Journal articles: 'The Chess Master'

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Schaeffer, J. "Master Chess by Belle." ICGA Journal 8, no. 3 (September 1, 1985): 192. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/icg-1985-8314.

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Panda, Abinash. "Anil K Khandelwal, CEO: Chess Master or Gardener?" South Asian Journal of Human Resources Management 7, no. 2 (November 16, 2020): 315–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2322093720929259.

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Campitelli, Guillermo, Fernand Gobet, and Amanda Parker. "Structure and Stimulus Familiarity: A Study of Memory in Chess-Players with Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging." Spanish Journal of Psychology 8, no. 2 (November 2005): 238–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1138741600005126.

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A grandmaster and an international chess master were compared with a group of novices in a memory task with chess and non-chess stimuli, varying the structure and familiarity of the stimuli, while functional magnetic resonance images were acquired. The pattern of brain activity in the masters was different from that of the novices. Masters showed no differences in brain activity when different degrees of structure and familiarity where compared; however, novices did show differences in brain activity in such contrasts. The most important differences were found in the contrast of stimulus familiarity with chess positions. In this contrast, there was an extended brain activity in bilateral frontal areas such as the anterior cingulate and the superior, middle, and inferior frontal gyri; furthermore, posterior areas, such as posterior cingulate and cerebellum, showed great bilateral activation. These results strengthen the hypothesis that when performing a domain-specific task, experts activate different brain systems from that of novices. The use of the experts-versus-novices paradigm in brain imaging contributes towards the search for brain systems involved in cognitive processes.

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Müller, Dieter. "A program for analyzing two move chess problems." ICGA Journal 42, no. 2-3 (November 10, 2020): 171–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/icg-200162.

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This contribution reports about an almost forgotten attempt to find themes in chess composition automatically by machine. Based on investigations of the late International Master of Chess Composition Dieter Müller in the 1970s, the writers describe some of his results. They hope to fill a gap in the great history of chess programming.

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Raskin, Jonah. "The Master of Nasty." Boom 2, no. 4 (2012): 87–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/boom.2012.2.4.87.

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Raymond Chandler relished finding names for his quirky characters, including Philip Marlowe, the pipe-smoking, chess-playing private eye—a literary kinsman to Sam Spade, Dashiell Hammett’s solitary sleuth—whom I first met in the pages of fiction as a teenager and whom I have known more than fifty years. Sometimes the names are dead giveaways about the morality or immorality of the character, sometimes they’re opaque, but I’ve always found them intriguing and an open invitation to try to solve the mystery myself.

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Gobet, Fernand, and Herbert A. Simon. "The Roles of Recognition Processes and Look-Ahead Search in Time-Constrained Expert Problem Solving: Evidence From Grand-Master-Level Chess." Psychological Science 7, no. 1 (January 1996): 52–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.1996.tb00666.x.

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Chess has long served as an important standard task environment for research on human memory and problem-solving abilities and processes In this article, we report evidence on the relative importance of recognition processes and planning (look-ahead) processes in very high level expert performance in chess The data show that the rated skill of a top-level grand master is only slightly lower when he is playing simultaneously against a half-dozen grand-master opponents than under tournament conditions that allow much more time for each move As simultaneous play allows little time for look-ahead processes, the data indicate that recognition, based on superior chess knowledge, plays a much larger part in high-level skill in this task than does planning by looking ahead

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D’Silva, Nelson A. "Management Practice in India: Turning Around a Public Sector Bank." Management and Labour Studies 44, no. 3 (July 29, 2019): 345–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0258042x19851686.

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Panda, Abinash. "Book review: Anil K. Khandelwal, CEO: Chess Master or Gardener? How Game-changing HR Reforms Created a New Future of Bank of Baroda." Vision: The Journal of Business Perspective 23, no. 1 (March 2019): 107–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0972262918821244.

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Anil K. Khandelwal, CEO: Chess Master or Gardener? How Game-changing HR Reforms Created a New Future of Bank of Baroda, 2018, New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 358 + xxvi pp., ₹750. ISBN: 978-0-19-948564-2.

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Mikhaylova, I. "PEDAGOGICAL CONCEPT OF TECHNICAL AND TACTICAL TRAINING OF PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES IN CHESS SPORT." Human Sport Medicine 19, no. 4 (January 28, 2020): 111–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.14529/hsm190413.

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Aim. The purpose of the study is to determine the systemic directions and priority ways and develop the stages and technologies for technical and tactical training of people with disabilities for achieving the effective results in chess sport in the long-time perspective. Materials and methods. The empirical study of technical and tactical training conducted in 2005–2015 involved 1275 persons at the age from 10 to 72 years with musculoskeletal disorders, hearing or visual impairments. The criteria for assessing the effectiveness of technical and tactical training were diagnostic questionnaires, specialized chess tests, as well as the following psychodiagnostic techniques: the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI); well-being, activity, mood test (“SAN”-test); The Short Form-36; the UCLA Loneliness Scale. Results. The survey revealed the actual factors hindering effective sports training: difficulties in reaching the training sites, lack of information about chess sections and Internet availability. The upward trend in the technical and tactical training (TTT) dynamics is confirmed by the growth of results due to implementing strategy and tactics – up to 31 %; the development of operational thinking – up to 25 %; recent memory – up to 27 %, evaluative function – up to 31 %. As a result of sports training 72 chess players achieved the ranks and titles of The International Chess Federation, including the title of “International Chess Grand Master”. Conclusion. The pedagogical concept realized by a set of standard and innovative means, methods, organizational forms of adaptive TTT along with psychological and pedagogical support and comprehensive supervision allows to effectively transform the intellectual potential of a chess player into a sports result.

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Rao, T. V. "Anil K. Khandelwal, CEO Chess Master or Gardner?: How Game-changing HR Reforms Created a New Future for Bank of Baroda." NHRD Network Journal 12, no. 1 (January 2019): 72–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2631454118817361.

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Juni, Ngakan Ketut. "Wiku Catur Asrama Menurut Lontar Wasista Tattwa." Sphatika: Jurnal Teologi 11, no. 1 (July 2, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.25078/sp.v11i1.1498.

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Wiku according to Lontar Wasista Tattwa is a well-behaved saint, a descendant of a saint, able to recite and master the third Vedic mantra, his behavior is perfect, always meditating on God. One type of wiku described in the Wasista Tattwa ejection is the boarding chess board, namely: brahmacari wiku, grhasta wiku, wanaprasta, and bhiksuka. Brahmacari wiku duty is not to be angry with the community, there is nothing that be desired, there is no binding work in the world, no house or residence. The obligation of Wiku Grehastha is to be married and have children, make the family happy, always diligently study the three Vedas, be friendly to guests, always obey God, and be diligent in practicing yoga. Obligation of wiku wanaprasta is to direct oneself to God and attain self-awareness, no longer commit myself to household tasks and social community. The duty of the bhiksuka wiku is to focus on the spiritual life or free oneself from his avidya (spiritual darkness).

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Lack, Graham. "AT FEVER PITCH: THE MUSIC OF JÖRG WIDMANN." Tempo 59, no. 231 (January 2005): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0040298205000045.

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Just as a young grand master chooses, with a degree of self-acknowledgement, an opening that creates space for key playing strengths at a later stage, Jörg Widmann seems with every new work to alight on an initial strategy (usually in the form of just a single sound or a complex but discrete sonic entity) which not only occasions further related ideas in the composer's imagination but also reveals feasible compositional paths through the new material. In performance, this simultaneity of creation – in which the primary gesture is clearly a microcosm of the piece itself – may be perceived too in real time by the audience. Any closer analogy with the game of chess breaks down at this point: Widmann's openings remain ambiguous, marked by both a tentative approach and moved by a desire for more telling blows to render a score complete. Music – or the calling to write it, at least – remains nonetheless a considerable opponent. And the sense of the composer finding his bearings at the outset (one might say the onset) of a piece is palpable. A febrile tension is created.

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Dvoryatkina, S. N., V. S. Karapetyan, and S. A. Rozanova. "The Plurality of Goal-setting in Pedagogical Activity: Integration of Mathematics on a Chessboard." Vysshee Obrazovanie v Rossii = Higher Education in Russia 28, no. 4 (April 21, 2019): 81–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.31992/0869-3617-2019-28-4-81-92.

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The article reveals the potential for the integration of mathematics education and gaming activities in the formation of professional competencies of a future teacher. The disclosure of a wider range of possibilities for the interdisciplinary integration of mathematical knowledge and chess skills in the context of setting and selecting goals for solving mathematical problems on a chessboard seems to be very relevant for teaching students. A modern professional is constantly faced with the need to change and select goals, search for the optimal way out in conditions of pedagogical uncertainty and pedagogical risk. An important condition for its self-realization in pedagogical activity is goal-setting. Goal-setting as a choice or resolution of uncertainty in a plurality of alternatives involves understanding by learners of their own existential essence with subsequent creative actions. Knowledge of the mechanisms of goal-setting is necessary both for assessing by a teacher his/her own activities (level of universal competencies – critical thinking, self-organization and selfdevelopment), and the activities of students (level of general professional competencies – monitoring and evaluation of educational results). Therefore, the authors propose to study the features of goal-setting with a plurality of alternatives during the process of training bachelors and masters majoring in pedagogy within the disciplines of the methodical module. The goal of the article is to theoretically substantiate, develop and implement the technology of integrative teaching mathematics on the basis of chess game with the actualization of the phenomenon of a plurality of goal-setting as an effective mechanism of content modernization in training programs of future math teachers. The main result of the research we consider the developed integrative technology of teaching mathematics on the basis of solving problems on a chessboard with the actualization of the phenomenon of goal setting plurality. To implement the technology, a holistic, hierarchical complex of multi-stage math problems on the chessboard has been composed, which encourages students to master not only various methods (combinatorial, probabilistic, graph and set theory, mathematical and computer modeling), but also to develop the basic qualities of personality, such as creativity, reflection of one’s own choice, creative independence, motivation. The materials of the article are of scientific and practical value for researches in the field of math teaching methods, psychology, and pedagogy and accounting for them in the adjustment of programs and curricula in pedagogical universities.

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Duarte, Fernando Fradique, Nuno Lau, Artur Pereira, and Luis Paulo Reis. "A Survey of Planning and Learning in Games." Applied Sciences 10, no. 13 (June 30, 2020): 4529. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10134529.

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In general, games pose interesting and complex problems for the implementation of intelligent agents and are a popular domain in the study of artificial intelligence. In fact, games have been at the center of some of the most well-known achievements in artificial intelligence. From classical board games such as chess, checkers, backgammon and Go, to video games such as Dota 2 and StarCraft II, artificial intelligence research has devised computer programs that can play at the level of a human master and even at a human world champion level. Planning and learning, two well-known and successful paradigms of artificial intelligence, have greatly contributed to these achievements. Although representing distinct approaches, planning and learning try to solve similar problems and share some similarities. They can even complement each other. This has led to research on methodologies to combine the strengths of both approaches to derive better solutions. This paper presents a survey of the multiple methodologies that have been proposed to integrate planning and learning in the context of games. In order to provide a richer contextualization, the paper also presents learning and planning techniques commonly used in games, both in terms of their theoretical foundations and applications.

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Kolomyitseva, Victoriia. "Registers of Anatolii Moisiienko’s life and poetry." Ukrainian Linguistics, no. 48 (2018): 19–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/um/48(2018).19-28.

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The article is devoted to the general description of Anatolii Moisiienko’s poetry, presented in the collection “Selected Poems”. Registers of multifaceted master’s life and work are considered in close unity. His work as a poet is characterized by a great variety of genres: strict sonnets, pretended free verse poems, poetry for children, palindromes, poems, translations. A. Moisiienko is also the founder of a new genre and poetry direction – intellectual-sensory “chess poetry”. Numerous poetry of the master allow the reader to feel an olfactive (smelling) color sound, expressed occasionally by the entire narrative-semantic outline of the text, rather than lexically. The most important logos for him is love, which the artist comprehends as an insight into the metaphysical essence of the universe, as a sunshine, as a “radiance”. Regarding grammatical and philosophical categories, special attention should be paid to the category of tense in A. Moisiienko’s poems, which becomes a notable means of comprehension of all life events in the value dimension. A frontal analysis of grammatical tense of verbs-predicates in the poetry from the collection “Selected Poems” revealed that the present tense denoted a lyrical space in more than 40 percent of poetry. And among the various types of present tense, an aphoristic or expanded (generalized) type, characterizing poetry of a high ethic-philosophical level, prevails prominently.

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ZUBIN, R. MULLA. "CEO - Chess Master or Gardener? How Game Changing HR Reforms Created a New Future for Bank of Baroda, by Anil K. Khandelwal, 2018, New Delhi: Oxford University Press, pp. 358, Price: Rs. 750/-." Indian Journal of Social Work 79, no. 3 (August 8, 2018): 395. http://dx.doi.org/10.32444/ijsw.2018.79.3.395-398.

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Pudov, Gleb. "On a Type of Russian Chests Called «Baul» of the 18th-19th Centuries. History and Art Style." Bulletin of Baikal State University 30, no. 4 (December 30, 2020): 560–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/2500-2759.2020.30(4).560-565.

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The study of specific types of chests is one of the most prolific areas of the research of Russian chest production. However, today they receive insufficient attention from researches. This paper deals with the history of one of the types of Russian chests called «baul». The issues of their appearance in Russia, their connection with European items (in particular, Scandinavian ones) are considered and specific museum works are analyzed. The comparative method is used to identify the artistic features of Russian «bauls». Items of Russian and foreign museum collections were used. The author draws several conclusions: the chest called «baul» is an independent type of Russian chests; the «baul» as a type of chest was most likely borrowed by Russian craftsmen from Western Europe; despite of the obvious similarity that can be seen in its form and design, Russian and foreign products have their own art style; Russian masters were participants in the pan-European cultural process.

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Alit Widiarsa, I. Ketut, Ni Nyoman Perni, and I. Made Arsa Wiguna. "NILAI PENDIDIKAN AGAMA HINDU DALAM PRASASTI KI MANTRI TUTUAN." Jurnal Penelitian Agama Hindu 2, no. 1 (May 28, 2018): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.25078/jpah.v2i1.442.

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Bukit Buluh temple is one of the kawitan of the homeland / Tutuan people who are in the village of Adat Gunaksa Dawan District Klungkung Regency. Pura Center citizens Tutuan Bukit Buluh has an inscription which until now still stored and awake its existence in Pura Bukit Buluh. Issues to be discussed include: (1) The contents of the Inscription Ki Mantri Tutuan. (2) The Value of Hindu Religious Education In Prayer Ki Mantri Tutuan. (3) The Function of Inscription Ki Mantri Tutuan. This study aims to determine: (1) the contents of the Inscription Ki Mantri Tutuan. (2) The value of Hindu Religious Education contained in the Inscription Ki Mantri Tutuan. (3). Function of Inscription Ki Mantri Tutuan. Theories used to analyze problems are: Value theory, hermeneutical theory and structural functional theory. Subject of this research is Inscription Ki Mantri Tutuan. Methods of data collection are interviews, observations, literature studies and documentation. Data that has been collected is analyzed by qualitative descriptive analysis research method.The results showed: (1) The content of Prasati Ki Mantri Tutuan is telling about the birth of Ki Mantri Tutuan in the kingdom of Keling Kediri Java until becoming the king of Bali Ida Dalem Tegal Besung and established pasraman in the reed hill which is now known as pura hill reed. (2) The value of Hindu Religious Education contained in the inscription Ki Mantri Tutuan namely: Education Yadnya (a). Manusa Yadnya (b). Pitra Yadnya (c) Punarbhawa (d) Master Chess (e). Satya Wecana. (3). Function Inscription Ki Mantri Tutuan namely: (a) Religious Functions. (b) Socio function.l (c) Historical Functions. (d) Cultural preservation function.

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Augensen, Harry J., Brian D. Mason, and William I. Hartkopf. "Wulff Dieter Heintz (1930-2006)." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 2, S240 (August 2006): 480–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921307006321.

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Wulff Dieter Heintz, Professor Emeritus of Astronomy at Swarthmore College, passed away at his home on 10 June 2006, following a two-year battle with lung cancer. He had just turned 76 a week earlier. Wulff was one of the leading authorities on visual double stars, and was also a chess master. A prominent educator, researcher, and scholar, Wulff was noted for being both succinct and meticulous in everything he did. Wulff Heintz was born on 3 June 1930 in Würzburg (Bavaria), Germany. Naturally left-handed, the young Wulff's elementary school teachers forced him to learn to write “correctly” using his right hand, and so he became ambidextrous. During the 1930s, Wulff's family saw the rise of Adolph Hitler and lived under the repressive Nazi regime. Conditions were austere, and it was often difficult to find fuel to keep the house warm. As a teenager during World War II, Wulff listened to his family radio for any news from the outside world. He used to say that he loved the blackouts during the bombing runs because it made it much easier to see the stars. One night, an incendiary bomb landed on the roof of his family home, and Wulff climbed up to the roof and extinguished it. The next morning, he saw that his high school had been completely leveled by Allied bombs. As Germany continued to suffer massive losses on the Russian Front, primarily due to unexpectedly severe winters, teenage boys were inducted into the military and sent off to replenish the troops. To avoid an uncertain fate, Wulff hid out in a farmhouse in the countryside outside Munich. When the Allied troops invaded Germany in 1945, the young Wulff volunteered to translate information from the American and British soldiers to the local villagers. During this time, the soldiers taught Wulff how to smoke cigarettes, a habit which he continued until his final days, even after having been diagnosed with lung cancer.

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Boggan, Amy L., James C. Bartlett, and Daniel C. Krawczyk. "Chess masters show a hallmark of face processing with chess." Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 141, no. 1 (2012): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0024236.

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de Voogt, Alexander J. "Reproducing board game positions: Western Chess and African Bao." Swiss Journal of Psychology 61, no. 4 (December 2002): 221–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/1421-0185.61.4.221.

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Cognitive experimental research on experts has been dominated by research on Chess masters. De Groot’s work on Chess masters ( de Groot 1946/1965 ) started a tradition of Chess research concentrating on perception, memory and problem-solving expertise (e.g. Chase & Simon, 1973 ; de Groot & Gobet, 1996 ; Newell & Simon, 1972 ). In later years, this research was replicated by research on board games other than Chess. Experiments on players of Gomoku, Go ( Eisenstadt & Kareev, 1977 ; Reitman, 1976 ) and Othello ( Billman & Shaman, 1990 ; Wolff, Mitchell, & Frey, 1984 ) largely confirmed the findings on Chess masters. In board games research the effect of “cultural” variables has not been studied or even considered. Despite the presence of Japanese, Russian, Dutch and recently African players or games, the results of the experiments have been compared as if there is one “board game culture”. As long as the results of the experiments do not upset the results of Chess research, one could claim that this cultural background is irrelevant and that cognitive experiments on experts concern a level of thinking which is universal in humans. However, recent research on Bao experts - a board game played in East Africa - contradicted some of the results in Chess ( de Voogt, 1995 ). In this instance, the role of “culture” became an issue in two ways. Is the difference between Bao and Chess players related to the differences in playing context or are the experiments designed for Chess not comparable or not applicable to Bao?

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Silver, David, Thomas Hubert, Julian Schrittwieser, Ioannis Antonoglou, Matthew Lai, Arthur Guez, Marc Lanctot, et al. "A general reinforcement learning algorithm that masters chess, shogi, and Go through self-play." Science 362, no. 6419 (December 6, 2018): 1140–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aar6404.

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The game of chess is the longest-studied domain in the history of artificial intelligence. The strongest programs are based on a combination of sophisticated search techniques, domain-specific adaptations, and handcrafted evaluation functions that have been refined by human experts over several decades. By contrast, the AlphaGo Zero program recently achieved superhuman performance in the game of Go by reinforcement learning from self-play. In this paper, we generalize this approach into a single AlphaZero algorithm that can achieve superhuman performance in many challenging games. Starting from random play and given no domain knowledge except the game rules, AlphaZero convincingly defeated a world champion program in the games of chess and shogi (Japanese chess), as well as Go.

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Bennett, Courtney. "How Much Training Is Needed to Master Cardiac Echo?" Chest 148, no. 4 (October 2015): 456A. http://dx.doi.org/10.1378/chest.2274237.

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Dalen, James E. "Giants in Chest Medicine: Paul D. Stein, MD, Master FCCP." Chest 155, no. 3 (March 2019): 463–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2018.10.046.

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Madison, J. Mark, and Cynthia L. French. "Giants in Chest Medicine: Richard S. Irwin, MD, Master FCCP." Chest 157, no. 6 (June 2020): 1423–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2020.01.034.

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Raoof, Suhail. "Giants in Chest Medicine: Edward C. Rosenow III, MD, Master FCCP." Chest 147, no. 1 (January 2015): 19–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1378/chest.14-1226.

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Sala, Giovanni, and Fernand Gobet. "Does Far Transfer Exist? Negative Evidence From Chess, Music, and Working Memory Training." Current Directions in Psychological Science 26, no. 6 (October 25, 2017): 515–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0963721417712760.

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Chess masters and expert musicians appear to be, on average, more intelligent than the general population. Some researchers have thus claimed that playing chess or learning music enhances children’s cognitive abilities and academic attainment. We here present two meta-analyses assessing the effect of chess and music instruction on children’s cognitive and academic skills. A third meta-analysis evaluated the effects of working memory training—a cognitive skill correlated with music and chess expertise—on the same variables. The results show small to moderate effects. However, the effect sizes are inversely related to the quality of the experimental design (e.g., presence of active control groups). This pattern of results casts serious doubts on the effectiveness of chess, music, and working memory training. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of these findings; extend the debate to other types of training such as spatial training, brain training, and video games; and conclude that far transfer of learning rarely occurs.

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Ironside, Emily Charlotte, and Andrew James Hotchen. "Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome, the Master of Disguise?" Case Reports in Emergency Medicine 2015 (2015): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/510815.

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The use of IVF has risen dramatically over the past 10 years and with this the complications of such treatments have also risen. One such complication is ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome with which patients can present acutely to hospital with shortness of breath. On admission, a series of blood tests are routinely performed, including the d-dimer. We present a case of a 41-year-old lady who had recently undergone IVF and presented with chest pain and dyspnoea. In the emergency department, a d-dimer returned as mildly elevated. Consequential admission onto MAU initiated several avoidable investigations for venous thromboembolism. Careful examination elicited a mild ascites and a thorough drug history gave recent low molecular weight heparin usage. Ultrasound scan of the abdomen subsequently confirmed the diagnosis of severe OHSS. The d-dimer should therefore be used to negate and not to substantiate a diagnosis of VTE. This case report aims to highlight the importance of OHSS as an uncommon cause of dyspnoea but whose prevalence is likely to increase in the forthcoming years. We discuss the complications of the misdiagnosis of OHSS, the physiology behind raised d-dimers, and the potential harm from incorrect treatment or inappropriate imaging.

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Gränsmark, Patrik. "Masters of our time: Impatience and self-control in high-level chess games." Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization 82, no. 1 (April 2012): 179–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2012.02.002.

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Bilalić, Merim, Peter McLeod, and Fernand Gobet. "Inflexibility of experts—Reality or myth? Quantifying the Einstellung effect in chess masters." Cognitive Psychology 56, no. 2 (March 2008): 73–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cogpsych.2007.02.001.

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Herkes, Ellen, and Guy Redden. "Misterchef? Cooks, Chefs and Gender in MasterChef Australia." Open Cultural Studies 1, no. 1 (September 26, 2017): 125–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/culture-2017-0012.

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Abstract MasterChef Australia is the most popular television series in Australian history. It gives a wide range of ordinary people the chance to show they can master culinary arts to a professional standard. Through content and textual analysis of seven seasons of the show this article examines gendered patterns in its representation of participants and culinary professionals. Women are often depicted as home cooks by inclination while the figure of the professional chef remains almost exclusively male. Despite its rhetoric of inclusivity, MCA does little to challenge norms of the professional gastronomic field that have devalued women’s cooking while valorising “hard” masculinized culinary cultures led by men.

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Jones, Walter J., and Gerard A. Silvestri. "The Master Settlement Agreement and Its Impact on Tobacco Use 10 Years Later." Chest 137, no. 3 (March 2010): 692–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1378/chest.09-0982.

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SIMONS, P. "(Check)Mating the Grand Masters: The Gendered, Sexualized Politics of Chess in Renaissance Italy." Oxford Art Journal 16, no. 1 (January 1, 1993): 59–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxartj/16.1.59.

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Cacioppo, John T. "Common Sense, Intuition, and Theory in Personality and Social Psychology." Personality and Social Psychology Review 8, no. 2 (May 2004): 114–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15327957pspr0802_4.

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Theoretical work in personality and social psychology benefits from a well-developed understanding of the prior empirical and theoretical work on a problem and from informed intuitions. Intuitions develop about a subject matter through years of study, investigation, and problem solving, just as chess masters develop a sophisticated set of cognitive structures that change the very appearance of the chess board. In part because the subject matter is so personal, students new to personality and social psychology arrive with many intuitions, prior beliefs, and naive theories about social processes and behavior based on unsystematic experiences and observations. These intuitions can hinder or foster theoretical progress. The role of mentors, critiques, and empirical tests in minimizing the deleterious effects of these entry biases is discussed. Refined scientific intuitions are also subject to error, however, so means of minimizing these errors are also discussed.

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Iyer, Sandhya, Mansha Singh, and Vinay Jathen. "Study of epidemiology and outcome of chest trauma at an apex tertiary care trauma centre." International Surgery Journal 5, no. 11 (October 26, 2018): 3621. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-2902.isj20184634.

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Background: Trauma accounts for 12% of the world’s burden of disease. Chest trauma is present in about 50% of trauma victims and is the cause of death in about 25%. Present study focuses on the epidemiology and outcome associated with both, blunt and penetrating chest trauma, over a period of one year in our high-volume tertiary level trauma centre in Mumbai.Methods: A prospective study including all patients between the ages of 18-60 years who suffered from chest trauma and were admitted to trauma ICU over a period of one year. Master chart was maintained of all data collected and Revised trauma Score and Apache II Score was calculated.Results: Using Stepwise Logistic Regression Analysis it was found that factors significantly affecting mortality were Age, Revised Trauma Score <7, Apache II score >18 and infective complications.Conclusions: Mortality from chest trauma can be significantly reduced by development of better trauma care systems, prevention of shock and hypoxia and adherence to strict aseptic precautions to prevent infective complications.

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Bedford, Simon, and Jon Mason. "How to impart tacit knowledge: “Blending Chess and Chemistry”." New Directions in the Teaching of Physical Sciences, no. 3 (February 23, 2016): 59–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.29311/ndtps.v0i3.421.

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Retrosynthesis has been likened to the game of chess. There are relatively simple rules to learn, but only through experience and practice can a learner acquire the tacit knowledge required for mastery of the subject. This makes it a challenging topic to teach effectively to a large and diverse cohort of learners. Lectures are a good way of transmitting knowledge, but do not provide the engagement and training that is essential in developing a deep understanding of retrosynthesis. Therefore, students tend to struggle to achieve success in this topic. This project aimed to alleviate this problem by producing online learning resources to be combined with traditional face-to-face teaching methods to develop a blended learning approach. These resources included animated videos, quizzes, worked examples and other interactive learning materials. Analysis of examination results and learner feedback showed that the supplementary resources not only improved student performance and understanding, but also provided a more satisfactory learning experience. External evaluation suggested that the learning package has significant potential and development should be continued. The package of learning resources can be viewed online at: people.bath.ac.uk/ch3jhm

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TAVARES, Fernando Barbosa, Maria do Socorro Vieira dos SANTOS, Claudio Vieira de ARAÚJO, Heiciane Soares da COSTA, João Paulo Borges LOUREIRO, Elizanne de Moura LIMA, and Kedson Raul de Souza LIMA. "Performance, growth and carcass characteristics of alternatives lineages of broiler chickens created with access to paddock." Revista Brasileira de Saúde e Produção Animal 16, no. 2 (June 2015): 420–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1519-99402015000200016.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of alternative lineages of broiler chickens created with access to paddock. Were used 312 one day broiler chickens, house data density of 6.4birds/m2in the internal area and 2m2/animal in the pasture area. The treatments consisted of each lineage used in the experiment: Redbro Cou Nu, Gris Barré Cou Nu, Master Gris Cou PlumeandGris Barré Cou Plume. The statistical design was completely randomized with four treatments and six repetitions. For study the growth, the Gompertz equation showed a better adjustment compared with others. The lineageMaster Gris Cou Plumegot the greatest asymptotic weight, absolute growth rate and lowest viability, higher average weight and weight gain when compared to lineage Gris Barré Cou Nu. Even with the differences in zoo technical performance among the lineages studied, not the significance of differences between means indicates there is a ratio of body weight after fasting and weight of the eviscerated carcass.Showed highercarcass weight, chest, thigh + drumstick, wing and backin the lineage Master Gris Cou Plume, compared to Gris Barré Cou Nu andGris Barré Cou Plume. The lineages Redbro Cou Nu and Master Gris Cou Plumehad similar performance, but the Redbro Cou Nu,showed growth characteristics more suitable to alternative creations with access to paddock area.

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Kerr, Dianne, Alexis Blavos, Heidi Hancher-Rauch, Jodi Brookins-Fisher, and Amy Thompson. "CHES, MCHES, and/or CPH? Selecting the Best Credential for You." Health Promotion Practice 20, no. 2 (January 24, 2019): 167–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1524839918825132.

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The health education profession within the broader context of public health has chosen certification to grant recognition to individuals meeting certain standards, as well as optional accreditation of academic programs. Regarding certification options for health education professionals, those who qualify may sit for the exams to achieve one of the following certifications: Certified Health Education Specialist (CHES), Master Certified Health Education Specialist (MCHES), or Certified in Public Health (CPH). Some health education and other professionals may be familiar with the concept of certification but may not be aware of the value of certification for the profession, their options for certification, or the processes of certification. This article provides information on CHES, MCHES, and CPH certifications and compares and contrasts their requirements. While many professionals may choose one credential over another, others may decide to pursue CHES/MCHES and the CPH. Credentialing continues to be an important part of advancing the health education profession and ensuring that those practicing in the field are highly qualified.

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Clark, Peter, Oren Etzioni, Tushar Khot, Daniel Khashabi, Bhavana Mishra, Kyle Richardson, Ashish Sabharwal, et al. "From ‘F’ to ‘A’ on the N.Y. Regents Science Exams: An Overview of the Aristo Project." AI Magazine 41, no. 4 (December 28, 2020): 39–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aimag.v41i4.5304.

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AI has achieved remarkable mastery over games such as Chess, Go, and Poker, and even Jeopardy!, but the rich variety of standardized exams has remained a landmark challenge. Even as recently as 2016, the best AI system could achieve merely 59.3 percent on an 8th grade science exam. This article reports success on the Grade 8 New York Regents Science Exam, where for the first time a system scores more than 90 percent on the exam’s nondiagram, multiple choice (NDMC) questions. In addition, our Aristo system, building upon the success of recent language models, exceeded 83 percent on the corresponding Grade 12 Science Exam NDMC questions. The results, on unseen test questions, are robust across different test years and different variations of this kind of test. They demonstrate that modern natural language processing methods can result in mastery on this task. While not a full solution to general question-answering (the questions are limited to 8th grade multiple-choice science) it represents a significant milestone for the field.

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Nikolaidis, Pantelis, Celina Knechtle, Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo, Rodrigo Vancini, Thomas Rosemann, and Beat Knechtle. "Training and Body Composition during Preparation for a 48-Hour Ultra-Marathon Race: A Case Study of a Master Athlete." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 6 (March 13, 2019): 903. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16060903.

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Although the acute effects of ultra-endurance exercise on body composition have been well studied, limited information exists about the chronic adaptations of body composition to ultra-endurance training. The aim of the present study was to examine the day-by-day variation of training and body composition of a master athlete during the preparation for a 48-hour ultra-marathon race. For all training sessions (n = 73) before the race, the running distance, duration, and pace were recorded, and body mass, body fat (BF), body water (%), visceral fat, fat-free mass (FFM), four circumferences (i.e., waist, upper arm, thigh and calf), and eight skinfolds (i.e., chest, mid-axilla, triceps, subscapular, abdomen, iliac crest, thigh and calf) were measured accordingly in a 53-year-old experienced ultra-endurance athlete (body mass 80.1 kg, body height 177 cm, body mass index 25.6 kg·m−2). The main findings of the present study were that (a) the training plan of the ultra-endurance master athlete followed a periodization pattern with regard to exercise intensity and training volume, which increased over time, (b) the body mass, BF, and FFM decreased largely during the first 30 training sessions, and (c) the circumferences and skinfolds reflected the respective decrease in BF. The findings of this case study provided useful information about the variation of training and body composition during the preparation for an ultra-marathon race in a male master ultra-marathoner. The preparation for an ultra-endurance race seems to induce pronounced changes in body mass and body composition.

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Sha, Yang, You Jian-Ping, Zhang Hui-Lan, and Luo Hong-Xia. "Study on the Effectiveness Evaluation of Personal Protective Equipment for Health Care Staff Trained with Graphical Interpretation and Operation." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 34, s1 (May 2019): s168—s169. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x19003856.

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Introduction:Proper use of personal protective equipment (PPE) is essential when facing emerging infectious diseases. Proper training methods can promote the use of the PPE correctly.Aim:To explore the effect of the training method of sequential operation training on medical staff to master PPE penetration and removal skills, and to study the memory attenuation after training.Methods:Fifteen medical staff with no experience of PPE operation in a hospital were trained to wear PPE in accordance with WHO standards by illustration and sequential operation method. The training included 30 minutes of theoretical teaching and 60 minutes of practical exercises. At the end of the training and 1 week after the training, the training objects were evaluated for PPE operation. A 2.5 x 2.5 cm fluorescent agent was applied on 6 parts, such as hands, chest, abdomen, and knees, to simulate contamination. After taking the PPE off, the parts of the whole body and the inner layer of clothing that were fluorescently contaminated were recorded. The whole operation process was recorded by video to evaluate whether the operation was correct. The error rates of two operations and the contamination position and frequency were compared.Results:The error rate of the operating PPE after training was 18.6%, rising to 31.9% after 1 week (Z=16.0, P<0.05). After the training, the average number of contaminated PPE removal was 1.96±1.56, which rose to 2.96±2.03 one month later. The difference was statistically significant (Z=8.92, P<0.05). The main vulnerable sites are the wrist, chest, abdomen, and left calf.Discussion:Illustrative sequential operation training is an important means to improve the way for medical staff to wear PPE, but it must be completed more than once to ensure that medical staff can firmly master the skills of wearing and removing PPE.

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davis, jennifer j. "Masters of Disguise: French Cooks Between Art and Nature, 1651––1793." Gastronomica 9, no. 1 (2009): 36–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/gfc.2009.9.1.36.

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This essay traces the changing place of artifice as an ideal in food preparation through seventeenth- and eighteenth-century cookbooks and medical treatises published in France. Initially one of the guiding aesthetic principles of elite culinary production, artifice propagated a series of technical processes that redefined skill among cooks. However, by the late eighteenth century, an ideology of the natural gained ground in aesthetic philosophy, which rendered those same highly prized skills of disguise as increasingly suspect. Of course, it proved difficult to identify what qualified as ““natural cuisine. ”” During the eighteenth century, two oppositional definitions of natural cuisine developed, with very different implications for the organization of culinary labor. On the one hand, natural cuisine could indicate simple preparations, dispensing with the need for a master cook. On the other hand, natural cuisine could require a rigorous study of nature's laws. By positing a universal foundation for taste in natural law, natural cuisine envisioned the cook's liberation from diners' whims and so theorized a relationship in which the cook dictated standards of taste to consumers, rather than vice versa. We might trace today's celebrity chefs' authority over ““good taste”” back to the latter definition promoting a more natural cuisine.

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Brzoska, Tomasz, Egemen Tutuncuoglu, Stevan P. Tofovic, Edwin K. Jackson, Mark T. Gladwin, and Prithu Sundd. "CD39 As a Master Regulator of Pulmonary Thrombosis in Sickle Cell Disease." Blood 134, Supplement_1 (November 13, 2019): 2266. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2019-130882.

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Acute systemic painful vaso-occlusive crisis (VOC) often serves as an antecedent to acute chest syndrome (ACS), which is a type of acute lung injury and the leading cause of mortality among sickle cell disease (SCD) patients. Thrombocytopenia secondary to pulmonary thrombosis is major risk factor for ACS, however, only 20% of ACS patients are diagnosed with pulmonary thrombosis as an underlying cause of ACS. Although clinical evidence supports the presence of prothrombotic state in subset of SCD patients, the molecular, cellular and genetic mechanisms that selectively render subset of SCD patients at either higher or lower risk of developing pulmonary thrombosis remains elusive. Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) released from lysed erythrocytes can activate platelets by stimulating their purinergic P2Y1 and P2Y12 receptors, however, P2Y12 receptor antagonists have not shown any benefit in clinical trials, justifying the need for better understanding of purinergic signaling in SCD. Here, we use intravital lung microscopy in transgenic humanized SCD mice to show that intravenous administration of ADP triggered pulmonary thrombosis in control mice but failed to trigger pulmonary thrombosis in SCD mice. In contrast, collagen evoked pulmonary thrombosis identically in both control and SCD mice. Identical to intravital findings, IV ADP administration also evoked transient thrombocytopenia in control but not SCD mice, while, IV collagen led to comparable drop in platelet count in both SCD and control mice. ADP is metabolized by the ecto-nucleoside-tri-phosphate-diphosphohydrolase-1 (E-NTPDase1) CD39. IV administration of fluorescent analogue of ADP, N⁶- ethenoadenosine- 5'- O- diphosphate (ε-ADP) followed by invivo microdialysis and HPLC analysis revealed impaired ε-ADP degradation in SCD mice, suggestive of decreased CD39 activity. Our current findings suggest that loss of CD39 activity in SCD possibly prevents ADP-mediated pulmonary thrombosis. Currently, experiments are underway to identify pathways contributing to loss of CD39 activity in SCD, how that affects purinergic signaling and whether selective activation vs deactivation of this pathway is responsible for risk of pulmonary thrombosis in only 20% of ACS patients. Disclosures Gladwin: Globin Solutions, Inc: Patents & Royalties: Provisional patents for the use of recombinant neuroglobin and heme-based molecules as antidotes for CO poisoning; United Therapeutics: Patents & Royalties: Co-inventor on an NIH government patent for the use of nitrite salts in cardiovascular diseases ; Bayer Pharmaceuticals: Other: Co-investigator.

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SARAÇOĞLU, Kemal Tolga, Leyla TOPÇU, and Zeynep ETİ. "Comparison of Classical Laryngeal Mask, I Gel and Tracheal Intubation for Limited Experienced UsersDuring Uninterrupted Chest Compressions." Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Anesthesiology Reanimation 14, no. 2 (2016): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5336/anesthe.2015-48998.

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Sadowska-Krępa, Ewa, Barbara Kłapcińska, Dagmara Gerasimuk, Adam Rzetecki, Zbigniew Waśkiewicz, Zbigniew Gąsior, Aleksandra Żebrowska, Thomas Rosemann, Pantelis Nikolaidis, and Beat Knechtle. "Chest pain in an elite master ultra-marathon runner: a case report with a follow-up on his subsequent athletic activity." International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health 33, no. 4 (June 16, 2020): 523–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.13075/ijomeh.1896.01535.

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Joo-Oeck Maeng. "Mastery of ‘you(又)’, ‘zai(再)’, ‘hai(還)’ Reflected in Various Versions of Translation of Nogeoldae(老乞大)." China Studies 42, no. ll (January 2008): 197–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.18077/chss.2008.42..012.

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Zotova, F., F. Mavliev, A. Nazarenko, I. Zemlenukhin, and O. Razzhivin. "SOME ASPECTS OF THE ASSESSMENT OF ANAEROBIC CAPACITY IN COMBAT ATHLETES." Human Sport Medicine 19, no. 3 (November 5, 2019): 80–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.14529/hsm190310.

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Aim. The article deals with the assessment of anaerobic capacity in wrestlers depending on wrestling style and morphological indicators. Materials and methods. 33 male wrestlers participated in the experiment. All participants are apparently healthy people at the moment of the study and have their sports grades (from 1st grade to the Master of Sport). The test was conducted with the Monark 891E arm ergometer (Switzerland). The following parameters were obtained during the experiment: peak power (W), average power (W), time to peak power (ms). Results. Power was assessed with an arm ergometer. This power is mostly achieved by the muscles responsible for arm flexion and extension in the shoulder joint and, to a lesser extent, by the biceps and triceps responsible for flexion and extension in the elbow joint. This statement is based on the correlations between the peak power, average power, and chest circumference, which look as following: r = 0.58 ± 0.019 (р = 0.0006) and r = 0.68 ± 0.15 (р < 0.0001). At the same time, shoulder circumference is less correlated with power, while chest circumference correlates with the average power in a more pronounced way than body weight does (r = 0.68 ± 0.15 against r = 0.58 ± 0.19, at р = 0.049 – one-way analysis). Therefore, in wrestlers, it is necessary to take into account chest circumference, which will allow predicting the potential power of the locomotion connected with the shoulder girdle (in case if the test is adjusted to a specific wrestling style), as well as the degree of shoulder girdle muscles development and training as one of the important predictors of successful combat. Conclusion. There are statistically significant correlations between the morphological indicators of wrestlers and their power. This can be used for the assessment of motor qualities depending on chest circumference, shoulder circumference, and skin-fat folds. It will be helpful for estimating a potential power and the efficiency of the training process as one of the main predictors of successful combat, especially at the first stages of multiyear training.

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Güldemir, Osman, and Erhan Akarçay. "Koca Ustadan Issız Adama Türkiye de Aşçılık Mesleğinin Değişimi (The Change in Cookery Profession in Turkey: From Big Master Cooks to Cool Chefs)." Journal of Tourism and Gastronomy Studies 8, no. 2 (June 30, 2020): 896–914. http://dx.doi.org/10.21325/jotags.2020.586.

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Orido, Charles. "Attracting and retaining female chefs." Hospitality Insights 1, no. 1 (October 20, 2017): 9–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/hi.v1i1.8.

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The chef profession is considered a challenging career, with female chefs seeming to be most affected. As such, it is rare to find female chefs occupying the coveted executive chef positions. The aim of this research was to establish if female chefs in Kenya encounter similar challenges to those experienced by female chefs elsewhere. Previous research shows that female chefs encounter career challenges in hospitality organisations and hence they struggle to make it as chefs; for example, studies by Druckman [1] and Harris and Giuffre [2,3] in the United States, Murray-Gibbons and Gibbons [4] in the United Kingdom, as well as Zengeni et al. [5] in Zimbabwe. This article poses the important question: how can these challenges be overcome? The study sought to make sense of the lived work experiences of Kenyan female chefs. Baum [6] recommends contextualised research methodologies to explore hospitality issues in non-Western countries. Moreover, Adelowo [7] asserts that lived experiences are better expressed through stories. Therefore, a qualitative approach was employed in this study where 15 chefs working in the Kenyan hospitality industry were interviewed [8]. Ten female chefs told stories of their workplace experiences while five male executive chefs recounted their experiences of working with female chefs. Despite the different geographical, socio-cultural and economic factors between Kenya and other countries previously studied, female chefs expressed common challenges such as sexual harassment, gender discrimination, unsupportive attitudes towards pregnancy and an unhealthy work environment, as well as hierarchical kitchen structures that they believed discriminated against them. There was an indication of engrained patriarchal attitudes that limit the professional success of potential female chefs. Unfortunately, hospitality employers appeared to support the status quo; that is, a gendering of the chef’s profession that privileges men and penalises women. These findings suggest a trend that must worry hospitality employers. The highly competitive career structures and the male domination that discourages women from making a long-term career in the kitchen [2], coupled with stiff competition for scarce hospitality human resources, support the need to retain female chefs. Christensen and Rog [9] stress that employee retention strategies will only work if human resource managers are fully committed to creating a positive workplace culture that treats all employees equally, regardless of their gender or any other dimension of diversity. In his study, Orido [8] suggests that the following measures may help to attract and retain female chefs. Firstly, employers should introduce personalised career development plans. For instance, a female chef who has attained postgraduate qualifications ought to be promoted and remunerated accordingly. This will not only retain female chefs but also enable them to further their career aspirations within the hospitality industry. Secondly, female chefs should be given the opportunity to fully participate at all levels of the kitchen hierarchy, thereby acquiring the necessary skills for promotion in the future to executive chef’s positions. Additionally, it will encourage a clear career progression path within the kitchen hierarchy. Hospitality employers must ensure that employment opportunities as well as employment terms and career progression are not dependant on a chef’s gender, but on their qualifications and competencies. By investing in female chefs and, most importantly, keeping them safe from bullying at work, the hospitality industry will not only attract, but retain, these talented professionals in satisfying culinary careers. If you would like to read the PhD thesis this research is based on you can access it here: http://hdl.handle.net/10292/10626 Corresponding author Charles is a chef and lecturer at Kenya Utalii College, Nairobi, Kenya. His research interests include inhospitable hospitality, culinary arts, human behaviour in the hospitality industry, and indigenous research. He holds a Certificate in Food Production (currently Culinary Arts) from Kenya Utalii College, a BA degree in Hospitality Management from the University of Nairobi, Kenya, and a Master of International Hospitality Management (MIHM) from Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand. Charles Orido can be contacted at: chaloridoh@gmail.com or corido@utalii.ac.ke References (1) Druckman, C. Why Are There No Great Women Chefs? Gastronomica 2010, 10, 24–31. https://doi.org/10.1525/gfc.2010.10.1.24 (2) Harris, D. A.; Giuffre, P. “The Price You Pay”: How Female Professional Chefs Negotiate Work and Family. Gender Issues 2010, 27, 27–52. (3) Harris, D. A.; Giuffre, P. Taking the Heat: Women Chefs and Gender Inequality in the Professional Kitchen; Rutgers University Press: New Brunswick, NJ, 2015. https://books.google.co.nz/books?id=qTaACgAAQBAJ (4) Murray-Gibbons, R.; Gibbons, C. Occupational Stress in the Chef Profession. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management 2007, 19, 32–42. https://doi.org/10.1108/09596110710724143 (5) Zengeni, D. M. F.; Tendani, E.; Zengeni, N. The Absence of Females in Executive Chef Position in Zimbabwean Hotels: Case of Rainbow Tourism Group (RTG). Australian Journal of Business and Management Research 2013, 3, 1–18. (6) Baum, T. Human Resources in Tourism: Still Waiting for Change? – A 2015 Reprise. Tourism Management 2015, 50, 204–212. (7) Adelowo, A. The Adjustment of African Women Living in New Zealand: A Narrative Study; Ph.D. Thesis, Auckland University of Technology, 2012. http://aut.researchgateway.ac.nz/handle/10292/4601 (8) Orido, C. O. Challenges Faced by Female Chefs in the Kenyan Hospitality Industry: A Study through an African Oral Tradition of Storytelling; Ph.D. Thesis, Auckland University of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10292/10626 (9) Christensen, J.; Rog, E. Talent Management: A Strategy for Improving Employee Recruitment, Retention and Engagement within Hospitality Organizations. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management 2008, 20, 743–757.

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Hertz, Peter, Katrine Jensen, Saleh N. Abudaff, Michael Strøm, Yousif Subhi, Hani Lababidi, and Lars Konge. "Ensuring basic competency in chest tube insertion using a simulated scenario: an international validation study." BMJ Open Respiratory Research 5, no. 1 (December 2018): e000362. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjresp-2018-000362.

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IntroductionChest tube insertion can be associated with serious complications. A structured training programme is needed to minimise complications and enhance patient safety. Novices should pass a reliable test with solid evidence of validity before performing the procedure supervised on patients. The aim of this study was to establish a credible pass/fail standard.MethodsWe used an established assessment tool the Chest Tube Insertion Competency Test (TUBE-iCOMPT). Validity evidence was explored according to Messick’s five sources of validity. Two methods were used to establish a credible pass/fail standard. Contrasting groups’ method: 34 doctors (23 novices and 11 experienced surgeons) performed the procedure twice and all procedures were video recorded, edited, blinded and rated by two independent, international raters. Modified Angoff method: seven thoracic surgeons individually determined the scores that defined the pass/fail criteria. The data was gathered in Copenhagen, Denmark and Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.ResultsInternal consistency reliability was calculated as Cronbach’s alpha to 0.94. The generalisability coefficient with two raters and two procedures was 0.91. Mean scores were 50.7 (SD±13.2) and 74.7 (SD±4.8) for novices and experienced surgeons, respectively (p<0.001). The pass/fail score of 62 points resulted in zero false negatives and only three false positives.DiscussionWe have gathered valuable additional validity evidence for the assessment tool TUBE-iCOMPT including establishment of a credible pass/fail score. The TUBE-iCOMPT can now be integrated in mastery learning programmes to ensure competency before independent practice.

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Journal articles on the topic 'The Chess Master'

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