteria ad libitum, adicionada a dieta padrão; subdivididos em (CON LIRA e OBESO LIRA) recebendo injeções subcutâneas de liraglutida dos 80 aos 90 dias de vida; (CON EXE LIRA e OBESO EXE LIRA) com intervenção da liraglutida e submetidos a natação por 15 minutos, três dias por semana e (CON EXE e OBESO EXE) somente com intervenção do exercício físico. Os resultados dos animais obesos demonstraram que a liraglutida reduziu, somente o consumo alimentar no final do experimento. O exercício físico mostrou melhores resultados na redução da gordura mesentérica, epididimal, retroperitoneal, níveis circulantes de glicose, índice de Lee, ganho de peso dos 80-90 dias de vida e aumentou o peso da glândula adrenal nos animais obesos, nos animais controle reduziu o peso do pâncreas, índice de Lee e colesterol total. A associação do exercício físico com a liraglutida apresentou melhores resultados na redução do peso corporal no final do experimento, redução do consumo dos 80-90 dias de vida, peso do fígado, níveis circulantes de triglicerídeos e insulina, índice HOMA-IR, nos animais obesos, porém aumentou o TNF-α nos animais obesos e controles. Concluímos que a intervenção com o exercício físico foi eficaz na redução de alguns parâmetros relacionados ao desenvolvimento da obesidade, porém a sua associação com a liraglutida por 10 dias mostra melhores resultados na redução do peso corporal, consumo alimentar e parâmetros bioquímicos, em animais obesos obtidos por dieta de cafeteria.
Liraglutide is an analog of the Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), already commercially used for the treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, which also shows results in the reduction of food intake and consequent reduction of body weight. The association of physical exercise with liraglutide may be an important means of controlling lipid metabolism and, occasionally, the treatment of metabolic disorders such as obesity. The objective of our study was to evaluate the effect of liraglutide, GLP-1 analog associated with physical exercise on metabolic, biochemical and anthropometric parameters of normal and obese rats, induced by the cafeteria diet. The experiment started at the 21 days of life of the animals, which these divided into eight groups: Four controls (CON) receiving standard chow and water ad libitum; four obese (OBESO) receiving the cafeteria diet ad libitum, added to the standard diet. The animals were further subdivided into (CON LIRA and OBESO LIRA) receiving subcutaneous injections of liraglutide from 80 to 90 days of life; (CON EXE LIRA and OBESO EXE LIRA) with intervention of liraglutide and submitted to swimming for 15 minutes, three days a week and (CON EXE and OBESO EXE) only with physical exercise intervention. The results of obese animals show that liraglutide reduced only food intake at the end of experiment. The physical exercise show better results in the reduction of the mesenteric, epididymal, retroperitoneal fat pad, circulating levels of glucose, Lee index, weight gain from 80-90 days of life and increased adrenal gland weight in obese animals, in control animals reduced the weight of the pancreas, Lee index and total cholesterol. The association of exercise with liraglutide show better results in reducing body weight at the end of the experiment, food intake of the 80-90 days of life, liver weight, circulating levels of triglycerides and insulin, HOMA-IR index, in obese animals, but increased the TNF-α in obese and control animals. We conclude that the intervention with physical exercise was effective in reducing some parameters related to the development of obesity, but its association with liraglutide for 10 days show that better results in reducing body weight, food intake and biochemical parameters in obese animals obtained by cafeteria diet.
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Caleiro, Eliana Miranda. "Efeito da suplementação do óleo de coco extra virgem sobre parâmetros clínicos e laboratoriais de ratos com obesidade induzida por dieta de cafeteria." Universidade do Oeste Paulista, 2012. http://bdtd.unoeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/265.
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Previous issue date: 2012-03-22This study aimed to evaluate the supplementation effects of extra virgin coconut oil (EVCO) on lipid parameters, weight, and body fat deposit of male and female rats with obesity induced by cafeteria diet. Were studied 48 rats divided into 3 groups (8 males and 8 females): CONTROL group: fed with commercial ration; OBESE Group: fed with cafeteria diet or palatable hyperlipidic diet (PHD); OBESE+COCO Group: PHD and supplemented with EVCO. The animals were weighed weekly, and in weeks 5 and 12 were assessed measures of body length and girth. After 12 weeks blood was collected for determination of total cholesterol and fractions (HDL and LDL), triglycerides (TG), collection and weighing the retroperitoneal and scrotal fat.It was noted that different effects were observed in obese and supplemented males and females. Females in OBESE group had significant elevation of total cholesterol, effect not attenuated by supplementation with EVCO. In TG, oil supplementation has proved beneficial, causing a reduction in serum levels in males and females. In the OBESE group, marked increase in LDL in females, and slightly increased in males were observed, and the supplementation with EVCO was more effective in lowering LDL in males than in females. In relation to HDL, the OBESE group revealed decrease in males but not in females, while in the OBESE + COCO group increased HDL occurred for both genders. The CONTROL and OBESE+COCO groups showed weight gain starting in the fourth and sixth weeks in males and females, respectively, while the OBESE group had won the starting third week in males and at the sixth week in females. Males had weights higher than females at twelve weeks evaluated. In weighing the retroperitoneal fat was observed lower values in CONTROL group, males showed higher values for females of all groups. The scrotal fat weight in the OBESE+COCO group was superior to CONTROL, and as well as circumference. In conclusion, the EVCO supplementation inobese rats showed lipid-lowering effects, mainly in males. However, the practice was not effective in reducing body weight in both genders, and promotes greater accumulation of abdominal fat in males, a risk factor for heart disease. Therefore, when performing EVCO supplementation should be considered where the desired benefit, gender and the possible effects that this supplement can produce.
Este estudo objetivou avaliar os efeitos da suplementação do óleo de coco extra virgem (OCEV) sobre os parâmetros lipídicos, peso, medidas e depósito de gordura corporal de ratos machos e fêmeas com obesidade induzida por dieta de cafeteria. Foram estudados 48 ratos Wistar, divididos em 3 grupos (8 machos e 8 fêmeas): Grupo CONTROLE: alimentados com ração comercial; Grupo OBESO: alimentados com dieta de cafeteria ou palatável hiperlipídica (DPH); Grupo OBESO+COCO: alimentados com DPH e suplementados com OCEV. Os animais foram pesados a cada 7 dias, e nas semanas 5 e 12 foram aferidas medidas de cintura corporal. Após 12 semanas foi realizada coleta de sangue para determinação do colesterol total e frações (HDL e LDL), triglicérides (TG) e glicose, bem como coleta e pesagem da gordura retroperitoneal e escrotal nos machos. Tanto a obesidade, quanto a suplementação do OCEV, produziram diferentes efeitos em machos e fêmeas. Fêmeas do grupo OBESO apresentaram importante elevação do colesterol total, efeito não atenuado pela suplementação com OCEV. No TG, a suplementação do óleo revelou-se benéfica, causando redução dos níveis séricos em machos e fêmeas. No grupo OBESO houve acentuado aumento do LDL nas fêmeas, e discreto aumento em machos, sendo que a suplementação com OCEV foi mais eficaz na redução do LDL em machos que em fêmeas. Em relação ao HDL, o grupo OBESO apresentou redução em machos, mas não em fêmeas, enquanto no grupo OBESO+COCO houve aumento do HDL para os dois gêneros. Os grupos CONTROLE e OBESO+COCO apresentaram ganho de peso a partir da quarta e sexta semanas do estudo em machos e fêmeas, respectivamente, enquanto o grupo OBESO apresentou ganho a partir da terceira semana nos machos e sexta semana nas fêmeas. Os machos tiveram pesos superiores aos das fêmeas nas 12 semanas avaliadas. Na pesagem da gordura retroperitoneal observou-se valores inferiores no grupo CONTROLE, e os machos apresentaram valores superiores ao das fêmeas de todos os grupos. O peso da gordura escrotal no grupo OBESO+COCO foi superior ao CONTROLE, assim como a circunferência abdominal. Conclui-se que a suplementação do OCEV em ratos obesos demonstrou efeitos hipolipemiantes, predominantemente em machos. Entretanto, a prática não foi eficaz em reduzir o peso corporal em ambos os gêneros, além de promover maior acúmulo de gordura abdominal em machos, fator de risco para doenças do coração. Portanto, ao realizar suplementação com OCEV deve-se considerar qual o benefício desejado, o gênero e os possíveis efeitos que este suplemento pode produzir.
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Baba, Vinicius Akira. "Diagnóstico e análise de oportunidade de melhoria em um restaurante universitário por meio da filosofia Seis Sigma." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/96/96132/tde-29042008-113937/.
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O método DMAIC do programa de qualidade Seis Sigma reúne um conjunto de métodos e ferramentas estatísticas para o estudo da variabilidade dos processos. Uma vez identificados e estudados os pontos de oportunidade, faz-se o planejamento e a implantação de melhorias, em geral, com significativos benefícios para os resultados da organização. O processo de produção de refeições também pode ser estudado sob esta ótica, isto é, a redução da variabilidade nos processos pode contribuir como uma estratégia para a melhoria da qualidade e redução dos custos. O objetivo desta dissertação é o de utilizar conceitos da filosofia Seis Sigma para realizar um estudo das oportunidades de melhoria em um restaurante universitário e fazer sugestões de ações que tragam benefícios financeiros e melhorem seus processos. Além da pesquisa bibliográfica sobre o método DMAIC e administração de Unidades de Alimentação e Nutrição (UAN), foi realizado um projeto no Restaurante Central do Campus da USP de Ribeirão Preto, com o objetivo de reduzir o desperdício de alimentos. Foram coletados dados sobre a aceitação das refeições pelos usuários no refeitório do restaurante central, onde os usuários servem-se em bandejas, e no refeitório II, onde os usuários servem-se em pratos, além do levantamento dos restos em cada refeitório. A análise dos dados sugere que a utilização de pratos ao invés de bandejas pode reduzir o desperdício de alimentos e até aumentar a aceitação dos alimentos pelos usuários, atendendo a dois requisitos importantes do programa de qualidade Seis Sigma: o foco no cliente e o impacto financeiro.The DMAIC method from the SIX SIGMA quality program assembles a set of methods and statistics tools for the variability process study. Once the opportunities are identified and studied, the improvements are planned and established, in general, with significant benefit for the entity result. The meal production process can also be studied from this perspective, that is, decreasing process variability can contribute as a strategy for the improvement of quality and cost reduction. The purpose of this thesis is to apply concept from the Six Sigma philosophy to perform a study on the improvement opportunities in a university cafeteria and suggest actions that results in financial benefits and process enhancement. Besides bibliographic research about the DMAIC method and UAN (Unidades de Alimentação e Nutrição) management process, a project was performed at the main cafeteria of the USPRibeirão Preto campus, with the purpose to reduce food waste. Meal acceptance data were collected from customers at both, the main cafeteria, where the meal is served in a tray, and from the cafeteria II, where the meal is served in a plate, and a survey of the leftover in each site were also performed. The analysis suggests that using plates instead of trays can reduce food waste and even increase the customer\'s acceptance of the food, fulfilling two important requirements of the Six Sigma quality program: focus on the customer and financial impact.
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Morais, Graciele Lima. "Efeitos da dieta de cafeteria durante a gestação e lactação sobre parâmetros glicêmicos e perfil lipídico em ratas." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFBA, 2013. http://www.repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/10447.
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CNPQ; CAPES; PROCAD
Objetivo: avaliar os efeitos da dieta de cafeteria durante a gestação e lactação sobre os parâmetros glicêmicos e perfil lipídico. Métodos: Ratas Wistar (90-100dias) foram alimentadas com dieta de cafeteria (GT=10) e dieta padrão (GC =10) durante a gestação e lactação. Durante esse período foi avaliado o consumo alimentar e o peso corporal em dias alternados. Após o período da lactação foi realizado o teste de tolerância a glicose (TTG) e o teste de tolerância a insulina (TTI). O perfil lipídico foi determinado pela análise das concentrações séricas de colesterol total, LDL-c, HDL-c e triglicérides. Para a comparação dos grupos foi utilizado o teste t-student, tendo p<0,05 como nível de significância para I.C. de 95%. Resultados: Durante o período estudado não houve diferença no ganho ponderal entre os grupos analisados. As ratas alimentadas com dieta de cafeteria apresentaram consumo alimentar reduzido (p≤ 0,05). Os animais do grupo teste apresentaram maior taxa de remoção da glicose sérica quando comparado ao grupo controle (p≤ 0,05). Não houve alteração do perfil lipídico entre os grupos. Conclusão: Os resultados sugerem que a exposição materna a dieta de cafeteria durante a gestação e lactação pode promover alterações em parâmetros glicêmicos em ratas.
Salvador
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Mendes, Mariana Carla. "Efeito da derivação duodeno-jejunal sobre a secreção de insulina em ratos obesos pela dieta de cafeteria." Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Parana, 2015. http://tede.unioeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/666.
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Previous issue date: 2015-02-02Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
This study was designed to evaluate whether DJB in western diet (WD)-obese rats could have effects on pancreatic β-cell morphology and islet responsiveness to potentiating agents involved with the protein kinase A (PKA) and C (PKC) pathway. Male Wistar rats with 8 weeks of life were fed a standard rodent chow diet (CTL group) or WD ad libitum. After 10 weeks, WD rats were submitted to sham operation or DJB, forming WD SHAM and WD DJB group, respectively. After two months, the obesity parameters, insulin resistance (IR), pancreas morphology, insulin secretion stimulate by different secretagogues and islet protein expression were verified. WD SHAM rats displayed obesity, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, glucose intolerance and IR. In addition, they also presented an increase in islets and β-cells area and mass. The glucose-induced insulin secretion stimulated by 11.1 mM glucose in the presence of carbachol (CCh), PMA, Forskolin or IBMX was higher in WD SHAM islets than CTL islets. DJB surgery did not alter body weight but normalized glucose, insulinemia, IR, and decreased islet and β-cells mass. The insulin release stimulated by glucose in the presence of CCh, PMA, Forskolin or IBMX was too normalized in WD DJB group. The expression of glucokinase, PKC, PKA and sintaxin was not altered in WD SHAM rats, but the M3 receptor was down-regulated. DJB did not influence these protein expressions. DJB surgery normalized glicemia, insulinemia and IR, reduced islets and β-cell mass and normalized insulin secretion by PKC and PKA pathway.
O presente estudo avaliou o efeito da derivação duodeno jejunal (DDJ) em ratos obesos pela dieta de cafeteria (CAF) sobre a morfofisiologia, com enfâse na ação de agentes potencializadores da secreção de insulina. Ratos Wistar com 8 semanas de vida receberam dieta padrão formando o crupo controle (CTL) ou CAF ad libitum. Após 10 semanas, os ratos CAF foram submetidos à falsa operação ou a DDJ, formando os grupos CAF SHAM e CAF DDJ, respectivamente. Após dois meses, foram avaliados os parâmetros de obesidade, resistência à insulina (RI), morfologia do pâncreas, secreção de insulina estimulada por glicose, carbacol (CCh), PMA, IBMX e Forscolina, e a expressão proteica de glicoquinase (GCK), receptor muscarínico M3, proteina quinase C e A (PKC e PKA) e Sintaxina-1, nas ilhotas. Os animais do grupo CAF SHAM tornaram-se obesos, hiperglicêmicos, hiperinsulinêmicos, intolerantes à glicose e resistentes à insulina. Além disso, apresentaram aumento na massa da ilhota e das células β. A secreção de insulina estimulada por 11.1 mM de glicose na presença de CCh, PMA, Forskolin ou IBMX foi significativamente maior no grupo CAF SHAM em relação ao grupo CTL. A DDJ não alterou o peso corporal, mas normalizou a glicemia, insulinemia, a RI e diminuiu a massa das ilhotas e das células β. A secreção de insulina estimulada pelos diferentes secretagogos também foi normalizada no grupo CAF DDJ. A expressão proteica da GCK, PKC, PKA e sintaxina não foi alterada no grupo CAF SHAM em relação ao CTL, todavia a expressão do receptor M3 foi reduzida. A DDJ não influenciou na expressão dessas proteínas. Em conclusão, a cirurgia de DDJ normalizou a glicemia, a insulinemia e a RI, reduziu a massa das ilhotas e das células β bem como, normalizou a secreção de insulina via PKC e PKA.
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Slawson, Deborah L., Jodi Southerland, Elizabeth F. Lowe, William T. Dalton, Deborah T. Pfortmiller, and Karen Schetzina. "Go Slow Whoa Meal Patterns: Cafeteria Staff and Teacher Perceptions of Effectiveness in Winning With Wellness Schools." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1111/josh.12056.
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BACKGROUND
School‐based interventions hold promise for child obesity prevention. Implemented as a part of the Winning With Wellness obesity prevention project, the “Go Slow Whoa” meal pattern (GSW) was designed to promote healthier foods in school cafeterias. This investigation determined perceived program effectiveness and impact on student's food purchases.
METHODS
A mixed method design was used, including focus groups with cafeteria staff (CS), quantitative analysis of CS and teacher surveys, and pre‐post analysis of cafeteria sales. A total of 37 CS and 131 teachers from 7 schools in northeast Tennessee participated.
RESULTS
CS recognized the important role of school nutrition services in influencing student choices, yet perceived lack of administrative support for cafeteria‐based interventions and minimal interaction with teachers were barriers. CS also believed that students choose less nutritious options due to family influence. Cafeteria sales indicated that changes were made in menu planning and production, yet students' choices improved minimally. Teachers expressed moderate levels of confidence in GSW as influential in children's dietary habits.
CONCLUSIONS
Successful implementation of school‐based nutrition programs requires supportive policies, administrators, and teachers. CS should be included in program implementation efforts and the role of school nutrition services should be maximized.
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Higa, Talita Sayuri. "Potencial do treinamento físico aeróbio para a prevenção do diabetes tipo 2 induzido por dieta de cafeteria: papel do tecido adiposo branco." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/39/39132/tde-05022013-081445/.
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Evidências na literatura demonstraram que o aumento da adiposidade confere maior suscetibilidade ao desenvolvimento de diabetes tipo 2, pois o tecido adiposo branco (TAB) atua na regulação da homeostasia energética e da sensibilidade à insulina através da sua atividade endócrina e de interações com reguladores neuroendócrinos. O treinamento físico aeróbio tem sido fortemente recomendado para a prevenção e tratamento do diabetes tipo 2, pois promove adaptações no metabolismo energético que contribuem diretamente para a melhora da resposta glicêmica e para o controle de peso corporal. Embora esteja claro na literatura o papel do treinamento físico contra o desenvolvimento de distúrbios no metabolismo da glicose e obesidade, uma lacuna de conhecimento ainda existe quando buscamos informações a respeito da participação metabólica do TAB na prevenção do diabetes tipo 2 através do treinamento físico aeróbio. Dessa forma, o presente estudo teve como objetivo testar a hipótese de que o efeito protetor do treinamento físico contra o desenvolvimento de diabetes tipo 2 é mediado por adaptações funcionais do TAB. Para isso, foram utilizados camundongos alimentados com dieta normocalórica e de cafeteria submetidos ou não ao treinamento físico aeróbio. O treinamento físico aeróbio foi eficaz para a prevenção do diabetes tipo 2, e essa resposta foi associada à menor adiposidade corporal resultante do aumento da lipólise e da capacidade oxidativa do TAB induzido pela maior ativação via da AMPK/ACCEvidence in the literature have shown that increased adiposity confers greater susceptibility to developing type 2 diabetes and white adipose tissue (WAT) acts in the regulation of energy homeostasis and insulin sensibility through its endocrine activity and interaction with neuroendocrine regulators. Aerobic physical training has been strongly recommended for the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes because it promotes adaptations in the energy metabolism that contribute directly to the improvement of glycemic metabolism and body weight control. Although it is clear in the literature the role of physical training against the development of disturbances in the glucose metabolism and obesity, the role of WAT to prevent type 2 diabetes through physical training was poorly investigated. Thus, the present study aimed to test the hypothesis that the protective effect of physical training against the development of type 2 diabetes is mediated by functional adaptations of WAT. For this, we used mice fed with control or cafeteria diet and submitted or not to aerobic physical training. The physical training was effective for the prevention of type 2 diabetes, and this response was associated with lower body fat due to increased lipolysis and oxidative capacity of WAT induced by the activation of AMPK/ACC
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Ulsenheimer, Bruna Hart. "Estudo da derivação duodenojejunal sobre a estrutura das fibras musculares e junções neuromusculares do músculo diafragma de ratos obesos induzidos por dieta de cafeteria." Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Parana, 2014. http://tede.unioeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/664.
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Previous issue date: 2014-04-09Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Concerning obesity, the diaphragm dynamics can be impaired due to the excess of fat deposited in thorax and abdomen, leading to changes in respiratory function. A technique of bariatric surgery known as duodenal-jejunal bypasses (DJB) has been investigated as a treatment strategy in obesity and its comorbidities. However, the effects of this procedure on skeletal muscles have not yet been observed. The present study aimed at investigating the DJB effects on the neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) and muscle fibers of diaphragm of obese rats induced by cafeteria diet. Male Wistar rats were divided into two groups: a control group (CTL) that received a standard diet and water, and Western Diet group (WD) that received a cafeteria diet and soft drink for 10 weeks. After this period, WD group was distributed into two groups: WD sham-operated rats (WD SHAM); and WD DJB-operated rats (WD DJB). Following surgery, both the WD groups continued to receive the cafeteria diet. After eight weeks, the animals were euthanized and samples of diaphragm muscle were collected to analyze its fibers, quantify its collagen and evaluate NMJs morphometric. WD SHAM rats displayed an increase in body weight, the Lee index and retroperitoneal and peri-epididymal fat pads compared to the CTL group and DJB surgery did not alter these parameters. The muscle fiber structure and NMJs were similar in the WD SHAM and CTL groups. However, the WD SHAM group showed alterations in the fiber ultrastructure, such as loosely arranged myofibrils and Z line disorganization in the diaphragm. In addition, WD SHAM animals presented a considerable amount of lipid droplets and a reduction in the percentage of collagen in diaphragm muscle compared to the CTL group. DJB did not affect the structure or ultrastructure of the muscle fibers or the NMJs in the diaphragm of the WD DJB animals. Two months after the procedure, DJB did not improve the alterations observed in the diaphragm of WD obese-rats.
Na obesidade, a dinâmica do músculo diafragma pode ser prejudicada pelo excesso de tecido adiposo depositado no tórax e abdome, levando a alterações na mecânica respiratória. Uma técnica de cirurgia bariátrica conhecida como a derivação duodenojejunal (DDJ) tem sido investigada como estratégia de tratamento na obesidade e em suas comorbidades. Todavia, os efeitos desse procedimento sobre a musculatura esquelética ainda não foram observados. Assim, o presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar os efeitos da DDJ sobre as junções neuromusculares (JNMs) e nas fibras musculares do músculo diafragma de ratos obesos induzidos por dieta de cafeteria. Ratos Wistar machos foram separados em dois grupos: grupo controle (CTL) que recebeu dieta padrão e água, e grupo cafeteria (CAF) que recebeu dieta de cafeteria e refrigerante durante 10 semanas. Após este período, o grupo CAF foi distribuído em dois grupos: Grupo cafeteria submetido à falsa operação (CAF SHAM) e Grupo cafeteria submetido à DDJ (CAF DDJ). Após a cirurgia, ambos os grupos CAF continuaram a receber a dieta de cafeteria. Passadas oito semanas, os animais foram eutanasiados e amostras do músculo diafragma foram coletadas para análise das fibras musculares, quantificação de colágeno e avaliação morfométrica das JNMs. Os animais do grupo CAF SHAM apresentaram aumento do peso corporal, no índice de Lee e nas gorduras retroperitoneal e periepididial quando comparado ao grupo CTL e a cirurgia de DDJ não reverteu este parâmetro. A estrutura das fibras musculares e das JNMs foram semelhante entre os grupos CAF SHAM e CTL. No entanto, o grupo CAF SHAM apresentou alterações na ultraestrutura das fibras como miofibrilas frouxamente arranjadas e desorganização de linha Z no músculo diafragma. Além disso, o grupo CAF SHAM apresentou uma quantidade considerável de gotículas de lipídios e redução na porcentagem de colágeno quando comparado ao grupo CTL. A DDJ não afetou a estrutura e a ultraestrutura das fibras musculares ou das JNMs do músculo diafragma dos animais do grupo CAF DDJ. Dois meses após o procedimento, a DDJ não melhorou as alterações observadas no músculo diafragma de ratos obesos induzidos por dieta de cafeteria.
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Desmarchelier, Charles. "Effets de régimes hyperlipidique et cafeteria sur le développement de l'obésité et ses désordres associés chez la souris." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00601961.
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Introduction : L'obésité est causée par un déséquilibre prolongé entre les apports énergétiques et l'activité physique, dépendant du métabolisme de base, de la production de chaleur et des effets thermogéniques du régime et de l'activité physique. Chez les rongeurs, l'obésité induite par le régime peut être obtenue par différents régimes et approches. A cet égard, les régimes hyperlipidiques sont considérés comme les régimes de référence pour générer des modèles de l'obésité chez le rongeur et engendrent des pathologies similaires à celles rencontrées chez l'homme. Cependant, ce régime alimentaire est loin d'être standardisé et a été critiqué sur le fait que la prise énergétique totale et non uniquement les lipides régissait l'accumulation de graisse corporelle chez l'homme. Ainsi, les régimes cafétéria ont été introduits : en offrant en plus d'un régime non purifié un choix de plusieurs aliments appétants, de composition, d'apparence et de texture différentes, ils permettent le développement de l'obésité en déclenchant l'hyperphagie. Objectif : L'objet de ces travaux a été de comparer chez des souris obèses les effets d'un régime hyperlipidique à ceux d'un régime cafétéria sur la prise de nourriture, la prise de poids et les déterminants du métabolisme et de l'homéostase énergétique. Résultats : Nos résultats démontrent qu'un régime hyperlipidique et un régime cafeteria permettent tous deux d'obtenir un phénotype obèse mais sans causer nécessairement les mêmes changements métaboliques. Le régime cafétéria, caractérisé par un contenu en glucides (principalement le sucrose) plus élevé et un contenu en lipides plus faible, semble avoir des conséquences plus néfastes pour le foie et provoque des changements plus prononcés au niveau du microbiote intestinal. Malgré un contenu en cholestérol plus faible que dans le régime hyperlipidique, les souris nourries au régime cafétéria présentaient une cholestérolémie similaire. Les niveaux d'expression des gènes impliqués dans le métabolisme du cholestérol dans l'intestin grêle et le foie suggèrent une augmentation de la synthèse de cholestérol de novo et une modification de son transport, ces effets étant plus marqués chez les souris nourries au régime hyperlipidique. Conclusion : Ces résultats remettent en question le statut des régimes hyperlipidiques pour déclencher l'obésité et pour générer ses pathologies associées. Les régimes cafétéria sont aussi efficaces à cet égard et sont plus proches des régimes consommés chez l'homme.
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Fontes, Gleide Gatti. "Efeito de formulação fitoterápica contendo Calendula officinalis no metabolismo lipídico em ratos Wistar alimentados com dieta de cafeteria." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2015. http://www.locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/6491.
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Calendula officinalis (Asteraceae) é uma planta medicinal popularmente conhecida como malmequer. O extrato de suas flores é fonte de flavonoides, compostos que apresentam propriedades principalmente antioxidantes. Há indícios da atividade hipolipidêmica desta planta na literatura, mas sem estudos de comprovação. Fármacos utilizados atualmente nas dislipidemias apresentam muitos efeitos adversos e alto custo de aquisição, justificando a busca de novos medicamentos dentro deste contexto. O estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito hipolipidêmico de uma formulação fitoterápica contendo extrato de Calendula officinalis, na forma de ensaio biológico, utilizando Rattus norvegicus linhagem Wistar albina alimentados com dieta de cafeteria. O extrato liofilizado da planta foi obtido por processo de maceração com etanol. A partir deste extrato foi realizada a quantificação de flavonoides totais por espectrofotometria (415nm), atividade antioxidante pelo método colorimétrico de redução do ABTS+ (734nm) e o perfil cromatográfico qualitativo através da CLAE. Ratos Wistar com aproximadamente quarenta dias de idade foram divididos em sete grupos de acordo com o tratamento recebido: G1 (Controle basal): Ração comercial; G2: Dieta cafeteria (CAF), sem tratamento; G3: CAF+ Atorvastatina (10 mg/Kg); G4: CAF+ veículo formulação; G5, G6 e G7: CAF+ tratamento com formulação fitoterápica contendo o extrato liofilizado nas doses 50, 100 e 150 mg/Kg respectivamente. O tempo total do experimento foi de setenta e sete dias, sendo doze dias de adaptação, quarenta e cinco dias de indução e vinte dias de tratamento. Foi realizado controle da massa corporal dos animais, assim como do consumo alimentar e os parâmetros bioquímicos séricos foram dosados utilizando-se kits comerciais. Foi realizada também a avaliação histopatológica qualitativa do fígado dos animais, através da coloração com hematoxilina/eosina. Para as análises estatísticas utilizou-se ANOVA com pós-teste de Tukey para múltiplas comparações (p<0.05). O extrato das flores de C. officinalis apresentou teor de flavonoides de 0,42% e no ensaio do ABTS, o extrato apresentou um valor de atividade antioxidante equivalente ao Trolox (TEAC) de 0,011. O perfil cromatográfico qualitativo, através da comparação com padrões, sugeriu a presença dos flavonoides rutina, quercetina e morina. No ensaio biológico, os tratamentos com a formulação contendo o extrato não afetaram estatisticamente os níveis sanguíneos de glicose, colesterol total, triacilgliceróis e VLDL, no entanto impactou positivamente nos níveis de LDL e HDL, bem como na relação LDL/HDL, sendo este um índice de risco cardiovascular mensurado. O tratamento, aparentemente, promoveu a redução da quantidade das gotículas de lipídios no tecido hepático. Concluiu-se que o tratamento com a formulação contendo extrato de C. officinalis, na presente condição experimental, foi eficaz na modulação do perfil lipídico e a planta medicinal estudada apresenta possibilidade de utilização no controle e prevenção das dislipidemias e doenças associadas, podendo atuar positivamente na redução do risco cardiovascular, sendo os resultados obtidos bastante vantajosos. Esta planta medicinal está contida no RENISUS (Relação nacional de plantas medicinais de interesse ao SUS), havendo grande valorização de seu potencial no Brasil.
Calendula officinalis (Asteraceae) is a medicinal plant popularly known as marigold. The extract of its flowers is a source of flavonoids, compounds which have mainly antioxidant properties. There is evidence of hypolipidemic activity of this plant in the literature, but unproven studies. Drugs currently used in dyslipidemia have many adverse effects and high cost, justifying the search for new drugs within this context. The study aimed to evaluate the hypolipidemic effect of a herbal formulation containing Calendula officinalis extract in the form of biological assay using Rattus norvegicus Wistar albino strain fed with cafeteria diet. The lyophilized plant extract is obtained by maceration with ethanol process. From this extract was carried out quantification of total flavonoids by spectrophotometry (415 nm), antioxidant activity by the colorimetric method of reducing the ABTS+ (734nm) and the qualitative chromatographic profile by HPLC. Wistar rats with about forty days of age were divided into seven groups according to the treatment received: G1 (Basal Control): Commercial diet; G2: cafeteria diet (CAF) without treatment; G3: CAF + Atorvastatin (10 mg / kg); G4: CAF + vehicle formulation; G5, G6 and G7: + CAF treatment with the lyophilized formulation containing herbal extract in doses 50, 100 and 150 mg / kg respectively. The total experiment time was seventy-seven days, twelve days of adaptation, forty five days of induction and twenty days of treatment. It was held control of animal body weight, and food consumption and serum biochemical parameters were measured using commercial kits. It also performed a qualitative histopathological evaluation of the liver of animals, by staining with hematoxylin / eosin. For statistical analysis we used ANOVA with Tukey's post-test for multiple comparisons (p <0.05). The extract of C. officinalis flowers presented flavonoid content of 0.42%, and ABTS assay, the extract showed a value of antioxidant activity equivalent to Trolox (TEAC) of 0.011. The qualitative chromatographic profile by comparison with standards, has suggested the presence of flavonoids rutin, quercetin and morin. In biological assay, treatment with the formulation containing the extract does not statistically affect the blood levels of glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides and VLDL, however positively impacted in LDL and HDL, as well as the LDL / HDL ratio, which is a cardiovascular risk measured. The treatment apparently promoted to reduce the amount of lipid droplets in liver tissue. It was concluded that treatment with the formulation containing C. officinalis extract, in this experimental condition, was effective in modulating the lipid profile and the medicinal plant study presents can be used in the control and prevention of dyslipidemia and related diseases, it can act positively in the reduction of cardiovascular risk and the results obtained very advantageous. This medicinal plant is contained in RENISUS (National List of medicinal plants of interest to SUS), with great appreciation potential in Brazil.
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Jacobs, Silvana. "Consequências do consumo materno de dieta de cafeteria sobre o perfil endócrino e a função reprodutiva da prole." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/87569.
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A prevalência de sobrepeso e de obesidade constitui um sério problema de saúde mundial, abrangendo todas as faixas etárias, incluindo crianças. Neste aspecto, observa-se uma importante relação entre a obesidade materna e a obesidade infantil, a qual tende a persistir na idade adulta. Entretanto, ainda não está claro o impacto dos diferentes fatores que podem influenciar o desenvolvimento da obesidade infantil, tais como as modificações no ambiente intrauterino e no ambiente neonatal. A Angiotensina II (ang II) tem sido relacionada a alterações patológicas associadas à obesidade como hipertensão arterial sistêmica e diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM 2). O presente estudo analisou as consequências do consumo materno de dieta de cafeteria, ofertado em diferentes fases da reprodução, sobre aspectos endócrinos, metabólicos e reprodutivos da prole de ratas Wistar. Para isso, ratas foram alimentadas com ração padrão (grupo controle PAD) ou com dieta de cafeteria (grupo CAF) durante dez semanas a partir do desmame. No primeiro dia de gestação, estes grupos foram subdivididos: metade do grupo controle passou a receber dieta de cafeteria até o final da lactação (grupo PAD/CAF) e metade do grupo cafeteria passou a receber ração padrão até o final da lactação (grupo CAF/PAD). Após o desmame dos filhotes, foram analisados, nas mães, o peso corporal, o conteúdo de gordura abdominal, as concentrações plasmáticas de insulina, leptina, angiotensina II, prolactina, triglicerídeos, colesterol total e glicose. Na prole do sexo masculino, quando adutlos, foram avaliados os mesmos parâmetros, acrescido de dosagens plasmáticas de LH, FSH e testosterona e da análise do comportamento sexual. Nas ratas, foi demonstrado que o consumo de dieta de cafeteria produziu aumento de peso corporal, de gordura abdominal, e das concentrações de insulina, leptina, ang II e triglicerídeos. Em associação, observamos aumento do cuidado maternal. Ao contrário, a suspensão da dieta durante a gestação/lactação reverteu estes efeitos (grupo CAF/PAD). As proles das ratas que consumiram dieta de cafeteria durante a gestação/lactação apresentaram, quando adultas, aumento do conteúdo de gordura abdominal, de insulina, de leptina e de triglicerídeos. Estes achados foram mais pronunciados na prole das ratas que receberam dieta de cafeteria desde o desmame até o final da lactação. Entretanto, foi observado que as proles de todas as ratas que, em algum momento foram expostas à dieta de cafeteria, apresentaram modificações nas concentrações dos hormônios reprodutivos, associado à inibição do comportamento sexual. O bloqueio dos receptores AT1 para ang II, através da administração de losartan na água de beber das mães dos 4 diferentes grupos, preveniu o aumento de gordura corporal e as demais alterações observadas com o consumo desta dieta. Também houve a normalização dos diferentes parâmetros do comportamento maternal. Deste modo, foram prevenidas as repercussões negativas da obesidade materna sobre a prole, de modo que os descendentes, quando adultos, não apresentaram o aumento de gordura abdominal e as demais alterações endócrinas e metabólicas previamente descritas. Ainda, houve a normalização dos diferentes parâmetros do comportamento sexual, em associação ao restabelecimento das concentrações fisiológicas dos hormônios reprodutivos. Os resultados deste estudo demonstram que o desencadeamento da obesidade infantil parece ser resultante do somatório de diferentes fatores, incluindo a obesidade materna e a modificação do ambiente neonatal, representado pelo aumento do cuidado maternal. Além disso, a administração do antagonista losartan em ratas submetidas à dieta de cafeteria a partir do desmame, previne a obesidade e suas modificações associadas. Consequentemente, é possível prevenir os diversos efeitos negativos observados nos seus descendentes.Overweight and obesity are a major public health problem all over the world, reaching all the age groups, including children. In this respect, it is noted an important relation between maternal and childhood obesity, tending to persist in adulthood. However it is not clear the impact of different factors influencing the development of childhood obesity, such as the changes in the intrauterine and neonatal environment. Angiotensin II (ang II) has been related to pathological alterations associated with obesity such as hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2).This study analyzed the consequences of the maternal consumption of cafeteria diet, offered in different phases of reproduction on endocrine, metabolic and reproductive aspects in the offspring of Wistar rats. For that, rats were fed standard chow (PAD control group) for 10 weeks since weaning. On the first day of gestation, the groups were subdivided: half of the control group was given cafeteria diet until the end of lactation (PAD/CAF group) and half of the cafeteria diet group was given standard chow until the end of lactation (CAF/PAD group). After pups weaning, it was analyzed the body weight, content of abdominal fat, plasma concentration of insulin, leptin, angiotensin II, prolactin, triglycerides, total cholesterol and glucose in mothers. In the male rat offspring, when adults, the same parameters plus plasma doses of LH, FSH and testosterone were evaluated as well as the sexual behavior. In female rats, it was demonstrated that the consumption of cafeteria diet produced increase of body weight, abdominal fat, and insulin, leptin, ang II and triglycerides concentrations, being also observed increase of maternal care. Offspring of female rats, which had fed cafeteria diet during gestation/lactation, presented, when adult, increase of abdominal fat content, insulin, leptin, and triglycerides. These findings were more pronounced in the offspring of female rats receiving cafeteria diet since weaning until the end of lactation. However, it was observed that the offspring of all the female rats, which at some moment had received cafeteria diet, presented modifications in the reproductive hormone concentrations, together with inhibiton of sexual behavior. AngII AT1 receptor blockade, through Losartan administration in the drinking water of mothers in the four different groups, avoided the increase of body weight and the other alterations observed with the consumption of that diet. There was also normalization of different parameters of maternal behavior. Thus, it was prevented the negative repercussions of maternal obesity on the offspring, so that the descendents, when adults, did not present increase of abdominal fat and other endocrine and metabolic alterations previously described. Still, there was also the normalization of different parameters of sexual behavior in association with the restoration of physiological concentrations of reproductive hormones. The results of this study has shown that the onset of childhood obesity seems to be the result of the sum of different factors, including maternal obesity and the modification of neonatal environment, represented by the increase of maternal care. Furthermore, the administration of the antagonist Losartan in female rats submitted to cafeteria diet since weaning, prevents the obesity and its associated modifications. Consequently, it is possible to prevent many adverse negative effects observed in their descendents.
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Nelander, Lif. "Nudge the lunch : a field experiment testing primacy effects using a menu intervention approach in a university cafeteria." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Nationalekonomiska institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-392280.
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The world is facing a global climate crisis and a collective step towards a more sustainable lifestyle is of importance. Food consumption accounts for a large part of an individuals’ total emissions and as the production of meat generally emits less green-house-gases than that of plant-based alternatives, changing towards a more plant-based diet can be one step to a more sustainable lifestyle. This study outlines a field experiment at a university cafeteria where the menu order was altered by random assignment. It is tested if placing the vegetarian option at the top of the menu has a causal effect on the share of vegetarian option sold that day, i.e. if it is possible to nudge customers to choose a more sustainable option. Using ordinary least squares and a beta regression models, the results do not show a positive treatment effect on the share of vegetarian option sold but do find a significantly average negative effect of 5.5 percentage points on the share of meat option sold. This effect it translated to an average negative effect of 6 percent on the daily emissions due to food sales at the cafeteria.
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Hlaváček, Radek. "Návrh způsobu přidělování benefitů." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-221774.
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Diploma thesis analyzes the current way of benefit distribution in Motorola company. First part of the thesis describes general motivation and stimulation factors. Second part describes the company's internal background. Third part analyzes the motivation factors within the company and consideres implementation of the cafeteria system.
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RIBEIRO, Ana Cláudia Alves Freire. "Efeitos da dieta de cafeteria na gestação sobre as respostas comportamentais em camundongos durante lactação e a repercussão nos filhotes adolescentes." Universidade Federal de Alfenas, 2016. https://bdtd.unifal-mg.edu.br:8443/handle/tede/1005.
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Durante a gestação e a lactação ocorrem diversas mudanças fisiológicas, hormonais e psicológicas que podem alterar o comportamento materno (CM) e o desenvolvimento dos filhotes. Neste período, uma nutrição adequada e equilibrada desempenha um papel relevante, uma vez que a nutrição fetal está ligada a ingestão dietética da mãe e a estoques de nutrientes maternos, por isso uma dieta balanceada constitui um fator de proteção para a prole e a mãe. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a influência da dieta de cafeteria (DC) no CM de camundongos lactantes, uma vez que esta dieta é semelhante à dos humanos e tem um alto teor calórico. Os procedimentos experimentais foram previamente aprovados pelo comitê de ética e consistiram em dois grupos: dieta normal (DN) e DC. Foram avaliadas as respostas comportamentais, índice de Lee e gordura abdominal nas mães alimentadas com as dietas durante a gestação. Durante a lactação, os desenvolvimentos físicos e reflexos foram avaliados nos filhotes. Na prole adolescente foi avaliado o desempenho comportamental nos testes claro-escuro, nado forçado, campo aberto, play behavior além da avaliação do índice de Lee e gordura abdominal. Nossos resultados demonstram que mães tratadas com DC possuem CM mais acentuado quando comparada às DN, maior índice de Lee e gordura abdominal, além de apresentarem uma redução no comportamento tipo ansioso e redução na locomoção. Em relação aos filhotes na adolescência de mães que consumiram DC comparados aos de mães DN, foi observado um aumento do comportamento tipo ansioso nos machos. Em ambos os sexos houve um aumento da gordura abdominal, um retardo no desenvolvimento físico e reflexo, e redução nos parâmetros de play behavior. Portanto, pode-se concluir que a DC alterou não só o CM, mas que a alimentação inadequada na vida precoce interferiu no comportamento e desenvolvimento da prole.During pregnancy and lactation occur several physiological, hormonal and psychological changes that can alter the maternal behavior (MB) for the development of their young. During this period, adequate and balanced nutrition plays an important role, since fetal nutrition is linked with the dietary intake of the mother and maternal nutrient stocks, so a balanced diet is a protective factor for offspring and the mother. So our objective was to evaluate the influence of cafeteria diet (CD) in the MB of lactating mice, since this diet is similar human and has high calorie content. The experiment was approved by the local ethics committee and consisted of two groups: normal diet (ND) and CD. Behavioral responses were evaluated Lee index, and abdominal fat on mothers treated with the following diets during pregnancy. And in the offspring were evaluated tests in light and dark, forced swimming, open field e play behavior, Lee index, abdominal fat, and physical developments and reflections. Based on the results it is concluded that mothers treated with CD MB have more pronounced when compared to ND, increased Lee index and abdominal fat, besides presenting a reduction in predictive anxiety behavior and reduced mobility. Regarding juvenile offspring noted an increase in predictive anxiety behavior and Lee index, of mother who consumed CD compared to ND. And in females a reduction in play behavior. And both sexes increased by abdominal fat, a delay in the physical developments and reflections and decreased play behavior. Therefore, it can be concluded that the CD has changed not only the MB but that inadequate nutrition in early life interfere with the behavior and development of offspring.
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
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PROCOPIO, LÓPEZ ROCIO. "“PROPUESTA DE PLAN DE NEGOCIOS PARA LA PEQUEÑA EMPRESA: CAFETERÍA Y LIBRERÍA NERVO, EN EL MUNICIPIO DE TENANCINGO, ESTADO DE MÉXICO”, 2019." Tesis de Licenciatura, UNIVERSIDAD AUTÓNOMA DEL ESTADO DE MÉXICO, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11799/104677.
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En México, las Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas (PyMES) tienen una importante influencia en la economía, ya que son generadoras de empleos y contribuyen a la exportación e importación de bienes y servicios, estas PyMES son un camino para el desarrollo económico de la sociedad. En la actualidad el gobierno se ha percatado de la importancia de estas empresas, implementando programas para ayudar a fomentar la creación de estás y así mejorar el desarrollo económico y social de la región.
De acuerdo al Instituto Nacional de Geografía y Estadística INEGI (2005), las PyMES en México constituyen el 97% del total de las empresas, generadoras de empleo del 79% de la población de ingresos equivalentes al 23% del Producto Interno Bruto (PIB), lo anterior es una clara señal de que debemos poner atención a este tipo de empresas y empezar a verlas como la base de la economía mexicana.
De acuerdo con las PyMES tienen una amplia gama de giros productivos, comercializadores y servicios. Por otra parte se tienen los negocios de las cafeterías que son demandados principalmente en zonas comerciales nacionales y también en: Estados Unidos ya que es un país extranjero, se toma en cuenta que los individuos valoran y aprecian la cultura mexicana y por ende es bien remunerado.
Es por ello que en la presente investigación se desarrolló un plan de negocios para la empresa: “Cafetería y Librería Nervo”, en el cual se plantea la posibilidad de incentivar la lectura mediante la organización de eventos de obras literarias acompañados de alimentos y bebidas propios de una cafetería. La empresa se sitúa en Tenancingo Estado de México.
Así mismo, el presente trabajo de investigación está conformado por cuatro capítulos que son: un marco conceptual, marco contextual, elaboración de un plan de negocios, aspectos metodológicos para la elaboración de un plan de negocios, conclusiones, recomendaciones, anexos.
En el primer capítulo se hace referencia a un marco conceptual, para la elaboración de un plan de negocios, estructura de un plan de negocios, empresa, clasificación de la empresa, clasificación de la industria restaurantera y finalmente se define la clasificación de la empresa.
En el segundo capítulo denominado: marco contextual características socioeconómicas y demografía en el municipio de Tenancingo.
En el tercer capítulo se presenta: elaboración de un plan de negocios de una Cafetería y Librería ubicado en el centro de Tenancingo estado de México. En el cual se presenta: nombre de la empresa, logo tipo, slogan, justificación, descripción de la empresa, ubicación de la empresa, tipo de empresa (giro), propuesta de valor, misión, visión, objetivos, valores, políticas, ventajas competitivas, análisis foda.
En el cuarto capítulo está conformado por: aspectos metodológicos para la elaboración de un plan de negocios, la cual está compuesta por: estudio de mercado, estudio de producción, estudio organizacional y marco legal y estado financiero.
Por último se presentan los anexos, conclusiones y recomendaciones: se colocaran las conclusiones obtenidas mediante el proceso de estudio antes mencionado, así como las recomendaciones. Para finalizar la investigación se cuenta con los anexos que complementan dicha investigación.
Sin embargo, se tendrá una visualización más clara sobre el proyecto para verificar si es viable su desarrollo o no, ya que la investigación contará con datos verídico. Para demostrar si es apto en la región seleccionada, puesto que se realizará un estudio de mercado.
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Pons, Vila Zara. "Effect of grape-seed polyphenols in endothelial dysfunction and hypertension associated with metabolic syndrome in cafeteria diet-fed rats." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/348871.
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Els polifenols presents a la dieta s’han estudiat extensament pel seus efectes positius sobre diferents components de la síndrome metabòlica (MetS). En aquesta Tesi, es va proposar avaluar els efecte beneficiós dels polifenols de pinyol de raïm sobre la disfunció endotelial i la hipertensió (HTN) associada a la MetS, utilitzant el model de dieta de cafeteria com a model de MetS. Els resultats mostraren que una dosi aguda de 375 mg/Kg d’un extracte de polifenols de baix pes molecular de pinyol de raïm (LM-GSPE) 6 hores post- administració va ser la més efectiva per a baixar la pressió arterial en aquest model de HTN induït per dieta. En questa millora va ser veure la implicació de la Sirtuina-1 (Sirt-1) així com bloqueig del Sistema Renina-Angiotensina-Aldosterona (SRAA), que com a conseqüència va millorar la funció endotelial. Per una altra banda, es va veure com alguns dels polifenols més abundants del LM-GSPE, com l’(-)-epicatequina, la (+)-catequina o l’àcid gàl·lic, actuaren com a moduladors de la funció endotelial. A més a més, es demostrà que a una baixa dosi de 7 mg/Kg, l’àcid gàl·lic, l’àcid fenòlic més abundant de l’extracte, baixava la pressió arterial de manera aguda en rates espontàniament hipertenses, millorant a més la funció endotelial a través del bloqueig el SRAA, com succeí amb LM-GSPE. No obstant això, i al contrari que LM-GSPE, es trobaren nivells elevats de bradiquinina i descartà la implicació de les sirtuïnes en aquest efecte antihipertensiu. Finalment, es demostrà que la administració crònica de polifenols de pinyol de raïm atenuaren el desenvolupament de HTN així com d’altres factors de risc associats amb la MetS. Per tant, es proposen els polifenols de pinyol de raïm, inclòs l’àcid gàl·lic, com a bons candidats per a ser utilitzats en el tractament de la HTN associada a la MetS.Los polifenoles presentes en la dieta se han estudiado extensivamente por sus efectos positivos sobre diferentes componentes del síndrome metabólico (MetS). En esta Tesis, se propuso evaluar el efecto positivo de los polifenoles de pepita de uva sobre la disfunción endotelial y la hipertensión (HTN) asociada al MetS, utilizando el modelo de dieta de cafetería como modelo de HTN asociada al MEtS. Los resultados mostraron que la una dosis aguda de 375 mg/Kg de un extracto de polifenoles de bajo peso molecular de pepita de uva (LM-GSPE) 6 horas post-administración fue la más efectiva para reducir la presión arterial en este modelo de HTN inducido por dieta. La implicación de la Sirtuina-1 (Sirt-1) y el bloqueo del Sistema Renina-Angiotensina-Aldosterona (SRAA), y por consiguiente, la mejora de la función endotelial, fueron demostrados. Por otro lado, se observó como algunos de los polifenoles más abundantes del LM-GSPE, como la (-)- epicatequina, la (+)-catequina o el ácido gálico, actuaron como moduladores de la función endotelial. Además se demostró que el ácido gálico, el ácido fenólico más abundante del extracto, a una dosis baja de 7 mg/Kg bajaba la presión arterial de manera aguda en ratas espontáneamente hipertensas, mejorando además la función endotelial mediante el bloqueo del SRAA, como sucedía con LM-GSPE. No obstante, y al contrario que el extracto, el ácido gálico aumentó la concentración de bradiquinina en plasma y además no se vio implicación de Sirt-1 en el efecto antihipertensivo. Finalmente se demostró que la administración crónica de polifenoles de pepita de uva atenúa la elevación de la presión arterial y el empeoramiento de otros factores de riesgo asociados al MetS. Por tanto, se proponen los polifenoles de pepita de uva, incluido el ácido gálico, como buenos agentes para el control de la presión arterial asociada al MetS.
Dietary polyphenols have been widely studied for their health effects on different components of metabolic syndrome (MetS). In the present Thesis it was aimed to evaluate the beneficial effect of grape-seed polyphenols on endothelial dysfunction and hypertension (HTN) associated with MetS using cafeteria diet-fed rats as a model of MetS. Results showed that an acute dose of 375 mg/kg of a low-molecular grape seed extract (LM- GSPE) 6h after-administration was the most effective in lowering BP in this diet induced HTN model. This improvement was seen to be mediated by Sirtuin-1 (sirt-1) and blockage of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS) at reducing Ang I and in turns Ang II plasma levels, and as a consequence, improving the endothelial function. Otherwise, some of the principal polyphenol forms in LM-GSPE, such as (-)-epicatechin and (+)-catechin, also showed to act as modulators of endothelial dysfunction. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that at a low dose of 7mg/Kg of gallic acid, the main phenolic acid present in LM-GSPE, acutely reduced BP in spontaneously hypertensive rats, improving endothelial dysfunction by blockage of the RAAS as LM-GSPE. However, gallic acid in contrast to LM-GSPE increased plasma bradykinin levels and not involved Sirt-1 in its antihypertensive effect. Finally it was demonstrated that a chronic administration of grape-seed polyphenols attenuated the development of HTN and other cardiometabolic risk factors associated with MetS. Therefore, grape-seed polyphenols, including gallic acid, are proposed as good candidates to be used as as BP lowering agents in HTN associated with MetS.
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Mazza, Mary Carol. "Encouraging Healthful Dietary Behavior in a Hospital Cafeteria: A Field Study Using Theories from Social Psychology and Behavioral Economics." Thesis, Harvard University, 2013. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10870.
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Public policy efforts to curb obesity often adhere to a rational actor model of human behavior, asserting that consumer behavior will change provided proper economic incentives, nutritional information, and health education. However, rigorous academic research related to such questions remains limited in scope and appears inconclusive as to the success of such economic and cognitive interventions. In contrast, research in social psychology and behavioral economics suggests that decision making is partially based on heuristics, or rules of thumb, and susceptible to powerful cognitive biases. External cues can subtly influence decision making in powerful ways. In this paper, after discussing existing policy efforts and their limitations, we use concepts from behavioral decision theory to design interventions related to different psychological domains in hopes of providing a more complete understanding of consumer dietary decision making. We move beyond traditional cognitive methods, namely the provision of nutritional information and economic incentives, to suggest the value of other cognitive, affective, social, and environmental influences in shaping food choices. Over a 21-month period, we tested 9 interventions in a point-of-purchase field study at a hospital cafeteria, focusing on the healthfulness of beverage purchases and chip purchases. Information, in the form of novel, reinforcing health messages, had the most consistently beneficial effect on the healthfulness of purchases. Traffic light colored-nutritional labeling, affect-based cues (smiley faces and frowny faces), and environmental changes including grouping items together based on level of healthfulness ("grouping by healthfulness") and pairing an unhealthy item with a healthier alternative ("healthy substitute pairing") also affected choices. Messages related to social norms had no effect on purchases. Our work adds to existing consumer behavior research and helps to inform health policy of additional cognitive factors and biases that must be taken into account when designing interventions and which can, indeed, be leveraged to influence dietary behavior. This is the first study of which we know to test the relative effects of this number and variety (economic, cognitive, affective, social, and environmental) of theory-based behavioral nudges on food choice in one setting.
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Lyra, Junior Humberto Fenner. "Avaliação da expressão imuno-histoquímica das células retais produtoras de grelina em ratos Wistar submetidos à dieta de cafeteria." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 2012. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/handle/123456789/103455.
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Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, Florianópolis, 2012Made available in DSpace on 2013-07-16T04:42:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 313849.pdf: 1321173 bytes, checksum: 8d0f627f25cbefd2a70e226d23d6118b (MD5)
Introdução: Na atualidade o sobrepeso e a obesidade, induzidos pela dieta e pelo sedentarismo, são doenças muito prevalentes em vários países. Considerados uma epidemia mundial pela Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS), são importantes fatores de risco para inúmeras afecções, entre elas as neoplasias colorretais. Estudos prévios sugerem que em portadores de obesidade ou sobrepeso há aumento da incidência desse tipo de neoplasia e a piora do prognóstico. Com a descoberta da grelina, em 1999, que é um hormônio orexígeno com potente ação sobre a liberação do hormônio do crescimento (GH) e atuação em diversos sistemas orgânicos, fisiológicos e na carcinogênese, desenvolveram-se diversas pesquisas para elucidar o seu papel e sua importância em todas essas funções. Recentemente, evidenciou-se aumento da expressão de grelina em amostras teciduais de neoplasias colorretais quando comparadas à tecidos colônicos normais. Objetivos: Investigar o impacto da dieta de cafeteria na expressão imuno-histoquímica retal da grelina e avaliar o tipo morfológico das células identificadas. Desenho do Estudo: Estudo analítico experimental do tipo corte transversal com intervenção. Método: Vinte e quatro ratos Wistar machos foram distribuídos em 4 subgrupos de 6 animais cada denominados: SGR1 (ração e água) e SGC1 (dieta de cafeteria, ração e água) por um período de 30 dias; SGR2 (ração e água) e SGC2 (dieta de cafeteria, ração e água) por um período de 60 dias. O peso dos animais e do reto amputado, o número e o tipo de células imunorreativas à grelina foram registrados e comparados entre os subgrupos. Na análise estatística foram utilizados os testes ANOVA com correção de Bonferroni, qui quadrado, teste t pareado e teste t de Student. Resultados: Houve aumento significativo do peso corporal em todos os subgrupos (P 0,001). O peso no dia da cirurgia foi significativamente maior na comparação do SGC2 com os demais subgrupos: SGR1 (P=0,003), SGC1 (P= 0,010) e SGR2 (P= 0,001). Não houve diferença na comparação da média do número absoluto de células imunorreativas (P= 0,685) e na comparação entre expressão e não expressão (P=0,330) entre os subgrupos, nem entre o peso final (P=0,993) e o peso retal (P= 0,230) com a imunoexpressão. Todas as células imunorreativas identificadas foram do tipo "fechado". Conclusão: Os resultados do presente estudo não demonstraram influência da dieta de cafeteria sobre o número de células retais imunorreativas à grelina quando comparado aos controles nem aos dois períodos de ingesta e apenas células imunorreatoras do tipo "fechado" foram identificadas no reto de ratos Wistar.
Abstract : Introduction: Obesity and overweight induced by diet and lifestyle are considered a global epidemic by the World Health Organization (WHO), especially in western countries. They are important risk factors for several conditions, including colorectal cancer. Obese and overweight patients have already demonstrated an increased incidence and worse prognosis associated with colorectal cancer. Since discovery of ghrelin in 1999, which is a potent orexigenic hormone and releaser of the growth hormone (GH) that has many physiologic functions, several studies began to elucidate its role and importance in several areas including carcinogenesis. Recently it was demonstrated an increase on tissue ghrelin expression in colorectal cancers samples. Objectives: To investigate the impact of cafeteria diet on ghrelin expression in rectal tissue and identify the morphologic cell type. Study Design: Analytical and experimental transversal study with intervention. Methods: Twenty-four male Wistar rats were divided into 4 subgroups of 6 animals each: RCG1 (rat chow and water) and CAFG1 (cafeteria diet, rat chow and water) for a period of 30 days; RCG2 (rat chow and water) and CAFG2 (cafeteria diet, rat chow and water) for a period of 60 days. The animal and rectal weight, the number and the type of immunoreactive ghrelin cells were recorded and compared between the subgroups. ANOVA with Bonferroni correction, chi square, t student and paired t tests were applied. Results: There was a significant increase in body weight in all subgroups (P=0,001). The weight on the operation day was significantly higher in the CAFG2 in comparison with others subgroups: RCG1 (P=0,003), CAFG1 (P=0,010) and RCG2 (P=0,001). There was no difference in the total of immunoreactive cells (P=0,685), presence or absence of ghrelin expression between the subgroups (P=0, 330), nor in the final weight (P= 0,993) and rectal weight (P=0,230) in comparison with imunoexpression. All the immunoreactive cells identified were closed-type. Conclusion: The present study showed no influence of cafeteria diet on the amount of immunoreactive rectal cells of ghrelin when compared to controls and with two periods of exposure. Only one type (closed-type) of immunoreactive cells was expressed in the rectum.
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Gigstad, Lynda Lynell. "A comparison of an acoustic stethoscope and an amplified stethoscope in white noise and cafeteria noise during cardiac auscultation." PDXScholar, 1990. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3974.
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A basic relationship between stethoscopic auscultation and background noise interference was reviewed and examined in this study. The principle experimental design of the study questioned whether hospital background noise levels are capable of masking the threshold of detection for auscultated heart sounds. Several cited studies monitoring background noise levels in various hospital locations have reported averages exceeding the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) (1974) and World Health Organization (WHO) (1980) recommendations of "quiet", namely 35 to 40 dBA (Falk & Woods, 1973; Hilton, 1985, 1987; Shapiro & Berland, 1972; Turner, et al., 1975; Woods & Falk, 1974) by as much as 46 to 51 dB, i.e., up to 86 dBA (Shapiro & Berland 1972). In addition to the previous query, a review of the literature reflected a lack of implementatory standards regarding the acoustic stethoscopic output and the masking effects of noise during the auscultation process. Specifically, this study ascertained the effective masking level (EML) intensities of two noise environments, white noise and cafeteria noise, for cardiac auscultation through an acoustic stethoscope and an amplified stethoscope. Two principle measurements were employed in the experimental protocol: an objective measurement employing a method of adjustment detection identification task of the EML, and subjective responses solicited by a forced-choice questionnaire. Sixteen normal hearing listener's were selected to participate in the experiment. Objective measures were analyzed using a MANOVA and a Pearson Product Moment Coefficient of correlation. The subjective questionnaire data were analyzed with a two-tailed T-test. All analyses were based on a .05 level of confidence.
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Ferreira, Leonardo Eduardo. "Expressão de aquaporinas (AQPS 1 e 9) nos ductos eferentes e epidídimo de ratos Wistar com obesidade induzida induzida por dieta de cafeteria." Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Parana, 2013. http://tede.unioeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/634.
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Leonardo.pdf: 2065969 bytes, checksum: ecaa0d3dc812ef2017f1f16fc1f49d2a (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2013-07-01The induction of obesity in experimental animals with cafeteria diet simulates the high-calorie food that humans eat, nowadays, thus enabling to study obesity and comorbidities resulting from this condition. The male reproductive system is directly affected by obesity with increased lipid peroxidation, increase of apoptotic bodies, changes in parameters espermatobioscópicos and reduced fertility. The aim of the study was to evaluate whether there are changes caused by obesity in epithelia of efferent ducts and epididymis , both in relation to morphology and expression of aquaporins 1 and 9 ( AQPs 1 and 9 ) in adult Wistar rats . After weaning , the animals were randomly divided into two groups : control group ( CON ) received standard diet and water ad libitum ( n = 10 ) and group cafeteria ( CAF ) , which received cafeteria diet soda and degassed ad libitum ( n = 10). The treatment group CAF began after the 12th week of life, totaling 40 weeks of consumption of cafeteria diet, being all dead animals with 52 weeks of age. The efferent ducts , along with initial segments ( Si ) , head ( Cç ) , body ( Co ) and tail ( Cd ) epididymis were submitted to routine histological and immunohistochemical staining for AQP- 1 and AQP- 9 . In the present study we evaluated the data: body mass, length nasoanal, waist circumference, Lee index and retroperitoneal fat mass and perigonadais; also evaluated dimensions, using morphometry and morphology of the epithelia of the efferent ducts and segments Si, Cç, Co and Cd epididymis and analyzed the expression of AQP- 9 and AQP- 1 in the efferent ducts and epididymal segments above. Changes in expression of AQPs in the efferent ducts and the epididymal epithelium were observed with increased expression of AQP- 1 and AQP- 9 reduction in efferent ducts and epididymal cauda, respectively, in animals treated with cafeteria diet. Also, there were morphological changes in the epididymal epithelium, such as increasing the number and size of cells and clear halo; increased endocytic organelles, and heterogeneous distribution of stereocilia, in animals with diet-induced obesity cafeteria. Given the results, it is believed that these changes should cause a profound impact on the luminal environment and interfere in the transport process, maturation, maintenance, protection and storage of sperm, being responsible for obesity alter the expression of AQP- 1 in efferent ducts, AQP- 9 in the epididymal cauda, the relative distribution of cells and clear halo and morphological characteristics of these parts via the sperm. However, more studies are needed to elucidate the specific mechanisms by which the cafeteria diet affects sperm morphology via specifically efferent ducts and epididymal ducts
A indução à obesidade, no modelo experimental animal com dieta de cafeteria, simula a alimentação com alto teor calórico que os seres humanos ingerem, na atualidade, possibilitando, assim, estudar a obesidade bem como as comorbidades advindas desta condição. O sistema genital masculino é afetado diretamente pela obesidade com aumento de peroxidação lipídica, aumento de corpos apoptóticos, mudanças nos parâmetros espermatobioscópicos e redução de fertilidade. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar se há alterações causadas pela obesidade nos epitélios dos ductos eferentes e epididimário, tanto em relação à morfologia quanto à expressão de aquaporinas 1 e 9 (AQPs 1 e 9) em ratos Wistar adultos. Após o desmame, os animais foram divididos aleatoriamente em dois grupos: grupo controle (CON), que recebeu dieta padrão e água ad libitum (n=10) e grupo cafeteria (CAF), que recebeu dieta de cafeteria e refrigerante desgaseificado ad libitum (n=10). O tratamento do grupo CAF teve início depois da 12º semana de vida, totalizando 40 semanas de consumo da dieta de cafeteria, sendo todos os animais mortos com 52º semanas de idade. Os ductos eferentes, juntamente com segmentos inicial (Si), cabeça (Cç), corpo (Co) e cauda (Cd) do epidídimo, foram submetidos à rotina histológica e imunohistoquímica para AQP-1 e AQP-9. No presente estudo foram avaliados os dados: massa corporal, comprimento nasoanal, circunferência abdominal, índice de Lee e massa das gorduras retroperitoniais e perigonadais; também, avaliou-se dimensões, através de morfometria, e características morfológicas dos epitélios dos ductos eferentes e segmentos Si, Cç, Co e Cd do epidídimo, bem como foram analisadas as expressões de AQP-9 e AQP-1 nos ductos eferentes e segmentos epididimários supracitados. Alterações na expressão das AQPs, nos ductos eferentes e parte do epitélio epididimário, foram observadas com aumento na expressão de AQP-1 e redução de AQP-9 nos ductos eferentes e cauda epididimária, respectivamente, dos animais tratados com dieta de cafeteria. Também, ocorreram alterações morfológicas no epitélio epididimário, como aumento do número e tamanho de células halo e claras; aumento de organelas endocíticas; e distribuição heterogênea de estereocílios, nos animais com obesidade induzida por dieta de cafeteria. Em vista dos resultados, acredita-se que essas alterações devem causar um profundo impacto sobre o ambiente luminal e interferir no processo de transporte, maturação, manutenção, proteção e armazenamento dos espermatozoides, sendo a obesidade responsável por alterar a expressão de AQP-1 nos ductos eferentes, da AQP-9 na cauda epididimária, a distribuição relativa de células claras e halo e características morfológicas destas partes da via espermática. No entanto, mais estudos são necessários para esclarecer os mecanismos específicos pelos quais a dieta de cafeteria afeta a morfologia da via espermática, especificamente dos ductos eferentes e ductos epididimários
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Carvalho, Fabiana Maria Coimbra de. "Efeito anti-inflamat?rio de prote?nas sacietog?nicas da semente de tamarindo em modelo experimental de s?ndrome metab?lica." PROGRAMA DE P?S-GRADUA??O EM NUTRI??O, 2016. https://repositorio.ufrn.br/jspui/handle/123456789/21674.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq)
Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES)
Os inibidores de tripsina s?o estudados numa variedade de modelos, devido as suas propriedades bioativas, tais como: atividades antiobesidade e anti-inflamat?ria. O nosso grupo demonstrou, anteriormente, o efeito satietog?nico do inibidor de tripsina de semente de tamarindo (ITT) em modelos de ratos eutr?ficos e tamb?m tem evidenciado o efeito anti-inflamat?rio de diversos outros inibidores de tripsina. Neste estudo, foi avaliado o efeito do ITT sobre a saciedade, par?metros bioqu?micos e inflamat?rios em um modelo experimental de s?ndrome metab?lica (SM). Tr?s grupos de ratos Wistar, obesos, adultos, machos (n = 5) com SM receberam durante 10 dias, os seguintes tratamentos: 1) dieta cafeteria; 2) dieta cafetaria + ITT (25 mg / kg) e 3) dieta padr?o. O ITT provocou a redu??o do consumo alimentar em animais obesos com SM. No entanto, relacionado ao ganho de peso n?o foi observado diferen?a entre os grupos estudados bem como para os par?metros de dislipidemia. Entretanto, o grupo que recebeu a dieta padr?o mostrou valores inferiores da Lipoprote?nas de muito baixa densidade (VLDL) e Triglicer?deos (TG) (Kruskal-Wallis, p <0,05). Quanto aos par?metros inflamat?rios estudados, foi demostrado que a produ??o de interleucina-6 (IL-6) n?o diferiu entre os grupos. Curiosamente, o fator de necrose tumoral-alfa (TNF-?) se apresentou inferior nos animais que receberam o ITT. A atividade foi confirmada em animais obesos com SM. Sendo observado que a utiliza??o da dieta de cafetaria + ITT, promeveu redu??o da inflama??o, independente da perda de peso. Isso classifica o ITT como um candidato para estudos relacionados ? sua efic?cia como adjuvante no tratamento da SM.
Trypsin inhibitors are studied in a variety of models for their anti-obesity and anti-inflammatory bioactive properties. Our group has previously demonstrated the satietogenic effect of tamarind seed trypsin inhibitors (TTI) in eutrophic mouse models and anti-inflammatory effects of other trypsin inhibitors. In this study, we evaluated TTI effect upon satiety, biochemical and inflammatory parameters in an experimental model of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Three groups of n=5 male Wistar rats with obesity-based MetS received for 10 days one of the following: 1) Cafeteria diet; 2) Cafeteria diet + TTI (25 mg/Kg); 3) Standard diet. TTI reduced food intake in animals with MetS. Nevertheless, weight gain was not different between studied groups. Dyslipidemia parameters were not different with the use of TTI, only the group receiving standard diet showed lower VLDL and triglycerides (TG) (Kruskal-Wallis, p < 0.05). IL-6 production did not differ between groups. Interestingly, TNF-? was lower in animals receiving TTI. Our results corroborate the satietogenic effect of TTI in a MetS model. Furthermore, we show that TTI used with a cafeteria diet may decrease inflammation regardless of weight loss. This puts TTI as a candidate for studies to test its effectiveness as an adjuvant in MetS treatment.