Journal articles: 'The Camp Fire Girls'

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Hahner, Leslie. "Practical Patriotism: Camp Fire Girls, Girl Scouts, and Americanization." Communication and Critical/Cultural Studies 5, no. 2 (June 2008): 113–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14791420801989702.

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McCallum, Mary Jane. "“The Fundamental Things”: Camp Fire Girls and Authenticity, 1910-20." Canadian Journal of History 40, no. 1 (April 2005): 45–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/cjh.40.1.45.

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Helgren, Jennifer. "Finding “Hidden Heroines”." Public Historian 43, no. 1 (February 1, 2021): 102–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/tph.2021.43.1.102.

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This article explores girls’ participation in 1976 American Revolution Bicentennial celebrations through their national organizations. Members of the Girl Scouts and the Camp Fire Girls were deeply involved in the nation’s displays of civic pride. Girls’ organizations linked their ordinary service projects to the Bicentennial and created new projects as they caught the national bandwagon. To some extent, these efforts emphasized unquestioning patriotism, but each organization, propelled by second-wave feminism and social history, also absorbed and advanced efforts to recover multiple perspectives. Girls’ organizations became public history spaces and girls in them saw the understanding of and dissemination of history as an important part of female citizenship.

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Helgren, Jennifer. "Native American and White Camp Fire Girls Enact Modern Girlhood, 1910–39." American Quarterly 66, no. 2 (2014): 333–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/aq.2014.0031.

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Holsinger, M. Paul. "Girls in Bloomers Are More Effective Than Girls in Skirts: The Camp Fire Girls in American Juvenile Fiction, 1910-1920." Children's Literature Association Quarterly 12, no. 2 (1987): 83–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/chq.0.0342.

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McCausland, Elly. ""Territory Open to Girl Activity": Socialization through Wilderness in Camp Fire Girl Fiction, 1912–1920." Children's Literature Association Quarterly 47, no. 1 (March 2022): 23–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/chq.2022.0002.

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Snow, Maryly. "[no title]." Art Libraries Journal 17, no. 1 (1992): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0307472200007641.

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How did I come to be both an artist and a librarian? From the start, I never wanted to support myself with my art. Way back then my art was private. In order for the work to be true, it was best protected from the whims of the market. And since I had to work, I might as well contribute to the common weal, and do nothing that could harm the social fabric. After several years of experimenting with social work, sales, bookkeeping, cocktail waitressing, organizing Camp Fire Girls, census-taking, and other sundry occupations, it was finally librarianship that demanded the most of my top-notch liberal arts education and my desire to do good in a world so complex that it was often impossible to know what was good from what was not.

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Stamper, Christine N. "“You Are My [Camp]fire”: Tradition and Structure in Maggie Thrash’s Graphic Memoir Honor Girl." Children's Literature in Education 50, no. 2 (November 17, 2017): 110–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10583-017-9336-4.

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Cottrell, Rosalind. "Practicing Anthropology in the Urban Delta." Practicing Anthropology 13, no. 3 (June 1, 1991): 9–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/praa.13.3.j1715u8518243045.

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When I was growing up in the 1950s in one of the poorest neighborhoods in the urban Delta, the closest I came to an anthropologist was the man who dug the dump site near our home looking for old scrap iron to sell. Certainly there was no expectation for me to become an anthropologist from my grandmother, the matriarch of our family. However, she had moved to the city after the death of her husband with expectations of a better life for her four girls. Stressing education as "the way out," she told stories about her slave uncle who recognized the value of education and learned to read from two young girls he drove to school. In turn, he taught this daily lesson to his family around the fire each night. The many evenings sitting on our front porch, and on the front porch of neighbors, watching and listening to grandma's stories and the stories of others, set a foundation for anthropology in my life and led to my becoming a medical anthropologist.

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Терехова, Ірина Олександрівна. "ІНФЕРНАЛЬНИЙ ОБРАЗ ЛІТАВЦЯ (ПЕРЕЛЕСНИКА) В УКРАЇНСЬКІЙ РОМАНТИЧНІЙ ПРОЗІ." Наукові записки Харківського національного педагогічного університету ім. Г. С. Сковороди "Літературознавство" 1, no. 99 (2022): 137–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.34142/2312-1076.2022.1.99.09.

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The aim of the article is to comprehend the specifics of the infernal image of the litavets (perelesnyk) in Ukrainian romantic prose. In order to achieve this goal, the following systemic unity of research methods was used: typological, biographical, comparative, genetic, method of analysis and synthesis, mythopoetic approach to the interpretation oftexts. The article on the material of folk poetry and literary texts, as well as folklore studies of V. Hnatiuk, O. Kononenko, E. Onatsky and other scientists characterizes the infernal image of the litavets. It is determined that the litavets (perelesnyk, fire snake, nalitnyk, litun, obaiasnyk, perelet) is an anthropomorphic infernal character. Its main function is to enter into intimate relations with women, which subsequently mostly turn into death. The image of the perelesnyk is quite popular in folk tales and legends. Thus, in fairy tales he often appears as an antagonistic hero who kidnaps girls, which is mentioned in such works as «Ivan the King, his sister and the snake», «Kotygoroshko», «How snakes kidnapped three sisters», «Snake winner and the dragon», «The Tale of Ivan Golyk and his brother», etc. In these works, along with the motif of kidnapping women, there is also the motif of snake-fighting. Note that the motif of victory over the insidious serpent is leading in folk legends, in particular in stories about the serpent shaft, the terrible serpent defeated by Boris and Gleb, in the story of Kozhumyak (mentions of these legends are also found in the early edition of the first historical novel in Ukrainian literature «Five Chapters from P. Kulesh's New Novel ”Black Council”», 1845). Interpretation of the mythical nature of the fire snake has become widespread in fiction, especially in the prose of the Romantic period. A striking example of this is the work of P. Kulish (the stories «About what in the town of Voronezh dried up Peshevtsov Pond», 1840; «Fire Snake», 1841) and I. Barshchevsky (the story «Nobleman Zavalnya»), where the image of a perelesnyk is available in the chapter «On the Warlock and the Serpent Hatched from the Egg of a Rooster», 1844). P. Kulish instory «About what in the town of Voronezh dried up Peshevtsov Pond» the image of an incubus who came to his beloved every night, and in the story of the fire snake the writer presented the image of a perelesnyk-seducer, who did not suck, but gave a beauty his chosen woman. In I. Barshchevsky's story about the nobleman Zavalnya, the serpent turned into a young man, but he could not seduce the belle, as sincere prayer and a saving cross stood in the way.

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Miltenberger, Margaret, Jane Jopling, and Martha S. Garton. "Differences in the Experiences of Boys and Girls in a Camp Environment." Journal of Youth Development 4, no. 1 (March 1, 2009): 35–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/jyd.2009.273.

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Between the ages of nine and twelve, key developmental differences exist between genders. Boys’ and girls’ brains simply develop in a different sequence (Sax, 2007) and at a different rate (Hanlon, et al., 1999). Since the 1970’s a tendency toward gender blindness and a lack of understanding about the real developmental differences between boys and girls may have limited the ability of youth professionals to best serve all youth. This paper highlights a study of whether boys and girls differ in camp experience and in life skill development as a result of camp? Fifteen counties with 28 individual camps participated in the study which measured (1) camp experience; (2) targeted life skills, and (3) leadership skills. The results showed significant differences between girls and boys. Researchers recommend that gender differences no longer be ignored when programming and that camp activities and curriculum meet the developmental needs of both boys and girls.

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Guerra, Paula, Luiza Bittencourt, and Gabriela Cleveston Gelain. "Brazilian girls power in a rock camp." Revista FAMECOS 28, no. 1 (August 27, 2021): e38841. http://dx.doi.org/10.15448/1980-3729.2021.1.38841.

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Neste artigo discutimos a desigualdade de gênero no rock através do caso do Girls Rock Camp (e seu antecedente Riot Grrrl) como palco de renegociação dessa identidade. Situando-nos no Girls Rock Camp POA, e através de uma metodologia de pendor qualitativo, procuramos: a) verificar seu histórico, os atores envolvidos e as estratégias de articulação, produção e divulgação; b) avaliar o perfil dos participantes e suas principais motivações e representações; c) investigar o uso do ethos Do-It-Yourself (DIY) e mediações tecnológicas na transmissão de conhecimento e práxis musical; e d) averiguar a relação da participação neste campo com a reconstrução fortalecida de uma identidadefeminina alicerçada no rock.

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Mori, Yoshihito. "Science Summer Camp for High School Girls." Journal of The Society of Japanese Women Scientists 22 (2022): 52–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5939/sjws.220011.

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Vishwanathan, Megha, Mika Manninen, Sophie Waller, Marlyse Sifre, Ellen E. Evans, and Sami Yli-Piipari. "Effect of Psychological Need-Supportive Summer Camp: FIT-Dawg Girls Summer Camp." International Journal of Physical Education, Fitness and Sports 8, no. 2 (June 6, 2019): 51–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.26524/ijpefs1927.

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Physical activity (PA) is a major factor related to obesity risk. Research has shown PA interventions among adolescents to be moderately successful in short-term but limited to longer-term. Self-determination theory (SDT) postulates that a psychological need-supportive environment (i.e. one that supports competence, autonomy, and social relatedness) is effective in maintaining volitional motivation which can lead to sustained positive behavioral changes including PA. Although research has supported the central tenets of the SDT, there is limited evidence examining whether a summer camp intervention can sustain improvements in PA motivation and behavior. Thus, this study examined the acute and 12-weeks longer-term effectiveness of a five-day psychological need-support centered summer camp on healthy weight and overweight adolescent girls’ weight management behaviors. A single-group case series study with pre-, post, and 12-week follow-up-test analyses. A sample comprised 42 (Mage = 11.70±1.12) adolescent females. Exercise motivation, PA intention, and PA and dietary behaviors were measured. The findings showed a between-group effect on daily steps (F(1, 19) = 15.83, p = .001, ?p 2 = .46), moderate-to-vigorous intensity PA (F(1, 19) = 4.58, p = .046, ?p 2 = .19), energy intake (F(1, 19) = 7.23, p = .013, ?p 2 = .27), PA intention (F(2, 18) = 6.25, p = .024, ?p 2 = .28), intrinsic motivation (F(2, 18) = 6.25, p = .024, ?p 2 = .28), and amotivation (F(2, 18) = 16.25, p < .001, ?p 2 = .54). A need-supportive summer camp may be especially effective in improving PA motivation and behavior in overweight girls.

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Warner, Anne. "A Hatchet in “Lily-White Hands”: The Intricacies of Femininity at Private Girls’ Camps in Early Twentieth-Century Ontario." Journal of Sport History 39, no. 3 (October 1, 2012): 507–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/jsporthistory.39.3.507.

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Abstract This article examines the social construction of upper-class white femininity at private Ontario girls’ camps in the 1920s and 1930s with specific focus on physical activity. Historically, prevailing social conceptions of what it means to be female has defined acceptable physical activity participation by girls. The daily life and activities at girls’ camps elucidates details of how girls’ camp both challenged and embraced early twentieth-century femininity. In these mostly female environments, although girls had the freedom to experiment with behaviors and activities outside the norm in the city, female camp directors held fast to some traditional ideals of femininity. Thus, the establishment of girls’ camps was both progressive and, at the same time, accommodated agreed-upon ideas about femininity. Using four of the oldest girls’ private camps in Ontario, this paper examines the intricacies of femininity during the early twentieth century.

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McMillen, Kyle Robert. "“Downed by Friendly Fire: Black Girls, White Girls, and Suburban Schooling”." Student Anthropologist 6, no. 1 (January 2019): 89–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.sda2.20190601.0015.

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Bankston, Carl L. "Downed by friendly fire: black girls, white girls, and suburban schooling." Ethnic and Racial Studies 41, no. 13 (March 14, 2018): 2356–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01419870.2018.1448104.

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Harger, Brent. "Downed by Friendly Fire: Black Girls, White Girls, and Suburban Schooling." Contemporary Sociology: A Journal of Reviews 47, no. 2 (February 21, 2018): 178–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0094306118755396l.

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Reed, April H., Mark G. Angolia, Lyubov G. Sluder, and Leslie R. Pagliari. "Using STEM Camps to Improve Female Interest in Technology Careers." Journal of Youth Development 17, no. 3 (September 27, 2022): 90–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/jyd.2022.1233.

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Science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) fields have been traditionally entered by men, often establishing women as underrepresented in many of these fields. This research study focuses on participants at a STEM camp for middle- and high-school girls designed to introduce them to technology. The camp was held 4 times over 3 years, with many of the participants from rural areas, underrepresented by race and economic status. Sixty camp attendees completed pre- and post-camp surveys and are referred to as the intervention group. A control group of 200 middle- and high-school girls who did not attend the camp also took the survey. This paper focuses on a subset of the survey results that sought to determine the impact on camp participants in the areas of technology self-efficacy and technology career interest as it related to management information systems (MIS). Analysis of the data collected found a significant difference in MIS self-efficacy between the intervention group and control group but no significant difference in choices of MIS-related careers. Results also include recommended improvements to STEM camp design.

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Faenza, Francesco, Claudia Canali, Michele Colajanni, and Antonella Carbonaro. "The Digital Girls Response to Pandemic: Impacts of in Presence and Online Extracurricular Activities on Girls Future Academic Choices." Education Sciences 11, no. 11 (November 8, 2021): 715. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/educsci11110715.

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In the last few years, several initiatives based on extracurricular activities have been organized in many countries around the world, with the aim to reduce the digital gender gap in STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Math) fields. Among them, the Digital Girls summer camp, organized every year since 2014 by two Italian universities with the aim to attract female students to ICT (Information and Communication Technologies) disciplines, represents quite a unique initiative for its characteristics of long-duration (3–4 entire weeks) and complete gratuitousness for the participants. The COVID-19 emergency imposed severe changes to such activities, that had to be modified and carried out in the online mode as a consequence of social distancing. However, on one hand, the general lack of high-quality evaluations of these initiatives hinders the possibility to understand the actual impact of extracurricular activities on the future academic choices of the participants. On the other hand, the availability of data collected over different editions of Digital Girls has allowed us to analyze the summer camp impact and to evaluate the pros and cons of in-presence and online activities. The main contribution of this paper is twofold. First, we present an overview of existing experiences, at the national (Italian) and international levels, to increase female participation in integrated STEM and ICT fields. Second, we analyze how summer camp participation can influence girls’ future academic choices, with specific attention to ICT-related disciplines. In particular, the collection of a significant amount of data through anonymous surveys conducted before and after the camp activities over the two editions allowed us to evidence the different impacts of in-presence and online extracurricular activities.

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Crawshaw, Trisha. "Girls Rock the Stage and Smash the Patriarchy." Contexts 16, no. 3 (August 2017): 60–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1536504217732053.

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Dualle, Ali Omar, Kennedy Onkware, and Ferdinand Nabiswa. "Effects of Socio-Cultural Practices on Humanitarian Response for Girl-Child Education among South Sudanese Girls in Kakuma Camp, Kenya." International Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Invention 9, no. 11 (November 7, 2022): 7322–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/ijsshi/v9i011.01.

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Gender disparity pervades global society due to socio-cultural practices that tend to disfavor girls. Despite previous humanitarian responses, girl-child education still has numerous constraints due to socio-cultural practices. This situation exacerbates doubly during humanitarian emergencies. South Sudanese girls are often denied the same educational opportunities as boys in Kakuma Camp due to cultural attitudes and poverty. The general objective of the study was to investigate the socio-cultural practices affecting humanitarian response towards girl-child education among South Sudanese of Kakuma camp, Kenya. the study was underpinned by a conceptual framework anchored on two theories, namely, socio-cultural theory and theory of Change. The study utilized a descriptive survey research design and evaluative research design. The study was conducted in Kakuma refugee camp, located in Northwestern Kenya. The target population included girls in schools within the refugee camp. The study also targeted other education stakeholders including teachers, members of the school board of management (BOM), parents, girls who dropped out of school, Humanitarian agencies implementing education in the camps and Government officials. The total sample size for the study was 451. The study employed several sampling techniques including stratified proportionate sampling, simple random sampling, convenience sampling, snowball sampling and purposive sampling. Analysis of the data was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 24) for descriptive statistics to generate frequencies and percentages. The data was presented in form of tables. The study found out that, child/early marriage, boys being preferred to girls and domestic chores were socio-cultural practices that were highly practiced Based on the conclusion the study recommends that the government should strengthen child protection services and policies to protect girls from harmful socio-cultural practices that would affect their education.

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Duncan, Sarah I., Suzanne Lenhart, and Kelly K. Sturner. "Measuring Biodiversity with Probability." Mathematics Teacher 107, no. 7 (March 2014): 547–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/mathteacher.107.7.0547.

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More and more, teachers are asked to make connections between the STEM disciplines—science, technology, engineering, and mathematics—while also addressing state standards. Mathematics is an underappreciated but important tool for the life sciences, from mathematically modeling biological processes to making sense of biological data. The activity presented here was designed for a Girls in Science camp, held at Tremont, Tennessee, in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park. The camp is designed to give local girls entering eighth grade a chance to become familiar with the natural world by doing hands-on research in the park. This particular exercise was designed to show the value of mathematics for quantifying and interpreting biodiversity data that the girls had collected.

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Weavers, Linda K., Dianne T. Bautista, Margaret E. Williams, Megan D. Moses, Corin A. Marron, and Glenda P. La Rue. "Assessing an Engineering Day Camp for Middle-School Girls." Journal of Professional Issues in Engineering Education and Practice 137, no. 3 (July 2011): 127–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)ei.1943-5541.0000046.

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Nzohabonimana, Daniel. "A Tech Camp to Empower Rwandan Girls in STEAM." Women in Higher Education 24, no. 10 (October 2015): 14–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/whe.20249.

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Wahl-Alexander, Zachary, and Craig A. Morehead. "An Observational Assessment of Physical Activity Levels and Social Behavior During Residential Summer Camp Unstructured Time." American Journal of Health Promotion 34, no. 4 (January 6, 2020): 387–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0890117119897191.

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Purpose: To evaluate children’s physical activity (PA) levels, social play behavior, activity time, and social interactions during unstructured time. Approach: Systematic observation tool to record child’s PA level, social group size, activity type, and social interaction during play. Setting: Northeast US residential summer camp, pseudonym Forest Hills Camp. Participants: Fifty-nine third-grade campers (27 males and 32 females). Method: Observational data were obtained using the System for Observing Children’s Activity and Relationships during Play (SOCARP). Data were analyzed using independent samples t tests (with Bonferroni adjustment) to assess statistical differences between boys and girls SOCARP categories. Results: Both boys and girls spend over 50% of their time in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Statistically significant differences between genders were observed: activity level—(a) girls sat more than boys, and (2) boys engaged in more vigorous activity; activity type—(1) boys engaged in more sport activity, girls engaged in more locomotion activity, and girls were more sedentary; and social interactions—(1) boys had more physical conflict, and (2) boys had more verbal conflict. Conclusion: Contrary to previous research suggesting that summer campers have increased sedentary behavior during unstructured time, our results indicate that third-grade campers engaged in MVPA over 50% of their unstructured time. This suggests that unstructured time in outdoor camp settings may provide valuable opportunities for adolescent children to choose PA.

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Pratt, Keeley J., Angela L. Lamson, David N. Collier, Yancey S. Crawford, Nancy Harris, Kevin Gross, Sharon Ballard, Sharon Sarvey, and Maria Saporito. "Camp Golden Treasures: A multidisciplinary weight-loss and a healthy lifestyle camp for adolescent girls." Families, Systems, & Health 27, no. 1 (March 2009): 116–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0014912.

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Briggs, Michele Kielty, A. Renée Staton, and Tammy D. Gilligan. "The Girls’ Leadership Experience Camp: A Parallel Process of Leadership Skill Development for School Counselors-in-Training." Professional School Counseling 13, no. 2 (December 2009): 2156759X0901300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2156759x0901300208.

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School counseling programs must provide counselors-in-training with effective and multifaceted leadership skill-building opportunities (Brott, 2006; DeVoss & Andrews, 2006; Dollarhide, Gibson, & Saginak, 2008; Kaffenberger & Murphy, 2007). The Girls’ Leadership Experience Camp (GLEC) was created by the authors to enhance the leadership abilities of local girls while providing a training ground for future school counselors to develop their own leadership abilities. The camp participants included 16 rising sixth-grade girls who were potential first-generation college students and were identified by school personnel as possible leaders. The training experiences were framed using the core qualities and components of the ASCA National Model® (American School Counselor Association, 2005). This article describes the processes and outcomes related to leadership training of future school counselors via the GLEC.

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Delp, William W., and Brett C. Singer. "Wildfire Smoke Adjustment Factors for Low-Cost and Professional PM2.5 Monitors with Optical Sensors." Sensors 20, no. 13 (June 30, 2020): 3683. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20133683.

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Air quality monitors using low-cost optical PM2.5 sensors can track the dispersion of wildfire smoke; but quantitative hazard assessment requires a smoke-specific adjustment factor (AF). This study determined AFs for three professional-grade devices and four monitors with low-cost sensors based on measurements inside a well-ventilated lab impacted by the 2018 Camp Fire in California (USA). Using the Thermo TEOM-FDMS as reference, AFs of professional monitors were 0.85 for Grimm mini wide-range aerosol spectrometer, 0.25 for TSI DustTrak, and 0.53 for Thermo pDR1500; AFs for low-cost monitors were 0.59 for AirVisual Pro, 0.48 for PurpleAir Indoor, 0.46 for Air Quality Egg, and 0.60 for eLichens Indoor Air Quality Pro Station. We also compared public data from 53 PurpleAir PA-II monitors to 12 nearby regulatory monitoring stations impacted by Camp Fire smoke and devices near stations impacted by the Carr and Mendocino Complex Fires in California and the Pole Creek Fire in Utah. Camp Fire AFs varied by day and location, with median (interquartile) of 0.48 (0.44–0.53). Adjusted PA-II 4-h average data were generally within ±20% of PM2.5 reported by the monitoring stations. Adjustment improved the accuracy of Air Quality Index (AQI) hazard level reporting, e.g., from 14% to 84% correct in Sacramento during the Camp Fire.

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Fonseca, Helena, Antonio Labisa Palmeira, Sandra Martins, and Pedro Dias Ferreira. "Short- and medium-term impact of a residential weight-loss camp for overweight adolescents." International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health 26, no. 1 (February 1, 2014): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijamh-2012-0107.

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Abstract Introduction: Management of adolescent obesity in clinical practice has been usually centered on the promotion of healthy eating and an active lifestyle, with a weak evidence base. In search of creative and more effective interventions, our objective was to evaluate the immediate and follow-up effectiveness of a residential camp program for obese adolescents. Methods: A total of 28 obese adolescents (15 girls), mean age 13.3±1.7 years and body mass index (BMI) 30.3±5.4 kg/m2, who were attending a tertiary health unit, enrolled in a 2-week camp. The activities were prepared and supervised by different specialists. All adolescents were assessed for anthropometric and psychosocial variables including body image, self-esteem, quality of life and depressive symptoms. Evaluations were conducted on the first and last day of the camp and at 6 months’ follow-up. The effect of treatment was analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) mixed models. Results: At the end of the camp, weight was reduced by –2.7±1.2%, BMI by –0.8±0.4 units and waist circumference by –2.8±9.8 cm. A reduction in depressive symptoms was identified, with greater reductions in BMI associated with a more significant improvement in depressive symptoms. At the 6 months’ follow-up only girls maintained BMI reduction, with boys having increased their BMI. Discussion: In the short-term the camp was effective in reducing BMI and improving depressive symptoms. Only girls were able to proceed with BMI reduction at 6 months. These gender differences should be further explored. Ongoing research is examining the maintenance of these improvements.

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Shu, Jian Ping, Shi Ping Fu, and Xiao Yuan Wen. "Four Girls Mountains Savage Peak Climbing Theme Attractions Design." Applied Mechanics and Materials 440 (October 2013): 387–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.440.387.

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By the fieldwork method, describe the basic situation of the four girls mountains one peak, explores the savage peak climbing area construction. Results indicate that four girls mountains peaks of geographical conditions suitable for construction in rock climbing as the theme of tourist attractions, Can plan set low, medium level of rock climbing experience area, limit climbing, blundering area, Big rock point of the downhill, camp, viewing deck and tourists rest camps, etc. The camp content is rich and concentrated, With perfect scenic area security system protection as support, Can be used as the rock theme attractions of four maiden's mountain area, At the same time to enhance mountain guide, mountain rescue, mountain co-ordinator and other technical system to cultivate ideal training base.

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Quealy-Gainer, Kate. "Girls of Paper and Fire by Natasha Ngan." Bulletin of the Center for Children's Books 72, no. 2 (2018): 83–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/bcc.2018.0693.

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Shapiro, Deborah R., Aaron Moffett, Lauren Lieberman, and Gail M. Dummer. "Perceived Competence of Children with Visual Impairments." Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness 99, no. 1 (January 2005): 15–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0145482x0509900103.

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This study examined the perceptions of competence of 43 children with visual impairments who were attending a summer sports camp. It found there were meaningful differences in the perceived competence of the girls, but not the boys, after they attended the camp, and no differences in the perceptions of competence with age.

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Robbins, Mary E., and Mark H. Schoenfisch. "An Interactive Analytical Chemistry Summer Camp for Middle School Girls." Journal of Chemical Education 82, no. 10 (October 2005): 1486. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ed082p1486.

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Crawshaw, Trisha L. "Rock and rolls: Exploring body positivity at Girls Rock Camp." Fat Studies 9, no. 1 (April 29, 2019): 17–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21604851.2019.1603502.

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Macilwain, Colin. "NSF under fire for excluding white student from camp." Nature 374, no. 6521 (March 1995): 394. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/374394c0.

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Farland-Smith, Donna. "My Daughter the Scientist? Mothers’ Perceptions of the Shift in Their Daughter’s Personal Science Identities." Journal of Educational Issues 2, no. 1 (January 7, 2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jei.v2i1.8670.

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<p>This study reports on the perspective of mothers whose daughters underwent an extensive inquiry-focused interactive one-week science camp, which involved female middle school students and university scientists. This study focused on nine mother’s perceptions of the impact the camp had on their daughter’s science identities. Following the camp, parents were interviewed and reported that, among other things, their daughters had shifted to a much keener appreciation for science as a discipline, had a greater awareness of who scientists are, where their work, and what they do, as well as a broadened and more focused interest in science careers. Key to this paper is the profound ripple effect that these experiences with scientists had on the girls’ science identities once returning to a school setting. Based on data collected, these experiences with scientists prompted students to participate more in school science and express more interest in science for as much as a year following the camp. The reflections shared by parents following their daughters’ camp participation provide important insight for parents, teachers and informal educators in terms of how girls internalize these experiences in a way that effects their own perceptions of scientists and becomes incorporated into their individual science identities.</p>

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Hinton, Richard Y., Andrew E. Lincoln, Jon L. Almquist, Wiemi A. Douoguih, and Krishn M. Sharma. "Epidemiology of Lacrosse Injuries in High School-Aged Girls and Boys." American Journal of Sports Medicine 33, no. 9 (September 2005): 1305–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546504274148.

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Objective To report the types, mechanisms, and circumstances of lacrosse injuries incurred by high school-aged girls and boys during organized interscholastic and summer camp games. Study Design Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods For 3 years, the authors gathered data on girls’ and boys’ lacrosse injuries for 359 040 high school and 28 318 summer camp athletic exposures using a lacrosse-specific computerized injury surveillance system. The most prevalent injuries were organized into multifactorial injury scenarios. Results In high school play, the injury rate for adolescent boys (2.89 per 1000 athletic exposures) was slightly higher than that for girls (2.54 per 1000 athletic exposures) (incidence rate ratio = 1.14; 95% confidence interval, 1.00-1.30). The most prevalent injuries for adolescent girls and boys were knee and ankle sprains resulting from noncontact mechanisms. Male players had significantly higher rates of shoulder, neck, trunk, and back injuries and higher game-to-practice injury ratios. In addition, they had higher rates of concussive events from player-to-player contact. Female players had higher rates of overall head injuries, many involving contusions and abrasions from stick and ball contact. Conclusions The overall injury rates for boys’ and girls’ high school lacrosse were significantly lower than those for collegiate play. Significant differences existed between adolescent boys and girls with respect to injury mechanisms, body parts injured, and player and team activity at the time of injury.

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Gately, Paul John, Carlton Brian Cooke, Ron John Butterly, Charlotte Knight, and Sean Carroll. "The Acute Effects of an 8-Week Diet, Exercise, and Educational Camp Program on Obese Children." Pediatric Exercise Science 12, no. 4 (November 2000): 413–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/pes.12.4.413.

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One hundred and ninety-four children enrolled in a summer weight loss camp program (64 boys and 130 girls, aged 12.6 ± 2.5 years) and were assessed for body mass and stature on arrival. One hundred and fourteen subjects were assessed for waist circumference, with a subgroup of 14 boys assessed on 8 skinfold thicknesses, 9 circumference measures, and a self-paced walk test to evaluate aerobic performance. A further group of 40 girls were assessed on 3 psychometric variables (self concept, body esteem, and body cathexis). During the camp (located in Massachusetts, U.S.), diet was restricted to 1,400 kcal · day−1, with a daily prescription of structured fun-type, skill-based physical activities and regular behavioral and educational sessions. Paired t tests showed highly significant improvements (p < .001) in all variables comparing pre and post intervention measures. The improvements in body composition, aerobic performance, and psychometric variables suggest that the camp program was successful in reducing significant risk factors in children’s health.

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Benedict, Bailey C. "Entanglements of Identity and Resilience in the Camp Fire’s Network of Disaster-Specific Facebook Groups." Media and Communication 10, no. 2 (April 29, 2022): 5–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/mac.v10i2.5038.

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The Camp Fire in California (November 2018) was one of the most destructive wildfires in recorded history. Dozens of Facebook groups emerged to help people impacted by the Camp Fire. Its variety and prevalence throughout recovery make this network of disaster-specific, recovery-oriented social media groups a distinct context for inquiry. Reflexive thematic analysis was performed on 25 interviews with group administrators and publicly available descriptive data from 92 Facebook groups to characterize the composition of the network and explore identity in the groups. Group members’ identities fell into two categories—helpers and survivors—while the groups consisted of six identities: general, specialized, survivor-only, pet-related, location-specific, and adoptive. Administrators established group identity around purpose, through membership criteria, and in similarity and opposition to other Camp Fire Facebook groups. The findings contribute to social identity theory and the communication theory of resilience at the intersection of resilience labor, identity anchors, and communication networks.

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Thompson, Matthew P., Jude Bayham, and Erin Belval. "Potential COVID-19 Outbreak in Fire Camp: Modeling Scenarios and Interventions." Fire 3, no. 3 (August 1, 2020): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fire3030038.

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The global COVID-19 pandemic will pose unique challenges to the management of wildland fire in 2020. Fire camps may provide an ideal setting for the transmission of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. However, intervention strategies can help minimize disease spread and reduce the risk to the firefighting community. We developed a COVID-19 epidemic model to highlight the risks posed by the disease during wildland fire incidents. Our model accounts for the transient nature of the population on a wildland fire incident, which poses unique risks to the management of communicable diseases in fire camps. We used the model to assess the impact of two types of interventions: the screening of a firefighter arriving on an incident, and social distancing measures. Our results suggest that both interventions are important to mitigate the risks posed by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. However, screening is relatively more effective on short incidents, whereas social distancing is relatively more effective during extended campaigns. We conclude with a discussion of model limitations and potential extensions to the model.

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Dadds, Mark R., and Jennifer A. Fraser. "Fire Interest, Fire Setting and Psychopathology in Australian Children: a Normative Study." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 40, no. 6-7 (June 2006): 581–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/j.1440-1614.2006.01842.x.

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Objective: Child and adolescent fire setting is associated with a broad pattern of antisocial behaviour and is associated with huge costs to the Australian community. Assessment and treatment options have principally been tested in clinically referred or incarcerated children and adolescents. Little information is available about fire setting in normal populations and thus opportunities for screening and early intervention are not well developed. Method: In this study, a large sample of 4- to 9-year-old children were assessed using a seven-item fire interest history screen with other measures of antisocial behaviour, children's mental health, parenting style and quality and parenting stress. These were followed-up with parent and teacher report measures and a diagnostic interview at 12 months. Results: The fire history screening tool demonstrated utility in screening for early signs of fire setting. Prevalences of fire interest, and match- and fire-play were low overall but consistently higher for boys than for girls across ages. As expected, fire setting was associated with parental stress and a range of antisocial behaviours including conduct problems, hyperactivity, cruelty to animals and thrill-seeking temperament. In girls, it was also associated with anxiety/depression problems. Conclusions: Fire behaviours in children are related to broader psychopathology and family stress, and can be effectively identified in young children using a brief screening measure.

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Frost, Scott M., Martin E. Alexander, R. Justin DeRose, and Michael J. Jenkins. "Fire-Environment Analysis: An Example of Army Garrison Camp Williams, Utah." Fire 3, no. 1 (March 9, 2020): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fire3010006.

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The planning of fuel treatments for ecological or societal purposes requires an in-depth understanding of the conditions associated with the occurrence of free-burning fire behavior for the area of concern. Detailed fire-environment analysis for Army Garrison Camp Williams (AGCW) in north-central Utah was completed as a prerequisite for fuel treatment planning, using a procedure that could be generally applied. Vegetation and fuels data, topographic and terrain features, and weather and climate data, were assessed and integrated into predictive fuel models to aid planning. A fire behavior fuel model map was developed from biophysical variables, vegetation type, and plot survey data using random forests, and resulted in an overall classification rate of 72%. The predominate vegetation type-fuel complex was grass, followed by lesser amounts of Gambel oak, Wyoming big sagebrush and Utah juniper. The majority of AGCW is mountainous in nature, characterized by slopes less than 40% in steepness with slightly more northerly and easterly aspects than south and west, and elevations that ranged from 1650 to 1950 m above mean sea level. Local fire weather data compiled from the three nearest remote automated weather stations indicated that average temperature maxima (32 °C) and relative humidity minima (12%) usually occurred between 1400 to 1500 h daily, and from July to August, seasonally. The semi-arid climate at AGCW, coupled with the corresponding preponderance of flashy fuel types and sloping terrain, constitutes a formidable fire environment in which to plan for mitigating against adverse fire behavior.

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Birch, Stephanie, Suzanne Stapleton, and Margarita Vargas-Betancourt. "Outreach from academic libraries: Supporting our local school district’s diversity initiative." College & Research Libraries News 81, no. 7 (July 8, 2020): 345. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/crln.81.7.345.

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Campus and community outreach activities often play an essential role in fulfilling the mission of academic libraries at public institutions. At the University of Florida (UF), library employees are partnering with local schools to support student learning and development through the exploration of new technologies and historical resources. In past years, the UF Libraries have collaborated with local teachers to host academic library tours, collection exploration, and research workshops. The UF-Marston Science Library has also hosted Girls Tech Camp, a one-week summer camp to encourage middle school girls to pursue STEM education and careers. Building on these past activities, the UF Libraries conducted a pilot project in summer 2019 to support the diversity initiative of the local school district.

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Rooney, Brigitte, Yuan Wang, Jonathan H. Jiang, Bin Zhao, Zhao-Cheng Zeng, and John H. Seinfeld. "Air quality impact of the Northern California Camp Fire of November 2018." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 20, no. 23 (December 1, 2020): 14597–616. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-14597-2020.

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Abstract. The Northern California Camp Fire that took place in November 2018 was one of the most damaging environmental events in California history. Here, we analyze ground-based station observations of airborne particulate matter that has a diameter <2.5 µm (PM2.5) across Northern California and conduct numerical simulations of the Camp Fire using the Weather Research and Forecasting model online coupled with chemistry (WRF-Chem). Simulations are evaluated against ground-based observations of PM2.5, black carbon, and meteorology, as well as satellite measurements, such as Tropospheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) aerosol layer height and aerosol index. The Camp Fire led to an increase in Bay Area PM2.5 to over 50 µg m−3 for nearly 2 weeks, with localized peaks exceeding 300 µg m−3. Using the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) high-resolution fire detection products, the simulations reproduce the magnitude and evolution of surface PM2.5 concentrations, especially downwind of the wildfire. The overall spatial patterns of simulated aerosol plumes and their heights are comparable with the latest satellite products from TROPOMI. WRF-Chem sensitivity simulations are carried out to analyze uncertainties that arise from fire emissions, meteorological conditions, feedback of aerosol radiative effects on meteorology, and various physical parameterizations, including the planetary boundary layer model and the plume rise model. Downwind PM2.5 concentrations are sensitive to both flaming and smoldering emissions over the fire, so the uncertainty in the satellite-derived fire emission products can directly affect the air pollution simulations downwind. Our analysis also shows the importance of land surface and boundary layer parameterization in the fire simulation, which can result in large variations in magnitude and trend of surface PM2.5. Inclusion of aerosol radiative feedback moderately improves PM2.5 simulations, especially over the most polluted days. Results of this study can assist in the development of data assimilation systems as well as air quality forecasting of health exposures and economic impact studies.

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Brewer, Matthew J., and Craig B. Clements. "The 2018 Camp Fire: Meteorological Analysis Using In Situ Observations and Numerical Simulations." Atmosphere 11, no. 1 (December 29, 2019): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos11010047.

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The November 2018 Camp Fire quickly became the deadliest and most destructive wildfire in California history. In this case study, we investigate the contribution of meteorological conditions and, in particular, a downslope windstorm that occurred during the 2018 Camp Fire. Dry seasonal conditions prior to ignition led to 100-h fuel moisture contents in the region to reach record low levels. Meteorological observations were primarily made from a number of remote automatic weather stations and a mobile scanning Doppler lidar deployed to the fire on 8 November 2018. Additionally, gridded operational forecast models and high-resolution meteorological simulations were synthesized in the analysis to provide context for the meteorological observations and structure of the downslope windstorm. Results show that this event was associated with mid-level anti-cyclonic Rossby wave breaking likely caused by cold air advection aloft. An inverted surface trough over central California created a pressure gradient which likely enhanced the downslope winds. Sustained surface winds between 3–6 m s−1 were observed with gusts of over 25 m s−1 while winds above the surface were associated with an intermittent low-level jet. The meteorological conditions of the event were well forecasted, and the severity of the fire was not surprising given the fire danger potential for that day. However, use of surface networks alone do not provide adequate observations for understanding downslope windstorm events and their impact on fire spread. Fire management operations may benefit from the use of operational wind profilers to better understand the evolution of downslope windstorms and other fire weather phenomena that are poorly understood and observed.

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Paris, John J., and M. Patrick Moore. "Commentary: What Kind of Fire or Whose Feet?" Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 19, no. 3 (May 28, 2010): 407–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963180110000204.

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Arabaolaza, Iraia. "A Roman Marching Camp in Ayr." Britannia 50 (May 6, 2019): 330–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0068113x19000059.

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ABSTRACT26 carefully positioned fire-pits indicate the location of a Roman marching camp situated near a river crossing and on a terrace of the river Ayr, South Ayrshire, Scotland. Radiocarbon dates from six of the pits provided dates ranging from 2 b.c. to a.d. 231, with an overlap around the Flavian period (a.d. 77–86 to 90). There is some evidence for the clay superstructure of ovens, and botanical evidence for the fuel used and crops cooked. Supplementary Material available online at https://doi.org/10.1017/S0068113X19000059.

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Vishesh Yadav, Shalini Ray, Priyanka Sachdeva, and Ankur Bhagat. "Tobacco Use and Oral Health Status among Adolescents in an Urban Slum, Gurugram." International Healthcare Research Journal 2, no. 4 (July 10, 2018): 98–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.26440/ihrj/02_04/184.

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INTRODUCTION: Tobacco use is one of the main risk factors for number of chronic diseases including cardiovascular diseases, lung cancer and oral cancer. Tobacco epidemic is one of the public health threats killing nearly six million people yearly. Tobacco use also contributes to poor oral health causing staining, bad breath and tooth decay. Different studies in India are suggestive of upward trend in use of tobacco even in adolescents.OBJECTIVES: To find the prevalence of tobacco use among adolescents in an urban slum and to assess the oral health status among them.METHODOLOGY: This cross sectional study was done as a part of oral health assessment camp conducted in an urban slum. All adolescents attending the camp were recruited in the study after due informed consent, the final sample size being 130.RESULTS: The overall tobacco use among adolescents was found to be 95.8% adolescent boys and 27.6% among adolescent girls. The most common reasons cited for tobacco use were peer pressure followed by parent’s influence. Smokeless tobacco (dry tobacco, lime, guthka) was consumed by 39.13% boys and 19% girls. Smoking was prevalent among 16.7% boys and 8.6% girls. However 41.7 % adolescent boys consumed both forms of tobacco. Prevalence of dental caries was high in both boys (77.7%) and girls (55.2%). The presence of tartar was found in 47.3% boys and 22.4% girls. Bleeding gums was found in more no. of girls (29.3%) as compared to boys (25%). The other morbidities found on examination were ulcer (16.7% boys and 3.5% girls), Oral submucous fibrosis was seen in 27.8% boys and 3.5% girls.CONCLUSION: Appropriate intervention is required as adolescence is a tender period where these risk factors like tobacco consumption and oral hygiene could be modified by awareness and counselling.

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Lynch, Myles L., C. Boyd Hegarty, Nate Trauntvein, and Jonathan A. Plucker. "Summer Camp as a Force for 21st Century Learning: Exploring Divergent Thinking and Activity Selection in a Residential Camp Setting." Journal of Youth Development 13, no. 1-2 (April 20, 2018): 286–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/jyd.2018.544.

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This study investigated change in divergent thinking (DT), an indicator of creative potential, at two gender-specific residential summer camps. Additionally, this study examined whether the change in DT varied by gender and by the type of activities campers self-select. Quantitative methods, using a quasi-experimental design was used in order to understand differences in camper scores. A total of 189 youth, 100 girls, 89 boys, between the ages of 9 and 14 years participated in the current study. Participants were administered a modified version of Guilford's (1967) alternate uses task, a measure of DT, in which respondents were asked questions such as name all of the uses for a brick or name all of the uses for a plate before the camp session started, and then again at the end of the two-week session. Results indicate overall mean significant increases in DT across all scoring methods of fluency, flexibility, and originality. Participants who self-selected one or more artistic activities (e.g., drama, arts and crafts, dance) had significant increases on the tasks as opposed to participants who did not select any artistic activities (e.g., basketball, baseball, archery). Finally, girls significantly increased across all scoring methods, whereas boys slightly increased in fluency and flexibility but not in originality. These results indicate residential summer camp may provide a creativity "benefit" for youth in attendance, especially those who participate in certain activities. Practitioners should use this study to understand their own programming in terms of creativity, activity offerings, and camp culture.

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Journal articles on the topic 'The Camp Fire Girls'

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