Journal articles: 'The case for national action'

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FitzGerald, Gerard. "CPR in Australia: A case for national action." Emergency Medicine 8, no. 1 (August 26, 2009): 3–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-2026.1996.tb00642.x.

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Kiley, James P., and Gary H. Gibbons. "COPD National Action Plan." Chest 152, no. 4 (October 2017): 698–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2017.08.1155.

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Delin, M. " The role of farmers in Local Action Groups: The case of the national network of the Local Action Groups in the Czech Republic." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 58, No. 9 (September 26, 2012): 433–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/148/2011-agricecon.

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The social inclusion of different rural population groups is one of the objectives of the Rural Development Programme of the Czech Republic for the period of 2007–2013. The fourth axis of this programme is devoted to the LEADER method and, as such, it establishes and supports an inclusive and participative bottom-up approach. This article is concerned especially with a specific social group of farmers and agricultural entrepreneurs, and the position of this group in the local action groups that constitute the National Network of the Local Action Groups (LAGs) in the Czech Republic. With regard to this subject, the role of farmers and agricultural entrepreneurs in LAGs was analysed using a questionnaire-based survey and testing a hypothesis of external and internal inclusion/exclusion (see Thuesen 2010) of farmers into/from local action groups. The results show that the level of participation differs in the local action groups, but generally speaking the position of agricultural subjects is decreasing off the subjects from the different spheres (especially NGOs).

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Decosas, Josef. "Planning for Primary Health Care: The Case of the Sierra Leone National Action Plan." International Journal of Health Services 20, no. 1 (January 1990): 167–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/y5pr-a1bq-lmrq-plgk.

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The National Action Plan for Primary Health Care, a planning document of the Sierra Leonean Ministry of Health for the restructuring of the country's rural health services, is analyzed in its social, economic, and historical context. It appears to be an attempt of the national government to gain control over the highly devolved health care delivery system, but the state has neither the political will nor the power to achieve this goal. The utility of the document is therefore in doubt, which raises two important questions: Whose interests does this plan serve, and at whose cost?

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Nutti, Ylva Jannok. "Decolonizing Indigenous teaching: Renewing actions through a Critical Utopian Action Research framework." Action Research 16, no. 1 (October 24, 2016): 82–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1476750316668240.

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This article describes experiences formed in connection with a case study in Sámi schools. The Sámi people live in the northern part of the North Calotte region and among the world’s Indigenous peoples. The development of culture-based education aims to diminish the dominance of the national curricula. The aim of this article is to understand factors that influence teachers’ views and how teachers experience culture-based education in terms of a decolonizing process. The case study was conducted in a Critical Utopian Action Research framework with future workshops. The future workshops began as collaborative self-criticism and dreaming of education and then moved to the implementation of Indigenous culture-based teaching activities in local teaching practices. The teachers expressed that they felt trapped between demands made by the national curricula and their desire to implement culture-based teaching, but they nevertheless had many ideas for themes via which culture could be linked to teaching. Through knowledge exchange between the participants in the case study, the teachers ‘rediscovered’ knowledge and reinterpreted that knowledge in a teaching setting. The teachers’ autonomy was strengthened and the teachers’ active efforts empowered them.

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Kaluski, Dorit Nitzan, Einat Ophir, and Tilahun Amede. "Food security and nutrition – the Ethiopian case for action." Public Health Nutrition 5, no. 3 (June 2002): 373–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/phn2001313.

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AbstractObjective:To assess the 1999–2000 food security situation and the food relief programmes in Ethiopia, and evaluate the need for a national food and nutrition policy.Design:A systematic search of data sources from the Ethiopian Disaster Prevention and Preparedness Commission (DPPC), the Ethiopian Central Statistical Authority, the World Food Programme (WFP) and United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), the bibliographic database Medline and direct contacts with associations, institutions and people concerned with food security in Ethiopia.Setting:Consultations to WFP Ethiopia.Results:Food availability was severely restricted due to recurrent disasters such as drought, flood, war and a lack of diversity of food items. Food accessibility was limited due to a weak subsistence-agriculture-based economy, depletion of assets, absence of income diversity and a lack of alternative coping mechanisms. Food intake adequacy was rarely achieved due to food shortages, improper diet and poor sanitary conditions. There was a lack of early warning data to monitor food security indicators. Food aid programmes did not meet the requirements for food quantities and composition, and faced major obstacles in logistics and targeting of the vulnerable population.Conclusions:Improvements in food security and the eradication of famine will require investment in sustainable projects. There is an immediate need for better planning and targeting of food aid and a national food security monitoring system. A national food and nutrition policy is recommended, focusing both on relief efforts and on underlying factors contributing to the famine.

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Closa, Carlos. "The Gulf crisis: A case study of national constraints on community action." Journal of European Integration 15, no. 1 (September 1991): 47–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07036339108428966.

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Santos, Maria Celeste Cordeiro Leite dos, and Paulo Muanis do Amaral Rocha. "Opening of the Case of Action and Preclusive Effectiveness of the Judged Thing." REVISTA INTERNACIONAL CONSINTER DE DIREITO 11, no. 11 (December 18, 2020): 55–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.19135/revista.consinter.00011.01.

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The objective of this paper is to show whether or not the Federal Supreme Court of Brazil can extend the cause of action in direct (or indirect) actions of constitutionality. How this extension can be made and whether the res judicata should be observed, given that such extension was used in a previous case, attacking the same infra-constitutional law. To do so, with simplicity, but not leaving the depth aside, we will use the issue with a focus on national jurisprudence, comparative law and various doctrines. Finally, we will address objective and subjective actions and how the “erga omnes” effect occurs in these types of actions; whether only the parts of that particular process suffer the effects of the decision rendered there, or if the whole society will benefit from what was decided in that action and in what way.

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Clopton, Zachary. "National Injunctions and Preclusion." Michigan Law Review, no. 118.1 (2019): 1–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.36644/mlr.118.1.national.

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Critics of national injunctions are lining up. Attorney General Jeff Sessions labeled these injunctions “absurd” and “simply unsustainable.” Justice Clarence Thomas called them “legally and historically dubious,” while Justice Neil Gorsuch mockingly referred to them as “cosmic injunctions.” Scholars in leading law reviews have called for their demise. Critics argue that national injunctions encourage forum shopping, unfairly burden the federal government, and depart from the history of equity. They also claim that national injunctions contradict the Supreme Court’s decision in United States v. Mendoza to exempt the federal government from offensive nonmutual issue preclusion—a doctrine that permits nonparties to benefit from a prior finding against a party from an earlier case. Critics are right to identify the connection between national injunctions and nonmutual preclusion. Both of these doctrines describe when judgments can benefit nonparties. But critics are wrong to see Mendoza as an argument against national injunctions. For one thing, the rise of nonmutual preclusion that prompted Mendoza undercuts crucial arguments against national injunctions by offering an alternative explanation for the absence of analogous injunctions in the history of equity. For another, Mendoza was not preordained; instead, it was a highly policy-driven decision. And Mendoza’s policy arguments were dubious when it was decided and even more dubious today. Scrutinizing these arguments should make us less comfortable in extending Mendoza to a new context—as the Supreme Court may be poised to do. Indeed, this Article goes one step further. The Supreme Court or Congress should take advantage of the attention on nonparty relief to reconsider, and overrule, Mendoza. Federal-government litigants do not deserve special treatment with respect to preclusion in every case, and the existing rules of preclusion adequately protect the interests purportedly at stake in Mendoza. Moreover, rejecting Mendoza has feedback effects for the national-injunctions debate. Overruling Mendoza would not only reduce the need for national injunctions (because preclusion could do some of the work) but also provide a framework for limiting national injunctions without eliminating them completely. This is especially important given recent decisions that make relying on class actions a tenuous response. More generally, overruling Mendoza would create a system that is fairer to governmental and nongovernmental litigants alike while reaffirming each branch’s role in the making of national policy.

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Aall, Carlo, Kyrre Groven, and Gard Lindseth. "The Scope of Action for Local Climate Policy: The Case of Norway." Global Environmental Politics 7, no. 2 (May 2007): 83–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/glep.2007.7.2.83.

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One of the key features of the post-Rio era has been how global environmental governance is mediated between local, national and global levels of government. In this article, we draw on experiences from local climate policy planning in Norway in order to discuss the ways in which climate change enters into a municipal policy setting. Based on the Norwegian case, supplemented with knowledge gained from an international literature review, we present a typology of six different categories of local climate policy. We highlight that local actors can both play the role as a structure for the implementation of national or international climate objectives, as well as that of being policy actors taking independent policy initiatives. We emphasize how the relationship between national and local authorities is a crucial factor if climate policy as a specific local responsibility should be further strengthened.

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Wiskulski, Tomasz. "COVID-19 and tourism – the case of Poland." Prace Komisji Geografii Komunikacji PTG 23, no. 2 (2020): 35–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/2543859xpkg.20.005.12103.

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Despite widespread information about COVID-19 disease in the media, the world did not want to acknowledge that the epidemic could get out of hand and reach Europe in a short time. This shortly led to an almost complete halt in the tourism market. Administrative decisions, whose rapid implementation was aimed to be pre-emptive action for the development of the epidemic, were not without significance for the sector of tourist services. Steps taken in Poland were perceived by many people as too drastic. This is proved, in consistence with the Senbeto and Hon model (2020), by the fact that part of the society did not obey the restrictions, taking previously planned tourist trips. The article presents actions taken at the national level and restrictions resulting from actions taken with regard to mobility related to the implementation of tourist objectives. An attempt was also made to present the consequences of the pandemic for the tourist traffic in national terms.

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Kizilaslan, Nuray. "Agricultural information systems: a national case study." Library Review 55, no. 8 (October 1, 2006): 497–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00242530610689347.

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PurposeThe purpose of the paper is to investigate the agricultural information system in Turkey, with particular reference to the effectiveness of this system for farmers.Design/methodology/approachA case study based on a review of the literature, established knowledge and national experience to date.FindingsThat, in Turkey, there is insufficient connection between the publishing activities of research institutions and other institutions active in the field. This lack of coordination causes an incomplete distribution of agricultural information to farmers. In particular, this creates an information system in which there is no effective feedback in the “research–publishing–farmer” triangle. Yet distribution of agricultural information to users and reciprocal user feedback is vital, because it is the essential mechanism by which a consistently reliable and effective distribution of information can be maintained.Research limitations/implicationsAlthough the central thesis of the paper is not advanced by reference to original research on the part of the authors, it is based on pre‐existing, well respected research which is intelligently interpreted and authoritatively synthesized by them.Practical implicationsTo solve problems of agricultural information flow, the lack of coordination among the various organizations concerned has to be dealt with effectively, and a single organization has to be set up where information is collected in and distributed from the center. Non‐public publishing and research services have to be supported and encouraged in parallel with this.Originality/valueThe paper advances a clear plan of action for improving the information system in an area of great relevance to all developing countries.

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Hodgetts, TJ, KM Porter, PF Mahoney, A. Thurgood, and C. McKinnie. "Enhancing national resilience: The citizenAID initiative." Trauma 19, no. 2 (April 2017): 83–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1460408617694217.

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Events in Europe in the last year have shown there is a realistic threat to public safety in the UK from shooting, stabbing and bombing incidents. In an interview with BBC on 31 July 2016, the Metropolitan Police Commissioner stated that an attack within UK was a case of ‘when not if’. citizenAID empowers the public to take action to save lives and thereby enhance national resilience.

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Steiner, Zara. "Decision-making in American and British foreign policy: an open and shut case." Review of International Studies 13, no. 1 (January 1987): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260210500113749.

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In the foreign policy arena, decision-making represents that area of governmental action where domestic and foreign interests intermesh. Regardless of size, resources or power, all states operate in an international environment not of their own making and not under their own control. This international system creates and limits the state's possible actions and reactions. At the same time, all those involved in national foreign policy making act in a domestic context which shapes the national interest and the choice of options. Given this Janus-like position, nations respond to common problems but evolve distinctive and different methods of handling them. A comparison between British and American practice reveals striking parallels and contrasts.

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Kay Rinehart, Amanda, Patrice-Andre Prud'homme, and Andrew Reid Huot. "Overwhelmed to action: digital preservation challenges at the under-resourced institution." OCLC Systems & Services 30, no. 1 (February 4, 2014): 28–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/oclc-06-2013-0019.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the importance of beginning digital preservation efforts with restricted resources. Design/methodology/approach – The paper presents a case study approach, which is enhanced by advice from national experts in digital preservation. Findings – This paper details how Milner Library digital preservation advocates have approached the task by seeking collaborations, speaking to administration, participating in national efforts and starting with small steps. Research limitations/implications – As a case study, this paper is limited to one institution's experience with promoting digital preservation. Practical implications – This paper reviews basic misconceptions about and challenges with digital preservation. Many smaller or mid-sized institutions are left out of the digital preservation conversation because they cannot begin to meet national standards with restricted resources. Originality/value – This paper represents small and mid-sized institutions and the challenges of digital preservation. As well, the paper includes valuable insights from national experts in digital preservation.

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Bulger, Eileen M., Todd E. Rasmussen, Gregory J. Jurkovich, Timothy C. Fabian, Rosemary A. Kozar, Raul Coimbra, Todd W. Costantini, et al. "Implementation of a National Trauma Research Action Plan (NTRAP)." Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery 84, no. 6 (June 2018): 1012–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ta.0000000000001812.

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McCaskill, John, Julie Haworth, and James Harrington. "A Case Study of Public Trust, Collective Action, and Water." Journal of Public Administration and Governance 9, no. 1 (February 12, 2019): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jpag.v9i1.14129.

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Public trust is a critical component in the governance of public resources. The structure of that governance can have a profound impact on the level of trust citizens have in the way resources are allocated. This study relates the findings of an exit poll conducted during the primaries for the 2016 presidential elections. The questions related to the level of trust voters had regarding their local government and their subsequent attitudes toward the water conservation messaging from those governments. The findings support national survey findings that citizens in the United States have a high level of trust in local government, which enables longer-term solutions to collective action problems.

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Okhrimenko, Alla, and Liudmila Bovsh. "Inclusive development in the national tourist system: case of Ukraine." Tourism and Travelling 2, no. 1 (January 15, 2020): 45–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/tt.2(1).2019.06.

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The sustainable development of tourism, which provides for natural and cultural and historical resource-saving and increase, observing the environmental standards becomes dominant and is a requirement for tourism successful development. The main direction of sustainable tourism development within a certain country – national tourist system (NTS) is inclusiveness. According to the results of human and inclusive development indicators, the volumes of employment in tourism, there were defined the problems of Ukraine concerning the insufficient level of human development, the presence of displaced population from the military actions zone and the population that suffers from grievances and has features of poverty. It is emphasized that NTS can implement the inclusive business models through such key foundations: Particular attention is paid to substantiating the mutual satisfaction of the economic interests of stakeholders when forming the NTS inclusive business models. There was elaborated the vision of possible key strategies of business entities for expanding the economic opportunities in the context of inclusive development. According to the study results, there was presented the architectonics of the interaction of NTS subjects when implementing the inclusive business models, where the groups of stakeholders, directions, forms of activity, and possible effects of their implementation were defined. Attention is paid to the need for further systemic studies of the considered problem in response to challenges and threats to tourism as a global social, environmental, and economic phenomenon.

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Nestle, Marion. "Health Care Reform in Action — Calorie Labeling Goes National." New England Journal of Medicine 362, no. 25 (June 24, 2010): 2343–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/nejmp1003814.

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Mlakar, Lucija Mulej, Annmarie Gorenc Zoran, and Jaroslav Mihalik. "A Case Study on Local Initiatives and Questions of National Resources." Lex localis - Journal of Local Self-Government 12, no. 3 (May 9, 2014): 659–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4335/12.3.659-669(2014).

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The case study in this paper presents an initial descriptive account of a local initiative in utilizing local resources to stimulate not only economic growth, but also rural resources, knowledge and experience of residents and entrepreneurs. Living Houses project is one example of a tangible local initiative. The descriptive case study describe one local action group located in central Slovenia and their experience with implementing a project that includes principles of rural development set out by EU policy. The authors of the article also present further steps and evaluation tools that need to be implemented into the project.

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Moses, Michele S. "Moral and Instrumental Rationales for Affirmative Action in Five National Contexts." Educational Researcher 39, no. 3 (April 2010): 211–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/0013189x10365086.

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The author’s primary aims are to clarify the differing rationales for affirmative action that have emerged in five nations—France, India, South Africa, the United States, and Brazil—and to make the case for the most compelling rationales, whether instrumentally or morally based. She examines the different social contexts surrounding the establishment and public discussion of each nation’s policy. Next, she examines four justifications for affirmative action in these nations: remediation, economics, diversity, and social justice. She offers philosophical analysis of the justifications for affirmative action in each country and synthesizes federal and state legislation, court decisions, news media sources, and research-based scholarship. She argues that the social justice rationale ought to be invoked more centrally, underscoring affirmative action’s role in fostering a democratic society.

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Ferkins, Lesley, Gael Mcdonald, and David Shilbury. "A model for improving board performance: The case of a national sport organisation." Journal of Management & Organization 16, no. 4 (September 2010): 601–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1833367200001966.

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AbstractThe transition of many sport organisations from being predominantly volunteer-administered and anchored in an amateur ethos to professionally managed entities has created unique challenges for the governance of sport. This paper provides a contribution to the governance literature through the presentation of a situational case where a four-stage model, drawn from an action research approach, has been used for developing a board's strategic capability and subsequent improvement in organisational performance. Action research is founded on the premise that change and research are not mutually exclusive and that dual foci on improving practice and developing theory are possible (Coghlan & Brannick, 2001). Utilising a national sport organisation (NSO) in New Zealand the study developed and tested a structured model for improving board functioning and, specifically, strategic contribution. While the case to which the model has been applied is an NSO, the model and the subsequent reflections have value for non-profit as well as commercial entities particularly with regard to a greater understanding of the mechanisms associated with balancing the performance and conformance roles of the board.

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Ferkins, Lesley, Gael Mcdonald, and David Shilbury. "A model for improving board performance: The case of a national sport organisation." Journal of Management & Organization 16, no. 4 (September 2010): 601–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5172/jmo.2010.16.4.601.

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AbstractThe transition of many sport organisations from being predominantly volunteer-administered and anchored in an amateur ethos to professionally managed entities has created unique challenges for the governance of sport. This paper provides a contribution to the governance literature through the presentation of a situational case where a four-stage model, drawn from an action research approach, has been used for developing a board's strategic capability and subsequent improvement in organisational performance. Action research is founded on the premise that change and research are not mutually exclusive and that dual foci on improving practice and developing theory are possible (Coghlan & Brannick, 2001). Utilising a national sport organisation (NSO) in New Zealand the study developed and tested a structured model for improving board functioning and, specifically, strategic contribution. While the case to which the model has been applied is an NSO, the model and the subsequent reflections have value for non-profit as well as commercial entities particularly with regard to a greater understanding of the mechanisms associated with balancing the performance and conformance roles of the board.

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Bédoyan, Isabelle, Peter Aelst, and Stefaan Walgrave. "Limitations and Possibilities of Transnational Mobilization: The Case of Eu Summit Protesters in Brussels, 2001." Mobilization: An International Quarterly 9, no. 1 (February 1, 2004): 39–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.17813/maiq.9.1.d599r28j75356jp1.

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Although transnational political institutions have been around for decades, it is only recently that the wave of protest against neoliberal globalization has successfully mobilized on a transnational scale. Nevertheless, barriers to transnational participation in protests are especially difficult to overcome. By means of a survey conducted with protesters from all over Europe during the 2001 anti-neoliberal globalization demonstrations at the EU summit in Brussels, we explore the specific impediments to transnational mobilization in the European context. How do anti-neoliberal globalization movement organizations manage to overcome obstacles while other movements are only able to coordinate collective action on a national level? Special attention is given to the impact these difficulties have on the motivation and profile of foreign versus local protesters. Are foreign protesters more radical in their actions than the local participants? Do they take a stronger stance towards their protest actions against globalization? We close by speculating on the future of this movement and on transnational collective action in general.

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Surak, Kristin. "Rupture and Rhythm: A Phenomenology of National Experiences." Sociological Theory 35, no. 4 (December 2017): 312–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0735275117740403.

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This article investigates how people make sense of ruptures in the flow of everyday life as they enter new experiential domains. Shifts in being-in-time create breaks in the natural attitude that offer the opportunity to register national—or, for example, religious, gender, or class—experiences. People interpret ruptures in perception and proprioception by drawing connections with domains in which similar or contrasting kinds of disruption are evident. Normalizing the transition, rhythm—as both cadence and overall flow—helps people adjust to new circumstances, align action, and smooth subsequent ruptures. Based on extensive qualitative fieldwork, I examine the specific case of how novice and experienced tea ceremony practitioners in Japan move into, interpret, and normalize action within tea spaces.

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Piggot-Irvine, Eileen. "Triangulation in action." Evaluation Journal of Australasia 8, no. 1 (March 2008): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1035719x0800800102.

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This article presents a summary review of the design and results of an independently conducted evaluation of a national New Zealand (NZ) Ministry of Education funded contract for professional development of staff of students with special education needs in 49 schools. The evaluation was conducted as a mixed method design (Johnson & Onwuegbuzie 2004) in the following three phases: a broad questionnaire issued to all participants associated with the development; eight focus groups with a sample of participants; and success case studies (Brinkerhoff, 2003) with four schools. The most significant overall finding was that regardless of the approach to development engaged in (either action research, AR, or action learning, AL), there was an outstanding recurring characteristic of staff and supporters wanting to see the students excel. Other key participant self-report impacts from the small-scale projects on adaptation of the curriculum fell under the headings of improved social interaction and academic achievement for students, changes in values and attitudes (for students and teachers), and changes in teaching practice. Participants referred to the importance of school context factors (inclusive planning, management support) and internal and external experts as enablers towards the effectiveness of development. Barriers to effectiveness were noted as associated with initial national contract administration, the number of development initiatives involved in and lack of alignment between these varied initiatives. Maintaining and sustaining the effective impact of projects was seen as dependent on: ongoing commitment and follow-through by school management, governors and program teachers; having ongoing funding and support (internal and external); and bringing other staff on board. The Phase Three success case evaluation revealed an important element that distinguished projects perceived to be highly successful by both the participants and Ministry of Education personnel. In this small proportion of projects the participant action researchers/learners utilised ‘informed’ decision-making. Although many participants in Phases One and Two justified their limited use of informed decision-making by noting that it was either too early to validate project outcome changes, or it was difficult to show causal effect (changes could be attributed to the development program), a hallmark of the four success cases was the use of strong data in the reconnaissance and evaluation phases of the AR and AL and improvement initiatives that were informed by both this data and relevant previous literature.

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Clark, Benjamin Y. "Multilateral, regional, and national determinants of policy adoption: the case of HIV/AIDS legislative action." International Journal of Public Health 58, no. 2 (July 20, 2012): 285–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00038-012-0393-6.

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Hatum, Andrés. "The Influence of National Business Environment as Shaper of Organizatinoal Action: The Case of Argentina." Management Research: Journal of the Iberoamerican Academy of Management 4, no. 3 (October 2006): 155–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2753/jmr1536-5433040302.

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Clarke, Harold D., and Alan C. Acock. "National Elections and Political Attitudes: The Case of Political Efficacy." British Journal of Political Science 19, no. 4 (October 1989): 551–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007123400005639.

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Elections constitute a principal avenue of citizen involvement in political life, and knowledge of their effects on public attitudes towards the polity and the role of the individual therein has important implications for theories of democratic governance. One sucli attitude is political efficacy, ‘the feeling that individual political action does have, or can have, an impact on the political process’. Although many studies have documented that political efficacy is positively associated with electoral participation, the causal mechanisms involved are not well understood. Most researchers have simply assumed that the ‘causal arrow’ runs from efficacy to participation, i.e. from the attitude to the behaviour. Investigations of the hypothesis that the behaviour (participation) affects the attitude (efficacy) are rare. Rarer still are enquiries focusing on the impact of election outcomes on efficacy, and studies that examine both effects are virtually non-existent. In this Note covariance structure analysis is used to investigate the effects of voting, campaign activity and the outcomes of the 1984 national elections on political efficacy in the American electorate.

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Coimbra, Raul, Rosemary A. Kozar, Jason W. Smith, Ben L. Zarzaur, Carl J. Hauser, Frederick A. Moore, Jeffrey A. Bailey, et al. "The Coalition for National Trauma Research supports the call for a national trauma research action plan." Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery 82, no. 3 (March 2017): 637–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ta.0000000000001353.

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Larrieu, Edmundo, Carlos F. Pavletic, Eduardo A. Guarnera, Natalia Casas, Pilar Irabedra, Ciro Ferreira, Julio Sayes, et al. "Cystic echinococcosis in South America: a call for action." Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública 41 (April 15, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.26633/rpsp.2017.42.

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Cystic echinococcosis (CE) or hydatidosis, a parasitic zoonosis caused by a cestode of the family Taeniidae, species Echinococcus granulosus, is endemic in Argentina, Chile, Peru, Uruguay, and southern Brazil. This report presents CE figures for these five countries in 2009 – 2014 and proposes indicators to measure national control programs. Nearly 5 000 new CE cases were diagnosed annually in the five countries during the study period. The average case fatality rate was 2.9%, which suggests that CE led to approximately 880 deaths in these countries during the 6-year period. CE cases that required secondary or tertiary health care had average hospital stays of 10.6 days, causing a significant burden to health systems. The proportion of new cases (15%) in children less than 15 years of age suggests ongoing transmission. Despite figures showing that CE is not under control in South America, the long-standing implementation of national and local control programs in three of the five countries has achieved reductions in some of the indicators. The Regional Initiative for the Control of CE, which includes the five countries and provides a framework for networking and collaboration, must intensify its efforts.

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Kerr, Anthony. "Call to action: the proposed National Formulary for Wound Care." Journal of Wound Care 24, no. 12 (December 2, 2015): 551. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/jowc.2015.24.12.551.

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Mlejnková, Petra. "The Transnationalization of Ethno-nationalism : The Case of the Identitarian Movement." Intersections 7, no. 1 (2021): 136–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.17356/ieejsp.v7i1.572.

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The Identitarian movement, a radical-right movement active in a number of European countries, desires to unite European nationalists in international action. Nevertheless, the theory claims that the latter ideology is based on nativism. This might create internal ideological conflict between nativism versus transnationalism. The article offers a qualitative analysis of how the movement solves the issue of identity framing on the transnational level. This is a question of how the ethno-nationalist message is transformed to the transnational level, and how national needs are translated into transnational ones. The findings show that the Identitarian movement constructs a two-fold identity – a national one and a European one; and operates with three types of identity framing, thereby building a complex picture of a common past, present, and future. All three frames always act to maintain a balance between both identities, and always work with the language of civilization. Such framing, then, might lead to the successful mobilization of international resources and turn ideas into action.

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Nattrass, Nicoli. "Collective action problems and the role of South African business in national and regional accords." South African Journal of Business Management 28, no. 3 (September 30, 1997): 105–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajbm.v28i3.795.

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This article examines some of the collective action problems which beset South African business in national and regional accords. The first part concludes that incomes policy type accords at national level are unlikely to be successful in South Africa. The main part of the article considers accords at subnational level where conflicts of interest are more easily (but not entirely) resolved. This is done by means of two case studies of business acting collectively to promote regional or local development. The first looks at the role of organized business in the Eastern Cape Socio-Economic Consultative Council (ECSECC). It is suggested that the geographical divide between the various business organizations undermines the potential for collective action. The second describes the more successful local housing accord which was negotiated in Port Elizabeth.

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Maclean, Mairi, and Charles Harvey. "Elite connectivity and concerted action in French organization." International Journal of Organizational Analysis 22, no. 4 (October 7, 2014): 449–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijoa-05-2013-0663.

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Purpose – The purpose of this study is to explore some of the distinctive features of organizing and organization in France which set it apart from organization in other nations, and which are fundamental to its modus operandi. In particular, this article is concerned with elite connectivity and concerted action by elite “connectors”. Design/methodology/approach – The research underpinning this article stems from a cross-national comparative project on business elites and corporate governance in France and the UK. This has three dimensions, being quantitative, qualitative and case study-based. Concerted action by the ruling elite is explored through two illustrative vignettes: the ousting from office of Jean-Marie Messier and State-sponsored expansion as pursued by EDF. Both examples shed light on the French business elite’s response to globalization and the development of international business. Findings – The paper finds elite cohesion to be achieved quite differently in the two countries. In addition, it finds that the ties that bind French connectors tend to be strong and institutionally based. Practical implications – The case of EDF suggests that the most ambitious of State-sponsored strategies can also be the most successful. It implies that elite ideologies in France have deviated relatively little from sentiments expressed by Rousseau and de Gaulle concerning the primacy of the national interest and the conviction that firms can serve as an (expansionist) instrument of the nation. The Messier case illuminates the pattern of close relationships among the French business elite. It demonstrates how a strategy of expansion may come unstuck when it is not grounded in the customary modes of business regulation. Originality/value – This research confirms a slight preference on the part of the French business elite for more homogenous ties. Against this, the paper demonstrates that a significant proportion of the French elite act as boundary spanners, brokering relationships with others from more distant parts of the wider network. The integration of the French elite in the Eurozone has potentially favored bridge-building relationships and weakened national embeddedness. This may contribute to the decline of indigenous interlocks, while promoting the further internationalization of top management teams. The implications of this for organizational strategy, firm survival and economic performance form an agenda for future research.

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Poole, Lynne. "National Action Plans for Social Inclusion and A8 migrants: The case of the Roma in Scotland." Critical Social Policy 30, no. 2 (May 2010): 245–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0261018309358291.

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Shin, Youseop. "Constituency Opinion and PAC Contributions: A Case of the National Abortion and Reproductive Rights Action League." Public Choice 118, no. 1/2 (January 2004): 133–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:puch.0000013797.54523.4b.

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Reed, Jean-Pierre. "The Bible, religious storytelling, and revolution: The case of Solentiname, Nicaragua." Critical Research on Religion 5, no. 3 (September 20, 2017): 227–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2050303217732130.

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Building on the storytelling, political storytelling, and religious storytelling literatures, I examined the role religious stories play in the formation of revolutionary convictions. This study’s primary sources of data are volumes I, II, and III of The Gospel in Solentiname, a historical record of religious discussions that took place in an isolated campesino community at a seminary-like setting under a growing national revolutionary scenario in 1970s Nicaragua. My analysis of these discussions reveals that religious discourse based on stories of prophecy, Christian virtue, miracles, and social challenges to revolutionary action allowed story-users to assert, explore, and promote models of action and moral orientation consistent with the making of revolution.

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Simm, G., J. A. Woolliams, G. L. H. Alderson, T. Brigstocke, M. Roper, and P. Hambling. "The UK National Action Plan on Farm Animal Genetic Resources." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2007 (April 2007): 251. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200021542.

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The UK’s Farm Animal Genetic Resources (FAnGR) – its farm animal breeds, strains and varieties, and the variability within them-are of great economic, social and cultural importance. For these reasons alone it is important that we care for them, but we also have national and international obligations to do so.

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Vrabková, Iveta, and Pavel Šaradín. "The Technical Efficiency of Local Action Groups: a Czech Republic Case Study." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 65, no. 3 (2017): 1065–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201765031065.

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Local Action Groups (LAGs) represent a dynamic platform for inter-municipal cooperation in Europe. Their principal advantages include EU funding and the capacity to generate economic returns and stimulate the development of local communities. The methodology used for the evaluation of the performance of LAGs is defined by the EU on the one hand and by national authorities on the other. Furthermore, there are an entire array of evaluation tools and academic experiments available. The present paper does not aim at a comprehensive evaluation of LAGs, but instead only examines the technical efficiency of LAGs. Using the Czech Republic as an example, the paper introduces an evaluation tool to measure the technical efficiency of LAGs and describes how it can be applied. The adoption of this tool is seen as a means of improving one of the parameters of the performance of LAGs.

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Muller, Edward N., Henry A. Dietz, and Steven E. Finkel. "Discontent and the Expected Utility of Rebellion: The Case of Peru." American Political Science Review 85, no. 4 (December 1991): 1261–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1963945.

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Discontent theories of rebellion postulate that politicized discontent will have a strong independent effect on individuals' potential to participate in rebellious political action. Expected utility theories postulate that participation in rebellious action is motivated by expectation of reward and that discontent is relevant at most only insofar as individuals expect that collective action can be successful and that their participation is important to that end. We test these theories with data from a national sample and a sample of students at a protest-prone university in Peru, a country with significant objective conditions of discontent and a high incidence of rebellious political conflict. The results provide no evidence for the discontent models but strong support for the expected utility models. The potential for participation in rebellious political action proves to be a function primarily of discontent weighted by the expectancy of the action's success and the perceived importance of personal participation. Private social and normative rewards and costs also are relevant—but to a lesser extent—for the individual's calculation of the expected utility of participation.

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Nathanson, Constance A. "Collective Actors and Corporate Targets in Tobacco Control: A Cross-National Comparison." Health Education & Behavior 32, no. 3 (June 2005): 337–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1090198105275047.

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Cross-national comparative analysis of tobacco control strategies can alert health advocates to how opportunities for public health action, types of action, and probabilities for success are shaped by political systems and cultures. This article is based on case studies of tobacco control in the United States, Canada, Britain, and France. Two questions are addressed: (a) To whom were the dangers of smoking attributed? and (b) What was the role of collective action—grassroots level organization—in combating these dangers? Activists in Canada, Britain, and France moved earlier than the United States did to target the tobacco industry and the state. Locally based advocacy centered on passive smoking has been far more important in the United States. The author concludes that U.S.-style advocacy has played a major role in this country’s smoking decline but is insufficient in and of itself to change the corporate practices of a wealthy and politically powerful industry.

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Warwick, Robert James, Adam Palmer, and Janet McCray. "Action learning: ripples within and beyond the set." Leadership in Health Services 30, no. 2 (May 2, 2017): 138–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/lhs-10-2016-0049.

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Purpose This paper aims to explore the impact of action learning (AL) on an individual and an organisation, particularly the process by which each affected the other. The organisation is a UK National Health Service (NHS) Trust that includes two hospitals. Design/methodology/approach This is a single person case study involving a clinician, but the voice of an author can also be heard. It involves the experience of the individual as they experience AL as part of a leadership development programme leading to a postgraduate certificate. The authors explain their caution of the case study approach and in doing so offer their thoughts in how this paper could be read and impact on practice. Findings The authors show a process whereby an AL set participant moves from being confident about their project to one of uncertainty as the impact of the project ripples throughout the organisation. Through this process of unsettlement, the individual’s unnoticed assumptions are explored in ways that enable practical action to be taken. In doing so, the individual’s leadership and identity developed. Research limitations/implications This is a single person case study in one organisation, thus affecting wider generalisation. Originality/value This single case study contributes to the debate on critical AL and the use of AL in the NHS.

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Hart, Janet. "Women in the Greek Resistance: National Crisis and Political Transformation." International Labor and Working-Class History 38 (1990): 46–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s014754790001019x.

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In a 1982 review article, Theda Skocpol asks the question, “What makes peasants revolutionary?” She analyzes the conclusions of authors who endeavor to explain what leads peasants—a stereotypically powerless group—to engage in collective action that challenges the economic or political status quo. The above example suggests a useful paraphrase of the question: was Stathoula's case exceptional, and if not, what made a Greek working-class woman during the 1940s revolutionary?

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Winterdyk, John. "Combating Human Trafficking at the Local Level: Better Informing (Inter)national Action Plans." International Annals of Criminology 55, no. 2 (November 2017): 220–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cri.2017.14.

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AbstractDespite increasing awareness of human trafficking in Canada (and internationally), there is limited knowledge about how local communities are responding to the experiences of trafficked persons. By focusing on the case of counter-trafficking responses in a major city in western Canada, this project represents the first Canadian attempt to document how a major urban centre is addressing human trafficking. The exploratory project surveyed 53 respondents representing agencies involved in the counter-trafficking response, which in various capacities serve individuals victimized by trafficking. Building on the survey findings, five focus group discussions were also conducted. The article suggests that, while a criminal justice framework is important for addressing human trafficking, local strategies will benefit from an emphasis on cross-sector collaboration that emphasizes the rights of the trafficked persons above the needs of law enforcement. Implications for (inter)national responses are also presented.

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Sungkowati, Yulitin. "Jejak Praktik Militerisme dalam Puisi Indonesia." ATAVISME 10, no. 2 (December 31, 2007): 97–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.24257/atavisme.v10i2.244.97-105.

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The existence of military in a country does not automatically mean militarism. However, during the New Order era, militarism was used to dominate political life and became a power shield as an excuse to maintain national stability. The military practice could be seen, among other things in Indonesian literary works, particularly in Wiji Thukul's, Rendra's, Eka Budianta's, and K.H. A. Mustafa Bisri's writing as a reflection of his period. These poems depict military action in the New Order power such as in the land reform case, workers protest, and the 27th of July incident. Military action has become a violent pattern to silence these unpleasant incidents. Some critical activists experienced these violent actions such as terror, kidnapping, and torturing,

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Davis, Kevin E., Guillermo Jorge, and Maíra R. Machado. "Transnational Anticorruption Law in Action: Cases from Argentina and Brazil." Law & Social Inquiry 40, no. 03 (2015): 664–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/lsi.12102.

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Debates over whether transnational and international legal institutions are fair, effective, or legitimate responses to corruption of local public officials have an important empirical dimension. We use case studies to examine whether foreign legal institutions serve as fair, effective, and legitimate complements to local anticorruption institutions. We refer to this set of claims as the “institutional complementarity theory.” The first case study centers on proceedings concerning bribes paid by subsidiaries of Siemens AG, a German company, to obtain and retain a contract to provide national identity cards for the Argentine government. The second case study examines events stemming from overbilling in the construction of a courthouse in Brazil. Analysis of these cases suggests that the institutional complementary theory is credible. At the same time, the findings suggest that local institutions have greater potential, and foreign institutions have more limited potential, than the theory assumes.

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Looms, Rachel. "Creation of a primary care personal asthma action plan." Independent Nurse 2019, no. 5 (May 2, 2019): 14–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/indn.2019.5.14.

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Bashevkin, Sylvia. "Free Trade and Canadian Feminism: The Case of the National Action Committee on the Status of Women." Canadian Public Policy / Analyse de Politiques 15, no. 4 (December 1989): 363. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3550353.

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TOGRIDOU, ANATOLI, TASOS HOVARDAS, and JOHN D. PANTIS. "Factors shaping implementation of protected area management decisions: a case study of the Zakynthos National Marine Park." Environmental Conservation 33, no. 3 (August 8, 2006): 233–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892906003171.

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Institutional and non-institutional factors for the success of protected area (PA) governance have repeatedly been identified, but their relative weight has not been evaluated. To investigate the implementation of PA management in Zakynthos (Greece), meeting minutes of the local Park Authority for its first four years of operation were reviewed and statistically analysed. The Park Authority's autonomy and management complexity were indicated and with reference to governance, members of the local Park Authority belonged to the ‘inner-circle’ of decision-making and the Ministry of Environment formed the ‘environment’, since administrative issues had to be approved by the latter. Implementation of actions referring to administrative issues was less likely than implementation of environmental, social and economic arrangements, where the Park Authority had a higher degree of autonomy. The implementation of arrangements for promoting administrative stability and viability was highly dependent on external actions (annual government funding and approval of by-law governance and implementation). The more sophisticated and complex the governance system became, the more likely it was that Park Authority encountered difficulty when trying to make choices and changes. The methodology proved effective in revealing the management behaviour of the Park Authority, as well as indicating institutional and non-institutional issues that most significantly affected the harnessing of resources and the degree of action implementation; this could offer crucial feedback to managers and governmental representatives on the factors responsible for the success or failure of PA management.

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Journal articles on the topic 'The case for national action'

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